title: Modulation of hypoxia-inducible factor 1alpha expression by the epidermal growth factor/phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/PTEN/AKT/FRAP pathway in human prostate cancer cells: implications for tumor angiogenesis and therapeutics.
abstract: Dysregulated signal transduction from receptor tyrosine kinases to phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), AKT (protein kinase B), and its effector FKBP-rapamycin-associated protein (FRAP) occurs via autocrine stimulation or inactivation of the tumor suppressor PTEN in many cancers. Here we demonstrate that in human prostate cancer cells, basal-, growth factor-, and mitogen-induced expression of hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) alpha, the regulated subunit of the transcription factor HIF-1, is blocked by LY294002 and rapamycin, inhibitors of PI3K and FRAP, respectively. HIF-1-dependent gene transcription is blocked by dominant-negative AKT or PI3K and by wild-type PTEN, whereas transcription is stimulated by constitutively active AKT or dominant-negative PTEN. LY294002 and rapamycin also inhibit growth factor- and mitogen-induced secretion of vascular endothelial growth factor, the product of a known HIF-1 target gene, thus linking the PI3K/PTEN/AKT/FRAP pathway, HIF-1, and tumor angiogenesis. These data indicate that pharmacological agents that target PI3K, AKT, or FRAP in tumor cells inhibit HIF-1alpha expression and that such inhibition may contribute to therapeutic efficacy.
authors.affiliation: The Johns Hopkins Oncology Center, Brady Urological Institute, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, USA.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhong
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Chiles
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Feldser
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Laughner
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hanrahan
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Georgescu
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Simons
authors.forename: G L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Semenza
mesh_terms: D002352:Carrier Proteins; D002867:Chromones / Q000494:pharmacology; D016895:Culture Media, Serum-Free / Q000494:pharmacology; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000187:drug effects; D016228:Endothelial Growth Factors / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000494:pharmacology; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D004815:Epidermal Growth Factor / Q000235:genetics / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D000860:Hypoxia / Q000503:physiopathology; D051793:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1; D051795:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit; D020104:Immunophilins / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D008222:Lymphokines / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D009025:Morpholines / Q000494:pharmacology; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic / Q000378:metabolism; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000187:drug effects; D051059:PTEN Phosphohydrolase; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D000081082:Phosphoinositide-3 Kinase Inhibitors; D010744:Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D017853:Phosphotransferases (Alcohol Group Acceptor); D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D058570:TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate / Q000494:pharmacology; D014157:Transcription Factors; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D042442:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors
chemical_list: D002352:Carrier Proteins; D002867:Chromones; D016895:Culture Media, Serum-Free; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D016228:Endothelial Growth Factors; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D004815:Epidermal Growth Factor; D051793:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1; D051795:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit; D020104:Immunophilins; D008222:Lymphokines; D009025:Morpholines; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D051059:PTEN Phosphohydrolase; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; D000081082:Phosphoinositide-3 Kinase Inhibitors; D010744:Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases; D017853:Phosphotransferases (Alcohol Group Acceptor); D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D058570:TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate; D014157:Transcription Factors; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D042442:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors; C497442:HIF1A protein, human; C085911:2-(4-morpholinyl)-8-phenyl-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one; C546842:MTOR protein, human; C494918:AKT1 protein, human; C494929:PTEN protein, human