title: Effect of ambient respiratory noise on the measurement of lung sounds.
abstract: The effect of ambient sounds, generated during breathing, that may reach a sensor at the chest surface by transmission from mouth and nose through air in the room, rather than through the airways, lungs and chest wall, is studied. Five healthy male non-smokers, aged from 11 to 51 years, are seated in a sound-proof acoustic chamber. Ambient respiratory noise levels are modified by directing expiratory flow outside the recording chamber. Low-density gas (HeO2 = 80% helium, 20% oxygen) is used to modify airway resonances. Spectral analysis is applied to ambient noise and to respiratory sounds measured on the chest and neck. Flow-gated average sound spectra are compared statistically. A prominent spectral peak around 960 Hz appears in ambient noise and over the chest and neck during expiration in all subjects. Ambient noise reduction decreases the amplitude of this peak by 20 +/- 4 dB in the room and by 6 +/- 3.6 dB over the chest. Another prominent spectral peak, around 700 Hz in adults and 880 Hz in children, shows insignificant change, i.e. a maximum reduction of 3 dB, during modifications of ambient respiratory noise. HeO2 causes an upward shift in tracheal resonances that is also seen in the anterior chest recordings. Ambient respiratory noise explains some, but not all, peaks in the spectra of expiratory lung sounds. Resonance peaks in the spectra of expiratory tracheal sounds are also apparent in the spectra of expiratory lung sounds at the anterior chest.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics & Child Health, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada. h_pasterkamp@umanitoba.ca
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Pasterkamp
authors.forename: G R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Wodicka
authors.forename: S S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Kraman
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D016477:Artifacts; D002648:Child; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009622:Noise; D012135:Respiratory Sounds; D012815:Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted