title: Autoantibodies predicting diabetes mellitus type I in celiac disease.
abstract: Celiac disease (CD) and diabetes mellitus type I (DM-I) are both autoimmune diseases. Abnormal first-phase insulin response (FPIR) is associated with the prediabetic phase. Glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) and islet cell antibodies (ICAs) - especially the tyrosine phosphatase-like protein IA-2 antibodies - are considered to be serological markers of DM-I future development. The aim of this study is to investigate the presence of autoantibodies (GAD, IA-2) in individuals with CD, on a gluten-free diet, who have normal intestinal morphology. Thirty patients with CD (4-22, mean 15 years), 30 newly diagnosed diabetic children (2.5-16, mean 10 years) and 30 healthy subjects (7-35, mean 18 years) were investigated. Serum GAD and IA-2 autoantibodies were assessed by a quantitative enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method in all patients and controls. Seven CD patients (23%), 28 diabetic children (93%) and none in the control group had positive GAD and IA-2 antibodies. The FPIR was normal in CD patients (>/=46 mU/l).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  GAD and IA-2 antibodies are detected in 23% of patients with CD. These patients may be at risk to develop DM-I. Regular follow-up and determination of FPIR for the early diagnosis of the prediabetic phase in patients with CD having circulating autoantibodies is recommended.
authors.affiliation: 4th Pediatric Department, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Galli-Tsinopoulou
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nousia-Arvanitakis
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Dracoulacos
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Xefteri
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Karamouzis
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001323:Autoantibodies / Q000097:blood*; D001324:Autoantigens / Q000276:immunology; D002446:Celiac Disease / Q000178:diet therapy / Q000276:immunology*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000276:immunology*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005968:Glutamate Decarboxylase / Q000276:immunology; D005983:Glutens / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006801:Humans; D007515:Islets of Langerhans / Q000276:immunology; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000276:immunology; D054562:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 1; D017027:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases / Q000276:immunology; D054623:Receptor-Like Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases, Class 2; D054635:Receptor-Like Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases, Class 8
chemical_list: D001323:Autoantibodies; D001324:Autoantigens; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D005983:Glutens; C516862:PTPRN protein, human; D054562:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 1; D017027:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases; D054623:Receptor-Like Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases, Class 2; D054635:Receptor-Like Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases, Class 8; D005968:Glutamate Decarboxylase