title: The use of rhBMP-2 in interbody fusion cages. Definitive evidence of osteoinduction in humans: a preliminary report.
abstract: METHODS
  A prospective randomized controlled human clinical pilot trial.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine the feasibility of using rhBMP-2/collagen as a substitute for autogenous bone graft inside interbody fusion cages to achieve arthrodesis in humans.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Preclinical studies have shown rhBMP-2 to be an effective substitute for autogenous bone graft, but there are no studies to date documenting such efficacy for human spine fusion.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fourteen patients with single-level lumbar degenerative disc disease refractory to nonoperative management were randomized to receive lumbar interbody arthrodesis with a tapered cylindrical threaded fusion cage filled with rhBMP-2/collagen sponge or autogenous iliac crest bone. Patients were evaluated with radiographs, sagittally reformatted computed tomography scans, and Short Form-36 and Oswestry outcome questionnaires.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All 11 patients who received rhBMP-2 were judged by three independent radiologists to have solid fusions (at 6, 12, and 24 months postimplantation), whereas only 2 of the 3 control patients, who received the standard treatment of autogenous iliac crest bone, were deemed to be fused. The Oswestry Disability Questionnaire scores of the rhBMP-2 group improved sooner (after 3 months) than those of the autograft group, with both groups demonstrating similar improvement at 6 months. Short Form 36 scores continued to improve up to 24 months.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The arthrodesis was found to occur more reliably in patients treated with rhBMP-2-filled fusion cages than in controls treated with autogenous bone graft, although the sample size was limited. There were no adverse events related to the rhBMP-2 treatment. This study is one of the first to show consistent and unequivocal osteoinduction by a recombinant growth factor in-humans.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA. SCOTT_BODEN@emory.org
authors.forename: S D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Boden
authors.forename: T A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Zdeblick
authors.forename: H S
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Sandhu
authors.forename: S E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Heim
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001174:Arthrodesis / Q000379:methods*; D055396:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2; D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016025:Bone Transplantation; D003094:Collagen / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008159:Lumbar Vertebrae; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000187:drug effects*; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013122:Spinal Diseases / Q000601:surgery*; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D014182:Transplantation, Autologous; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: C525718:BMP2 protein, human; D055396:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2; D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; C499469:recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2; D003094:Collagen