Retinoic acid stimulates HIV-1 transcription in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells.
Although the brain is an important target for the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV) and viral infection causes neuronal degeneration and dementia, the mechanisms responsible for HIV transcription in neuronal cells are largely unknown. We show here that retinoic acid (RA) stimulates HIV transcription in human neuronal SH-SY5Y cells. The steroid receptor coactivator 1 (SRC-1) enhances the transcriptional response to RA, and the viral protein Tat cooperates with RA and SRC-1 to induce a strong transactivation. These results suggest that retinoid receptors could play an important role as activators of viral gene expression in the human brain.
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Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas 'Alberto Sols', Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas and Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Arturo Duperier 4, 28029, Madrid, Spain.
Martínez de la Mata
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Martín-Nieto
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Aranda
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D000163:Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000821:virology; D001921:Brain / Q000821:virology; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D015967:Gene Expression Regulation, Viral / Q000187:drug effects; D015696:Gene Products, tat / Q000378:metabolism; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000235:genetics*; D051548:Histone Acetyltransferases; D006801:Humans; D056920:Nuclear Receptor Coactivator 1; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear / Q000378:metabolism; D018168:Receptors, Retinoic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D020079:Terminal Repeat Sequences; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism; D015533:Transcriptional Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D014212:Tretinoin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D054322:tat Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus
D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D015696:Gene Products, tat; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear; D018168:Receptors, Retinoic Acid; D014157:Transcription Factors; D054322:tat Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus; D014212:Tretinoin; D051548:Histone Acetyltransferases; C538859:NCOA1 protein, human; D056920:Nuclear Receptor Coactivator 1