title: Accuracy of energy intake data estimated by a multiple-pass, 24-hour dietary recall technique.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study examined the accuracy of a multiple-pass, 24-hour dietary recall method for estimating energy intakes of men and women by comparing it with energy intake required for weight maintenance.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three-day, multiple-pass, 24-hour recalls were obtained on randomly selected days during a self-selected diet period when subjects were preparing their own meals and during a controlled diet period when all meals were provided by the study. During the dietary intervention, weight was maintained; body weight and dietary intake were monitored closely, thereby allowing estimation of the energy intake required for weight maintenance.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventy-eight men and women (22 to 67 years old) from the Dietary Effects on Lipoprotein and Thrombogenic Activity (DELTA) study participated in this study. All 24-hour recalls were collected using a computer-assisted, interactive, multiple-pass telephone interview technique. Energy requirements for each individual were determined by the energy content of the DELTA study foods provided to maintain weight.
  
  
  METHODS
  Paired and independent t tests were conducted to examine differences among study variables. Agreement between recalled energy intake and weight maintenance energy intake was analyzed using the Bland-Altman technique.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with weight maintenance energy intake, during the self-selected diet period men and women underestimated energy intake by 11% and 13%, respectively. During the controlled diet period, men underestimated energy intake by 13%, whereas women overestimated energy by 1.3%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Men had a tendency to under-estimate energy intake irrespective of the recording period. The accuracy of the recalled energy intake of women may be influenced by recording circumstances. Researchers should examine the factors influencing underreporting and overreporting by individuals and their impact on macronutrient and micronutrient intakes. Also, strategies need to be developed to minimize underreporting and overreporting.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, Georgia State University, Atlanta 30303-3083, USA.
authors.forename: S S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Jonnalagadda
authors.forename: D C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Mitchell
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Smiciklas-Wright
authors.forename: K B
authors.initials: KB
authors.lastname: Meaker
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Van Heel
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Karmally
authors.forename: A G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Ershow
authors.forename: P M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Kris-Etherton
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015982:Bias; D001835:Body Weight; D015930:Diet Records; D002149:Energy Intake; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D008297:Male; D011939:Mental Recall; D008875:Middle Aged; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013689:Telephone