title: Cross sectional study of a workforce exposed to hand-arm vibration: with objective tests and the Stockholm workshop scales.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Medical surveillance of workforces exposed to vibration has been recommended with the Stockholm workshop scales. The aims of this study were (a) to evaluate how the results of the objective tests individually and jointly associated with the final Stockholm workshop staging, (b) how this staging related to the history of exposure to vibration, and (c) how different trades were affected by the hazards from vibrating tools.
  
  
  METHODS
  All workers exposed to vibration in a heavy engineering company were examined with a questionnaire and a battery of tests. An assessment of staging by the Stockholm workshop scales was made. Estimates of the daily exposure and lifetime dosage of vibration of the various trades were reached.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The average years of tool use was 23.3 years (range 3-47 years) and the mean lifetime exposure was 11,022 (range 1012-46,125) hours. The individual neurological tests were all strongly associated with the Stockholm neurological staging but the cold provocation test was not associated with the Stockholm vascular staging. Neurological staging was significantly associated with age, years of tool use, and total hours of exposure to vibration, but not with trade or smoking. Vascular staging was significantly associated with age, years of tool use, total hours of exposure to vibration, and trade, but not with smoking. The mean neurological latent period was 19.7 (range 2-40) years and for the vascular component 19.1 (range 2-40) years. These means varied significantly by trade. The overall prevalence of neurological findings of 62% was greater than the overall prevalence of vascular findings, which was 33%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  (1) The neurological objective tests were found to be of use in neurological staging. The cold provocation test was not associated with the vascular staging and therefore was of little value. (2) Years of tool use was the exposure variable most significantly associated with evidence of damage to neurological component while years of tool use and trade were the variables most associated with vascular damage. (3) The prevalence of neurological symptoms (62%) was greater than the prevalence of vascular symptoms (33%). (4) Dressers and welders have shorter latent periods than platers and fitters.
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, University of Glasgow, UK.
authors.forename: K L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: McGeoch
authors.forename: W H
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Gilmour
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001132:Arm; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D006225:Hand; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects*; D015995:Prevalence; D014652:Vascular Diseases / Q000209:etiology; D014732:Vibration / Q000009:adverse effects*