title: A comparison of tangent screen, goldmann, and humphrey perimetry in the detection and localization of occipital lesions.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare manual kinetic perimetry with tangent screen and Goldmann techniques and automated static perimetry with the Humphrey Field Analyzer in the detection and localization of occipital lobe lesions.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective consecutive comparative case series.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twelve patients with well-defined occipital lobe infarcts on magnetic resonance (MR) imaging were studied.
  
  
  METHODS
  The patients were tested by tangent screen, Goldmann, and Humphrey perimetry (central 30-2 threshold program). The three visual fields were compared and correlated with MR images.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All three perimetric techniques detected the presence of postchiasmal lesions. However, localization of lesions differed with perimetric technique. Visual fields obtained from tangent screen and Goldmann perimetry were similar and corresponded well with the location of lesions on MR images in all 12 patients. Humphrey perimetry inaccurately localized the lesion to the proximal part of the postchiasmal pathway by revealing incongruous fields in two patients, failed to detect sparing of the posterior occipital cortex or occipital pole in four patients, and estimated a larger extent of damage in one patient when compared with MR images and manual perimetry.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  All three perimetric techniques are satisfactory screening tests to detect occipital lesions. However, tangent screen and Goldmann perimetry provide information about the location and extent of lesions that is more consistent with prevailing knowledge of the effects of the lesion in the postgeniculate visual pathway.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, University Health Network, Toronto Western Hospital, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Sharpe
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002544:Cerebral Infarction / Q000175:diagnosis*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009778:Occipital Lobe / Q000473:pathology*; D009897:Optic Chiasm / Q000473:pathology; D011446:Prospective Studies; D014786:Vision Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis*; D058609:Visual Field Tests / Q000379:methods*; D014794:Visual Fields; D014795:Visual Pathways / Q000473:pathology