title: Changes in Shotokan karate black-belt Heian kata performance times: a longitudinal study.
abstract: 10 experienced black-belt subjects were individually timed on each of the five Heian kata and then timed again four years later. Performance time increased significantly in four of the kata, and this was interpreted as a positive progression.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of London Institute of Psychiatry, Denmark Hill, England.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Layton
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Lawrence
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Moran
mesh_terms: D000124:Achievement; D000328:Adult; D004522:Educational Status; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D016139:Martial Arts / Q000193:education / Q000502:physiology*; D009048:Motor Skills / Q000502:physiology*; D009068:Movement / Q000502:physiology*; D013997:Time Factors