title: Veteran athletes exercise at higher maximum heart rates than are achieved during standard exercise (stress) testing.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The stress electrocardiogram (sECG) is routinely used to screen individuals for underlying cardiac pathology before an exercise programme is prescribed. The underlying assumption is that the cardiac responses elicited during the sECG test are similar to those achieved during participation in sporting activities. However, this premise may be incorrect since the physical demands of different modes of exercise vary substantially.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ten veteran league squash players (LSP), 10 social squash players (SSP), 10 league runners (LR), 10 social runners (SR) and 10 sedentary individuals (SED) were recruited for the study. All subjects completed a lifestyle questionnaire, a full medical examination and a routine sECG. Thereafter each subject's heart rate (HR) was monitored on two separate occasions while participating in sporting activity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No sECG exercise-induced abnormalities were observed, although five subjects showed resting abnormalities. Maximal HR during the sECG, and maximal and mean HR during the field tests, were not significantly different between groups. However, maximal HR was significantly higher in all groups during their sporting activities than during stress testing in the laboratory (P < 0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Maximal HR in veteran athletes during specific sporting activities was significantly higher than that attained during a routine sECG. This finding was not sport-specific, nor was it related to the level of competitiveness of the trial participants. These data show that a routine sECG is a submaximal test of exercise performance, and should be interpreted as such.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, University of Cape Town.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: St Clair Gibson
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Perold
authors.forename: G A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Watermeyer
authors.forename: S E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Latouf
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Hawley
authors.forename: M I
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Lambert
authors.forename: T D
authors.initials: TD
authors.lastname: Noakes
mesh_terms: D001795:Blood Pressure Determination; D003627:Data Interpretation, Statistical; D004562:Electrocardiography / Q000379:methods*; D005080:Exercise Test; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010809:Physical Fitness / Q000502:physiology*; D012307:Risk Factors; D013177:Sports / Q000502:physiology*