title: Up-regulation of muscle UCP2 gene expression by a new beta3-adrenoceptor agonist, trecadrine, in obese (cafeteria) rodents, but down-regulation in lean animals.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The anti-obesity properties of a new beta3-adrenergic agonist (Trecadrine) were examined in a diet-induced obesity model, including the effects on OB and uncoupling protein (UCP-1 and -2) gene expression.
  
  
  METHODS
  Control rats and cafeteria-fed rats were treated with placebo or Trecadrine for 35 days. Leptin and UCP (1 and 2) mRNA levels were determined by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) methodology in adipose tissue and gastrocnemius muscle.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Animals fed a cafeteria diet increased body weight, fat content, white adipose tissue (WAT), brown adipose tissue (BAT) weights and oxygen consumption in relation to lean controls. A rise in plasma leptin, WAT OB gene expression as well as circulating free fatty acids levels was found in obese rats as compared with lean controls. Trecadrine administration to cafeteria-fed animals decreased fat content, WAT weight, circulating leptin and fatty acids concentrations, and WAT OB gene expression, reaching comparable values to lean controls, while WAT O2 consumption was increased in these animals. Also, an increase in BAT UCP1 mRNA levels was found through a two-way analysis of variance in control and obese animals after Trecadrine administration. Gastrocnemius muscle UCP2 gene expression was reduced in lean Trecadrine-treated and diet-induced obese animals as compared to controls, while an increase was found in cafeteria-fed animals after Trecadrine administration. A negative correlation between WAT O2 consumption and UCP2 expression was found in control animals, but not in the cafeteria-fed groups, suggesting a differential response to the beta3-adrenergic compound in lean and obese animals, which is in agreement with the reported statistical interactions between obesity and Trecadrine administration found for WAT O2 consumption and muscle UCP2 expression, as well as for plasma leptin and WAT leptin expression.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The new beta3-adrenergic agonist, Trecadrine, decreases fat content and increases gastrocnemius muscle UCP2 gene expression in a diet-induced obesity model. This sheds additional light on the action mechanism of compounds with affinity for beta3-adrenoceptors and other potential anti-obesity agents.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology and Nutrition, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona (Navarra), Spain.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Berraondo
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Marti
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Duncan
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Trayhurn
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Martínez
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000187:drug effects*; D000318:Adrenergic beta-Agonists / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D001592:Benzyl Alcohols / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017931:DNA Primers; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D007473:Ion Channels; D020738:Leptin / Q000097:blood; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins; D024101:Mitochondrial Proteins; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000187:drug effects*; D009765:Obesity / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011506:Proteins / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D000071246:Uncoupling Protein 2
chemical_list: D000318:Adrenergic beta-Agonists; D001592:Benzyl Alcohols; D017931:DNA Primers; D005227:Fatty Acids; D007473:Ion Channels; D020738:Leptin; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins; D024101:Mitochondrial Proteins; D011506:Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; C000604391:Ucp2 protein, rat; D000071246:Uncoupling Protein 2; C101319:trecadrine