title: The cost of running American city hospitals: the Gorgas 1910 survey.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  COL William C. Gorgas was appointed Chief Sanitary Officer of the Isthmian Canal Commission during construction of the Panama Canal (1904-1914). In 1910, Gorgas sought to determine the administrative and operating costs of major metropolitan hospitals in the United States and compare these with similar costs in the Canal Zone hospitals.
  
  
  METHODS
  Gorgas sent a questionnaire to hospitals in Atlanta, Baltimore, Boston, Chicago, Cleveland, New York, Philadelphia, Pittsburgh, San Francisco, and Washington, DC. The information requested included number of beds, daily census, details about resident and nursing staff, salaries, length of stay, and hospital cost per patient per day.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The survey results provide information about metropolitan hospitals in the United States at the turn of the century. Hospital costs varied from $.22 to $2.76 per patient per day.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Gorgas concluded that the costs of operating hospitals in the Canal Zone compared favorably with those in the United States.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosciences, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Chaves-Carballo
mesh_terms: D049673:History, 20th Century; D017721:Hospital Costs / Q000266:history* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006786:Hospitals, Urban / Q000191:economics / Q000266:history*; D006801:Humans; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014481:United States