title: Regulation of intracellular calcium by a signalling complex of IRAG, IP3 receptor and cGMP kinase Ibeta.
abstract: Calcium release from the endoplasmic reticulum controls a number of cellular processes, including proliferation and contraction of smooth muscle and other cells. Calcium release from inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3)-sensitive stores is negatively regulated by binding of calmodulin to the IP3 receptor (IP3R) and the NO/cGMP/cGMP kinase I (cGKI) signalling pathway. Activation of cGKI decreases IP3-stimulated elevations in intracellular calcium, induces smooth muscle relaxation and contributes to the antiproliferative and pro-apoptotic effects of NO/cGMP. Here we show that, in microsomal smooth muscle membranes, cGKIbeta phosphorylated the IP3R and cGKIbeta, and a protein of relative molecular mass 125,000 which we now identify as the IP3R-associated cGMP kinase substrate (IRAG). These proteins were co-immunoprecipitated by antibodies directed against cGKI, IP3R or IRAG. IRAG was found in many tissues including aorta, trachea and uterus, and was localized perinuclearly after heterologous expression in COS-7 cells. Bradykinin-stimulated calcium release was not affected by the expression of either IRAG or cGKIbeta, which we tested in the absence and presence of cGMP. However, calcium release was inhibited after co-expression of IRAG and cGKIbeta in the presence of cGMP. These results identify IRAG as an essential NO/cGKI-dependent regulator of IP3-induced calcium release.
authors.affiliation: Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie der Technischen Universität München, Germany.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Schlossmann
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ammendola
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ashman
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zong
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Huber
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Neubauer
authors.forename: G X
authors.initials: GX
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: H D
authors.initials: HD
authors.lastname: Allescher
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Korth
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wilm
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Hofmann
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ruth
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001920:Bradykinin / Q000494:pharmacology; D019556:COS Cells; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism*; D015220:Calcium Channels / Q000378:metabolism*; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D002417:Cattle; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D006152:Cyclic GMP / Q000378:metabolism; D015544:Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate / Q000378:metabolism*; D053496:Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate Receptors; D007425:Intracellular Membranes / Q000378:metabolism; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D008861:Microsomes / Q000378:metabolism; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009130:Muscle, Smooth / Q000378:metabolism; D010750:Phosphoproteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D010766:Phosphorylation; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear / Q000378:metabolism*; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D015220:Calcium Channels; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D053496:Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate Receptors; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; C406072:MRVI1 protein, Bos taurus; D010750:Phosphoproteins; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; C015482:protein kinase modulator; D015544:Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate; D006152:Cyclic GMP; D001920:Bradykinin; D002118:Calcium