title: The solution structure of the cytokine-binding domain of the common beta-chain of the receptors for granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, interleukin-3 and interleukin-5.
abstract: The haemopoietic cytokines, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, interleukin-3 and interleukin-5 bind to cell-surface receptors comprising ligand-specific alpha-chains and a shared beta-chain. The beta-chain is the critical signalling subunit of the receptor and its fourth domain not only plays a critical role in interactions with ligands, hence in receptor activation, but also contains residues whose mutation can lead to ligand-independent activation of the receptor. We have determined the NMR solution structure of the isolated human fourth domain of the beta-chain. The protein has a fibronectin type III fold with a well-defined hydrophobic core and is stabilised by an extensive network of pi-cation interactions involving Trp and Arg side-chains, including two Trp residues outside the highly conserved Trp-Ser-Xaa-Trp-Ser motif (where Xaa is any amino acid) that is found in many cytokine receptors. Most of the residues implicated in factor-independent mutants localise to the rigid core of the domain or the pi-cation stack. The loops between the B and C, and the F and G strands, that contain residues important for interactions with cytokines, lie adjacent at the membrane-distal end of the domain, consistent with their being involved cooperatively in binding cytokines. The elucidation of the structure of the cytokine-binding domain of the beta-chain provides insight into the cytokine-dependent and factor-independent activation of the receptor.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 5005, Australia.
authors.forename: T D
authors.initials: TD
authors.lastname: Mulhern
authors.forename: A F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Lopez
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: D'Andrea
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gaunt
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Vandeleur
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Vadas
authors.forename: G W
authors.initials: GW
authors.lastname: Booker
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Bagley
mesh_terms: D020816:Amino Acid Motifs; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D001120:Arginine / Q000378:metabolism; D001665:Binding Sites; D017124:Conserved Sequence; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008958:Models, Molecular; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D019906:Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular; D017433:Protein Structure, Secondary; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D016187:Receptors, Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D018123:Receptors, Interleukin / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D016185:Receptors, Interleukin-3 / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D053649:Receptors, Interleukin-5; D012996:Solutions; D014364:Tryptophan / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D016187:Receptors, Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor; D018123:Receptors, Interleukin; D016185:Receptors, Interleukin-3; D053649:Receptors, Interleukin-5; D012996:Solutions; D014364:Tryptophan; D001120:Arginine