title: Evaluation of the presence of bovine proteins in human milk as a possible cause of allergic symptoms in breast-fed children.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  It is generally believed that the elimination of certain foods from the diet of mothers during the lactation period produces a significant improvement in breast-fed children who develop allergic symptoms. Several studies have shown the presence of food proteins in human milk; on the other hand, no study has been able to correlate unequivocally the presence of these allergens in human milk with newborn sensitization.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to evaluate the presence of bovine proteins in breast milk.
  
  
  METHODS
  Milk samples were separated by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). To detect bovine proteins in human milk, immunoblotting was performed by using monoclonal antibodies (MA) specific for beta-lactoglobulin and bovine caseins.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results of this study do not confirm the presence of bovine proteins in breast milk suggested by other authors and shows unequivocally that the conflicting results reported in the literature about the presence of betalactoglobulin in human milk are due to cross-reactivity between bovine milk proteins and human proteins.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Components other than bovine betalactoglobulin or caseins could be involved in the induction of allergic symptoms in exclusively breast-fed children.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Toxicology, Institute of Pharmacological Sciences, University of Milan, Milano, Italy. patrizia.restani@unimi.it
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Restani
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gaiaschi
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Plebani
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Beretta
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Velonà
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cavagni
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Poiesi
authors.forename: A G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Ugazio
authors.forename: C L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Galli
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000276:immunology; D000918:Antibody Specificity; D001942:Breast Feeding / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002364:Caseins / Q000032:analysis* / Q000276:immunology; D002417:Cattle; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007122:Immunoelectrophoresis; D007774:Lactation; D007782:Lactoglobulins / Q000032:analysis* / Q000276:immunology; D008297:Male; D016269:Milk Hypersensitivity / Q000209:etiology*; D008895:Milk, Human / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D002364:Caseins; D007782:Lactoglobulins