title: Psychosocial morbidity: the economic burden in a pediatric health maintenance organization sample.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate psychosocial morbidity in pediatric primary care and to determine displaced health care utilization.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional sample of parent-child dyads was screened using the Pediatric Symptom Checklist (PSC) at 6 pediatric sites of a health maintenance organization (HMO). Cost and utilization data were retrieved from regional databases for this sample.
  
  
  METHODS
  Parent-child dyads from an HMO in northern California (N = 1840). The children ranged in age from 2 to 18 years.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In all, 13.0% of children exhibited psychosocial dysfunction. The rate of children's chronic illness was 18.4%. Multiple regression analyses measured utilization and cost of health and psychiatric care for the selected population for the previous year; the average log cost of health care per child was $393. The average health care cost for children with anxious, depressed symptoms was $805. Chronically ill children were the highest utilizers of health care, with an average log cost of $1138. When psychosocial dysfunction was present, regression models showed that health care spending was highest for young children.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Health care utilization was higher for children with psychosocial morbidity, was higher among younger children, and decreased with age as psychiatric costs progressively increased.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Kaiser Permanente Medical Group, San Jose, Calif 95119, USA.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bernal
authors.forename: D B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Estroff
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Aboudarham
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Murphy
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Keller
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Jellinek
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002140:California / Q000453:epidemiology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002908:Chronic Disease / Q000191:economics*; D017281:Cost of Illness; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006279:Health Maintenance Organizations / Q000191:economics*; D006300:Health Services Misuse / Q000191:economics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011602:Psychophysiologic Disorders / Q000191:economics* / Q000453:epidemiology; D013001:Somatoform Disorders / Q000191:economics* / Q000453:epidemiology; D014600:Utilization Review