title: Dynamic MR imaging of the pelvic floor in asymptomatic subjects.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Dynamic MR imaging may be used as an alternative to dynamic cystoproctography for the evaluation of pelvic floor prolapse and configuration. MR criteria for normality are derived from proctographic studies because no large MR study of asymptomatic individuals has been performed. Our study aimed to define the normal range of dynamic pelvic MR appearances in a large group of asymptomatic individuals.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty healthy adult volunteers (25 men and 25 women; age range, 20-66 years; mean age, 34 years) were prospectively recruited and examined using dynamic MR imaging. All subjects were interviewed and established as healthy using a validated questionnaire. Axial, coronal, and sagittal MR imaging was performed at rest and during maximum pelvic strain using a static 1.0-T unit and a fast-field-echo sequence, providing 10 slices in 31 sec. Standardized measurements of pelvic configuration were taken, and rest and strain imaging were compared to determine the range of normal appearances.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Three women developed a cystocele during maximum pelvic strain, two of whom also showed grade 1 uterocervical prolapse, which was also seen in another woman. Three men showed posterior pelvic floor descent in excess of 3 cm during straining. No rectocele, enterocele, rectal prolapse, or perineal hernia was seen in any subject.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The normal range of pelvic organ descent in asymptomatic subjects seen on dynamic MR imaging included cystocele, uterocervical prolapse, and excessive anorectal junction descent. Although we encountered pelvic prolapse in seven volunteers, it was infrequent and low grade, suggesting that criteria for abnormality derived from proctography are generally applicable to MR imaging.
authors.affiliation: Intestinal Imaging Centre, St. Mark's Hospital, Northwick Park, Harrow, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Goh
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Halligan
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kaplan
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Healy
authors.forename: C I
authors.initials: CI
authors.lastname: Bartram
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017773:Pelvic Floor / Q000473:pathology*; D012005:Rectal Prolapse / Q000175:diagnosis; D012016:Reference Values; D001745:Urinary Bladder Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis; D014596:Uterine Prolapse / Q000175:diagnosis