title: Lower extremity compensations following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Several studies have demonstrated that patients with knee injury scored within a normal range during one-legged hop tests, yet showed quadriceps femoris muscle weakness with non-weight-bearing isokinetic testing. This study evaluated lower-extremity kinetics while subjects performed a single-leg vertical jump (VJ) and a lateral step-up (LSU) in an attempt to explain this phenomenon.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using a motion analysis and force platform system, hip, knee, and ankle extension moments of 20 subjects with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstructions and 20 matched subjects were measured while they performed an LSU and a VJ.
  
  
  RESULTS
  An analysis of variance revealed that the knee extension moment of the ACL-reconstructed extremity was lower than that of the uninjured and matched extremities during the LSU, VJ take-off, and VJ landing. However, there was no difference in summated extension moment (hip + knee + ankle) among extremities during the LSU and VJ take-off. The summated extension moment of the ACL-reconstructed extremity during VJ landing was less than that of the uninvolved and matched extremities.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that the hip or ankle extensors may compensate for the knee extension moment deficit. The decrease in summated extension moment in the ACL-reconstructed extremity during VJ landing represents inadequate attenuation of landing forces, which may expose the skeleton and joint structures to injury.
authors.affiliation: 182 Artillery Post Rd, Fort Sam Houston, TX 78234, USA. gernst@juno. com.
authors.forename: G P
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Ernst
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Saliba
authors.forename: D R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Diduch
authors.forename: S R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Hurwitz
authors.forename: D W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Ball
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D016118:Anterior Cruciate Ligament / Q000601:surgery*; D000070598:Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007700:Kinetics; D007718:Knee Injuries / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000534:rehabilitation / Q000601:surgery*; D007866:Leg / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D009068:Movement