NOx- concentrations in the rat hippocampus and striatum have no direct relationship to anaesthesia induced by ketamine.
Using microdialysis, we have examined the effects of ketamine on concentrations of total nitric oxide oxidation products (NOx-) in the rat hippocampus and striatum in vivo to investigate the relationship between anaesthesia and NOx- production in the brain. Ketamine 25, 50 and 100 mg kg-1 i.p. increased NOx- concentrations to mean 125 (SD 13)%, 165 (11)% and 193 (13)% of basal, respectively, in the hippocampus and to 122 (12)%, 147 (7)% and 177 (14)% of basal in the striatum. Local perfusion with ketamine 50 and 100 mumol litre-1 into the hippocampus or striatum increased NOx- concentrations to 212 (32)% and 291 (17)% of basal, respectively, in the hippocampus and to 148 (20)% and 201 (18)% of basal in the striatum. Ketamine 50 and 100 mg kg-1 i.p. caused dose-dependent prolongation of loss of the righting reflex (LRR) and 100 mg kg-1 i.p. also caused loss of the corneal reflex (LCR). Local perfusion of ketamine did not provoke LRR or LCR. Inhibition of NOS by L-NAME 100 mg kg-1 i.p. decreased hippocampal NOx- concentrations to 58 (7)% of basal and did not provoke LRR or LCR. Although the effect of ketamine-induced increases in hippocampal NOx- concentrations was significantly depressed by L-NAME, LRR was not affected. These data imply that NOx- concentrations in the hippocampus or striatum have no direct relationship to the anaesthetic efficacy of ketamine, although this requires further investigation.
Wu
J
J
Department of Anaesthesiology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Japan.
Kikuchi
T
T
Wang
Y
Y
Sato
K
K
Okumura
F
F
D000778:Anesthetics, Dissociative / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D003342:Corpus Striatum / Q000378:metabolism*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000378:metabolism*; D007649:Ketamine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D017551:Microdialysis; D019331:NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester / Q000494:pharmacology; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism*; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction / Q000187:drug effects; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley
D000778:Anesthetics, Dissociative; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D007649:Ketamine; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D019331:NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester