title: Metabolism and disposition of luminol in the rat.
abstract: 1. The metabolism and disposition of Luminol (LMN, 3-aminophthalhydrazide), a widely used forensic and laboratory reagent that chemiluminesses upon oxidation, was determined as part of its overall toxicological characterization. 2. Radiolabelled LMN was well absorbed, metabolized and excreted following p.o. administration of a range of doses. About 90% of the total dose was recovered within 24 h of administration in urine in the form of two metabolites identified as LMN N8-glucuronide and LMN N8-sulphamic acid. 3-Aminophthalic acid, the oxidative product of LMN in the light-emitting reaction, was apparently not formed in vivo. 3. Metabolism and disposition of an i.v. administered dose was similar to that following gavage. Little or no LMN-derived radioactivity was present in tissue within 12 h post-dosing. Excretion of radioactivity in bile following i.v. injection was minimal (approximately 8% of the total dose in 6 h) and consisted of the same urinary-excreted glucuronide and sulphate conjugates. 4. LMN was not absorbed dermally in rat, potentially a major route of exposure to human. If the fate of LMN is similar between species, this compound should have little potential for either dermal absorption, bioaccumulation in tissues following other routes of exposure or chronic toxicity in humans.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Pharmacology and Chemistry, National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA. sandersm@niehs.nih.gov
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Sanders
authors.forename: L J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: L T
authors.initials: LT
authors.lastname: Burka
authors.forename: H B
authors.initials: HB
authors.lastname: Matthews
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D001652:Bile Ducts / Q000187:drug effects; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D005243:Feces; D020719:Glucuronides / Q000378:metabolism / Q000652:urine; D007202:Indicators and Reagents / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000633:toxicity; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D008165:Luminol / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000633:toxicity; D008297:Male; D008956:Models, Chemical; D051381:Rats; D011916:Rats, Inbred F344; D012867:Skin / Q000187:drug effects; D013451:Sulfonic Acids / Q000378:metabolism / Q000652:urine; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D020719:Glucuronides; D007202:Indicators and Reagents; D013451:Sulfonic Acids; C032487:isoluminol; D008165:Luminol; C005741:sulfamic acid