title: Coronary and cardiovascular risk estimation for primary prevention: validation of a new Sheffield table in the 1995 Scottish health survey population.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the accuracy of a new version of the Sheffield table designed to aid decisions on lipids screening and detect thresholds for risk of coronary heart disease needed to implement current guidelines for primary prevention of cardiovascular disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  Comparison of decisions made on the basis of the table with absolute risk of coronary heart disease or cardiovascular disease calculated by the Framingham risk function. The decisions related to statin treatment when coronary risk is >/=30% over 10 years; aspirin treatment when the risk is >/=15% over 10 years; and the treatment of mild hypertension when the cardiovascular risk is >/=20% over 10 years.
  
  
  METHODS
  The table is designed for use in general practice.
  
  
  METHODS
  Random sample of 1000 people aged 35-64 years from the 1995 Scottish health survey.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of the table.
  
  
  RESULTS
  13% of people had a coronary risk of >/=15%, and 2. 2% a risk of >/=30%, over 10 years. 22% had mild hypertension (systolic blood pressure 140-159 mm Hg). The table indicated lipids screening for everyone with a coronary risk of >/=15% over 10 years, for 95% of people with a ratio of total cholesterol to high density lipoprotein cholesterol of >/=8.0, but for <50% with a coronary risk of <5% over 10 years. Sensitivity and specificity were 97% and 95% respectively for a coronary risk of >/=15% over 10 years; 82% and 99% for a coronary risk of >/=30% over 10 years; and 88% and 90% for a cardiovascular risk of >/=20% over 10 years in mild hypertension.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The table identifies all high risk people for lipids screening, reduces screening of low risk people by more than half, and ensures that treatments are prescribed appropriately to those at high risk, while avoiding inappropriate treatment of people at low risk.
authors.affiliation: Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield S10 2JF.
authors.forename: E J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Wallis
authors.forename: L E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Ramsay
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Ul Haq
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ghahramani
authors.forename: P R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Jackson
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Rowland-Yeo
authors.forename: W W
authors.initials: WW
authors.lastname: Yeo
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000097:blood* / Q000517:prevention & control; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood*; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000097:blood / Q000517:prevention & control; D005260:Female; D019538:Health Care Surveys; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008403:Mass Screening; D008875:Middle Aged; D018579:Patient Selection; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012016:Reference Values; D018570:Risk Assessment / Q000379:methods; D012606:Scotland; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
chemical_list: D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D002784:Cholesterol