title: Neurohormonal activation late after cavopulmonary connection.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether patients with cavopulmonary connection have higher levels of vasoactive/water-salt regulating hormones and if so, whether hormone levels are related to postoperative haemodynamics and postoperative follow up.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross sectional study.
  
  
  METHODS
  University hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  20 patients (New York Heart Association functional class I-II), mean age 11 years (range 4 to 22), were studied at a mean of 2 years (0.5 to 6) after a total cavopulmonary connection (TCPC, n = 12) or a bidirectional Glenn anastomosis (BDG, n = 8).
  
  
  METHODS
  Cardiac catheterisation was performed and blood samples were drawn. Control blood samples were drawn from 33 healthy children, mean age 12 years (6 to 16).
  
  
  METHODS
  Plasma levels of angiotensin II, renin, aldosterone, arginine, vasopressin, atrial natriuretic factor (ANF), brain natriuretic peptide (BNP).
  
  
  RESULTS
  All neurohormones were significantly increased in both TCPC and BDG patients (p < 0. 05), with a fourfold increase in angiotensin II, renin, and aldosterone, and a twofold increase in vasopressin, ANF, and BNP (compared with healthy controls). There was no correlation between haemodynamic variables and hormone levels. Angiotensin II and renin were inversely correlated with time to follow up. All subjects over 15 years (n = 5) had normal neurohormonal levels.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Neurohormones were raised for years after successful cavopulmonary operations but lower levels were observed with time on follow up. This supports the hypothesis that neurohormonal activation is primarily related to altered postoperative physiology and that adaptation takes place over time.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby Section, DK-8200 Aarhus N, Denmark. vibeke.hjortdal@dadlnet.dk
authors.forename: V E
authors.initials: VE
authors.lastname: Hjortdal
authors.forename: E V
authors.initials: EV
authors.lastname: Stenbøg
authors.forename: H B
authors.initials: HB
authors.lastname: Ravn
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Emmertsen
authors.forename: K T
authors.initials: KT
authors.lastname: Jensen
authors.forename: E B
authors.initials: EB
authors.lastname: Pedersen
authors.forename: K H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Olsen
authors.forename: O K
authors.initials: OK
authors.lastname: Hansen
authors.forename: K E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Sørensen
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000450:Aldosterone / Q000097:blood; D000804:Angiotensin II / Q000097:blood; D001127:Arginine Vasopressin / Q000097:blood; D009320:Atrial Natriuretic Factor / Q000097:blood; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D018610:Heart Bypass, Right; D006330:Heart Defects, Congenital / Q000601:surgery*; D006439:Hemodynamics; D006728:Hormones / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D020097:Natriuretic Peptide, Brain / Q000097:blood; D009490:Neurosecretory Systems / Q000503:physiopathology*; D011184:Postoperative Period; D012083:Renin / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D006728:Hormones; D000804:Angiotensin II; D001127:Arginine Vasopressin; D020097:Natriuretic Peptide, Brain; D000450:Aldosterone; D009320:Atrial Natriuretic Factor; D012083:Renin