title: The morphogenetic role of midline mesendoderm and ectoderm in the development of the forebrain and the midbrain of the mouse embryo.
abstract: The anterior midline tissue (AML) of the late gastrula mouse embryo comprises the axial mesendoderm and the ventral neuroectoderm of the prospective forebrain, midbrain and rostral hindbrain. In this study, we have investigated the morphogenetic role of defined segments of the AML by testing their inductive and patterning activity and by assessing the impact of their ablation on the patterning of the neural tube at the early-somite-stage. Both rostral and caudal segments of the AML were found to induce neural gene activity in the host tissue; however, the de novo gene activity did not show any regional characteristic that might be correlated with the segmental origin of the AML. Removal of the rostral AML that contains the prechordal plate resulted in a truncation of the head accompanied by the loss of several forebrain markers. However, the remaining tissues reconstituted Gsc and Shh activity and expressed the ventral forebrain marker Nkx2.1. Furthermore, analysis of Gsc-deficient embryos reveals that the morphogenetic function of the rostral AML requires Gsc activity. Removal of the caudal AML led to a complete loss of midline molecular markers anterior to the 4th somite. In addition, Nkx2.1 expression was not detected in the ventral neural tube. The maintenance and function of the rostral AML therefore require inductive signals emanating from the caudal AML. Our results point to a role for AML in the refinement of the anteroposterior patterning and morphogenesis of the brain.
authors.affiliation: Embryology Unit, Children's Medical Research Institute, Locked Bag 23, Wentworthville, NSW 2145, Australia. ptam@cmri.usyd.edu.au
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Camus
authors.forename: B P
authors.initials: BP
authors.lastname: Davidson
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Billiards
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Khoo
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Rivera-Pérez
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wakamiya
authors.forename: R R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Behringer
authors.forename: P P
authors.initials: PP
authors.lastname: Tam
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D019521:Body Patterning / Q000235:genetics; D004475:Ectoderm / Q000378:metabolism*; D004627:Embryonic Induction; D005314:Embryonic and Fetal Development; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D051956:Goosecoid Protein; D053823:Hedgehog Proteins; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D017403:In Situ Hybridization; D007763:Lac Operon / Q000235:genetics; D008636:Mesencephalon / Q000196:embryology*; D008648:Mesoderm / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D009024:Morphogenesis; D009154:Mutation; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D016548:Prosencephalon / Q000196:embryology*; D011506:Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012097:Repressor Proteins; D000074482:Thyroid Nuclear Factor 1; D016378:Tissue Transplantation; D015534:Trans-Activators; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D051956:Goosecoid Protein; C497993:Gsc protein, mouse; D053823:Hedgehog Proteins; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; C000614414:Nkx2-1 protein, mouse; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D011506:Proteins; D012097:Repressor Proteins; D000074482:Thyroid Nuclear Factor 1; D015534:Trans-Activators; D014157:Transcription Factors