title: Nonproteolytic role for the urokinase receptor in cellular migration in vivo.
abstract: The urokinase receptor (uPAR) binds and localizes urokinase activity at cellular surfaces, facilitating fibrinolysis and cellular migration at sites of tissue injury. uPAR also participates in cellular signaling and regulates integrin-dependent adhesion and migration in vitro. We now report evidence that uPAR occupancy regulates cellular migration in vivo in the absence of functional urokinase. Recombinant murine KC (1.5 microg), a potent neutrophil chemoattractant, was delivered to the lungs of wild-type, urokinase-deficient or uPAR-deficient mice 18 h after intraperitoneal injection of 200 microg human immunoglobulin G (IgG) or a fusion protein composed of an amino-terminal receptor-binding fragment of urokinase and a human IgG Fc fragment (GFD-Fc). Whole lung lavage for recovery of leukocytes was performed 4 h later. KC treatment resulted in a 100-fold increase in lavage neutrophils. GFD-Fc injection resulted in >50% reduction in neutrophil influx in both wild-type and urokinase-deficient animals but had no effect on uPAR -/- mice. A concomitant reduction in alveolar protein leakage but no change in numbers of circulating neutrophils accompanied this attenuated inflammatory response. The reduction in neutrophil influx induced by GFD-Fc is thus related to uPAR occupancy and yet not due to disruption of uPAR-mediated proteolysis. These observations verify that protease-independent functions of uPAR operate in vivo and identify uPAR as a potential target for regulation of inflammatory processes characterized by neutrophil-mediated injury.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. waltz@a1.tch.harvard.edu
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Waltz
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Fujita
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Natkin
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhuo
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Gerard
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rosenberg
authors.forename: H A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Chapman
mesh_terms: D000281:Administration, Intranasal; D000818:Animals; D002448:Cell Adhesion / Q000276:immunology; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000276:immunology*; D004396:Coloring Agents / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D005070:Evans Blue / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D006801:Humans; D007127:Immunoglobulin Constant Regions / Q000494:pharmacology; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000494:pharmacology; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000166:cytology* / Q000276:immunology; D011650:Pulmonary Alveoli / Q000737:chemistry / Q000166:cytology* / Q000201:enzymology; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000235:genetics*; D055293:Receptors, Urokinase Plasminogen Activator; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000276:immunology*; D014568:Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D004396:Coloring Agents; D007127:Immunoglobulin Constant Regions; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; C524898:PLAUR protein, human; C524899:Plaur protein, mouse; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; D055293:Receptors, Urokinase Plasminogen Activator; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D005070:Evans Blue; D014568:Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator