title: Prevalence of anti-protein S antibodies in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the prevalence of circulating anti-protein S (anti-PS) antibodies in association with PS deficiency in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).
  
  
  METHODS
  Plasma was obtained from blood samples collected from 27 patients with SLE (5 men, 22 women; mean +/- SD age 32 +/- 10 years). Anti-PS antibodies were detected by immunoblotting according to a previously described method. Levels of free and total PS antigen were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. PS activity was assayed by a clotting method. Levels of C4b binding protein (C4bBP) were measured by latex immunoassay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among 27 patients with SLE, 19 (70.4%) had PS activity, and 12 (44.4%) had PS free antigen below the lower limit established for a normal population (mean -2SD). There was good correlation between PS activity and levels of PS free antigen (r = 0.851, P < 0.001), PS total antigen (r = 0.743, P < 0.001), and C4bBP (r = 0.597, P = 0.001). Circulating anti-PS antibodies and antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL) (IgG type) were detected in 7 (25.9%) and 14 (51.9%) of the 27 patients with SLE, respectively. Only 1 patient (3.7%) had both anti-PS antibodies and aPL. PS activities in patients who were positive for anti-PS antibodies (mean 38.7%) tended to be lower than those in patients who were negative for anti-PS antibodies (mean 54.9%), but the difference was not statistically significant.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Anti-PS antibodies, independently of aPL, may play a role in the occurrence of PS deficiency in some patients with SLE, with possible effects on the function of PS that do not change the levels of PS antigens.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Pathology, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: K S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: Y S
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: H K
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000906:Antibodies / Q000097:blood*; D000941:Antigens / Q000097:blood; D016736:Antiphospholipid Syndrome / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008180:Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D015995:Prevalence; D017293:Protein S / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D018455:Protein S Deficiency / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D000906:Antibodies; D000941:Antigens; D017293:Protein S