title: Temporal brow lift using botulinum toxin A.
abstract: The objective of this study was to determine whether brow elevation occurs as a result of paralysis of brow depressors after botulinum toxin A injection. The study's design was a prospective case series with pretreatment and posttreatment outcome evaluation with statistical analysis at a university-based division of facial plastic surgery private clinic. Twenty-two patients of a consecutive sample desiring a cosmetic enhancement underwent injection of botulinum toxin A directed to brow depressors. Injections consisted of 7 to 10 units of botulinum toxin A (Botox, Allergan, Irvine, Calif.) into selected brow depressor muscle (lateral orbicularis oculi) bilaterally. No patients withdrew for adverse effects. All patients were evaluated 2 weeks after treatment. The outcomes were measured by change in brow elevation along vertical axis extending from both midpupil and lateral canthus to the caudal row of brow hairs with eyes at neutral gaze and the head at Frankfort plane. Preintervention and postintervention brow height was measured by the primary clinical investigator. The average brow elevation from the midpupil observed after selected injection of brow depressors with botulinum toxin A was 1.02 mm (p = 0.038). The average brow elevation from the lateral canthus observed after selected injection of brow depressors with botulinum toxin A was 4.83 mm (p<0.0001). Significant temporal brow elevation occurs as the result of paralysis of brow depressors by using botulinum toxin A injection. This procedure may be considered an alternative to surgical brow elevation.
authors.affiliation: Division of Facial Plastic Surgery at the University of California at San Francisco, USA.
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Ahn
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Catten
authors.forename: C S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Maas
mesh_terms: D019882:Blepharoplasty; D001905:Botulinum Toxins / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007267:Injections; D008297:Male; D009915:Orbit; D011446:Prospective Studies; D015361:Rhytidoplasty / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D001905:Botulinum Toxins