title: Effect of renal impairment on the pharmacokinetics of cilostazol and its metabolites.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The pharmacokinetics of cilostazol were studied in patients with mild, moderate and severe renal impairment and in healthy volunteers after administration of 50 mg single and multiple doses of cilostazol.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was an open-label, single and multiple dose study administering 50 mg cilostazol every 12 hours to healthy volunteers and patients with varying degrees of renal impairment.
  
  
  METHODS
  6 normal volunteers [creatinine clearance (CLCR) > or = 90 ml/min]; 6 patients with mild (CLCR 50 to 89 ml/min), 5 with moderate (CLCR 26 to 49 ml/min) and 6 with severe (CLCR 5 to 25 ml/min) renal impairment.
  
  
  METHODS
  Noncompartmental pharmacokinetic parameters were determined for each study participant.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At steady state, in the severe renal disease group, cilostazol and OPC-13015 peak concentrations (Cmax) were 29 and 41% lower and the areas under the concentration-time curve over the dosage interval (AUC tau) 39 and 47% lower than in the healthy volunteers. Cmax and AUC tau of OPC-13213 were significantly higher, 173 and 209%, respectively, than those in the healthy volunteers. The accumulation ratios were not significantly different between the various renal function groups for cilostazol and its metabolites. The estimated pharmacological activity of cilostazol and its metabolites was similar between the normal volunteers and those with severe renal impairment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A dosage reduction in renally impaired patients is not supported by the pharmacokinetics of cilostazol and its metabolites in this patient group.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Pharmacokinetics/Pharmacodynamics & Metabolism, Otsuka America Pharmaceutical, Inc., Rockville, MD 20850, USA. steveb@mocr.oapi.com
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mallikaarjun
authors.forename: W P
authors.initials: WP
authors.lastname: Forbes
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Bramer
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D019540:Area Under Curve; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D000077407:Cilostazol; D003404:Creatinine / Q000378:metabolism; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D006207:Half-Life; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008657:Metabolic Clearance Rate; D008875:Middle Aged; D012016:Reference Values; D051437:Renal Insufficiency / Q000145:classification / Q000378:metabolism*; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013777:Tetrazoles / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D014665:Vasodilator Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*
chemical_list: D013777:Tetrazoles; D014665:Vasodilator Agents; D003404:Creatinine; D000077407:Cilostazol