title: Apoptosis in breast carcinoma.
abstract: Apoptosis may play a major role in determining tumor growth and aggressiveness. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between apoptosis, expression of bcl-2 and p53 proteins, proliferation index, and other clinicopathological features of breast carcinoma. Sixty-five formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue sections from invasive ductal breast carcinomas were studied for the presence of apoptosis by the terminaldeoxynucleotidyl-transferase-mediated dUTP-FITC nick end-labeling (TUNEL) method. Immunohistochemical methods were also used to determine the expression of estrogen receptor, Ki67, bcl-2 and p53 proteins. The number of apoptotic cells ranged from 2.0 to 236.0/10HPF (mean 36.26, median 28.0). The observation of 30 apoptotic cells/10HPF was more common in tumors > 3 cm, of histological grade III, with a high mitotic index, Ki67 index > or = 300, and p53 positivity; however, statistical significance was found only for the histological grade. Grade I and III tumors displayed an inverse association between the apoptotic index and bcl-2 and p53 protein expressions; grade I tumors frequently expressed bcl-2 (19/28), lacked p53 (20/28), and presented a low number of apoptotic cells (18/28), whereas grade III tumors tended to express p53 (12/17), lacked bcl-2 (13/17), and displayed a high number of apoptotic cells/10HPF (12/17). Multivariate analysis for survival revealed that estrogen receptors and apoptosis were independent variables. These data suggest that apoptosis, rather than proliferation index or expression of bcl-2 or p53 proteins, is an independent factor for the prognosis of survival.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, Faculty of Medicine, Seville, Spain.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: González-Cámpora
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Galera Ruiz
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Vázquez Ramírez
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Ríos Martín
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Fernández Santos
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Ramos Martos
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gómez Pascual
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D017209:Apoptosis; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology*; D018270:Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast / Q000378:metabolism / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D017403:In Situ Hybridization; D020287:In Situ Nick-End Labeling; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen / Q000378:metabolism; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / Q000378:metabolism; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen / Q000378:metabolism; D015996:Survival Rate; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D019394:Ki-67 Antigen; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53