title: Computer-assisted carotid plaque analysis: characteristics of plaques associated with cerebrovascular symptoms and cerebral infarction.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  to correlate the echostructural characteristics of carotid plaques with neurological symptoms and cerebral infarcts.
  
  
  METHODS
  one hundred and five plaques were studied in 74 patients by colour-flow duplex ultrasound: 39 were symptomatic and 37 were associated with brain infarction on CT scanning.
  
  
  METHODS
  the images were digitalised for computer-assisted image standardisation and divided in homogenous (n=67) and heterogenous (n=38) groups. Parameters of the plaque image were analysed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  global echogenicity was significantly lower in symptomatic and in CT(+)plaques (p<0.05). For homogenous plaques, an echogenic cap (EC) was visualised in 8.3% of symptomatic vs. 33.9% of asymptomatic (p<0. 05) and in 7.7% for plaques that were CT(+)vs. 37.7% for CT(-)(p<0. 05). Surface disruption was visualised in 50% of symptomatic vs. 8. 5% of asymptomatic (p=0.002) and in 46% of CT(+)vs. 9.4% of CT(-)plaques (p=0.002). For heterogenous plaques, the echolucent region was juxtaluminal in 67% of symptomatic and CT(+)plaques vs. 33% in asymptomatic and CT(-)(p<0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  echolucent plaques are associated with a higher neurological risk. In homogenous plaques the absence of an echogenic cap and disruption of the plaque surface also correlates with symptoms. In heterogenous plaques, juxtaluminal location of the echolucent region is an additional marker of increased risk.
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Pedro
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Pedro
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Gonçalves
authors.forename: T F
authors.initials: TF
authors.lastname: Carneiro
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Balsinha
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Fernandes e Fernandes
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fernandes e Fernandes
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D002339:Carotid Arteries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D016893:Carotid Stenosis / Q000145:classification / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D002544:Cerebral Infarction / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology*; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D003936:Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D018616:Ultrasonography, Doppler, Duplex