title: Ex vivo measurement of tissue distribution of a nitroxide radical after intravenous injection and its in vivo imaging using a rapid scan ESR-CT system.
abstract: To establish the usefulness of ESR-CT imaging with 3-carbamoyl-2,2,5, 5-tetramethylpyrrolidine-1-oxyl (carbamoyl-PROXYL) in living animals, we investigated the tissue distribution of carbamoyl-PROXYL after i. v. injection. Ten minutes after injection of carbamoyl-PROXYL, its concentrations in the liver, spleen, kidney, and plasma were higher than those in the small intestine and stomach. However, the inter-organ differences in concentrations were not striking. We selected the liver as a representative organ and attempted to measure the concentration of carbamoyl-PROXYL in it after washing out all of the blood by in situ perfusion with saline. The ESR spectrum of the liver homogenate after complete blood washout revealed that the concentration of carbamoyl-PROXYL was significantly reduced. Thus, at this time, carbamoyl-PROXYL was distributed predominantly in the plasma and/or loosely attached to the surfaces of cells. We obtained high-quality ESR-CT images of the murine abdomen at a measurement time of 40 s and found that a high-intensity area of carbamoyl-PROXYL appeared in the liver and kidneys, indicating an abundant blood circulation. Although the organ specificity of carbamoyl-PROXYL was weak, we consider that ESR-CT imaging with carbamoyl-PROXYL will be a powerful new tool for non-invasive anatomic analysis of the liver and the kidneys.
authors.affiliation: The Second Department of Internal Medicine, Yamagata University School of Medicine, 2-2-2 Iida-Nishi, Yamagata, Japan. htogashi@med.id.yamagata-u.ac.ip
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Togashi
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Matsuo
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shinzawa
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Takeda
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Shao
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Oikawa
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kamada
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Takahashi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism*; D004578:Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy; D005609:Free Radicals; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D007668:Kidney / Q000473:pathology; D008099:Liver / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D009589:Nitrogen Oxides / Q000378:metabolism*; D014018:Tissue Distribution
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D005609:Free Radicals; D009589:Nitrogen Oxides; C039900:nitroxyl