title: Immunohistochemical localization of cytokines, C5b-9 and ICAM-1 in peripheral nerve of Guillain-Barré syndrome.
abstract: The spectrum of the Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS) has recently been widened by the newly identified forms of acute motor axonal neuropathy (AMAN) and acute motor sensory axonal neuropathy (AMSAN). An important question has been raised regarding the possibility for the axon to be a target in immune-mediated damage. Although myelin breakdown is the characteristic feature of classic acute inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (AIDP), axonal degeneration may occasionally be observed in this form, especially in cases with explosive onset and severe clinical course. Immunohistochemical findings of five frozen sural nerves biopsies of patients with GBS (AIDP variant) tested with a panel of monoclonal antibodies raised against different molecules implicated in immune-mediated processes have principally disclosed an immunoreactivity of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) on both Schwann cell membranes and in myelinated and unmyelinated axons. On the other hand, interleukin 1-beta (IL1-beta) labeled Schwann cells, endothelial cells and macrophages; interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) was observed both in endothelial cells and lymphocytes. Membrane attack complex (C5b-9) deposits were observed on Schwann cell membranes and finally intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) was localized both on endothelial cells and macrophages. Our findings strongly suggest that TNF-alpha is an important factor in the cascade of events leading to immune-mediated demyelination and axonal damage in GBS.
authors.affiliation: Clinica di Neuropsichiatria Infantile, Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, 119 Via Ospedale, 09124, Cagliari, Italy.
authors.forename: G A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Putzu
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Figarella-Branger
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bouvier-Labit
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Liprandi
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Bianco
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Pellissier
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015938:Complement Membrane Attack Complex / Q000378:metabolism*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D005455:Fluorescent Antibody Technique; D020275:Guillain-Barre Syndrome / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D006652:Histological Techniques; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000378:metabolism*; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000378:metabolism; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009418:S100 Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D012583:Schwann Cells / Q000378:metabolism; D013497:Sural Nerve / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D014018:Tissue Distribution
chemical_list: D015938:Complement Membrane Attack Complex; D016207:Cytokines; D007375:Interleukin-1; D009418:S100 Proteins; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1; D007371:Interferon-gamma