title: Simultaneous determination of ephedrine, pseudoephedrine, norephedrine and methylephedrine in Kampo medicines by high-performance liquid chromatography.
abstract: A simultaneous high-performance liquid chromatographic method for the determination of ephedrine, pseudoephedrine, norephedrine and methylephedrine (ephedrine alkaloids) in Kampo medicines which contain Ephedrae Herba was established. The analysis can be accomplished within 25 min with a Wakosil-II 5C18 HG column by isocratic elution using a mixture of water, acetonitrile and sodium dodecyl sulfate (65:35:0.4) as the mobile phase at a flow-rate of 1.0 ml min(-1), and detection at 210 nm. The detection limits of ephedrine alkaloids are 0.37-1.06 microM per injection (5 microl). This method was applied to analyze the quantities in eight Kampo decoctions; Mao-to, Makyo-yokukan-to, Makyo-kanseki-to, Yokuinin-to, Sho-seiryu-to, Keima-kakuhan-to, Kakkon-to and Kakkon-to-ka-senkyu-sin'i. The concentration (per Ephedrae Herba gram) of ephedrine alkaloids was higher in the Makyo-kanseki-to decoction than in the others. Calcium sulfate from Gypsum Fibrosum raised ephedrine alkaloids dissolution in the Makyo-kanseki-to decoction.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuyama University, Hiroshima, Japan.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Okamura
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Miki
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Harada
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yamashita
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Masaoka
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nakamoto
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tsuguma
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yoshitomi
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yagi
mesh_terms: D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants / Q000032:analysis*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal / Q000032:analysis*; D004809:Ephedrine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000032:analysis*; D020835:Medicine, Kampo; D010665:Phenylpropanolamine / Q000032:analysis; D012015:Reference Standards; D012996:Solutions; D012997:Solvents
chemical_list: D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal; D012996:Solutions; D012997:Solvents; D010665:Phenylpropanolamine; C041707:N-methylephedrine; D004809:Ephedrine