title: Is ESES/CSWS a strictly age-related disorder?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We report on a case of ESES/CSWS observed in a patient of 21 years and still persisting at the age of 25. Cases of ESES/CSWS have never been previously described in adult patients. ESES/CSWS is considered to be related to the degree of maturation of the central nervous system, and therefore strictly age-related.
  
  
  METHODS
  Our case of ESES/CSWS was observed in a 2 1 year old woman referred for cognitive and behavioral disorders. She had previously had epileptic fits, but was seizure free at that time. The patient underwent a full-night polygraphic recording , which showed typical ESES/CSWS pattern, with a Spike-and-Wave Index >8 5%. Polysomnography was repeated 9 times in a 4 year follow-up, during which the ESES/CSWS condition persisted, despite the pharmacological treatments. The patient also underwent cerebral magnetic resonance imaging and fludeoxyglucose F 18 positron emission tomography (PET).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The PET study revealed reduced metabolic activity within the lower gyrus of the right parietal lobe, but no significant difference between subcortical structures and cortical mantle was seen. MRI scans were normal.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This observation suggests that ESES/CSWS might not always be an age-related condition. Sleep EEG recordings should always be performed in patients with behavioral disorders and a history of epileptic fits.
authors.affiliation: Unit of Child Neuropsychiatry, Policlinico Gemelli, Catholic University, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mariotti
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Della Marca
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Iuvone
authors.forename: G F
authors.initials: GF
authors.lastname: Mennuni
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Guazzelli
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Marchetti
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mazza
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001921:Brain / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D017286:Polysomnography; D012890:Sleep / Q000502:physiology*; D013226:Status Epilepticus / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*; D014055:Tomography, Emission-Computed