title: The application of a combined stimulation with CRH and desmopressin during bilateral inferior petrosal sinus sampling in patients with Cushing's syndrome.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Bilateral inferior petrosal sinus sampling (BIPSS) is a useful investigative technique in the differential diagnosis of ACTH-dependent Cushing's syndrome (CS). The diagnostic sensitivity of this procedure is improved by the administration of CRH to stimulate ACTH secretion. It has been reported recently that the combined administration of CRH and desmopressin is a more potent stimulus for ACTH release from corticotroph adenomas. We therefore hypothesized that the combined stimulation of ACTH secretion with CRH plus desmopressin may further improve the diagnostic outcome of this procedure.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To report our experience of the application of combined stimulation with CRH and desmopressin during BIPSS in patients with ACTH-dependent Cushing's syndrome, and to compare these results to those obtained in patients who have undergone BIPSS with CRH stimulation alone.
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied 34 patients with ACTH-dependent CS: 30 with Cushing's disease (CD) and four with occult ectopic ACTH syndrome (oEAS). A combined stimulation with CRH (100 micrograms i.v.) plus desmopressin (10 micrograms i.v.) during BIPSS was performed in 15 patients with CD, while in a different group of 15 patients with CD, BIPSS was performed with CRH stimulation alone (100 micrograms i.v.). In the patients with oEAS, BIPSS was performed with CRH stimulation in three and CRH plus desmopressin in one patient.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In patients with CD the mean peak ACTH levels from the dominant petrosal sinus samples were significantly higher in the group given a combined stimulus than in the group who had only CRH stimulation (mean +/- SD: 1649 +/- 938 vs. 692 +/- 561 ng/l, P < 0. 05). Dominant inferior petrosal sinus/peripheral (IPS/P) ACTH ratios greater than 2 were observed in 15/15 (100%) patients following the combined stimulation with CRH and desmopressin and 13/15 (87%) patients undergoing stimulation with CRH alone. No patient with oEAS had an IPS/P ratio greater than 2. It is of note that the single patient with oEAS studied following a combined stimulation during BIPSS had a IPS/P ratio of less than 2, despite a significant peripheral ACTH and cortisol response.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A combined stimulus using CRH and desmopressin appears to induce a higher ACTH output from pituitary corticotroph adenomas during BIPSS, which may improve the diagnostic sensitivity of this procedure.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Evangelismos Hospital, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tsagarakis
authors.forename: I S
authors.initials: IS
authors.lastname: Kaskarelis
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kokkoris
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Malagari
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Thalassinos
mesh_terms: D000236:Adenoma / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis*; D000324:Adrenocorticotropic Hormone / Q000097:blood*; D000328:Adult; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000097:blood*; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D003346:Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone; D003480:Cushing Syndrome / Q000097:blood*; D003894:Deamino Arginine Vasopressin; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017591:Petrosal Sinus Sampling / Q000379:methods; D010911:Pituitary Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D000324:Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; D003346:Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone; D003894:Deamino Arginine Vasopressin