title: Synchronous roentgenographically occult lung carcinoma in patients with resectable primary lung cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the prevalence of synchronous roentgenographically occult lung carcinoma (ROLC) in patients with resectable roentgenographically visible lung cancer (RVLC).
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients undergoing surgery for RVLC in the same University Hospital were prospectively evaluated before surgery by fluorescence bronchoscopy under local anesthesia to detect synchronous ROLC. All abnormal areas, with the exception of the RVLC, had biopsies made.
  
  
  RESULTS
  From June 1996 to January 1999, 43 patients (male/female ratio: 1.7/1.0) were evaluated before lobectomy (n = 34) or pneumonectomy (n = 10) for 44 primary RVLC. There were 10 T1N0, 19 T2N0, 1 T1N1, 9 T2N1, 1 T3N0, 3 T1N2, and 1 T3N1 lesions. The histologic type was mainly squamous carcinoma (n = 21) and adenocarcinoma (n = 14). All but two patients were smokers or ex-smokers (mean +/- SD, 48 +/- 28 pack-years). A total of 177 endobronchial biopsies were performed (4.1 +/- 2.5); 8 were too small to be informative, 43 showed non-preneoplastic alterations, and 50 were normal. There were 7 basal cell hyperplasias, 56 metaplasias, 9 dysplasias, and 4 carcinomas in situ (CIS). All the dysplasias and CIS lesions were observed in eight subjects. The synchronous CIS were treated by surgery (n = 1) or localized therapeutic modalities (n = 3).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The high prevalence of synchronous early lung cancers (9.3%) as well as metaplasia and dysplasia in this series of patients with resectable RVLC suggests that fluorescence bronchoscopy may be a useful adjunct in the preoperative evaluation of lung cancer.
authors.affiliation: Chest Service, CHU of Charleroi, Charleroi, Belgium.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pierard
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Vermylen
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Bosschaerts
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Roufosse
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Berghmans
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Sculier
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Ninane
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001706:Biopsy; D001999:Bronchoscopy; D002278:Carcinoma in Situ / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D009378:Neoplasms, Multiple Primary / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D011013:Pneumonectomy; D011230:Precancerous Conditions / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D011859:Radiography; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects