title: A beta1,3-glucan recognition protein from an insect, Manduca sexta, agglutinates microorganisms and activates the phenoloxidase cascade.
abstract: Pattern recognition proteins function in innate immune responses by binding to molecules on the surface of invading pathogens and initiating host defense reactions. We report the purification and molecular cloning of a cDNA for a 53-kDa beta1,3-glucan-recognition protein from the tobacco hornworm, Manduca sexta. This protein is constitutively expressed in fat body and secreted into hemolymph. The protein contains a region with sequence similarity to several glucanases, but it lacks glucanase activity. It binds to the surface of and agglutinates yeast, as well as gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. Beta1,3-glucan-recognition protein in the presence of laminarin, a soluble glucan, stimulated activation of prophenoloxidase in plasma, whereas laminarin alone did not. These results suggest that beta1,3-glucan-recognition protein serves as a pattern recognition molecule for beta1,3-glucan on the surface of fungal cell walls. After binding to beta1,3-glucan, the protein may interact with a serine protease, leading to the activation of the prophenoloxidase cascade, a pathway in insects for defense against microbial infection.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Kanost
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism; D002473:Cell Wall / Q000737:chemistry; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D017124:Conserved Sequence; D018076:DNA, Complementary / Q000235:genetics; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000378:metabolism; D005658:Fungi / Q000737:chemistry; D005936:Glucans / Q000378:metabolism*; D006026:Glycoside Hydrolases / Q000378:metabolism; D006458:Hemolymph / Q000737:chemistry; D019476:Insect Proteins; D018402:Manduca / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology*; D008837:Micrococcus / Q000378:metabolism; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D014442:Monophenol Monooxygenase / Q000378:metabolism*; D011134:Polysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology; D011485:Protein Binding; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D047071:beta-Glucans
chemical_list: D002352:Carrier Proteins; D018076:DNA, Complementary; D005936:Glucans; D019476:Insect Proteins; D011134:Polysaccharides; D012333:RNA, Messenger; C405332:beta-1,3-glucan recognition protein, insect; D047071:beta-Glucans; C008247:laminaran; C033363:beta-1,3-glucan; D014442:Monophenol Monooxygenase; D006026:Glycoside Hydrolases