title: Monitoring Wadi El Raiyan lakes of the egyptian desert for inorganic pollutants by ion-selective electrodes, ion chromatography, and inductively coupled plasma spectroscopy.
abstract: Wadi El Raiyan is a great depression located southwest of Cairo in the western desert of Egypt, one of the most arid regions of the world. In 1973, Wadi El Raiyan was connected with the agricultural wastewater drainage system of the El Faiyum province to provide a reservoir for the wastewater that exceeded the capacity of Lake Qarun north of the province. Pollutants from agricultural waste including pesticides and fertilizers as well as other effluents of industrial activities and runoffs certainly will pass into the biotic elements of the ecosystem. This report presents the status of inorganic pollutants including anions, cations, and trace metals in the two lakes and the surrounding springs of Wadi El Raiyan using ion chromatography, ion-selective electrodes, and inductively coupled plasma emission spectroscopy. The report also includes the levels of selected metals in the vegetation community of the area. The result of this investigation revealed a great improvement in water quality of the Wadi El Raiyan lakes compared to 1988 report by Saleh et al. Mercury was not detected in any of the samples and the level of lead was significantly reduced. Cadmium levels were much higher than those seen earlier. The higher level of cadmium might be used as an indicator to track the contamination of water by human waste. Concentrations of common anions were not significantly different from those reported earlier. However, an increase in the level of cyanide was observed. Levels of heavy metals in vegetation around the lakes were also found to be lower than previously reported.
authors.affiliation: Environmental Chemistry and Toxicology Laboratory, Texas Southern University, Houston, Texas 77004, USA.
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Saleh
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ewane
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: B L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Wilson
mesh_terms: D000838:Anions / Q000032:analysis; D002413:Cations, Divalent / Q000032:analysis; D002852:Chromatography, Ion Exchange; D004534:Egypt; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D005618:Fresh Water / Q000737:chemistry*; D005843:Geography; D017736:Ion-Selective Electrodes; D008670:Metals / Q000032:analysis; D010944:Plants / Q000737:chemistry; D013057:Spectrum Analysis / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D014131:Trace Elements / Q000032:analysis; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D000838:Anions; D002413:Cations, Divalent; D008670:Metals; D014131:Trace Elements; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical