title: Patient presentation, angiographic features, and treatment of strangulation-induced bilateral dissection of the cervical internal carotid artery. Report of three cases.
abstract: Domestic violence leading to strangulation by an abusive spouse can cause carotid artery dissection. This phenomenon is rare and has been described in only three previous instances. The authors present their management strategies in three additional cases. Three young women aged 24 to 43 years were victims of manual strangulation committed by their spouses 3 months to 1 year before presentation. Two of the patients suffered delayed cerebral infarctions before presentation and angiography demonstrated focal, mirror-image severe residual stenoses in the high-cervical internal carotid artery (ICA), which were characteristic of a healed chronic dissection; there was no evidence of fibromuscular dysplasia. One of these patients underwent unilateral percutaneous angioplasty with stent placement, and the other underwent bilateral percutaneous angioplasty. Both patients have recovered from their strokes and remain clinically stable at 8 and 20 months posttreatment, respectively. The third patient presented with bilateral ischemic frontal watershed infarctions resulting from an occluded left ICA and a severely narrowed right ICA. Given the extent of the established infarctions, this case was managed with a long-term regimen of anticoagulation medications, and the patient remains neurologically impaired. These cases illustrate the susceptibility of the manually compressed ICA to traumatic injury as a result of domestic violence. They identify bilateral symmetrical ICA dissection as a consistent finding and the real danger of delayed stroke as a consequence of strangulation. Endovascular therapy in which percutaneous angioplasty and/or stent placement are used can be useful in treating residual focal stenoses to improve cerebral perfusion and to lower the risk of embolic or ischemic stroke.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University of California, San Francisco, USA. ammalek@bics.bwh.harvard.edu
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Malek
authors.forename: R T
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Higashida
authors.forename: V V
authors.initials: VV
authors.lastname: Halbach
authors.forename: C F
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Dowd
authors.forename: C C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Phatouros
authors.forename: T E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Lempert
authors.forename: P M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Meyers
authors.forename: W S
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Stoney
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000800:Angioplasty, Balloon; D001237:Asphyxia / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D020212:Carotid Artery Injuries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000628:therapy*; D020215:Carotid Artery, Internal, Dissection / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000628:therapy*; D002533:Cerebral Angiography; D002544:Cerebral Infarction / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000628:therapy; D002908:Chronic Disease; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D019838:Neck Injuries / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D013179:Spouse Abuse; D015607:Stents