title: Piperazine oestrone sulphate and interrupted norethisterone in postmenopausal women: effects on bone mass, lipoprotein metabolism, climacteric symptoms, and adverse effects.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the effects of two doses of piperazine oestrone sulphate combined with interrupted norethisterone, with that of oestradiol continuously combined with norethisterone acetate, and with placebo, in postmenopausal women.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective randomised trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two hundred postmenopausal women.
  
  
  METHODS
  Monocentre study with expertise in osteoporosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  The participants were randomly assigned to two years of treatment with alternating three-day cycles of 1.5 mg of piperazine oestrone sulphate plus 0.7 mg of norethisterone (highEP), or alternating three-day cycles of 0.75 mg of piperaine oestrone sulphate plus 0.35 mg of norethisterone (lowEP), or 2 mg of 17beta-oestradiol continuously combined with 1 mg of norethisterone acetate (E2+NETA), or placebo.
  
  
  METHODS
  Change in bone mineral density, lipoprotein metabolism, climacteric symptoms, and adverse effects.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One hundred and twenty-one women completed the study. Spinal bone mineral density was increased about 9% over two years by E2+NETA, about 6% by highEP, 4% by lowEP, but remained unchanged in the placebo group. The same pattern was seen in the hip and forearm. All hormone regimens decreased markers of bone turnover and alleviated climacteric symptoms. Serum lipoproteins decreased by about 10% in all hormone groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  All hormone regimens studied prevented bone loss completely and lowered serum lipids.
authors.affiliation: Center for Clinical and Basic Research, Ballerup, Denmark.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Alexandersen
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Byrjalsen
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Christiansen
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015519:Bone Density / Q000187:drug effects*; D002979:Climacteric / Q000187:drug effects*; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D004970:Estrone / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008074:Lipoproteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009640:Norethindrone / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D045167:Progesterone Congeners / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D011446:Prospective Studies
chemical_list: D008074:Lipoproteins; D045167:Progesterone Congeners; D004970:Estrone; C009927:estropipate; D009640:Norethindrone