title: Enalapril and captopril enhance glutathione-dependent antioxidant defenses in mouse tissues.
abstract: The effect of enalapril and captopril on total glutathione content (GSSG + GSH) and selenium-dependent glutathione peroxidase (Se-GPx) and glutathione reductase (GSSG-Rd) activities was investigated in mouse tissues. CF-1 mice (4-mo-old females) received water containing enalapril (20 mg/l) or captopril (50 mg/l) for 11 wk. Enalapril increased GSSG + GSH content (P < 0.05) in erythrocytes (147%), brain (112%), and lung (67%), and captopril increased GSSG + GSH content in erythrocytes (190%) and brain (132%). Enalapril enhanced Se-GPx activity in kidney cortex (42%) and kidney medulla (23%) and captopril in kidney cortex (30%). GSSG-Rd activity was enhanced by enalapril in erythrocytes (21%), brain (21%), liver (18%), and kidney cortex (53%) and by captopril in erythrocytes (25%), brain (19%), and liver (34%). In vitro erythrocyte oxidant stress was evaluated by thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) production (control 365 +/- 11, enalapril 221 +/- 26, captopril 206 +/- 17 nmol TBARS x g Hb(-1) x h(-1); both P < 0.05 vs. control) and phenylhydrazine-induced methemoglobin (MetHb) formation (control 66.5 +/- 3.5, enalapril 52.9 +/- 0.4, captopril: 56.4 +/- 2.9 micromol MetHb/g Hb; both P < 0.05 vs. control). Both angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor treatments were associated with increased nitric oxide production, as assessed by plasma NO-(3) + NO-(2) level determination (control 9.22 +/- 0.64, enalapril 13.7 +/- 1.9, captopril 17.3 +/- 3.0 micromol NO-(3) + NO-(2)/l plasma; both P < 0.05 vs. control). These findings support our previous reports on the enalapril- and captopril-induced enhancement of endogenous antioxidant defenses and include new data on glutathione-dependent defenses, thus furthering current knowledge on the association of ACE inhibition and antioxidants.
authors.affiliation: Physical Chemistry-Programa de Radicales Libres, School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Buenos Aires, 1113 Buenos Aires, Argentina.
authors.forename: E M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: de Cavanagh
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Inserra
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ferder
authors.forename: C G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Fraga
mesh_terms: D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism; D002216:Captopril / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004656:Enalapril / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism*; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism*; D005980:Glutathione Reductase / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D018384:Oxidative Stress
chemical_list: D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; D000975:Antioxidants; D004656:Enalapril; D002216:Captopril; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase; D005980:Glutathione Reductase; D005978:Glutathione