title: Effect of thione primers on bonding of noble metal alloys with an adhesive resin.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the effects of two metal conditioners on the bond durability of an adhesive resin joined to noble metal alloys by comparing pre- and post-thermocycling bond strengths.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two different sizes of disk specimens (10 and 8mm in diameter by 2.5mm thickness) were prepared from silver-indium (Ag-In-Zn, Salivan), silver-palladium-copper-gold (Ag-Pd-Cu, Castwell M.C.12), metal-ceramic gold (Au-Pt-Pd, Degudent-Universal), metal-ceramic palladium (Pd-Ga-Co, PTM 88), type IV gold (type IV, Casting Gold) alloys, and pure silver (pure Ag). The specimens were air-abraded with 50-microm grain sized alumina, conditioned either with a thiouracil primer (Metaltite) or with a thione-phosphate primer (Alloy Primer), then bonded with an adhesive resin (Super-Bond Opaque). Shear bond strengths were determined both before and after repeated thermocycling (4 degrees C and 60 degrees C, 1min each, 100, 000cycles). The results were compared by analysis of variance and post-hoc multiple comparison intervals.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The average post-thermocycling bond strengths in MPa (n=8) generated with the thiouracil primed and thione-phosphate primed groups, respectively, were: 3.4 and 5.8 for the Ag-In-Zn alloy, 40.4 and 37.7 for the Ag-Pd-Cu alloy, 26.4 and 33.5 for the Au-Pt-Pd alloy, 27.4 and 36.6 for the Pd-Ga-Co alloy, 40.2 and 40.3 for the type IV alloy, and 37.3 and 32.4 for the pure Ag. The Ag-In-Zn alloy exhibited significantly lower bond strength than the other alloys, whereas the Ag-Pd-Cu and type IV alloys exhibited the greatest magnitude of bond strength for both primers (p<0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It can be concluded that the combined use of either of the two thione primers and the adhesive resin is effective for bonding the metal/alloys examined, with the exception of the Ag-In-Zn alloy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Fixed Prosthodontics, Nagasaki University School of Dentistry, 1-7-1, Sakamoto, Nagasaki, Japan. hmatsu@net.nagasaki-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Matsumura
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kamada
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Tanoue
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Atsuta
mesh_terms: D000268:Adhesiveness; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001896:Boron Compounds / Q000737:chemistry*; D003722:Dental Alloys / Q000737:chemistry*; D001840:Dental Bonding; D017220:Dentin-Bonding Agents / Q000737:chemistry*; D006047:Gold Alloys / Q000737:chemistry; D006358:Hot Temperature; D008422:Materials Testing; D016876:Metal Ceramic Alloys / Q000737:chemistry; D008689:Methacrylates / Q000737:chemistry*; D008768:Methylmethacrylates / Q000737:chemistry*; D019279:Resin Cements / Q000737:chemistry*; D012834:Silver / Q000737:chemistry; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D013718:Tensile Strength; D013871:Thiones / Q000737:chemistry; D013889:Thiouracil / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D001896:Boron Compounds; D003722:Dental Alloys; D017220:Dentin-Bonding Agents; D006047:Gold Alloys; D016876:Metal Ceramic Alloys; D008689:Methacrylates; D008768:Methylmethacrylates; D019279:Resin Cements; D013871:Thiones; C009523:tri-n-butylborane; D012834:Silver; D013889:Thiouracil; C049495:Super-bond