title: Evidence that gingko biloba extract does not inhibit MAO A and B in living human brain.
abstract: Extracts of Ginkgo biloba have been reported to reversibly inhibit both monoamine oxidase (MAO) A and B in rat brain in vitro leading to speculation that MAO inhibition may contribute to some of its central nervous system effects. Here we have used positron emission tomography (PET) to measure the effects of Ginkgo biloba on human brain MAO A and B in 10 subjects treated for 1 month with 120 mg/day of the Ginkgo biloba extract EGb 761, using [11C]clorgyline and [11C]L-deprenyl-D2 to measure MAO A and B respectively. A three-compartment model was used to calculate the plasma to brain transfer constant K1 which is related to blood flow, and lambdak3, a model term which is a function of the concentration of catalytically active MAO molecules. Ginkgo biloba administration did not produce significant changes in brain MAO A or MAO B suggesting that mechanisms other than MAO inhibition need to be considered as mediating some of its CNS effects.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973-5000, USA. fowler@bnl.gov
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Fowler
authors.forename: G J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: N D
authors.initials: ND
authors.lastname: Volkow
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Logan
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Franceschi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Franceschi
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: MacGregor
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Shea
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Garza
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Y S
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Ding
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001921:Brain / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology*; D002560:Cerebrovascular Circulation / Q000187:drug effects; D003010:Clorgyline; D005260:Female; D020441:Ginkgo biloba / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008996:Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology; D010946:Plants, Medicinal; D012642:Selegiline; D013997:Time Factors; D014055:Tomography, Emission-Computed
chemical_list: D007527:Isoenzymes; D008996:Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors; D010936:Plant Extracts; D012642:Selegiline; D003010:Clorgyline