title: Non-adherence with long-term prophylaxis: a 6-year naturalistic follow-up study of affectively ill patients.
abstract: In a retrospective 6-year follow-up, we assessed the reasons for and the frequency and consequences of non-adherence in 76 affectively ill patients receiving lithium prophylaxis in two lithium clinics. Thirty-eight bipolar (50%), 21 unipolar (27.6%) and 17 schizoaffective patients (22.4%) diagnosed according to DSM-III-R, were investigated with a specialized follow-up documentation. Of the patients 53.9% discontinued prophylaxis at some time; 43.2% of the discontinuations occurred during the first 6 months. In contrast to other studies the main reason reported for non-adherence was resistance against long-term treatment. According to the Lithium Attitudes Questionnaire non-adherent patients showed significantly less acceptance of the prophylaxis in general, of the effectiveness of lithium and of the severity of their illness than adherent patients. In a multivariate analysis of various parameters, only the negative attitude to prophylaxis correlated significantly with non-adherence. Significant correlation was found between treatment outcome and duration of initial prophylaxis. During the 6-year follow-up only the adherent patients showed a significant reduction of the number and duration of admissions. Our findings confirmed non-adherence as a major problem in the effectiveness of lithium prophylaxis. The authors recommend prospective investigations of attitudes and the impact of psychoeducation on long-term adherence.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Vienna, Austria. claudia.schumann@univie.ac.at
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Schumann
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lenz
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Berghöfer
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Müller-Oerlinghausen
mesh_terms: D018692:Antimanic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000523:psychology; D003717:Denial, Psychological; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000523:psychology; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D016651:Lithium Carbonate / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D008134:Long-Term Care / Q000523:psychology; D011618:Psychotic Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000523:psychology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D016312:Treatment Refusal / Q000523:psychology
chemical_list: D018692:Antimanic Agents; D016651:Lithium Carbonate