title: Antioxidants attenuate myocyte apoptosis in the remote non-infarcted myocardium following large myocardial infarction.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Increased oxidative stress and myocyte apoptosis co-exist in the remote non-infarcted myocardium (RM) following a large myocardial infarction. We proposed that these phenomena are causally related.
  
  
  RESULTS
  On day 3 after induction of myocardial infarction, Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized to receive probucol and pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (MI-T), or vehicle only (MI) for 7 weeks. Control rats (C) received vehicle. At 7 weeks, lipidperoxidation within the RM was assessed by measuring thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, which were significantly increased in MI vs. C, while MI-T was not different from C. There was a significant increase in cardiac myocytes positive for in situ TdT-UTP nick-end labeling within the RM in MI vs. C, which was inhibited in MI-T. Furthermore, internucleosomal DNA fragmentation was clearly demonstrated on agarose gels from RM in the MI group, while it was much less apparent on gels from RM in the C and MI-T groups. Western blot analysis showed a significant increase in p53, Bax and caspase-3 protein expression within the RM of MI vs. C, all of which were inhibited in the MI-T group. Furthermore, there was evidence for an increase in caspase-3 activity within the RM from MI vs. C, which was normalized in the MI-T group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Long-term treatment with the antioxidants probucol and pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate attenuates oxidative stress, myocyte apoptosis, caspase-3 like activity and the expression of p53, bax and caspase-3 within RM in rats after a large myocardial infarction.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City. hoskarsson@hprhs.com
authors.forename: H J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Oskarsson
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Coppey
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Weiss
authors.forename: W G
authors.initials: WG
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D015153:Blotting, Western; D053148:Caspase 3; D020169:Caspases / Q000032:analysis; D053938:DNA Fragmentation / Q000187:drug effects; D020287:In Situ Nick-End Labeling; D008297:Male; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism*; D011341:Probucol / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D011759:Pyrrolidines / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011897:Random Allocation; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013859:Thiocarbamates / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013997:Time Factors; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000032:analysis; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; C494828:Bax protein, rat; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D011759:Pyrrolidines; D013859:Thiocarbamates; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein; C020972:pyrrolidine dithiocarbamic acid; C505410:Casp3 protein, rat; D053148:Caspase 3; D020169:Caspases; D011341:Probucol