Dependence of estrogenic activity on the shape of the 4-alkyl substituent in simple phenols.
The ability of certain chemicals to mimic the effects of natural steroid hormones and their potential to disrupt the delicate balance of the endocrine system in animals has attracted much interest in recent years. Alkylphenolic chemicals have been reported to be weakly estrogenic. Estrogen receptor (ER) binding is primarily the result of interaction of the receptor with both a phenolic residue, and a hydrophobic pharmacophore. We have prepared and screened various phenols having a bulky 4-alkyl group, which may interact hydrophobically with the receptor, for estrogenic activity by using a previously described reporter gene assay employing COS-1 cells transfected with rat ER alpha-expression plasmid and an appropriate reporter plasmid. Some of the tested compounds, such as 4-(1-adamantyl)phenol and 4-cycloalkylphenols, exhibited much more potent activity than the typical estrogenic alkylphenol, 4-tert-octylphenol.
Yamakoshi
Y
Y
Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tokyo, Japan.
Otani
Y
Y
Fujii
S
S
Endo
Y
Y
D000818:Animals; D019556:COS Cells; D002522:Chlorocebus aethiops; D020847:Estrogen Receptor Modulators / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D017930:Genes, Reporter / Q000235:genetics; D008156:Luciferases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D010636:Phenols / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D010957:Plasmids / Q000235:genetics; D051381:Rats; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D014162:Transfection / Q000235:genetics
D020847:Estrogen Receptor Modulators; D010636:Phenols; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen; D008156:Luciferases