title: Renal findings and glomerular pathology in diabetic subjects.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  To describe the relationship between proteinuria, hematuria, and renal insufficiency, on one hand, and glomerular pathology, on the other hand, in a consecutive biopsy series of diabetic patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  All diabetic subjects (n = 200) biopsied from 1979 to 1995 at Tampere University Hospital were identified in retrospect. The clinician-based indication (any unexplained renal finding) for renal biopsy was consistent during the years and was: proteinuria alone in 68%; combined with hematuria in 10%; with renal insufficiency in 10%; with both in 9%, and with isolated hematuria or renal failure in 3%. One third of the subjects had proteinuria of >/=3 g/24 h and 16% a serum creatinine level of >/=200 microM. Glomerulopathy was found in 171 specimens and defined as nodular diabetic (group A), diffuse diabetic (group B) and primary (group C). The 24-hour urinary protein excretion rate [mean (range)] was 3.5 (1.6-6.9), 1.0 (0.5-3.5), and 3.6 (1.1-6.6) g in groups A, B and C, respectively (ANOVA p = 0.001). The corresponding serum creatinine values [mean (SD)] were 175 (115), 105 (142) and 169 (138) microM (p = 0.001).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Nodular diabetic glomerulopathy was found in 40%, diffuse diabetic glomerulopathy in 42% and primary glomerulopathy in 18%. A primary glomerulopathy was found in any indication and in both types of diabetes (prevalence range 14-26%). The best multivariate logistic regression model obtained (chi(2) = 13.5, p = 0.008) in predicting the presence of diabetic glomerulosclerosis (group A + B) in contrast to a primary glomerulopathy (group C) included retinopathy (p = 0.04), renal insufficiency (p = 0.03), hematuria (p = 0.12) and type of diabetes (p = 0.10).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this series of diabetic subjects, biopsied due to proteinuria, hematuria and not severe renal insufficiency, 18% had evidence of a primary glomerulopathy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Tampere University Hospital, Finland. klolwi@uta.fi
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Wirta
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Helin
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mustonen
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kuittinen
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Savela
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pasternack
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001706:Biopsy; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000097:blood / Q000473:pathology* / Q000652:urine; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D003928:Diabetic Nephropathies / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D006417:Hematuria; D006801:Humans; D007678:Kidney Glomerulus / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011507:Proteinuria; D012189:Retrospective Studies