title: Contrast enhanced color duplex for diagnosis of subtotal stenosis or occlusion of the internal carotid artery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We initiated this prospective study to investigate the usefulness of contrast enhancement in combination with color Doppler-assisted duplex imaging (CDDI) for the distinction of subtotal internal carotid artery (ICA) stenosis and ICA occlusion.
  
  
  METHODS
  During 1 year all patients with a previously unknown subtotal ICA stenosis (>90%) or ICA occlusion on routine CDDI were included in the study. These patients underwent a CDDI with and without intravenous contrast, Levovist 300 mg/ml.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The study group consisted of 32 patients, 15 with subtotal stenosis and high velocity at the ICA stenosis, two with subtotal stenosis and minimal residual color flow and relative low velocity at the ICA stenosis and 15 with ICA occlusion. In all patients the diagnosis by CDDI without and with contrast were the same. Image quality was improved with contrast in 13 of the 17 patients at the subtotal ICA stenosis. There was no significant difference in mean velocities at the subtotal ICA stenoses without and with contrast.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The usefulness of contrast enhancement with CDDI for differentiating subtotal ICA stenosis and ICA occlusion is limited. Possibly it is useful in patients with moderate image quality of the CCA and ICA and in patients with a subtotal stenosis with minimal residual color flow and relative low velocity at the ICA stenosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Medical Centre Haaglanden, Westeinde Hospital, Postbus 432, 2501 CK, The Hague, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Hofstee
authors.forename: P H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Hoogland
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Schimsheimer
authors.forename: A W
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: de Weerd
mesh_terms: D016893:Carotid Stenosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D002533:Cerebral Angiography / Q000379:methods; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D018615:Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color / Q000379:methods*