title: Alteration in the expression of bone morphogenetic protein-2,3,4,5 mRNA during pathogenesis of cleft palate in BALB/c mice.
abstract: To identify the function of these bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP) during pathogenesis of cleft palate, an experimental model was established in BALB/c mice. Cleft palate was induced by exposure to retinoic acid on embryonic day (E)12. The expression of BMP-2,3,4,5 mRNA in normal and abnormal embryonic palatal shelves was then examined from E13 to E16 by in situ hybridization. The results showed that BMP-4 mRNA was expressed strongly and uniformly in normal epithelial cells and dispersed mesenchymal cells on E13. BMP-2,5 mRNA expression appeared only in dispersed mesenchymal cells. With the development of shelves, the staining density of BMP-2,4,5 decreased gradually in mesenchymal cells outside of the condensation and increased inside the condensation. After shelves had fused on E16, no positive signals for BMP-2,4,5 were detected in dispersed mesenchymal cells, but their expression persisted in the condensation. Exposure to retinoic acid delayed the formation of the condensation and decreased BMP-2,4,5 mRNA dramatically in mesenchyme from E13 to E15. BMP-3 mRNA expression were almost negative in either control or retinoic acid-treated groups during all stages. It was concluded that spatial and temporal expression of BMP-2,4,5 was required during normal palatogenesis, and that a deficiency of their mRNA expression may contribute to the pathogenesis of cleft palate.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Pathology, Stomatological College, Xi'an, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.forename: G L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Tipoe
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D055396:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2; D055398:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 3; D055415:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 4; D055417:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 5; D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D002972:Cleft Palate / Q000196:embryology* / Q000235:genetics; D004396:Coloring Agents; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006133:Growth Substances / Q000235:genetics; D017403:In Situ Hybridization; D008648:Mesoderm / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D010159:Palate / Q000187:drug effects / Q000196:embryology; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics*; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000235:genetics; D014212:Tretinoin / Q000009:adverse effects
chemical_list: C525719:Bmp2 protein, mouse; C525810:Bmp4 protein, mouse; C525815:Bmp5 protein, mouse; D055396:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2; D055398:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 3; D055415:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 4; D055417:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 5; D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins; D004396:Coloring Agents; D006133:Growth Substances; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D014212:Tretinoin