title: First order release rate from porous PLA microspheres with limited exit holes on the exterior surface.
abstract: We applied the finite element method (FEM) to calculate release profiles from computer simulated slabs, one with a limited number of exit holes on the exterior surface, and the other with uniform structure. The former slab showed a first order release rate, and a nearly uniform drug concentration distribution within the device during the release process. It was concluded that circulation of the drug molecules within the slab resulted in the uniform concentration and consequently first order release rate. This theoretical work was used to explain the first order release rate of an active ingredient (flourescin-4-isothiocyanate-dextran, M(W)=71000 Da) from porous PLA (poly(D,L)-lactic acid) microspheres, which by canning electron microscopy (SEM) examination showed only a few exit holes on their exterior surface. Calculations indicated that the internal surface adsorption of the active ingredient, or the pore size distribution of the microspheres, could not influence the mechanism for the first order release rate, and the small number of exit holes on the exterior surface was likely to be the rate-determining factor. The exit holes could be observed by SEM and their size and number is consistent with our interpretations.
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ehtezazi
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Washington
authors.forename: C D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Melia
mesh_terms: D003198:Computer Simulation; D003911:Dextrans; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D020342:Finite Element Analysis; D016650:Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D007700:Kinetics; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000737:chemistry*; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D008863:Microspheres; D011091:Polyesters; D011108:Polymers / Q000737:chemistry*; D016062:Porosity; D013499:Surface Properties
chemical_list: D003911:Dextrans; D011091:Polyesters; D011108:Polymers; C015219:fluorescein isothiocyanate dextran; D019344:Lactic Acid; C033616:poly(lactide); D016650:Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate