title: Effect of phenolic structures on the degradability of cell walls isolated from newly extended apical internode of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.).
abstract: Apical internodes of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb. var. Clarine) harvested at flowering were sectioned into 5 or 10 equal parts to study in situ degradability and cell wall composition, respectively. The basal (youngest) section had the greatest primary wall content. Cell walls in the upper (older) sections had the highest xylose/arabinose ratio and lignin content and a lignin rich in syringyl units, all typical of extensive secondary wall development. Almost all of the p-coumaric (p-CA) and about half of the ferulic acid (FA) were released by 1 M NaOH and presumed to be ester-linked. The total FA content was approximately double that of p-CA in all sections other than the youngest with a distribution similar to that of total p-CA. However, the ratio of esterified to ether and ether plus ester linked (Et & Et+Es) FA differed with age. Whereas the esterified form remained essentially constant ( approximately 4.5 g/kg of cell wall), Et & Et+Es ferulate increased with increasing age of the tissue and was significantly related to lignin deposition (r = 0.79, P < 0.01). The extent of cell wall degradation after 48 h of incubation in the rumen was inversely related to maturity, falling from 835 g/kg of dry matter in the youngest section to 396 g/kg in the oldest. Both the rate and extent of cell wall degradation were significantly negatively related to the ratio of xylose to arabinose, lignin content, proportion of syringyl units present in lignin, and concentration of Et & Et+Es FA present. A positive relationship between Et & Et+Es FA was also found, with the rate (P < 0.01) being better correlated than the extent (P < 0.05) of cell wall degradation. Application of the newly extended internode model to fescue produced results consistent with the view that both the lignin content and the extent to which lignin was covalently bound to the other wall polymers crucially influenced the rate and extent of degradation.
authors.affiliation: Unité de Recherches sur les Herbivores, INRA de Clermont Ferrand-Theix, 63122 St Genès Champanelle, France.
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Vailhé
authors.forename: G J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Provan
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Scobbie
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chesson
authors.forename: M P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Maillot
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cornu
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Besle
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed; D000818:Animals; D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D002473:Cell Wall / Q000737:chemistry; D004063:Digestion; D062385:Hydroxybenzoates / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry*; D008031:Lignin / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D015394:Molecular Structure; D006109:Poaceae / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D011134:Polysaccharides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D012417:Rumen / Q000382:microbiology / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D062385:Hydroxybenzoates; D011134:Polysaccharides; D008031:Lignin; C017616:phenolic acid