title: TP53 mutations and mdm2 protein overexpression in cholangiocarcinomas.
abstract: Tumor suppressor protein p53 is a positive regulator of MDM2 gene expression and the mdm2 protein can bind to p53, preventing the transactivation of p53 responsive genes, thus mimicking TP53 mutation. The authors looked for alterations that could affect, directly and indirectly, p53 function in 13 patients with extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. Molecular analysis by single strand conformation polymorphism and DNA sequencing revealed that TP53 gene mutations occurred in only 2 of 13 cholangiocarcinomas. High levels of mdm2 protein were found, by immunohistochemical staining, in 61% of the cholangiocarcinomas and in almost all specimens (70%) displaying stabilized p53 protein in the absence and in the presence of TP53 mutations. The finding of co-overexpressed mdm2 and p53 proteins in cholangiocarcinomas indicates that they can upregulate the expression of mdm2 protein to a level sufficient for binding and accumulating p53 in a presumably inactive complexed form. The presence of TP53 mutations or upregulation of MDM2 gene expression in 9 of the 13 cholangiocarcinomas strongly supports that the impairment of the p53 pathway is an important and specific step in cholangiocarcinoma pathogenesis. At variance with other authors, no alteration of p16ink4/CDKN2 gene was observed in all 13 cholangiocarcinomas.
authors.affiliation: Division of Experimental Oncology A, Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Della Torre
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pasquini
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pilotti
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Alasio
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Civelli
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cozzi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Milella
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Salvetti
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Pierotti
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Severini
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001483:Base Sequence; D001650:Bile Duct Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D001653:Bile Ducts, Intrahepatic; D018281:Cholangiocarcinoma / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D019941:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16 / Q000235:genetics; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm / Q000032:analysis; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009154:Mutation; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D018807:Polymorphism, Single-Stranded Conformational; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D051736:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-mdm2; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D019941:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53; C497206:MDM2 protein, human; D051736:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-mdm2