title: Vitrectomy update for macular traction in ocular toxocariasis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the results of modern vitrectomy in traction and combined traction-rhegmatogenous retinal detachment involving the macula in cases of ocular toxocariasis.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a cohort study of patients seen in different institutions in the United States. Ten eyes of 10 patients were studied. Vitrectomy was performed in all eyes, combined with membrane removal, scleral buckle, fluid-gas exchange, silicone oil, or lensectomy in certain cases. The anatomic and visual results of surgery were reviewed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ten eyes from 10 patients ranging in age from 2 to 33 years (median, 6 years) were reviewed. Follow-up ranged from 3 months to 8 years (median, 2 years). All eyes achieved macular attachment following surgery; vision improved in 5 (50%) eyes, and was unchanged in 5 (50%). Histologic specimens from six eyes were reviewed, and revealed combinations of fibrous tissue, eosinophils, plasma cells, lymphocytes, and giant cells. One specimen revealed an encysted Toxocara canis organism.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Inflammation created in response to Toxocara larvae may lead to traction retinal detachment of the macula. Vitreoretinal surgery has a good chance of reattaching the macula and improving vision.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, California Pacific Medical Center, San Francisco, USA.
authors.forename: H I
authors.initials: HI
authors.lastname: Amin
authors.forename: H R
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: McDonald
authors.forename: D P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: G J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Jaffe
authors.forename: M W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lewis
authors.forename: P F
authors.initials: PF
authors.lastname: Lopez
authors.forename: W F
authors.initials: WF
authors.lastname: Mieler
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Neuwirth
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sternberg
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Werner
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ai
authors.forename: R N
authors.initials: RN
authors.lastname: Johnson
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D000909:Antibodies, Helminth / Q000032:analysis; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D019773:Epiretinal Membrane / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D015822:Eye Infections, Parasitic / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008266:Macula Lutea / Q000469:parasitology / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D012163:Retinal Detachment / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012591:Scleral Buckling; D017166:Toxocara canis / Q000276:immunology / Q000302:isolation & purification; D014120:Toxocariasis / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D014792:Visual Acuity; D014821:Vitrectomy; D014822:Vitreous Body / Q000276:immunology / Q000469:parasitology
chemical_list: D000909:Antibodies, Helminth