title: Psychometric measures of individual change: an empirical comparison with the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  An empirical comparison of treatment efficacy estimates as based on psychometric measures of intra-individual change (Reliable Change methods).
  
  
  METHODS
  All seven different methods of assessing Reliable Change that have been advocated in the past two decades are compared empirically in a large in-patient sample (n = 107). Estimates of treatment efficacy by each of these seven Reliable Change methods are computed, using pre-/post-score changes on the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS).
  
  
  RESULTS
  It is demonstrated that Reliable Change methods may yield very different estimates of treatment efficacy. The Reliable Change method with the fewest statistical assumptions is one of the least sensitive Reliable Change methods.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Disagreement on the proper definition of Reliable Change is not merely of theoretical importance, but also has major practical implications.
authors.affiliation: Sinai Centre, Jewish Mental Health Services, Amersfoort, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hafkenscheid
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007206:Individuality; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000628:therapy*; D008875:Middle Aged; D010043:Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care; D010343:Patient Admission; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011594:Psychometrics; D015203:Reproducibility of Results