title: Transcriptional activation of p21WAF1 by PTEN/MMAC1 tumor suppressor.
abstract: The recently discovered tumor suppressor gene PTEN has been found mutated in many types of advanced tumors. When introduced into tumor cells that lack the wild-type allele of the gene, PTEN was able to suppress the growth of these cells. Here, we have analyzed how PTEN might alter cell cycle-regulatory controls to achieve this growth-inhibitory effect. We found that overexpression of PTEN stimulates the synthesis of three inhibitors of cyclin-dependent kinases, p21WAF1, p27KIP1, and p57KIP2. This effect is very specific, as the expression of other components of the cell cycle engine, various cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases, is not affected. For p21WAF1 we show that this induction is due to the p53-independent transcriptional activation of its promoter. In addition, increased expression of PTEN rendered the cells more sensitive to apoptotic cell death. Therefore, our data suggest a two-fold mechanism of growth inhibition by PTEN: one that acts via the increased expression of CKIs such as p21WAF1, and another that augments the cellular propensity for apoptotic cell death.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA.
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: A H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Schönthal
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D001483:Base Sequence; D002455:Cell Division / Q000235:genetics; D002460:Cell Line; D050759:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21; D016213:Cyclins / Q000235:genetics*; D017931:DNA Primers; D016147:Genes, Tumor Suppressor; D006801:Humans; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D051059:PTEN Phosphohydrolase; D010744:Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases / Q000235:genetics*; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D015533:Transcriptional Activation / Q000235:genetics*; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins
chemical_list: C493956:CDKN1A protein, human; D050759:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21; D016213:Cyclins; D017931:DNA Primers; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins; D010744:Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases; D051059:PTEN Phosphohydrolase; C494929:PTEN protein, human