title: Longitudinal multilevel models of the big-fish-little-pond effect on academic self-concept: counterbalancing contrast and reflected-glory effects in Hong Kong schools.
abstract: Longitudinal multilevel path models (7,997 students, 44 high schools, 4 years) evaluated effects of school-average achievement and perceived school status on academic self-concept in Hong Kong, which has a collectivist culture with a highly achievement-segregated high school system. Consistent with a priori predictions based on the big-fish-little-pond effect (BFLPE), higher school-average achievements led to lower academic self-concepts (contrast effect), whereas higher perceived school status had a counterbalancing positive effect on self-concept (reflected-glory, assimilation effect). The negative BFLPE is the net effect of counterbalancing influences, stronger negative contrast effects, and weaker positive assimilation effects so that controlling perceived school status led to purer--and even more negative--contrast effects. Attending a school where school-average achievement is high simultaneously resulted in a more demanding basis of comparison for one's own accomplishments (the stronger negative contrast effect) and a source of pride (the weaker positive assimilation effect).
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Education, University of Western Sydney, Macarthur, Australia. h.marsh@uws.edu.au
authors.forename: H W
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Marsh
authors.forename: C K
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Kong
authors.forename: K T
authors.initials: KT
authors.lastname: Hau
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D003466:Cultural Characteristics; D004522:Educational Status; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006723:Hong Kong; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008960:Models, Psychological; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012494:Sampling Studies; D012574:Schools / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012649:Self Concept; D012923:Social Class; D012933:Social Identification