title: Biological activity of CD-ring modified 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D analogues: C-ring and five-membered D-ring analogues.
abstract: Nonsteroidal analogues of 1alpha,25(OH)2D3, lacking either the full five-membered D ring (C-ring analogues) or the full six-membered C ring (D-ring analogues) are more potent inhibitors of cell proliferation or inducers of cell differentiation than is 1alpha,25(OH)2D3. Maximal superagonistic activity was seen for the C-ring analogue with a 24(R)-hydroxyl group in the side chain [30- to 60-fold the activity of 1alpha,25(OH)2D3]. The 19-nor-16-ene-26,27-bishomo C-ring analogue showed the best ratio of antiproliferative to calcemic effects (1275-fold better than 1alpha,25(OH)2D3 and severalfold better than all vitamin D analogues so far described). The analogues are able to stimulate specific vitamin D-dependent genes and are active in transfection assays using an osteocalcin promoter VDRE. Low binding affinity to the vitamin D binding protein, differences in metabolism, or affinity for the vitamin D receptor (VDR) are not the most important explanations for the enhanced intrinsic activity. However, the analogues are able to induce conformational changes in the VDR, which makes the VDR-ligand complex more resistant against protease digestion than is 1alpha,25(OH)2D3. In contrast to 20-epimer steroidal vitamin D analogues, 20-epimer C-ring analogues were less potent than analogues with a natural C-20 configuration. In conclusion, several nonsteroidal vitamin D analogues are superagonists of 1alpha,25(OH)2D3 despite lower receptor affinity and, for the C-ring analogues, higher flexibility of the side chain; moreover, they have a better selectivity profile than all analogues yet published.
authors.affiliation: Laboratorium voor Experimentele Geneeskunde en Endocrinologie, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Verstuyf
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Verlinden
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: van Etten
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: D'Halleweyn
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Van Haver
authors.forename: G D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Y J
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Haussler
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: De Clercq
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vandewalle
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Van Baelen
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mathieu
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bouillon
mesh_terms: D002117:Calcitriol / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D018922:HL-60 Cells; D006801:Humans; D018167:Receptors, Calcitriol / Q000819:agonists / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects*; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship
chemical_list: D018167:Receptors, Calcitriol; D002117:Calcitriol