title: Localization and age-related changes of nitric oxide- and ANP-mediated cyclic-GMP synthesis in rat cervical spinal cord: an immunocytochemical study.
abstract: An immunocytochemical technique was used to study the localization and developmental aspects of cyclic GMP (cGMP)-synthesizing structures in the cervical spinal cord of 2-week and 3-month-old Lewis rats in response to the nitric oxide (NO) donor sodium nitroprusside (SNP) and/or atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP). By using cell-specific markers, the cell structures involved were investigated. To visualize cGMP, a combined technique of low- and high-power magnification, using a confocal laser scanning microscope was used. NOS-mediated cGMP synthesis was observed in the cervical spinal cord in laminae I, II and III in 14-day-old rats, which activity was mainly absent at the age of 3 months. The involvement of NO in the NMDA-mediated increase in cGMP immunostaining (cGMP-IS) was demonstrated by the absence of cGMP-IS in slices incubated in the presence of NMDA together with the NOS inhibitor N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME). This NO-mediated effect of NMDA on cGMP-IS was completely absent in the 3-month-old rats. ANP-mediated cGMP synthesis resulted in an increase in cGMP in laminae I and II, which was generally similar at both ages. Astrocytes in both white and gray matter were found to be cGMP-IS in the basal, NO- and ANP-stimulated conditions. Using confocal laser microscopy, NO-mediated cGMP synthesis was observed in large cholinergic terminals nearby motor neurons in the ventral horn. An extensive colocalization between NO-stimulated cGMP synthesis and parvalbumin-positive (GABAergic) neurons and fibers was observed in all laminae. In the ANP-stimulated condition, a colocalization with parvalbumin structures was found in laminae II and III. No NO- or ANP-mediated cGMP synthesis was found in fibers immunopositive for the presynaptic glutamate transporter, serotonin, or tyrosine hydroxylase.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, University Hospital Maastricht, P.O. Box 5800, 6202 AZ, Maastricht, Netherlands. j.vles@neurolog.unimaas.nl
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Vles
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: de Louw
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Steinbusch
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Markerink-van Ittersum
authors.forename: H W
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Steinbusch
authors.forename: C E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Blanco
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Axer
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Troost
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: de Vente
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D009320:Atrial Natriuretic Factor / Q000378:metabolism*; D002574:Cervical Vertebrae; D006152:Cyclic GMP / Q000032:analysis* / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D011917:Rats, Inbred Lew; D013116:Spinal Cord / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D009569:Nitric Oxide; D009320:Atrial Natriuretic Factor; D006152:Cyclic GMP