title: Concurrent expressions of metallothionein, glutathione S-transferase-pi, and P-glycoprotein in colorectal cancers.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Because the status of the inherent drug-resistance of colorectal cancers remains obscure, human colorectal cancers with no neoadjuvant therapy were retrospectively investigated regarding the expression of three drug-resistant proteins: metallothionein, glutathione S-transferase-pi, and P-glycoprotein.
  
  
  METHODS
  Paraffin-embedded tissues of 130 colorectal cancers (Dukes A, 20; B, 49; C, 41; D, 20) obtained by surgical resections from 1982 to 1989 were used. The three proteins were immunostained by the streptavidin-biotin complex method. The immunostaining was judged to be positive if more than 5 percent of cells showed positive staining by use of cell analysis system. The data were compared with clinicopathologic features (Dukes A-D) and patients' prognosis (Dukes AC).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Metallothionein, glutathione S-transferase-pi, and P-glycoprotein were positively expressed in 91 (70 percent), 30 (23 percent), and 98 (75 percent), respectively. A total of 120 (86 percent) expressed at least one drug-resistant protein. No intergroup differences were observed between positive and negative expressions of the proteins and their clinicopathologic features except tumor location. Rectal cancers positively expressed P-glycoprotein and three proteins more frequently. Twenty-six (20 percent), 65 (50 percent), and 21 (16 percent) cancers positively expressed one, two, and three proteins, respectively. The disease-free survival rates of patients with Dukes A through C cancer with positive staining for one, two, and three proteins were 100, 94, and 83 percent (at 1 year); 100, 72, and 51 percent (at 3 years); and 94, 66, and 38 percent (at 5 years), respectively (Kaplan-Meier with log-rank test; P = 0.016). In the multivariate Cox analysis, age, Dukes stage, tumor size, and glutathione S-transferase-pi were independent prognostic factors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The patients with concurrent expression of drug-resistant proteins in their cancers had worse prognoses. Examining drug-resistant proteins in colorectal cancers may be useful in selecting adjuvant chemotherapy and in predicting prognosis more accurately.
authors.affiliation: Second Department of Surgery, Shimane Medical University, Izumo City, Japan.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Sutoh
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kohno
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nakashima
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hishikawa
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tabara
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tachibana
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kubota
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nagasue
mesh_terms: D020168:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1 / Q000378:metabolism*; D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D000368:Aged; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005260:Female; D051549:Glutathione S-Transferase pi; D005982:Glutathione Transferase / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008668:Metallothionein / Q000378:metabolism*; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D012189:Retrospective Studies
chemical_list: D020168:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D007527:Isoenzymes; D008668:Metallothionein; C496556:GSTP1 protein, human; D051549:Glutathione S-Transferase pi; D005982:Glutathione Transferase