title: Association between postnatal catch-up growth and obesity in childhood: prospective cohort study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To identify predictors of postnatal catch-up growth from birth to two years and its relation to size and obesity at five years.
  
  
  METHODS
  Regional prospective cohort study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Avon longitudinal study of pregnancy and childhood, United Kingdom.
  
  
  METHODS
  848 full term singletons from a 10% random sample of the Avon longitudinal study of pregnancy and childhood.
  
  
  METHODS
  Maternal birth weight, prepregnancy weight, pregnancy weight gain, height, smoking, and parity, and paternal height. Weight and length of infants at birth, two years, and five years expressed as standard deviation (SD) scores from the UK reference scores for 1990. Percentage fat mass and total fat mass (estimated from skinfolds) and waist circumference at five years.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Size at birth was representative of the national reference. Overall, 30. 7% (260 of 848) of infants showed a gain in SD score for weight greater than 0.67 SD scores between zero and two years, indicating clinically significant catch-up growth. These children had lower weight, length, and ponderal index at birth than other children, and were more often from primiparous pregnancies. They also had taller fathers than other children, and their mothers had lower birth weights and were more likely to smoke during pregnancy. Children who showed catch-up growth between zero and two years were heavier, taller, and fatter (body mass index, percentage body fat, and waist circumference) at five years than other children.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this contemporary well nourished cohort, catch-up growth was predicted by factors relating to intrauterine restraint of fetal growth. Children who showed catch-up growth between zero and two years were fatter and had more central fat distribution at five years than other children. Mechanisms that signal and regulate early catch-up growth in the postnatal period may influence associations between small size at birth and risks for disease in adulthood.
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU.
authors.forename: K K
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Ong
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Ahmed
authors.forename: P M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Emmett
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Preece
authors.forename: D B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Dunger
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001724:Birth Weight; D001824:Body Constitution; D001835:Body Weight; D001942:Breast Feeding; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D005317:Fetal Growth Retardation / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006128:Growth / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007230:Infant, Low Birth Weight / Q000254:growth & development*; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D009765:Obesity / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D010298:Parity; D011247:Pregnancy; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012885:Skinfold Thickness; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects; D015430:Weight Gain