title: Line bisection judgments implicate right parietal cortex and cerebellum as assessed by fMRI.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To use functional MRI (fMRI) to determine which brain regions are implicated when normal volunteers judge whether pretransected horizontal lines are correctly bisected (the Landmark test).
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Manual line bisection and a variant thereof involving perceptual judgments of pretransected lines (the Landmark test) are widely used to assess unilateral visuospatial neglect in patients with neurologic disease. Although unilateral (left) neglect most often results from lesions to right temporoparietal cortex, the normal functional anatomy of the Landmark test has not been convincingly demonstrated.
  
  
  METHODS
  fMRI was carried out in 12 healthy right-handed male volunteers who judged whether horizontal lines were correctly prebisected. In the control task, subjects detected whether the horizontal lines contained a transection mark irrespective of the position of that mark. Response was by two-choice key press: on half the trials, subjects used the right, and on half, the left hand. Statistical analysis of evoked blood oxygenation level-dependent responses, measured with echoplanar imaging, employed statistical parametric mapping.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Performing the Landmark task showed neural activity (p < 0.05, corrected) in the right superior posterior and right inferior parietal lobe, early visual processing areas bilaterally, the cerebellar vermis, and the left cerebellar hemisphere. Only the latter area showed a significant interaction with hand used.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The right hemispheric dominance observed in inferior parietal cortex is consistent with the results of lesion studies. Right superior parietal cortex, vermis, and left cerebellar hemisphere have not been implicated in neglect, but all appear to play a cognitive role in the Landmark task.
authors.affiliation: Neurologische Klinik, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Germany. gereon.fink@uni.duesseldorf.de
authors.forename: G R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Fink
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Marshall
authors.forename: N J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Shah
authors.forename: P H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Weiss
authors.forename: P W
authors.initials: PW
authors.lastname: Halligan
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Grosse-Ruyken
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ziemons
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Zilles
authors.forename: H J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Freund
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001931:Brain Mapping; D002531:Cerebellum / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000502:physiology*; D005133:Eye Movements / Q000502:physiology; D007839:Functional Laterality / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D010296:Parietal Lobe / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000502:physiology*; D011930:Reaction Time / Q000502:physiology; D013647:Task Performance and Analysis; D014796:Visual Perception / Q000502:physiology*