title: DNA ploidy analysis of urinary tract epithelial tumors by laser scanning cytometry.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate a rapid and simple method for DNA content analysis of urinary tract epithelial tumors with laser scanning cytometry (LSC).
  
  
  METHODS
  The subjects were 25 patients (37 specimens) who underwent surgery for urinary tract epithelial tumors. Tissue specimens of such tumors were frozen immediately after tumor resection and stored at -80 degrees C until used. Touch preparations were made and fixed in ethanol at room temperature. The cell nucleus was stained with propidium iodide solution containing RNase, and DNA ploidy was analyzed by LSC. Nuclear debris and overlapping nuclei were gated out by special statistical filters. In LSC, a normal diploid reference peak was determined by observing lymphocytes morphologically on the computer display of the instrument and/or under the microscope.
  
  
  RESULTS
  DNA ploidy could be evaluated in all tumor tissues. The time it took from preparing the tumor specimen to the last measurement was about 40 minutes at the shortest, and measurement of all the specimens was completed within one hour. The coefficient of variation was 2.8-7.8% (mean, 4.4%). All eight specimens (100%) at grade 1 (G1) were DNA diploid, but 20% and 85.7% of the G2 and G3 cells, respectively, were DNA aneuploid. In total, 15 of the 37 specimens were DNA aneuploid. All 17 pTa-pT1 specimens (100%) were DNA diploid, but 100% and 50% of the T2 and T3 tumors, respectively, were DNA aneuploid.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  One can now supplement a morphologic diagnosis with useful information using LSC of touch preparations of tumors obtained at surgery or of imprints of archived, frozen specimens. LSC provides excellent DNA histograms for surgical specimens and has great potential for clinical application in pathology.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan. kawamura@kanazawa-med.ac.jp
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kawamura
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ikeda
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fujikawa-Yamamoto
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Suzuki
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000235:genetics* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000235:genetics / Q000648:ultrastructure; D015925:Cryopreservation / Q000592:standards; D005069:Evaluation Studies as Topic; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D019044:Image Cytometry / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D008867:Microtomy; D008875:Middle Aged; D009092:Mucous Membrane / Q000648:ultrastructure; D011003:Ploidies; D014516:Ureteral Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000648:ultrastructure; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000648:ultrastructure; D014571:Urologic Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000648:ultrastructure