title: Sentinel node biopsy guided by indocyanine green dye in breast cancer patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We aimed to evaluate whether dye-guided sentinel node biopsy is a useful indicator of axillary node involvement in breast cancer patients and whether clinicopathological features affect its success in identifying sentinel nodes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sentinel node biopsy was performed in patients with stage I or II breast cancer using an indocyanin green dye-guided method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We could identify sentinel nodes in 127 (73.8%) of 172 patients. The mean number of sentinel nodes per patient was 1.7 (range, 1-8) and the mean node size was 9.3 mm (range, 3.0-28.0 mm). Of the 127 patients, 40 (31.5%) also had axillary node involvement. In 16 (40.0%) of these, the sentinel node was the only node involved. There was concordance between sentinel node and axillary node status in 122 (96.1%) of the 127 patients. Success in identifying sentinel nodes was not affected by tumor size, operative procedure, histological type of tumor or tumor location; however, the success rate was significantly lower in patients with axillary node involvement (65.7 vs 79.0% in axillary node-negative patients, p = 0.039) and the presence or absence of lymphatic or vascular invasion in the tumor (63.8 vs 78.9% in patients without lymphatic or vascular invasion, p = 0.043). Sentinel nodes could also be identified significantly more frequently in patients under 50 years old (83.3%) than in those over 50 years old (64.8%, p = 0.009).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Sentinel node biopsy guided by indocyanin green dye is an easy technique with an acceptable success rate in detecting sentinel nodes and predicting axillary nodal status. Axillary node status, the presence or absence of lymphatic or vascular invasion in the tumor and patient age affect its success in identifying sentinel nodes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Osaka Medical Center for Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseases, Japan.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Motomura
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Inaji
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Komoike
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kasugai
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Noguchi
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Koyama
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D001365:Axilla; D001706:Biopsy / Q000379:methods; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000098:blood supply / Q000473:pathology*; D018270:Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast / Q000098:blood supply / Q000473:pathology* / Q000556:secondary; D004396:Coloring Agents; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007208:Indocyanine Green; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000473:pathology*; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008875:Middle Aged; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness
chemical_list: D004396:Coloring Agents; D007208:Indocyanine Green