title: Gene dosage affects the cardiac and brain phenotype in nonmuscle myosin II-B-depleted mice.
abstract: Complete ablation of nonmuscle myosin heavy chain II-B (NMHC-B) in mice resulted in cardiac and brain defects that were lethal during embryonic development or on the day of birth. In this paper, we report on the generation of mice with decreased amounts of NMHC-B. First, we generated B(DeltaI)/B(DeltaI) mice by replacing a neural-specific alternative exon with the PGK-Neo cassette. This resulted in decreased amounts of NMHC-B in all tissues, including a decrease of 88% in the heart and 65% in the brain compared with B(+)/B(+) tissues. B(DeltaI)/B(DeltaI) mice developed cardiac myocyte hypertrophy between 7 months and 11 months of age, at which time they reexpressed the cardiac beta-MHC. Serial sections of B(DeltaI)/B(DeltaI) brains showed abnormalities in neural cell migration and adhesion in the ventricular wall. Crossing B(DeltaI)/B(DeltaI) with B(+)/B(-) mice generated B(DeltaI)/B(-) mice, which showed a further decrease of approximately 55% in NMHC-B in the heart and brain compared with B(DeltaI)/B(DeltaI) mice. Five of 8 B(DeltaI)/B(-) mice were born with a membranous ventricular septal defect. Moreover, 5 of 5 B(DeltaI)/B(-) mice developed myocyte hypertrophy by 1 month; B(DeltaI)/B(-) mice also reexpressed the cardiac beta-MHC. More than 60% of B(DeltaI)/B(-) mice developed overt hydrocephalus and showed more severe defects in neural cell migration and adhesion than did B(DeltaI)/B(DeltaI) mice. These data on B(DeltaI)/B(DeltaI) and B(DeltaI)/B(-) mice demonstrate a gene dosage effect of the amount of NMHC-B on the severity and time of onset of the defects in the heart and brain.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1762, USA.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Uren
authors.forename: H K
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Hwang
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hara
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Takeda
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kawamoto
authors.forename: A N
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Tullio
authors.forename: Z X
authors.initials: ZX
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: V J
authors.initials: VJ
authors.lastname: Ferrans
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Tresser
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Grinberg
authors.forename: Y A
authors.initials: YA
authors.lastname: Preston
authors.forename: R S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Adelstein
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology*; D048429:Cell Size; D018628:Gene Dosage; D006343:Heart Septal Defects / Q000235:genetics; D006651:Histocytochemistry; D006849:Hydrocephalus / Q000235:genetics; D019868:Kanamycin Kinase / Q000235:genetics; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D051379:Mice; D009206:Myocardium / Q000473:pathology*; D018995:Myosin Heavy Chains / Q000172:deficiency / Q000235:genetics*; D010641:Phenotype; D010735:Phosphoglycerate Kinase / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D019868:Kanamycin Kinase; D010735:Phosphoglycerate Kinase; D018995:Myosin Heavy Chains