title: Sanctuary sites in HIV-1 infection.
abstract: The existence of sanctuary sites for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) may potentially endanger the efficacy of antiretroviral therapy in the long term and may even make eradication of HIV-1 from the infected body impossible. Potential 'classic' sanctuary sites for HIV-1 are the central nervous system and the testes, but long-lived cell populations (such as macrophages) or latently infected (resting) CD4 cells may also be considered a sanctuary for HIV-1. These potential sanctuary sites, and putative underlying biochemical mechanisms such as the divergent phosphorylation properties of nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors in different cell populations and the affinity of drugs for the multidrug transporter P-glycoprotein, are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Slotervaart Hospital, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. APRHT@SLZ.NL
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Hoetelmans
mesh_terms: D020168:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002490:Central Nervous System / Q000187:drug effects / Q000821:virology; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000821:virology*; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D009705:Nucleosides / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D020168:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents; D009705:Nucleosides