title: Laryngeal or hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma: can follow-up CT after definitive radiation therapy be used to detect local failure earlier than clinical examination alone?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine if follow-up computed tomography (CT) after definitive radiation therapy for laryngeal or hypopharyngeal (laryngopharyngeal) carcinoma allows the detection of local failure earlier than clinical examination alone.
  
  
  METHODS
  Pre- and post-radiation therapy follow-up CT scans in 66 patients were reviewed retrospectively. All patients underwent definitive hyperfractionated radiation therapy and were followed up clinically for at least 2 years after its completion. Post-radiation therapy CT scans (N = 153) were evaluated for posttreatment changes with a three-point score: A score of 1 represented expected posttreatment changes; 2, focal mass with a maximal diameter of less than 1 cm and/or asymmetric obliteration of laryngeal tissue planes; or 3, focal mass with a maximal diameter equal to or greater than 1 cm or estimated tumor volume reduction of less than 50%. All patients underwent the first posttreatment CT study 1-6 months after therapy. New or progressive laryngeal cartilage changes were noted. The clinical impression of the larynx at the time of each follow-up CT scan was also recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In 12 of 29 (41%) patients with treatment failure at the primary site, follow-up CT scans were definite for local failure (score, 3) a mean of 5.5 months (median, 3.5 months; range, 1-17 months) before clinical examination results.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In many patients, follow-up CT shows local failure earlier than does clinical examination alone.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University Hospitals, Leuven, Belgium. robert.hermans@uz.kuleuven.ac.be
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hermans
authors.forename: F A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Pameijer
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Mancuso
authors.forename: J T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Parsons
authors.forename: W M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Mendenhall
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy; D003287:Contrast Media; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007012:Hypopharyngeal Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy; D007822:Laryngeal Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D015996:Survival Rate; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D017211:Treatment Failure
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media