title: Soft-tissue vascular anomalies: utility of US for diagnosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the ultrasonographic (US) features that distinguish soft-tissue hemangioma from vascular malformation and one type of malformation from another.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighty-seven vascular anomalies were evaluated by means of US. Lesions were assessed for the presence of solid tissue and abnormal arteries, veins, or cysts. Vessel density, peak flow velocities, and resistive indexes were compared.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were 49 hemangiomas and 38 vascular malformations. A significantly greater proportion of hemangiomas (48 of 49) compared with vascular malformations (zero of 38) consisted of a solid-tissue mass (P < .001). Vessel density was comparable for hemangioma and arteriovenous malformation (AVM) but significantly greater compared with the other vascular malformations (P < .001 in each case). No differences in mean arterial peak velocity were detected between hemangiomas and malformations. Mean venous peak velocity was significantly higher for AVM than for other vascular malformations and hemangioma. Mean resistive index was greater for lymphatic malformation than for hemangioma or AVM. Abnormal veins, arteries and veins, or cysts were univariate predictors for distinguishing between venous, arteriovenous, and lymphatic malformations (P < .001 in all cases). Solid-tissue mass was the only multivariate predictor for differentiating hemangioma from vascular malformation (likelihood ratio test = 109.8, P < .001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  US can be used to distinguish hemangioma from vascular malformation and detect arterial flow. These distinctions are critical for subsequent management and assessing prognosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA. paltiel@a1.tch.harvard.edu
authors.forename: H J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Paltiel
authors.forename: P E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Burrows
authors.forename: H P
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: Kozakewich
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zurakowski
authors.forename: J B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Mulliken
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001165:Arteriovenous Malformations / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity / Q000502:physiology; D002114:Calcinosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D005583:Fourier Analysis; D006391:Hemangioma / Q000098:blood supply / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012983:Soft Tissue Neoplasms / Q000098:blood supply / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D018615:Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color