title: Functional expression of NOS 1 in vascular smooth muscle.
abstract: Substances that increase intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca(2+)](i)), such as serotonin, are known to induce vascular smooth muscle (VSM) contraction. However, increases in [Ca(2+)](i) also activate Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent nitric oxide synthases (NOS), which leads to increases in cGMP and activation of cGMP-dependent protein kinase (PKG). One recently identified substrate protein of PKG is the small heat shock protein, HSP20. The purpose of this study was to determine if serotonin activates a Ca(2+)-dependent NOS in VSM. Strips of bovine carotid arterial smooth muscle denuded of endothelium were stimulated with serotonin in the presence and absence of the nonspecific NOS inhibitor N-monomethyl-L-arginine (L-NMMA). Activation of NOS was determined by increases in cGMP and in the phosphorylation of HSP20. Immunohistochemical and Western blotting techniques were performed to identify specific NOS isoforms in bovine carotid arterial smooth muscle preparations. Serotonin stimulation led to significant increases in cGMP and in the phosphorylation of HSP20, which were inhibited by pretreatment with L-NMMA. Antibodies against NOS 1 stained the media of bovine carotid and human renal arteries, whereas antibodies against NOS 3 stained only the endothelium. Additionally, the conversion of radiolabeled L-arginine to L-citrulline NOS activity demonstrated a consistent amount of activity present in the endothelium-denuded smooth muscle preparations that was reduced by 99% with an NOS 1 specific inhibitor. Finally, an NOS 1 specific inhibitor, 7-nitroindazole, augmented contractions induced by high extracellular KCl. This study demonstrates that NOS 1 is present in VSM and may effect physiological contractile responses.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Surgery, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia 30912, USA.
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Brophy
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Knoepp
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xin
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Pollock
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002118:Calcium / Q000494:pharmacology; D002339:Carotid Arteries / Q000201:enzymology; D002417:Cattle; D006152:Cyclic GMP / Q000378:metabolism; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000201:enzymology; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D015870:Gene Expression; D050886:HSP20 Heat-Shock Proteins; D006360:Heat-Shock Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000187:drug effects; D009131:Muscle, Smooth, Vascular / Q000201:enzymology*; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics*; D052248:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type I; D010750:Phosphoproteins / Q000378:metabolism; D010766:Phosphorylation; D012077:Renal Artery / Q000201:enzymology; D012701:Serotonin / Q000494:pharmacology; D019323:omega-N-Methylarginine / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D050886:HSP20 Heat-Shock Proteins; C494382:HSPB6 protein, human; D006360:Heat-Shock Proteins; D010750:Phosphoproteins; D019323:omega-N-Methylarginine; D012701:Serotonin; C496320:NOS1 protein, human; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D052248:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type I; D006152:Cyclic GMP; D002118:Calcium