title: The autoimmune regulator protein has transcriptional transactivating properties and interacts with the common coactivator CREB-binding protein.
abstract: Autoimmune polyendocrinopathy candidiasis ectodermal dystrophy, caused by mutations in the autoimmune regulator (AIRE) gene, is an autosomal recessive autoimmune disease characterized by the breakdown of tolerance to organ-specific antigens. The 545 amino acid protein encoded by AIRE contains several structural motifs suggestive of a transcriptional regulator and bears similarity to cellular proteins involved in transcriptional control. We show here that AIRE fused to a heterologous DNA binding domain activates transcription from a reporter promoter, and the activation seen requires the full-length protein or more than one activation domain. At the structural level AIRE forms homodimers through the NH(2)-terminal domain, and molecular modeling for this domain suggests a four-helix bundle structure. In agreement, we show that the common transcriptional coactivator CREB-binding protein (CBP) interacts with AIRE in vitro and in yeast nuclei through the CH1 and CH3 conserved domains. We suggest that the transcriptional transactivation properties of AIRE together with its interaction with CBP might be important in its function as disease-causing mutations almost totally abolish the activation effect.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Medical Technology, University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, 33101 Tampere, Finland. jp58218@uta.fi
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pitkänen
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Doucas
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sternsdorf
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakajima
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Aratani
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Jensen
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Will
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Vähämurto
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ollila
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vihinen
authors.forename: H S
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Scott
authors.forename: S E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Antonarakis
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kudoh
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Shimizu
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Krohn
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Peterson
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D050882:CREB-Binding Protein; D002460:Cell Line; D019281:Dimerization; D006801:Humans; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016297:Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D011485:Protein Binding; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D015534:Trans-Activators / Q000378:metabolism*; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D015533:Transcriptional Activation; D020798:Two-Hybrid System Techniques; D000096927:AIRE Protein
chemical_list: D050882:CREB-Binding Protein; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D015534:Trans-Activators; D014157:Transcription Factors; D000096927:AIRE Protein; C494363:CREBBP protein, human