title: The effect of upper blepharoplasty on eyelid position when performed concomitantly with Müller muscle-conjunctival resection.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the effect on eyelid elevation of excising excess skin, orbicularis oculi muscle, and herniated orbital fat and reconstructing the upper eyelid crease (blepharoplasty) concomitant with a Müller muscle-conjunctival resection.
  
  
  METHODS
  The charts of 202 patients who had undergone Müller muscle-conjunctival resection during an 8-year interval were reviewed. Three hundred forty-five eyelids were divided into two groups. Group 1 (n = 162) underwent a Müller muscle-conjunctival resection only, and group 2 (n = 183) had this procedure combined with excision of skin, orbicularis muscle, and herniated orbital fat with upper eyelid crease reconstruction. Each group was divided into three subgroups based on the amount of Müller muscle-conjunctival resection. Subgroup A had resection less than 7.75 mm; subgroup B, resection of 7.75 to 8.75 mm; and subgroup C, resection greater than 8.75 mm. The change in margin reflex distance-1 (MRD1) measurements of the upper eyelid levels (postoperative MRD1 minus preoperative MRD1) were calculated and compared between groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean (+/- standard deviation) change in MRD1 was, respectively, 2.3 +/-1.0 mm and 1.9+/-1.0 mm for groups 1A and 2A; 3.1+/-1.3 mm and 2.1+/-1.2 mm for groups 1B and 2B; and 3.4+/-1.2 mm and 2.8+/-1.3 for groups 1C and 2C.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Blepharoplasty performed concomitant with a Müller muscle-conjunctival resection reduced the anticipated postoperative eyelid elevation by as much as 1 mm. Surgeons who perform these procedures together should be aware that a larger Müller muscle-conjunctival resection may be required to obtain the desired increase in eyelid height postoperatively.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, University of South Alabama, Mobile 36689-0448, USA.
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Putterman
mesh_terms: D019882:Blepharoplasty / Q000379:methods*; D001763:Blepharoptosis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D003228:Conjunctiva / Q000601:surgery*; D005143:Eyelids / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D005152:Facial Muscles / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009801:Oculomotor Muscles / Q000601:surgery*; D013536:Suture Techniques; D016896:Treatment Outcome