title: Expression of thymidine phosphorylase as an indicator of poor prognosis for patients with transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Thymidine phosphorylase (TP), which is identical to platelet-derived endothelial cell growth factor (PD-ECGF), stimulates chemotaxis of endothelial cells and is involved in the angiogenesis of human solid tumors.
  
  
  METHODS
  The activity and expression of TP were examined in human transitional cell carcinomas (TCCs) of the bladder, and their association with clinicopathologic findings was determined. The activity of the enzyme in 37 TCCs and 12 adjacent nonneoplastic tissues was measured spectrophotometrically. The expression of TP was also examined by immunoblotting. Immunohistochemical analysis was performed on 108 TCCs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  TP activity in the carcinomas was higher than that in adjacent normal tissues (P = 0.002). TP activity in Grade 3 tumors or those classified as pT2-4 was higher than in Grade 1 and 2 tumors (P = 0.017) or those classified as pT1 (P = 0.007). The level of expression of TP detected by immunoblotting correlated well with TP activity. Immunohistochemical analyses showed that 62 of 108 cases (57.4%) were TP positive. There was a significant correlation between TP expression and histologic grade, infiltration pattern, local invasion, and lymph node metastasis. TP expression as a prognostic variable was studied using the Cox proportional hazards model. TP overexpression was an independent prognostic factor, as were lymph node metastasis and local invasion.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings suggest that TP activity and its level of expression influence the progression of TCC and the prognoses of patients with this disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cancer Chemotherapy, Institute for Cancer Research, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Arima
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Imazono
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Takebayashi
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nishiyama
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shirahama
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Akiba
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Furukawa
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Akiyama
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ohi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis*; D002295:Carcinoma, Transitional Cell / Q000737:chemistry / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology*; D004848:Epithelium / Q000737:chemistry; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015151:Immunoblotting; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013053:Spectrophotometry; D016019:Survival Analysis; D013939:Thymidine Phosphorylase / Q000032:analysis*; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000737:chemistry; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000737:chemistry / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology*
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D013939:Thymidine Phosphorylase