title: Oral glutamine to alleviate radiation-induced oral mucositis: a pilot randomized trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the influence of oral glutamine on radiation-induced oral mucositis in the radiotherapy of head and neck cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  From July 1997 through June 1998, 17 patients with head and neck cancer receiving primary or adjuvant irradiation were randomized to either glutamine suspension (16 g in 240 ml normal saline) (n = 8) or placebo (normal saline) (n = 9) arm. Patients were instructed to swish the test solutions (30 ml) four times per day. All patients received half-mouth irradiation at least. Patients were treated 1.8 Gy per fraction daily, 5 days a week. We evaluated the grading of oral mucositis daily fraction at each day of treatment until 45 Gy/25 fractions. World Health Organization (WHO) step analgesic medication and body weight change were compared between the two arms.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The duration of objective oral mucositis > or = Grade 1 (p = 0.0097), Grade 2 (p = 0.0232), and Grade 3 (p = 0.0168) was shorter in the glutamine arm. Mean maximum grade of objective oral mucositis was less severe in the glutamine arm (1.6 vs. 2.6) (p = 0.0058). Glutamine did not reduce the duration and severity of subjective oral mucositis except for duration > or = Grade 3 (p = 0.0386). In the analysis of mean maximum WHO step of analgesic medication, there was no statistical difference (p = 0.5374) between the two arms. Mean body weight change was also not significantly different (p = 0.8070).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Oral glutamine may significantly reduce the duration and severity of objective oral mucositis during radiotherapy. It may shorten the duration of > or = Grade 3 subjective mucositis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Niao-Sung Hsiang, Kaohsiung Hsien, Taiwan. hey1200@ksts.seed.net.tw
authors.forename: E Y
authors.initials: EY
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: S W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Leung
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: H C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: F M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Fang
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Yeh
authors.forename: H C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Hsu
authors.forename: C Y
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Hsiung
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D001835:Body Weight; D005260:Female; D005973:Glutamine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D006258:Head and Neck Neoplasms / Q000532:radiotherapy; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011832:Radiation Injuries / Q000188:drug therapy*; D013280:Stomatitis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D005973:Glutamine