title: Elemental and morphological identification of third-body particulate and calcium stearate inclusions in polyethylene components.
abstract: Third-body particulate such as human bone chips, hydroxyapatite, and bone cement are considered contributing factors in accelerated wear in total joint replacement. Particulate wear debris is now considered the major contributing factor in aseptic loosening of total joint replacements. The ability to distinguish between different third-body particulate is necessary to better understand wear mechanisms when conducting implant retrieval analysis. The objective of this investigation is to demonstrate that backscattered electron imaging with correlated energy dispersive X-ray analysis can accurately identify third-body particulate in retrieved polyethylene components. It is important that this technique can also distinguish between third-body particulate and normal inclusions in the polyethylene such as calcium stearate, based on the distinct morphology and elemental composition of each material. Therefore, the ability to distinguish third-body particulate from calcium stearate inclusions is essential in gaining a better understanding of the contributing factors associated with coating separation and accelerated wear observed in clinically retrieved polyethylene components.
authors.affiliation: Bone and Joint Research Laboratory (151F), VA Medical Center, 500 Foothill Blvd., Salt Lake City, UT 84148, USA.
authors.forename: B M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Willie
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Shea
authors.forename: R D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Bloebaum
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Hofmann
mesh_terms: D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000737:chemistry*; D001843:Bone Cements / Q000737:chemistry; D018786:Bone Substitutes / Q000737:chemistry*; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000737:chemistry / Q000648:ultrastructure; D017886:Durapatite / Q000737:chemistry; D004577:Electron Probe Microanalysis / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D011095:Polyethylenes / Q000737:chemistry*; D013229:Stearic Acids / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D001843:Bone Cements; D018786:Bone Substitutes; D011095:Polyethylenes; D013229:Stearic Acids; C031183:stearic acid; D017886:Durapatite