title: Endoscopic and ultrasonographic evaluation of the maxillary sinus after combined sinus floor augmentation and implant insertion.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of our study was a radiographic, endoscopic, and ultrasound follow-up of the maxillary sinus comparing 2 techniques of sinus floor augmentation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sonograms, radiographs (Waters' view) of the sinuses, and endoscopy served before and during surgery to evaluate the maxillary sinus. One week after the operation, ultrasound and radiograph follow-up (Waters' view) were carried out. Six months after the operation, we performed an ultrasound follow-up along with uncovering the implants. If any pathologic condition was found, we took another x-ray film of the sinuses, performed another endoscopic examination, or both.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In 23 of 63 patients, healing was uneventful. Waters' view revealed opacification of the maxillary sinus 1 week after surgery in 40 cases when the "window technique" was used. Sinusitis occurred 3 times, as a result of migration of bone chips in 2 patients. We lost 11 of 132 inserted implants during the healing and loading periods.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Endoscope-controlled sinus floor augmentation may lower the complication rate in a remaining height of the jaws between 4 and 8 mm. In our group of patients, we proved by endoscopic examination that migration of cancellous bone sequestra was the reason for sinusitis. In case of infected bone grafts with antral symptoms, sinoscopy allowed debridement and removal of a sequestrum.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery at Erlangen-Nuremberg University, Germany. jörg.wiltfang@mkg.med.uni-erlangen.de
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wiltfang
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Schultze-Mosgau
authors.forename: H A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Merten
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kessler
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ludwig
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Engelke
mesh_terms: D000540:Alveolar Ridge Augmentation / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D018786:Bone Substitutes / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016025:Bone Transplantation; D002130:Calcium Phosphates / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003758:Dental Implantation, Endosseous; D019232:Dental Restoration Failure; D017886:Durapatite / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004724:Endoscopy; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007430:Intraoperative Care; D008297:Male; D008437:Maxilla / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D008443:Maxillary Sinus / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D015523:Maxillary Sinusitis / Q000209:etiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D019060:Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011859:Radiography; D014463:Ultrasonography
chemical_list: D018786:Bone Substitutes; D002130:Calcium Phosphates; C485828:alpha-tricalcium phosphate; C485830:tetracalcium phosphate; C485838:calcium phosphate, monobasic, anhydrous; D017886:Durapatite; C020243:calcium phosphate; C485829:calcium phosphate, dibasic, anhydrous