title: Optimal level of pressure support ventilation for recovery from diaphragmatic fatigue in rabbits.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether there is an optimal level of pressure support ventilation (PSV) for recovery from acute diaphragmatic fatigue.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective laboratory trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  Experimental laboratory.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty healthy adult New Zealand White rabbits.
  
  
  METHODS
  Diaphragmatic fatigue was induced with 50 Hz of phrenic nerve stimulation for 30 mins. Recovery was compared between inspiratory load + PSV of 0 cm H2O (L0), inspiratory load + PSV of 60 cm H2O (L60), inspiratory load + PSV of 80 cm H2O (L80), and PSV of 0 cm H2O without inspiratory load (SB) for 90 mins immediately after the end of the fatigue-inducing procedure. To add inspiratory load during the recovery phase, three pressure threshold valves, each having an opening pressure of -20 cm H2O, were used.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After the fatigue-inducing procedure, diaphragmatic electromyogram and transdiaphragmatic pressure remained at baseline in both SB and L60, decreased in L80, and increased in L0. Recovery was assessed by abdominal cavity pressure (Pabd) generated by high-frequency (100 Hz) and low-frequency (20 Hz) stimulation. Pabd at 100 Hz recovered to baseline in L60 and SB but not in L0 and L80 (69.1%, 81.3%, 100.3%, and 100.7% of the baseline at 90 mins for L0, L80, L60, and SB, respectively). Pabd at 20 Hz did not differ among ventilatory settings.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is an optimal range of PSV assist level to improve recovery from diaphragmatic fatigue. Recovery was hampered not only by inadequate PSV but also by excessive PSV.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Osaka Prefectural General Hospital, Japan. uchiyama@gh.pref.osaka.jp
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Uchiyama
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Imanaka
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nishimura
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Taenaka
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fujino
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Yoshiya
mesh_terms: D000403:Airway Resistance; D000818:Animals; D001784:Blood Gas Analysis; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000097:blood; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004599:Electric Stimulation Therapy; D004576:Electromyography; D018763:Muscle Fatigue; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood; D010791:Phrenic Nerve; D011175:Positive-Pressure Respiration / Q000379:methods*; D011817:Rabbits; D020127:Recovery of Function; D012131:Respiratory Insufficiency / Q000209:etiology*; D012133:Respiratory Paralysis / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D013990:Tidal Volume; D014939:Work of Breathing
chemical_list: D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D010100:Oxygen