title: Hostile attitudes predict elevated vascular resistance during interpersonal stress in men and women.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Existing research indicates that hostility is associated with enhanced blood pressure responses during social stress, but little is known about the hemodynamic patterns underlying these blood pressure increases, particularly in women. The present study examined hemodynamic responses to a low-anger interpersonal stressor, testing the hypotheses that hostile individuals show enhanced vascular responses and that low hostile individuals show enhanced myocardial responses.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighty undergraduate men and women were categorized as high or low in hostility on the basis of median splits of Cook-Medley Hostility Scale scores. Participants discussed a controversial topic with a confederate who disagreed with them, and hemodynamic responses were assessed with impedance cardiography.
  
  
  RESULTS
  High hostile individuals exhibited greater increases in diastolic blood pressure and total peripheral resistance and smaller increases in cardiac output during an interpersonal stressor than did low hostile individuals. Systolic blood pressure and heart rate increases were greater among high hostile relative to low hostile females and comparable among low and high hostile males. Affective responses and task perceptions were generally similar for high and low hostile participants, but the relationship between task perception and hemodynamic responses varied on the basis of hostility level.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings suggest that hostility in both men and women is associated with heightened vascular and dampened cardiac responsivity to interpersonal stress that is not deliberately anger provoking. Moreover, they indicate that the associations between task perception and hemodynamic responses vary between high and low hostile individuals.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe 85287-1104, USA. mary.davis@asu.edu
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Davis
authors.forename: K A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Matthews
authors.forename: C E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: McGrath
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001143:Arousal / Q000502:physiology; D001290:Attitude; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D004645:Empathy; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology; D006439:Hemodynamics; D006791:Hostility; D006801:Humans; D007398:Interpersonal Relations; D008297:Male; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000523:psychology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014655:Vascular Resistance / Q000502:physiology*