title: Multiple phosphorylation events regulate the activity of the mannitol transcriptional regulator MtlR of the Bacillus stearothermophilus phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent mannitol phosphotransferase system.
abstract: D-mannitol is taken up by Bacillus stearothermophilus and phosphorylated via a phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent phosphotransferase system (PTS). Transcription of the genes involved in mannitol uptake in this bacterium is regulated by the transcriptional regulator MtlR, a DNA-binding protein whose affinity for DNA is controlled by phosphorylation by the PTS proteins HPr and IICB(mtl). The mutational and biochemical studies presented in this report reveal that two domains of MtlR, PTS regulation domain (PRD)-I and PRD-II, are phosphorylated by HPr, whereas a third IIA-like domain is phosphorylated by IICB(mtl). An involvement of PRD-I and the IIA-like domain in a decrease in affinity of MtlR for DNA and of PRD-II in an increase in affinity is demonstrated by DNA footprint experiments using MtlR mutants. Since both PRD-I and PRD-II are phosphorylated by HPr, PRD-I needs to be dephosphorylated by IICB(mtl) and mannitol to obtain maximal affinity for DNA. This implies that a phosphoryl group can be transferred from HPr to IICB(mtl) via MtlR. Indeed, this transfer could be demonstrated by the phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent formation of [(3)H]mannitol phosphate in the absence of IIA(mtl). Phosphoryl transfer experiments using MtlR mutants revealed that PRD-I and PRD-II are dephosphorylated via the IIA-like domain. Complementation experiments using two mutants with no or low phosphoryl transfer activity showed that phosphoryl transfer between MtlR molecules is possible, indicating that MtlR-MtlR interactions take place. Phosphorylation of the same site by HPr and dephosphorylation by IICB(mtl) have not been described before; they could also play a role in other PRD-containing proteins.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Henstra
authors.forename: R H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Duurkens
authors.forename: G T
authors.initials: GT
authors.lastname: Robillard
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D001483:Base Sequence; D004247:DNA / Q000378:metabolism; D029968:Escherichia coli Proteins; D001411:Geobacillus stearothermophilus / Q000378:metabolism*; D016695:Glycosyltransferases / Q000378:metabolism*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009004:Monosaccharide Transport Proteins; D010728:Phosphoenolpyruvate / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010731:Phosphoenolpyruvate Sugar Phosphotransferase System / Q000502:physiology; D010766:Phosphorylation; D012097:Repressor Proteins / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D029968:Escherichia coli Proteins; D009004:Monosaccharide Transport Proteins; C085654:MtlR protein, E coli; D012097:Repressor Proteins; D010728:Phosphoenolpyruvate; D004247:DNA; D016695:Glycosyltransferases; C085441:MltA protein, bacteria; D010731:Phosphoenolpyruvate Sugar Phosphotransferase System; C022358:mannitol PTS permease, E coli; C030182:phosphocarrier protein HPr