title: Functional responses of T cells blocked by anti-CD25 antibody therapy during cardiac rejection.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Despite anti-CD25 (interleukin [IL]-2 receptor alpha chain) monoclonal antibody (mAb) therapy, rejection can still occur. T-cell activation through the IL-2 receptor beta and gamma chains by IL-2 or other growth factors may contribute to this rejection. Recently, we have demonstrated that the T-cell growth factor IL-15 was abundantly present in rejecting cardiac grafts during anti-CD25 mAb treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  To test whether IL-2- and IL-15-responsive T cells play an active role in rejection during anti-CD25 mAb therapy, we measured the frequency of IL-2- and IL-15-proliferative T cells in peripheral blood from treated patients during rejection (n=12). Measurements were made by limiting dilution analysis in the absence and presence of extra in vitro-added mouse anti-human CD25 mAb.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the absence of anti-CD25 mAb, the frequencies of peripheral T cells responding to recombinant human (rh)IL-2 and rhIL-15 from patients were lower than those measured in samples of healthy controls (n=7): median of IL-2-responding T cells 78 per 10(6) (range 31-210 per 10(6)) vs. 154 per 10(6) (122-484 per 10(6), P=0.008) and median of IL-15-responding T cells 62 per 10(6) (range 19-207 per 10(6)) vs. 129 per 10(6) (range 79-192 per 10(6), P=0.02), respectively. In the presence of extra in vitro-added anti-CD25 mAb, frequencies of IL-2-responding T cells from patients significantly decreased, although a considerable number of T cells still proliferated on rhIL-2 (median 85%, range 46-100%). In contrast, the frequencies of IL-15 T cells still responding remained stable (median 2%, range 0-50%, P<0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Treatment with anti-CD25 mAbs cannot provide complete suppression of T-cell function because significant numbers of IL-2- and IL-15-responsive T cells remain present in the peripheral blood of allograft recipients during anti-CD25 mAb treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Rotterdam-Dijkzigt, The Netherlands. baan@inw1.azr.nl
authors.forename: C C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Baan
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: van Gelder
authors.forename: A H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Balk
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Knoop
authors.forename: C T
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Holweg
authors.forename: L P
authors.initials: LP
authors.lastname: Maat
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Weimar
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000276:immunology / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006084:Graft Rejection / Q000276:immunology* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D016027:Heart Transplantation; D006801:Humans; D019409:Interleukin-15 / Q000276:immunology; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000276:immunology; D051379:Mice; D015375:Receptors, Interleukin-2 / Q000276:immunology*; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D014181:Transplantation Immunology
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D019409:Interleukin-15; D007376:Interleukin-2; D015375:Receptors, Interleukin-2