title: Physiologic responses to laparoscopic aortofemoral bypass grafting in an animal model.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To measure and compare the physiologic, metabolic, and hemodynamic responses to aortofemoral bypass grafting by three techniques: open or conventional laparotomy, laparoscopic-assisted (minilaparotomy), and totally laparoscopic grafting.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-four laboratory-bred hounds were randomized to one of three groups (open, laparoscopic-assisted, or totally laparoscopic). Four sets of parameters were measured: hemodynamic (intraoperative continuous cardiac output monitoring), inflammatory or hematologic (serial leukocyte and platelet levels), metabolic responses (serial blood glucose, serum cortisol and insulin, plasma epinephrine, plasma norepinephrine, and dopamine levels), and catabolic (24-hour urinary nitrogen excretion).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cardiac output increased transiently with aortic cross-clamping, more in the laparoscopic-assisted and total laparoscopic groups than in the open group, but the differences were not significant. White blood counts nearly doubled within 12 hours of surgery but were similar in all three groups. Platelet counts decreased significantly in all three groups, but no significant intergroup effects were observed. Metabolic parameters (e.g., blood glucose, cortisol, and catecholamine) rose significantly during surgery but fell to normal within 24 hours, with no important difference between groups. For the first 24 hours, urinary urea excretion fell by 50% but returned to normal by 7 days in all three groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In the experimental animal model, the hemodynamic, hematologic, and metabolic responses to laparoscopic and laparoscopic-assisted aortofemoral bypass grafting are similar to those produced by conventional laparotomy graft placement. These data call into question whether laparoscopic techniques for aortic surgery have a significant physiologic advantage in humans.
authors.affiliation: Division of Vascular Surgery, Mayo Clinic and Mayo Medical School, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Byrne
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Hallett
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Ilstrup
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D019917:Blood Vessel Prosthesis Implantation / Q000379:methods; D002302:Cardiac Output; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004285:Dogs; D004298:Dopamine / Q000097:blood; D004837:Epinephrine / Q000097:blood; D005069:Evaluation Studies as Topic; D006439:Hemodynamics; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000097:blood; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D010535:Laparoscopy; D019060:Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures; D011897:Random Allocation; D014508:Urea / Q000652:urine
chemical_list: D007328:Insulin; D014508:Urea; D004298:Dopamine; D006854:Hydrocortisone; D004837:Epinephrine