title: Single-dose versus fractionated radioimmunotherapy: model comparisons for uniform tumor dosimetry.
abstract: Targeting molecules with reduced immunogenicity will enable repetitive administrations of radioimmunotherapy. In this work a mathematical model was used to compare 2 different treatment strategies: large single administrations (LSAs) and rapid fractionation (RF) of small individual administrations separated by short time intervals.
  
  
  METHODS
  An integrated compartmental model of treatment pharmacokinetics and tumor response was used to compare alternative treatments that delivered identical absorbed doses to red marrow.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Based on the key assumption of uniform dose distributions, the LSA approach consistently produced smaller nadir values of tumor cell survival and tumor size. The predicted duration of remission was similar for both treatment structures. These findings held for both macroscopic and microscopic tumors and were independent of tumor cell radiosensitivity, proliferation rate, rate of tumor shrinkage, and uptake characteristics of radiolabeled material in tumor.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Clinical situations for which each treatment is most appropriate may be tentatively identified. An LSA using a short-range-emitting radionuclide would be most appropriate for therapy of microscopic disease, if uptake is relatively homogeneous. RF using a longer range emitter would be most appropriate for macroscopic disease, if uptake is heterogeneous and varies from one administration to another. There is a rationale for combining LSA and RF treatments in clinical situations in which slowly growing macroscopic disease and rapidly growing microscopic disease exist simultaneously.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Physics and Nuclear Medicine Service, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10021, USA.
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: O'Donoghue
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sgouros
authors.forename: C R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Divgi
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Humm
mesh_terms: D004307:Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation; D006801:Humans; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000532:radiotherapy; D016499:Radioimmunotherapy / Q000379:methods*; D011879:Radiotherapy Dosage