title: A comparative scanning electron microscopic study on the characteristics of demineralized dentin root surface using different tetracycline HCl concentrations and application times.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The use of demineralizing agents has been reported to enhance the degree of connective tissue attachment to denuded roots. Of the agents used, tetracycline HCI has received the most attention.
  
  
  METHODS
  The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare the SEM surface morphology of human root dentin following various concentrations and application times of tetracycline HCl. The surface characteristics were compared and the width of dentin tubule orifices were measured and analyzed. Twelve human teeth were collected and stored in distilled water after soft tissue removal using hand instruments. The apical third of each root was removed and remaining mid-root region was sectioned longitudinally through the root canal following removal of its cementum with a fine diamond bur. A total of 48 dentin specimens were randomly divided into 8 groups for conditioning at different tetracycline HCl concentrations, at 0, 10, 25, 50, 75, 100, 125, and 150 mg/ml. Application times for each group were 1, 3, and 5 minutes. Immediately following treatment procedures, the specimens were rinsed, fixed in GTA-PBF, dehydrated, and prepared for SEM. Each specimen was examined at 2 magnification values, representative fields photographed, and data tested by one-way ANOVA and paired t test statistical analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Our results indicate that the use of tetracycline HCl solution between 50 mg/ml and 150 mg/ml showed a statistically significant opening of dentin tubules. All tetracycline HCl groups at 1, 3, and 5 minutes show smear layer removal from the dentin surface.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Dentin demineralization is not time dependent at all concentrations of tetracycline HCI.
authors.affiliation: University of Istanbul, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Periodontology, Turkey.
authors.forename: A G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Isik
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Tarim
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Hafez
authors.forename: F S
authors.initials: FS
authors.lastname: Yalçin
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Onan
authors.forename: C F
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Cox
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D003648:Decalcification Technique; D003804:Dentin / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D003806:Dentin Permeability / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D008963:Molar; D011897:Random Allocation; D016369:Smear Layer; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D013752:Tetracycline / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D014092:Tooth Root / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000648:ultrastructure
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D013752:Tetracycline