title: HuR binding to cytoplasmic mRNA is perturbed by heat shock.
abstract: AU-rich elements (AREs) located in the 3' untranslated region target the mRNAs encoding many protooncoproteins, cytokines, and lymphokines for rapid degradation. HuR, a ubiquitously expressed member of the embryonic lethal abnormal vision (ELAV) family of RNA-binding proteins, binds ARE sequences and selectively stabilizes ARE-containing reporter mRNAs when overexpressed in transiently transfected cells. HuR appears predominantly nucleoplasmic but has been shown to shuttle between the nucleus and cytoplasm via a novel shuttling sequence HNS. We report generation of a mouse monoclonal antibody 3A2 that both immunoblots and immunoprecipitates HuR protein; it recognizes an epitope located in the first of HuR's three RNA recognition motifs. This antibody was used to probe HuR interactions with mRNA before and after heat shock, a condition that has been reported to stabilize ARE-containing mRNAs. At 37 degrees C, approximately one-third of the cytoplasmic HuR appears polysome associated, and in vivo UV crosslinking reveals that HuR interactions with poly(A)(+) RNA are predominantly cytoplasmic rather than nuclear. This comprises evidence that HuR directly interacts with mRNA in vivo. After heat shock, 12-15% of HuR accumulates in discrete foci in the cytoplasm, but surprisingly the majority of HuR crosslinks instead to nuclear poly(A)(+) RNA, whose levels are dramatically increased in the stressed cells. This behavior of HuR differs from that of another ARE-binding protein, hnRNP D, which has been implicated as an effector of mRNA decay rather than mRNA stabilization and of the general pre-RNA-binding protein hnRNP A1. We interpret these differences to mean that the temporal association of HuR with ARE-containing mRNAs is different from that of these other two proteins.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, 295 Congress Avenue, New Haven, CT 06536, USA.
authors.forename: I E
authors.initials: IE
authors.lastname: Gallouzi
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Brennan
authors.forename: M G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Stenberg
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Swanson
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Eversole
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Maizels
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Steitz
mesh_terms: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000276:immunology; D000918:Antibody Specificity; D000954:Antigens, Surface; D001483:Base Sequence; D003593:Cytoplasm / Q000378:metabolism; D017931:DNA Primers; D051959:ELAV Proteins; D000067780:ELAV-Like Protein 1; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006358:Hot Temperature; D006801:Humans; D011485:Protein Binding; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism*; D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D000954:Antigens, Surface; D017931:DNA Primers; D051959:ELAV Proteins; D000067780:ELAV-Like Protein 1; C098770:ELAVL1 protein, human; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins