title: Urinary tissue polypeptide-specific antigen for the diagnosis of bladder cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the diagnostic characteristics of the urinary measurement of cytokeratin tissue polypeptide-specific antigen (TPS) for the detection of bladder cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three hundred thirty-five individuals in five groups were studied: group 1, subjects with microhematuria under suspicion for primary bladder cancer; group 2, patients being followed up with scheduled cystoscopic examinations; group 3, patients in follow-up receiving chemotherapy instillations; group 4, patients with other urologic diseases; and group 5, healthy subjects. Urine samples belonging to subjects from groups 1, 2, and 3 were collected immediately before cystoscopy. Additionally, patients from groups 2 and 3 were monitored with urinary TPS for a minimum period between two cystoscopies. TPS was measured by an enzyme immunosorbent assay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Receiver operating characteristic analysis gave a sensitivity of 64% and a specificity of 84% at a threshold value of 279 U/L. The positive and negative predictive value was 66% and 82%, respectively; accuracy was 77%. TPS could discriminate the presence of bladder tumor sooner than the scheduled cystoscopies in 9 of 19 follow-up patients with recurrence. False-positive results during follow-up were found in 112 urine samples, one third of which were associated with urinary tract infections. TPS did not appear to be specific for bladder cancer, with elevated results in 45% of patients from group 4, which might lead to clinical misinterpretation of urinary TPS results.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Urinary TPS might provide additional information for the detection of bladder cancer as an adjunct to cystoscopy. Considering the false-positive rates, different urologic diseases should be ruled out before making clinical decisions on the basis of elevated urinary TPS results.
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Bioquímica, Laboratorio de Marcadores Tumorales, Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sánchez-Carbayo
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Urrutia
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Romaní
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: García
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Alférez
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: González deBuitrago
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Navajo
mesh_terms: D000283:Administration, Intravesical; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000652:urine*; D003558:Cystoscopy; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D010455:Peptides / Q000652:urine*; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012372:ROC Curve; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology / Q000652:urine
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D010455:Peptides; C089984:tissue polypeptide specific antigen