[Insulin resistance and glucose transporter].
Insulin stimulates glucose transport in muscle and adipose tissue by promoting the appearance of GLUT4, the main glucose transporter isoform in these tissues, on the cell surface. Insulin resistance is instrumental in pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus and involves decreased glucose transport activity in these tissues. No significant differences are observed between the diabetic and non-diabetic subjects in muscle GLUT4 levels. Polymorphism in the GLUT4 gene, which is very rare, has the same prevalence between subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus and the non-diabetic subjects. The most likely explanation for the insulin resistance is a defect in insulin signaling pathways or GLUT4 intracellular trafficking pathways.
Kurokawa
K
K
Third Department of Internal Medicine, Yamaguchi University, School of Medicine.
Oka
Y
Y
D017667:Adipocytes / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000209:etiology; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D051275:Glucose Transporter Type 4; D006801:Humans; D007333:Insulin Resistance / Q000235:genetics; D009004:Monosaccharide Transport Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D009124:Muscle Proteins; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000378:metabolism; D009154:Mutation
D051275:Glucose Transporter Type 4; D009004:Monosaccharide Transport Proteins; D009124:Muscle Proteins; C495692:SLC2A4 protein, human; D005947:Glucose