title: Malignant peripheral nerve-sheath tumor arising in a previously irradiated neuroblastoma: report of 2 cases and a review of the literature.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Only ten cases of the rare occurrence of a malignant peripheral nerve-sheath tumor (MPNST) arising in a ganglioneuroma either de novo or at a site of previous irradiation have been reported.
  
  
  METHODS
  We present two children who at the age of 19 months and 6 months were diagnosed with a cervicothoracic ganglioneuroblastoma and a retroperitoneal neuroblastoma, respectively. They both received radiation therapy as part of the treatment of their disease.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Following a 12-year interval, MPNST arose inside a benign ganglioneuroma in both patients. We illustrate the imaging findings in these two cases and review the cases reported in the literature to increase awareness of this association among radiologists.
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Navarro
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Nunez-Santos
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Daneman
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Faria
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Daltro
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D018305:Ganglioneuroblastoma / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D009381:Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D018317:Nerve Sheath Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology* / Q000532:radiotherapy; D010525:Peripheral Nerves / Q000528:radiation effects; D010534:Peritoneal Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy; D011878:Radiotherapy / Q000009:adverse effects; D013899:Thoracic Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed