title: Type IV collagen and its degradation in paralyzed human muscle: effect of functional electrical stimulation.
abstract: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of spinal cord injury (SCI) and functional electrical stimulation (FES) of paralyzed muscles on type IV collagen content and proteins involving its degradation, which is initiated by matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and -9 and regulated by their tissue inhibitors (TIMPs)-2 and -1. Ten SCI subjects participated in an 18-month program of functional electrical stimulation (FES) of their leg muscles. Needle biopsies were taken from the vastus lateralis muscle before and at various times during the training period, and from able-bodied controls. Type IV collagen concentration was unaltered. ProMMP-2 level of SCI subjects before the training period tended to be higher than able-bodied controls and was significantly above the control level after FES. MMP-9 concentration was unchanged. The results suggest accelerated type IV collagen turnover in skeletal muscle of SCI individuals especially after FES as a part of adaptive process of the muscle.
authors.affiliation: Neuromuscular Research Center, Department of Biology, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland.
authors.forename: S O
authors.initials: SO
authors.lastname: Koskinen
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kjaer
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mohr
authors.forename: F B
authors.initials: FB
authors.lastname: Sørensen
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Suuronen
authors.forename: T E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Takala
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001707:Biopsy, Needle; D003094:Collagen / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D004792:Enzyme Precursors / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D018093:Gelatinases / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D006909:Hydroxyproline / Q000032:analysis; D008297:Male; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 / Q000378:metabolism; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / Q000378:metabolism; D008666:Metalloendopeptidases / Q000378:metabolism; D008875:Middle Aged; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D010243:Paralysis / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D012016:Reference Values; D013119:Spinal Cord Injuries / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D019715:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1 / Q000378:metabolism; D019716:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-2 / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D004792:Enzyme Precursors; D019715:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1; D019716:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-2; D003094:Collagen; D018093:Gelatinases; D008666:Metalloendopeptidases; C069860:progelatinase; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9; D006909:Hydroxyproline