title: Th1 versus Th2 immune responses in autoimmune lacrimal gland disease in MRL/Mp mice.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In MRL/Mp-lpr/lpr (MRL/lpr) and MRL/Mp-+/+ (MRL/+) mice, a T-cell-driven lacrimal gland inflammation spontaneously develops that is a model for Sjögren's syndrome. The lacrimal gland lesions in these mice were evaluated by immunohistochemistry for the relative contributions of T-helper (Th)1 versus Th2 immune responses.
  
  
  METHODS
  Frozen sections of lacrimal glands from MRL/lpr and MRL/+ mice ages 1 through 5 months were stained with monoclonal antibodies to the cytokines interferon (IFN)-gamma and interleukin (IL)4 and to the cell surface costimulatory molecules B7-1 and B7-2, which are associated with Th1 and Th2 responses, respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The median proportion of cells staining for IL-4 ranged from 30% to 67% over time for MRL/lpr mice and from 30% to 55% for MRL/+ mice. The median proportion of cells staining for IFN-gamma ranged from 1% to 5% for MRL/lpr mice and from 0% to 3% for MRL/+ mice. The proportion of cells staining positively for IL-4 was significantly greater than for IFN-gamma in both MRL/lpr (mean difference, 33%; P = 0.0001) and MRL/+ mice (mean difference, 42%; P = 0.0002). The median proportion of cells staining positively for B7-2 ranged from 20% to 38% for MRL/lpr mice and from 16% to 34% for MRL/+ mice. The median proportion of cells staining for B7-1 ranged from 2% to 10% for MRL/lpr mice and from 2% to 5% for MRL/+ mice. The proportion of cells staining positively for B7-2 was significantly greater than for B7-1 for both MRL/lpr mice (mean difference, 15%; P = 0.001) and for MRL/+ mice (mean difference, 19%; P = 0.006).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  On the basis of immunohistochemistry for cytokines and costimulatory molecules, inflammatory lacrimal gland lesions in MRL/lpr and MRL/+ mice appear to be a largely Th2 phenomenon.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA. dajabs@jhmi.edu
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Jabs
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Whittum-Hudson
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Prendergast
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000378:metabolism; D001327:Autoimmune Diseases / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D018122:B7-1 Antigen / Q000378:metabolism; D051940:B7-2 Antigen; D003607:Dacryocystitis / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000378:metabolism; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000378:metabolism; D007765:Lacrimal Apparatus / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D019463:Mice, Inbred MRL lpr; D012859:Sjogren's Syndrome / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D018417:Th1 Cells / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D018418:Th2 Cells / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD; D018122:B7-1 Antigen; D051940:B7-2 Antigen; C497965:Cd86 protein, mouse; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D015847:Interleukin-4; D007371:Interferon-gamma