title: CD56 expression is an indicator of poor clinical outcome in patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia treated with simultaneous all-trans-retinoic acid and chemotherapy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Preliminary reports suggest that leukemic cell expression of CD56, a neural cell adhesion molecule, is associated with adverse clinical outcome in either acute myeloid leukemia with t(8;21) or acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). We investigated the prognostic relevance of CD56 in a series of patients with APL who were treated homogeneously with all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA) and chemotherapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Clinicobiologic presenting features and therapeutic results were analyzed in a series of 100 patients with genetically proven APL who were treated, according to the example of the Gruppo Italiano Malattie Ematologiche Maligne dell'Adulto multicenter trial, with ATRA plus idarubicin (AIDA) and for whom data on CD56 expression were available at diagnosis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fifteen patients (15%) showed expression of CD56 in greater than or equal to 20% blasts at diagnosis and were considered as CD56(+). No differences were found regarding age, sex, WBC and platelet counts, incidence of coagulopathy, hemoglobin and fibrinogen levels, promyelocytic leukemia/retinoic acid receptor (PML/RAR) alpha fusion type, or complete remission (CR) rate in the comparison of the CD56(+) and CD56(-) populations. Conversely, compared with patients who were CD56(-), patients with CD56(+) APL had shorter CR duration (P =.04) and overall survival (P =.002). In the multivariate analysis, CD56 positivity and initial WBC count greater than 10 x 10(9) cells/L retained statistical significance in overall survival (P =.04 and P =.02, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The expression of CD56 is significantly associated with inferior CR duration and survival in patients with APL who were treated with modern frontline treatment that included ATRA and simultaneous chemotherapy. Combined with other well-established prognostic factors such as WBC count, CD56 expression at diagnosis might be used to build prognostic scores for risk-adapted therapy in APL.
authors.affiliation: Divisione di Ematologia, Sezione TERE, Servizio di Immunoematologia, Ospedale Cardarelli, Naples, Italy. ferrara@itb.it
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ferrara
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Morabito
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Martino
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Specchia
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Liso
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Nobile
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Boccuni
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Di Noto
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Pane
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Annunziata
authors.forename: E M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Schiavone
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: De Simone
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Guglielmi
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Del Vecchio
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Lo Coco
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D019002:CD56 Antigen / Q000378:metabolism*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015255:Idarubicin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D015473:Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000401:mortality; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D011379:Prognosis; D016019:Survival Analysis; D014212:Tretinoin / Q000008:administration & dosage
chemical_list: D019002:CD56 Antigen; D014212:Tretinoin; D015255:Idarubicin