title: Mechanisms of P(i) regulation of the skeletal muscle SR Ca(2+) release channel.
abstract: Inorganic phosphate (P(i)) accumulates in the fibers of actively working muscle where it acts at various sites to modulate contraction. To characterize the role of P(i) as a regulator of the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) calcium (Ca(2+)) release channel, we examined the action of P(i) on purified SR Ca(2+) release channels, isolated SR vesicles, and skinned skeletal muscle fibers. In single channel studies, addition of P(i) to the cis chamber increased single channel open probability (P(o); 0.079 +/- 0.020 in 0 P(i), 0. 157 +/- 0.034 in 20 mM P(i)) by decreasing mean channel closed time; mean channel open times were unaffected. In contrast, the ATP analog, beta,gamma-methyleneadenosine 5'-triphosphate (AMP-PCP), enhanced P(o) by increasing single channel open time and decreasing channel closed time. P(i) stimulation of [(3)H]ryanodine binding by SR vesicles was similar at all concentrations of AMP-PCP, suggesting P(i) and adenine nucleotides act via independent sites. In skinned muscle fibers, 40 mM P(i) enhanced Ca(2+)-induced Ca(2+) release, suggesting an in situ stimulation of the release channel by high concentrations of P(i). Our results support the hypothesis that P(i) may be an important endogenous modulator of the skeletal muscle SR Ca(2+) release channel under fatiguing conditions in vivo, acting via a mechanism distinct from adenine nucleotides.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota 55455, USA. balog004@tc.umn.edu
authors.forename: E M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Balog
authors.forename: B R
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Fruen
authors.forename: P K
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Kane
authors.forename: C F
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Louis
mesh_terms: D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000502:physiology; D007700:Kinetics; D008274:Magnesium / Q000494:pharmacology; D018485:Muscle Fibers, Skeletal / Q000502:physiology; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000502:physiology*; D010710:Phosphates / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012433:Ryanodine / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D019837:Ryanodine Receptor Calcium Release Channel / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D012519:Sarcoplasmic Reticulum / Q000502:physiology*; D013552:Swine
chemical_list: D010710:Phosphates; D019837:Ryanodine Receptor Calcium Release Channel; D012433:Ryanodine; C005147:5'-adenylyl (beta,gamma-methylene)diphosphonate; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; D008274:Magnesium; C002630:alpha,beta-methyleneadenosine 5'-triphosphate