title: Very low amounts of glucose cause repression of the stress-responsive gene HSP12 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
abstract: Changing the growth mode of Saccharomyces cerevisiae by adding fermentable amounts of glucose to cells growing on a non-fermentable carbon source leads to rapid repression of general stress-responsive genes like HSP12. Remarkably, glucose repression of HSP12 appeared to occur even at very low glucose concentrations, down to 0.005%. Although these low levels of glucose do not induce fermentative growth, they do act as a growth signal, since upon addition of glucose to a concentration of 0.02%, growth rate increased and ribosomal protein gene transcription was up-regulated. In an attempt to elucidate how this type of glucose signalling may operate, several signalling mutants were examined. Consistent with the low amounts of glucose that elicit HSP12 repression, neither the main glucose-repression pathway nor cAMP-dependent activation of protein kinase A appeared to play a role in this regulation. Using mutants involved in glucose metabolism, evidence was obtained suggesting that glucose 6-phosphate serves as a signalling molecule. To identify the target for glucose repression on the promoter of the HSP12 gene, a promoter deletion series was used. The major transcription factors governing (stress-induced) transcriptional activation of HSP12 are Msn2p and Msn4p, binding to the general stress-responsive promoter elements (STREs). Surprisingly, glucose repression of HSP12 appeared to be independent of Msn2/4p: HSP12 transcription in glycerol-grown cells was unaffected in a deltamsn2deltamsn4 strain. Nevertheless, evidence was obtained that STRE-mediated transcription is the target of repression by low amounts of glucose. These data suggest that an as yet unidentified factor is involved in STRE-mediated transcriptional regulation of HSP12.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, IMBW, BioCentrum Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1083, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands1.
authors.forename: Ellen
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: de Groot
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, IMBW, BioCentrum Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1083, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands1.
authors.forename: Jan-Paul
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Bebelman
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, IMBW, BioCentrum Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1083, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands1.
authors.forename: Willem H
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Mager
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, IMBW, BioCentrum Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1083, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands1.
authors.forename: Rudi J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Planta
mesh_terms: D003470:Culture Media; D000242:Cyclic AMP / Q000378:metabolism; D017868:Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D015966:Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D019298:Glucose-6-Phosphate / Q000378:metabolism; D006360:Heat-Shock Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D010766:Phosphorylation; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D012097:Repressor Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000235:genetics* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins; D015398:Signal Transduction; D015534:Trans-Activators / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D014158:Transcription, Genetic
chemical_list: D003470:Culture Media; C112591:HSP12 protein, S cerevisiae; D006360:Heat-Shock Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D012097:Repressor Proteins; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins; D015534:Trans-Activators; D019298:Glucose-6-Phosphate; D000242:Cyclic AMP; D017868:Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases; D005947:Glucose