title: The autocrine mitogenic loop of the ciliate Euplotes raikovi: the pheromone membrane-bound forms are the cell binding sites and potential signaling receptors of soluble pheromones.
abstract: Homologous proteins, denoted pheromones, promote cell mitotic proliferation and mating pair formation in the ciliate Euplotes raikovi, according to whether they bind to cells in an autocrine- or paracrine-like manner. The primary transcripts of the genes encoding these proteins undergo alternate splicing, which generates at least two distinct mRNAs. One is specific for the soluble pheromone, the other for a pheromone isoform that remains anchored to the cell surface as a type II protein, whose extracellular C-terminal region is structurally equivalent to the secreted form. The 15-kDa membrane-bound isoform of pheromone Er-1, denoted Er-1mem and synthesized by the same E. raikovi cells that secrete Er-1, has been purified from cell membranes by affinity chromatography prepared with matrix-bound Er-1, and its extracellular and cytoplasmic regions have been expressed as recombinant proteins. Using the purified material and these recombinant proteins, it has been shown that Er-1mem has the property of binding pheromones competitively through its extracellular pheromone-like domain and associating reversibly and specifically with a guanine nucleotide-binding protein through its intracellular domain. It has been concluded that the membrane-bound pheromone isoforms of E. raikovi represent the cell effective pheromone binding sites and are functionally equipped for transducing the signal generated by this binding.
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Biologia Molecolare Cellulare Animale, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino (MC), Italy.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ortenzi
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Alimenti
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vallesi
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Di Pretoro
authors.forename: A L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Terza
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Luporini
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D019898:Autocrine Communication / Q000502:physiology*; D002846:Chromatography, Affinity; D016812:Euplotes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000502:physiology*; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D008958:Models, Molecular; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D008970:Molecular Weight; D010675:Pheromones / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D011233:Precipitin Tests; D020033:Protein Isoforms / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D015800:Protozoan Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D020539:Sequence Analysis, Protein; D012995:Solubility
chemical_list: D008565:Membrane Proteins; D010675:Pheromones; D020033:Protein Isoforms; D015800:Protozoan Proteins; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; C057783:mating pheromone Er-1, Euplotes raikovi