title: Effects of lidocaine administration on hemodynamics and cytokine responses to endotoxemia in rabbits.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the effects of lidocaine administration on hemodynamics and cytokine concentrations in Escherichia coli endotoxemia in rabbits.
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomized, prospective laboratory study.
  
  
  METHODS
  University laboratory.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-two Japanese rabbits anesthetized with urethane and ventilated mechanically.
  
  
  METHODS
  Animals were randomly assigned to one of four groups: endotoxemic controls (n = 8), receiving intravenous E. coli endotoxin (0.5 mg/kg bolus) via the mesenteric vein; laparotomy controls (n = 8), treated identically to the endotoxemic controls except for the substitution of 0.9% saline for endotoxin; lidocaine controls (n = 8), treated identically to the laparotomy controls with the addition of intravenous lidocaine (3 mg/kg bolus followed by infusion at 2 mg/kg/hr) administered immediately after the injection of 0.9% saline; and lidocaine-treated rabbits (n = 8), treated identically to the endotoxemic controls with the addition of intravenous lidocaine (3 mg/kg bolus followed by infusion at 2 mg/kg/hr) administered immediately after the injection of endotoxin.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We compared the cardiac output, systemic vascular resistance, blood gases, and plasma cytokine concentrations (tumor necrosis factor, interleukin [IL]-6, and IL-8) for each group. After endotoxin injection, the mean arterial pressure, cardiac output, and systemic vascular resistance decreased progressively in the endotoxemic controls. At 4 hrs after injection, all of the variables except the heart rate and central venous pressure were lower in the endotoxemic controls than in the other groups. At 4 hrs after endotoxin injection, both IL-6 and IL-8 concentrations increased in all groups. However, the mean concentrations of IL-6 and IL-8 in the endotoxemic controls significantly exceeded those in the other groups. No significant differences existed between the laparotomy controls and lidocaine-treated rabbits.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Lidocaine had a profound inhibitory effect on the hemodynamic and cytokine responses to endotoxemia when it was administered immediately after exposure to endotoxin. Our results demonstrate the potential usefulness of lidocaine as an anti-inflammatory agent in endotoxemia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, School of Medicine, Kanazawa University, Japan. taniyan@med.kanazawa-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Taniguchi
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shibata
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Mizukoshi
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001784:Blood Gas Analysis; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood / Q000187:drug effects*; D019446:Endotoxemia / Q000188:drug therapy*; D004927:Escherichia coli Infections / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000187:drug effects*; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000097:blood; D008012:Lidocaine / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011817:Rabbits; D011897:Random Allocation; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D015850:Interleukin-6; D016209:Interleukin-8; D008012:Lidocaine