title: Telomerase in human bladder cancer.
abstract: Biomarkers for human bladder cancer are currently available and more are being developed. However, the ultimate goal of diagnosing bladder cancer consistently in a noninvasive fashion has not yet been achieved. Telomerase is an enzyme that may play a role in maintaining telomere sequences in the ends of chromosomes and its activity may reflect the presence of immortal or cancer cells. In this article, we reviewed the potential applications of telomerase in the diagnosis, monitoring, and treatment of human bladder cancer.
authors.affiliation: Division of Urology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. DrLiu@aol.com
authors.forename: B C
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: K R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Loughlin
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D019098:Telomerase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D019098:Telomerase