title: Treatment of peri-implant defects with combination growth factor cement.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The use of growth factor agents in the regeneration of oral tissues is an area of current investigation. Combinations of growth factors have been used synergistically to improve tissue regeneration. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of a combination growth factor cement (GFC) on guided bone regeneration around dental implants.
  
  
  METHODS
  A combination of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2), transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) was used in a bioabsorbable, non-hydroxyapatite, calcium phosphate cement. Five adult hound dogs were used to compare the effects of GFC, plain cement, and control (no cement). The right and left second, third, and fourth mandibular premolar teeth were extracted; the implant osteotomies were prepared; and a uniform circumferential gap was prepared 1.5 mm beyond the width of the implant in the coronal half of the osteotomy for cement placement. Titanium machine-polished dental implants were placed in the prepared sites, and coronal defects were treated according to previously randomized, assigned modality. A bioabsorbable collagen membrane was secured over the control site, and the flaps were closed primarily. The dogs were maintained on a soft diet to avoid soft tissue trauma. The dogs were sacrificed at 3 months. The specimens were sectioned, mounted, and stained with Stevenel's blue and van Gieson's picric fuchsin. The bone-to-implant contact and bone 1 mm peripheral to the implant surface were recorded with a computerized microscopic digitizer.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The findings of this study indicate a significant effect of GFC on increased bone-to-implant contact and amount of bone per surface area compared with the other treatment modalities (P <0.0009). Plain cement demonstrated slight but nonsignificant increases compared with the control (P>0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  GFC increases bone-to-implant contact and bone surface area within peri-implant defects. Further studies may be beneficial to determine the feasibility of its use for other regenerative applications.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dental Specialties, Mayo Clinic and Mayo Foundation, Rochester, MN, USA.
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Meraw
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Reeve
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Lohse
authors.forename: T M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Sioussat
mesh_terms: D020341:Absorbable Implants; D016301:Alveolar Bone Loss / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000601:surgery; D000818:Animals; D001641:Bicuspid; D001843:Bone Cements; D055396:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2; D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002130:Calcium Phosphates; D003094:Collagen; D004396:Coloring Agents; D003758:Dental Implantation, Endosseous; D015921:Dental Implants; D004285:Dogs; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D016222:Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006133:Growth Substances / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016557:Guided Tissue Regeneration, Periodontal; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008297:Male; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D016348:Osseointegration; D010982:Platelet-Derived Growth Factor / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011897:Random Allocation; D014025:Titanium; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D001843:Bone Cements; D055396:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2; D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins; D002130:Calcium Phosphates; D004396:Coloring Agents; D015921:Dental Implants; D006133:Growth Substances; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D010982:Platelet-Derived Growth Factor; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; C485828:alpha-tricalcium phosphate; C485830:tetracalcium phosphate; D016222:Fibroblast Growth Factor 2; C485838:calcium phosphate, monobasic, anhydrous; D003094:Collagen; C020243:calcium phosphate; D014025:Titanium; C485829:calcium phosphate, dibasic, anhydrous