title: MR spectroscopy shows reduced frontal lobe concentrations of N-acetyl aspartate in patients with juvenile myoclonic epilepsy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Neuropsychological studies suggest frontal lobe dysfunctions in patients with juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME). In this study we investigated whether an underlying mechanism could be a regional neuronal damage not visible with structural magnetic resonance (MR), but detectable with magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS).
  
  
  METHODS
  The study included 15 patients with JME and 10 matched healthy controls. Quantitative single voxel MRS was conducted at 1.5 Tesla by using a STEAM sequence (TR/TE/TM = 6,000/30/13.7 ms). The voxels were placed over the right cerebellum, right thalamus, and the prefrontal and occipital cortex. The quantitation included fitting of transmitter gain, and correction for partial volume of cerebrovascular fluid. LC-Model was used for estimation of the absolute concentrations of total N-acetyl aspartate (NAA), cholines, total creatine, and myoinositol.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients with JME had significantly reduced prefrontal concentrations of NAA in relation to controls (9.1 +/- 1.0 vs. 10.2 +/- 0.8 mM; p = 0.031 after Bonferroni correction). The other regions showed normal NAA values, as did the other metabolites.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The observed reduction in NAA levels suggests a prefrontal neuronal lesion in patients with JME.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Huddinge University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden. ivanka.savic-berglund@neuro.ki.se
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Savic
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lekvall
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Greitz
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Helms
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001224:Aspartic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000378:metabolism; D002794:Choline / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D003401:Creatine / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D005625:Frontal Lobe / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007294:Inositol / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008297:Male; D020190:Myoclonic Epilepsy, Juvenile / Q000175:diagnosis*; D017397:Prefrontal Cortex / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D001224:Aspartic Acid; D007294:Inositol; C000179:N-acetylaspartate; D003401:Creatine; D002794:Choline