title: Use of tissue-type plasminogen activator for acute ischemic stroke: the Cleveland area experience.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Little is known regarding outcomes after intravenous tissue-type plasminogen activator (IV tPA) therapy for acute ischemic stroke outside a trial setting.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To assess the rate of IV tPA use, the incidence of symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), and in-hospital patient outcomes throughout a large urban community.
  
  
  METHODS
  Historical prospective cohort study conducted from July 1997 through June 1998.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-nine hospitals in the Cleveland, Ohio, metropolitan area.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 3948 patients admitted to a study hospital with a primary diagnosis of ischemic stroke (International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification code 434 or 436).
  
  
  METHODS
  Rate of IV tPA use and occurrence of symptomatic ICH among patients treated with tPA; proportion of patients receiving tPA whose treatment deviated from national guidelines; in-hospital mortality among patients receiving tPA compared with that among ischemic stroke patients not receiving tPA and with mortality predicted by a model.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seventy patients (1.8%) admitted with ischemic stroke received IV tPA. Of those, 11 patients (15.7%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 8.1%-26.4%) had a symptomatic ICH (of which 6 were fatal) and 50% (95% CI, 37.8%-62.2%) had deviations from national treatment guidelines. In-hospital mortality was significantly higher among patients treated with tPA (15.7%) compared with patients not receiving tPA (5.1%, P<.001) and compared with the model's prediction (7.9%; P<.006).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A small proportion of patients admitted with acute ischemic stroke in Cleveland received tPA; they experienced a high rate of ICH. Cleveland community experience with tPA for acute ischemic stroke may differ from that reported in clinical trials.
authors.affiliation: Cerebrovascular Center, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, OH 44195, USA. katzani@ccf.org
authors.forename: I L
authors.initials: IL
authors.lastname: Katzan
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Furlan
authors.forename: L E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Lloyd
authors.forename: J I
authors.initials: JI
authors.lastname: Frank
authors.forename: D L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Harper
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Hinchey
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Hammel
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Qu
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Sila
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002543:Cerebral Hemorrhage / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D005260:Female; D017052:Hospital Mortality; D006801:Humans; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009820:Ohio; D010960:Plasminogen Activators / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012372:ROC Curve; D012044:Regression Analysis; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D020521:Stroke / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D016019:Survival Analysis; D015912:Thrombolytic Therapy; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D010960:Plasminogen Activators; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator