title: Apolipoprotein B gene polymorphisms and serum lipids: meta-analysis of the role of genetic variation in responsiveness to diet.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The genetic variance determining plasma lipid and lipoprotein concentrations may modify individual responsiveness to alterations in dietary fat and cholesterol content.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim was to examine the role of apolipoprotein (apo) B DNA polymorphisms in responsiveness of plasma lipids and lipoproteins to diet.
  
  
  METHODS
  A controlled dietary intervention study was conducted in 44 healthy, middle-aged subjects with a 3-mo baseline, a 1-mo fat-controlled, a 1-mo high-fat, and a 1-mo habitual diet period. We also conducted a meta-analysis of all published dietary trials, including our own.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In our own dietary study, the apo B XbaI restriction-site polymorphism affected the responsiveness to diet of the plasma LDL-cholesterol concentration (P < 0.05, repeated-measures analysis of variance). Especially during the high-fat diet, homozygous absence of the XbaI restriction site (X(-)/X(-)) was associated with a greater increase in LDL cholesterol (44 +/- 5%) than was X(+)/X(+) (27 +/- 7%) or X(+)/X(-) (40 +/- 5%). The high-fat diet also induced a larger increase in plasma LDL cholesterol in subjects with the R(-)/R(-) genotype (homozygous absence of the EcoRI restriction site) (59 +/- 10%) than in those with the R(+)/R(-) (39 +/- 6%) or R(+)/R(+) (36 +/- 4%) genotype. The M(+)/M(+) genotype (homozygous presence of the MspI restriction site) was also more responsive (41 +/- 3% increase in LDL cholesterol) than the M(+)/M(-) genotype (27 +/- 10% increase). The meta-analysis supported the finding of the significant role of the EcoRI and MspI polymorphisms, but not that of the XbaI polymorphism.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present study indicated that the apo B EcoRI and MspI polymorphisms are associated with responsiveness to diet.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Internal Medicine and Physical Sciences and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Finland. Maire.Rantala@oulu.fi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rantala
authors.forename: T T
authors.initials: TT
authors.lastname: Rantala
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Savolainen
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Friedlander
authors.forename: Y A
authors.initials: YA
authors.lastname: Kesäniemi
mesh_terms: D001055:Apolipoproteins B / Q000235:genetics*; D002791:Cholesterol, Dietary / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood; D015246:Deoxyribonuclease EcoRI; D019003:Deoxyribonuclease HpaII; D015252:Deoxyribonucleases, Type II Site-Specific; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005260:Female; D014644:Genetic Variation; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D012150:Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length
chemical_list: D001055:Apolipoproteins B; D002791:Cholesterol, Dietary; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D004041:Dietary Fats; D008055:Lipids; D015246:Deoxyribonuclease EcoRI; D019003:Deoxyribonuclease HpaII; C025580:endodeoxyribonuclease XBAI; D015252:Deoxyribonucleases, Type II Site-Specific