title: Direct adsorption of lipoproteins (DALI) from whole blood: first long-term clinical experience with a new LDL-apheresis system for the treatment of familial hypercholesterolaemia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The DALI (direct adsorption of lipoproteins) LDL-apheresis system is a novel device for the removal of lipoproteins from whole blood.
  
  
  METHODS
  We report the first long-term treatment experience (16.7 +/- 12.6 months; 57 +/- 43 treatments/patient) using different DALI adsorber sizes (DALI-500, DALI-750, DALI-1000) in seven patients with homozygous (n = 1) and severe heterozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia. For each treatment, 1.6 fold of the calculated blood volume was processed. Treatments were scheduled at weekly or two-weekly intervals.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The smallest DALI-500 configuration was unable to achieve sufficient removal of LDL cholesterol, with the adsorber being exhausted already at desorption of 65% of the calculated blood volume. In contrast, both larger adsorber systems effectively removed lipoproteins until the end of treatment. Therefore, the DALI-750 device was used for long-term treatment. LDL cholesterol (mean pretreatment value: 179 +/- 44 mg/dl) was reduced by 73.4 +/- 7.7% and Lp(a) levels (mean pretreatment value: 43 +/- 33 mg/dl) by 69.5 +/- 8.3%. HDL cholesterol (mean pretreatment value: 47 +/- 15 mg/dl) was reduced by 16.3 +/- 8.0% during the treatment. In the long term, LDL cholesterol was reduced by 54.0 +/- 10.5%--from 259 +/- 101 mg/dl to 119 +/- 19 mg/dl. No serious side effects occurred during the treatment. Long-term evaluation of other laboratory parameters showed a reduction in haemoglobin due to treatment-associated blood loss despite frequent iron supplementation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Sufficient reductions in LDL cholesterol and Lp(a) were achieved using the DALI-750 system and the treatment was well tolerated. The easy use and short period of 153 +/- 22 minutes required for each treatment are the major advantages of the DALI system as compared to other available LDL-apheresis devices. Potential particle release from the adsorber into the circulation must be ruled out before the system can be introduced in clinical routine.
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, University of Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jansen
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Banyai
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Schmaldienst
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Goldammer
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rohac
authors.forename: W H
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Hörl
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Derfler
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000924:Anticholesteremic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000069059:Atorvastatin; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D004867:Equipment Design; D005069:Evaluation Studies as Topic; D005260:Female; D006538:Heptanoic Acids / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D006938:Hyperlipoproteinemia Type II / Q000097:blood / Q000628:therapy*; D017270:Lipoprotein(a) / Q000097:blood; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL / Q000097:blood*; D008134:Long-Term Care; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010956:Plasmapheresis / Q000295:instrumentation*; D011758:Pyrroles / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000924:Anticholesteremic Agents; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D006538:Heptanoic Acids; D017270:Lipoprotein(a); D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL; D011758:Pyrroles; D000069059:Atorvastatin