title: Bacillus thuringiensis delta-endotoxin Cry1C domain III can function as a specificity determinant for Spodoptera exigua in different, but not all, Cry1-Cry1C hybrids.
abstract: In order to test our hypothesis that Bacillus thuringiensis delta-endotoxin Cry1Ca domain III functions as a determinant of specificity for Spodoptera exigua, regardless of the origins of domains I and II, we have constructed by cloning and in vivo recombination a collection of hybrid proteins containing domains I and II of various Cry1 toxins combined with domain III of Cry1Ca. Cry1Ab, Cry1Ac, Cry1Ba, Cry1Ea, and Cry1Fa all become more active against S. exigua when their domain III is replaced by (part of) that of Cry1Ca. This result shows that domain III of Cry1Ca is an important and versatile determinant of S. exigua specificity. The toxicity of the hybrids varied by a factor of 40, indicating that domain I and/or II modulate the activity as well. Cry1Da-Cry1Ca hybrids were an exception in that they were not significantly active against S. exigua or Manduca sexta, whereas both parental proteins were highly toxic. Incidentally, in a Cry1Ba-Cry1Ca hybrid, Cry1Ca domain III can also strongly increase toxicity for M. sexta.
authors.affiliation: Plant Research International, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands. R.A.deMaagd@plant.wag-ur.nl
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: de Maagd
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Weemen-Hendriks
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Stiekema
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bosch
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001413:Bacillus thuringiensis / Q000378:metabolism*; D000083722:Bacillus thuringiensis Toxins; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity; D001427:Bacterial Toxins; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D004731:Endotoxins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity; D006460:Hemolysin Proteins; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010572:Pest Control, Biological; D010957:Plasmids / Q000235:genetics; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity; D011995:Recombination, Genetic; D013045:Species Specificity; D018411:Spodoptera; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship
chemical_list: D000083722:Bacillus thuringiensis Toxins; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D001427:Bacterial Toxins; D004731:Endotoxins; D006460:Hemolysin Proteins; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; C030956:insecticidal crystal protein, Bacillus Thuringiensis