title: Age-dependent increase in c-fos activity and cyclin A expression in vascular smooth muscle cells. A potential link between aging, smooth muscle cell proliferation and atherosclerosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Aging can be defined as a progressive deterioration of biological functions after the organism has attained its maximal reproductive competence, which is usually associated with a decrease in proliferative ability in most cell types. However, in certain pathological situations such as atherosclerosis and restenosis, aging has been shown to be associated with a higher level of vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation and neointimal lesion formation after angioplasty. In the present study, we investigated potential mechanisms involved in the age-dependent increase in VSMC proliferation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Primary cultures of VSMCs were isolated from young (6-8-month-old) and old (4-5-year-old) New Zealand rabbits. Results from cell counting assays and FACS analysis were consistent with a shortening of the cell cycle in old VSMCs. Western blot analysis in serum stimulated cells showed a significant increase in the level of cyclin A and cyclin-dependent kinase 2 proteins in the old vs. young VSMCs. In marked contrast, expression of cyclin E in VSMCs was not influenced by aging. Transient transfection assays showed an age-dependent increase in transcription from the human cyclin A promoter. Parallel studies demonstrated that the expression of the AP1 transcription factor c-fos, which interacts with the cyclin A promoter and stimulates VSMC proliferation, was also increased in old VSMCs. Consistent with this notion, electrophoretic mobility shift assays demonstrated an increase in AP1 DNA-binding activity in old VSMCs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These studies suggest that age-associated increase in c-fos activity contributes to augmented cyclin A expression and VSMC proliferation in old animals. These mechanisms might contribute to the higher prevalence and severity of atherosclerosis in the elderly.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine (Cardiology), St. Elizabeth's Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02135, USA.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rivard
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Principe
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Andrés
mesh_terms: D000375:Aging / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D001161:Arteriosclerosis / Q000378:metabolism*; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002455:Cell Division / Q000235:genetics; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D019925:Cyclin A / Q000378:metabolism*; D004591:Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D015870:Gene Expression; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009131:Muscle, Smooth, Vascular / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D016760:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos / Q000378:metabolism*; D011817:Rabbits; D018808:Transcription Factor AP-1 / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D019925:Cyclin A; D016760:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos; D018808:Transcription Factor AP-1