title: Stent design favorably influences the vascular response in normal porcine coronary arteries.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to compare the arterial response following implantation of a stainless-steel, balloon-expandable, tubular slotted stent with that of a novel computer-designed, multi-cellular stent in normal porcine coronary arteries.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Intracoronary stent placement has evolved into the primary strategy for percutaneous revascularization of symptomatic coronary arterial lesions. Presently there is intense interest in developing new stent designs to improve stent delivery and biocompatability.
  
  
  METHODS
  Computer-assisted design was utilized to develop a balloon-expandable stent with symmetric expansion properties, uniform arterial wall coverage, longitudinal flexibility and radial strength. Quantitative coronary angiography and histological assessment of the stented arteries was used to evaluate the acute and chronic vascular responses to a stainless-steel, balloon-expandable, tubular slotted stent as compared to the computer-designed BX stent in the normolipemic swine.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Forty stents (24 BX, 16 tubular slotted) were implanted in 19 miniature swine at a mean inflation pressure of 9 atm using identical delivery systems. Eight of the BX and none of the tubular slotted stents were post-dilated with a non-compliant balloon at 12-14 atm. The mean stent-to-artery ratio was similar for the BX (1.03 +/- 0.06) and tubular slotted (1.04 +/- 0.11; p = 0.59) designs. Protrusion or asymmetric radial flaring of a strut at the stent margin was present in 1 of 23 BX stents (4.3%) and 10 of 15 tubular slotted stents (66.7%; p < 0.0001). The mean arterial injury score was significantly less for the BX stent (0.2 +/- 0.2) as compared with the tubular slotted stents (0.4 +/- 0.4; p = 0.025). At 3 days, thrombus area was similar for the BX and tubular slotted designs (0.42 +/- 0.16 mm2 versus 0.44 +/- 0.18 mm2, respectively; p = 0.88). The mean neointimal area was significantly less for the BX at 2 months (1.09 +/- 0.25 mm2 versus 2.93 +/- 2.26 mm2 in the tubular slotted stent) and at 6 months (1.10 +/- 0.26 mm2 versus 2.07 +/- 0.65 mm2 in the tubular slotted stent; p = 0.01), resulting in approximately 50% less in-stent stenosis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The arterial response to a balloon-expandable stent can be favorably influenced by computer-assisted modification of design in an experimental model. Further study is warranted to determine the impact of stent design upon clinical in-stent restenosis.
authors.affiliation: Animal Research Laboratory, Experimental Physiology and Pathology, Washington Hospital Center, Cardiology Research Foundation, 110 Irving St., N.W., Suite 4B-1, Washington, D.C. 20010, USA. ajc2@mhg.edu
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Carter
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Scott
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Rahdert
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bailey
authors.lastname: De Vries J
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ayerdi
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Turnlund
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Virmani
authors.forename: T A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Fischell
mesh_terms: D015906:Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary / Q000295:instrumentation*; D000818:Animals; D017023:Coronary Angiography; D003331:Coronary Vessels / Q000502:physiology*; D023421:Models, Animal; D011474:Prosthesis Design; D019919:Prosthesis Implantation; D015607:Stents; D013552:Swine; D017539:Tunica Intima / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000502:physiology*; D017540:Tunica Media / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000502:physiology*