title: Multimodality treatment for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma: a single institution retrospective series.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The main therapeutic options for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are hepatic resection, transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE), percutaneous ethanol injection therapy (PEIT) and regional chemotherapy (RC).
  
  
  METHODS
  This study retrospectively examined the results of primary treatment of 600 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma selected according to the treatment guidelines of our facility and the results of various combination therapies for recurrent cases. The selection criteria of therapeutic options included the number and size of tumours and hepatic function.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The selected primary treatment was hepatic resection for 53.7% of the cases, TAE for 31.5%, PEIT for 8.2% and RC for 6.6%,. The treatment for post-resection recurrence was TAE alone for 62.4% of the cases, TAE + RC for 4.0%, PEIT for 15.2%, TAE + PEIT alone for 4.8%, RC for 8.0% and hepatic resection for 5.6%. The treatment for post-TAE recurrence was TAE alone for 83% of the cases, TAE + PEIT for 9%, TAE + RC for 3%, RC alone for 3% and PEIT alone for 2%. For post-PEIT, therapy was PEIT alone for 71.4% of the cases and PEIT + TAE for 28.6%. For post-RC, RC alone was used for 92.5% and RC + PEIT for 7.5%. The cumulative 3 and 5-year survival rates were 84.4% and 70.6%, respectively for stage I; 61.5% and 48.6% for stage II; 52.7% and 20.5% for stage III; and 22.8% and 17.1% for stage IVA. The cumulative 5 and 7-year survival rates after the primary treatments were 52.% and 40.1%, respectively, for hepatic resection; 46.5% and 38.7%, for TAE; 49.6% and 33.1% for PEIT; and 16.7% and 8.3% for RC.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  To improve the treatment results for HCC, early detection is essential and various modalities of treatments in combination should be used for recurrence after primary treatment.
authors.affiliation: Third Department of Surgery, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Takano
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ohishi
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kono
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kubota
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Iwai
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy*; D017024:Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D004621:Embolization, Therapeutic / Q000379:methods; D000431:Ethanol / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005260:Female; D006498:Hepatectomy; D006801:Humans; D007279:Injections, Subcutaneous; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016019:Survival Analysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000431:Ethanol