title: High-dose-rate afterloading brachytherapy in carcinoma of the cervix: an experience of 1992 patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To report the results of radiation therapy in carcinoma of the cervix treated by external irradiation and high-dose-rate (HDR) intracavitary brachytherapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  This is a retrospective analysis of 2,063 patients with histologically proven carcinoma of the cervix treated by external irradiation and HDR intracavitary brachytherapy between March 1985-December 1991. The Kaplan-Meier method was used for survival and disease-free survival analysis. Late complications in the bowel and bladder were calculated actuarially.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were 71 patients who did not complete the course of irradiation so only 1992 patients were retrospectively analyzed for survival. There were 2 patients (0.1%) in Stage IA, 211 (10.2%) Stage IB, 225 (10.9%) in Stage IIA, 902 (43. 7%) in Stage IIB, 14 (0.7%) in Stage IIIA, 675 (32.7%) in Stage IIIB, 16 (0.8%) in Stage IVA, and 16 (0.8%) in Stage IVB. The median follow-up time was 96 months. The actuarial 5-year disease-free survival rate was 79.5%, 70.0%, 59.4%, 46.1%, 32.3%, 7.8%, and 23.1% for Stage IB, IIA, IIB, IIIA, IIIB, IVA, and IVB respectively. The actuarial 5-year disease-free survival rate for Stage IB(1) and IB(2) squamous cell carcinoma was 88.7% and 67.0%. The actuarial 5-year overall survival rate was 86.3%, 81.1%, 73.0%, 50.3%, 47.8%, 7.8%, and 30.8% for Stage IB, IIA, IIB, IIIA, IIIB, IVA, and IVB respectively. Pattern of failure revealed 20.8% local recurrence, 18. 7% distant metastases, and 4% in both. The late complication rate Grade 3 and 4 (RTOG) for bowel and bladder combined was 7.0% with 1. 9% Grade 4.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  HDR brachytherapy used in this series produced pelvic control and survival rates comparable to other LDR series.
authors.affiliation: Division of Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiangmai University, Chiangmai, Thailand.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Lorvidhaya
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tonusin
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Changwiwit
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Chitapanarux
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Srisomboon
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wanwilairat
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Chawapun
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Sukthomya
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy; D000328:Adult; D001918:Brachytherapy / Q000379:methods*; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007410:Intestinal Diseases / Q000209:etiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011879:Radiotherapy Dosage; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015996:Survival Rate; D001745:Urinary Bladder Diseases / Q000209:etiology; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy*