title: Synthesis and anticonvulsant and neurotoxic properties of substituted N-phenyl derivatives of the phthalimide pharmacophore.
abstract: A series of compounds including 4-amino (1), 3-amino (2), 4-nitro (3), 2-methyl-3-amino (4), 2-methyl-3-nitro (5), 2-methyl-4-amino (6), 2-methyl-4-nitro (7), 2-methyl-5-amino (8), 2-methyl-5-nitro (9), 2-methyl-6-amino (10), 2-methyl-6-nitro (11), 2,6-dimethyl (12), 2-methyl-3-carboxy (13), 2-methoxycarbonyl (14), 2-methyl-4-methoxy (15), 2,4-dimethoxy (16), 2-chloro-4-amino (17), and 2-chloro-4-nitro (18) N-phenyl substituents of phthalimide were evaluated along with N-[3-methyl-(2-pyridinyl)]phthalimide (19), N-(3-amino-2-methylphenyl)succinimide (20), and phenytoin for anticonvulsant and neurotoxic properties. Initial screening in the intraperitoneal (ip) maximal electroshock-induced seizure (MES) test and the subcutaneous pentylenetetrazol-induced seizure (scPtz) test in mice led to the selection of 1, 2, 4, 10, 12, 17, and 19 for oral MES evaluation in rats. The resultant ED(50) values for 4, 10, 17, and phenytoin were 8.0, 28.3, 5.7 and 29.8 mg/kg, respectively. In the batrachotoxin affinity assay, IC(50) values for 17 and phenytoin were 0.15 and 0.93 microM, respectively, and in the recently validated magnesium deficiency-dependent audiogenic seizure test, ED(50) values of 5.2 and 23 mg/kg were obtained for 17 and phenytoin, respectively. Electrophysiology studies on compound 17 point out its ability to (i) potentiate GABA-evoked current responses with a failure to directly activate the GABAA receptor and (ii) to affect, at 100 microM excitatory non NMDA, but not NMDA, receptors with a 25% block of kainate-evoked response. Electrophysiology measurements on voltage-gated sodium channels in N1E-115 neuroblastoma cells confirm voltage-dependent block of these channels by compound 17. In view of its interaction with multiple ion channels, one would predict that compound 17 might be active in a wide range of seizure models.
authors.affiliation: INSERM/Neuropaediatrics Department, Hôpital Roger Salengro, CHU Lille, 2, Avenue Oscar Lembret, 59037 Lille, France.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vamecq
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bac
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Herrenknecht
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Maurois
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Delcourt
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Stables
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D000927:Anticonvulsants / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000633:toxicity; D001496:Batrachotoxins / Q000378:metabolism; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D003292:Convulsants; D004597:Electroshock; D018690:Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D015640:Ion Channel Gating; D007608:Kainic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D008275:Magnesium Deficiency / Q000150:complications; D051379:Mice; D016202:N-Methylaspartate / Q000494:pharmacology; D018408:Patch-Clamp Techniques; D010433:Pentylenetetrazole; D010672:Phenytoin / Q000494:pharmacology; D010797:Phthalimides / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000633:toxicity; D051381:Rats; D012640:Seizures / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology; D026941:Sodium Channel Blockers; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D013574:Synaptosomes / Q000378:metabolism; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D005680:gamma-Aminobutyric Acid / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000927:Anticonvulsants; D001496:Batrachotoxins; D003292:Convulsants; D018690:Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists; C461186:N-(4-amino-2-chlorophenyl)phthalimide; D010797:Phthalimides; D026941:Sodium Channel Blockers; D005680:gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; D010672:Phenytoin; D016202:N-Methylaspartate; D007608:Kainic Acid; D010433:Pentylenetetrazole