title: Lack of effect of sodium nitroprusside on insulin-mediated blood flow and glucose disposal in the elderly.
abstract: Insulin increases skeletal muscle blood flow in healthy young subjects by a nitric oxide (NO)-dependent mechanism. Impairment of this mechanism may contribute to the insulin resistance of normal aging, a state characterized by reduced endothelial production of NO, an attenuated effect of insulin on skeletal muscle blood flow, and resistance to insulin-mediated glucose uptake (IMGU). We tested the hypothesis that the NO donor sodium nitroprusside (SNP) would augment insulin-mediated vasodilation and thus increase IMGU in healthy elderly subjects. Experiments were performed with young (n = 9; age, 25 +/- 1 years; body mass index [BMI], 24 +/- 1 kg/m2) and old (n = 10; age, 78 +/- 2 years; BMI, 25 +/- 1 kg/m2) healthy subjects. Each group underwent two studies in random order. In one study (control), insulin was infused using the euglycemic clamp protocol for 240 minutes at a rate of 40 mU/m2/min (young) and 34 mU/m2/min (old). In the other study (SNP), SNP was coinfused with insulin from 120 to 240 minutes. At regular intervals in each study, blood samples were obtained and calf blood flow was measured using venous occlusion plethysmography. Glucose and insulin values were similar in control and SNP studies in both age groups. In the young, SNP had no effect on blood flow to the calf, but its action in calf resistance vessels augmented insulin-mediated vasodilation, since incremental calf vascular conductance was greater during SNP infusion (control v SNP, 0.027 +/- 0.002 v 0.040 +/- 0.008 mL/100 mL/min/mm Hg, P< .0001). However, SNP had no effect on insulin-mediated glucose disposal. In the elderly, SNP reduced the blood flow to the calf, but this was countered by its effect on calf resistance vessels such that vascular conductance was unaffected (control v SNP, 0.012 +/- 0.003 v 0.011 +/- 0.003 mL/100 mL/min/mm Hg, P = nonsignificant [NS]). Steady-state (180 to 240 minutes) glucose disposal (control v SNP, 7.47 +/- 0.47 v 6.54 +/- 0.56 mg/kg/min, P < .01) rates were significantly lower during SNP infusion. In summary, systemic infusion of SNP did not increase insulin-mediated glucose disposal in either young or old subjects. Thus, the present findings do not support the concept that increasing NO availability will enhance glucose disposal in either age group. However, because the incremental increases in IMGU during SNP infusion paralleled the changes in blood supply to the calf rather than calf vascular conductance, any potential benefits on NO delivery in elderly subjects may have been offset by the direct or reflex effects of systemic hypotension. Other stimuli to NO production that do not cause hypotension must be tested before this therapeutic strategy can be considered as a potential means for enhancing the metabolic actions of insulin in the elderly.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
authors.forename: G S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Meneilly
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Battistini
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Floras
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D016232:Endothelins / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D015309:Glucose Clamp Technique; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D007866:Leg / Q000098:blood supply; D008297:Male; D024510:Muscle Development; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D020030:Nitric Oxide Donors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009599:Nitroprusside / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012039:Regional Blood Flow / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D016232:Endothelins; D007328:Insulin; D020030:Nitric Oxide Donors; D009599:Nitroprusside; D005947:Glucose