title: Immobilization of babirusa (Babyrousa babyrussa) with xylazine and tiletamine/zolazepam and reversal with yohimbine and flumazenil.
abstract: Twelve babirusa (Babyrousa babyrussa) (four females/eight males) were immobilized 30 times during a 4-yr interval. Significantly higher premedication and immobilizing doses were needed for females than for males (P < 0.05). An i.m. preanesthetic xylazine dose of 1.88 +/- 0.37 mg/kg (range = 1.20-2.12 mg/kg) was used for females and 1.22 +/- 0.16 mg/kg (range = 0.82-1.43 mg/kg) for males. After xylazine, the animals were induced with i.m. tiletamine/zolazepam; females received 2.20 +/- 0.47 mg/kg (range = 1.78-3.33 mg/kg) and males received 1.71 +/- 0.34 mg/kg (range = 1.08-2.05 mg/kg). Anesthesia was reversed with yohimbine (0.14 +/- 0.03 mg/kg; range = 0.07-0.20 mg/kg) and flumazenil (1 mg flumazenil/20 mg zolazepam) either i.m. or i.v. This anesthetic combination produced smooth induction, good relaxation, and sufficient immobilization to perform routine diagnostic and therapeutic procedures (venipuncture, hoof and tusk trims, transportation, radiographs, ultrasound examination, weight determinations, and skin biopsies). Supplemental ketamine HCl or isoflurane was administered to two animals to effectively deepen or prolong the anesthetic plane, with no resultant adverse effects.
authors.affiliation: Wildlife Conservation Society, Bronx Zoo, New York, NY 10460, USA.
authors.forename: S B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: James
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Cook
authors.forename: B L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Raphael
authors.forename: M D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Stetter
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kalk
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: MacLaughlin
authors.forename: P P
authors.initials: PP
authors.lastname: Calle
mesh_terms: D000316:Adrenergic alpha-Agonists / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000317:Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D000778:Anesthetics, Dissociative / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D000818:Animals; D000836:Animals, Zoo / Q000502:physiology*; D014151:Anti-Anxiety Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D000931:Antidotes / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D001831:Body Temperature / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D005442:Flumazenil / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D018757:GABA Modulators / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D007103:Immobilization; D007273:Injections, Intramuscular / Q000662:veterinary; D007275:Injections, Intravenous / Q000662:veterinary; D008297:Male; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood; D011229:Preanesthetic Medication / Q000662:veterinary; D012119:Respiration / Q000187:drug effects; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013552:Swine / Q000502:physiology*; D013992:Tiletamine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D014991:Xylazine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D015016:Yohimbine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D015041:Zolazepam / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors
chemical_list: D000316:Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; D000317:Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists; D000778:Anesthetics, Dissociative; D014151:Anti-Anxiety Agents; D000931:Antidotes; D018757:GABA Modulators; D014991:Xylazine; D015016:Yohimbine; D013992:Tiletamine; D005442:Flumazenil; D015041:Zolazepam; D010100:Oxygen