title: Enoximone echocardiography for predicting recovery of left ventricular dysfunction after revascularization : a novel test for detecting myocardial viability.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The possibility that enoximone, a nonglycoside, noncatechol, positive inotropic agent, in combination with 2-dimensional echocardiography may predict recovery of myocardial dysfunction after revascularization has not been yet evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Forty-five patients with chronic coronary artery disease and left ventricular dysfunction underwent dobutamine (DE, 5 to 10 microg. kg(-1). min(-1)) and enoximone (EE, 1.5 mg/kg, over 10 minutes) echocardiography. Myocardial wall motion was scored from 1 (normal) to 4 (dyskinesia): an asynergic segment was considered to have contractile enhancement when the score decreased by >/=1 grade. Of 478 asynergic segments, 216 (45%) exhibited functional recovery after revascularization. Dobutamine- and enoximone-induced contractile enhancement was observed in 41% and 46% of segments, respectively. Compared with DE, EE had higher sensitivity (88% versus 79%, P<0.01) and negative predictive value (90% versus 84%, P<0.05) in predicting functional recovery. The specificity (89% versus 90%) and positive predictive value (87% for both EE and DE) were similar. Concordant interpretation of EE and DE findings was found in 85% (406 of 478) of affected segments. Prerevascularization coronary angiography showed that stenosis severity of vessels supplying areas which only improved with enoximone was significantly greater (89.9%) than that of vessels (77.7%) supplying areas that responded to both agents (P<0.02). Both dobutamine and enoximone increased heart rate (16% and 10%, respectively), whereas enoximone did not cause changes in systolic blood pressure that increased by 14% with dobutamine.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Enoximone echocardiography provides a novel and reliable approach for the prediction of functional recovery after revascularization. Compared with dobutamine echocardiography, the test yields higher sensitivity and induces lesser hemodynamic alterations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Istituto Scientifico/Università San Raffaele, Milan, Italy. lu.chunzeng@hsr.it
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Carlino
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Fragasso
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Maisano
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Margonato
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cappelletti
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Chierchia
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002316:Cardiotonic Agents; D004280:Dobutamine; D004452:Echocardiography; D017335:Enoximone; D006321:Heart / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009200:Myocardial Contraction; D009204:Myocardial Revascularization; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011379:Prognosis; D020127:Recovery of Function; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014022:Tissue Survival; D018487:Ventricular Dysfunction, Left / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D016277:Ventricular Function, Left
chemical_list: D002316:Cardiotonic Agents; D004280:Dobutamine; D017335:Enoximone