title: Emotional abuse, self-blame, and self-silencing in women with irritable bowel syndrome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to investigate the presence of emotional abuse and two psychosocial constructs (self-blame and self-silencing) in a sample of women diagnosed with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) relative to a comparison sample of women diagnosed with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).
  
  
  METHODS
  Women diagnosed with IBS (N = 25) were compared with women diagnosed with IBD (N = 25) on measures of history of abuse, self-blame, and self-silencing.
  
  
  RESULTS
  It was found that women in the IBS sample scored significantly higher on emotional abuse, self-blame, and self-silencing than did women in the IBD sample. These three variables were also found to be significantly intercorrelated in both the IBS and IBD samples. Finally, emotional abuse was significantly higher in IBS patients than in IBD patients beyond the differences accounted for by physical and/or sexual abuse history.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings empirically demonstrate an association between IBS and emotional abuse, as well as a possible connection with psychosocial variables, that may mediate the connection between emotional abuse and functional bowel symptoms. We suggest that these variables be further evaluated in the context of clinically relevant research on IBS.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada. alisha_ali@camh.net
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ali
authors.forename: B B
authors.initials: BB
authors.lastname: Toner
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Stuckless
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gallop
authors.forename: N E
authors.initials: NE
authors.lastname: Diamant
authors.forename: M I
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Gould
authors.forename: E I
authors.initials: EI
authors.lastname: Vidins
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000328:Adult; D000339:Affect; D003109:Colonic Diseases, Functional / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology*; D003863:Depression / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology; D017579:Domestic Violence / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006167:Guilt; D006801:Humans; D015212:Inflammatory Bowel Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology; D008016:Life Change Events; D011602:Psychophysiologic Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires