title: "I already stopped": abstinence prior to treatment.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine pre-treatment abstinence rates among treatment seekers and identify factors associated with pre-treatment abstinence. To evaluate the association between pre-treatment abstinence and subsequent outcome.
  
  
  METHODS
  An observational study using data collected for a randomized, experimental design.
  
  
  METHODS
  Conducted with participants immediately after assessment for publicly funded substance abuse treatment at the King County Assessment Center (KCAC) in Seattle.
  
  
  METHODS
  People referred for outpatient or inpatient treatment by KCAC who had illicit drug use in the previous 90 days (N = 565). Participants waited a median of 12 days (range = 0-108 days) until either treatment entry or waiting-list dropout.
  
  
  METHODS
  A modified Drug History Questionnaire quantified drug use at baseline, treatment entry or waiting-list dropout and 3 months later. Other measurement methods: Stages of Change Readiness and Treatment Eagerness Scale, participant confidence ratings and KCAC chart review.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sample-wide, 45% of participants reported abstinence from initial assessment to when they entered or failed to enter treatment. Higher rates of abstinence were associated with shorter waiting periods, less substance use prior to initial assessment and higher scores on change readiness. Pre-treatment abstinence was not associated with either treatment entry or completion. There was a non-significant trend towards less improvement in substance use with pre-treatment abstinence, with the greatest effect observed for short waits.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Participants can become abstinent prior to treatment, but this is not a good predictor of treatment entry, completion or outcome. A decisional balance strategy may be a more productive use of client and treatment program energy.
authors.affiliation: Project STOP, Seattle, WA 98104, USA.
authors.forename: D B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Rosengren
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Downey
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Donovan
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012648:Self Care / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014850:Waiting Lists