title: Pediatric Milliman and Robertson length-of-stay criteria: are they realistic?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Guidelines for inpatient length of stay (LOS) have been developed by several groups; among the most widely applied are those published by Milliman and Robertson (M&R). Few published reports have examined the relationship of actual practice to such guidelines, none in pediatric populations. This study was designed to compare pediatric practice in a large and defined population to M&R LOS criteria.
  
  
  METHODS
  Administrative data from New York State in 1995 were used to examine LOS for discharges corresponding to 16 selected pediatric diagnoses for which M&R publishes guidelines. Outliers, defined as the 2% of discharges with the longest LOS, were eliminated. The distribution of LOS for each diagnosis was compared with M&R LOS guidelines.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In New York State during 1995, pediatric LOS was markedly divergent from M&R guidelines. In general, the percentage of discharges in excess of the criterion LOS was less for nonmandatory admissions (croup: 23%, gastroenteritis: 44%, and pneumonia: 48%) than for those requiring surgery (uncomplicated appendectomy: 67%, pyloromyotomy: 62%, and major but noncritical burns: 64%) or prolonged treatment with antibiotics (bacterial meningitis: 91% and osteomyelitis: 86%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In New York State during 1995, LOS for selected pediatric conditions was generally in excess of published M&R guidelines. This raises concern about the potential effects of such guidelines on both patients and the hospitals caring for them. While endorsing the need for cost-effective practice, we call attention to the methods used to develop and validate guidelines.length of stay, pediatrics, managed health care, administrative data, practice guidelines.
authors.affiliation: Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA.
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Sills
authors.forename: Z J
authors.initials: ZJ
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Shao
authors.forename: M F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Guagliardo
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Chamberlain
authors.forename: J G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Joseph
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007902:Length of Stay / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D009518:New York; D010372:Pediatrics / Q000592:standards*; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic