[Incidence of occupational diseases in Poland].
The paper is aimed at presenting the incidence of occupational diseases in Poland. The analysis was performed on the basis of the information included in 'occupational disease certificates'. All sanitary and epidemiological stations throughout the country are committed to send these certificates to the Central Register of Occupational Medicine in The Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine in Lódź. The incidence of occupational diseases during the three recent years (1996-97-98) was the subject of a thorough analysis. In all, 11,318, 11,685 and 12,017 cases of occupational diseases, respectively were registered over those three years. The corresponding rates were 116.0, 116.9 and 117.3, respectively per 100,000 people employed. In 1998, diseases of the voice organ predominated (30.4%) of all occupational diseases) and they were followed by hearing impairment (28.2%), infectious and parasitic diseases (9.9%), pneumoconioses (8.2%), dermatoses (6.4%), vibratory syndrome (2.9%) and poisoning (2.5%). These disease categories constituted over 88% of all occupational diseases registered in that year. Diseases of the voice organ which showed the greatest growth dynamic were mainly diagnosed among teachers. Neither in the United States nor in the member states of the European Union, this pathology is included into the list of occupational diseases. In view of high rates of its incidence in our country it has become one of essential problems of occupational medicine. In Poland, particular attention is paid to infectious and parasitic diseases among which hepatitis occupies the first place (65%), mostly among health service workers. The decrease in hepatitis incidence observed in the 1990s has been due to an intensive vaccination programme in this group of workers. The incidence of occupational hepatitis became rather stable and accounted for 940 cases per year, however the incidence of hepatitic C increased at the same time. Lower rates of incidence of 'classic' occupational diseases, such as poisoning, pneumoconioses or vibratory syndrome are a positive observation. It is also interesting to note that the rate of occupational diseases diagnosed in advanced stage has also diminished. When analyzing occupational diseases one should bear in mind that the majority of pathologies already diagnosed result from long-term effect of exposure to harmful factors. In all, 93% of cases of occupational diseases emerged after a ten-year exposure. The highest rates, taking account of sections of activity, were found in mining and quarrying, health service, agriculture, hunting and forestry.
Szeszenia-Dabrowska
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Zakładu Epidemiologii Srodowiskowej, Instytutu Medycyny Pracy, Lodzi.
Szymczak
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W
D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009784:Occupational Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011044:Poland / Q000453:epidemiology; D012189:Retrospective Studies