title: The insulinotropic mechanism of the novel hypoglycaemic agent JTT-608: direct enhancement of Ca(2+) efficacy and increase of Ca(2+) influx by phosphodiesterase inhibition.
abstract: We examined the effects of the novel hypoglycaemic agent JTT-608 [trans-4-(4-methylcyclohexyl)-4-oxobutyric acid] on insulin secretion using rat pancreatic islets, and analysed the mechanism of its effect. JTT-608 augmented 8.3 mM glucose-induced insulin secretion dose-dependently, and there was a stimulatory effect of 100 microM JTT-608 at both moderate and high concentrations (8.3, 11. 1 and 16.7 mM) of glucose, but not at low concentrations (3.3 and 5. 5 mM). In perifusion experiments, both phases of insulin release were enhanced, and the effect was eliminated 10 min after withdrawal of the agent. In the presence of 200 microM diazoxide and a depolarizing concentration (30 mM) of K(+), there was an augmentation of insulin secretion by 100 microM JTT-608, not only under high levels of glucose but also under low levels, and the effects were abolished by 10 microM nitrendipine. JTT-608 augmented insulin secretion from electrically permeabilized islets in the presence of stimulatory concentrations (0.3 and 1.0 microM) of Ca(2+), and the intracellular Ca(2+) concentration ([Ca(2+)](i)) response under 16.7 mM glucose, 200 microM diazoxide, and 30 mM K(+) was also increased. The cyclic AMP content in the islets was increased by 100 microM JTT-608, and an additive effect to 1 microM forskolin was observed, but not to 50 microM 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX). JTT-608 inhibited phosphodiesterase (PDE) activity dose-dependently. We conclude that JTT-608 augments insulin secretion by enhancing Ca(2+) efficacy and by increasing Ca(2+) influx. This appears to be a result of the increased intracellular cyclic AMP concentration due to PDE inhibition.
authors.affiliation: Department of Metabolism & Clinical Nutrition, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Shogoin Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-tu, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Mukai
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ishida
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fujimoto
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kajikawa
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Okamoto
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fujita
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hamamoto
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tsuura
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yamada
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Furukawa
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ohta
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Seino
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002087:Butyrates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism*; D020013:Calcium Signaling / Q000187:drug effects*; D000242:Cyclic AMP / Q000378:metabolism; D003510:Cyclohexanes / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004357:Drug Synergism; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D016257:Fura-2; D005947:Glucose / Q000494:pharmacology; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007328:Insulin / Q000378:metabolism*; D000078790:Insulin Secretion; D007515:Islets of Langerhans / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D010726:Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010727:Phosphoric Diester Hydrolases / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar
chemical_list: D002087:Butyrates; D003510:Cyclohexanes; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007328:Insulin; D010726:Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors; D000242:Cyclic AMP; D010727:Phosphoric Diester Hydrolases; D005947:Glucose; D002118:Calcium; D016257:Fura-2; C116719:4-(4-methylcyclohexyl)-4-oxobutyric acid