title: Low baseline and yohimbine-stimulated plasma neuropeptide Y (NPY) levels in combat-related PTSD.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Consistent with many studies demonstrating enhanced reactivity of the sympathetic nervous system in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), the administration of yohimbine, a noradrenergic alpha(2)-antagonist, has been shown to increase core symptoms of PTSD and to induce greater increases in plasma 3-methyl-4-hydroxy-phenyl-glycol (MHPG) in subjects with PTSD compared with healthy control subjects. In turn, neuropeptide Y (NPY) has been shown to inhibit the release of norepinephrine from sympathetic noradrenergic neurons.
  
  
  METHODS
  In the following study, plasma NPY responses to yohimbine and placebo were measured in a subgroup of 18 subjects with PTSD and 8 healthy control subjects who participated in the previous study of the effect of yohimbine on plasma MHPG.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The PTSD subjects had lower baseline plasma NPY and blunted yohimbine-stimulated increases in plasma NPY compared with the healthy control subjects. Within the PTSD group, baseline plasma NPY levels correlated negatively with combat exposure scale scores, baseline PTSD and panic symptoms, and yohimbine-stimulated increases in MHPG and systolic blood pressure.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study suggests that combat stress-induced decreases in plasma NPY may mediate, in part, the noradrenergic system hyperreactivity observed in combat-related PTSD. The persistence of this decrease in plasma NPY may contribute to symptoms of hyperarousal and the expression of exaggerated alarm reactions, anxiety reactions, or both in combat veterans with PTSD long after war.
authors.affiliation: VA Connecticut Healthcare System and National Center for PTSD, West Haven and the Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Rasmusson
authors.forename: R L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Hauger
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Morgan
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Bremner
authors.forename: D S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Charney
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Southwick
mesh_terms: D000317:Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists / Q000097:blood* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000328:Adult; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008734:Methoxyhydroxyphenylglycol / Q000378:metabolism; D009478:Neuropeptide Y / Q000378:metabolism*; D016584:Panic Disorder / Q000097:blood; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013313:Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis; D014857:Warfare; D015016:Yohimbine / Q000097:blood* / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000317:Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists; D009478:Neuropeptide Y; D015016:Yohimbine; D008734:Methoxyhydroxyphenylglycol