title: Demonstration of in vivo bioequivalence of a generic albuterol metered-dose inhaler to Ventolin.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To use histamine bronchoprovocation and bioassay statistical procedures to evaluate the in vivo bioequivalence of a generic albuterol metered-dose inhaler (MDI).
  
  
  METHODS
  A randomized, double-blind, balanced, crossover design was used to determine the potency of each generic albuterol MDI actuation relative to Ventolin (Glaxo Wellcome; Research Triangle Park, NC) administration. One treatment was administered on each of 4 study days. A histamine bronchoprovocation procedure was initiated 1.25 h before and 15 min after administration of the study treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-four nonsmoking subjects with mild-to-moderate asthma were studied (18 to 65 years of age; FEV(1), > 60% of predicted; and provocative concentration of histamine causing a 20% fall in FEV(1) [PC(20)], < or = 8 mg/mL at screening).
  
  
  METHODS
  One and four actuations (90 and 360 microg, respectively) of the generic MDI and of Ventolin MDI. Placebo inhalers were used to maintain blinding of inhaler and doses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The primary outcome variable was histamine PC(20) measured after study treatment administration. A significant dose-effect relationship was present (p < 0.0001). Deviation from parallelism of the generic and Ventolin dose-response curves (p = 0.95) and differences in overall mean response between the two formulations (p = 0.68) were not significant. Using Finney 2 x 2 bioassay statistical procedures, we estimated that one actuation of the generic albuterol MDI was equivalent to 1.01 puffs of Ventolin (90% confidence interval, 0.69 to 1.50).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The generic albuterol MDI delivers a quantity of albuterol to the beta(2)-receptor site in the lung that is the bioequivalent to Ventolin. Further, this study reinforces the validity of this statistical methodology for determining in vivo bioequivalence.
authors.affiliation: Healthcare Professional Associates, Amarillo, TX, USA.
authors.forename: B A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Stewart
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Ahrens
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Carrier
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Frosolono
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lux
authors.forename: S H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Milavetz
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000420:Albuterol / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D001249:Asthma / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy*; D001682:Biological Availability; D001985:Bronchial Provocation Tests; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009330:Nebulizers and Vaporizers; D013810:Therapeutic Equivalency
chemical_list: D000420:Albuterol