title: Intra-medial prefrontal cortex injections of scopolamine increase instrumental responses for cocaine: an intravenous self-administration study in rats.
abstract: The present experiments examined the effects of muscarinic cholinergic receptor blockade in the nucleus accumbens (NAC) and medial prefrontal cortex (MPC) on intravenous cocaine self-administration. Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were implanted with chronic indwelling jugular catheters and guide cannulae stereotaxically aimed at the NAC or MPC. The rats were then given the opportunity to intravenously self-administer cocaine (0.8 mg/kg/infusion) during daily 2-h sessions. Intra-NAC microinjections of methyl-scopolamine (2, 4, 8, 16, and 32 microg/side) or vehicle did not affect either the number of lever presses made or infusions delivered. On the other hand, intra-MPC injections of scopolamine significantly increased responding, although there was only a trend for an increase in the number of cocaine infusions. The effects of intra-MPC injections of scopolamine (8 and 16 microg/side) on locomotor activity were also evaluated. Intra-MPC injections of scopolamine (16 microg/side) produced significant increases in locomotor activity. However, these same microinjections decreased locomotor activity when the animals also received cocaine (15 mg/kg, i.p.). These results suggest that cholinergic neurotransmission at muscarinic receptors in the MPC is involved in regulating cocaine-maintained responding.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Louisiana State University Medical Center, Shreveport 71130, USA.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ikemoto
authors.forename: N E
authors.initials: NE
authors.lastname: Goeders
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003042:Cocaine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019970:Cocaine-Related Disorders / Q000503:physiopathology; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D008297:Male; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000187:drug effects; D018727:Muscarinic Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009714:Nucleus Accumbens / Q000187:drug effects; D017397:Prefrontal Cortex / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D011976:Receptors, Muscarinic / Q000187:drug effects; D012601:Scopolamine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012646:Self Administration
chemical_list: D018727:Muscarinic Antagonists; D011976:Receptors, Muscarinic; D012601:Scopolamine; D003042:Cocaine