title: A comparison of the Framingham risk index, coronary artery calcification, and culprit plaque morphology in sudden cardiac death.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Neither clinical prediction models nor noninvasive imaging tests that detect coronary artery calcification identify all patients who experience acute coronary events. Variations in culprit plaque morphology may account for these inaccuracies.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We compared the 10-year Framingham risk index, histologic coronary calcification, and culprit plaque morphology in 79 consecutive adults with sudden cardiac death. There was a modest relationship between the Framingham risk index and the extent of histologic coronary calcification (r=0.35, P=0.002). Agreement in risk classification between the histologic calcification score and the Framingham risk index occurred in 50 of 79 cases (63.3%, P=0. 039). Either a focus of coronary artery calcification >/=40 micromol/L (62% of cases) or a Framingham risk index score >/= average risk for age (62% of cases) were present in 66 of 79 (83.5%) cases. Cases with plaque erosion (n=22) had significantly less coronary calcification (P=0.003) and lower Framingham risk index (P=0.001) scores than stable (n=27) or ruptured (n=30) plaques. Fourteen of 22 (63.6%) cases of plaque erosion were classified as low risk by both the Framingham risk index and the histologic calcification score.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The prediction of sudden cardiac death using the Framingham risk index and the measurement of coronary calcification are distinct methods of assessing risk for sudden cardiac death. Excessive reliance on either method alone will produce errors in risk classification, particularly for patients at risk of plaque erosion, but their combination may be complementary.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Cardiology, Walter Reed Army Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA.
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.forename: A P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Burke
authors.forename: P G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: O'Malley
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Farb
authors.forename: G T
authors.initials: GT
authors.lastname: Malcom
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Smialek
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Virmani
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000465:Algorithms; D002114:Calcinosis / Q000150:complications*; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000150:complications* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D003331:Coronary Vessels / Q000473:pathology; D016757:Death, Sudden, Cardiac / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors