title: Vascular endothelial growth factor and its correlation with superficial bladder cancer recurrence rates and stage progression.
abstract: Because of the heterogeneous behavior of superficial bladder cancer, the development of additional simple diagnostic and prognostic tests will be invaluable. The authors have demonstrated significantly elevated levels of urinary VEGF in patients with active bladder cancer. The sensitivity and specificity of urinary VEGF for diagnosing primary or recurrent bladder cancer were superior when compared with the results of cytology, which remains the most widely used noninvasive diagnostic investigation. These results and the authors' previous findings at the mRNA and protein level strongly implicate VEGF in the pathogenesis of bladder cancer recurrence and progression. The potential exists for anti-VEGF strategies in the treatment of, or prophylaxis against, recurrent superficial bladder cancer.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom. Adam.Jones@icrf.icnet.uk
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Crew
mesh_terms: D002278:Carcinoma in Situ / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D018450:Disease Progression; D016228:Endothelial Growth Factors / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008222:Lymphokines / Q000378:metabolism*; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D042442:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors
chemical_list: D016228:Endothelial Growth Factors; D008222:Lymphokines; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D042442:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors