title: Use of intravenous ketamine-midazolam association for pain procedures in children with cancer. A prospective study.
abstract: We evaluated the safety and efficacy of midazolam-ketamine association to control pain induced by diagnostic procedures in paediatric oncology patients. 226 procedures were carried out in 92 patients aged three days to 18 years. Drugs were given i.v. by an anaesthesiologist. Midazolam dose was 25 microg.kg-1 and ketamine 0. 5 to 2 mg.kg-1, depending on number and invasiveness of procedures. The mean dose of ketamine was 1 mg.kg-1. Mean duration of sedation was ten min. No complication was observed and analgesia was considered satisfactory in 89 out of 92 patients. These results indicate that midazolam-ketamine is a safe and effective association in pain management for paediatric oncology patients and efficiently induces brief unconscious sedation with analgesia.
authors.affiliation: Unité d'Hématologie-Oncologie Pédiatrique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Angers, Angers, France.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Pellier
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Monrigal
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Le Moine
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Rod
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Rialland
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Granry
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000700:Analgesics / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001706:Biopsy; D001707:Biopsy, Needle; D001794:Blood Pressure; D002405:Catheterization, Central Venous; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D016292:Procedural Sedation; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate; D006801:Humans; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D007649:Ketamine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D008874:Midazolam / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis*; D010146:Pain / Q000517:prevention & control*; D010147:Pain Measurement; D054198:Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma / Q000175:diagnosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012449:Safety; D013129:Spinal Puncture; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000700:Analgesics; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives; D007649:Ketamine; D008874:Midazolam