title: Talcosis associated with IV abuse of oral medications: CT findings.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Our objective was to evaluate the CT appearance of talcosis associated with IV abuse of oral medications and to compare the findings of talcosis related to methylphenidate with those findings seen with other drugs.
  
  
  METHODS
  The CT scans of 12 patients with talcosis (seven men, five women), 33-54 years old (mean age, 44 years), were analyzed retrospectively. Seven patients had abused methylphenidate; five patients had no history of abuse. The diagnosis of talcosis was made histologically in 11 patients and at funduscopy in one patient. CT was performed with 1- to 1.5-mm collimation (n = 10 patients) or 5- to 10-mm collimation (n = 2).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The predominant abnormalities seen on CT consisted of a diffuse fine nodular pattern (n = 2), a combination of nodules and lower lobe panacinar emphysema (n = 3), and ground-glass attenuation (n = 2). Emphysema was the only abnormality seen in the remaining five patients (lower lobe panacinar, n = 4; upper lobe centrilobular, n = 1). No significant difference in the prevalence of nodules and ground-glass attenuation was seen between the methylphenidate and non-methylphenidate groups. Lower lobe panacinar emphysema was more common in methylphenidate abusers (six [86%] of seven patients) than in non-mnethylphenidate drug abusers (one [20%] of five, p<0.05, Fisher's exact test).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The CT manifestations of talcosis consist of a fine micronodular pattern, ground-glass attenuation, and emphysema. A significantly increased prevalence of lower lobe panacinar emphysema is seen in IV drug addicts who abuse methylphenidate.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Vancouver General Hospital and University of British Columbia, Canada.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ward
authors.forename: L E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Heyneman
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Reittner
authors.forename: E A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Kazerooni
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Godwin
authors.forename: N L
authors.initials: NL
authors.lastname: Müller
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D005549:Foreign-Body Reaction / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D015745:Granuloma, Foreign-Body / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D006801:Humans; D013287:Illicit Drugs; D008171:Lung Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D008297:Male; D008774:Methylphenidate; D008875:Middle Aged; D011656:Pulmonary Emphysema / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015819:Substance Abuse, Intravenous / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D013627:Talc; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed
chemical_list: D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants; D013287:Illicit Drugs; D013627:Talc; D008774:Methylphenidate