title: Declining fetal growth standards in Enugu, Nigeria.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the birth-weights of babies born before and after the introduction of the Structural Adjustment Program in Nigeria.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective analysis of the birth-weights of all singleton live births at the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital Enugu, Eastern Nigeria, in 1984 and 1998.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The babies were on average 183 g lighter in 1998 than in 1984. The mean birth-weight for each gestational age, parity and fetal sex was significantly lower in 1998 than in 1984. The incidences of low birth-weight, intrauterine growth retardation and preterm delivery were significantly higher in 1998 than in 1984. The above findings were associated with a significant reduction in the mean gestational age, parity and utilization of the hospital's maternity services, probably consequences of an adverse socio-economic environment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Reversing the declining growth standards of Nigerian fetuses would entail improving the socio-economic status of Nigerian women as well as the quality of maternity care.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu, Nigeria.
authors.forename: H E
authors.initials: HE
authors.lastname: Onah
mesh_terms: D001724:Birth Weight; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008427:Maternal Health Services / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D009549:Nigeria; D010298:Parity; D012016:Reference Values; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors