title: Trends of antimicrobial resistance in bacterial isolates from a small animal referral hospital.
abstract: A longitudinal, retrospective investigation was made of antimicrobial resistance in bacterial isolates obtained from clinical cases in a small animal hospital between 1989 and 1997. Isolates of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus species were used as Gram-negative and Gram-positive indicator organisms, respectively, and the annual prevalence of antimicrobial resistance was calculated for each organism to each of nine (for E coli) and 11 (for Staphylococcus species) appropriate antimicrobials, including enrofloxacin. Using a chi-square test for trend, statistically significant, rising trends were identified in the resistance of E coli to amoxycillin (P=0.04), clavulanate-amoxycillin (P<0.01) and streptomycin (P<0.01), and in the resistance of Staphylococcus species to erythromycin (P<0.01). There was an equivocal, rising trend for the resistance of Staphylococcus species to cephalexin. No significant trends were apparent for any of the other 15 organism/drug interactions. The annual prevalence of multiple drug resistance was calculated for E coli, Proteus species, Pseudomonas species, staphylococci and streptococci, but no statistically significant trends were identified.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, University of Glasgow Veterinary School, USA.
authors.forename: E H
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Normand
authors.forename: N R
authors.initials: NR
authors.lastname: Gibson
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Carmichael
authors.forename: S W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Reid
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002371:Cat Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology*; D002415:Cats; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology*; D004285:Dogs; D018432:Drug Resistance, Multiple; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000187:drug effects*; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D015995:Prevalence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012606:Scotland / Q000453:epidemiology; D013210:Staphylococcus / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents