title: Changing prevalence of oral manifestations of human immuno-deficiency virus in the era of protease inhibitor therapy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to determine temporal trends in the prevalence of oral manifestations of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).
  
  
  METHODS
  Five hundred seventy HIV-infected adults recruited consecutively were examined by using established presumptive clinical criteria for HIV-associated oral lesions. Prevalence of oral lesions before the widespread use of HIV protease inhibitors (February 1995 through August 1996, 8% of the early sample, n = 271) was compared with lesion prevalence in a more recent period of greater protease inhibitor use (December 1996 through February 1999, 42% of the late sample, n = 299).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall prevalence of oral lesions significantly decreased from early to late periods, 47.6% to 37.5%, respectively (P =.01), with some variation by lesion type. Prevalence of hairy leukoplakia (25. 8% to 11.4%; P <.01) and necrotizing periodontal diseases (4.8% to 1. 7%; P =.03) decreased, whereas HIV salivary gland disease increased (1.8% to 5.0%; P =.04). Changes in prevalence of oral candidiasis (20.3% to 16.7%), aphthous ulcers (3.7% to 3.0%), oral warts (2.2% to 4.0%), herpes simplex virus lesions (1.8% to 2.0%), and Kaposi's sarcoma (1.1% to 0.3%) were not statistically significant (P >.20 for all comparisons).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The pattern of oral opportunistic infections is changing in the era of protease inhibitor use.
authors.affiliation: University of North Carolina, Department of Dental Ecology, USA. Lauren_Patton@Dentistry.UNC.EDU
authors.forename: L L
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Patton
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: McKaig
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Strauss
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Rogers
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Eron
mesh_terms: D017088:AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections / Q000453:epidemiology*; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002180:Candidiasis, Oral / Q000453:epidemiology; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy; D017320:HIV Protease Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D017733:Leukoplakia, Hairy / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009059:Mouth Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology*; D009062:Mouth Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology; D009336:Necrosis; D009657:North Carolina / Q000453:epidemiology; D010510:Periodontal Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology; D015995:Prevalence; D012466:Salivary Gland Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology; D012514:Sarcoma, Kaposi / Q000453:epidemiology; D013281:Stomatitis, Aphthous / Q000453:epidemiology; D013283:Stomatitis, Herpetic / Q000453:epidemiology; D013997:Time Factors; D014860:Warts / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D017320:HIV Protease Inhibitors