title: Interleukin-6 sensitizes multiple myeloma cell lines for apoptosis induced by interferon-alpha.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a multifunctional cytokine affecting growth and survival of normal B cell lineage and multiple myeloma cells. To test the hypothesis that IL-6, as well as other hematopoietic growth factors, may enhance apoptosis of target cells, we investigated the effect of IL-6 on myeloma cells in the presence of IFN-alpha, which is prescribed for patients with multiple myeloma.
  
  
  METHODS
  Four myeloma cell lines, PCM6, NOP-2, U266, RPMI8226 were tested. We determined the induction of apoptosis by flow cytometry, using an FITC-Annexin V.
  
  
  RESULTS
  IFN-alpha induced apoptosis on myeloma cell lines, and this apoptosis was further enhanced in the presence of IL-6, via activation of caspase 3. During induction of this apoptosis, the expression of c-Myc and Fas increased. The addition of IL-6 further increased the expression of Fas, but not that of c-Myc. Bcl-2, Bcl-x, and p53 were not affected by the addition of IL-6 and/or IFN-alpha. Addition of a PI-3-K inhibitor interfered with the enhancing effect of IL-6 on the apoptosis induced by IFN-alpha.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We propose that IL-6 has the death signal, as well as growth promoting effects, and that PI-3-K may play a key role in the induction of apoptosis by IL-6.
authors.affiliation: Third Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan. rrhh@intmed3.med.kyushu-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Minami
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Muta
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ilseung
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Abe
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Nishimura
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nawata
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D053148:Caspase 3; D020169:Caspases / Q000378:metabolism; D004357:Drug Synergism; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006801:Humans; D016898:Interferon-alpha / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D009101:Multiple Myeloma / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D016898:Interferon-alpha; D015850:Interleukin-6; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53; C505407:CASP3 protein, human; D053148:Caspase 3; D020169:Caspases