title: Sacroiliac joint pain referral zones.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the patterns of pain referral from the sacroiliac joint.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty consecutive patients who satisfied clinical criteria and demonstrated a positive diagnostic response to a fluoroscopically guided sacroiliac joint injection were included. Each patient's preinjection pain description was used to determine areas of pain referral, and 18 potential pain-referral zones were established.
  
  
  METHODS
  Observed areas of pain referral.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eighteen men (36.0%) and 32 women (64.0%) were included with a mean age of 42.5 years (range, 20 to 75 yrs) and a mean symptom duration of 18.2 months (range, 1 to 72 mo). Forty-seven patients (94.0%) described buttock pain, and 36 patients (72.0%) described lower lumbar pain. Groin pain was described in 7 patients (14.0%). Twenty-five patients (50.0%) described associated lower-extremity pain. Fourteen patients (28.0%) described leg pain distal to the knee, and 6 patients (14.0%) reported foot pain. Eighteen patterns of pain referral were observed. A statistically significant relationship was identified between pain location and age, with younger patients more likely to describe pain distal to the knee.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pain referral from the sacroiliac joint does not appear to be limited to the lumbar region and buttock. The variable patterns of pain referral observed may arise for several reasons, including the joint's complex innervation, sclerotomal pain referral, irritation of adjacent structures, and varying locations of injury with the sacroiliac joint.
authors.affiliation: Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 19104, USA.
authors.forename: C W
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Slipman
authors.forename: H B
authors.initials: HB
authors.lastname: Jackson
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Lipetz
authors.forename: K T
authors.initials: KT
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lenrow
authors.forename: E J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Vresilovic
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D017116:Low Back Pain / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010146:Pain / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012446:Sacroiliac Joint; D013577:Syndrome