title: The clinical use of brainstem reflexes and hand-muscle reflexes.
abstract: Brainstem reflexes and hand-muscle reflexes can be elicited and recorded with routine EMG equipment. Not all these reflexes are useful in clinical neurology. But those that are - the subject of this review - exhibit distinct patterns of abnormality that have clinical diagnostic and localizing value in various diseases, including cranial neuropathies, focal lesions within the cervical cord, brainstem, and brain, movement disorders, and pain.
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento Scienze Neurologiche, Università di Roma 'La Sapienza', Viale Università 30, 00185, Rome, Italy. cruccu@uniroma1.it
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cruccu
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Deuschl
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001933:Brain Stem / Q000502:physiology*; D002493:Central Nervous System Diseases / Q000503:physiopathology; D006225:Hand / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009132:Muscles / Q000502:physiology*; D011930:Reaction Time / Q000502:physiology; D012018:Reflex / Q000502:physiology*