title: Manual versus image analysis estimation of PCNA in breast carcinoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare manual to image analysis estimation of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) expression in paraffin sections of breast carcinomas.
  
  
  METHODS
  Paraffin sections of 51 breast carcinomas were stained with primary antibody to PCNA. Nuclear PCNA expression in 100 randomly selected tumor cells from marked areas was manually graded from 0 to 3. Antigen expression was also calculated by a cell analysis system (CAS-200, Becton Dickinson, Elmhurst, Illinois, U.S.A.) from marked and random microscopic fields. Obtained proliferative index (PI) from both methods was compared.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Manually calculated PI correlated strongly with the CAS-200-calculated PI (P < .01). The highest correlation was seen between the CAS-200 PI value and manually calculated PI value using grade 2 and 3 nuclei. A particularly high correlation was noted between the number of positive nuclei and antigen staining area (P < .01) as estimated by the CAS-200.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Nuclear expression of PCNA and other nuclear antigens can be accurately evaluated by an image analysis system. The speed and objectivity of such machines allow the evaluation of larger parts of tissues and provide more-representative antigen expression profiles.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Cytology, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Safat, Kuwait. issam@hsc.kuniv.edu.kw
authors.forename: I M
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: Francis
authors.forename: M O
authors.initials: MO
authors.lastname: Adeyanju
authors.forename: S S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: George
authors.forename: T A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Junaid
authors.forename: U K
authors.initials: UK
authors.lastname: Luthra
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology*; D018270:Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology*; D003936:Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods; D001330:Electronic Data Processing; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D016612:Paraffin Embedding; D011379:Prognosis; D018809:Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen / Q000032:analysis*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results
chemical_list: D018809:Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen