title: Low-dose aprotinin is ineffective to treat excessive bleeding after cardiopulmonary bypass.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Uncontrolled clinical experience at our institution suggested that low-dose aprotinin could control excessive bleeding after cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). A randomized clinical trial was conducted to determine the efficacy of low-dose aprotinin in the treatment of hemorrhage after cardiac surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred seventy-one patients undergoing cardiac surgery with CPB were included. Forty-four patients (26%) bled significantly in the intensive care unit (>100 mL/h) and received either aprotinin (200,000 KIU bolus + 100,000 KIU/h for 8 hours) or placebo in addition to our standard management of excessive bleeding.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Median bleeding before study drug administration was not different between aprotinin (200 mL) and placebo (212.5 mL) groups. Bleeding decreased significantly with time and similarly in both groups. Ninety-five percent of patients required transfusions in both groups. Median blood products transfused were 13 and 8 units per patient in the aprotinin and placebo groups respectively (p = NS).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Routine administration of low-dose aprotinin as part of the treatment protocol to control hemorrhage after CPB does not reduce bleeding or transfusion requirements and, therefore, cannot be recommended.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesia, Montreal Heart Institute, Quebec, Canada.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Forestier
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bélisle
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Robitaille
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Martineau
authors.forename: L P
authors.initials: LP
authors.lastname: Perrault
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Hardy
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D007611:Aprotinin / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002315:Cardiopulmonary Bypass / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006490:Hemostatics / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019106:Postoperative Hemorrhage / Q000188:drug therapy*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D017211:Treatment Failure
chemical_list: D006490:Hemostatics; D007611:Aprotinin