title: Human adult tonsil xenotransplantation into SCID mice for studying human immune responses and B cell lymphomagenesis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To generate a human-mouse xenochimeric model where human cells remain clustered in the animal to optimize their interactions and recovery.
  
  
  METHODS
  Severe combined immune deficient mice (SCID) were xenografted subcutaneously with human adult tonsil pieces (hu-ton-SCID mice). Such animals were: (a) compared with those receiving tonsil cells in suspension, and (b) immunized with de novo and recall antigens.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Human tonsil pieces survived a long period of time in SCID mice, while polyclonal human T- and B-lymphocytes persisted in close vicinity within the implantation area; however, little or no graft-versus-host disease was detectable. Not surprisingly, local development of lymphoproliferative disease was often observed in animals receiving lymphoid implants from donors previously infected by the Epstein-Barr virus. One month after surgery, higher serum levels of human IgG were found in SCID mice transplanted with tonsil pieces (2x10(7) cells/animal) than in animals injected with 5x10(7) tonsil cells in suspension (1.9 vs. 0.3 mg/mL, p < 0.002). Importantly, the production of human IgG in hu-ton-SCID mice remained polyclonal for at least 6 months and was linked to the presence of cells within the implants. Immunization of hu-ton-SCID mice with hepatitis B core, a de novo antigen, did not produce a significant IgG immune response; however immunization with tetanus toxoid (TT), a thymus-dependent recall antigen, yielded high (> 700-fold increase in anti-TT IgG levels) and long-lasting (> 6 months) secondary immune responses.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The hu-ton-SCID mouse xenochimeric model described in this report may improve our understanding of human lymphoid cell interactions, secondary immune responses, and lymphomagenesis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier, Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland. michel.duchosal@chuv.hospvd.ch
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Duchosal
authors.forename: M T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Fuzzati-Armentero
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Baccala
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Layer
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gonzalez-Quintial
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Leturcq
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rüegg
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Trouillet
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mauray
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Tissot
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schapira
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D001402:B-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D006801:Humans; D007109:Immunity; D016393:Lymphoma, B-Cell / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D051379:Mice; D016513:Mice, SCID; D014066:Palatine Tonsil / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology* / Q000637:transplantation; D014183:Transplantation, Heterologous