title: Pulmonary nitric oxide metabolism following infrarenal aortic cross-clamp-induced ischaemia-reperfusion injury.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  to investigate endogenous pulmonary nitric oxide metabolism following infrarenal aortic cross-clamp-induced ischaemia-reperfusion injury.
  
  
  METHODS
  groups of male Wistar rats (n=6) were subjected to 60 minutes of infrarenal aortic cross-clamping under general anaesthesia. Rats were culled after 0, 60 and 120 minutes>> reperfusion, following release of the aortic clamp. A sham-operated control group was also studied. Acute lung injury (ALI) was quantified by measuring the protein concentration in lung bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid. Pulmonary myeloperoxidase activity (MPO) was measured as an index of neutrophil infiltration and degranulation in the lung. Plasma tumour-necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) was measured as an index of the pro-inflammatory cytokine response and pulmonary nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity was determined by measuring conversion of(3)H L-arginine to(3)H L-citrulline in tissue homogenates.
  
  
  RESULTS
  these data show significant ALI with increased pulmonary microvascular permeability and MPO activity in animals subject to 60 minutes>> ischaemia and 60 minutes or 120 minutes of reperfusion compared to control animals (p<0.01). Plasma TNF-alpha levels were significantly increased following 60 minutes of ischaemia compared to controls (p<0.01) and remained significantly increased in animals subject to reperfusion (p<0.01). Pulmonary NOS activity was significantly increased in animals subject to reperfusion (p<0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  the reperfusion phase of infrarenal aortic cross-clamping provokes a significant increase in pulmonary NOS metabolism. The increase in plasma TNF-alpha and MPO activity suggests that this response may be secondary to inducible NOS expression. Manipulation of this response may benefit patients at risk of acute injury following infrarenal aortic reconstruction.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Leicester General Hospital, UK.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pararajasingam
authors.forename: S C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Weight
authors.forename: P R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Bell
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Nicholson
authors.forename: R D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Sayers
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001012:Aorta, Abdominal; D001992:Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid / Q000737:chemistry; D002199:Capillary Permeability; D003250:Constriction; D008168:Lung / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism*; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000378:metabolism; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D009195:Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000378:metabolism*; D013997:Time Factors; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D009195:Peroxidase; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; C496318:Nos2 protein, rat