title: Venlafaxine treatment of cocaine abusers with depressive disorders.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  There appears to be a link between depression and cocaine that is both complex and elusive. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of venlafaxine, a broad spectrum antidepressant, in the treatment of 13 patients who were diagnosed with cocaine dependence and comorbid major depressive disorder (MDD).
  
  
  METHODS
  The majority of the patients in the study were part of a larger double-blind trial using desipramine. This subgroup consisted of people who had failed to respond to desipramine or could not tolerate its side effects. Thirteen patients were enrolled, 10 men and 3 women. Of the patients, 11 completed the 12-week study. All of the patients had a Hamilton Depression (HAM-D) score greater than 14 at baseline, and each had used at least $20 worth of cocaine per week in the 4 weeks prior to entering the study. In addition, all of the patients received weekly relapse prevention therapy throughout the study. The median dose of venlafaxine was 150 mg/day.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The 11 patients who completed the study had significant reductions in mood symptoms by the end of the study. The average total HAM-D score at baseline was 18.0 +/- 3.2; at Week 2, it was 1.9 +/- 0.94; and at the end of the study, it was 1.4 +/- 1.8. The majority of patients reported reductions of cocaine use short of abstinence. All subjects reported a greater than 75% reduction in cocaine use compared to baseline. There were no serious side effects.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of this small study indicate that venlafaxine may be a safe, well-tolerated, rapidly acting, and effective treatment for patients with a dual diagnosis of depression and cocaine dependence.
authors.affiliation: New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, USA.
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: McDowell
authors.forename: F R
authors.initials: FR
authors.lastname: Levin
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Seracini
authors.forename: E V
authors.initials: EV
authors.lastname: Nunes
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D018687:Antidepressive Agents, Second-Generation / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D019970:Cocaine-Related Disorders / Q000523:psychology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D015897:Comorbidity; D003511:Cyclohexanols / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000523:psychology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D003891:Desipramine / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017831:Diagnosis, Dual (Psychiatry); D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010865:Pilot Projects; D017211:Treatment Failure; D000069470:Venlafaxine Hydrochloride
chemical_list: D018687:Antidepressive Agents, Second-Generation; D003511:Cyclohexanols; D000069470:Venlafaxine Hydrochloride; D003891:Desipramine