title: A comparison of inhaled nitric oxide and milrinone for the treatment of pulmonary hypertension in adult cardiac surgery patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the relative effects of milrinone and nitric oxide on pulmonary and systemic hemodynamic responses in cardiac surgery patients with a history of pulmonary hypertension.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective and randomized.
  
  
  METHODS
  University hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-five adult cardiac surgery patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cardiac surgery patients with pulmonary hypertension were randomly assigned to one of three study groups: Group 1 patients (n = 15) were treated with intravenous milrinone on separation from cardiopulmonary bypass, group 2 patients (n = 15) with 20 ppm of inhaled nitric oxide, and group 3 patients (n = 15) with 40 ppm of inhaled nitric oxide. Heart rate, right ventricular ejection fraction, and pulmonary vascular resistance were measured throughout the perioperative period at specific data points.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were no significant differences in demographics, anesthesia, surgery, or baseline hemodynamics among the groups. The group receiving 40 ppm nitric oxide had a significantly higher (p<0.05) right ventricular ejection fraction on arrival in the intensive care unit (40% v. 30% for the milrinone group and 33% for the nitric oxide 20 ppm group). The milrinone group required significantly more phenylephrine in the intensive care unit (p<0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Treatment of pulmonary hypertension in adult cardiac surgery patients with inhaled nitric oxide compared with milrinone is associated with lower heart rates, higher right ventricular ejection fraction, and a lower requirement for treatment with vasopressor agents.
authors.affiliation: UMDNJ-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ, USA.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Solina
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Papp
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ginsberg
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Krause
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Grubb
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Scholz
authors.forename: L L
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Pena
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Cody
mesh_terms: D000280:Administration, Inhalation; D000368:Aged; D006348:Cardiac Surgical Procedures; D002315:Cardiopulmonary Bypass; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D006976:Hypertension, Pulmonary / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D008875:Middle Aged; D020105:Milrinone / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013318:Stroke Volume / Q000187:drug effects; D014655:Vascular Resistance / Q000187:drug effects; D014665:Vasodilator Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D014665:Vasodilator Agents; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D020105:Milrinone