title: The use of induced sputum in the assessment of pulmonary involvement in Crohn's disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Our aim was to evaluate lung involvement in Crohn's disease (CRD) patients by induced sputum (IS). Extraintestinal manifestations are frequent in CRD, but lung involvement is rare. Induced sputum is a reliable noninvasive method of investigating the pathogenesis, pathophysiology, and treatment of lung disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-four CRD patients and nine control subjects (all nonsmokers) without respiratory symptoms were tested. Sputum was induced by 20' inhalation of 3.5% saline using ultrasonic nebulizer. Samples were studied by differential counts of 200 cells on cytopreps stained by Giemsa. T-lymphocyte subset analyses were done by FACS using three monoclonal antibodies: CD3 = total T cells, CD4 = T helper cells, and CD8 = T suppressor-cytotoxic cells. CD4/CD8 >2.5 was considered abnormal.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Four patients did not produce sputum. Of the remaining 20 patients, seven had active CRD and 13 were in remission. They were divided into two groups: Group A patients had abnormal CD4/CD8 ratio of 6.7 +/- 2.5; Group B (seven patients) had normal CD4/CD8 ratio of 1.7 +/- 0.52 (p = 0.0001). The differential counts of IS samples were similar in both groups, but lymphocyte count was significantly higher in CRD patients than in the control group (13.2 +/- 11.2 vs 4.8 +/- 3.6, p = 0.036). There were no differences in spirometry, treatment, extent, or activity of CRD.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Using a simple noninvasive method, we found that among CRD patients without respiratory symptoms there was a high (65%) incidence of lung involvement.
authors.affiliation: Gastroenterology Department, Hillel Yaffe Medical Center, Hadera, Israel.
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Fireman
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Osipov
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kivity
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kopelman
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sternberg
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lazarov
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Fireman
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D016516:CD4-CD8 Ratio; D003424:Crohn Disease / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000276:immunology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016130:Immunophenotyping; D008168:Lung / Q000276:immunology; D008171:Lung Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000276:immunology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D013183:Sputum / Q000276:immunology*; D016176:T-Lymphocyte Subsets / Q000276:immunology*