title: Alternating drug pairs with or without periodic reinduction in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia in second bone marrow remission: a Pediatric Oncology Group Study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) who experience hematologic recurrence while receiving chemotherapy or within 6 months after its cessation have a low cure rate. In this study (Pediatric Oncology Group Protocol 8303) two methods were examined for improving the outcome in these children.
  
  
  METHODS
  After remission induction with prednisone, vincristine, daunorubicin, and asparaginase (PVDA) and consolidation chemotherapy with teniposide and cytarabine, patients received weekly continuation chemotherapy with rotating pairs of drugs, comprised of teniposide and cytarabine and vincristine and cyclophosphamide. In addition, they were randomized to receive or not receive repeated reinduction with PVDA. Patients with matched sibling donors were allowed to receive allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) instead of continued chemotherapy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 297 evaluable patients 258 (87%) achieved second complete hematologic remission. However, only 23 of these patients remained continuously free of leukemia > or =7 years after chemotherapy or BMT. Neither PVDA pulses nor BMT appeared to influence outcome at a statistically significant level.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of the current study confirm prior reports of the low cure rate of children with ALL who experience hematologic recurrence during initial therapy or shortly after its cessation. New approaches are needed to prevent and retreat hematologic recurrence in pediatric ALL patients.
authors.affiliation: University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX, USA.
authors.forename: G R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Buchanan
authors.forename: G K
authors.initials: GK
authors.lastname: Rivera
authors.forename: B H
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Pollock
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Boyett
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Chauvenet
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wagner
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Maybee
authors.forename: W M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Crist
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Pinkel
mesh_terms: D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001215:Asparaginase / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D016026:Bone Marrow Transplantation; D002648:Child; D003520:Cyclophosphamide / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D003561:Cytarabine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D003630:Daunorubicin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans; D054198:Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000628:therapy; D011241:Prednisone / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D012008:Recurrence; D012074:Remission Induction; D013713:Teniposide / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D014750:Vincristine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects
chemical_list: D003561:Cytarabine; D014750:Vincristine; D003520:Cyclophosphamide; D013713:Teniposide; D001215:Asparaginase; D011241:Prednisone; D003630:Daunorubicin