title: Orbit, a novel microtubule-associated protein essential for mitosis in Drosophila melanogaster.
abstract: We describe a Drosophila gene, orbit, that encodes a conserved 165-kD microtubule-associated protein (MAP) with GTP binding motifs. Hypomorphic mutations in orbit lead to a maternal effect resulting in branched and bent mitotic spindles in the syncytial embryo. In the larval central nervous system, such mutants have an elevated mitotic index with some mitotic cells showing an increase in ploidy. Amorphic alleles show late lethality and greater frequencies of hyperploid mitotic cells. The presence of cells in the hypomorphic mutant in which the chromosomes can be arranged, either in a circular metaphase or an anaphase-like configuration on monopolar spindles, suggests that polyploidy arises through spindle and chromosome segregation defects rather than defects in cytokinesis. A role for the Orbit protein in regulating microtubule behavior in mitosis is suggested by its association with microtubules throughout the spindle at all mitotic stages, by its copurification with microtubules from embryonic extracts, and by the finding that the Orbit protein directly binds to MAP-free microtubules in a GTP-dependent manner.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Cell Biology, Aichi Cancer Center, Research Institute, Nagoya 464-8681, Japan.
authors.forename: Y H
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Inoue
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: do Carmo Avides
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shiraki
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Deak
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yamaguchi
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nishimoto
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Matsukage
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Glover
mesh_terms: D000483:Alleles; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D002490:Central Nervous System / Q000166:cytology / Q000254:growth & development; D002875:Chromosomes / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D017124:Conserved Sequence / Q000235:genetics; D029721:Drosophila Proteins; D004331:Drosophila melanogaster / Q000166:cytology* / Q000196:embryology / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D017344:Genes, Insect / Q000235:genetics; D006160:Guanosine Triphosphate / Q000378:metabolism; D019476:Insect Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D007814:Larva / Q000166:cytology / Q000254:growth & development; D008297:Male; D008869:Microtubule-Associated Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D008870:Microtubules / Q000378:metabolism*; D008938:Mitosis; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009154:Mutation / Q000235:genetics; D010641:Phenotype; D020161:Physical Chromosome Mapping; D011123:Polyploidy; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics; D008941:Spindle Apparatus / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D029721:Drosophila Proteins; D019476:Insect Proteins; D008869:Microtubule-Associated Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; C407307:chb protein, Drosophila; D006160:Guanosine Triphosphate