Coloanal motor coordination in association with high-amplitude colonic contractions after pharmacological stimulation.
OBJECTIVE
The rectoanal inhibitory reflex facilitates defecation by relaxation of the internal anal sphincter during rectal distention by gas or stool. Defecation is sometimes preceded by high-amplitude propagated contractions (HAPCs). Our objective was to seek evidence for motor coordination between human colonic and anal sphincter functions.


METHODS
As part of a study of alpha2 modulation of colonic and anal motor functions in 32 healthy volunteers, we studied the relationship between high HAPCs and anal sphincter pressure with colonic manometry, barostat, and a Dent sleeve in the anal canal.


RESULTS
Twenty-two HAPCs were observed; in 19/22 HAPCs there was optimal positioning of the Dent sleeve to assess the anal sphincter. Eighteen of 19 HAPCs occurred postprandially; 14 HAPCs occurred after administration of yohimbine, three after clonidine, and one before any drug administration. Seven followed experimental balloon distention. Anal sphincter relaxation occurred (14 +/- 4 s) before the recorded onset of HAPC in the descending colon and 88 +/- 7 s before the arrival of the HAPC in the rectum. After or during the HAPCs, anal sphincter pressure decreased by 40 +/- 4% and increased by 56 +/- 8% in the postrelaxation phase.


CONCLUSIONS
The close temporal association between anal sphincter relaxation and onset of HAPC in the descending colon suggests a coloanal reflex that may facilitate defecation during mass movements independently of the rectoanal inhibitory reflex.
Malcolm
A
A
Gastroenterology Research Unit, Mayo Clinic and Mayo Foundation, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA.
Camilleri
M
M
D000316:Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; D000317:Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists; D000328:Adult; D001003:Anal Canal / Q000187:drug effects*; D003000:Clonidine; D003106:Colon / Q000187:drug effects*; D003672:Defecation / Q000187:drug effects*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D005769:Gastrointestinal Motility / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008365:Manometry; D009126:Muscle Relaxation / Q000187:drug effects; D012016:Reference Values; D012018:Reflex / Q000187:drug effects; D015016:Yohimbine
D000316:Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; D000317:Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists; D015016:Yohimbine; D003000:Clonidine