title: Recent geographic patterns of lung cancer and mesothelioma mortality rates in 49 shipyard counties in the United States, 1970-94.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Lung cancer mortality rates among white males in the United States were observed to be elevated during 1950-69 in counties with shipbuilding industries during World War II; risk was found to be associated with asbestos exposure. We evaluated the geographic patterns in more recent years, 1970-94, for whites and compared them with the 1950-69 patterns.
  
  
  METHODS
  We calculated age-adjusted rates and estimated rate ratios between comparison groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Rates generally were higher in shipyard counties than in all nonshipyard counties and in coastal nonshipyard counties for both sexes and time periods. Rates increased markedly from 1950-69 to 1970-94 in all groups, with the changes more pronounced in females than males. Pleural mesothelioma mortality rates were also significantly higher in shipyard counties than coastal nonshipyard counties in all regions among males but not among females.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The more pronounced changes in lung cancer mortality rates among females in shipyard counties may be attributed to the combined effects of low asbestos exposures and changes in smoking behavior. Am. J. Ind. Med. 37:512-521, 2000. Published 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, Maryland 20892-7244, USA.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jemal
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Grauman
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Devesa
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D001194:Asbestos / Q000009:adverse effects; D001267:Atlantic Ocean; D001984:Bronchial Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality*; D008297:Male; D008654:Mesothelioma / Q000401:mortality*; D009784:Occupational Diseases / Q000401:mortality*; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects; D010140:Pacific Ocean; D010997:Pleural Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality*; D012307:Risk Factors; D012423:Rural Health / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012737:Sex Factors; D012767:Ships; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology; D014134:Tracheal Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D014504:Urban Health / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D044465:White People
chemical_list: D001194:Asbestos