title: Determination of chloral hydrate metabolites in human plasma by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.
abstract: Chloral hydrate (CH) is a widely used sedative. Its pharmacological and toxicological effects are directly related to its metabolism. Prior investigations of CH metabolism have been limited by the lack of analytical techniques sufficiently sensitive to identify and quantify metabolites of CH in biological fluids. In this study a gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC/MS) method was developed and validated for determining CH and its metabolites, monochloroacetate (MCA), dichloroacetate (DCA), trichloroacetate (TCA) and total trichloroethanol (free and glucuronidated form, TCE and TCE-Glu) in human plasma. Of these, DCA and MCA are newly identified metabolites in humans. The drug, its plasma metabolites and an internal standard, 4-chlorobutyric acid (CBA), were derivatized to their methyl esters by reacting with 12% boron trifluoride-methanol complex (12% BF3-MeOH). The reaction mixture was extracted with methylene chloride and analyzed by GC/MS, using a selected ion monitoring (SIM) mode. The quantitation limits of MCA, DCA, TCA, and TCE were between 0.12 and 7.83 microM. The coefficients of variation were between 0.58 and 14.58% and the bias values ranged between -10.03 and 14.37%. The coefficients of linear regression were between 0.9970 and 0.9996.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville 32610, USA.
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.forename: G N
authors.initials: GN
authors.lastname: Henderson
authors.forename: M O
authors.initials: MO
authors.lastname: James
authors.forename: P W
authors.initials: PW
authors.lastname: Stacpoole
mesh_terms: D000080:Acetals / Q000032:analysis; D000085:Acetates / Q000097:blood; D000140:Acidosis, Lactic / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy; D000284:Administration, Oral; D002648:Child; D002697:Chloral Hydrate / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood*; D003999:Dichloroacetic Acid / Q000097:blood; D005023:Ethylene Chlorohydrin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000097:blood; D005069:Evaluation Studies as Topic; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods; D005965:Glucuronates / Q000032:analysis; D020719:Glucuronides / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D006877:Hydroxamic Acids / Q000097:blood*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014238:Trichloroacetic Acid / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D000080:Acetals; D000085:Acetates; D005965:Glucuronates; D020719:Glucuronides; D006877:Hydroxamic Acids; C405207:PGE 1132881; C405203:trichloroacetaldehyde dimethyl acetal; C405204:trichloroethanol glucuronide; D002697:Chloral Hydrate; C006972:chloroacetic acid; D014238:Trichloroacetic Acid; D005023:Ethylene Chlorohydrin; D003999:Dichloroacetic Acid; C005849:2,2,2-trichloroethanol