title: Gingerol, isoproterenol and ouabain normalize impaired post-rest behavior but not force-frequency relation in failing human myocardium.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Rest- and stimulation frequency-dependent potentiation of contractile force is blunted in failing human myocardium. These alterations have been related to reduced sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca(2+)-reuptake and enhanced transsarcolemmal Ca(2+)-elimination by Na+/Ca(2+)-exchange. We investigated whether inotropic interventions that enhance SR Ca(2+)-uptake, or reduce Ca(2+)-elimination by Na+/Ca(2+)-exchange, normalize impaired post-rest and force-frequency behavior in left ventricular muscle strips from failing human hearts.
  
  
  METHODS
  We tested the influence of [10]-gingerol which activates SR Ca(2+)-ATPase (10 mumol/l; n = 13), and isoproterenol which activates cAMP-dependent pathways (0.01, 0.1, 1 mumol/l; n = 40) on post-rest and force-frequency behavior. Ouabain which blocks Na+/K(+)-ATPase (0.03 mumol/l; n = 16) was used to test the effects of inhibiting Ca(2+)-elimination by Na+/Ca(2+)-exchange. For comparison, the effects of blocking SR Ca(2+)-uptake by thapsigargin (10 mumol/l; n = 14) were tested. In addition, Ca(2+)-uptake in myocardial homogenates was measured for gingerol (10 mumol/l; n = 6).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Gingerol, isoproterenol (0.1, 1 mumol/l) and ouabain exerted significant positive inotropic effects under basal experimental conditions and normalized post-rest behavior. In contrast, force-frequency relation was only slightly improved by gingerol and isoproterenol (0.01 mumol/l). Ouabain and isoproterenol (1 mumol/l) further deteriorated force-frequency relation due to frequency-dependent significant increases in diastolic tension. Thapsigargin exerted negative inotropic effects and significantly deteriorated post-rest and force-frequency behavior. In addition, gingerol increased SR Ca(2+)-uptake significantly in myocardial homogenates.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Inotropic interventions that stimulate SR Ca(2+)-ATPase or inhibit Na+/Ca(2+)-exchange normalize impaired post-rest behavior. Force-frequency behavior is only slightly improved by stimulation of SR Ca(2+)-ATPase but not by inhibition of Na+/Ca(2+)-exchange. This dissociation between post-rest and force-frequency behavior results from diastolic dysfunction at high stimulation rates.
authors.affiliation: Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Abteilung Kardiologie und Pneumologie, Germany.
authors.forename: L S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Maier
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Schwan
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Schillinger
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Minami
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Schütt
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Pieske
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism*; D000252:Calcium-Transporting ATPases / Q000378:metabolism; D002316:Cardiotonic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002396:Catechols; D000242:Cyclic AMP / Q000378:metabolism; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D005233:Fatty Alcohols / Q000494:pharmacology; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007545:Isoproterenol / Q000494:pharmacology; D008875:Middle Aged; D009200:Myocardial Contraction / Q000187:drug effects*; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism*; D010042:Ouabain / Q000494:pharmacology; D012519:Sarcoplasmic Reticulum / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology; D000254:Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D013268:Stimulation, Chemical; D019284:Thapsigargin / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D002316:Cardiotonic Agents; D002396:Catechols; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D005233:Fatty Alcohols; D010042:Ouabain; D019284:Thapsigargin; C007845:gingerol; D000242:Cyclic AMP; D000252:Calcium-Transporting ATPases; D000254:Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase; D007545:Isoproterenol; D002118:Calcium