title: Dominance of IL-12 over IL-4 in gamma delta T cell differentiation leads to default production of IFN-gamma: failure to down-regulate IL-12 receptor beta 2-chain expression.
abstract: Gamma delta T cells secrete Th1- and Th2-like cytokines that help mediate innate and acquired immunity. We have addressed the mechanism whereby murine gamma delta T cells acquire the capacity to differentially produce such cytokines. Splenic gamma delta T cells could be polarized into IFN-gamma- or IL-4-secreting cells in vitro; however, in contrast to CD4+ alpha beta T cells, gamma delta T cells predominantly produced IFN-gamma, even in the presence of IL-4, a finding independent of genetic background. Like CD4+ Th1 cells, IFN-gamma-producing cells expressed the IL-12 receptor beta 2-chain after activation in the presence of IL-12; however, unlike Th2 cells, IL-4-primed gamma delta T cells also expressed this receptor, even in the absence of IFN-gamma and despite the presence of the transcription factor GATA-3. IL-12 also induced IL-4-primed gamma delta T cells to proliferate and to translocate Stat3/Stat4, indicating signaling through the IL-12 receptor. These molecular events can account for the predominant production of IFN-gamma by gamma delta T cells in the presence of IL-12, despite the availability of IL-4. Early and predominant production of IFN-gamma by gamma delta T cells likely is critical for the roles that these cells play in protection against intracellular pathogens and in tumor immunity.
authors.affiliation: Sections of Rheumatology and Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Department of Pathology, and Section of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.forename: D H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Welte
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bahtiyar
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: X Y
authors.initials: XY
authors.lastname: Fu
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ray
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Craft
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000276:immunology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000502:physiology; D015536:Down-Regulation / Q000276:immunology*; D050990:GATA3 Transcription Factor; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000378:metabolism; D018664:Interleukin-12 / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000502:physiology*; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D016692:Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta / Q000378:metabolism*; D018123:Receptors, Interleukin / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D053707:Receptors, Interleukin-12; D050796:STAT3 Transcription Factor; D050797:STAT4 Transcription Factor; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000276:immunology; D016176:T-Lymphocyte Subsets / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D018417:Th1 Cells / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D018418:Th2 Cells / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D015534:Trans-Activators / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D050990:GATA3 Transcription Factor; C494748:Gata3 protein, mouse; D016692:Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta; D018123:Receptors, Interleukin; D053707:Receptors, Interleukin-12; D050796:STAT3 Transcription Factor; D050797:STAT4 Transcription Factor; C494087:Stat3 protein, mouse; C494091:Stat4 protein, mouse; D015534:Trans-Activators; D018664:Interleukin-12; D015847:Interleukin-4; D007371:Interferon-gamma