Test liquids for quantitative MRI measurements of self-diffusion coefficient in vivo.
A range of liquids suitable as quality control test objects for measuring the accuracy of clinical MRI diffusion sequences (both apparent diffusion coefficient and tensor) has been identified and characterized. The self-diffusion coefficients for 15 liquids (3 cyclic alkanes: cyclohexane to cyclooctane, 9 n-alkanes: n-octane to n-hexadecane, and 3 n-alcohols: ethanol to 1-propanol were measured at 15-30 degrees C using an NMR spectrometer. Values at 22 degrees C range from 0.36 to 2.2 10(-9) m(2)s(-1). Typical 95% confidence limits are +/-2%. Temperature coefficients are 1.7-3.2% degrees C. T1 and T2 values at 1.5 T and proton density are given. n-tridecane has a diffusion coefficient close to that of normal white matter. The longer n-alkanes may be useful T2 standards. Measurements from a spin-echo MRI sequence agreed to within 2%.
Tofts
P S
PS
Department of Clinical Neurology, Institute of Neurology, University College London, UK. p.tofts@ion.ucl.ac.uk
Lloyd
D
D
Clark
C A
CA
Barker
G J
GJ
Parker
G J
GJ
McConville
P
P
Baldock
C
C
Pope
J M
JM
D000438:Alcohols / Q000737:chemistry; D000473:Alkanes / Q000737:chemistry*; D004058:Diffusion; D016014:Linear Models; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008433:Mathematics; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D013696:Temperature; D014867:Water
D000438:Alcohols; D000473:Alkanes; D014867:Water