title: No implicit memory for stories played during isoflurane/alfentanil/nitrous oxide anesthesia: a reading speed measurement.
abstract: Implicit memory of intraoperatively presented stories was recently detected by using the reading speed paradigm during propofol-alfentanil-nitrous oxide anesthesia. Our main goal was to evaluate the reading speed test procedure under another anesthetic regimen, i.e., isoflurane combined with nitrous oxide and alfentanil-infusion. In both experiments, patients were premedicated with oral midazolam. In a previous experiment, patients postoperatively read "old" stories that had been presented during anesthesia quicker compared with "new," unpresented stories. The same study design and test material as in the previous experiment were used. One of two audio tapes with two short stories was played randomly to patients during lumbar disk surgery and to awake controls. Approximately 7 h later, a structured interview and the reading speed test were used to determine whether the participants had any explicit or implicit memories of the presented stories. The results of 30 patients and 30 controls were calculated. Whereas the control participants showed an intact explicit and implicit memory of the previously presented material, no such effect was found in the anesthetized patients. The present experiment shows that changing the main anesthetic in otherwise equal study conditions, i. e., propofol to isoflurane (end-expiratory 0.7%), implicit memory is abolished in anesthetized patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We showed that implicit memory during general anesthesia can be abolished by changing the hypnotic anesthetic. Increased postoperative reading speed for stories presented during propofol-alfentanil-nitrous oxide anesthesia was shown in a previous experiment, but not in our study using isoflurane for balanced anesthesia.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Anesthesiology, Neurology, Neurosurgery, Medical School of Hanover, Hanover, Germany.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Münte
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lüllwitz
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Leuwer
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Mitzlaff
authors.forename: T F
authors.initials: TF
authors.lastname: Münte
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hussein
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Piepenbrock
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015760:Alfentanil / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000758:Anesthesia; D000777:Anesthetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007530:Isoflurane / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D008568:Memory / Q000187:drug effects*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009609:Nitrous Oxide / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011932:Reading
chemical_list: D000777:Anesthetics; D015760:Alfentanil; D007530:Isoflurane; D009609:Nitrous Oxide