title: Immunomodulation by 8-week voluntary exercise in mice.
abstract: This study was designed to evaluate the effects of voluntary exercise on macrophage and lymphocyte functions in mice. Male A/He inbred mice aged 19 weeks were divided into two groups: a group given voluntary exercise and a control group (n = 10 in each group). Exercise consisted of spontaneous running in wheels for 8 weeks (3 days week-1). Glucose consumption of peritoneal macrophages in the exercise group during incubation up to 72 h was significantly higher than that in the control group (70 and 13%, respectively). Also, activities of acid phosphatase (APH) (10.75 +/- 0.37 IU), beta-glucuronidase (GLU) (1.55 +/- 0.07 IU) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) (43.3 +/- 0.7 IU) in the peritoneal macrophages in the exercise group was significantly increased (P < 0.01). Compared with the control group, the exercise group had a significant increase of about twofold in macrophage production of nitric oxide (NO2-) stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (11.1 +/- 0.1 vs. 5.9 +/- 0.1 microM mL-1 in exercise and control groups, respectively; P < 0.01). Stimulation indices both by concanavalin A (Con A) and phytohaemagglutinin were also significantly higher in the exercise group (P < 0.01). A significant increase in the splenocyte production of interleukin-2 (IL-2) stimulated by Con A was noticed in the exercise group (354.1 +/- 28.8 vs. 218.9 +/- 23.5 pg mL-1 in exercise and control groups, respectively; P < 0.01). These findings suggest that voluntary exercise enhances not only macrophage function but also lymphocyte responsiveness in mice. In the studies of voluntary exercise, evaluation of NO2- production, as an indicator of macrophage function, is recommended.
authors.affiliation: Department of Health and Physical Education, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 5-6-1 Mitahora higashi, Gifu, Japan.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sugiura
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nishida
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Inaba
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Mirbod
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Iwata
mesh_terms: D000135:Acid Phosphatase / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D003208:Concanavalin A / Q000494:pharmacology; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D005966:Glucuronidase / Q000378:metabolism; D007109:Immunity; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase / Q000378:metabolism; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D008262:Macrophage Activation; D017737:Macrophages, Peritoneal / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008805:Mice, Inbred A; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000276:immunology; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000096:biosynthesis; D005082:Physical Exertion / Q000502:physiology*; D010835:Phytohemagglutinins / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D007376:Interleukin-2; D010835:Phytohemagglutinins; D003208:Concanavalin A; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; D000135:Acid Phosphatase; D005966:Glucuronidase; D005947:Glucose