title: Gene cloning and nucleotide sequencing and properties of a cocaine esterase from Rhodococcus sp. strain MB1.
abstract: A strain of Rhodococcus designated MB1, which was capable of utilizing cocaine as a sole source of carbon and nitrogen for growth, was isolated from rhizosphere soil of the tropane alkaloid-producing plant Erythroxylum coca. A cocaine esterase was found to initiate degradation of cocaine, which was hydrolyzed to ecgonine methyl ester and benzoate; both of these esterolytic products were further metabolized by Rhodococcus sp. strain MB1. The structural gene encoding a cocaine esterase, designated cocE, was cloned from Rhodococcus sp. strain MB1 genomic libraries by screening recombinant strains of Rhodococcus erythropolis CW25 for growth on cocaine. The nucleotide sequence of cocE corresponded to an open reading frame of 1,724 bp that codes for a protein of 574 amino acids. The amino acid sequence of cocaine esterase has a region of similarity with the active serine consensus of X-prolyl dipeptidyl aminopeptidases, suggesting that the cocaine esterase is a serine esterase. The cocE coding sequence was subcloned into the pCFX1 expression plasmid and expressed in Escherichia coli. The recombinant cocaine esterase was purified to apparent homogeneity and was found to be monomeric, with an M(r) of approximately 65,000. The apparent K(m) of the enzyme (mean +/- standard deviation) for cocaine was measured as 1.33 +/- 0.085 mM. These findings are of potential use in the development of a linked assay for the detection of illicit cocaine.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QT, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Bresler
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Rosser
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Basran
authors.forename: N C
authors.initials: NC
authors.lastname: Bruce
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D019817:Benzoic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D002265:Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D003042:Cocaine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000378:metabolism*; D005798:Genes, Bacterial; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000302:isolation & purification; D012240:Rhodococcus / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics*; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
chemical_list: D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D019817:Benzoic Acid; D002265:Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases; C019921:cocaine esterase; D003042:Cocaine; C034524:ecgonine methyl ester