title: The effect of a maxillary lip bumper on tooth positions.
abstract: The effect of the use of a lip bumper with anterior vestibular shields on the maxilla was studied in twenty-two 9-14-year-old children with a space deficiency in the maxillary dental arch. The lip bumper was used for 1 year. The effect of the treatment was evaluated from dental casts and profile cephalograms made before and after treatment. Both the width of the maxillary dental arch at the premolars and the length of the arch increased significantly by about 2 mm. The effect of the treatment on the antero-posterior position of the first molars was small. In one subject the molar was distalized 2.8 mm. The average effect was, however, a reduction in the anterior movement of the molar within the face by about 0.5 mm, i.e. the maxilla moved anteriorly 1 mm, but the molar only 0.4 mm. No skeletal effects were found when the group of subjects treated with a lip bumper was compared with a reference sample of untreated individuals. The main effects of a maxillary lip bumper thus seem to be a widening of the dental arch across the premolars, a moderate increase in arch length due to eruption and slight proclination of the incisors, and moderate distal tipping of the first molars.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, University of Bern, Switzerland.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Häsler
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ingervall
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002508:Cephalometry; D002648:Child; D003724:Dental Arch / Q000254:growth & development / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007180:Incisor; D008046:Lip / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D008310:Malocclusion / Q000628:therapy*; D008313:Malocclusion, Angle Class III / Q000517:prevention & control; D008437:Maxilla / Q000254:growth & development; D017289:Orthodontic Appliances, Functional; D012016:Reference Values; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D014087:Tooth Movement Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation*