title: An evaluation of breastfeeding promotion through peer counseling in Mississippi WIC clinics.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study evaluates the effectiveness of a peer counseling program at increasing breastfeeding by participants in the Mississippi Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants and Children (WIC).
  
  
  METHODS
  Data from the 1989-1993 Pediatric Nutrition Surveillance System were analyzed to compare breastfeeding rates in clinics with and without peer counseling programs. A questionnaire completed by program staff to describe the program in greater detail helped identify characteristics associated with greater success.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The incidence of breastfeeding rose from 12.3% to 19.9% in those clinics with peer counseling programs, but only from 9.2% to 10.7% in clinics without a program. Clinics that started a program earlier showed greater changes in breastfeeding incidence. However, the presence of lactation specialists or consultants in the clinic appeared to be more important than the presence of less-trained peer counselors. Peer counselors who spent more than 45 minutes per participant were more effective than those spending less time.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The peer counseling program significantly increased the incidence of breastfeeding, particularly in clinics with lactation specialists and consultants. Success can be enhanced by ensuring that peer counselors spend a great deal of time with the participants.
authors.affiliation: Division of Nutrition and Physical Activity, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30341, USA. lxg8@cdc.gov
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Grummer-Strawn
authors.forename: S P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Rice
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Dugas
authors.forename: L D
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Clark
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Benton-Davis
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000554:Ambulatory Care Facilities; D001942:Breast Feeding / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D002664:Child Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D003376:Counseling / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006293:Health Promotion / Q000458:organization & administration*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D008430:Maternal-Child Health Centers / Q000458:organization & administration; D008922:Mississippi; D009749:Nutrition Surveys; D016017:Odds Ratio; D010379:Peer Group; D015397:Program Evaluation