title: [Ultrafast MRI of lung ventilation using hyperpolarized helium-3].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Assessment of the temporal and spatial dynamics of hyperpolarized Helium-3 (3He) distribution in the lung with ultrafast gradient-echo magnetic-resonance imaging.
  
  
  METHODS
  Coronal images of the lung were acquired using ultrafast gradient-echo pulse sequences with TR/TE = 3.3 ms/1.3 ms (slice thickness, 40 mm) and TR/TE = 2.0 ms/0.7 ms (without slice selection). A series of 80 or 160 projection images was obtained with 210 ms or 130 ms temporal resolution, respectively. Imaging was performed during several respiratory cycles after application of a single bolus of 300 mL hyperpolarized 3He. Measurements were performed in six healthy volunteers (spontaneous breathing).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Different phases of in- and expiration could be visualized. During the course of consecutive respiratory cycles the 3He signal decreased due to dilution of 3He in residual alveolar gas and by inspired air, relaxation due to oxygen and the RF pulses, and due to Helium-3 washout. The signal of a single bolus of 3He was detected in the lung for up to four respiratory cycles. Anatomical structures were better visualized on slice selective images than on images without slice selection.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Distribution of inspired 3He within the tracheobronchial tree and alveolar space and its washout can be visualized by ultrafast imaging of a single bolus of hyperpolarized 3He gas. This method may allow for regional analysis of lung function with temporal and spatial resolution superior to conventional methods.
authors.affiliation: Klinik und Poliklinik für Radiologie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Mainz. wolfgang.schreiber@radiologie.klinik.uni-mainz.de
authors.forename: W G
authors.initials: WG
authors.lastname: Schreiber
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Weiler
authors.forename: H U
authors.initials: HU
authors.lastname: Kauczor
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Markstaller
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Eberle
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hast
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Surkau
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Grossmann
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Deninger
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hanisch
authors.forename: E W
authors.initials: EW
authors.lastname: Otten
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Thelen
mesh_terms: D006371:Helium; D006801:Humans; D007554:Isotopes; D008168:Lung / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000502:physiology*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D012016:Reference Values; D015656:Respiratory Mechanics; D014132:Trachea / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D007554:Isotopes; D006371:Helium