title: Identification of oxidative degradates of the thrombin inhibitor, 3-(2-phenethylamino)-6-methyl-1-(2-amino-6-methyl-5-methyleneca rboxamidomethylpyridinyl)pyrazinone, using liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry.
abstract: Liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry was used to identify reaction products from a solution of 3-(2-phenethylamino)-6-methyl-1-(2-amino-6-methyl-5-methyleneca rboxamidomethylpyridinyl)pyrazinone (L-375,378) and hydrogen peroxide, a system that generates high levels of the oxidative degradates which form in the tablets and intravenous (i.v.) solutions of L-375,378. Two major hydrogen peroxide reaction products of L-375,378 (m/z 407) with m/z values of 369 and 370 were separated and identified. Both compounds were products of ring opening with elimination of three carbon atoms from the center pyrazinone ring. The structural assignments for these two products were alpha-amidinoamide and alpha-diamide compounds, respectively. In addition, five products (m/z 423) with a molecular weight 16 Da greater than that for L-375,378 were separated. Further liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry experiments indicated that three of these M + 16 products were phenolic derivatives of L-375,378. Among them, the para-hydroxy compound has been verified using an authentic standard. The other two phenolic compounds were believed to be the meta- and ortho-hydroxy derivatives of L-375,378. The fourth M + 16 product was derived from hydroxylation of the methyl group on the center pyrazinone ring. The fifth M + 16 product was derived from oxidation on the aminopyridine moiety, most likely N-oxide of the pyridine ring. Other minor hydrogen peroxide reaction products were not studied in detail because they did not appear in tablets or i.v. formulations.
authors.affiliation: Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, PA 19486, USA. yunhui_wu@merck.com
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gier
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Almarsson
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ostovic
authors.forename: A E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Loper
mesh_terms: D000577:Amides / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry; D000631:Aminopyridines / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods; D003958:Diamide / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry; D004340:Drug Contamination; D004355:Drug Stability; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000737:chemistry; D006900:Hydroxylation / Q000187:drug effects; D013058:Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods; D008970:Molecular Weight; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D011719:Pyrazines / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012996:Solutions; D013056:Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet; D013607:Tablets; D013917:Thrombin / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*
chemical_list: D000577:Amides; D000631:Aminopyridines; C115582:L 375378; D011719:Pyrazines; D012996:Solutions; D013607:Tablets; D003958:Diamide; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D013917:Thrombin