title: Altered brain energy metabolism in lithium-resistant bipolar disorder detected by photic stimulated 31P-MR spectroscopy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Previous 31P-MRS (magnetic resonance spectroscopy) studies suggested altered brain energy metabolism in bipolar disorder. This study characterized brain energy metabolism in lithium-resistant bipolar disorder using the photic-stimulation paradigm.
  
  
  METHODS
  Subjects were 19 patients with DSM-IV bipolar disorder (nine responders and 10 nonresponders, 13 with bipolar I and six with bipolar II) in the euthymic state and 25 healthy volunteers. Energy metabolism in the occipital region was examined by 31P-MRS during photic stimulation (PS). Six 31P-MR spectra were obtained, one was before PS (Pre), two during 12 min of PS (PS1, PS2), and three after the PS (Post 1, Post 2, Post 3).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Significant effect of diagnosis (lithium-responsive bipolar disorder, lithium-resistant bipolar disorder, and control) was found for the phosphocreatine peak area ratio during the course of the photic stimulation (P < 0.05 by repeated measures ANOVA). The phosphocreatine peak area ratio was significantly decreased at Post 1 and Post 2 compared with Pre in lithium-resistant bipolar patients (P = 0.01 and P = 0.01 by Dunnett's multiple comparison).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The finding that phosphocreatine decreased after photic stimulation may be compatible with mitochondrial dysfunction. It is possible that mitochondrial function is impaired in lithium-resistant bipolar disorder.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and the Molecular Neurobiology Research Center, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Murashita
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kato
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shioiri
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Inubushi
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kato
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D018692:Antimanic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism*; D004351:Drug Resistance; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008027:Light; D016651:Lithium Carbonate / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010725:Phosphocreatine / Q000378:metabolism; D010759:Phosphorus Isotopes; D010775:Photic Stimulation
chemical_list: D018692:Antimanic Agents; D010759:Phosphorus Isotopes; D010725:Phosphocreatine; D016651:Lithium Carbonate