title: Effect of glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors on CD62p expression, platelet aggregates, and microparticles in vitro.
abstract: Flow cytometry can detect platelet activation (CD62p), aggregate formation, microparticle formation, and glycoprotein IIb/IIIa (GP IIb/IIIa) receptor occupancy in one sample at the level of single particles. We studied the effect of GP IIb/IIIa inhibitors on platelet activation with flow cytometry in vitro. Citrated whole blood was incubated with increasing concentrations of three different GP IIb/IIIa inhibitors (c7E3, DMP728, XJ757), then thrombin or adenosine diphosphate (ADP) was added, and after 1 minute the sample was fixed. Samples with thrombin but without c7E3 had a decrease in platelet count, from a mean of 260,000 platelets/microl to 56,000 platelets/microL, and aggregates increased. Samples with concentrations of c7E3 that resulted in 80% or more receptor blockade had no decrease in platelet count, and no aggregates were formed, but the number of CD62p-positive single platelets increased from 1200 to 7400 platelets/microL. The two other inhibitors (DMP 725, XJ757) or ADP instead of thrombin gave similar results. Microparticle formation did not change with platelet activation in the presence of a GP IIb/IIIa inhibitor. With small inhibitor doses resulting in <80% receptor blockade, the number of aggregates did not change or was even higher than that in samples without inhibitor. GP IIb/IIIa inhibitors do prevent aggregate formation but they do not prevent activation of platelets. With GP IIb/IIIa inhibition, more activated single platelets remain in the blood. One may expect an increasing number of circulating, activated platelets with the use of GP IIb/IIIa inhibitors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Hematology/Oncology, Center for Internal Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany.
authors.forename: A C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Matzdorff
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kühnel
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kemkes-Matthes
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Pralle
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Voss
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fareed
mesh_terms: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000494:pharmacology; D001792:Blood Platelets / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008698:Mesylates / Q000494:pharmacology; D019007:P-Selectin / Q000378:metabolism*; D010456:Peptides, Cyclic / Q000494:pharmacology; D015539:Platelet Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D010974:Platelet Aggregation / Q000187:drug effects; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D010976:Platelet Count; D019039:Platelet Glycoprotein GPIIb-IIIa Complex / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D008698:Mesylates; D019007:P-Selectin; D010456:Peptides, Cyclic; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; D019039:Platelet Glycoprotein GPIIb-IIIa Complex; C085286:DMP 728