title: Inhibition of inducible nitric oxide synthase lowers the cochlear damage by lipopolysaccharide in guinea pigs.
abstract: Endotoxin-treated cochleas of the guinea pig were examined electrophysiologically and immunohistochemically concerning the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS/NOS II). One mg of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 5 mg/ml) or mixed solution of 1 mg of LPS plus 1 mg of N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME, 5 mg/ml) (L-NAME/LPS) was injected into the middle ear of guinea pigs transtympanically. The electrocochleograms were measured prior to, immediately and 48 h after the injection. Immunohistological studies for iNOS followed after fixation, embedding and sectioning of the temporal bones. The threshold and amplitude of the compound action potential (CAP) became significantly worse in the LPS treated group. In contrast, the changes of the threshold and amplitude of CAP were decreased in the L-NAME/LPS group. iNOS was expressed in the stria vascularis, the spiral ligament, the organ of Corti and the spiral ganglion in the LPS group. These immunoreactivities in the L-NAME/LPS group were less intense than that in the LPS group. These results indicate that LPS has an ototoxic effect on the cochlea and that this effect could be mediated by iNOS produced high nitric oxide under inflammatory conditions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, University of Cologne, Germany. BXP02646@nifty.ne.jp
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hess
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Bloch
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Michel
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003051:Cochlea / Q000201:enzymology; D015834:Cochlear Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000517:prevention & control*; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006168:Guinea Pigs; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000008:administration & dosage; D019331:NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000032:analysis / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II
chemical_list: D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D019331:NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester