title: Resistance to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in vitro as a surrogate of vaccine-induced protective immunity.
abstract: An in vitro assay developed as a correlate of vaccine-induced protection from human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) was validated in populations with relative resistance to HIV-1 as well as in HIV vaccine recipients. Cultures of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were challenged with 10 TCID50 of HIV-1MN or HIV-1BaL, titered in PBMC from normal controls (n=57). PBMC from HIV-1-infected persons with low viremia (n=17), exposed uninfected persons (n=23), and HIV-2-infected Senegalese prostitutes (n=9) were significantly resistant to HIV-1BaL and/or HIV-1MN (P<.001). Among 34 HIV vaccine recipients of live canarypox vector expressing multiple HIV-1 gene products with or without rgp120 booster, PBMC from postvaccination samples were significantly resistant to both strains (P<.001), and cytotoxic T lymphocyte precursor-positive samples were significantly more resistant than were precursor-negative samples (P<.03). This is the first evidence of the induction by vaccination of a validated correlate of protection. This assay should serve as a useful criterion for assessing experimental HIV vaccines before phase III efficacy trials.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, School of Hygiene and Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Castillo
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Arango-Jaramillo
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: John
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Weinhold
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kanki
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Carruth
authors.forename: D H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Schwartz
mesh_terms: D016915:AIDS Vaccines / Q000276:immunology*; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation; D013602:T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic / Q000276:immunology; D014766:Viremia / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D016915:AIDS Vaccines