title: [Target controlled infusion (TCI): applications of the "TCI visual" program in anesthesia and sedation with propofol].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Systems for Target Controlled Infusion accepting not only patient' data, like Diprifusor, but also a pharmacokinetic model have not been available in Italy in the last years. Therefore a program which controls a Pilot Anesthesia Vial pump and accepts any pharmacokinetic model was developed and applied to propofol infusion for anaesthesia and sedation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two versions of the Visual TCI program have been developed. The first, at intervals, supplies the anaesthetist with the values for the pump; the second directly interacts with the pump. The program also supplies the anaesthetist with the current amount of drug in each compartment and with the estimated awakening time.
  
  
  METHODS
  preliminary prospective study.
  
  
  METHODS
  operatory theatre and Intensive Care Unit in a University Hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  6 patients undergoing total intravenous anaesthesia with propofol and fentanyl for abdominal surgery; 6 patients undergoing sedation with propofol in an Intensive Care Unit (the first 4-hour period was taken into account).
  
  
  METHODS
  propofol infusion was regulated by the Visual TCI program. The first version was employed in three patients of each group and the second one in the others. Hypo- and hypertensive episodes (systolic pressure less than 80 mmHg or higher than basal value plus 25%) were recorded during anaesthesia and sedation. Propofol concentration was measured in plasma three times at defined intervals and per cent differences between measured and computer-calculated values (Predictive error, PE) were calculated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No hypo- or hypertensive episodes were recorded. PE was 27.4 +/- 17.9%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The program was easily employed, caused no inconvenience, and its use was associated with a remarkable cardiovascular stability. PE distribution was acceptable on the ground of the criteria reported in the literature. The program can be applied to drugs other than propofol, with both two and three compartment pharmacokinetic models and the anaesthetist can choose the most suitable model for the patient.
authors.affiliation: Istituto di Anestesiologia e Rianimazione, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Cavaliere
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Pennisi
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Meo
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: De Cosmo
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: La Mura
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Proietti
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000768:Anesthesia, General / Q000379:methods*; D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D016292:Procedural Sedation / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007260:Infusion Pumps; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010865:Pilot Projects; D015742:Propofol / Q000008:administration & dosage*
chemical_list: D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous; D015742:Propofol