title: Repressive-defensive style and physiological reactivity among children and adolescents with asthma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study evaluates the concordance of two self-report methods of operationalizing repressive-defensive style in children with asthma. It was hypothesized that, compared with low-anxious children, repressive-defensive children would exhibit increased physiological reactivity during a stressful laboratory task, despite comparable self-reports of state anxiety.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ninety-one children and adolescents (mean age = 11.5 years) with asthma participated in the study. Repressive-defensiveness was operationalized as self-reported low distress coupled with high defensiveness or restraint. Self-report data reflecting trait anxiety, defensiveness, and personality style were used to classify children as repressive-defensive by two independent methods. Physiological reactivity was operationalized as standardized changes in peripheral temperature, heart rate, and/or skin conductance from baseline to a stressful task. For the stressful task, children spoke into a tape recorder about a stressful or embarrassing event.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Each method classified 20% of children as repressive-defensive. However, of the children classified as repressive-defensive by either method (n = 26), only 38% (n = 10) were classified as repressive-defensive by both methods. In addition, regardless of the classification method, repressive-defensive children did not consistently differ from low-anxious children with respect to physiological reactivity under stress, one of the hallmarks of repressive-defensiveness in adults.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results cast doubt on our ability to measure repressive-defensiveness reliably using self-report measures. Future research should determine whether children and adolescents can be reliably classified as repressive-defensive, whether this classification is related to physiological reactivity as in adults, and whether repressive-defensiveness plays a role in emotionally triggered asthma symptoms.
authors.affiliation: Rhode Island Hospital/Brown University School of Medicine, 593 Eddy Street, Providence, RI 02903, USA. Jack_Nassau@brown.edu
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Nassau
authors.forename: G K
authors.initials: GK
authors.lastname: Fritz
authors.forename: E L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: McQuaid
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001007:Anxiety / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology; D001249:Asthma / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology*; D001831:Body Temperature / Q000502:physiology; D002648:Child; D003674:Defense Mechanisms; D005260:Female; D005712:Galvanic Skin Response; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008016:Life Change Events; D008297:Male; D010551:Personality; D010555:Personality Inventory; D012094:Repression, Psychology; D012928:Social Desirability; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology*