title: Physiologic study of pressure point techniques used in the martial arts.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Study physiologic changes occurring during "knockouts" produced by application of pressure point techniques during martial arts demonstrations.
  
  
  METHODS
  
  
  
  METHODS
  prospective analysis of physiologic variables during and immediately following an acute event.
  
  
  METHODS
  martial arts demonstration carried out at a medical center hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  12 normal volunteers participating in a martial arts demonstration.
  
  
  METHODS
  application of various pressure point techniques that have been observed to produce states of unresponsiveness in volunteers.
  
  
  METHODS
  continuous ECG and video/EEG monitoring with measurements of blood pressure and oxygen saturation. Qualitative analysis of EEG and ECG recordings and quantitative comparison of heart rate, blood pressure, and oxygen saturation measurements before during and after the period of induced unconsciousness.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No significant changes in blood pressure, oxygen saturation, cardiac rate or rhythm, or electroencephalogram are noted during the knockouts produced by application of pressure point techniques. There was only variable inability for subjects to remember words spoken to them during the episode of apparent unresponsiveness.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The mechanism for the state of unresponsiveness produced by application of pressure point techniques is not related to a significant cardiac or pulmonary process. There is no evidence of reduced cerebral blood flow during this time or of other dangerous physiologic changes. The exact mechanism for this phenomenon remains uncertain.
authors.affiliation: Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 19104, USA.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Terry
authors.forename: D K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Barclay
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Patterson
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Stecker
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001794:Blood Pressure; D004562:Electrocardiography; D004569:Electroencephalography; D006339:Heart Rate; D006439:Hemodynamics; D006801:Humans; D016139:Martial Arts / Q000502:physiology*; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood; D011312:Pressure; D011446:Prospective Studies
chemical_list: D010100:Oxygen