title: Differentiating DSM-IV anxiety and depressive disorders in the general population: comorbidity and treatment consequences.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To attempt, for the first time, to apply a positive and differential diagnosis process in the general population during interviews using DSM-IV classification to ascertain the profile and occurrence of concomitant mental disorders.
  
  
  METHODS
  A representative sample of 1832 individuals aged 15 years or older living in the metropolitan area of Toronto were interviewed by means of telephone interviews. The participation rate was 72.8%.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall, 13.2% (n = 242) of the sample had either a mood disorder (n = 127; 6.9%) or an anxiety disorder (n = 170; 9.3%) at the time of their interview. The prevalence was higher among women (16.5%) than among men (9.7%), with an odds ratio of 1.8. The comorbidity of mood and anxiety disorders was found in 3% (n = 55) of the sample. Less than one-third of respondents with a mood and/or anxiety disorder were being treated by a physician for a mental disorder. However, these individuals were greater consumers of health care services. Most of them consulted a physician an average of 5 times in the past year. Individuals on medication diagnosed with a mood and an anxiety disorder consulted a physician an average of 12 times in the past year. Only 13% of them were treated with antidepressants and under 9% with anxiolytics.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  More than 70% of subjects with a mood disorder also complained of insomnia. With the differential process, 12% of the subjects manifesting a full-fledged anxiety disorder were diagnosed with only a mood disorder because the anxiety occurred only in the course of the mood disorder. About two-thirds of the subjects diagnosed in this study were undiagnosed and untreated by their physician.
authors.affiliation: Philippe Pinel Research Center of Montreal, Ontario. mrcohayon@aol.com
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Ohayon
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Shapiro
authors.forename: S H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Kennedy
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000928:Antidepressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001008:Anxiety Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*; D015897:Comorbidity; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011159:Population Surveillance; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D012893:Sleep Wake Disorders / Q000523:psychology
chemical_list: D000928:Antidepressive Agents