title: Effects of positive intrathoracic pressure on pulmonary and systemic hemodynamics.
abstract: The Frank-Starling Law accounts for many changes in cardiac performance previously attributed to changes in contractility in that changes in contractility might have been incorrectly inferred from changing ventricular function curves (i.e. systolic performance plotted against filling pressure) if diastolic compliance also changed. To apply the Frank-Starling Law in the presence of changing diastolic compliance, it is necessary to measure end-diastolic volume directly or to calculate end-diastolic transmural pressure, which requires that pericardial pressure be known. Under most normal circumstances, increased intrathoracic pressure (and other interventions, such as vasodilators or lower-body negative pressure, that decrease central blood volume) decreases the transmural end-diastolic pressures of both ventricles, their end-diastolic volumes and stroke work. However, when ventricular interaction is significant, the effects of these interventions might be quite different; this may be important in patients with heart-failure. Although these interventions decrease RV transmural pressure, they may increase LV transmural pressure, end-diastolic volume, and thus stroke work by the Frank-Starling mechanism.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, Canada. jtyberg@ucalgary.ca
authors.forename: J V
authors.initials: JV
authors.lastname: Tyberg
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Grant
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kingma
authors.forename: T D
authors.initials: TD
authors.lastname: Moore
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: E R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Belenkie
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D006321:Heart / Q000502:physiology; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008168:Lung / Q000502:physiology; D011175:Positive-Pressure Respiration; D011652:Pulmonary Circulation / Q000502:physiology*; D015656:Respiratory Mechanics / Q000502:physiology