title: Phase II evaluation of cisplatin and etoposide followed by mitotane at disease progression in patients with locally advanced or metastatic adrenocortical carcinoma: a Southwest Oncology Group Study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A previous Southwest Oncology Group study demonstrated a 30% response rate with the combination of cisplatin and mitotane in the treatment of patients with metastatic adrenocortical carcinoma. Several case reports suggested that the combination of etoposide and cisplatin may be an active regimen in this disease. Because of these reports of potential activity, the authors conducted a Phase II trial evaluating the combination of etoposide and cisplatin. Due to the lack of data regarding the objective response rates to mitotane, the authors planned to evaluate the response rate to mitotane after disease progression on etoposide and cisplatin in patients with no prior mitotane therapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients with advanced, unresectable, or metastatic adrenocortical carcinoma with objectively measurable disease or biochemical abnormalities received cisplatin, 50 mg/m(2), intravenously on Days 1 and 2, and etoposide, 100 mg/m(2), on Days 1, 2, and 3. Cycles were repeated every 21 days. At the time of disease progression, patients who had not previously received mitotane received 1000 mg orally 4 times a day along with cortisone acetate and fludrocortisone acetate.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 47 patients entered onto the study, 45 were eligible. Nine patients had received mitotane previously and 36 had not. Objective responses were noted in 11% of patients (5 of 45 patients) (95% confidence interval, 3.7-24%). The median survival was 10 months. The most common toxic effects were hematologic, gastrointestinal, and neurologic. Only 16 patients with no prior mitotane therapy went on to receive mitotane at the time of disease progression. An objective response was noted in 13% of patients (2 of 16 patients). The most common toxic effects were edema and gastrointestinal effects.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The current study demonstrates that the combination of cisplatin and etoposide has minimal activity in advanced and metastatic adrenocortical carcinoma and other treatment strategies are warranted.
authors.affiliation: Division of Clinical Oncology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA.
authors.forename: S K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Williamson
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lew
authors.forename: G J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: S P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Balcerzak
authors.forename: L H
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Baker
authors.forename: E D
authors.initials: ED
authors.lastname: Crawford
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000306:Adrenal Cortex Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D018268:Adrenocortical Carcinoma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology / Q000556:secondary; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002648:Child; D002945:Cisplatin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D005047:Etoposide / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008939:Mitotane / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects
chemical_list: D005047:Etoposide; D008939:Mitotane; D002945:Cisplatin