title: Light-sensitive voltage responses in the neurons of the cerebral ganglion of Ciona savignyi (Chordata: Ascidiacea).
abstract: Light-responsive behaviors such as siphon contraction (1), phototropism (2), and gamete release (3, 4) have been described in several ascidian species. The pigmented spots around the siphon openers (5), the epithelial cells of the sperm duct (6, 7), and the cerebral ganglion (8) have been suggested to be the photoreceptor candidates underlying these behaviors. However, these arguments have not yet been settled because no direct electrophysiological recordings of light-induced receptor potentials have been reported. In this study, we focused on the cerebral ganglion and performed intracellular recordings from the neurons in the ventral side of the cerebral ganglion in an isolated in vitro preparation of the neural complex in Ciona savignyi. We found that 24% (n = 115) of the recorded neurons showed various types of voltage responses to light stimuli. Almost all (27/28) of the recorded voltage responses were "on" responses that included hyperpolarizing and depolarizing responses and could be categorized into five types, except for a complex response recorded in one cell; the remaining one (1/28) was a depolarizing "off" response. This is the first report of electrophysiological recordings of light-sensitive voltage responses from ascidian cerebral ganglion neurons.
authors.affiliation: Misaki Marine Biological Station, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, Kanagawa, Japan.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tsutsui
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Oka
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004553:Electric Conductivity; D017952:Ganglia, Invertebrate / Q000502:physiology*; D008027:Light; D008564:Membrane Potentials / Q000502:physiology; D009474:Neurons / Q000502:physiology*; D010775:Photic Stimulation; D014561:Urochordata / Q000502:physiology*