title: Locally recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the outcome of and determine prognostic factors for locally recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) in patients treated with a second course of radiotherapy (RT).
  
  
  METHODS
  From 1982 to 1995, 186 NPC patients, who had initially been treated in the Department of Radiation Oncology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Linkou, developed local recurrence in the nasopharynx and were re-treated with RT (>/=20 Gy). The time from the initial RT to re-treatment ranged from 8 to 136 months (median: 23 months). All patients were treated with external RT and conformal radiotherapy was used in 35 patients after 1993. Fifteen received radiosurgery as a boost treatment. The RT dose at the nasopharyngeal tumor area ranged from 20 to 67.2 Gy (median 50 Gy). Eighty-two patients received one to eight courses of cisplatin-based chemotherapy in addition to RT.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The 1-, 3- and 5-year survival was 54.9, 22. 1 and 12.4%, respectively. Patients whose tumor relapsed later than 2 years after the first treatment had a better survival than those with earlier relapse (3-year survival: 30.1 vs. 10.8%; P=0.015), but the difference became insignificant in patients who received >/=50 Gy. Patients without evidence of intracranial invasion or cranial nerve palsy had better survival than those with such lesions (3-year survival: 30.9 vs. 3.7%; P=0.006). A re-treatment dose >/=50 Gy yielded better survival (3-year survival: 22.8 vs. 18.5%; P=0.003). Addition use of radiosurgery may improve survival. The use of chemotherapy did not improve survival. Conformal radiotherapy resulted in significantly fewer severe complications than conventional RT.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A repeat course of RT for locally recurrent NPC successfully prolongs survival in a significant number of patients. Intracranial invasion and/or cranial nerve palsy and re-treatment dose affect the prognosis, with a dose of >/=50 Gy significantly improving survival. Radiosurgery boost may also improve survival. Our preliminary data indicates that conformal radiotherapy may decrease the severity of radiation-induced complications. However; longer follow-up and larger sample size is necessary to document the findings.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, 33333, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
authors.forename: J T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: L C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: See
authors.forename: C T
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Liao
authors.forename: S H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Ng
authors.forename: C H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: I H
authors.initials: IH
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: N M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Tsang
authors.forename: C K
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Tseng
authors.forename: S G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Hong
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001706:Biopsy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009303:Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy*; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy*; D011379:Prognosis; D016634:Radiosurgery; D020266:Radiotherapy, Conformal; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015996:Survival Rate; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents