title: Erosion of deciduous and permanent dental hard tissue in the oral environment.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objectives of this study were two-fold: (1) to determine (by surfometry) loss of deciduous and permanent enamel and dentine following consumption of a single low pH orange drink for 15days; and (2) to determine (by surfometry) loss of deciduous and permanent enamel and dentine following consumption of the product 2 versus 4 times per day for 15days.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixteen healthy volunteers participated in a single centre, single blind, 2-phase crossover study, conducted according to Good Clinical Practice, and employing the validated model described by West and co-workers (Journal of Dentistry 1998; 26:329-335).
  
  
  RESULTS
  In all tissues, erosion was progressive over time, the pattern being more linear in enamel than in dentine. In general, erosion of deciduous enamel was greater than that of permanent enamel, though this difference was significant only for those specimens exposed to 4 drinks per day. Conversely, erosion of dentine was generally greater in the permanent tissue, though differences rarely reached conventional levels of statistical significance. Increasing frequency of consumption resulted in increased loss of tissue, but this difference was neither proportional nor consistently statistically significant.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It is concluded that statistically significant differences in susceptibility of deciduous and permanent enamel to erosion appear to emerge over time and with increasing frequency of consumption. This is of importance clinically given the reduced dimensions of the deciduous dentition and the element of 'abuse' of soft drinks by the child population. Further development of soft drinks with low erosive potential is recommended.
authors.affiliation: Dental Health and Development, University of Wales College of Medicine Dental School, Heath Park, Cardiff, UK. hunterml@cf.ac.uk
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Hunter
authors.forename: N X
authors.initials: NX
authors.lastname: West
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Hughes
authors.forename: R G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Newcombe
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Addy
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D002253:Carbonated Beverages / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002957:Citrus / Q000009:adverse effects*; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D003743:Dental Enamel / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D003804:Dentin / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D019229:Dentition, Permanent; D004198:Disease Susceptibility; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008297:Male; D013499:Surface Properties; D013997:Time Factors; D014077:Tooth Erosion / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology; D014094:Tooth, Deciduous / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology