title: Controlled trial of pharmacist intervention in general practice: the effect on prescribing costs.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  It has been suggested that the employment of pharmacists in general practice might moderate the growth in prescribing costs. However, empirical evidence for this proposition has been lacking. We report the results of a controlled trial of pharmacist intervention in United Kingdom general practice.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether intervention practices made savings relative to controls.
  
  
  METHODS
  An evaluation of an initiative set up by Doncaster Health Authority. Eight practices agreed to take part and received intensive input from five pharmacists for one year (September 1996 to August 1997) at a cost of 163,000 Pounds. Changes in prescribing patterns were investigated by comparing these practices with eight individually matched controls for both the year of the intervention and the previous year. Prescribing data (PACTLINE) were used to assess these changes. The measures used to take account of differences in the populations of the practices included the ASTRO-PU for overall prescribing and the STAR-PU for prescribing in specific therapeutic areas. Differences between intervention and control practices were subjected to Wilcoxon matched-pairs, signed-ranks tests.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The median (minimum to maximum) rise in prescribing costs per ASTRO-PU was 0.85 Pound (-1.95 Pounds to 2.05 Pounds) in the intervention practices compared with 2.55 Pounds (1.74 Pounds to 4.65 Pounds) in controls (P = 0.025). Had the cost growth of the intervention group been as high as that of the controls, their total prescribing expenditure would have been around 347,000 Pounds higher.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study suggests that the use of pharmacists did control prescribing expenditure sufficiently to offset their employment costs.
authors.affiliation: Division of General Practice, Medical School, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rodgers
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Avery
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Meechan
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Briant
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Geraghty
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Doran
authors.forename: D K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Whynes
mesh_terms: D003157:Community Pharmacy Services / Q000191:economics*; D003365:Costs and Cost Analysis; D004358:Drug Therapy / Q000191:economics*; D004739:England; D005069:Evaluation Studies as Topic; D005194:Family Practice / Q000191:economics*; D006801:Humans; D011364:Professional Practice