title: Physiological changes in pigs exposed to a blast wave from a detonating high-explosive charge.
abstract: The aim of this project was to study respiration, circulation, and brain activity in pigs during and after a blast wave exposure. Ten anesthetized pigs were used. Seven were exposed to blast and three were controls. Physiological parameters of respiration and circulation as well as cortical activity were followed from 30 minutes before until 120 minutes after the real or simulated blast. There were no significant changes in heart rhythm, cardiac output, arterial oxygen or carbon dioxide tension, blood pH, or mixed venous saturation during the experiment. The blast exposure caused intestinal injuries but no lung damage. A transient flattening of the electroencephalogram was seen immediately after the blast in four experimental animals, in contrast to the unchanged baseline electroencephalogram of the control animals. This momentary depression of cortical activity accompanied by short-lasting apnea indicates a blast wave-induced effect on the brainstem or higher controlling center.
authors.affiliation: Weapons and Protection Division, Defense Research Establishment, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Axelsson
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hjelmqvist
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Medin
authors.forename: J K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Persson
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Suneson
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001049:Apnea / Q000209:etiology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D001753:Blast Injuries / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001775:Blood Circulation / Q000502:physiology*; D001784:Blood Gas Analysis; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004569:Electroencephalography; D005107:Explosions; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000502:physiology*; D007422:Intestines / Q000293:injuries; D008991:Monitoring, Physiologic; D011180:Postmortem Changes; D015656:Respiratory Mechanics / Q000502:physiology*; D013552:Swine; D013997:Time Factors; D014743:Videotape Recording