title: Enlarged parietal foramina: association with cerebral venous and cortical anomalies.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate a series of patients with enlarged parietal foramina for associated brain anomalies.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Enlarged parietal foramina are usually considered a benign calvarial defect.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ten patients with enlarged parietal foramina were identified. Seven patients were evaluated with neuroimaging: two by cranial CT and five by CT and/or MRI. Three patients who underwent MRI also underwent MR angiography or MR venography.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Six of seven patients had cranial imaging showing a persistent falcine venous sinus. Three of six patients had variations of occipital cortical infolding. One patient had focal encephalomalacia in close proximity to the persistent falcine venous sinus and one had a previously undiagnosed atretic occipital encephalocele.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This constellation of findings suggests that aberrant vascular evolution during fetal development may affect cerebrovascular, brain, or skull development. Individuals with enlarged parietal foramina (>5 mm) warrant imaging of underlying brain parenchyma and vasculature.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham and The Children's Hospital of Alabama 35233, USA.
authors.forename: A T
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Reddy
authors.forename: G L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Hedlund
authors.forename: A K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Percy
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001921:Brain / Q000002:abnormalities*; D001927:Brain Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology*; D002550:Cerebral Veins / Q000002:abnormalities*; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D010294:Parietal Bone / Q000002:abnormalities*; D011859:Radiography