title: Anisotropic diffusion in kidney: apparent diffusion coefficient measurements for clinical use.
abstract: The purpose of this study was to evaluate anisotropy of the kidney by measurements of the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) using commercially available magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. Fifty-one consecutive patients underwent diffusion-weighted echoplanar MR imaging of the upper abdomen with five different strengths of motion probing gradients (b = 1.51, 55.3, 36.6, 317, and 932 sec/mm2) applied along the z-axis. Four ADC values for the upper pole and central portion of the kidney were calculated from four different b-value ranges and compared. The ADCs for the kidney calculated in the lower b-value ranges were significantly higher than those in the higher ranges. The ADCs for the upper pole portion were significantly higher than those for the central portion except for one in the highest b-value range. Diffusion in the kidney is anisotropic, probably due to the kidney's radially oriented structures such as renal vessels and tubules.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Japan.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fukuda
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Ohashi
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hanafusa
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakagawa
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ohtani
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: An-naka
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hayashi
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shibuya
mesh_terms: D016880:Anisotropy; D004058:Diffusion; D017352:Echo-Planar Imaging; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged