title: Thyroid autoimmunity in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Effect of age, gender and HLA type.
abstract: Type 1 diabetes is often associated with additional autoimmune phenomena. However, data reported on the frequency of thyroid autoimmunity differ vastly. Therefore, the prevalence of thyroid autoantibodies was evaluated at a large pediatric diabetes center in Southern Germany. 2,305 determinations (TPO and TG, ELISA) were performed in 495 patients with type 1 diabetes (234 boys, 261 girls; age at last measurement: 15.4 +/- 0.3 years, duration of diabetes 7. 5 +/- 0.2 years). The prevalence of elevated thyroid antibodies increased dramatically with age: from 3.7% in patients less than 5 years of age up to 25.3% in the age group 15-20 years (p < 0.0001). For children older than 10 years, girls were significantly more affected than boys (p < 0.0001). Thyroid autoimmunity tended to be more prevalent in the subgroup of patients with the HLA type DR3/DR4 compared to patients with other HLA types (p = 0.08). In children older than 10 years, basal TSH concentrations were significantly elevated in antibody-positive patients (p < 0.05). In conclusion, thyroid autoimmunity is prevalent in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes. Adolescent girls and young women are especially affected. Yearly routine determinations of thyroid antibodies are therefore recommended.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, University of Giessen, Germany. w.holl@paediat.med.uni-giessen.de
authors.forename: R W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Holl
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bohm
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Loos
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Grabert
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Heinze
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Homoki
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001323:Autoantibodies / Q000097:blood; D001327:Autoimmune Diseases / Q000150:complications*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000150:complications* / Q000276:immunology; D005260:Female; D015803:HLA-DR3 Antigen / Q000032:analysis; D015804:HLA-DR4 Antigen / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D007453:Iodide Peroxidase / Q000276:immunology; D008297:Male; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D013954:Thyroglobulin / Q000276:immunology; D013959:Thyroid Diseases / Q000276:immunology*; D013972:Thyrotropin / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D001323:Autoantibodies; D015803:HLA-DR3 Antigen; D015804:HLA-DR4 Antigen; D013972:Thyrotropin; D013954:Thyroglobulin; D007453:Iodide Peroxidase