Regulation of mammary epithelial cell phenotypes by the helix-loop-helix protein, Id-1.
Mammary epithelial cells undergo cycles of proliferation, invasion, differentiation and apoptotic cell-death throughout adult life. The molecular mechanisms that regulate these complex and co-ordinated developmental programs are poorly understood. We have identified Id-1 protein, a negative regulator of basic helix-loop-helix transcription factors, as a critical regulator of these normal mammary epithelial cell phenotypes. We also found that Id-1 is an important regulator of the aggressive and invasive phenotype, as well as mediator of the effects of sex steroid hormones, in human breast cancer cells.
Lin
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Geraldine Brush Cancer Research Institute, California Pacific Medical Center, San Francisco 94115, USA.
Parrinello
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Campisi
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Desprez
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D000818:Animals; D001940:Breast / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D004967:Estrogens; D004971:Estrus; D005260:Female; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D018257:Helix-Loop-Helix Motifs / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D051798:Inhibitor of Differentiation Protein 1; D008321:Mammary Glands, Animal / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism; D008597:Menstrual Cycle; D051379:Mice; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D009376:Neoplasms, Hormone-Dependent / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D010641:Phenotype; D051381:Rats; D012097:Repressor Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D014162:Transfection; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
D004967:Estrogens; C497453:ID1 protein, human; C497454:ID1 protein, rat; C497455:Idb1 protein, mouse; D051798:Inhibitor of Differentiation Protein 1; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D012097:Repressor Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors