title: Diet and cataract: the Blue Mountains Eye Study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate relationships between a wide range of macro- and micronutrients, including antioxidant vitamins, and the three main types of cataract in older people.
  
  
  METHODS
  Population-based cross-sectional study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two thousand nine hundred people aged 49 to 97 years living in an urban community near Sydney, Australia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Food frequency questionnaires and lens photography.
  
  
  METHODS
  Lens photographs were graded for presence and severity of cortical, nuclear, and posterior subcapsular cataracts.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Higher intakes of protein, vitamin A, niacin, thiamin, and riboflavin were associated with reduced prevalence of nuclear cataract. After adjusting for multiple known cataract risk factors, the odds ratios for those in the highest intake quintile groups compared to those in the lowest intake quintiles were 0.5 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.3-0.8) for protein, 0.5 (95% CI, 0.3-0.9) for vitamin A, 0.6 (95% CI, 0.4-0.9) for niacin, 0.6 (95% CI, 0.4-0.9) for thiamin, and 0.5 (95% CI, 0.3-0.9) for riboflavin. Intake of polyunsaturated fats was associated with reduced prevalence of cortical cataract. No nutrients were associated with posterior subcapsular cataract.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The nucleus of the lens is particularly sensitive to nutrient deficiencies. Protein, vitamin A, niacin, thiamin, and riboflavin protected against nuclear cataract in this study.
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, University of Sydney, Australia. bobc@pub.health.usyd.edu.au
authors.forename: R G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Cumming
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mitchell
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Smith
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002386:Cataract / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000473:pathology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004032:Diet; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007908:Lens, Crystalline / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009517:New South Wales / Q000453:epidemiology; D009749:Nutrition Surveys; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014505:Urban Population / Q000706:statistics & numerical data