title: An unreported risk in the use of home nasal continuous positive airway pressure and home nasal ventilation in children: mid-face hypoplasia.
abstract: We report the case of a 15-year-old boy with obstructive sleep apnea and obesity who was treated since the age of 5 with nasal continuous positive airway pressure. Due to the long-term use of a nasal mask, the child developed a mid-face hypoplasia. Chronic use of a nasal mask for home ventilation in children should always be associated with regular evaluations of maxillomandibular growth.
authors.affiliation: Center of Excellence in Sleep Disorders Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA.
authors.forename: K K
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: R W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Riley
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Guilleminault
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002508:Cephalometry; D006801:Humans; D008134:Long-Term Care; D008297:Male; D008313:Malocclusion, Angle Class III / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology*; D008397:Masks; D009767:Obesity, Morbid / Q000150:complications; D011175:Positive-Pressure Respiration / Q000295:instrumentation*; D011859:Radiography; D020181:Sleep Apnea, Obstructive / Q000628:therapy*