title: Quality of well being in panic disorder: the assessment of psychiatric and general disability.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Panic disorder is a common and debilitating anxiety disorder which significantly disrupts the lives of patients and their family members. Recent epidemiological studies and analyses of data from clinical trials suggest that patients with panic disorder suffer significant work and social dysfunction. The authors hypothesized that this dysfunction could be characterized using both a well-validated, generalized scale of functioning and a specifically designed scale for assessing function in psychiatric patients and that these findings would correlate with symptomatology.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-six patients with panic disorder were characterized using the Sheehan Disability Scale, the Anxiety Sensitivity Index, and the Spielberger State Trait Anxiety Scale. Measures of health related quality of life from the Quality of Well Being Scale were compared with ratings for matched, historical, and population controls.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients with panic disorder lost 39 quality-adjusted days for each year that they lived with the disorder. This decrease in quality of life is similar to what is observed in patients with non-insulin dependent diabetes. Diminished quality of life is correlated with the number of panic attacks, state anxiety, and depressive symptoms. These patients also demonstrated significant dysfunction in Sheehan total disability and subscale scores, including work-related functioning.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study demonstrates that the specific disabilities inherent in panic disorder can be linked to declines in quality of life as measured by the Quality of Well Being Scale and by measures of work-related dysfunction. Such an association between disease specific measures and a generalized measure of health related quality of life may offer clinicians a new tool to understand panic disorder and to conceptualize it within the broader context of disease and disability.
authors.affiliation: Veterans Affairs Medical Center, West Los Angeles Department of General Internal Medicine, 111G, 11301 Wilshire Blvd., Los Angeles, CA 90073, USA.
authors.forename: H C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Rubin
authors.forename: M H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Rapaport
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Levine
authors.forename: J K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Gladsjo
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rabin
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Auerbach
authors.forename: L L
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Judd
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kaplan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D014151:Anti-Anxiety Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015928:Cognitive Behavioral Therapy; D003863:Depression / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D016584:Panic Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D011788:Quality of Life; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012917:Social Adjustment; D014937:Work
chemical_list: D014151:Anti-Anxiety Agents