title: Breathing out into water during subtotal immersion: a therapy for chronic pulmonary emphysema.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the importance of a breathing out into water exercise during subtotal immersion for emphysematous patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Results of a respiratory function test and arterial blood gas analysis were examined to compare the programs of breathing exercise with and without the breathing out into water exercise. The breathing exercises in a pool filled with 38 degrees C water were performed 30 min/day, 5 days/wk, for 2 mo in 17 patients with stable chronic emphysema. Patients were randomly assigned to breathing exercise programs including subtotal water immersion with the nose and mouth either immersed (9 patients) or out of the water (8 patients) during exhalation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The ratio of %forced expired volume in 1 sec to forced vital capacity and %forced vital capacity at rest were significantly increased in the program with the breathing out into water exercise, but they did not change in the program without the breathing out into water exercise. A significant increase in peak flow was observed in the former program, although it did not change in the latter program. The maximal expiratory flow at 25% did not change in either program. Pao2 was significantly increased and Paco2 was significantly decreased in the former program, although a trend for a decrease in Paco2 was observed in the latter program.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that the breathing out into water exercise enhances the effects of a breathing exercise during immersion and is useful in rehabilitation for chronic pulmonary emphysema.
authors.affiliation: Division of Rehabilitation, Kusatsu Branch Hospital, Gunma University Hospital, Japan.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kurabayashi
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Machida
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tamura
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Iwai
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tamura
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kubota
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001784:Blood Gas Analysis; D001945:Breathing Exercises; D002908:Chronic Disease; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007101:Immersion; D008297:Male; D011656:Pulmonary Emphysema / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D012129:Respiratory Function Tests