title: Development and evaluation of a direct enzyme immunoassay for oestrone sulphate in urine as a tool for diagnosis of early pregnancy in swine.
abstract: A competitive inhibition-type enzymeimmunoassay (EIA) has been developed using 3-hemisuccinate-oestrone-peroxidase as conjugate for direct measurement of the hormone in swine urine. The method has a minimum detection level at 0.3 ng ml(-1) and satisfactory specificity, recovery and reproducibility. In a field trial with a group of 387 sows (7 in oestrus, 16 non-pregnant and 364 pregnant sows at several stages post service), it was shown that the assay is potentially an accurate pregnancy test in assessing the viability of the fetoplacental unit from day 23 up to day 30 post service. The assay is well suited for routine testing, particularly as a swine early pregnancy diagnosis test since urine sampling is easier and does not disturb the animal, while in the present assay there is no restriction in the time of sampling and the sample storage conditions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, 711 10 Heraklion, Crete, Greece.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Stefanakis
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Boscos
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Alexopoulos
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Krambovitis
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004970:Estrone / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000652:urine; D004971:Estrus; D005260:Female; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary*; D008297:Male; D011247:Pregnancy; D011258:Pregnancy Tests / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary*; D011270:Pregnancy, Animal / Q000502:physiology* / Q000652:urine; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013552:Swine / Q000502:physiology* / Q000652:urine
chemical_list: D004970:Estrone; C017296:estrone sulfate