title: 16q heterozygosity loss in Wilms' tumour in children and its clinical importance.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The loss of heterozygosity (LOH) of 16q is a structural change detected in about 20-30% of Wilms' tumour cases. Aberrations which result in deletion of 16q are also found in breast cancer, prostate cancer and liver cancer, where they are connected with a worse prognosis. The hypothesis of a bad prognosis in nephroblastomas with LOH 16q was first formulated by scientists from NWTS (National Wilms Tumor Study) on the basis of 232 cases of Wilms' tumour. However, SIOP studies (International Society of Paediatric Oncology) which included 28 cases of Wilms' tumour, did not show any clinico-pathological correlations with LOH 16q. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the importance of LOH 16q in relation to clinico-pathological factors in a group of children, treated according to the SIOP criteria.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this work was to evaluate the frequency of LOH 16q in sporadic unilateral Wilms' tumour and to study the relationship between LOH 16q and selected patho-clinical parameters. The study comprised 66 children (31 girls and 35 boys) aged from 2 days to 13 years.
  
  
  METHODS
  LOH 16q was studied by the examination of polymorphism of marker sequences in the region 16q24. DNA was isolated from paraffin sections of tissue for routine microscopic examination by the microdissection method. The method of study involved the amplification of polymorphic sequences from the 16q24 region by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and separation of the products of amplification by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The results were the subject of statistical analysis in relation to gender, age of child at first diagnosis, stage of clinical advancement and histological type of tumour. The connection between LOH 16q and recurrences, metastases and death, and failure free survival and absolute survival of children followed-up for over 24 months after nephrectomy were studied.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The study revealed a lack of correlation between LOH 16q and gender, however LOH 16q was more frequent in children with Wilms' tumour aged >24 months, P<0.05. Also, LOH 16q was more frequent in tumours classified as clinical stage (CS) II or III than in CS I, P<0.05, but there were no differences in the occurrence of LOH 16q in tumours classified as CS II and CS III. We have found no correlation between LOH 16q and the histological type of tumour. However, LOH 16q has been found three times as frequently in tumours from children who died than in tumours of children who survived, P<0.0024.
authors.affiliation: Clinic of Surgery and Paediatric Oncology, Institute of Paediatrics, Medical University of Lódź, Poland.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Skotnicka-Klonowicz
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rieske
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bartkowiak
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Szymik-Kantorowicz
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Daszkiewicz
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Debiec-Rychter
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002885:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 16 / Q000235:genetics*; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D004591:Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; D005260:Female; D016162:Genes, Wilms Tumor / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology*; D019656:Loss of Heterozygosity; D008297:Male; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011379:Prognosis; D012307:Risk Factors; D016019:Survival Analysis; D009396:Wilms Tumor / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology*