title: The anatomical base of unilateral external fixation in the upper limb.
abstract: Unilateral external fixation requires an anatomically sound implantation of screws into the upper extremity. Detailed knowledge about the anatomical situation in the areas of pin implantation is of great importance. This paper focuses on relevant anatomical landmarks when implanting screws for external fixation in the humerus, the elbow, the forearm and the hand by studying anatomical specimen.
authors.affiliation: Department of Trauma Surgery, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, St. Vinzenz-Hospital, Merheimer Strasse 221-223, D-50733, Cologne, Germany.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Gausepohl
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Koebke
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Pennig
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hobrecker
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mader
mesh_terms: D001132:Arm / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D001134:Arm Injuries / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D016267:External Fixators; D005383:Finger Injuries / Q000601:surgery; D005592:Fracture Fixation / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D006810:Humeral Fractures / Q000601:surgery; D008488:Medical Illustration; D008663:Metacarpus / Q000293:injuries / Q000601:surgery; D011885:Radius Fractures / Q000601:surgery; D014458:Ulna Fractures / Q000601:surgery