title: Phosphine-induced oxidative damage in rats: attenuation by melatonin.
abstract: Phosphine (PH(3)), from hydrolysis of aluminum, magnesium and zinc phosphide, is an insecticide and rodenticide. Earlier observations on PH(3)-poisoned insects, mammals and a mammalian cell line led to the proposed involvement of oxidative damage in the toxic mechanism. This investigation focused on PH(3)-induced oxidative damage in rats and antioxidants as candidate protective agents. Male Wistar rats were treated ip with PH(3) at 2 mg/kg. Thirty min later the brain, liver, and lung were analyzed for glutathione (GSH) levels and lipid peroxidation (as malondialdehyde and 4-hydroxyalkenals) and brain and lung for 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OH-dGuo) in DNA. PH(3) caused a significant decrease in GSH concentration and elevation in lipid peroxidation in brain (36-42%), lung (32-38%) and liver (19-25%) and significant increase of 8-OH-dGuo in DNA of brain (70%) and liver (39%). Antioxidants administered ip 30 min before PH(3) were melatonin, vitamin C, and beta-carotene at 10, 30, and 6 mg/kg, respectively. The PH(3)-induced changes were significantly or completely blocked by melatonin while vitamin C and beta-carotene were less effective or inactive. These findings establish that PH(3) induces and melatonin protects against oxidative damage in the brain, lung and liver of rats and suggest the involvement of reactive oxygen species in the genotoxicity of PH(3).
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Taipei Medical College, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hsu
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Yeh
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Casida
mesh_terms: D000080242:8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine; D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001205:Ascorbic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D004249:DNA Damage / Q000187:drug effects; D003849:Deoxyguanosine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000032:analysis; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism*; D019803:Glutathione Disulfide / Q000378:metabolism; D007306:Insecticides / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000633:toxicity*; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D008168:Lung / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008550:Melatonin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D010720:Phosphines / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000633:toxicity*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D019207:beta Carotene / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D007306:Insecticides; D010720:Phosphines; D019207:beta Carotene; D000080242:8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine; C044646:phosphine; D003849:Deoxyguanosine; D005978:Glutathione; D008550:Melatonin; D001205:Ascorbic Acid; D019803:Glutathione Disulfide