title: In situ localization of latex allergens in 3 different brands of latex gloves by means of immunogold field emission scanning and transmission electron microscopy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Latex proteins represent relevant allergens, particularly for those persons who are frequently exposed to latex products (eg, health care workers and patients with chronic disorders). Although several latex allergens have been characterized by biochemical and molecular biologic techniques, little information is available concerning the in situ localization of allergenic proteins in latex products.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The objective of the present study was the in situ localization of latex allergens.
  
  
  METHODS
  Serum IgE from patients with latex allergy reacting with a broad range (5-200 kd) of latex allergens was used for the in situ localization of latex allergens. One surgical and 2 examination latex glove brands were investigated by using immunogold field emission scanning and transmission electron microscopy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Allergens were detected on the inner and outer surface of the gloves, particularly near the edges, crests, or folds of the bleb-like structures visible on the surface of the latex material at high magnifications. In ultrathin cross-sections, latex allergens were found throughout the sections.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Latex allergens were localized on the outer and inner surface but also in the interior of latex gloves. The occurrence of latex allergens on the surface of latex products may be related to their potential to induce local reactions and, perhaps, to sensitize individuals by means of contact.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Grote
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Mahler
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Spitzauer
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fuchs
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Valenta
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Reichelt
mesh_terms: D000485:Allergens / Q000032:analysis; D017575:Gloves, Protective; D005932:Gloves, Surgical; D006801:Humans; D007073:Immunoglobulin E / Q000097:blood*; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007840:Latex / Q000276:immunology; D020315:Latex Hypersensitivity / Q000097:blood*; D008854:Microscopy, Electron; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D000485:Allergens; D007840:Latex; D007073:Immunoglobulin E