title: Diagnosis and management of normal-pressure hydrocephalus.
abstract: The syndrome of normal-pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) remains a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge, especially as many patients do not display the classical clinical and neuroimaging patterns of NPH, thus questioning the usefulness of a shunt. Gait impairment remains the cardinal symptom, while mental deterioration may be subtle and even unrecognized. NPH is rarely the cause of severe dementia, and substantial improvement in NPH-related mental deterioration is limited to 30-40% of shunted patients. Many ancillary investigations have been described that can increase the probability of selecting the appropriate candidates for a shunt. The reliability and reproducibility of these tests are limited. Unfortunately, the best predictive tests are technically complex and are used only in a few specialized centers. The best management is still to adhere to strict clinical and magnetic resonance imaging criteria and to rely on a positive - but not negative - CSF tap test and the occurrence of B-waves during at least 50% of the continuous intracranial pressure recording time, when this procedure is available.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Sint Lucas Andreas Ziekenhuis, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Vanneste
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D006850:Hydrocephalus, Normal Pressure / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery