title: Ultradian rapid cycling in prepubertal and early adolescent bipolarity is not in transmission disequilibrium with val/met COMT alleles.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Prepubertal children and early adolescents with bipolar disorders (PEA-BP) who participate in the ongoing study "Phenomenology and Course of Pediatric Bipolar Disorders" have a high prevalence of ultradian (within 24-hour periods) rapid cycling. Based on a case-control finding reported in bipolar (BP) adults of an association between rapid and ultradian rapid cycling with the low-activity allele of catechol-O-methyltransferase (l-COMT), study of linkage and linkage disequilibrium of l-COMT in the PEA-BP population seemed warranted.
  
  
  METHODS
  Genotypes on a subset of the larger PEA-BP sample, for whom trio blood collection was complete (i. e., probands and both of their biological parents), were used to perform transmission disequilibrium tests (TDTs). Diagnoses were established from a comprehensive battery that included WASH-U-KSADS (Washington University Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia) given to both mothers and children and from consensus conferences. Probands with PEA-BP (N = 52) were 10.9 +/- 2.8 years old at index episode; had a mean age of BP onset at 8.0 +/- 3.8 years; were severely impaired, with a mean Children's Global Assessment Scale score of 44.5 +/- 8.9; and manifested the cardinal features of BP (84.6% had euphoric mood, 76.9% had grandiosity, and 57.7% had psychosis). Ultradian rapid cycling occurred in 75%. Genotyping of the single nucleotide polymorphism at COMT was performed using automated capillary electrophoresis single-strand conformational polymorphism with detection by laser-induced fluorescence.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Transmission disequilibrium tests were not significant for preferential transmission of l-COMT for the ultradian rapid-cycling subgroup or for the entire PEA-BP sample.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The lack of linkage disequilibrium between l-COMT and ultradian rapid cycling in the PEA-BP sample compared to reported findings of an association in case-control studies of adults is discussed in terms of age-specific developmentally relevant phenotypes, anticipatory mechanisms, and heterogeneity. Repeat TDT analyses after these PEA-BP probands reach their adult phenotypes will be informative.
authors.affiliation: Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Geller
authors.forename: E H
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Cook
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000367:Age Factors; D000483:Alleles; D020132:Anticipation, Genetic; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000235:genetics* / Q000503:physiopathology; D002394:Catechol O-Methyltransferase / Q000235:genetics*; D002648:Child; D002940:Circadian Rhythm / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D015810:Linkage Disequilibrium; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008715:Methionine / Q000235:genetics*; D010641:Phenotype; D018807:Polymorphism, Single-Stranded Conformational; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D014633:Valine / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D008715:Methionine; D002394:Catechol O-Methyltransferase; D014633:Valine