title: Hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative damage and apoptosis in cerebellar granule cells: protection by Ginkgo biloba extract.
abstract: The ability of oxidative stress to induce apoptosis and the protective effects of Ginkgo biloba extract (EGb761) against this induction were studied in cultures of rat cerebellar granule cells. Cells were exposed to oxidative stress by treatment with 50 microm hydrogen peroxide+100 microm ferrous sulphate which generates hydroxyl radicals by Fenton reaction. Both morphological observation and biochemical analysis revealed that H(2)O(2)/FeSO(4)treatment induced apoptotic cell death in cerebellar granule cells, which was characterized by chromatin condensation and DNA fragmentation. During this process, the fluidity of the cell membrane decreased markedly, and the conformation of membrane proteins altered significantly. Pretreating cerebellar granule cells with the antioxidant EGb761 (Ginkgo biloba extract) effectively attenuated oxidative damage induced by H(2)O(2)/FeSO(4), and prevented cells from apoptotic cell death. The results suggested that EGb761 might be used as a potential drug for neuronal diseases associated with the excessive production of reactive oxygen species.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biophysics, Academia Sinica, 15 Datun Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, PR China.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ni
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hou
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Xin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000187:drug effects; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002531:Cerebellum / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects; D003594:Cytoplasmic Granules / Q000187:drug effects / Q000648:ultrastructure; D053938:DNA Fragmentation / Q000187:drug effects; D004578:Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy; D005290:Ferric Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000494:pharmacology*; D020441:Ginkgo biloba; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000633:toxicity*; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D009474:Neurons / Q000187:drug effects / Q000648:ultrastructure; D016877:Oxidants / Q000633:toxicity*; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D010936:Plant Extracts; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013113:Spin Labels; D000096983:Ginkgo Extract
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D005290:Ferric Compounds; D005419:Flavonoids; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D016877:Oxidants; D010936:Plant Extracts; D013113:Spin Labels; C063170:Ginkgo biloba extract; D000096983:Ginkgo Extract; C024823:ferric sulfate