title: Lumbar herniated disc presenting with cauda equina syndrome. Long-term follow-up of four cases.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cauda equina syndrome is a relatively rare presenting symptom of lumbar herniated discs. Early operative decompression is advocated, but it may not always restore the bladder function. In such cases, knowing the long-term outcome of bladder or sphincter disturbances is quite useful in planning the management of these patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Hospital records of patients operated on for lumbar herniated discs were reviewed. Charts and imaging studies of those patients who presented with classic cauda equina syndrome were analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were 4 patients (2.8%) of 144 consecutive surgical series of lumbar disc herniation, whose presenting symptom was classic cauda equina syndrome. Postoperatively, the patients had been followed at the clinic for a mean period of 6.4 years. Certain characteristic findings were noted on patients' neurological and radiological examinations. Although the recovery process of bladder function was very slow, taking months to years, all four patients achieved almost normal voiding with no major impairment of daily activities.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Even if short-term recovery of bladder function is poor after lumbar disc surgery for cauda equina syndrome, the long-term outcome is not necessarily so. We should follow up on these patients with such measures as intermittent self-catheterization and drug therapy, expecting slow but steady recovery of bladder and sphincter function.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurological Surgery, Aichi Medical University, Aichi-gun, Japan.
authors.forename: H S
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nakagawa
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mizuno
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D019299:Decompression, Surgical / Q000379:methods; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007405:Intervertebral Disc Displacement / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D008159:Lumbar Vertebrae; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019635:Neurosurgical Procedures / Q000379:methods; D011128:Polyradiculopathy / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D011379:Prognosis; D013997:Time Factors; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D014555:Urination Disorders / Q000209:etiology