title: Single unilateral ectopic bifid ureter with contralateral orthotopic quadrufid ureter--a rare combination.
abstract: This is a report a case with a unilateral single ectopic ureter associated with ipsilateral incomplete duplication of upper third of the ureter, contralateral quadrufid ureter and L3 hemivertebra. These findings provide further evidence of a generalised mesenchymal or epithelial defect, which would explain a defective ureteral bud and metanephric development, besides associated anomalies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Kasturba Medical College Hospital, Manipal (D.K.), India.
authors.forename: A D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Bhandarkar
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Raju
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Rao
mesh_terms: D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D014513:Ureter / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery; D014549:Urinary Incontinence / Q000151:congenital; D014567:Urography