title: Activity-regulated, cytoskeleton-associated protein (Arc) is essential for visceral endoderm organization during early embryogenesis.
abstract: Activity-regulated, cytoskeleton-associated protein (Arc) was first identified as an immediate-early gene regulated by synaptic activity. We have studied its functional role in vivo using a gene-targeting approach. We found that Arc is encoded by a single exon, and Arc mRNA is ubiquitously expressed in early mouse embryos. Homozygous Arc mutants are severely growth-retarded, fail to gastrulate and subsequently die before day 8.5 of embryogenesis. Further analysis revealed severe disorganization of visceral endoderm formation, and total separation and ectopic location of embryonic and extraembryonic structure. These findings demonstrate that Arc function is essential for early embryo development and patterning in mice, and support the hypothesis that signaling from visceral endoderm is essential for normal patterning of the extraembryonic and embryonic structure.
authors.affiliation: Friedrich Miescher Institute, P.O. Box 2543, 4002, Basel, Switzerland.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bei
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Parmar
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Matus
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D019521:Body Patterning / Q000235:genetics; D003598:Cytoskeletal Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D004707:Endoderm / Q000378:metabolism*; D005091:Exons; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D005804:Genes, Lethal; D008648:Mesoderm / Q000502:physiology; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008815:Mice, Inbred Strains; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D011995:Recombination, Genetic; D014781:Viscera / Q000196:embryology*
chemical_list: D003598:Cytoskeletal Proteins; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; C092069:activity regulated cytoskeletal-associated protein