title: Infrared gold alloy brazing on titanium and Ti-6Al-4V alloy surfaces and its application to removable prosthodontics.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study investigated the area size of the flow of a gold braze alloy on commercially pure titanium and Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates, and elemental composition at the interface was determined. In the second part of this study, the tensile strengths of titanium plates brazed using a gold alloy were investigated.
  
  
  METHODS
  Chips of Type IV gold alloy and silver braze alloys were melted onto commercially pure titanium and Ti-6Al-4V surfaces in a dental infrared radiation unit. Flow area of each braze alloy was measured using a digital image analyzer. Tensile specimens (n = 5) were also prepared by infrared brazing using the braze alloys. Five specimens for each combination of the two titanium plates and the two braze alloys were subjected to tensile loading using a Universal testing machine. Electronprobe microanalysis of x-rays at cross-section of the brazed joints to determine elemental composition across the interface, as well as scanning electron microscopic observation at the fracture surfaces, were also conducted.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The braze alloys flowed well and spread over the Ti and Ti-6Al-4V plates. Braze alloy type significantly influenced flow, and the gold alloy flowed less on the titanium materials. The mean tensile strengths of Ti and Ti-6Al-4V plates brazed using the gold braze alloy were 219 MPa and 417 MPa, respectively. The fracture surfaces of Ti-6Al-4V specimens with the gold braze alloy exhibited typical ductile behavior. Ti with the same braze alloy showed brittle surfaces. A greater concentration of Cu was found at the Ti with gold braze interface.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The flow and the tensile strength of the gold alloy coating on titanium surface by means of an infrared brazing is adequate for dental use.
authors.affiliation: First Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Japan. n.waka.pro1@dent.tmd.ac.jp
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Wakabayashi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ai
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Iijima
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Takada
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Okuno
mesh_terms: D000497:Alloys; D003300:Copper / Q000032:analysis; D003722:Dental Alloys / Q000737:chemistry; D012994:Dental Soldering; D003779:Denture Design; D003832:Denture, Partial, Removable; D004577:Electron Probe Microanalysis; D006047:Gold Alloys / Q000737:chemistry*; D007259:Infrared Rays; D008422:Materials Testing; D012212:Rheology; D013718:Tensile Strength; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry*; D014783:Viscosity
chemical_list: D000497:Alloys; D003722:Dental Alloys; D006047:Gold Alloys; C031462:titanium alloy (TiAl6V4); D003300:Copper; D014025:Titanium