title: Freeze-fracture cytochemistry: a new method combining immunocytochemistry and enzyme cytochemistry on replicas.
abstract: We describe a new freeze-fracture cytochemical technique consisting of combined immunocytochemistry and enzyme cytochemistry. This technique reveals the relationship between molecules in biological membranes by double labeling with two different cytochemical markers (i.e., immunogold probes and cerium). In this method, antigens were detected with specific primary antibodies and appropriate secondary immunoprobes. Subsequently, alkaline phosphates activity was detected with cerium as the capture agent on the same replicas. Octyl-glucoside (OG) digestion before the cytochemical reactions was crucial to the success of this combined method. OG is an efficient detergent and OG digestion can preserve both immunocytochemical antigenicity and enzyme activity on replicas. As an initial examination, we applied this technique to the study of glycosyl-phosphatidyl-inositol-anchored proteins and adhesion molecules in human neutrophils. The method described here should serve as a unique additional approach for the study of topology and dynamics of molecules in biomembranes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, Jich Medical School, Tochigi, Japan.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Takizawa
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Saito
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Robinson
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure; D002563:Cerium / Q000378:metabolism; D005614:Freeze Fracturing / Q000379:methods*; D005960:Glucosides / Q000378:metabolism; D017261:Glycosylphosphatidylinositols / Q000378:metabolism; D015395:Histocompatibility Antigens Class I / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D016591:Histocytological Preparation Techniques; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry / Q000379:methods*; D019041:L-Selectin / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008854:Microscopy, Electron; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D017452:Receptors, IgG / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D005960:Glucosides; D017261:Glycosylphosphatidylinositols; D015395:Histocompatibility Antigens Class I; D017452:Receptors, IgG; D019041:L-Selectin; D002563:Cerium; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase