title: On denture marking.
abstract: During the last decades in Sweden dentures have been permanently marked with a stainless steel metal band incorporated into the acrylic and containing the patient's birth date, a special number, and "S" for Sweden. The last recommendation issued by the National Board of Health and Welfare states that "the patients shall always be offered denture marking and be informed about the benefit thereof. Denture marking is not permitted if the patient refuses it". Requirements for denture markers have been that they should be biologically inert (when incorporated into the denture), not be expensive, be easy to inscribe, be possible to retrieve after an accident, and survive elevated temperatures for a reasonable time under normal circumstances. Although the frequency of edentulousness has decreased in recent years due to the improvement in oral health there remains a need to address the issue of marking of complete dentures, because there is a large variation in the oral status of populations in different countries. Given that only one marked denture can reveal the identity of a deceased person when all other methods fail to do so, makes it worthwhile. Furthermore, denture marking is important in long-term care facilities. We have investigated the issue of denture marking in Europe and in the United States. The results from the European survey show that denture marking is, to our knowledge regulated by law only in Sweden and Iceland. In the US denture marking is so far mandatory in 21 states while New York State requires dentures to be marked if the patient requests it and several other states impose the obligation to mark dentures on long-term care facilities. Since there is no international consensus regarding the issue of denture marking it is important to address it. A survey from the Nordic countries has shown that if denture marking was in general use, the contribution to the establishment of identity by forensic odontology in cases of fire would increase by about 10%. This means that about 25 more individuals could have been identified if their dentures were marked. Increased international collaboration is needed to solve the issue of denture marking for clinical and forensic purposes.
authors.affiliation: Göteborg University, Faculty of Odontology, Sweden.
authors.forename: H I
authors.initials: HI
authors.lastname: Borrman
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: DiZinno
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wasén
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: René
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D003821:Denture Identification Marking / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005060:Europe / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D018732:Forensic Anthropology / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005553:Forensic Dentistry / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D015577:Geriatric Assessment; D006801:Humans; D007575:Jaw, Edentulous / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D013548:Sweden / Q000453:epidemiology; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology