title: Low back pain disability: relative costs by antecedent and industry group.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Previous studies of workers' compensation claims for low back pain (LBP) have revealed that the preponderance of disability is borne by a fraction of cases. However, less is known regarding the influence of occupational factors on these extreme conditions.
  
  
  METHODS
  Workers' compensation claims (n=107,867) for LBP reported to a large, national insurer in 1992 were examined by antecedent event and industry class. In addition to summaries of the frequency and cost distribution, each factor was examined at two points on its cost distribution: one more representative of the typical case and one more representative of the case with long disability. These alternative disability indicators were introduced to explore a different perspective of LBP disability.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The information provided by the alternative indicators was distinct from the information provided by the traditional aggregate indicators (claim frequency and claim cost frequency). In particular, this method identified increased severity for claims in the construction and services sectors, as well as for claims arising from falls and motor vehicle crashes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results suggest that the construction and service sectors confront unique challenges to prevention and management of LBP disability. LBP related to discrete antecedents such as falls and motor vehicle crashes merits consideration on the basis of exceptionally severe disability.
authors.affiliation: Liberty Mutual Research Center for Safety and Health, Hopkinton, MA 01748, USA. pmurphy@interqual.com
authors.forename: P L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Murphy
authors.forename: T K
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: Courtney
mesh_terms: D000058:Accidental Falls / Q000191:economics; D000063:Accidents, Traffic / Q000191:economics; D003365:Costs and Cost Analysis; D006233:Persons with Disabilities; D006801:Humans; D007221:Industry / Q000145:classification; D007345:Insurance Claim Review; D017116:Low Back Pain / Q000191:economics* / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D009784:Occupational Diseases / Q000191:economics* / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D014481:United States; D014942:Workers' Compensation / Q000191:economics*