title: Women and smoking in Hollywood movies: a content analysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We analyzed the portrayal of smoking in Hollywood films starring 10 popular actressess.
  
  
  METHODS
  Five movies were randomly sampled for each actress, for a total of 96 hours of film footage that was analyzed in 1116 5-minute intervals.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Leading female actors were as likely to smoke in movies aimed at juvenile audiences (PG/PG-13) as in R-rated movies, whereas male actors were 2.5 times more likely to smoke in R-rated movies. PG/PG-13-rated movies were less likely than R-rated movies to contain negative messages about smoking.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Smoking is highly prevalent in Hollywood films featuring popular actressess and may influence young audiences for whom movie stars serve as role models.
authors.affiliation: Department of Health and Social Behavior, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Mass. 02115, USA.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Escamilla
authors.forename: A L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Cradock
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kawachi
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007100:Imitative Behavior; D008297:Male; D009040:Motion Pictures; D016017:Odds Ratio; D012907:Smoking; D014481:United States; D014930:Women