title: Estrogens in intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether estrogen production and excretion are impaired in gravidas with intrahepatic cholestasis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Plasma and urine samples were collected from 13 women from the United States and Chile at 35-38 weeks' gestation with mild (n = 9) or severe (n = 4) intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy. Urinary and plasma steroid levels from women with cholestasis were compared with levels from 27 normal pregnant women within the same gestational age range. Urinary concentrations of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), estrone (E1), estradiol (E2), estriol (E3), estetrol, progesterone, and 16-hydroxy-pregnenolone were measured by gas chromatography mass spectrometry, and plasma concentrations of DHEA sulfate, progesterone, unconjugated E1, unconjugated E2, unconjugated E3, sulfated E3 derivatives, glucuronidated E3 derivatives, and total E3 were measured by radioimmunoassay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with normal pregnant women, women with cholestasis had significantly lower plasma levels of estrogens and DHEA sulfate, the precursor to placental estrogen production synthesized by the fetal adrenal gland (Hotelling-Lawley trace = 0.81; F4,19 = 3.9; P = .02). The mean plasma DHEA sulfate, unconjugated E2, unconjugated E3, and total E3 concentrations were 0.271, 10.21, 9.80, and 99.53 ng/mL, respectively, in women with cholestasis compared with 0.802, 18.98, 16.28, and 145.07 ng/mL for controls.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Fetal adrenal production of DHEA sulfate, and in response, downstream placental production of estrogens, was compromised by intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver 80262, USA. kim.leslie@uchsc.edu
authors.forename: K K
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Leslie
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Reznikov
authors.forename: F R
authors.initials: FR
authors.lastname: Simon
authors.forename: P V
authors.initials: PV
authors.lastname: Fennessey
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Reyes
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ribalta
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002780:Cholestasis, Intrahepatic / Q000378:metabolism*; D019314:Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate / Q000097:blood; D004958:Estradiol / Q000097:blood; D004964:Estriol / Q000097:blood; D004967:Estrogens / Q000378:metabolism*; D004970:Estrone / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000378:metabolism*; D011374:Progesterone / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D004967:Estrogens; D004970:Estrone; D011374:Progesterone; D004958:Estradiol; D019314:Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate; D004964:Estriol