Regulators of growth hormone signaling.
Growth hormone acts through binding to membrane receptors that belong to the cytokine receptor superfamily. Ligand binding induces receptor dimerization and activation of the receptor-associated kinase: JAK2; this results in phosphorylation of the kinase itself, of the receptor, and of many cellular proteins. Among these are the Stat proteins as well as adaptors leading to the activation of the Ras/MAP kinase pathway and of the PI-3 kinase pathway. Activation by growth hormone is very transient and several mechanisms are involved in this downregulation: internalization and degradation of the receptor and recruitment of phosphatases or of specific inhibitors of the JAK/Stat pathway, the SOCS proteins.
Finidori
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INSERM Unit 344, Faculté de Médecine Necker, Paris, France.
D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000502:physiology; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000502:physiology; D019382:Human Growth Hormone / Q000737:chemistry / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D053614:Janus Kinase 2; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000502:physiology; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / Q000502:physiology; D020033:Protein Isoforms; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000502:physiology; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D011986:Receptors, Somatotropin / Q000737:chemistry / Q000502:physiology*; D012097:Repressor Proteins; D050794:STAT1 Transcription Factor; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology*; D000071222:Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling 1 Protein; D050826:Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling Proteins; D015534:Trans-Activators / Q000502:physiology; D018631:ras Proteins / Q000502:physiology
D002352:Carrier Proteins; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D020033:Protein Isoforms; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D011986:Receptors, Somatotropin; D012097:Repressor Proteins; C108944:SOCS1 protein, human; D050794:STAT1 Transcription Factor; C494079:STAT1 protein, human; D000071222:Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling 1 Protein; D050826:Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling Proteins; D015534:Trans-Activators; D019382:Human Growth Hormone; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; C507924:JAK2 protein, human; D053614:Janus Kinase 2; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D018631:ras Proteins