title: Decreased striatal dopamine transporter density in JNCL patients with parkinsonian symptoms.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To explore whether striatal dopamine transporters are involved in juvenile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (JNCL) with extrapyramidal signs.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventeen patients with JNCL entered the study (mean age, 15 years; age range, 10 to 31 years). For clinical evaluation, the authors used the motor section of the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS). For studying the density of dopamine transporters in the striatum, they employed iodine-123-labeled 2beta-carbomethoxy-3beta-(4-iodophenyl) tropane as a SPECT tracer. The SPECT images were evaluated visually, and tracer accumulation was semiquantified from transverse slices as striatum-to-cerebellum activity ratios. MRI (1.5-T) signal intensities of the striatum were measured and compared with those of the thalamus.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean UPDRS score was 20 (range, 2 to 41). On SPECT, the mean striatum-to-cerebellum uptake ratio was lower in patients than in control subjects (3.1 +/- 0.6 versus 6.8 +/- 1.0; p < 0.001), with the decrease being more pronounced in the putamen than in the caudate nucleus. On MRI, the mean striatum-to-thalamus signal intensity ratio was higher in patients than in control subjects (1.14 +/- 0.02 versus 1.08 +/- 0.02; p < 0.001). There was a negative correlation between uptake ratios in SPECT and UPDRS scores, and a positive correlation between the MRI ratios and UPDRS. The SPECT and MRI ratios also correlated significantly, providing additional evidence for the contributions of nigrostriatal, striatal, and thalamic dysfunction to the parkinsonian symptoms.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The observed decrease in the striatal dopamine transporter density in JNCL offers a rational basis for a trial of dopaminergic drugs in this disease.
authors.affiliation: Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Pediatric Neurology, University of Helsinki, Finland. laura.aberg@Helsinki.fi
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Aberg
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Liewendahl
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Nikkinen
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Autti
authors.forename: J O
authors.initials: JO
authors.lastname: Rinne
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Santavuori
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000032:analysis*; D002648:Child; D003342:Corpus Striatum / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D050483:Dopamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D009472:Neuronal Ceroid-Lipofuscinoses / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000150:complications*; D015899:Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon
chemical_list: D002352:Carrier Proteins; D050483:Dopamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins