title: Effects of fluvastatin treatment on red blood cell Na+ transport systems in hypercholesterolemic subjects.
abstract: This study was performed to ascertain the effects of short-term cholesterol-lowering therapy with fluvastatin on red blood cells Na+ transport systems. Forty familial hypercholesterolemic subjects (FH; 19 men and 21 women) without hypertension or cardiovascular disease were given a placebo for 4 weeks, and then randomized in two groups. Twenty (fluvastatin group) were given fluvastatin (40 mg/day), and the other 20 (placebo group) continued placebo administration. After the placebo period and after 4 and 12 weeks of placebo or fluvastatin treatment, we measured Na+/K+ pump activity, Na+/K+ cotransport (Na+/K+ Ct), Na+/Li+ countertransport (Na+/Li+ Cnt), passive Na+ permeability (Na+PP), and internal Na+ content (Na+i). The same parameters were measured in 23 control subjects (C) with normal cholesterolemic values, who were matched for sex and age. FH had higher Na+/Li+ Cnt values than C (193.2 +/- 59.4 vs. 139.8 +/- 48.7 microM cells/h; p < 0.01), an increase in Na(+)PP (0.034 +/- 0.012/h vs. 0.018 +/- 0.004/h; p < 0.001), and higher Na(+)i (7.5 +/- 1.5 vs. 6.2 +/- 0.9 mM cells; p < 0.001). In hypercholesterolemic subjects, Na(+)i values were correlated with cholesterol (total and LDL) and apo B levels, whereas an inverse correlation was found for HDL-c and apo AI levels. Reduced total and LDL cholesterol and apo B levels after fluvastatin treatment caused a decrease in both Na(+)/Li(+) Cnt (from 186.1 +/- 60.5 to 125.1 +/- 34.0 microM cells/h; p < 0.001) and Na(+) PP (from 0.035 +/- 0.013/h to 0.02 +/- 0.016/h; p < 0.01), and an increase in Na+/K+ pump activity (from 1,549.0 +/- 507.7 to 1,894.2 +/- 536.2 microM cells/h; p < 0.04), with a significant reduction in the internal Na+ content (from 7.5 +/- 1.6 to 5.8 +/- 2.4 mM cells; p < 0.001). Our findings show that hypercholesterolemia affects red blood cell Na+ transport systems, with an increase in Na+/Li+Cnt, Na+PP, and the internal Na+ content. Cholesterol-lowering treatment with fluvastatin influences Na+ transport systems and reduces the internal Na+ content. This might also be responsible for the greater vascular reactivity observed in hypercholesterolemic patients, and its amelioration after a reduction in cholesterol levels.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Therapeutics, University of Messina, Italy. ASaitta@unime.it
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Saitta
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Castaldo
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sardo
authors.forename: M N
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Saitta
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cinquegrani
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bonaiuto
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: D'Arrigo
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zema
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Squadrito
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000924:Anticholesteremic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001692:Biological Transport / Q000187:drug effects; D005229:Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D000077340:Fluvastatin; D006801:Humans; D006938:Hyperlipoproteinemia Type II / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D007211:Indoles / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012964:Sodium / Q000378:metabolism; D000254:Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D000924:Anticholesteremic Agents; D005229:Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated; D007211:Indoles; D000077340:Fluvastatin; D012964:Sodium; D000254:Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase