title: Comparison of the nutritional composition of diets of persons with fecal incontinence and that of age- and gender-matched controls.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In our clinical and research experience, persons with fecal incontinence anecdotally report altered diet intake to avoid incontinence. The purpose of this study was to compare the dietary intake of 39 persons with fecal incontinence living in the community with that of age- and gender-matched control subjects who had normal bowel function. The diets of both groups were compared with recommended dietary allowances (RDAs) for their constituent nutrients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Subjects prospectively recorded the type, amount, and method of preparing all foods and beverages ingested for 8 consecutive days. Diet records were analyzed using the Nutritionist IV software program.
  
  
  METHODS
  The main outcome measures were the amounts and percentage of the RDAs of macronutrients and micronutrients in the subjects' diets.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were no significant differences in the intake of total kilocalories, protein, fat, dietary fiber, caffeine, or lactose by the fecal incontinence and control groups. The fecal incontinence group had a greater intake of carbohydrates, manganese, and vitamin B(1) compared with the control group. Diets of both groups exceeded 100% of the RDA for protein, phosphorus, iron, sodium, potassium, Vitamins B(1), B(2), B(3), B(12), and C and folate. Diets of both groups had less than 50% of the RDA for biotin, chromium, copper, and manganese but did not differ significantly. The percentages of the RDA for calcium and vitamin D were 84% +/- 6% and 56% +/- 8% for the fecal incontinence group and 90 +/- 8 (P =.6) and 69 +/- 11 for the control group (P =.4).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The diets of persons with fecal incontinence were similar to those of control subjects with normal bowel function. Both the fecal incontinence and control groups may improve their nutritional patterns by lowering sodium and protein intake and increasing dietary fiber and monounsaturated fat intake. Calcium and vitamin D supplementation may improve dietary deficiencies and lower disease risks. Including a nutritional assessment and consultation in the care of persons with fecal incontinence to improve their general health and prevent disease is recommended, but consideration must be given to altered diet patterns perceived by the patient to prevent fecal incontinence.
authors.affiliation: University of Minnesota School of Nursing, Minneapolis, USA.
authors.forename: D Z
authors.initials: DZ
authors.lastname: Bliss
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: McLaughlin
authors.forename: H J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lowry
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Savik
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Jensen
mesh_terms: D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004032:Diet; D005242:Fecal Incontinence / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012648:Self Care / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*