title: Antibiotic-impregnated autogenic cancellous bone grafting is an effective and safe method for the management of small infected tibial defects: a comparison study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Bone grafting plays an important role in reconstructing infected tibial nonunions. The effects of antibiotic-impregnated bone grafting in infection elimination and bone incorporation was reported in this retrospective study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ninety-six patients treated for infected tibial nonunions were evaluated. These patients were managed with local antibiotic bead therapy and staged antibiotic-impregnated autogenous cancellous bone graft or pure autogenous cancellous bone graft. Patients were randomized to antibiotic-impregnated bone grafting or bone grafting-only groups on the basis of whether the admission date was odd or even. Patients were divided into two groups (antibiotic-impregnated bone grafting group and pure cancellous bone grafting group), according to the procedure used in preparing the bone grafts. The antibiotic-impregnated bone grafting group included 37 men and 9 women whose average age was 36 years (range, 17 to 72 years). The average follow-up period was 4.8 years. By using the Cierny-Mader staging classification of chronic osteomyelitis, 32 of 46 patients (70%) were stage 4A, and 14 of 36 patients (30%) were stage 4B. The pure cancellous bone grafting group included 39 men and 11 women whose average age was 37 years (range, 18 to 72 years). The average follow-up period was 4.5 years (range, 4 to 6 years). Thirty-nine of 50 patients (78%) were stage 4A, and 11 of 50 patients (22%) were stage 4B. The bone defects in both groups ranged from 2 to 4 cm.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Wound healing and bony union were achieved in the antibiotic-impregnated bone grafting group. Only two patients had recurrent infections. The infection arrest rate was 95.6%. However, 9 of 50 patients in the pure cancellous bone grafting group had recurrent infections. The infection arrest rate was 82%. The antibiotic-impregnated bone grafting group had significantly superior results (95.6% vs. 82% chi2 test, p < 0.05) in infection elimination than the pure cancellous bone grafting group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  After 4 to 6 years of follow-up, our results suggest that the use of impregnating antibiotics have no adverse effects on autogenic cancellous bone graft incorporation and could help to eliminate infection effectively.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan, Republic of China.
authors.forename: Y S
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.forename: S W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Ueng
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: S S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: C Y
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: C H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Shin
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D019072:Antibiotic Prophylaxis / Q000379:methods*; D001424:Bacterial Infections / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D016025:Bone Transplantation / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005599:Fractures, Ununited / Q000150:complications* / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013978:Tibial Fractures / Q000150:complications* / Q000601:surgery*