title: Cryopreservation of semen from pubertal boys with cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The possibility of cryopreservation of semen from adolescents has until now received only little attention. Therefore, we have investigated the possibility of cryopreservation of semen in adolescent boys with cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-five boys, aged 13-18 years, admitted because of cancer during the period January 1, 1995 to July 31, 1998 were eligible. Semen was obtained after masturbation in the majority of the cases. In three boys, semen was preserved after penile vibration or electroejaculation in general anaesthesia. The semen samples were analysed for concentration, motility, and morphology according to the WHO guidelines. The sample was transferred into straws prior to cryopreservation at 196 degrees C in liquid nitrogen.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-one boys delivered a semen sample for cryopreservation. Four boys were offered and accepted sperm banking but were not able to produce a sample. In 20 cases time did not allow an attempt of sperm banking, the boy was not assessed to be mature enough to deliver a semen sample, or the procedure was not accepted. The boys delivered 1-3 samples, and the total number of spermatozoa ranged from 0-210 millions. Median percentage of motile sperm was 50% (range 9-86%). Semen quality improved with age; however, a 13- year- old boy produced 75 million spermatozoa with 38% motile cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pubertal maturation should be assessed in all boys admitted for cancer, and the possibility of sperm banking should be discussed with the patient and his parents.
authors.affiliation: Clinic of Growth and Reproduction, Juliane Marie Centre, University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark. jmuller@rh.dk
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Müller
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sønksen
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sommer
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schmiegelow
authors.forename: P M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Petersen
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Heilman
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Schmiegelow
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects; D015925:Cryopreservation; D006801:Humans; D007248:Infertility, Male / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008297:Male; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000628:therapy; D011627:Puberty; D011832:Radiation Injuries / Q000150:complications; D012661:Semen
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents