title: L-Vinylglycine is an alternative substrate as well as a mechanism-based inhibitor of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase.
abstract: L-Vinylglycine (L-VG) has been shown to be a mechanism-based inhibitor of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) synthase [Satoh, S., and Yang, S. F. (1989) Plant Physiol. 91, 1036-1039] as well as of other pyridoxal phosphate-dependent enzymes. This report demonstrates that L-VG is primarily an alternative substrate for the enzyme. The L-VG deaminase activity of ACC synthase yields the products alpha-ketobutyrate and ammonia with a k(cat) value of 1.8 s(-1) and a K(m) value of 1.4 mM. The k(cat)/K(m) of 1300 M(-1) s(-1) is 0.17% that of the diffusion-controlled reaction with the preferred substrate, S-adenosyl-L-methionine. The enzyme-L-VG complex partitions to products 500 times for every inactivation event. The catalytic mechanism proceeds through a spectrophotometrically detected quinonoid with lambda(max) of 530 nm, which must rearrange to a 2-aminocrotonate aldimine to yield final products. Alternative mechanisms for the inactivation reaction are presented, and the observed kinetics for the full reaction course are satisfactorily modeled by kinetic simulation. The inactive enzyme is an aldimine with lambda(max) of 432 nm. It is resistant to NaBH(3)CN but is reduced by NaBH(4). ACC synthase is now expressed in Pichia pastoris with an improved yield of 10 mg/L.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Division of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 229 Stanley Hall, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-3206, USA.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Kirsch
mesh_terms: D000641:Ammonia / Q000378:metabolism; D002087:Butyrates / Q000378:metabolism; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism*; D005822:Genetic Vectors / Q000138:chemical synthesis; D005998:Glycine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D007097:Imines / Q000737:chemistry; D007700:Kinetics; D008190:Lyases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics; D010843:Pichia / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis; D012436:S-Adenosylmethionine / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D012545:Schiff Bases / Q000737:chemistry; D013053:Spectrophotometry; D013379:Substrate Specificity
chemical_list: D002087:Butyrates; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D007097:Imines; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D012545:Schiff Bases; C006507:vinylglycine; C005087:alpha-ketobutyric acid; D000641:Ammonia; D012436:S-Adenosylmethionine; D008190:Lyases; C021773:1-aminocyclopropanecarboxylate synthase; D005998:Glycine