title: Postoperative pain control by epidural analgesia after transabdominal surgery. Efficacy and problems encountered in daily routine.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The efficacy of postoperative epidural pain treatment has been well documented in controlled studies. However, the literature concerning results of daily routine use of this method often only emphasises certain aspects of it.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective study of 168 patients scheduled for major surgery with transabdominal access was performed in order to evaluate efficacy, side effects, complications and rate of acceptance of postoperative epidural pain treatment. The epidural catheter was placed before surgery and the patients received epidural analgesia by a bupivacaine/morphine mixture for 3 days postoperatively, continued by another 3 days with bolus injections of morphine only.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Only few complications followed the insertion of the epidural catheter, but in about 16% of the patients the epidural catheter or the drugs administered by it made reinsertion or change in the type of analgesia necessary during the first 3 post-operative days. Despite the possibility for individualising the treatment and p.r.n. analgesics, pain relief when coughing and moving during day 1-3 was insufficient in 30-50% of the patients. Serious side effects were rare, but pruritus was frequent, as were the symptoms of nausea and vomiting. The patients were generally satisfied with the treatment; however, a small group had unacceptable pain when the epidural catheter was inserted.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Analgesia was insufficient when coughing and moving in an unacceptably large number of the patients. Also the number of epidural catheter related problems was high. In order to make early intervention possible, the patients and epidural catheters should be observed daily and systematically by members of the staff competent to detect possible problems.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesiology, Herlev University Hospital, Denmark.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Andersen
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Rasmussen
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rosenstock
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Blemmer
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Engbaek
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Christensen
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ording
mesh_terms: D000005:Abdomen / Q000601:surgery*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015360:Analgesia, Epidural / Q000009:adverse effects; D002045:Bupivacaine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009020:Morphine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000188:drug therapy*; D011446:Prospective Studies
chemical_list: D009020:Morphine; D002045:Bupivacaine