title: MRI of arachnoid granulations within the dural sinuses using a FLAIR pulse sequence.
abstract: The purpose of the study was to assess the signal intensities of arachnoid granulations within the dural sinuses using the FLAIR sequence for differentiation of space-occupying lesions in and adjacent to the dural sinuses. We retrospectively reviewed MR images of the brain of 1118 consecutive subjects, ranging in age from 0 to 93 years (mean 57.2 years). Nodules within the dural sinuses with signal intensities similar to that of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) on both T1 and T2 weighted images were defined as arachnoid granulations. The location, signal intensity on T1 weighted spin echo (SE), T2 weighted fast SE and FLAIR images, the impression on the inner table of the skull, and the size of the lesion were assessed. 112 subjects (10.0%), age range 4-89 years old (mean 58.9 years), were found to have 134 arachnoid granulations. The commonest location was the transverse sinus, with 115 granulations (85.8%). The prevalence of the granulations showed a peak in the sixth decade of age. All granulations were isointense relative to CSF on T2 weighted images and almost all lesions were isointense relative to CSF on T1 weighted images. On FLAIR images, 90.3% of the granulations were isointense relative to CSF and the other 9.7% granulations were slightly hyperintense compared with the CSF. 21 (15.7%) subjects showed impressions on the inner table; one case involved the outer table. In conclusion, arachnoid granulations were isointense or slightly hyperintense relative to CSF on FLAIR. FLAIR images are helpful in differentiating arachnoid granulations from other dural sinus lesions or skull lesions which have an intensity similar to that of CSF on T1 weighted and T2 weighted images.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Miyakonojo Medical Association Hospital, Miyazaki, Japan.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Ikushima
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Korogi
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Makita
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yamura
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kawano
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kohama
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Arikawa
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Takahashi
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001099:Arachnoid / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D002550:Cerebral Veins / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004388:Dura Mater / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D005260:Female; D006097:Granulation Tissue / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D006801:Humans; D018810:Magnetic Resonance Angiography / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011673:Pulsatile Flow; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013346:Subarachnoid Space / Q000033:anatomy & histology