title: Coronary and systemic hemodynamic effects of clevidipine, an ultra-short-acting calcium antagonist, for treatment of hypertension after coronary artery surgery.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim was to evaluate the use of clevidipine, a new vascular selective, ultra-short-acting calcium antagonist for blood pressure control after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG).
  
  
  METHODS
  The effects of clevidipine on central hemodynamics, myocardial blood flow and metabolism were studied at two different phases after CABG. In phase 1 (n=13), the hypertensive phase, the effects of clevidipine were compared to those of sodium nitroprusside (SNP) when used to control postoperative hypertension. In phase 2 (n=9), the normotensive phase, a clevidipine dose-response relationship was established.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At a target mean arterial pressure (MAP) of 75 mmHg, systemic vascular resistance (SVR) and heart rate (HR) were lower, preload, stroke volume (SV) and pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) were higher, while there were no differences in myocardial lactate metabolism or oxygen extraction with clevidipine compared to SNP. In the normotensive phase, clevidipine induced a dose-dependent decrease in MAP (-19%), SVR (-27%) and PVR (-15%), accompanied by an increase in SV (10%), but no reflex increase in HR or changes in cardiac preload. Clevidipine caused a direct coronary vasodilation, as indicated by a decrease in myocardial oxygen extraction from 54% to 45%. Myocardial lactate metabolism was unaffected by clevidipine. The blood clearance of clevidipine was 0.05 l x min(-1) x kg(-1), the volume of distribution at steady state was 0.08 l x kg(-1) and the initial and terminal half-lives were <1 min and 4 min, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Clevidipine rapidly reduced MAP and induced a systemic, pulmonary and coronary vasodilation with no effect on venous capacitance vessels or HR. Clevidipine caused no adverse effects on myocardial lactate metabolism. Clevidipine thus appears suitable to control blood pressure after CABG.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborg, Sweden.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kieler-Jensen
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jolin-Mellgård
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nordlander
authors.forename: S E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Ricksten
mesh_terms: D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001026:Coronary Artery Bypass; D003326:Coronary Circulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000188:drug therapy*; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism; D009599:Nitroprusside / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D011725:Pyridines / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers; D011725:Pyridines; D009599:Nitroprusside; C118563:clevidipine