title: Ecotoxicological risk assessment related to chemicals and pollutants in off-shore oil production.
abstract: Offshore oil production results in environmental discharges of drill cuttings and produced water, contaminated with residuals of exploration and production (E&P) chemicals and formation chemicals. Ecotoxicological risk assessment has been adopted as a tool in environmental chemical management (i.e. reduction of the use and environmental release of chemicals, use of 'green chemicals' and application of non-chemical alternatives). This paper presents an introduction to the basic principles of ecotoxicological risk assessment of offshore E&P chemicals, as it is elaborated in the internationally harmonised CHARM model. In northwestern Europe, this model is used for the purpose of E&P chemicals, notification and environmental care within the offshore oil industry.
authors.affiliation: TNO-MEP, 1780 AB, Den Helder, The Netherlands. m.scholten@mep.tno.nl
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Scholten
authors.forename: C C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Karman
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Huwer
mesh_terms: D004463:Ecology; D019652:Extraction and Processing Industry; D010578:Petroleum; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012623:Seawater; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D010578:Petroleum; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical