title: Serum tocopherols, selenium and lung cancer risk among tin miners in China.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the association of prediagnostic serum antioxidants and lung cancer risk we conducted a case-control study nested in an occupational cohort of tin miners.
  
  
  METHODS
  Male workers free of cancer enrolled in the cohort. During up to 6 years of follow-up, 339 lung cancer cases were diagnosed and, among these cases, those who donated blood prospectively (n = 108) were eligible for this study. For each case, two controls alive and free of cancer at the time of case diagnosis were matched on age and date of blood collection.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall, we observed no association between serum alpha-tocopherol, gamma-tocopherol or selenium levels and lung cancer risk. However, a significant gradient of decreasing lung cancer risk with increasing serum alpha-tocopherol was apparent for men less than 60 years old (odds ratio by tertile: 1.0, 0.9, 0.2; trend p = 0.002). Alpha-tocopherol was also protective in men who reported no alcohol drinking (OR by tertile: 1.0, 0.6, 0.3; trend p = 0.008).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although there were no significant overall associations between prospectively collected serum alpha-tocopherol, gamma-tocopherol or selenium and incidence of lung cancer, results from this study suggest that higher alpha-tocopherol levels may be protective in men less than 60 years old and in those who do not drink alcohol.
authors.affiliation: Cancer Prevention Studies Branch, Division of Clinical Sciences, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda 20892-7058, MD, USA. DR132K@NIH.gov
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ratnasinghe
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Tangrea
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Forman
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hartman
authors.forename: E W
authors.initials: EW
authors.lastname: Gunter
authors.forename: Y L
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Qiao
authors.forename: S X
authors.initials: SX
authors.lastname: Yao
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Barett
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Giffen
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Erozan
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Tockman
authors.forename: P R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Taylor
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000097:blood*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D062665:Epidemiological Monitoring; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D016015:Logistic Models; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008906:Mining; D009784:Occupational Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011886:Radon / Q000032:analysis; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012643:Selenium / Q000097:blood*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D014001:Tin; D014810:Vitamin E / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D014810:Vitamin E; D014001:Tin; D012643:Selenium; D011886:Radon