title: Subtypes of the somatostatin receptor assemble as functional homo- and heterodimers.
abstract: The existence of receptor dimers has been proposed for several G protein-coupled receptors. However, the question of whether G protein-coupled receptor dimers are necessary for activating or modulating normal receptor function is unclear. We address this question with somatostatin receptors (SSTRs) of which there are five distinct subtypes. By using transfected mutant and wild type receptors, as well as endogenous receptors, we provide pharmacological, biochemical, and physical evidence, based on fluorescence resonance energy transfer analysis, that activation by ligand induces SSTR dimerization, both homo- and heterodimerization with other members of the SSTR family, and that dimerization alters the functional properties of the receptor such as ligand binding affinity and agonist-induced receptor internalization and up-regulation. Double label confocal fluorescence microscopy showed that when SSTR1 and SSTR5 subtypes were coexpressed in Chinese hamster ovary-K1 cells and treated with agonist they underwent internalization and were colocalized in cytoplasmic vesicles. SSTR5 formed heterodimers with SSTR1 but not with SSTR4 suggesting that heterodimerization is a specific process that is restricted to some but not all receptor subtype combinations. Direct protein interaction between different members of the SSTR subfamily defines a new level of molecular cross-talk between subtypes of the SSTR and possibly related receptor families.
authors.affiliation: Fraser Laboratories, Departments of Medicine, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, and Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University and Royal Victoria Hospital, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1A1, Canada.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rocheville
authors.forename: D C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Lange
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sasi
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.forename: Y C
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Patel
mesh_terms: D019281:Dimerization; D004735:Energy Transfer; D005453:Fluorescence; D006801:Humans; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000378:metabolism; D011487:Protein Conformation; D017481:Receptors, Somatostatin / Q000737:chemistry / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000145:classification / Q000378:metabolism; D013004:Somatostatin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D008565:Membrane Proteins; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D017481:Receptors, Somatostatin; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; C098681:somatostatin receptor subtype-4; C101130:somatostatin receptor type 1; D013004:Somatostatin; C094573:somatostatin receptor 5