title: Catalytic asymmetric syntheses and biological activities of singly dehydroxylated 19-nor-1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) A-ring analogs in cancer cell differentiation and apoptosis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  1alpha,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D(3) (1alpha,25(OH)(2)D(3)) has been shown to modulate not only proliferation and differentiation, but also apoptosis in malignant cells, indicating that it could be useful for treating cancer. Little information is available concerning the structural motifs of the 1alpha, 25(OH)(2)D(3) molecule responsible for modulation of differentiation and apoptosis, however. We set out to synthesize singly dehydroxylated A-ring analogs of 19-nor-1alpha,25(OH)(2)D(3) in a catalytic asymmetric fashion, and to investigate their biological activities in leukemia HL-60 cells.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A series of singly dehydroxylated 19-nor-1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) A-ring analogs were synthesized using a combinatiorial sequence of regioselective propiolate-ene reaction and catalytic asymmetric carbonyl-ene cyclization. Surprisingly, the analogs could be clearly divided into two categories; one group, bearing 1alpha-hydroxy or 3beta-hydroxy groups in the A-ring, were potent differentiators and the second group, bearing 1beta-hydroxy or 3alpha-hydroxy groups, were potent stimulators of apoptosis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We have clearly identified the structural motifs of 19-nor-1alpha,25(OH)(2)D(3) analogs responsible for differentiation and apoptosis in HL-60 cells. These findings will provide useful information not only for development of therapeutic agents for treatment of leukemia and other cancers, but also for structure-function studies of 1alpha,25(OH)(2)D(3).
authors.affiliation: Department of Hygienic Sciences, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Kobe, 658-8558, Japan. t-okano@kobepharma-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Okano
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nakagawa
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kubodera
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ozono
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Isaka
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Osawa
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Terada
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mikami
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D002117:Calcitriol / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000187:drug effects; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects*; D053938:DNA Fragmentation / Q000187:drug effects; D018922:HL-60 Cells; D006801:Humans; D013237:Stereoisomerism; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D013936:Thymidine / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; C083610:1,25-dihydroxy-19-norvitamin D3; D002117:Calcitriol; D013936:Thymidine