title: Cervical diskography: analysis of provoked responses at C2-C3, C3-C4, and C4-C5.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Previous authors have described the locations of provoked responses to cervical diskography from C3-C4 to C6-C7, but we have found no description of the findings at C2-C3. This study was undertaken to analyze the sensations provoked during cervical diskography at C2-C3 and to compare the results with those provoked at C3-C4 and C4-C5.
  
  
  METHODS
  The locations of diskographically provoked responses from 40 consecutive patients who had undergone C2-C3, C3-C4, and C4-C5 diskography were analyzed. Only intensely painful (> or = 7/10) and concordant responses were considered. Disk morphology on MR images and diskograms was also compared with the provoked responses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eighteen subjects described either unilateral (n = 10) or bilateral (usually asymmetric) (n = 8) concordant pain at the craniovertebral junction in response to C2-C3 diskography. Nine subjects described either unilateral (n = 5) or bilateral (n = 4) neck pain during injection. Cephalalgia or head pain was provoked in 19 subjects, seven bilaterally. Four subjects described either unilateral (n = 3) or bilateral (n = 1) trapezius muscle and/or shoulder pain. Preliminary MR studies were not helpful, as most C2-C3 disks either appeared normal or exhibited nonspecific signs of degeneration. All disks exhibited either fissuring or extradiskal leakage of contrast material at diskography, regardless of the response provoked.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Diskography at C2-C3 and C3-C4 frequently produces pain sensations in the head, craniovertebral junction, and neck. There is no correlation between C2-C3 disk morphology and the diskographically provoked response.
authors.affiliation: Center for Diagnostic Imaging, St. Louis Park, MN 55416, USA.
authors.forename: K P
authors.initials: KP
authors.lastname: Schellhas
authors.forename: T A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Garvey
authors.forename: B A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Rothbart
authors.forename: S R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Pollei
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002574:Cervical Vertebrae / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D006261:Headache / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D007403:Intervertebral Disc / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D007405:Intervertebral Disc Displacement / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011859:Radiography; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity