Supernatants of virus-infected macrophages prime uninfected macrophages for lipopolysaccharide-induced apoptosis by both an interferon-dependent and an independent mechanism.
Virus-infected macrophages (M phi) release factors priming uninfected M phi for LPS-induced apoptosis. This was shown for bovine M phi infected with cytopathogenic bovine virus diarrhea (BVD) virus or with bovine herpes virus-1 (BHV-1) but not for M phi infected with noncytopathogenic BVD virus. The former two viruses also induced interferon type I in M phi, which also primes macrophages for LPS-induced apoptosis. However, several lines of evidence suggested that virus-infected M phi produce IFN-independent factors priming for apoptosis. For example, a soluble IFN type I receptor abrogated the antiviral activity, but not the ability of supernatants to prime uninfected M phi for LPS-induced apoptosis. It is suggested that the production of factors priming uninfected cells for apoptosis plays a part in virus-induced pathogenesis, e.g. in cattle afflicted with mucosal disease, or with infectious bovine rhinotracheitis, or in viral diseases inducing a marked lymphopenia.
Jungi
T W
TW
Institute of Veterinary Virology, University of Berne, Switzerland.
Schweizer
M
M
Perler
L
L
Peterhans
E
E
D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D002417:Cattle; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D017077:Culture Media, Conditioned; D001908:Diarrhea Viruses, Bovine Viral / Q000502:physiology*; D007242:Herpesvirus 1, Bovine / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007370:Interferon Type I / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008264:Macrophages / Q000276:immunology* / Q000821:virology*
D017077:Culture Media, Conditioned; D007370:Interferon Type I; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides