title: Intraocular foreign bodies: management, prognostic factors, and visual outcomes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine prognostic factors and visual outcomes in patients with intraocular foreign bodies (IOFBs).
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective, noncomparative, interventional case series.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-nine consecutive patients undergoing removal of an IOFB with a minimum of 6 months of follow-up.
  
  
  METHODS
  Surgical removal of the IOFB and repair of associated ocular trauma.
  
  
  METHODS
  Final best corrected visual acuity was the main outcome measured. Ocular findings at presentation were compared with final visual acuity to determine prognostic factors for visual outcome.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Final best corrected visual acuity of 20/40 or more was obtained in 42 patients (71%) and ambulatory vision (>5/200) was achieved in 50 patients (85%). Presenting visual acuity was predictive of final visual outcome (P < 0.01). Prognostic factors for a better visual outcome (P < 0.05) included better presenting visual acuity and hammering metal on metal as the mechanism of injury. Prognostic factors for a poor outcome (P < 0.05) included poor presenting visual acuity, the presence of an afferent pupillary defect, and vitreous hemorrhage.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Final visual outcomes were excellent in 71% of patients. Presenting visual acuity was the strongest predictor of final visual outcome in this series. Additional predictive factors included the mechanism of injury, the presence of an afferent pupillary defect, and vitreous hemorrhage.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157-1033, USA. cgreven@wfubmc.edu
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Greven
authors.forename: N E
authors.initials: NE
authors.lastname: Engelbrecht
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Slusher
authors.forename: S S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Nagy
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000869:Anterior Eye Segment / Q000293:injuries / Q000601:surgery; D002648:Child; D005129:Eye Foreign Bodies / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D015807:Eye Injuries, Penetrating / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D012160:Retina / Q000293:injuries / Q000601:surgery; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014792:Visual Acuity / Q000502:physiology