title: Anticoagulative management of patients requiring left ventricular assist device implantation and suffering from heparin-induced thrombocytopenia type II.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia type II (HIT II) is a rare but life-threatening side effect of heparin therapy. We describe the perioperative anticoagulative management of patients tested positive for HIT II and requiring implantation of a left ventricular assist device (LVAD).
  
  
  METHODS
  We report on 3 patients with a different perioperative anticoagulative management (preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative anticoagulation with danaparoid-sodium; preoperative anticoagulation with recombinant hirudin, anticoagulation with danaparoid-sodium intraoperatively and postoperatively; preoperative anticoagulation with recombinant hirudin, intraoperative anticoagulation with heparin, and postoperative anticoagulation with danaparoid-sodium) and discuss the difficulties of the treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Anticoagulation with alternative drugs such as recombinant hirudin and danaparoid-sodium led to serious and life-threatening bleeding complications as well as to thromboembolic events in the first 2 patients. Therefore the third patient underwent LVAD implantation using heparin for intraoperative anticoagulation to avoid administration of high doses of recombinant hirudin or danaparoid-sodium. Despite very low anti-factor Xa activities, when using danaparoid-sodium postoperatively, the patient suffered from a bleeding complication on the 4th day after LVAD implantation requiring reexploration.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In selected cases (negative heparin-induced platelet aggregation (HIPA) test at the time of LVAD implantation and continuation of postoperative anticoagulation with recombinant hirudin or danaparoid-sodium), heparin may be used for LVAD implantation in HIT II patients to reduce bleeding complications.
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Germany.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Christiansen
authors.forename: U R
authors.initials: UR
authors.lastname: Jahn
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Meyer
authors.forename: H H
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Scheld
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Van Aken
authors.forename: B E
authors.initials: BE
authors.lastname: Kehrel
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hammel
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002809:Chondroitin Sulfates / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003871:Dermatan Sulfate / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004338:Drug Combinations; D005260:Female; D006353:Heart-Assist Devices; D006493:Heparin / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006497:Heparan Sulfate / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D024764:Hirudin Therapy; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013921:Thrombocytopenia / Q000139:chemically induced*
chemical_list: D000925:Anticoagulants; D002809:Chondroitin Sulfates; D003871:Dermatan Sulfate; D004338:Drug Combinations; D006493:Heparin; D006497:Heparan Sulfate; C035838:danaparoid