title: Identification of missense mutations in the SRD5A2 gene from patients with steroid 5alpha-reductase 2 deficiency.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Mutations of the steroid 5alpha-reductase type 2 (SRD5A2) gene in karyotypic males result in a spectrum of external genitalia phenotypes ranging from complete female to nearly complete male. Here we performed genomic DNA analyses from individuals bearing the enzyme deficiency in order to detect the molecular abnormalities.
  
  
  METHODS
  Four unrelated 46,XY patients of Mexican origin with ambiguous external genitalia were studied. A fertile, phenotypically normal male was also included.
  
  
  METHODS
  Coding sequence abnormalities of the SRD5A2 gene were assessed by exon-specific polymerase chain reaction, single-stranded conformational polymorphism and sequencing analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Five different missense mutations (two of them novel mutations) were identified. Three subjects presented homozygous single base mutations. These were located at exon 2 (G115D), exon 4 (P212R) and exon 5 (R246Q), and such changes have been described previously. The fourth patient was a compound heterozygote who presented two mutations located in exons 1 and 2. We found a hitherto unreported G --> A transition at the second nucleotide of codon 85 in exon 1 (GGC --> GAC), substituting glycine for aspartic acid (G85D). This patient also presented an identical alteration at codon 115 of exon 2, which was carried by his father (G115D). Finally, in another subject who was included originally as a control, we found a C --> A transversion (yet undescribed) at codon 245 in exon 5 (S245Y).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Four different single base mutations that cause amino acid substitutions were detected in the steroid 5alpha-reductase type 2 gene of affected individuals. One patient and a normal control had two previously undescribed mutations. Although in the latter individual we cannot exclude the possibility that the base change is a genetic polymorphism, the molecular screening of 100 chromosomes suggests strongly that the change at codon 245 does represent a heterozygous mutation. Further studies, including the recreation of the mutations, will help to reveal the biochemical consequences resulting from these changes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Reproductive Biology, Instituto Nacional de la Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Tlalpan, México.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Vilchis
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Méndez
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Canto
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lieberman
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Chávez
mesh_terms: D013741:3-Oxo-5-alpha-Steroid 4-Dehydrogenase / Q000172:deficiency* / Q000235:genetics*; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D012734:Disorders of Sex Development / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics; D006579:Heterozygote; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020125:Mutation, Missense; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D018807:Polymorphism, Single-Stranded Conformational; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D013739:Testosterone / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D013739:Testosterone; C013915:boldenone; D013741:3-Oxo-5-alpha-Steroid 4-Dehydrogenase