title: The prevalence and intensity of helminth and coccidial infections in dairy cattle in central Kenya.
abstract: A survey of gastrointestinal parasite infections of young (< 6 months old), immature (6-12 months old) and adult (> 12 months old) dairy cattle on 16 farms in Kiambu District, Kenya was conducted during a dry season (September 1991 to January 1992) and during a wet season (March to July 1992). The survey was based on monthly coproparasitological examination of cohorts and worm counts in tracer calves. The effects of age, sex, farm and season on the prevalence and intensity of helminth and coccidial infections were determined. Faecal egg and oocyst counts revealed that the overall prevalences were: strongyles (including trichostrongyles) (85.5%), liver flukes (Fasciola gigantica) (34.0%), coccidia (30.9%) and tapeworms (9.6%). Eight species of the protozoan Eimeria were identified, the most prevalent species being E. bovis and E. zuernii. The most prevalent nematode genera were Haemonchus, Cooperia, Oesophagostomum and Trichostrongylus. Season, farm and age of the animals had a significant (p<0.05) influence on the intensity of infection with strongyles, liver flukes and coccidia, whereas the sex of the animals had no significant (p>0.05) effect on the prevalence or intensity of infections. A higher intensity of infection with strongyles and coccidia was found in the wet season than in the dry season (p<0.05). The age-specific intensity was in the following order: for strongyles, immature animals of 6-12 months of age had the highest egg counts, followed by young calves and adults. Calves had significantly (p<0.05) higher oocyst counts than immatures or adults. Liver fluke egg counts did not differ significant (p>0.05) between immatures and adult cattle.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nairobi, Kenya. Waruiru@thorntree.org
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Waruiru
authors.forename: N C
authors.initials: NC
authors.lastname: Kyvsgaard
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Thamsborg
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Nansen
authors.forename: H O
authors.initials: HO
authors.lastname: Bøgh
authors.forename: W K
authors.initials: WK
authors.lastname: Munyua
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Gathuma
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D002418:Cattle Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000469:parasitology; D002589:Cestoda / Q000302:isolation & purification; D003044:Coccidia / Q000302:isolation & purification; D003048:Coccidiosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000469:parasitology / Q000662:veterinary*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003612:Dairying; D004539:Eimeria / Q000302:isolation & purification; D005210:Fasciola hepatica / Q000302:isolation & purification; D005243:Feces / Q000469:parasitology; D005260:Female; D006374:Helminthiasis, Animal / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000469:parasitology; D007630:Kenya / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D010270:Parasite Egg Count / Q000662:veterinary; D010865:Pilot Projects; D015995:Prevalence; D012621:Seasons; D013320:Strongyloidea / Q000302:isolation & purification