title: Teratogenic effect of ketamine and cocaine in CF-1 mice.
abstract: Pregnant CF-1 mice were used to study the teratogenic effect of ketamine and cocaine, alone and in combination. The dose of ketamine was 50 mg/kg and that of cocaine was 20 mg/kg, given intravenously (tail) once daily (these doses of ketamine and cocaine are comparable to doses used by addicted humans). Treatment was started from day 6 to day 15 of gestation, and dams were sacrificed on day 18. There were significant decreases in the fetal weight and length in the combined group. Skeletal defects such as incomplete ossification of skull bones and vertebrae were observed in both the cocaine and combined group, compared with the control. An increased frequency of cerebral and abdominal hemorrhages as well as hydrocephalus and hydronephrosis was observed in the combined group. This study showed that fetal exposure to ketamine and cocaine in combination was more teratogenic than each drug alone in CF-1 mice.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey 07103-2714, USA.
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Abdel-Rahman
authors.forename: E E
authors.initials: EE
authors.lastname: Ismail
mesh_terms: D000014:Abnormalities, Drug-Induced / Q000196:embryology / Q000473:pathology*; D000015:Abnormalities, Multiple / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000196:embryology / Q000473:pathology*; D000818:Animals; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000002:abnormalities; D003042:Cocaine / Q000633:toxicity*; D004347:Drug Interactions; D005313:Fetal Death / Q000139:chemically induced; D005327:Fetal Resorption / Q000139:chemically induced; D006801:Humans; D007649:Ketamine / Q000633:toxicity*; D051379:Mice; D013723:Teratogens / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D013723:Teratogens; D007649:Ketamine; D003042:Cocaine