title: Fumigant-related illnesses: Washington State's five-year experience.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Exposure to fumigants may have severe or persistent health effects. Washington State's fumigant-related illnesses were reviewed to better understand the circumstances surrounding exposure and resultant health effects.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fumigant-related illnesses reported to and investigated by the Washington State Department of Health were reviewed. Illnesses considered by Department of Health to be definitely, probably, or possibly related to pesticide exposure were then analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  From 1992-1996, 39 (3.3%) of 1192 definite, probable, or possible cases of pesticide-related illnesses involved exposures to fumigants. Fumigant exposures during this period were to aluminum phosphide (15), methyl bromide (12), metam-sodium (9), and zinc phosphide (3). Symptoms included respiratory problems and eye and/or skin irritation for the majority of exposures, and no deaths were reported. The nature of exposure for these cases included exposure to applicators (17), reentry into a fumigated structure (9), improper storage or disposal (6), reentry into treated agricultural fields (4), drift from treated fields (2), and other (1).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Review of fumigant exposures should be used to prevent future events through continued enforcement of established regulations and training of applicators.
authors.affiliation: Environmental/Occupational Health Unit, University of Arizona Prevention Center, Tucson 85719-4197, USA. jburgess@u.arizona.edu
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Burgess
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Morrissey
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Keifer
authors.forename: W O
authors.initials: WO
authors.lastname: Robertson
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017607:Aluminum Compounds / Q000009:adverse effects; D005651:Fumigation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D006842:Hydrocarbons, Brominated / Q000009:adverse effects; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009784:Occupational Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000453:epidemiology; D010575:Pesticides / Q000009:adverse effects*; D010720:Phosphines / Q000009:adverse effects; D012378:Rodenticides / Q000009:adverse effects; D013859:Thiocarbamates / Q000009:adverse effects; D014861:Washington / Q000453:epidemiology; D017967:Zinc Compounds / Q000009:adverse effects
chemical_list: D017607:Aluminum Compounds; D006842:Hydrocarbons, Brominated; D010575:Pesticides; D010720:Phosphines; D012378:Rodenticides; D013859:Thiocarbamates; D017967:Zinc Compounds; C008435:methyldithiocarbamate; C009701:zinc phosphide; C005218:methyl bromide; C001864:aluminum phosphide