title: Responsiveness of children with attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder to reward and response cost: differential impact on performance and motivation.
abstract: Using a within-subject design and both high- and low-interest tasks, this study examined the effects of reward (R), response cost (RC), and no contingency (NR) on performance and motivation of 22 children with attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and 22 controls. Dependent variables included performance measures, self-rated performance and motivation, and a new measure of behavioral motivation based on a 2-min postcontingency task. Both contingencies benefited some aspects of the performance of ADHD children; relative to R, RC showed stronger effects but at the expense of decreased self-rated motivation on the low-interest task. The performance of controls did not differ across tasks, whereas ADHD children performed relatively better on the high-interest task. Neither contingency decreased motivation measures relative to NR for either group. For ADHD children, motivational effects appeared to be influenced by self-perceptions of performance.
authors.affiliation: U Texas.
authors.forename: Caryn L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Carlson
authors.forename: Leanne
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-6066-1669
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Tamm
mesh_terms: D000124:Achievement; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D002648:Child; D004193:Discrimination Learning; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009042:Motivation; D011597:Psychomotor Performance; D012649:Self Concept; D014040:Token Economy