title: The use of the Panic and Agoraphobia Scale in a clinical trial.
abstract: A new scale for assessing severity in PDA (Panic Disorder with/without Agoraphobia) has recently been developed: the Panic and Agoraphobia Scale [P & A (Bandelow, 1995)]. The objective of this study was to test whether the scale is sensitive to changes during a treatment trial. Thirty-seven patients (mean age, 32.7; S.D., 6.3) with PDA were treated with imipramine (75-150 mg/day) for 8 weeks in an open prospective trial. Patients with concurrent agoraphobia were instructed in practising self-exposure to agoraphobic situations. The total scores on the P & A, the Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA) and the Clinical Global Impression Scale (CGI) were used as the main efficacy criteria. Treatment results were excellent, as could be shown by a decrease in the average severity scores of the P & A observer-rated version from 28.9 (S.D., 8.1) to 13.3 (S.D., 11.8; rank statistic T(N) = 6.7; P < 0.0001). The largest effect size r(w) of all clinician-rated scales was seen with the observer-rated version of the P & A, although closely followed by the CGI and the HAMA. Among the self-rated scales, the P & A (self-rated version) also showed the largest effect size. All five subscores of the P & A showed significant improvements. The highest treatment effect sizes could be seen in the 'panic attacks' subscore, followed by the 'anticipatory anxiety' subscore. The new Panic and Agoraphobia Scale (P & A) is a useful tool for measuring treatment efficacy in panic disorder trials.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, The University of Göttingen, Germany. bbandel@gwdg.de
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bandelow
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Brunner
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Broocks
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Beinroth
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hajak
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Pralle
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Rüther
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000379:Agoraphobia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000523:psychology; D000929:Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D003887:Desensitization, Psychologic; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007099:Imipramine / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D008297:Male; D016584:Panic Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000523:psychology; D010552:Personality Assessment / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011594:Psychometrics; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000929:Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic; D007099:Imipramine