title: Cervical spine injury: a clinical decision rule to identify high-risk patients for helical CT screening.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We aimed to validate the routine use of a clinical decision rule to direct diagnostic imaging of adult blunt trauma patients at high risk for cervical spine injury.
  
  
  METHODS
  We previously developed and have since routinely used a prediction rule based on six clinical parameters to identify patients at greater than 5% risk of cervical spine injury to undergo screening helical CT of the cervical spine. During a 6-month period, 4285 screening imaging studies of the cervical spine were performed in adult blunt trauma patients. Six hundred one patients (398 males, 203 females; age range, 16-100 years; median age, 38 years) underwent helical CT, and the remainder underwent 3684 conventional radiographic examinations. Clinical and report data were extracted from the radiology department database, medical records, and the hospital trauma registry. Abnormal findings were independently confirmed by additional imaging studies, autopsy results, or clinical outcome.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The true-positive cervical spine injury rates in helical CT- and conventional radiography-screened patients who presented directly to our trauma center were 40 (8.7%) of 462 and seven (0.2%) of 3684, respectively. The cervical spine injury rate in patients who were transferred from outside institutions to our trauma center and who underwent helical CT was 37 (26.6%) of 139. This figure included 20 patients already known to have cervical spine fracture.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The clinical decision rule can distinguish patients at high and low risk of cervical spine injury, thus supporting its validity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Harborview Medical Center, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle 98104, USA.
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Hanson
authors.forename: C C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Blackmore
authors.forename: F A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Mann
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Wilson
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002574:Cervical Vertebrae / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000293:injuries*; D003663:Decision Trees; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015601:Injury Severity Score; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D012307:Risk Factors; D013124:Spinal Injuries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D019564:Unnecessary Procedures; D014949:Wounds, Nonpenetrating / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*