title: P2Y receptor regulation of PAI-1 expression in vascular smooth muscle cells.
abstract: P2Y-type purine and pyrimidine nucleotide receptors play important roles in the regulation of vascular hemostasis. In this article, the regulation of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) expression in rat aortic smooth muscle cells (RASMCs) by adenine and uridine nucleotides was examined and compared. Northern analysis revealed that RASMCs express multiple P2Y receptor subtypes, including P2Y(1), P2Y(2), and P2Y(6). Treatment of RASMCs with UTP increased PAI-1 mRNA expression and extracellular PAI-1 protein levels by 21-fold (P<0.001) and 7-fold (P<0.001), respectively. The ED(50) for the effect of UTP on PAI-1 expression was approximately 1 micromol/L, and its maximal effect occurred at 3 hours. UDP stimulated a 5-fold increase (P<0.005) in PAI-1 expression. In contrast to these potent stimulatory effects of uridine nucleotides, ATP and 2-methylthioadenosine triphosphate (2-MeSATP) caused a small and transient increase in PAI-1 mRNA at 1 hour, followed by a rapid decrease to baseline levels. ADP produced only an inhibitory effect, reducing PAI-1 mRNA levels by 63% (P<0.05) at 3 hours. The relative nucleotide potency in stimulating PAI-1 expression is UTP>UDP>ATP=2-MeSATP, consistent with a predominant role of the P2Y(6) receptor. Further studies revealed that exposure of RASMCs to either ATP or ADP for 3 hours inhibited both UTP- and angiotensin II-stimulated PAI-1 expression by up to 90% (P<0.001). Thus, ATP induced a small and transient upregulation of PAI-1 that was followed by a strong inhibition of PAI-1 expression. These results show that extracellular adenine and uridine nucleotides exert potent and opposing effects on vascular PAI-1 expression.
authors.affiliation: Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Bouchie
authors.forename: H C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Carney
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Bagot
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Wilden
authors.forename: E P
authors.initials: EP
authors.lastname: Feener
mesh_terms: D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D000804:Angiotensin II / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D007211:Indoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D008301:Maleimides / Q000494:pharmacology; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1 / Q000378:metabolism; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D009131:Muscle, Smooth, Vascular / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000201:enzymology*; D010766:Phosphorylation; D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D018048:Receptors, Purinergic P2 / Q000032:analysis* / Q000235:genetics*; D058473:Receptors, Purinergic P2Y2; D013873:Thionucleotides / Q000494:pharmacology; D014530:Uridine Diphosphate / Q000494:pharmacology; D014544:Uridine Triphosphate / Q000494:pharmacology; D014662:Vasoconstrictor Agents / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D007211:Indoles; D008301:Maleimides; C546387:P2ry2 protein, rat; D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D018048:Receptors, Purinergic P2; D058473:Receptors, Purinergic P2Y2; D013873:Thionucleotides; D014662:Vasoconstrictor Agents; D000804:Angiotensin II; D014530:Uridine Diphosphate; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; C070515:bisindolylmaleimide I; D014544:Uridine Triphosphate; C008501:2-methylthio-ATP