title: Effect of temperature, pH, and ions on sweet taste.
abstract: The purpose of this experiment was to determine the effects of temperature (50 degrees C and 6 degrees C), pH (pH 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, 6. 0, and 7.0) and the addition of monovalent and divalent cations (5 mM Na(+), 5 mM K(+), and 5 mM Ca(2)+ ) on the sweetness intensity ratings of sweeteners ranging widely in chemical structure. A trained panel provided intensity evaluations for prototypical tastes (sweet, bitter, sour, and salty) as well as aromatic and mouth-feel attributes. The following sweeteners were included in this experiment: three sugars (fructose, glucose, sucrose), three terpenoid glycosides (monoammonium glycyrrhizinate, rebaudioside-A, stevioside), two polyhydric alcohols (mannitol, sorbitol), two dipeptide derivatives (alitame, aspartame), two N-sulfonylamides (acesulfame-K, sodium saccharin), one sulfamate (sodium cyclamate), one protein (thaumatin), one dihydrochalcone (neohesperidin dihydrochalcone), and one chlorodeoxysugar (sucralose). Two to five levels of each sweetener reflecting a range of sweetness intensities were tested, using formulae developed by DuBois et al. The main finding from this three-part study was that temperature, pH, and ions had little effect on perceived sweetness intensity. Even when significant differences were found in the temperature study, the effects were very small.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Duke University Medical School, Box 3259, Durham, NC 27710, USA. sss@acpub.duke.edu
authors.forename: S S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Schiffman
authors.forename: E A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Sattely-Miller
authors.forename: B G
authors.initials: BG
authors.lastname: Graham
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Bennett
authors.forename: B J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Booth
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Desai
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Bishay
mesh_terms: D002118:Calcium / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011188:Potassium / Q000494:pharmacology; D012964:Sodium / Q000494:pharmacology; D013549:Sweetening Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013649:Taste / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D013696:Temperature
chemical_list: D013549:Sweetening Agents; D012964:Sodium; D011188:Potassium; D002118:Calcium