title: Oral guar gum, a gel-forming dietary fiber relieves pruritus in intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Guar gum is a gel-forming fiber, which increases fecal elimination of bile acids. It may therefore be beneficial in the treatment of intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-eight patients with intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy were randomized double-blind to receive either guar gum or placebo until delivery. Serum bile acid concentration was measured. Pruritus was assessed by both the investigator and the patient.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At baseline, the intensity of pruritus and the serum bile acid concentration were significantly related. Guar gum diminished or prevented worsening of pruritus, while in the placebo group pruritus was enhanced (p<0.05). In the placebo group serum bile acid concentration increased significantly, whereas in the guar gum group it remained unchanged (p<0.05 between the groups). Guar gum treatment-induced changes of the pruritus score and serum bile acid concentrations were significantly related (p<0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Guar gum relieved the intensity of pruritus without any side effects and prevented the rise in serum bile acid concentration in this placebo-controlled and double-blind study of patients with intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy.
authors.affiliation: Helsinki City Maternity Hospital, Finland.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Riikonen
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Savonius
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Gylling
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nikkilä
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Tuomi
authors.forename: T A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Miettinen
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000328:Adult; D001647:Bile Acids and Salts / Q000097:blood; D002780:Cholestasis, Intrahepatic / Q000150:complications* / Q000209:etiology; D004043:Dietary Fiber / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D005685:Galactans / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D008351:Mannans / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D053149:Plant Gums; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D011537:Pruritus / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D001647:Bile Acids and Salts; D004043:Dietary Fiber; D005685:Galactans; D008351:Mannans; D053149:Plant Gums; C007894:guar gum