title: Mutation induction by mechanical irritation caused by uracil-induced urolithiasis in Big Blue rats.
abstract: Some chronic mechanical irritations induce cancers, and it is speculated that mutations are induced by increased rate of cell proliferation caused by the irritation. In this study, it was investigated using chronic mechanical irritation to urothelium caused by urolithiasis, whether mutations are really induced by such cell proliferation or not. Male rats transgenic for lacI (Big Blue(R) rats), in which lacI mutations accumulated in tissue can be measured, were fed 3% uracil, a component of RNA, to induce urolithiasis associated with papillomatosis, and eventually with bladder cancers. The frequency of independent mutations in the bladders of the treated rats showed 3-5 fold increases at weeks 10, 20, and 51 (P=0.01 at week 51) while the frequency was not elevated at week 2. The mutation frequencies in the control bladders ranged from 3 to 9x10(-6). In both groups, G to A transitions at CpG sites, indicative of spontaneous mutations, constituted the most prevalent mutations. Mechanical irritation caused by uracil was shown to induce a 3-5 fold increase of mutations, possibly through an elevation of spontaneous mutations by vigorous cell proliferation.
authors.affiliation: First Department of Pathology, Nagoya City University Medical School, 1 Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Japan. sattak@med.nagoya-cu.ac.jp
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ikeda
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kimoto
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Okochi
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cui
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nagao
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ushijima
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shirai
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D030801:Animals, Genetically Modified; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D010582:Bacteriophage lambda / Q000235:genetics; D001483:Base Sequence; D004247:DNA / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D004252:DNA Mutational Analysis; D029968:Escherichia coli Proteins; D056968:Lac Repressors; D008297:Male; D016254:Mutagenesis, Insertional; D009152:Mutagenicity Tests; D009154:Mutation / Q000235:genetics*; D017354:Point Mutation; D051381:Rats; D011916:Rats, Inbred F344; D012097:Repressor Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D017384:Sequence Deletion; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D019076:Transgenes / Q000235:genetics; D014498:Uracil / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D014545:Urinary Calculi / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000503:physiopathology*
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D029968:Escherichia coli Proteins; D056968:Lac Repressors; D012097:Repressor Proteins; D014498:Uracil; D004247:DNA