title: Assessment of ileal pouch inflammation by single-stool calprotectin assay.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Assessment of inflammation within the ileal pouch to establish a diagnosis of "pouchitis" requires both pouch endoscopy and biopsy because there can be a poor correlation between macroscopic and histologic assessments of inflammation. A simplified diagnostic test would be of clinical advantage. Calprotectin is a stable myelomonocytic protein, measurable in feces. It quantitatively relates to inflammation within the gastrointestinal tract. This study was designed to compare single and 24-hour stool measurements of calprotectin in patients with and without evidence of ileal pouch inflammation with endoscopic, histologic, and immunohistochemical indices.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-four-hour stool collections were made in ileal pouch patients, 9 with and 15 without (7 with ulcerative colitis and 8 with familial polyposis coli) evidence of pouch inflammation. First-morning stool concentration and total 24-hour calprotectin were quantified by use of a single step enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Biopsies from the reservoir were taken for conventional histology and scoring of intraepithelial neutrophil infiltrate. Cells positive for CD3, CD45RO, CD14, and CD15 within the lamina propria were quantified by use of immunohistochemistry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean first-morning stool calprotectin concentration correlated with the 24-hour level (r = 0.91; P = <0.0001). The median single-stool calprotectin concentrations were 39 mg/l, 4 mg/l, and 8.5 mg/l (normal range, 0.2-10 mg/l) in patients with inflamed, noninflamed ulcerative colitis, and familial adenomatous polyposis, respectively. All nine patients with endoscopic and histologic evidence of pouch inflammation had raised stool calprotectin. Two of 15 patients without evidence of pouch inflammation had abnormal stool calprotectin. Single-stool calprotectin concentration correlated with the percentage of mature granulocytes (CD15; r = 0.46; P = 0.04) and activated macrophages (CD14; r = 0.65; P = 0.006), but not memory T cells (CD45RO; r = -0.05; P = 0.4) within the lamina propria.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Single first-morning stool calprotectin levels provide a quantitative measure of pouch inflammation, which may be helpful in the diagnosis and assessment of pouchitis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, St. Mark's and Northwick Park Hospitals, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Rihani
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Røseth
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sigthorsson
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Price
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Nicholls
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Bjarnason
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis; D001706:Biopsy; D002135:Calcium-Binding Proteins / Q000032:analysis*; D003113:Colonoscopy; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005243:Feces / Q000737:chemistry*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D039841:Leukocyte L1 Antigen Complex; D008264:Macrophages / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000032:analysis*; D019006:Neural Cell Adhesion Molecules / Q000032:analysis*; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000473:pathology; D019449:Pouchitis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000378:metabolism; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D002135:Calcium-Binding Proteins; D039841:Leukocyte L1 Antigen Complex; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D019006:Neural Cell Adhesion Molecules