title: Interleukin-2 up-regulates expression of the human immunodeficiency virus fusion coreceptor CCR5 by CD4+ lymphocytes in vivo.
abstract: Intermittent interleukin-2 (IL-2) therapy can substantially increase CD4+ T cell counts of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected subjects. Administration of IL-2 led to transient up-regulation of CCR5 on CD4+ T cells; up to 87% of CD4+ cells expressed CCR5 after a 5-day cycle, with return to baseline levels within 2 weeks. Unlike in vitro studies, CCR5 was coexpressed with CD45RA and CXCR4 on CD4+ T cells after IL-2 therapy. The observed increase in coreceptor expression was not associated with detectable increases in viral replication. IL-2 therapy induced CCR5 expression in >90% of circulating memory CD4+ T cells, determined to be a long-term reservoir of HIV, suggesting significant activation of these cells. These studies demonstrate that levels of expression of HIV coreceptors alone do not always correlate with HIV replication in vivo and that IL-2 therapy activates a majority of memory T cells in the circulation and likely throughout the immune system.
authors.affiliation: Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. dreww@mail.med.upenn.edu
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Weissman
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dybul
authors.forename: M B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Daucher
authors.forename: R T
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Davey
authors.forename: R E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Walker
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Kovacs
mesh_terms: D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects*; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017493:Leukocyte Common Antigens / Q000032:analysis; D019713:Receptors, CCR5 / Q000032:analysis / Q000187:drug effects*; D019718:Receptors, CXCR4 / Q000032:analysis; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D007376:Interleukin-2; D019713:Receptors, CCR5; D019718:Receptors, CXCR4; D017493:Leukocyte Common Antigens