title: Appropriateness of prostate-specific antigen testing.
abstract: We established criteria for appropriate use of the prostate-specific antigen (PSA) assay and used them to evaluate PSA test utilization at 1 tertiary care institution. During a 6-month period, 2,330 PSA results were reported for outpatients and 95 for inpatients. We reviewed medical records for a random sample of 338 outpatient results (14.51%) and all 95 inpatient results, of which 21% (71/338) of outpatient and 17% (16/95) of inpatient results were inappropriate according to our test utilization criteria. Among outpatients, 52% of tests were done for screening and 19% for monitoring for cancer recurrence. For inpatients, workup for cancer (53/95 [56%]) was the most frequent indication for testing and screening the second (24/95 [25%]). Of tests failing the criteria, 66 (76%) of 87 resulted from excessively frequent and age-inappropriate screening. We assessed the potential effect on clinical outcome if these tests were not performed. Of the 87 tests considered inappropriate, only 1 test result influenced clinical management for patients younger than 75 years. By instituting simple limits on age and frequency, we estimate that 74% (64/87) of the inappropriate tests could have been eliminated.
authors.affiliation: Clinical Laboratories, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
authors.forename: H T
authors.initials: HT
authors.lastname: Poteat
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: K R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Loughlin
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Winkelman
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Allada
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ma'luf
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Tanasijevic
authors.forename: D W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Bates
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001900:Boston; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008403:Mass Screening / Q000191:economics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis; D010045:Outpatients; D011379:Prognosis; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000097:blood; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis*; D014600:Utilization Review
chemical_list: D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen