In vivo uptake of radiolabeled MDA2, an oxidation-specific monoclonal antibody, provides an accurate measure of atherosclerotic lesions rich in oxidized LDL and is highly sensitive to their regression.
To determine whether labeled antibodies against oxidized LDL (OxLDL) offer advantages for quantifying atherosclerosis, we compared in vivo aortic uptake of (125)I-labeled MDA2, a monoclonal antibody against malondialdehyde-lysine epitopes), atherosclerotic surface area, and aortic weight in Watanabe heritable hyperlipidemic and New Zealand White rabbits and in low density lipoprotein receptor-deficient (LDLR(-/-)) and apolipoprotein E-deficient (apoE(-/-)) mice. Absolute and specific uptakes of (125)I-MDA2 were significantly greater in plaque than in normal aortas. Uptake of (125)I-MDA2 significantly correlated with aortic weight and percent atherosclerotic surface area in rabbits and mice. To assess whether (125)I-MDA2 uptake reflects changes in lesion content of OxLDL, in a separate study, extensive atherosclerosis was induced in 4 groups of LDLR(-/-) mice by feeding them a high fat/cholesterol diet for 6 months. A baseline group was euthanized at this time. The remaining groups were fed "regression" diets (chow or chow+1% vitamin E+0.05% vitamin C) or the high fat/cholesterol diet for 6 more months. When atherosclerosis was measured as percent surface area or aortic weight, there was strong progression in the high fat/cholesterol group, moderate progression in the chow group, and no progression in the chow+vitamin E+vitamin C group compared with the baseline group. The (125)I-MDA2 method also yielded a significant increase in atherosclerosis in the high fat/cholesterol group but significant decreases in the chow and chow+vitamin E+vitamin C groups. Immunocytochemistry showed fewer oxidation-specific epitopes in lesions from the chow and chow+vitamin E+vitamin C groups. Thus, the uptake of (125)I-MDA2 correlates well with traditional measures of atherosclerosis but also reflects reduced plaque OxLDL content after hypocholesterolemic intervention.
Tsimikas
S
S
Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0682, USA. stsimikas@ucsd.edu
Shortal
B P
BP
Witztum
J L
JL
Palinski
W
W
D000818:Animals; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D000918:Antibody Specificity; D001013:Aorta, Thoracic / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D001161:Arteriosclerosis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D004036:Diet, Atherogenic; D000939:Epitopes / Q000378:metabolism; D006949:Hyperlipidemias / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D007457:Iodine Radioisotopes / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL / Q000032:analysis*; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000276:immunology*; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D009929:Organ Size; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D011817:Rabbits; D011973:Receptors, LDL / Q000235:genetics*; D013194:Staining and Labeling; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood; D014810:Vitamin E / Q000097:blood
D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D000939:Epitopes; D007457:Iodine Radioisotopes; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL; D011973:Receptors, LDL; D014280:Triglycerides; C099252:oxidized low density lipoprotein; D014810:Vitamin E; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D002784:Cholesterol