title: Overexpression of PTEN/MMAC1 and decreased activation of Akt in human papillomavirus-infected laryngeal papillomas.
abstract: Laryngeal papillomas are benign, human papillomavirus-induced hyperplastic tumors of the respiratory tract. They are characterized by overexpression of the epidermal growth factor receptor, constitutive activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase, a low proliferative rate, and defects in differentiation. We have now found that phosphoinositol 3-kinase (PI 3-K) activity is significantly increased in papilloma tissue. However, phosphorylated Akt (also known as protein kinase B), a downstream effector of PI 3-K, is reduced when compared with normal tissue. The ratio of activated Akt to total Akt is much lower in papillomas than in normal laryngeal tissue, suggesting decreased Akt activation. PTEN/ MMAC1 is a tumor suppressor that dephosphorylates phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-triphosphate, an intermediate in the PI 3-K/Akt signaling pathway. We have found that PTEN protein is overexpressed in laryngeal papillomas when compared with normal laryngeal tissues. On the basis of reverse transcription-PCR analysis, PTEN mRNA is more abundant in papillomas, suggesting transcriptional up-regulation. We postulate that negative regulation of the PI 3-K/Akt pathway by PTEN may modulate the effects of the hyperactive epidermal growth factor receptor/mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway, contributing to the low proliferation and dysfunctional differentiation of laryngeal papillomas.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, Long Island Jewish Medical Center, The Long Island Campus of the Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New Hyde Park, New York 11040, USA.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: B M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Steinberg
mesh_terms: D004789:Enzyme Activation; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D016147:Genes, Tumor Suppressor; D006801:Humans; D007822:Laryngeal Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000821:virology; D051059:PTEN Phosphohydrolase; D010212:Papilloma / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000821:virology; D027383:Papillomaviridae / Q000302:isolation & purification; D010744:Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins
chemical_list: D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins; C494918:AKT1 protein, human; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D010744:Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases; D051059:PTEN Phosphohydrolase; C494929:PTEN protein, human