title: Activation of immediate early gene, c-fos, and c-jun in the rat small intestine after ischemia/reperfusion.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Activated immediate early genes (IEGs) play key roles in mediating cellular response after ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injuries in some organs such as liver, heart and kidney. However, there is no report investigating an association between the activation of IEGs and cellular regeneration or programmed cell death after I/R in small intestine.
  
  
  METHODS
  We examined a sequential expression of c-fos and c-jun after I/R in rat small intestine using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and Northern blot analysis, and compared the patterns with coexistent two parameters: (1) regeneration determined by immunohistochemical detection of proliferating cell nuclear antigen, (2) programmed cell death determined with the terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end-labeling (TUNEL) method and DNA fragmentation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The expression of c-fos and c-jun mRNA increased markedly 15 min after reperfusion and was, respectively, 6.3 and 4.4 times higher than in controls. Proliferating cell nuclear antigen expression was significantly elevated between 5 min and 4 hr, peaking at 30 min after reperfusion. Apoptosis showed a peak 60 min after reperfusion. Apoptosis after I/R was detected in the nuclei of absorptive epithelial cells by the TUNEL method, and these apoptotic signals were consistent with the expression of c-Fos and c-Jun proteins using an immunohistochemical method.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that overexpression of c-fos and c-jun after I/R in the small intestine correlates with programmed cell death and subsequent cellular regeneration.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery (II), School of Medicine, Kanazawa University, Ishikawa, Japan.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Itoh
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yagi
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fushida
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tani
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hashimoto
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shimizu
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Miwa
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D015870:Gene Expression; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D017781:Genes, Immediate-Early / Q000235:genetics*; D016762:Genes, fos / Q000235:genetics*; D016758:Genes, jun / Q000235:genetics*; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D020287:In Situ Nick-End Labeling; D007421:Intestine, Small / Q000098:blood supply / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D018809:Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen / Q000096:biosynthesis; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D011917:Rats, Inbred Lew; D012038:Regeneration / Q000235:genetics; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D018809:Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen; D012333:RNA, Messenger