Functional heterogeneity among bone marrow-derived dendritic cells conditioned by T(h)1- and T(h)2-biasing cytokines for the generation of allogeneic cytotoxic T lymphocytes.
Three distinct bone marrow (BM)-derived dendritic cells (BMDC) were expanded from BALB/c BM cells by culture with (i) granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) plus IL-3, (ii) GM-CSF, IL-3 plus T(h)1-biasing cytokines (IL-12 and IFN-gamma) or (iii) GM-CSF, IL-3 plus T(h)2-biasing cytokines (IL-4). All of these cells expressed the DC-specific marker CD11c, and were designated as BMDC0, BMDC1 and BMDC2 cells respectively. BMDC1 cells exhibited superior T cell-stimulating activity in allogeneic mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC), while BMDC2 showed inferior stimulating activity. Specifically, BMDC1, as compared with BMDC2, induced a higher frequency of IFN-gamma-producing CD8(+) T cells in MLC. Moreover, BMDC1, but not BMDC2, were strong inducers of H-2(d)-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) in MLC. BMDC0 always showed intermediate stimulatory activity; however, when BMDC0 were cultured with IFN-gamma, they differentiated into BMDC1-like stimulator cells concomitant with the up-regulation of both MHC antigens and co-stimulatory molecules. In contrast, BMDC2 were refractory to differentiation into superior stimulator cells by treatment with IFN-gamma, although this treatment enhanced MHC expression. These findings indicate that T(h)1- and T(h)2-biasing cytokines, in addition to their effect on T(h) cell differentiation, may play a critical role in the functional skewing of DC. These findings have important implications for the development of DC-based immunotherapies.
Sato
M
M
Section of Genetic Engineering, Research Center for Genetic Engineering and Cell Transplantation, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara 259-1193, Kanagawa, Japan.
Iwakabe
K
K
Ohta
A
A
Sekimoto
M
M
Nakui
M
M
Koda
T
T
Kimura
S
S
Nishimura
T
T
D000818:Animals; D001854:Bone Marrow Cells / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology; D016207:Cytokines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology; D005260:Female; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000494:pharmacology; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000494:pharmacology; D018664:Interleukin-12 / Q000494:pharmacology; D007377:Interleukin-3 / Q000494:pharmacology; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000494:pharmacology; D007959:Lymphocyte Culture Test, Mixed; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D013602:T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic / Q000166:cytology* / Q000276:immunology; D018417:Th1 Cells / Q000378:metabolism*; D018418:Th2 Cells / Q000378:metabolism*
D016207:Cytokines; D007377:Interleukin-3; D018664:Interleukin-12; D015847:Interleukin-4; D007371:Interferon-gamma; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor