title: Internal structure and early thermal evolution of Mars from Mars Global Surveyor topography and gravity.
abstract: Topography and gravity measured by the Mars Global Surveyor have enabled determination of the global crust and upper mantle structure of Mars. The planet displays two distinct crustal zones that do not correlate globally with the geologic dichotomy: a region of crust that thins progressively from south to north and encompasses much of the southern highlands and Tharsis province and a region of approximately uniform crustal thickness that includes the northern lowlands and Arabia Terra. The strength of the lithosphere beneath the ancient southern highlands suggests that the northern hemisphere was a locus of high heat flow early in martian history. The thickness of the elastic lithosphere increases with time of loading in the northern plains and Tharsis. The northern lowlands contain structures interpreted as large buried channels that are consistent with northward transport of water and sediment to the lowlands before the end of northern hemisphere resurfacing.
authors.affiliation: Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. zuber@mit.edu
authors.forename: M T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Zuber
authors.forename: S C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Solomon
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Phillips
authors.forename: D E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: G L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Tyler
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Aharonson
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Balmino
authors.forename: W B
authors.initials: WB
authors.lastname: Banerdt
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Head
authors.forename: C L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: F G
authors.initials: FG
authors.lastname: Lemoine
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: McGovern
authors.forename: G A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Neumann
authors.forename: D D
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Rowlands
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhong
mesh_terms: D001272:Atmosphere; D019419:Evolution, Planetary; D005118:Extraterrestrial Environment; D019015:Geologic Sediments; D006112:Gravitation; D018535:Mars; D013696:Temperature; D014867:Water
chemical_list: D014867:Water