title: Tuberculosis surveillance in immigrants through health undertakings in Western Australia.
abstract: METHODS
  Tuberculosis Control Program, Western Australia.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To assess the effectiveness and efficiency of tuberculosis (TB) surveillance in immigrants.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective descriptive analysis of records of immigrants who first registered with the Tuberculosis Program from January 1994 to December 1995, having entered Western Australia on health undertakings (nonlegal contracts signed by those determined during premigration screening to require post-arrival evaluation).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 1,344 immigrants on health undertakings for TB in the period, 587 (44%) had findings directly related to TB through pre-migration screening, 69 of whom required treatment for active disease. Another 443 (33%) had chest X-ray changes for which TB could not be excluded. Of the remaining 314 (23%), 172 had poor quality X-rays. Post-arrival assessment and follow-up of the whole group detected four of seven additional cases of active TB, 373 persons (28%) requiring on-going surveillance, 667 (50%) with non-TB conditions and 280 (21%) with normal chest X-rays.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Migrant surveillance for TB in Australia is effective in detecting active disease and identifying a high-risk subgroup requiring further evaluation. Efficiency can be improved and high compliance achieved with simple administrative changes. Routine pre-migration Mantoux testing is inappropriate, and its inclusion in post-arrival assessments should be a national policy decision.
authors.affiliation: Tuberculosis Control Programme, Perth Chest Clinic, Western Australia. Shing.Pang@health.wa.gov.au
authors.forename: S C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Pang
authors.forename: R H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Harrison
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Brearley
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Jegathesan
authors.forename: A S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Clayton
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004641:Emigration and Immigration; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008875:Middle Aged; D011159:Population Surveillance; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014376:Tuberculosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D014904:Western Australia / Q000453:epidemiology