title: Evaluation of the efficacy and safety of rifaximin in the treatment of hepatic encephalopathy: a double-blind, randomized, dose-finding multi-centre study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the efficacy, tolerability and safety of oral rifaximin given at three dose levels in patients with cirrhosis and mild to moderate hepatic encephalopathy (HE).
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective, double-blind, randomized, parallel-group study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Multi-centre trial in four university teaching hospitals.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-four patients with cirrhosis and mild to moderate HE.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seven days treatment with rifaximin, 600, 1200 or 2400 mg/day in three divided doses.
  
  
  METHODS
  Change in the portal-systemic encephalopathy (PSE) index between baseline and day 7, calculated on the basis of mental state, asterixis, number connection test time, EEG mean cycle frequency and blood ammonia concentrations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Treatment with rifaximin was associated with an improvement in the PSE index. There was a trend towards a greater treatment effect of rifaximin with the highest dose of 2400 mg/day. Rifaximin was well tolerated; the few treatment-related adverse events showed no consistent pattern or dose relationship.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Rifaximin may be useful as alternative or adjuvant therapy for grade I-III hepatic encephalopathy in patients with cirrhosis at a dose of 1200 mg/day.
authors.affiliation: Liver Research Unit, King's College Hospital, London, UK. roger.williams@ucl.ac.uk
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: O F
authors.initials: OF
authors.lastname: James
authors.forename: T W
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Warnes
authors.forename: M Y
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Morgan
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D005765:Gastrointestinal Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006501:Hepatic Encephalopathy / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans; D008131:London; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012294:Rifamycins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000078262:Rifaximin; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D005765:Gastrointestinal Agents; D012294:Rifamycins; D000078262:Rifaximin