title: Differential regulation of mammalian brain-specific proline transporter by calcium and calcium-dependent protein kinases.
abstract: 1. This study examined the role of [Ca2+]I and Ca(2+)-dependent kinases in the modulation of high-affinity, mammalian brain-specific L-proline transporter (PROT). 2. beta-PMA (phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate), an activator of protein kinase C (PKC), inhibits PRO uptake, and bisindolymalemide I (BIM), a potent PKC inhibitor, prevents beta-PMA inhibition. Down-regulation of PKC by chronic treatment with beta-PMA enhances PROT function indicating PROT regulation by tonic activity of PKC. 3. Thapsigargin, which increases [Ca2+]I levels by inhibiting Ca(2+)-ATPase, inhibits PROT and exhibits additive inhibition when co-treated with beta-PMA. KN-62, a Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent kinase II (CaMK II) inhibitor, but not BIM (a PKC inhibitor) prevents the inhibition by thapsigargin. These data suggest that PKC and CaMK II modulate PROT and that thapsigargin mediates its effect via CaMK II. 4. Thapsigargin raises [Ca2+]I and increases PRO-induced current on a second time scale, whereas the inhibitory effect of thapsigargin occurs only after 10 min of treatment. These data suggest that Ca2+ differentially regulate PROT: Ca2+ initially enhances PRO transport but eventually inhibits transport function through CaMK II pathway. 5. Ca(2+)-induced stimulation exemplifies the acute regulation of a neurotransmitter transporter, which may play a critical role in the profile of neurotransmitters during synaptic transmission.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-660, USA.
authors.forename: L D
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Jayanthi
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Montalvo
authors.forename: L J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: DeFelice
mesh_terms: D026921:Amino Acid Transport Systems, Neutral; D001923:Brain Chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D002118:Calcium / Q000502:physiology*; D017871:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000502:physiology*; D002460:Cell Line; D018076:DNA, Complementary / Q000235:genetics; D015536:Down-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D020536:Enzyme Activators; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D007202:Indicators and Reagents; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D009435:Synaptic Transmission / Q000502:physiology; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate / Q000494:pharmacology; D019284:Thapsigargin / Q000494:pharmacology; D014162:Transfection
chemical_list: D026921:Amino Acid Transport Systems, Neutral; D018076:DNA, Complementary; D020536:Enzyme Activators; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D007202:Indicators and Reagents; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins; D019284:Thapsigargin; C033082:proline transporter; D017871:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate; D002118:Calcium