title: Immunoadjuvant activities of E. coli- and plasmid-expressed recombinant chicken IFN-alpha/beta, IFN-gamma and IL-1beta in 1-day- and 3-week-old chickens.
abstract: In the present study we assessed the capacity of recombinant E. coli- or plasmid-expressed chicken interferons (IFN) and chicken IL-1beta, to exert immunostimulatory activities for humoral immune responses, in day-old and adult chickens. We observed that both recombinant E. coli-expressed chicken IFN-alpha/beta and IFN-gamma facilitated the induction of a primary and also a secondary antibody response, using tetanus toxoid (TT) as a bacterial model antigen, in immunologically mature 3-week-old chickens. In contrast, no improvement of antibody either type of chicken IFN was co-injected with inactivated Infectious Bursal Disease Virus (IBDV) antigen. TT-specific antibody formation was marginally increased by co-injection of recombinant E. coli-expressed chicken IL-1beta. Combined administration of IFN-alpha/beta plus IFN-gamma or IL-beta increased responses to TT in an additive, but not synergistic fashion. Remarkably, no augmentation of antibody responses specific for TT, nor IBDV, was noted in day-old birds, receiving IFN-alpha/beta or IFN-gamma as adjuvant. Also, intramuscular immunization of 3-week-old birds, using plasmids encoding IFN-alpha/beta together with TT protein antigen, significantly increased the speed and magnitude of TT-specific antibody responses. Plasmids encoding chicken IL-beta or IFN-gamma had a minimal or inhibitory effect, respectively. These data indicate a potential for chicken cytokines as immunoadjuvant for particular types of chicken vaccine antigens.
authors.affiliation: Department of Vaccine Technology and Immunology, Intervet Int. B.V., P.O. Box 31, 5830 AA, Boxmeer, The Netherlands. virgil.schijns@intervet.akzonobel.nl
authors.forename: V E
authors.initials: VE
authors.lastname: Schijns
authors.forename: K C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Weining
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Nuijten
authors.forename: E O
authors.initials: EO
authors.lastname: Rijke
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Staeheli
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D000367:Age Factors; D000818:Animals; D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D002645:Chickens / Q000254:growth & development / Q000276:immunology*; D003017:Clostridium tetani / Q000276:immunology; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D007243:Infectious bursal disease virus / Q000276:immunology*; D007273:Injections, Intramuscular; D016898:Interferon-alpha / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D010957:Plasmids / Q000235:genetics; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000276:immunology; D013047:Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms; D013745:Tetanus Toxoid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology*; D014611:Vaccination; D014765:Viral Vaccines / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial; D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D016898:Interferon-alpha; D007375:Interleukin-1; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D013745:Tetanus Toxoid; D014765:Viral Vaccines; D007371:Interferon-gamma