title: Altered release of prostaglandins contributes to hypoxic/ischemic impairment of NOC/oFQ cerebrovasodilation.
abstract: This study was designed to determine if altered release of prostaglandins contributes to impaired pial artery dilation to the newly described opioid, nociceptin/orphanin FQ (NOC/oFQ), following hypoxia/ischemia in newborn pigs equipped with a closed cranial window. Global cerebral ischemia (20 min) was induced via elevation of intracranial pressure, while hypoxia (10 min) decreased P(O(2)) to 35+/-3 mmHg with unchanged P(CO(2)). NOC/oFQ (10(-8) and 10(-6) M) modestly increased cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) 6-Keto PGF(1alpha) and TXB(2), the stable breakdown products of PGI(2) and TXA(2), in sham animals (1199+/-39 to 1704+/-104 and 299+/-9 to 409+/-12 pg/ml for control and 10(-6) M NOC/oFQ 6-Keto PGF(1alpha) and TXB(2), respectively). In 1 h post ischemia/reperfusion (I+R) animals, basal levels of 6-Keto PGF(1alpha) and TXB(2) were elevated. NOC/oFQ-stimulated release of 6-Keto PGF(1alpha) was blocked while such release of TXB(2) was enhanced (526+/-15 to 822+/-36 pg/ml for control and 10(-6) M NOC/oFQ CSF TXB(2)). Similar, though more pronounced, changes were observed in hypoxia/ischemia/reperfusion (H+I+R) animals. Pretreatment with indomethacin (5 mg/kg i.v.) or SQ 29,548 (10(-4) M), cyclooxygenase and PGH(2)/TXA(2) receptor antagonists, partially restored attenuated NOC/oFQ pial artery dilation 1 h after I+R (9+/-1 and 18+/-1 vs. 3+/-1 and 6+/-1 vs. 8+/-1 and 13+/-1% for 10(-8) and 10(-6) M NOC/oFQ in sham, I+R, and I+R - SQ 29,548 pretreated animals). In contrast, NOC/oFQ-induced vasodilation was reversed to vasoconstriction in H+I+R animals and indomethacin or SQ 29,548 similarly partially restored such pial vasodilation. These data indicate that altered stimulated prostaglandin release contributes to hypoxic/ischemic impairment of NOC/oFQ-mediated pial artery dilation.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Anesthesia and Pharmacology, University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
authors.forename: W M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Armstead
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D002536:Cerebral Arteries / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002560:Cerebrovascular Circulation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D020925:Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D018847:Opioid Peptides / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010841:Pia Mater / Q000098:blood supply / Q000378:metabolism; D011453:Prostaglandins / Q000378:metabolism*; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000503:physiopathology; D013552:Swine; D014664:Vasodilation / Q000502:physiology; D014665:Vasodilator Agents / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000097629:Nociceptin
chemical_list: D018847:Opioid Peptides; D011453:Prostaglandins; D014665:Vasodilator Agents; D000097629:Nociceptin