Molecular study of the sodium-iodide symporter (NIS): a new field in thyroidology.
The active transport of iodide into the thyroid is mediated by the Na(+)-I- symporter (NIS), an intrinsic membrane protein. NIS plays key roles in thyroid pathophysiology as the route by which I- reaches the gland for thyroid hormone biosynthesis, and as a means for diagnostic scintigraphic imaging and for radioiodide therapy in thyroid cancer. The molecular characterization of NIS started with the isolation in 1996 of a cDNA encoding rat NIS, and has subsequently led to a virtually new field in thyroidology. The research reviewed in this article clearly has far-reaching implications in the areas of structure/function of transport proteins, thyroid pathophysiology, hormone action mechanisms, cell differentiation and cancer.
Dohan
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O
Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Department of Molecular Pharmacology, 1300 Bronx, NY 10461, USA.
De la Vieja
A
A
Carrasco
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N
D000818:Animals; D005075:Biological Evolution; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology; D018076:DNA, Complementary / Q000235:genetics; D004594:Electrophysiology; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006262:Health; D006801:Humans; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology; D027981:Symporters; D013961:Thyroid Gland / Q000502:physiology*; D000099209:Sodium-Iodide Symporters
D002352:Carrier Proteins; D018076:DNA, Complementary; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D027981:Symporters; D000099209:Sodium-Iodide Symporters