title: HE2beta and HE2gamma, new members of an epididymis-specific family of androgen-regulated proteins in the human.
abstract: HE2 is an epididymis-specific sperm-binding secretory protein. We isolated a family of HE2-related complementary DNAs from a human caput/corpus library. The transcripts code for identical 71-amino acid N-termini and different C-termini, and 5'- and 3'-untranslated regions. Compared with the original HE2, HE2beta and HE2gamma proteins have a 25-amino acid deletion near the C-terminus, and HE2gamma isoforms have a second deletion. These frame-shifting deletions result in C-termini differing in length, amino acid sequence, including number of cysteines, and isoelectric point. Identical sequences and deletion start and stop points indicate the HE2 isoforms are derived from alternative splicing of 8 or more exons of a single gene. Northern hybridization revealed that the 0.9-kb messenger RNA (mRNA) is most abundant in human caput; there is much less of it (20%) in corpus and little (<5%) in cauda. In castrated Macaca mulatta, HE2 mRNA decreased to 10% of sham-operated levels. Testosterone replacement maintained HE2 mRNA 3- to 5-fold higher than castrate levels, indicating its androgen dependence. Immunohistochemical staining revealed that the beta1 form is highly expressed in principal cells of the initial segment and caput. It is secreted into the lumen and binds to the sperm surface in the postacrosomal and neck regions. The beta2 form is expressed in principal cells primarily in efferent ducts.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill 27599-7500, USA.
authors.forename: K G
authors.initials: KG
authors.lastname: Hamil
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sivashanmugam
authors.forename: R T
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Richardson
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Grossman
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Ruben
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Mohler
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Petrusz
authors.forename: M G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: O'Rand
authors.forename: F S
authors.initials: FS
authors.lastname: French
authors.forename: S H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Hall
mesh_terms: D020413:3' Untranslated Regions / Q000235:genetics; D020121:5' Untranslated Regions / Q000235:genetics; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000954:Antigens, Surface / Q000378:metabolism*; D015152:Blotting, Northern; D004822:Epididymis / Q000378:metabolism*; D015723:Gene Library; D006020:Glycopeptides / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010455:Peptides / Q000138:chemical synthesis; D011485:Protein Binding; D012313:RNA / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013094:Spermatozoa / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D020413:3' Untranslated Regions; D020121:5' Untranslated Regions; D000954:Antigens, Surface; D006020:Glycopeptides; D010455:Peptides; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; C087044:SPAG11A protein, human; D012313:RNA