title: Rare activation of the TCF/beta-catenin pathway in ovarian cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The activation of the T cell factor/beta-catenin pathway is a crucial event in colon cancer initiation. A recent report describing the presence of beta-catenin mutations in endometrioid ovarian cancer suggested that the TCF/beta-catenin pathway may be generally activated in ovarian cancer. We therefore undertook to determine the frequency of activation of this pathway in ovarian cancer cell lines using a functional screen.
  
  
  METHODS
  We functionally screened a series of ovarian cancer cell lines for the presence of constitutive TCF/beta-catenin-mediated transcriptional activity using a reporter assay. Lines possessing such activity were subjected to mutational and gel-shift analysis, as well as sensitivity to the introduction of dominant-negative TCF or APC alleles. A cDNA harboring a beta-catenin point mutation found in an ovarian cancer line was incorporated into an expression plasmid for functional analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Constitutive TCF/beta-catenin transcriptional activity was detected in 21% (4 of 19) of ovarian lines studied, while 32% (6 of 19) exhibited greater than twofold repression. One of the constitutively active lines, UCI107, harbored an activating beta-catenin point mutation, which was shown to be capable of inducing TCF/beta-catenin transcriptional activity in transiently transfected 293 cells. A second active line, SW626, was shown to harbor an inactivating APC mutation and may in fact be of colonic origin. The third and fourth lines harbored neither an APC nor a beta-catenin mutation. Gel-shift analysis, together with the absence of sensitivity to dominant-negative TCF, indicated that the reporter activity exhibited by the latter two cell lines may not be due to a TCF/beta-catenin transcriptional complex.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results indicate that genuine constitutive activation of the TCF/beta-catenin pathway is infrequent in ovarian cancer, but that constitutive transcriptional repression from TCF sites is more common in this tumor type.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Biological Chemistry, Gerontology Research Center, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA.
authors.forename: M T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Furlong
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Morin
mesh_terms: D003598:Cytoskeletal Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D004252:DNA Mutational Analysis; D017931:DNA Primers / Q000737:chemistry; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm / Q000032:analysis*; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D051821:Lymphoid Enhancer-Binding Factor 1; D010051:Ovarian Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D017354:Point Mutation; D015534:Trans-Activators; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics*; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D015533:Transcriptional Activation; D014162:Transfection; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D051176:beta Catenin
chemical_list: C495270:CTNNB1 protein, human; D003598:Cytoskeletal Proteins; D017931:DNA Primers; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D051821:Lymphoid Enhancer-Binding Factor 1; D015534:Trans-Activators; D014157:Transcription Factors; D051176:beta Catenin