title: A novel CD18 genomic deletion in a patient with severe leucocyte adhesion deficiency: a possible CD2/lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1 functional association in humans.
abstract: Leucocyte adhesion deficiency (LAD) is an autosomal-recessive genetic disease that is characterized clinically by severe bacterial infections and caused by mutations in the CD18 gene that codes for the beta2 integrin subunit. A patient with a severe LAD phenotype was studied and the molecular basis of the disease was identified as a single homozygous defect in a Herpes virus saimiri (HVS)-transformed T-cell line. The defect identified involves a deletion of 171 bp in the cDNA that encodes part of the proteic extracellular domain. This genetic abnormality was further studied at the genomic DNA level and found to consist of a deletion of 169 bp (from -37 of intron 4 to +132 of exon 5), which abolishes the normal splicing and results in the total skipping of exon 5. The 171-bp shortened 'in-frame' mRNA not only resulted in the absence of CD18 expression on the cell surface but also in its absence in the cytoplasm of HVS T-cell lines. Functionally, the LAD-derived HVS T-cell lines showed a severe, selective T-cell activation impairment in the CD2 (but not in the CD3) pathway. This defect was not reversible when exogenous interleukin-2 (IL-2) was added, suggesting that there is also a functional interaction of the lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1 (LFA-1) protein in the CD2 signal transduction pathway in human T cells, as has been previously reported in mice and in the human Papillon-Lefèvre syndrome. Thus, HVS transformation is not only a suitable model for T-cell immunodeficiency studies and characterization, but is also a good system for investigating the immune system in pathological conditions. It may also be used in the future in cellular models for in vitro gene-therapy trials.
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, Hospital '12 de Octubre', Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Allende
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hernández
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Corell
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: García-Pérez
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Varela
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Moreno
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Caragol
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: García-Martín
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Guillén-Perales
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Olivé
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Español
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Arnaiz-Villena
mesh_terms: D001483:Base Sequence; D018821:CD18 Antigens / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics*; D018801:CD2 Antigens / Q000276:immunology; D002461:Cell Line, Transformed; D003593:Cytoplasm / Q000276:immunology; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D017353:Gene Deletion; D006567:Herpesvirus 2, Saimiriine; D006720:Homozygote; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D018370:Leukocyte-Adhesion Deficiency Syndrome / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation; D016169:Lymphocyte Function-Associated Antigen-1 / Q000276:immunology; D008297:Male; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D018821:CD18 Antigens; D018801:CD2 Antigens; D016169:Lymphocyte Function-Associated Antigen-1