title: Plasma membrane properties involved in the photodynamic efficacy of merocyanine 540 and tetrasulfonated aluminum phthalocyanine.
abstract: Merocyanine 540 (MC540)-mediated photodynamic damage to erythrocytes was strongly reduced when illumination was performed at pH 8.5 as compared to pH 7.4. This could be explained by high pH-mediated hyperpolarization of the erythrocyte membrane, resulting in decreased MC540 binding at pH 8.5. In accordance, the MC540-mediated photooxidation of open ghosts was not inhibited at pH 8.5. Photoinactivation of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) was not inhibited at pH 8.5. This suggests that illumination at increased pH could be an approach to protect red blood cells selectively against MC540-mediated virucidal phototreatment. With tetrasulfonated aluminum phthalocyanine (AIPcS4) as photosensitizer, damage to erythrocytes, open ghosts and VSV was decreased when illuminated at pH 8.5. A decreased singlet oxygen yield at high pH could be excluded. The AIPcS4-mediated photooxidation of fixed erythrocytes was strongly dependent on the cation concentration in the buffer, indicating that the surface potential may affect the efficacy of this photosensitizer. This study showed that altering the environment of the target could increase both the efficacy and the specificity of a photodynamic treatment.
authors.affiliation: Boston Clinics PDT BV, Leiden, The Netherlands. Lagerberg@bostonclinics.com
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Lagerberg
authors.forename: K P
authors.initials: KP
authors.lastname: Uberriegler
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Krammer
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: VanSteveninck
authors.forename: T M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Dubbelman
mesh_terms: D004910:Erythrocyte Membrane / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000528:radiation effects; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D006639:Histidine / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007211:Indoles / Q000009:adverse effects*; D009942:Organometallic Compounds / Q000009:adverse effects*; D018462:Photobiology; D010778:Photochemotherapy / Q000009:adverse effects*; D017319:Photosensitizing Agents / Q000009:adverse effects; D011744:Pyrimidinones / Q000009:adverse effects*; D014721:Vesicular stomatitis Indiana virus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects
chemical_list: D007211:Indoles; D009942:Organometallic Compounds; D017319:Photosensitizing Agents; D011744:Pyrimidinones; C048577:aluminum tetrasulfophthalocyanine; D006639:Histidine; C003954:merocyanine dye