title: Role of angiotensin II in regulation of basal and sympathetically stimulated vascular tone in early and advanced cirrhosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The renin-angiotensin and sympathetic nervous systems are activated in cirrhosis. This study aimed to establish the role of angiotensin II (ANG II) in the regulation of basal and sympathetically stimulated vascular tone in preascitic cirrhotic patients and patients with diuretic-refractory ascites compared with age- and sex-matched healthy controls.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forearm blood flow (FBF) responses to lower body negative pressure (LBNP) and to subsystemic, intrabrachial infusions of losartan, an angiotensin II type 1 (AT(1)) receptor antagonist, norepinephrine, and ANG II were measured using venous occlusion plethysmography.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In all groups, ANG II and norepinephrine caused dose-dependent reductions in FBF (P < 0.001); responses to norepinephrine were similar across the 3 groups but those to ANG II were less in both cirrhotic groups than in controls (P < 0.01). Losartan caused a dose-dependent increase in FBF only in patients with refractory ascites (P < 0.01). LBNP caused less reduction in FBF in refractory ascites patients than in both preascitic patients and controls (P < 0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Despite hyporesponsiveness to exogenous ANG II in both early and advanced cirrhosis, endogenous ANG II contributes to the maintenance of basal vascular tone only in advanced cirrhosis. These findings suggest a role of ANG II in the pathogenesis of ascites. Attenuated LBNP responses occurred only in advanced cirrhosis, without apparent interaction with endogenous ANG II.
authors.affiliation: Liver Unit, Department of Medicine, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Helmy
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Jalan
authors.forename: D E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Newby
authors.forename: P C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Hayes
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Webb
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000804:Angiotensin II / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000502:physiology*; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D001808:Blood Vessels / Q000187:drug effects; D018450:Disease Progression; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D005542:Forearm / Q000098:blood supply; D006439:Hemodynamics; D006801:Humans; D008103:Liver Cirrhosis / Q000503:physiopathology*; D019808:Losartan / Q000494:pharmacology; D008150:Lower Body Negative Pressure; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009638:Norepinephrine / Q000494:pharmacology; D012039:Regional Blood Flow / Q000187:drug effects; D013564:Sympathetic Nervous System / Q000503:physiopathology*; D014662:Vasoconstrictor Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D014666:Vasomotor System / Q000503:physiopathology*
chemical_list: D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D014662:Vasoconstrictor Agents; D000804:Angiotensin II; D019808:Losartan; D009638:Norepinephrine