Diagnosis and treatment of sleep disorders caused by co-morbid disease.
Sleep disorders, both insomnia and hypersomnia, are commonly associated with various co-morbid conditions, including general medical and neurologic disorders, psychiatric illnesses, and secondary or symptomatic restless legs syndrome/periodic limb movements in sleep. Diagnosis of the co-morbidity is the first step in treatment, followed by an assessment of the sleep disturbance. This begins with a complete history and physical examination, followed by laboratory testing such as polysomnography, multiple sleep latency testing, and actigraphy. The treatment of sleep disorders caused by co-morbid conditions is discussed under seven categories, including the use of general measures (e.g., sleep hygiene, encouraging patients to develop good sleep habits, medication), treatment of the co-morbid condition, treatment of insomnia, treatment of excessive daytime somnolence, treatment of parasomnias, treatment of sleep-wake schedule disorders, and treatment of secondary or symptomatic restless legs syndrome.
Chokroverty
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Department of Neurology, Center of Sleep Medicine, Saint Vincents Hospital and Medical Center, New York, NY 10011, USA.
D015897:Comorbidity; D006801:Humans; D012890:Sleep / Q000502:physiology; D012893:Sleep Wake Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy