title: Recovery of sperm production following radiation therapy for Hodgkin's disease after induction chemotherapy with mitoxantrone, vincristine, vinblastine, and prednisone (NOVP).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The effect on human male fertility of radiotherapy following chemotherapy for the treatment of Hodgkin's disease (HD) is unknown. The impact of radiation therapy, given after mitoxantrone, vincristine, vinblastine, and prednisone (NOVP) chemotherapy, on sperm production is the focus of this study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Serial semen analyses were performed on 34 patients with HD Stages I-III before NOVP chemotherapy, after chemotherapy prior to radiation, and after radiation therapy. The most inferior radiation portals for patients were: mantle, 1 patient; paraaortic-spleen, 3 patients; upper abdomen, 24 patients; abdominal spade, 4 patients; and pelvic, 2 patients. Testicular radiation dose measurements were available for 20 of these patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Before the start of radiation, 90% of patients were normospermic. The magnitude of the decline in sperm counts was related to the measured testicular dose and/or radiation fields employed. The minimum postradiotherapy counts, expressed as a fraction of pretreatment counts, for the various treatment groups are as follows: paraaortic-spleen, 20%; upper abdomen, testicular dose < 30 cGy, 4%; upper abdomen, testicular dose 30-39 cGy, 0.9%; abdominal spade, 0.02%; and pelvis, 0%. The time to nadir of sperm counts averaged 4.5 months. Recovery to normospermic levels occurred in 96% of patients, with most recovering to that level within 18 months.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The effect of radiation following NOVP chemotherapy on sperm counts was no greater than would be expected with radiation therapy alone. In most patients, sperm counts recovered to levels compatible with normal fertility.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Radiation Oncology, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston 77030, USA.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Dubey
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.forename: K K
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Mathur
authors.forename: F B
authors.initials: FB
authors.lastname: Hagemeister
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Fuller
authors.forename: C S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Ha
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Cox
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Meistrich
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006689:Hodgkin Disease / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008942:Mitoxantrone / Q000008:administration & dosage; D011241:Prednisone / Q000008:administration & dosage; D013076:Sperm Count / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D013091:Spermatogenesis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology / Q000528:radiation effects*; D014747:Vinblastine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D014750:Vincristine / Q000008:administration & dosage
chemical_list: D014750:Vincristine; D014747:Vinblastine; D008942:Mitoxantrone; D011241:Prednisone