title: [The use of the Italian version of the Parental Bonding Instrument (PBI) in a clinical sample and in a student group: an exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis study].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to verify the construct validity of the Italian version of Parental Bonding Instrument (PBI) a questionnaire which estimates the parental style as reported by the son or daughter.
  
  
  METHODS
  The questionnaire was administered to a group of 102 students (62 males and 40 females) attending University of L'Aquila and to a sample of 128 patients (76 males and 52 females) consecutively admitted to a psychiatric unit for an index episode. We compared the means of the two factors (care, protection) separately for each parent in the two groups using a t-test for independent samples. After having estimated the internal consistency of items of each scale by calculating Cronbach's coefficient alpha, a factor analysis was performed for students and patients to find the structural factors of the questionnaire; then, we conducted a confirmatory factor analysis of the PBI items, for the students only, to evaluate the fit of the real items to models proposed in the literature.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The Italian version of the Parental Bonding Instrument, demonstrated the ability to discriminate between patients and controls; it showed an high internal consistency. The factor analysis identified a two factors solution which accounted for 44.6% and 44.3% of the variance of the mother's and father's PBI scores respectively for the group of students and it identified two factors which accounted for 49.3% and 46.6% of the variance in the group of patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The psychiatric patients showed a low "care"-high "protection" confirming an association between the "affectionless control" pattern and psychiatric disorders.
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Università degli Studi de L'Aquila.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Scinto
authors.forename: M G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Marinangeli
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kalyvoka
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Daneluzzo
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rossi
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D005163:Factor Analysis, Statistical; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007802:Language; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009769:Object Attachment; D010287:Parent-Child Relations; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires