title: A novel locus for Leber congenital amaurosis (LCA4) with anterior keratoconus mapping to chromosome 17p13.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A two-generation consanguineous Pakistani family with autosomal recessive Leber congenital amaurosis (LCA, MIM 204,000) and keratoconus was identified. All affected individuals have bilateral keratoconus and congenital pigmentary retinopathy. The goal of this study was to link the disease phenotype in this family.
  
  
  METHODS
  Genomic DNA was amplified across the polymorphic microsatellite poly-CA regions identified by markers. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products were separated by nondenaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Alleles were assigned to individuals, which allowed calculation of LOD scores using the Cyrillic and MLINK software program. The retinal guanylate cyclase (RETGC-1, GDB symbol GUC2D) and pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) genes were analyzed by heteroduplex analysis and direct sequencing for mutations in diseased individuals.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Based on a whole genome linkage analysis the first locus for this combined phenotype has been mapped to chromosome 17p13. Linkage analysis gave a two point LOD score of 3.21 for marker D17S829. Surrounding this marker is a region of homozygosity of 15.77 cM, between the markers D17S1866 and D17S960; however, the crossover for the marker D17S1529 refines the region to 10.77 cM within which the disease gene is predicted to lie. Mutation screening of the nearby RETGC-1 gene, which has been shown to be associated with LCA1, revealed no mutations in the affected individuals of this family. Similarly, another prime candidate in the region PEDF was also screened for mutations. The factor has been shown to be involved in the photoreceptor differentiation and neuronal survival. No mutations were found in this gene either. Furthermore, RETGC-1 was physically excluded from the critical disease region based on the existing physical map.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It is therefore suggested that this combined phenotype maps to a new locus and is due to an as yet uncharacterized gene within the 17p13 chromosomal region.
authors.affiliation: Dr. A.Q. Khan Research Laboratories, Biomedical and Genetic Engineering Division, Islamabad, Pakistan.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hameed
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Khaliq
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ismail
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Anwar
authors.forename: N D
authors.initials: ND
authors.lastname: Ebenezer
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Jordan
authors.forename: S Q
authors.initials: SQ
authors.lastname: Mehdi
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Payne
authors.forename: S S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Bhattacharya
mesh_terms: D001766:Blindness / Q000151:congenital*; D002874:Chromosome Mapping; D002886:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 17 / Q000235:genetics*; D003241:Consanguinity; D004252:DNA Mutational Analysis; D017931:DNA Primers / Q000737:chemistry; D005136:Eye Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D008040:Genetic Linkage; D006162:Guanylate Cyclase / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D007640:Keratoconus / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D008126:Lod Score; D008297:Male; D018895:Microsatellite Repeats; D009414:Nerve Growth Factors; D015418:Optic Atrophies, Hereditary / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D010375:Pedigree; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011506:Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; D015843:Serpins / Q000235:genetics; D000099174:Pigment Epithelium-Derived Factor
chemical_list: D017931:DNA Primers; D005136:Eye Proteins; D006162:Guanylate Cyclase; D009414:Nerve Growth Factors; D011506:Proteins; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; D015843:Serpins; D000099174:Pigment Epithelium-Derived Factor; C110715:guanylate cyclase 1