title: Peripheral blood T-lymphocyte and monocyte function and survival in patients with head and neck carcinoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine if the T-lymphocyte and monocyte functions of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) are predictive factors for outcome.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective study describing the outcome, as to total survival and death by disease after at least 40 months observation, of 81 previously untreated male HNSCC patients in relation to PBMC T-lymphocyte and monocyte function.
  
  
  METHODS
  T-lymphocyte mitogenesis and the cytokine level in culture supernatants of PBMC as well as monocytes were analyzed. These parameters were related to survival by Cox regression and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  When patients with high versus low T-lymphocyte mitogen-stimulated proliferations were compared, a decreased proliferation was seen to be related to worse outcome. The predictive value of T-lymphocyte proliferation was shown to be an independent prognostic factor when adjusted for stage and stratified for anatomic location in survival analysis. The predictive value was also retained when the serum values of the major serum proteins and hormones and scores based on the smoking and alcohol history were added to the survival analysis with lymphocyte proliferation. Supernatant levels of gamma-interferon, interleukin (IL)-2, or IL-4 in PBMC cultures were not related to outcome. Monocyte function measured by endotoxin-stimulated IL-1beta, IL-6, IL-12, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha secretion did not relate to outcome of the patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The PBMC T-lymphocyte-stimulated proliferation is an independent prognostic factor for male HNSCC patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology/Head & Neck Surgery, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway. John.Heimdal@haukeland.no
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Heimdal
authors.forename: H J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Aarstad
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Olofsson
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000097:blood; D001798:Blood Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000097:blood*; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000502:physiology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005544:Forecasting; D006258:Head and Neck Neoplasms / Q000097:blood*; D006728:Hormones / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D007378:Interleukins / Q000032:analysis; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D008934:Mitogens / Q000494:pharmacology; D009000:Monocytes / Q000502:physiology*; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012907:Smoking / Q000097:blood; D016019:Survival Analysis; D015996:Survival Rate; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D001798:Blood Proteins; D006728:Hormones; D007378:Interleukins; D008934:Mitogens; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha