title: A fenfluramine-activated FDG-PET study of borderline personality disorder.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Impulsive aggression in patients with personality disorders is associated with diminished levels of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) 5-HIAA, blunted neuroendocrine responses to serotonergic agonists, and decreased glucose utilization in the prefrontal cortex. We tested the hypothesis that impulsive aggression in borderline personality disorder (BPD) may be associated with diminished serotonergic regulation in the prefrontal cortex, using positron-emission tomography (PET) neuroimaging during pharmacologic challenge with d,l fenfluramine (FEN).
  
  
  METHODS
  A 2-day, single-blind, placebo-controlled FEN challenge study was conducted in five patients with BPD (and no Axis I MDD) and eight healthy control participants. On Day 1, 4 mCi [(18)F]-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) was injected 3 hours after ingestion of placebo; on Day 2, FDG was injected 3 hours after ingestion of.8 mg/kg to 60 mg of d,l fenfluramine. After 30 min, a 45-min emission scan was acquired on the Siemans/CTI 951r/31 scanner. PET data were aligned to MR images and analyzed by Statistical Parametric Mapping (SPM96).
  
  
  RESULTS
  In response to placebo, uptake of FDG was greater in control participants than patients in large areas of the prefrontal cortex including medial and orbital regions bilaterally (BA 10-11), left superior temporal gyrus, and right insular cortex. There were no areas in which patients had greater relative regional uptake than control participants. In response to FEN, relative regional uptake of FDG (relative to placebo) was greater in control participants compared to patients in medial and orbital regions of right prefrontal cortex (BA 10), left middle and superior temporal gyri (BA 22-23), left parietal lobe (BA 40), and left caudate body.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients with BPD have diminished response to serotonergic stimulation in areas of prefrontal cortex associated with regulation of impulsive behavior.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
authors.forename: P H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Soloff
authors.forename: C C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Meltzer
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Greer
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Constantine
authors.forename: T M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Kelly
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001883:Borderline Personality Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000378:metabolism; D001921:Brain / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D005277:Fenfluramine / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18 / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007175:Impulsive Behavior / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017397:Prefrontal Cortex / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals / Q000378:metabolism*; D017367:Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D014055:Tomography, Emission-Computed
chemical_list: D005277:Fenfluramine; D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D017367:Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors