title: Quantification of aqueous melanin granules, intraocular pressure and glaucomatous damage in primary pigment dispersion syndrome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Aqueous melanin granules may be accurately quantified with the laser flare-cell meter and have been demonstrated to be increased in primary pigment dispersion syndrome (PDS). It was the aim of this study to correlate intraocular pressure, glaucomatous damage of the optic nerve head, and visual field defects with the number of aqueous melanin granules in PDS.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-nine eyes of 21 patients with PDS and either ocular hypertension or pigmentary glaucoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 24-hour intraocular pressure (IOP) profile, automated perimetry (Octopus G1), and analysis of photostereographs and HRT (Heidelberg Retina Tomograph) images of the optic disc were performed. Aqueous melanin granules were quantified using the cell count mode of the laser flare-cell meter (KOWA FC-1000) with undilated and dilated pupils. Granule counts were correlated with maximum and mean IOP, maximum range (amplitude) of IOP, mean defect of automated perimetry (G1-program), and damage to the optic disc was measured with the HRT.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The number of aqueous melanin granules showed a strong correlation with maximum IOP in both undilated (r = 0.72, P < 0.001) and dilated eyes (r = 0.5, P = 0.02). A marginal correlation was found with the IOP range (r = 0.43, P = 0.04) and the mean defect of automated perimetry (r = 0.41, P = 0.06) in undilated eyes. The mean IOP and HRT measurements of the optic disc (area, volume of the neuroretinal rim, third moment in contour) showed no statistically significant correlation with the number of aqueous melanin granules (r < 0.4, P > 0.2).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A larger number of aqueous melanin granules is strongly associated with high IOP and also with visual field loss, providing additional evidence of the relation between aqueous melanin dispersion and development of pigmentary glaucoma. Quantification of aqueous melanin granules with the laser flare-cell meter might be useful for evaluation of treatment effects, including laser iridotomy, in patients with PDS.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology and University Eye Hospital, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany.
authors.forename: C Y
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Mardin
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Küchle
authors.forename: N X
authors.initials: NX
authors.lastname: Nguyen
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Martus
authors.forename: G O
authors.initials: GO
authors.lastname: Naumann
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001082:Aqueous Humor / Q000378:metabolism*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D017889:Exfoliation Syndrome / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D005902:Glaucoma, Open-Angle / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D007429:Intraocular Pressure; D007834:Lasers; D008297:Male; D008543:Melanins / Q000378:metabolism*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009898:Optic Disk / Q000473:pathology; D014786:Vision Disorders / Q000473:pathology; D058609:Visual Field Tests; D014794:Visual Fields
chemical_list: D008543:Melanins