title: Correlation between plasma total homocysteine and copper in patients with peripheral vascular disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Increased concentrations of both plasma total homocysteine and copper are separately associated with cardiovascular disease. Correlations between plasma total homocysteine, trace elements, and vitamins in patients with peripheral vascular disease have not been investigated.
  
  
  METHODS
  The concentrations of trace elements in plasma were determined by the multielement analytical technique of total-reflection x-ray fluorescence spectrometry. Plasma total homocysteine was determined by HPLC.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the univariate and multivariate regression analyses, copper was positively correlated with plasma total homocysteine in all subjects (coefficient +/- SE, 0.347 +/- 0.113; P = 0.0026 and coefficient +/- SE, 0.422 +/- 0.108; P = 0.0002, respectively), and in patients with peripheral vascular disease (coefficient +/- SE, 0.370 +/- 0.150; P = 0.016; and coefficient +/- SE, 0.490 +/- 0.151; P = 0.0025, respectively). Correlation between copper and plasma total homocysteine was not detected in healthy control subjects. The concentration of calcium in plasma (67.5 vs 80. 8 microg/g) was significantly lower in the patients than in the control subjects (P = 0.02). When the patients were divided into groups, the patients with suprainguinal lesions had significantly higher copper concentrations (P = 0.04) and significantly lower selenium and calcium concentrations (P = 0.01 and 0.008, respectively) than the healthy subjects. Patients had higher concentrations of autoantibodies against oxidized LDL and concentrations of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substance than the healthy subjects (P <0.0001 and P = 0.001, respectively). The concentrations of plasma total homocysteine and alpha-tocopherol were significantly higher, and the concentrations of vitamin B(6) and beta-carotene were lower in the patients than the healthy subjects.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings suggest that the atherogenicity of homocysteine may be related to copper-dependent interactions.
authors.affiliation: Division of Clinical Chemistry, Central Hospital in Rogaland, 4003 Stavanger, Norway. amansoor@online.no
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Mansoor
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bergmark
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Haswell
authors.forename: I F
authors.initials: IF
authors.lastname: Savage
authors.forename: P H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Evans
authors.forename: R K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Berge
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Svardal
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Kristensen
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism; D001161:Arteriosclerosis / Q000097:blood; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D003300:Copper / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D006710:Homocysteine / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016491:Peripheral Vascular Diseases / Q000097:blood*; D013052:Spectrometry, X-Ray Emission; D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances; D014131:Trace Elements / Q000097:blood; D014803:Vitamin B Complex / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances; D014131:Trace Elements; D006710:Homocysteine; D014803:Vitamin B Complex; D003300:Copper