title: Therapeutic vaccination against HSV-2: influence of vaccine formulation on immune responses and protection in mice.
abstract: Therapeutic immunisation may represent a means of influencing viral infections that persist in the host by modulating the nature or level of host immunity. To assess the influence of the form of the antigenic stimulus on immunity to type-2 herpes simplex virus (HSV-2), mice pre-infected with sublethal doses of HSV-2 were immunised with various HSV-2 vaccine formulations prior to challenge infection with heterologous HSV-1. Measurements of interleukin-2 (IL-2), interleukin-4 (IL-4) and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) levels in mouse spleen cell cultures restimulated in vitro with HSV-2 antigens showed that, depending on the form of HSV-2 antigen preparation used in this therapeutic context, changes in the levels of these cytokines could be effected. Measurement of HSV-specific antibody by serological tests support the contention that immunisation of HSV-2-infected mice can either enhance the existing Th1-like immune response elicited following HSV-2 infection, or modulate this response towards a more Th2-like profile, and this is dependent on the form of the antigenic stimulus. The degree of protection against subsequent lethal, heterologous HSV-1 challenge infection varied according to the nature of the infection and the immunisation history of the animals.
authors.affiliation: Sheffield Institute for Vaccine Studies and Division of Molecular and Genetic Medicine, "F" Floor, University of Sheffield Medical School, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield, UK.
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Mohamedi
authors.forename: A W
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Heath
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Jennings
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000818:Animals; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D006558:Herpes Genitalis / Q000276:immunology* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D018259:Herpesvirus 1, Human / Q000276:immunology; D018258:Herpesvirus 2, Human / Q000276:immunology*; D007111:Immunity, Cellular / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000097:blood; D007274:Injections, Intraperitoneal; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000096:biosynthesis; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D009500:Neutralization Tests; D013154:Spleen / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D018417:Th1 Cells / Q000276:immunology; D018418:Th2 Cells / Q000276:immunology; D014613:Vaccines, Attenuated / Q000008:administration & dosage; D014765:Viral Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage*
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D007376:Interleukin-2; D014613:Vaccines, Attenuated; D014765:Viral Vaccines; D015847:Interleukin-4; D007371:Interferon-gamma