title: Elevated abeta42 in skeletal muscle of Alzheimer disease patients suggests peripheral alterations of AbetaPP metabolism.
abstract: The levels of amyloid-beta40 (Abeta40) and Abeta42 peptides were quantified in temporalis muscles and brain of neuropathologically diagnosed Alzheimer disease (AD) and of nondemented individuals. This was achieved by using a novel analytical approach consisting of a combination of fast-performance liquid chromatographic (FPLC) size exclusion chromatography developed under denaturing conditions and europium immunoassay on the 4.0- to 4.5-kd fractions. In the temporalis muscles of the AD and nondemented control groups, the average values for Abeta42 were 15.7 ng/g and 10.2 ng/g (P = 0.010), and for Abeta40 they were 37.8 ng/g and 29.8 ng/g (P = 0.067), respectively. Multiple regression analyses of the AD and control combined populations indicated that 1) muscle Abeta40 and muscle Abeta42 levels were correlated with each other (P < 0.001), 2) muscle Abeta40 levels were positively correlated with age (P = 0. 036), and 3) muscle Abeta42 levels were positively correlated with Braak stage (P = 0.042). Other forms of the Abeta peptide were discovered by mass spectrometry, revealing the presence of Abeta starting at residues 1, 6, 7, 9, 10, and 11 and ending at residues 40, 42, 44, 45, and 46. It is possible that in AD the skeletal muscle may contribute to the elevated plasma pool of Abeta and thus indirectly to the amyloid deposits of the brain parenchyma and cerebral blood vessels. The increased levels of Abeta in the temporalis muscles of AD patients suggest that alterations in AbetaPP and Abeta metabolism may be manifested in peripheral tissues.
authors.affiliation: Haldeman Laboratory for Alzheimer Disease Research, Sun Health Research Institute, Sun City, Arizona 85351, USA.
authors.forename: Y M
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Kuo
authors.forename: T A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Kokjohn
authors.forename: M D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Watson
authors.forename: A S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Woods
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Cotter
authors.forename: L I
authors.initials: LI
authors.lastname: Sue
authors.forename: W M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Kalback
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Emmerling
authors.forename: T G
authors.initials: TG
authors.lastname: Beach
authors.forename: A E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Roher
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D015153:Blotting, Western; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D008297:Male; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D008875:Middle Aged; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D013703:Temporal Muscle / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides; D010446:Peptide Fragments; C078592:amyloid beta-protein (1-40); C075222:amyloid beta-protein (1-42)