title: The effect of changing the mode of ventilation on the arterial-to-end-tidal CO2 difference and physiological dead space in laterally and dorsally recumbent horses during halothane anesthesia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effect of changing the mode of ventilation from spontaneous to controlled on the arterial-to-end-tidal CO2 difference [P(a-ET)CO2] and physiological dead space (VD(phys)/VT) in laterally and dorsally recumbent halothane-anesthetized horses. STUDY DESIGN; Prospective, experimental, nonrandomized trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seven mixed breed adult horses (1 male and 6 female) weighing 320 +/- 11 kg.
  
  
  METHODS
  Horses were anesthetized in 2 positions-right lateral and dorsal recumbency-with a minimum interval of 1 month. Anesthesia was maintained with halothane in oxygen for 180 minutes. Spontaneous ventilation (SV) was used for 90 minutes followed by 90 minutes of controlled ventilation (CV). The same ventilator settings were used for both laterally and dorsally recumbent horses. Arterial blood gas analysis was performed every 30 minutes during anesthesia. End-tidal CO2 (PETCO2) was measured continuously. P(a-ET)CO2 and VD(phys)NT were calculated. Statistical analysis included analysis of variance for repeated measures over time, followed by Student-Newman-Keuls test. Comparison between groups was performed using a paired t test; P < .05 was considered significant.
  
  
  RESULTS
  P(a-ET)CO2 and VD(phys)/VT increased during SV, whereas CV reduced these variables. The variables did not change significantly throughout mechanical ventilation in either group. Dorsally recumbent horses showed greater P(a-ET)CO2 and VD(phys)/VT values throughout. PaCO2 was greater during CV in dorsally positioned horses.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Changing the mode of ventilation from spontaneous to controlled was effective in reducing P(a-ET)CO2 and physiological dead space in both laterally and dorsally recumbent halothane-anesthetized horses. Dorsal recumbency resulted in greater impairment of effective ventilation. Capnometry has a limited value for accurate estimation of PaCO2 in anesthetized horses, although it may be used to evaluate pulmonary function when paired with arterial blood gas analysis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Surgery and Anesthesiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo State, Botucatu, Brazil.
authors.forename: F J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Neto
authors.forename: S P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Luna
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Massone
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Thomassian
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Vargas
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Junior
authors.forename: B B
authors.initials: BB
authors.lastname: D'Utra Vaz
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Crocci
mesh_terms: D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation; D000818:Animals; D005260:Female; D006221:Halothane; D006736:Horses / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D011187:Posture; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012121:Respiration, Artificial / Q000662:veterinary*; D012126:Respiratory Dead Space / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation; D006221:Halothane