title: Chlorine, chloramine, chlorine dioxide, and ozone susceptibility of Mycobacterium avium.
abstract: Environmental and patient isolates of Mycobacterium avium were resistant to chlorine, monochloramine, chlorine dioxide, and ozone. For chlorine, the product of the disinfectant concentration (in parts per million) and the time (in minutes) to 99.9% inactivation for five M. avium strains ranged from 51 to 204. Chlorine susceptibility of cells was the same in washed cultures containing aggregates and in reduced aggregate fractions lacking aggregates. Cells of the more slowly growing strains were more resistant to chlorine than were cells of the more rapidly growing strains. Water-grown cells were 10-fold more resistant than medium-grown cells. Disinfectant resistance may be one factor promoting the persistence of M. avium in drinking water.
authors.affiliation: Fralin Biotechnology Center, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061-0346, USA.
authors.forename: R H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.forename: J O
authors.initials: JO
authors.lastname: Falkinham
authors.forename: C D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Norton
authors.forename: M W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: LeChevallier
mesh_terms: D017088:AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections / Q000382:microbiology*; D002700:Chloramines / Q000494:pharmacology; D002713:Chlorine / Q000494:pharmacology; D017606:Chlorine Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology; D003470:Culture Media; D004202:Disinfectants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D015269:Mycobacterium avium Complex / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D015270:Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare Infection / Q000382:microbiology*; D010087:Oxides / Q000494:pharmacology; D010126:Ozone / Q000494:pharmacology; D014867:Water; D014871:Water Microbiology; D014881:Water Supply
chemical_list: D002700:Chloramines; D017606:Chlorine Compounds; D003470:Culture Media; D004202:Disinfectants; D010087:Oxides; D014867:Water; D002713:Chlorine; D010126:Ozone; C025109:chlorine dioxide; C030816:chloramine