title: Dermatomyositis and polymyositis associated with the antiphospholipid syndrome-a novel overlap syndrome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  As APS (antiphospholipid syndrome) can be either primary or secondary to a wide range of other conditions (such as autoimmune diseases, malignancies, infectious diseases, and drug-induced conditions) the aim of this study was to describe a novel overlap syndrome of APS.
  
  
  METHODS
  All patients diagnosed with either PM (polymytosis) or DM (dermatomytosis) who were treated in the Rheumatology Unit, Sheba Medical Center, were followed-up in the past 8 years for the appearance of a clinical manifestation of the APS, and conversely, patients with APS treated by us were clinically assessed for the presence of signs and symptoms of PM and DM. Both conditions were diagnosed according to accepted diagnostic criteria.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Three patients were found to have both APS and PM/DM. A patient with PM had transverse myelopathy, a patient with DM had pulmonary embolism, and a patient with PM had recurrent abortions, stroke, livedo reticularis and mitral regurgitation. Both patients with PM had also SLE (systemic lupus erythematosis).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  APS can be associated with a wide range of diseases. Future data would reveal which therapy is the best for the association of PM/DM with APS, and determine the pathogenesis and prognosis in patients with this association.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine 'B' and the Research Unit of Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sherer
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Livneh
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Levy
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shoenfeld
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Langevitz
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017153:Antibodies, Anticardiolipin / Q000032:analysis; D016736:Antiphospholipid Syndrome / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000276:immunology; D003402:Creatine Kinase / Q000032:analysis; D003882:Dermatomyositis / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000276:immunology; D004576:Electromyography; D005260:Female; D005634:Fructose-Bisphosphate Aldolase / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017285:Polymyositis / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D017153:Antibodies, Anticardiolipin; D003402:Creatine Kinase; D005634:Fructose-Bisphosphate Aldolase