title: Selective use of tube cholecystostomy with interval laparoscopic cholecystectomy in acute cholecystitis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Tube cholecystostomy followed by interval laparoscopic cholecystectomy is a sale and efficacious treatment option in critically ill patients with acute cholecystitis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective cohort study within a 4 1/2%-year period.
  
  
  METHODS
  University hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Of 324 patients who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy, 65 (20%) had acute cholecystitis; 15 of these 65 patients (mean age, 75 years) underwent tube cholecystostomy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirteen patients at high risk for general anesthesia because of underlying medical conditions underwent percutaneous tube cholecystostomy with local anesthesia. Laparoscopic tube cholecystostomy was performed on 2 patients during attempted laparoscopic cholecystectomy because of severe inflammation. Interval laparoscopic cholecystectomy was attempted after an average of 12 weeks.
  
  
  METHODS
  Technical details and clinical outcome.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Prompt clinical response was observed in 13 (87%) of the patients after tube cholecystostomy. Twelve patients (80%) underwent interval cholecystectomy. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy was attempted in 11 patients and was successful in 10 (91%), with 1 conversion to open cholecystectomy. One patient had interval open cholecystectomy during definitive operation for esophageal cancer and another had emergency open cholecystectomy due to tube dislodgment. Two patients (13%) had complications related to tube cholecystostomy and 2 patients died from sepsis before interval operation. One patient died from sepsis after combined esophagectomy and cholecystectomy. Postoperative minor complications developed in 2 patients. At a mean follow-up of 16.7 months (range, 0.5-53 months), all patients were free of biliary symptoms.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Tube cholecystostomy allowed for resolution of sepsis and delay of definitive surgery in selected patients. Interval laparoscopic cholecystectomy was safely performed once sepsis and acute infection had resolved in this patient group at high risk for general anesthesia and conversion to open cholecystectomy. Just as catheter drainage of acute infection with interval appendectomy is accepted in patients with periappendiceal abscess, tube cholecystostomy with interval laparoscopic cholecystectomy should have a role in the management of selected patients with acute cholecystitis.
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Berber
authors.forename: K L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Engle
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: String
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Garland
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Macho
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Pearl
authors.forename: A E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Siperstein
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000768:Anesthesia, General; D000772:Anesthesia, Local; D017081:Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic / Q000295:instrumentation*; D002764:Cholecystitis / Q000601:surgery*; D002767:Cholecystostomy / Q000295:instrumentation*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004867:Equipment Design; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008111:Liver Function Tests; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000209:etiology; D012086:Reoperation; D012189:Retrospective Studies