title: Differences in patient-reported processes and outcomes between men and women with myocardial infarction.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Previous research measuring differences in the care between men and women with myocardial infarction has focused on differences in procedure use and mortality. However, little is known about differences in processes and outcomes that are reported by patients, such as interpersonal processes of care and health status. Our goal was to measure differences in patient-reported measures for men and women who recently were hospitalized with myocardial infarction.
  
  
  METHODS
  We surveyed by mail patients with myocardial infarction discharged to home from one of 27 Cleveland area hospitals 3 months following discharge; 502 (64%) of 783 patients responded. The mean age of subjects was 65 years and 40% were women.
  
  
  METHODS
  Process measures included the quality of communication during the hospitalization and at time of discharge and reports of health education discussions during hospitalization. Outcome measures included physical and mental health component scores of the Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey, change in work status, and days spent in bed because of ill health. We compared processes and outcomes in men and women using multivariate analyses that adjusted for age, other demographic characteristics, comorbid conditions, severity of the myocardial infarction, and premorbid global health status.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In multivariate analyses, women were as likely as men to report at least one problem with communication during the hospitalization (odds ratio [OR] 0.86; 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 0.56 to 1. 33) or at time of discharge (OR 1.24; 95% CI, 0.82 to 1.89) and to report that they were given dietary advice before discharge (OR 0. 60; 95% CI, 0.36 to 1.01), were told what to do if they developed chest pain (OR 1.21; 95% CI, 0.66 to 2.23), or, if they smoked cigarettes, given advice about how to stop smoking (OR 0.64; 95% CI, 0.26 to 1.58). However, 3 months after discharge, women reported worse physical health (P <.05) and mental health (P <.05), were more likely to report spending time in bed because of ill health (OR 1. 80; 95% CI, 1.06, 3.05), and were more likely to report working less than before their myocardial infarction (OR 4.02; 95% CI, 1.58 to 10. 20).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In terms of processes of care measured with patient reports, women with myocardial infarction reported their quality of care to be similar to that of men. However, 3 months following myocardial infarction, women reported worse health status and were less likely to return to work than men.
authors.affiliation: Division of Geriatrics, University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine, and the San Francisco VA Medical Center, San Francisco, CA94121, USA. covinsky@medicine.ucsf.edu
authors.forename: K E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Covinsky
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Chren
authors.forename: D L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Harper
authors.forename: L E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Way
authors.forename: G E
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Rosenthal
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D004651:Employment / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D009820:Ohio; D010043:Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care / Q000379:methods* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D017060:Patient Satisfaction / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012494:Sampling Studies; D012737:Sex Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires