title: Pacemaker implantation in Singapore in 1997.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Previous reports on pacemaker implantation in Singapore have been from a single institution and hence may not accurately reflect the practice in Singapore. As part of the World survey on pacemaker implantation, a survey of all pacemaker implantations in Singapore in 1997 was performed.
  
  
  METHODS
  Information was obtained from the pacemaker manufacturers and a survey form was sent to all doctors involved in pacemaker implantation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In 1997, 206 pacemakers were implanted or replaced in Singapore. This gives a pacemaker rate of 69 per million. For new implants only, there were 61 implants per million. More detailed information regarding the patient and implantation was obtained in 160 (78%) patients. The mean age of the patients was 68.5 +/- 14.4 years (range 2-97 years). There were 142 (89%) new implants and 18 (11%) replacements. 62.5% of the patients were females. Seventy-nine percent of the patients were older than 60 years old and 17.5% were older than 80 years. Seventy-five percent of the pacemakers were single chamber pacemakers. Twenty-five percent were dual chamber pacemakers. Only 1.4% of the pacemakers used epi-myocardial leads and all these were in children. Heart block was the most common indication for pacing and consisted of 52.8% of the patients while 43.0% of patients were implanted for the sick sinus syndrome.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pacemaker implantation in Singapore in 1997 was 69 per million. Heart block remains the most common indication for implant and single chamber pacing is still the most commonly used mode of pacing. The majority of the implants were in persons older than 60 years. With an increasing ageing population in Singapore, the implant rate for pacemakers will be expected to increase significantly.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, National Heart Centre, Singapore.
authors.forename: W S
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Teo
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Kam
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D019538:Health Care Surveys; D006327:Heart Block / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010138:Pacemaker, Artificial / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011157:Population Dynamics; D012804:Sick Sinus Syndrome / Q000628:therapy*; D012846:Singapore / Q000453:epidemiology