title: Isotonic mechanics of a pharyngeal dilator muscle and diaphragm in the rat before and after fatigue.
abstract: Pharyngeal and diaphragm muscles contract and relax in synergy, which is why it was decided to compare their mechanical performance throughout the overall load continuum. The effects of fatigue were also studied. The isotonic mechanics of rat sternohyoid (SH; n=10) and diaphragm (D; n=10) were investigated in vitro. Force and length were measured in muscles contracting from zero load up to isometry. Maximum isometric tension (Pmax), peak mechanical work (Wmax), maximum unloaded shortening velocity (vzL) and mechanical efficiency (eff(max)) were recorded. Data were obtained both at baseline and after fatigue. SH muscles had a lower Pmax (96.0+/-13.7 versus 119.5+/-22.7 mN x mm(-2); p<0.05), a lower Wmax (5.5+/-1.2 versus 8.0+/-2.1 mJ x g(-1); p<0.01), a lower eff(max) (56.0+/-6.9 versus 62.6+/-5.8%; p<0.05) and a higher vzL (4.8+/-0.4 versus 3.4+/-0.4 initial length (L0) x s(-1); p<0.001) than D muscles. Wmax occurred at a higher relative load in SH (40% Pmax) than in D (30% Pmax). Fatigue did not modify eff(max) in SH muscles, whereas it significantly improved eff(max) in D muscles. These findings suggest that under control conditions, economy of force generation was less efficient in sternohyoid than in diaphragm muscles. Fatigue in sternohyoid muscles induced unfavourable mechanical behaviour. This may partly explain pharyngeal dilator muscle failure in the presence of increased loads. Whether these findings are relevant to human sleep apnoea syndrome has yet to be determined.
authors.affiliation: Service d'ORL et de Chirurgie Cervico-Faciale, UER Paris XI, Hôpital de Bicêtre, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Attal
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Coirault
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Chemla
authors.forename: F X
authors.initials: FX
authors.lastname: Blanc
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rocher
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Pourny
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bobin
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lecarpentier
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003964:Diaphragm / Q000502:physiology*; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007551:Isotonic Contraction / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D018763:Muscle Fatigue / Q000502:physiology; D010609:Pharyngeal Muscles / Q000502:physiology*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar