title: Repair of pectus excavatum deformities: 30 years of experience with 375 patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To review the surgical experience with pectus excavatum chest deformities at UCLA Medical Center during a 30-year period.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Pectus excavatum is a relatively common malformation that is often symptomatic; however, children's physicians often do not refer patients for surgical correction.
  
  
  METHODS
  Hospital records from 375 patients who underwent repair of pectus excavatum deformities between 1969 and 1999 were reviewed. Decrease in stamina and endurance during exercise was reported by 67%; 32% had frequent respiratory infections, 8% had chest pain, and 7% had asthma. The mean pectus severity score (width of chest divided by distance between posterior surface of sternum and anterior surface of spine) was 4.65 (normal chest = 2.56). All patients had marked cardiac deviation into the left chest. Repair was performed with subperiosteal resection of the abnormal cartilages, transverse wedge osteotomy of the anterior sternum, and internal support with a steel strut for 6 months. Repair was performed on 177 children before age 11 years; 38 adults with severe symptoms underwent repair.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean hospital stay was 3.1 days. With a mean follow-up of 12.6 years, all patients with preoperative respiratory symptoms, exercise limitation, and chest pain experienced improvement. Vital capacity increased 11% (mean) within 9 months in 35 patients evaluated. There were no deaths. Complications included hypertrophic scar formation (35), atelectasis (12), pleural effusion (13), recurrent sternal depression (5), and pericarditis (3). More than 97% had a very good or excellent result.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pectus excavatum deformities can be repaired with a low rate of complications, a short hospital stay, and excellent long-term physiologic and cosmetic results.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA.
authors.forename: E W
authors.initials: EW
authors.lastname: Fonkalsrud
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Dunn
authors.forename: J B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Atkinson
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D005660:Funnel Chest / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D019616:Thoracic Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods; D016896:Treatment Outcome