title: Computerized analysis of the likelihood of malignancy in solitary pulmonary nodules with use of artificial neural networks.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To develop a computer-aided diagnostic scheme by using an artificial neural network (ANN) to assist radiologists in the distinction of benign and malignant pulmonary nodules.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-six chest radiographs of 34 primary lung cancers and 22 benign nodules were digitized with a 0.175-mm pixel size and a 10-bit gray scale. Eight subjective image features were evaluated and recorded by radiologists in each case. A computerized method was developed to extract objective features that could be correlated with the subjective features. An ANN was used to distinguish benign from malignant nodules on the basis of subjective or objective features. The performance of the ANN was compared with that of the radiologists by means of receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Performance of the ANN was considerably greater with objective features (area under the ROC curve, Az = 0.854) than with subjective features (Az = 0.761). Performance of the ANN was also greater than that of the radiologists (Az = 0.752).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The computerized scheme has the potential to improve the diagnostic accuracy of radiologists in the distinction of benign and malignant solitary pulmonary nodules.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University of Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yoshida
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Engelmann
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: MacMahon
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Katsuragawa
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ishida
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ashizawa
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Doi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D018288:Carcinoma, Small Cell / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D002471:Cell Transformation, Neoplastic / Q000473:pathology; D003658:Decision Making, Computer-Assisted; D003936:Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016013:Likelihood Functions; D008168:Lung / Q000473:pathology; D008171:Lung Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008432:Mathematical Computing; D008875:Middle Aged; D016571:Neural Networks, Computer; D012372:ROC Curve; D011859:Radiography; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D003074:Solitary Pulmonary Nodule / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology