title: Factors associated with microalbuminuria in type 1 diabetes mellitus: a cross-sectional study.
abstract: In order to determine the prevalence of microalbuminuria in people with Type 1 diabetes mellitus (Type 1 DM) and identify factors associated with microalbuminuria, we studied 312 Type 1 DM patients attending in three hospitals in two Spanish regions over 6 months. Clinical characteristics, micro- and macro-vascular complications, blood pressure, 24-h urine albumin excretion, lipid profile, HbA1(c) levels, smoking habits, and family history of hypertension and diabetic nephropathy were recorded. Univariate analysis and multiple logistic regression were used to examine associations between these variables and the prevalence of microalbuminuria. We detected microalbuminuria in 29% of the patients. The prevalence of microalbuminuria was high during the second decade of diabetes and declined thereafter. Univariate analysis showed dyslipidaemia (P<0. 002), previously diagnosed hypertension (P<0.001), family history of hypertension (sibling alone P<0.006; mother alone P<0.05), family history of diabetic nephropathy (P<0.001), and laser-treated retinopathy (P<0.03) to be factors associated with the presence of microalbuminuria. Multiple logistic regression revealed an association between microalbuminuria and family history of nephropathy (OR 7.6, 3.6-16). In conclusion, in our sample the frequency of microalbuminuria seems to be related to the presence of dyslipidaemia, hypertension, and to a family history of hypertension or nephropathy.
authors.affiliation: Endocrinology Service, Department of Medicine, Hospital Clínico, Avenida Dr. Oloriz 16, Granada, Spain. pemera@biogate.com
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Campos-Pastor
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Escobar-Jiménez
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mezquita
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Herrera-Pombo
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Hawkins-Carranza
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Luna
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Azriel
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Serraclara
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rigopoulos
mesh_terms: D000419:Albuminuria / Q000453:epidemiology*; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001794:Blood Pressure; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000652:urine*; D003925:Diabetic Angiopathies / Q000453:epidemiology; D003930:Diabetic Retinopathy / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D015995:Prevalence; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012907:Smoking; D013030:Spain / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D008055:Lipids