title: 2-Acetylaminofluorene suppresses immune response through the inhibition of nuclear factor-kappaB activation during the early stage of B cell development.
abstract: 2-Acetylaminofluorene (AAF), an arylamide carcinogen, has been known to inhibit humoral and cell-mediated immune response by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). In the current study we demonstrate that AAF induced the down-regulation of protein kinase C (PKC) that is a key enzyme in the pathways leading to LPS-induced B-cell proliferation, while having no inhibitory effect on intracellular cAMP in spleen cells. Additionally, to identify the mechanism of action of AAF during B-cell development, we determined the effects of AAF on LPS-induced nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) activation in 70Z/3 murine pre-B cells, CH12 murine mature B cells and S194 murine plasmacytoma cells. LPS-induced NF-kappaB activation, which is dependent on PKC, was inhibited by pretreatment with AAF for 2 h in the nuclei of 70Z/3 murine pre-B cells by detection of NF-kappaB specific DNA-protein binding. Conversely, AAF barely inhibited the constitutive NF-kappaB binding activity in mature B-cells, S194 and CH12. To confirm the effect of AAF on NF-kappaB activation, a chloramphenicol acetyl transferase (CAT) expression vector containing multiple copies of the NF-kappaB element (pCAT(kappaB)(3)) was transiently transfected into 70Z/3 or S194 cells, and assessed for inducible CAT activity. AAF treatment of 70Z/3 cells resulted in a significant inhibition of CAT activity induced by LPS. However, AAF exhibited no inhibitory effect on constitutive CAT activity in mature B cells, S194, indicating that AAF no longer has suppressive effects on the immune response in differentiated B cells. Taken together, these results suggest that AAF may act to suppress immune response by blocking the activation of PKC and nuclear expression of NF-kappaB at the early stage of B cell development.
authors.affiliation: Cell Cycle and Signal Transduction Research Unit, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, P.O. Box 115, Yusong, Taejon, South Korea. mikelee@kribb4680.kribb.re.kr
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: K H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D015073:2-Acetylaminofluorene / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000262:Adenylyl Cyclases / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001402:B-Lymphocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000276:immunology*; D002273:Carcinogens / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000201:enzymology; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000378:metabolism; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D005576:Colforsin / Q000494:pharmacology; D000242:Cyclic AMP / Q000096:biosynthesis; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D015536:Down-Regulation; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D017930:Genes, Reporter; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D007424:Intracellular Fluid / Q000201:enzymology; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000187:drug effects; D011493:Protein Kinase C / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D013154:Spleen / Q000166:cytology / Q000201:enzymology; D014162:Transfection
chemical_list: D002273:Carcinogens; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D016328:NF-kappa B; D005576:Colforsin; D015073:2-Acetylaminofluorene; D000242:Cyclic AMP; D011493:Protein Kinase C; D000262:Adenylyl Cyclases