title: Computer-assisted facial image identification system using a 3-D physiognomic range finder.
abstract: This system consists of a 3-D physiognomic range finder and a computer-assisted facial image superimposition unit. The 3-D range finder is composed of a detector for measuring facial surface and its control computer. The detector has two sinusoidal grating projection devices and two CCD cameras. The computer-assisted facial image superimposition unit consists of a host computer including a proprietary software, a flat surface color display and a color image scanner for inputting 2-D facial images of a criminal. The 3-D facial shape and texture of a suspect is obtained by using the range finder. To make the comparison between the 3-D facial image and the 2-D facial image, the 3-D facial image is first reproduced on a display of the host computer from a MO disk and then the 2-D facial image is taken with the color image scanner and reproduced on the display. The 3-D facial image is exactly adjusted to match the orientation and size of the 2-D facial image under the fine framework mode, and then the fine framework mode of 3-D facial image is converted to the fine texture image. The shape and positional relationships of facial components between the 3-D and 2-D facial images are examined by the fade-out or wipe image mode. The distance between the selected two points and angle among the selected three points on the 3-D and 2-D facial images are automatically measured for the assessment of anthropometrical data between both images. For evaluating the fit between the anthropometrical points on the 3-D and 2-D facial images, the reciprocal point-to-point difference between both images is compared.
authors.affiliation: First Medico-Legal Section, National Research Institute of Police Science, 6-3-1, Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan. yoshino@nrips.go.jp
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yoshino
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Matsuda
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kubota
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Imaizumi
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Miyasaka
mesh_terms: D000886:Anthropometry; D003116:Color; D003201:Computers; D003626:Data Display; D005145:Face / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D005554:Forensic Medicine; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D010826:Physiognomy; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012984:Software