title: A Wallerian degeneration pattern in patients at risk for MS.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Demyelination alone may not explain the progressive disability that frequently develops in MS. An alternative explanation for irreversible disability assumes a contribution from axonal injury or loss. In theory, axonal injury may occur in the focal areas characterized by early inflammation, or can be more distant, as in Wallerian degeneration. However, Wallerian degeneration is thought of as a rare or a late finding in MS.
  
  
  METHODS
  Studies showing a classic Wallerian degeneration pattern in the corticospinal tract were selected from a review of MR studies from patients enrolled in a longitudinal treatment trial. Entry was based on first occurrence of an isolated neurologic syndrome consistent with MS and a positive MRI.
  
  
  RESULTS
  This report is based on five cases followed longitudinally who showed development of a classic T2-hyperintense lesion along the ipsilateral corticospinal tract, subsequent to an initial inciting event located in the white matter located in the superior aspect of the corona radiata. Lesions were evident as T2-hyperintensity persisting throughout the 12 to 18 months of observation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This series suggests that Wallerian degeneration, implying axonal injury, may occur as a sequela of acute demyelinating lesions in patients presenting with their first symptoms suggestive of MS. This can produce a component of the increasing burden of T2-hyperintense lesions temporally and spatially dissociated from inflammatory or demyelinating activity. Further studies are required to determine if Wallerian degeneration is an important factor contributing to disability progression in MS.
authors.affiliation: Neuroradiology/MRI Department, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver 80262, USA. jack.simon@uchsc.edu
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Simon
authors.forename: R P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Kinkel
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Jacobs
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bub
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Simonian
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000473:pathology*; D014855:Wallerian Degeneration / Q000473:pathology*