title: Vulvar vestibulitis syndrome and vaginismus. A case report.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Recent reports have argued for a revision of the criteria used for the establishment of a diagnosis of vulvar vestibulitis syndrome (VVS). On theoretical grounds it might be hypothesized that women with VVS also suffer from vaginismus.
  
  
  METHODS
  A young woman presented with a history, symptoms and objective findings typical of vaginismus, yet she suffered from continuous, burning pain and itching in the vestibule. Earlier in the course of the problem she had received a diagnosis VVS. The patient was treated with behavioral therapy developed for vaginismus. Notations made during the course of therapy supported the assumption that the pain and itching were conditioned responses to penetration in the same way that a vaginal muscular reflex is.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Differential diagnostic difficulties exist in the field of VVS and vaginismus. Psychophysiologic theories are needed as the basis for research to clarify the connections between different diagnostic entities associated with coital burning pain and itching in the vestibule.
authors.affiliation: Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Linköping University, Sweden.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Wijma
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jansson
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nilsson
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Hallböök
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wijma
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001521:Behavior Therapy; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D010146:Pain / Q000503:physiopathology; D020018:Sexual Dysfunctions, Psychological / Q000209:etiology* / Q000523:psychology; D013577:Syndrome; D014621:Vagina / Q000294:innervation*; D014844:Vulva / Q000294:innervation*; D014847:Vulvitis / Q000150:complications* / Q000523:psychology*