title: Reduction in water and metabolite apparent diffusion coefficients during energy failure involves cation-dependent mechanisms. A proton nuclear magnetic resonance study of rat cortical brain slices.
abstract: Proton (1H) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) diffusion spectroscopy was used to assess apparent diffusion coefficients (ADCs) in rat brain slices. Aglycemic hypoxia caused reductions in the ADC of N-acetylaspartate (NAA) (0.15 to 0.09 x 10(-3) mm2/s) and "slow" diffusion coefficient (D2) of tissue water (0.51 to 0.37 x 10(-3) mm2/s), together with a 32+/-11% increase in tissue water volume, attributable to tissue swelling. The ADC and D2 reductions were diminished, however, by removing external Ca2+, and under 10 mmol/L Mg2+, normoxic diffusion coefficients persisted until 40 minutes of hypoxia. The data suggest that the shift of water into the intracellular space alone cannot satisfactorily explain the reduced cerebral diffusion upon energy failure and that external Mg2+ and Ca2+ play crucial modulatory roles.
authors.affiliation: NMR Research Group, A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Kuopio, Finland.
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Hakumäki
authors.forename: T R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Pirttilä
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Kauppinen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001224:Aspartic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000378:metabolism; D002118:Calcium / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D002412:Cations / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000378:metabolism*; D004058:Diffusion; D004734:Energy Metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D002534:Hypoxia, Brain / Q000378:metabolism; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008274:Magnesium / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D008297:Male; D008564:Membrane Potentials / Q000187:drug effects; D011189:Potassium Chloride / Q000494:pharmacology; D011522:Protons; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012965:Sodium Chloride / Q000494:pharmacology; D014867:Water / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D002412:Cations; D011522:Protons; D014867:Water; D001224:Aspartic Acid; D012965:Sodium Chloride; D011189:Potassium Chloride; C000179:N-acetylaspartate; D008274:Magnesium; D002118:Calcium