title: Early postoperative changes in regional systolic and diastolic left ventricular function after transmyocardial laser revascularization: a comparison of holmium:YAG and CO2 lasers.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to determine the short-term effects of transmyocardial laser revascularization (TMR) on regional left ventricular systolic and diastolic function, myocardial blood flow (MBF) and myocardial water content (MWC).
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Clinical studies of TMR have noted a significant incidence of cardiac complications in the early postoperative period. However, the early post-treatment effects of laser therapy on the myocardium and their potential contribution to postoperative cardiac morbidity are unknown.
  
  
  METHODS
  Swine underwent holmium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet (holmium:YAG) (n = 12) or carbon dioxide (CO2) (n = 12) laser TMR. Regional systolic function for the lased and nonlased regions was quantitated using preload recruitable work area (PRWA) and regional diastolic function with the ventricular stiffness constant alpha.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Preload recruitable work area was significantly decreased in the lased regions both 1 (59.8+/-13.0% of baseline, p = 0.02) and 6 h (64.2+/-9.4% of baseline, p = 0.02) after holmium:YAG TMR. This decreased PRWA was associated with a significant reduction in MBF to the lased regions (13.2% reduction at 1 h, p = 0.02; 18.4% decrease at 6 h post-TMR, p = 0.01). These changes were not seen after CO2 laser TMR. A significant increase in MWC (1.4+/-0.3% increase with holmium:YAG, p = 0.004; 1+/-0.2% increase with CO2, p = 0.002) and alpha (217.4+/-44.2% of baseline 6 h post-holmium:YAG TMR, p = 0.05; 206+/-36.7% of baseline 6 h post-CO2 TMR, p = 0.03) was seen after TMR with both lasers.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In the early postoperative setting, impaired regional systolic function in association with regional ischemia is seen after TMR with a holmium:YAG laser. Both holmium:YAG and CO2 lasers are associated with increased MWC and impaired diastolic relaxation in the lased regions. These changes may explain the significant incidence of early postoperative cardiac morbidity. The impact of these findings on anginal relief and long-term outcome are not known.
authors.affiliation: Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA. chadh@acpub.duke.edu
authors.forename: G C
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Hughes
authors.forename: A S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Shah
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shu
authors.forename: C L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Donovan
authors.forename: D D
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Glower
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Lowe
authors.forename: K P
authors.initials: KP
authors.lastname: Landolfo
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003326:Coronary Circulation / Q000502:physiology; D003971:Diastole / Q000502:physiology*; D053685:Laser Therapy / Q000295:instrumentation*; D009200:Myocardial Contraction / Q000502:physiology; D009204:Myocardial Revascularization / Q000295:instrumentation*; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000503:physiopathology*; D013552:Swine; D013599:Systole / Q000502:physiology*; D016277:Ventricular Function, Left / Q000502:physiology*; D014882:Water-Electrolyte Balance / Q000502:physiology