title: Two-dimensional analysis of vocal fold vibration in unilaterally atrophied larynges.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Considerable inconsistencies regarding the vibratory pattern of the vocal fold among patients with unilateral vocal fold paralysis (UVFP) have been reported. These differences are derived from differences in the position, stiffness, and atrophy of the paralyzed vocal fold and other factors among patients. The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of unilateral atrophy of the vocal fold on vocal fold vibration.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seven excised canine larynges were studied. The unilateral recurrent laryngeal nerve was severed to cause vocal fold atrophy in four of the seven. The lateral and vertical displacements were monitored simultaneously with photoglottography and a laser Doppler vibrometer, respectively. Videostroboscopy of each larynx was also performed before and after the experiment to translate photoglottographic output into absolute lengths. Atrophy of the unilateral vocal fold was confirmed histologically.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The lateral amplitude was significantly greater than the vertical amplitude in all larynges. The Lissajous trajectories in the normal larynges were shaped like a reverse crescent. Vibration in the unilaterally atrophied larynges was periodical and symmetrical in phase when the thyroid ala on the atrophied side was pressed medially. The lateral and vertical amplitudes on the atrophied side were significantly greater than those on the normal side. The Lissajous trajectories differed from those of the normal larynges.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In the absence of a prephonatory glottal gap, periodical vibration occurs in unilaterally atrophied larynges and the amplitude of vibrations of the atrophied vocal fold is greater in the lateral and vertical directions than that of the normal fold. This implies that phonosurgical procedures aiming at closure of the prephonatory glottal gap may have a beneficial effect on hoarseness in UVFP patients, although displacements of the vocal folds during vibration are not symmetrical.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, School of Medicine, Ehime University, Onsen-gun, Japan.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Yumoto
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hyodo
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Gyo
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001284:Atrophy; D004285:Dogs; D004301:Doppler Effect; D005931:Glottis / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D007830:Larynx / Q000473:pathology*; D007834:Lasers; D008027:Light; D010699:Phonation / Q000502:physiology; D061226:Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve Injuries; D013957:Thyroid Cartilage / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D014732:Vibration; D014743:Videotape Recording; D014826:Vocal Cord Paralysis / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D014827:Vocal Cords / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*