title: A randomized trial of itraconazole in allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis is a hypersensitivity disorder that can progress from an acute phase to chronic disease. The main treatment is systemic corticosteroids, but data from uncontrolled studies suggest that itraconazole, an orally administered antifungal agent, may be an effective adjunctive therapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a randomized, double-blind trial of treatment with either 200 mg of itraconazole twice daily or placebo for 16 weeks in patients who met immunologic and pulmonary-function criteria for corticosteroid-dependent allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis. A response was defined as a reduction of at least 50 percent in the corticosteroid dose, a decrease of at least 25 percent in the serum IgE concentration, and one of the following: an improvement of at least 25 percent in exercise tolerance or pulmonary-function tests or resolution or absence of pulmonary infiltrates. In a second, open-label part of the trial, all the patients received 200 mg of itraconazole per day for 16 weeks.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were responses in 13 of 28 patients in the itraconazole group (46 percent), as compared with 5 of 27 patients in the placebo group (19 percent, P=0.04). The rate of adverse events was similar in the two groups. In the subsequent open-label phase, 12 of the 33 patients who had not had a response during the double-blind phase (36 percent) had responses, and none of the patients who had a response in the double-blind phase of the trial had a relapse.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  For patients with corticosteroid-dependent allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis, the addition of itraconazole can lead to improvement in the condition without added toxicity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Santa Clara Valley Medical Center, San Jose, Calif 95128-2699, USA. stevens@leland.stanford.edu
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Stevens
authors.forename: H J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Schwartz
authors.forename: J Y
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: B L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Moskovitz
authors.forename: D C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Jerome
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Catanzaro
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Bamberger
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Weinmann
authors.forename: C U
authors.initials: CU
authors.lastname: Tuazon
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Judson
authors.forename: T A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Platts-Mills
authors.forename: A C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: DeGraff
mesh_terms: D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001229:Aspergillosis, Allergic Bronchopulmonary / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007073:Immunoglobulin E / Q000097:blood; D017964:Itraconazole / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones; D000935:Antifungal Agents; D017964:Itraconazole; D007073:Immunoglobulin E