title: Threonine requirement of young men determined by indicator amino acid oxidation with use of L-[1-(13)C]phenylalanine.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Threonine is an indispensable amino acid with a complex degradative pathway. Use of the indicator amino acid oxidation technique should provide an estimate of the threonine requirement that is not affected by its metabolic pathway.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Our objective was to determine the requirement for threonine in men by using the indicator amino acid oxidation method and to provide statistical estimates of the population mean and 95% CIs of the threonine requirement. We hypothesized that the current World Health Organization estimate of the threonine requirement, 7 mg*kg(-)(1)*d(-)(1) (based on nitrogen balance studies), is too low.
  
  
  METHODS
  Six healthy men each received 6 different threonine intakes while consuming an energy-sufficient diet with 1.0 g L-amino acid mixture*kg(-)(1)*d(-)(1). The effect of graded alterations in dietary threonine intake on phenylalanine flux and oxidation was studied by using L-[1-(13)C]phenylalanine as the indicator amino acid.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results of two-phase linear regression crossover analysis showed that the mean threonine requirement, based on indicator oxidation, was 19.0 mg*kg(-)(1)*d(-)(1) with an upper safe intake of 26.2 mg*kg(-)(1)*d(-)(1).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This is the first application of the indicator amino acid oxidation technique in humans to study the requirement for an indispensable amino acid with a complex degradative pathway. We found that the upper safe intake for 95% of the population is almost 4-fold higher than the current World Health Organization estimate.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Nutritional Sciences and Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Canada.
authors.forename: D C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rafii
authors.forename: R O
authors.initials: RO
authors.lastname: Ball
authors.forename: P B
authors.initials: PB
authors.lastname: Pencharz
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000596:Amino Acids / Q000378:metabolism*; D002247:Carbon Isotopes; D004032:Diet; D002149:Energy Intake; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D009751:Nutritional Requirements; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010649:Phenylalanine / Q000378:metabolism; D013912:Threonine / Q000008:administration & dosage*
chemical_list: D000596:Amino Acids; D002247:Carbon Isotopes; D013912:Threonine; D010649:Phenylalanine