title: Establishing a new technique of laparoscopic pelvic and para-aortic lymphadenectomy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the number of operations necessary to develop and standardize a laparoscopic approach to pelvic and para-aortic lymphadenectomy, with radicality and number of complications as quality markers.
  
  
  METHODS
  Over 4 years, 108 women had complete laparoscopic pelvic and para-aortic lymphadenectomies combined with laparoscopy-assisted radical vaginal hysterectomies for primary therapy of cervical cancer. Complete data and videotapes were available for 99 women. Operating time and radicality for specific anatomic subareas were measured by review of video documentation and histologic lymph node counts. Intra- and postoperative complications were recorded prospectively. To analyze the progress of surgery, we compared two groups of women, one operated on at the beginning of our study (early group, subjects 6-35) and one operated on in the final period of the study (late group, subjects 79-108).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The operating time for pelvic and para-aortic lymphadenectomy increased constantly. Comparing the early and late groups for para-aortic lymphadenectomy, there was an increase in mean operating time (34.8 versus 73.2 minutes; P < .001) and mean histologic lymph node yield (5.1 versus 10.6; P < .001). For pelvic lymphadenectomy, mean operating time increased slightly (60.7 versus 69.7 minutes; not significant) but mean histologic lymph node count decreased over time (24.3 versus 21.0; not significant). Retrospective evaluation of videotapes showed that the radicality of lymphadenectomy improved continuously in all evaluated subareas.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Establishment of a protocol for para-aortic and pelvic lymphadenectomy took 100 operations. Video documentation was a more reliable indicator of progress in technical performance than were histologic lymph node counts.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gynecology, Friedrich-Schiller University, Jena, Germany.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Altgassen
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Possover
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Krause
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Plaul
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Michels
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Schneider
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002985:Clinical Protocols; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007045:Hysterectomy, Vaginal; D007431:Intraoperative Complications; D010535:Laparoscopy; D008197:Lymph Node Excision / Q000379:methods*; D008875:Middle Aged; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*