title: Anesthetic aspects of laparoscopic and open adrenalectomy for pheochromocytoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the anesthetic aspects and intraoperative hemodynamic data and immediate postoperative outcomes in patients whose pheochromocytoma resection was performed either laparoscopically or by traditional open surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fourteen consecutive patients who underwent laparoscopic procedures (a single surgeon) were compared with 20 patients who underwent open surgery. The patients' records were reviewed for demographic information, preoperative medical history and therapy, intraoperative hemodynamic data, fluid balance, and immediate postoperative course.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No differences between the highest intraoperative blood pressures and number of hypertensive episodes between the two groups were found. However, in laparoscopic patients, the intraoperative hypotension was less severe (mean lowest blood pressure 98/57 mm Hg versus 88/50 mm Hg, P = 0.05), and the hypotensive episodes were less frequent (median 0 versus 2, P = 0.005) and required fewer interventions with vasopressors (P = 0.02). Extreme high and extreme low heart rates did not differ between the two groups. The estimated blood loss was lower in the laparoscopic group (P = 0.0001), but the total intraoperative fluid requirement and operative times were similar in the two groups. Patients in the laparoscopic group resumed walking earlier (median 1.5 versus 4 days, P = 0.002) and resumed oral food intake sooner (median 1 versus 3.5 days, P = 0.0001). The median duration of hospitalization in patients who underwent laparoscopic and open adrenalectomy was 3 and 7.5 days, respectively (P = 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Intraoperative hemodynamic values during laparoscopic adrenalectomy for pheochromocytoma were comparable to those of traditional open surgery, but the patients who underwent the laparoscopic procedure had a faster postoperative recovery.
authors.affiliation: Department of General Anesthesiology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sprung
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: O'Hara
authors.forename: I S
authors.initials: IS
authors.lastname: Gill
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Abdelmalak
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sarnaik
authors.forename: E L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Bravo
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000310:Adrenal Gland Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*; D000315:Adrenalectomy / Q000379:methods; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000758:Anesthesia; D016063:Blood Loss, Surgical; D001794:Blood Pressure; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate; D006801:Humans; D007432:Intraoperative Period; D010535:Laparoscopy; D007902:Length of Stay; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016343:Monitoring, Intraoperative; D010673:Pheochromocytoma / Q000601:surgery*; D012189:Retrospective Studies