title: Induction of apoptosis by extracellular ubiquitin in human hematopoietic cells: possible involvement of STAT3 degradation by proteasome pathway in interleukin 6-dependent hematopoietic cells.
abstract: The ubiquitin-proteasome pathway is responsible for selective degradation of short-lived cellular proteins and is critical for the regulation of many cellular processes. We previously showed that ubiquitin (Ub) secreted from hairy cell leukemia cells had inhibitory effects on clonogenic growth of normal hematopoietic progenitor cells. In this study, we examined the effects of exogenous Ub on the growth and survival of a series of human hematopoietic cells, including myeloid cell lines (HL-60 and U937), a B-cell line (Daudi), and T-cell lines (KT-3, MT-4, YTC-3, and MOLT-4). Exogenous Ub inhibited the growth of various hematopoietic cell lines tested, especially of KT-3 and HL-60 cells. The growth-suppressive effects of Ub on KT-3 and HL-60 cells were almost completely abrogated by the proteasome inhibitor PSI or MG132, suggesting the involvement of the proteasome pathway in this process. Furthermore, exogenous Ub evoked severe apoptosis of KT-3 and HL-60 cells through the activation of caspase-3. In interleukin-6 (IL-6)-dependent KT-3 cells, STAT3 was found to be conjugated by exogenous biotinylated Ub and to be degraded in a proteasome-dependent manner, whereas expression levels of STAT1, STAT5, or mitogen-activated protein kinase were not affected. Moreover, IL-6-induced the up-regulation of Bcl-2 and c-myc, and JunB was impaired in Ub-treated KT-3 cells, suggesting that the anti-apoptotic and mitogenic effects of IL-6 were disrupted by Ub. These results suggest that extracellular Ub was incorporated into hematopoietic cells and mediated their growth suppression and apoptosis through proteasome-dependent degradation of selective cellular proteins such as STAT3. (Blood. 2000;95:2577-2585)
authors.affiliation: Department of Hematology/Oncology, Biomedical Research Center, Osaka University Medical School, Osaka, Japan.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Daino
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Matsumura
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Takada
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Odajima
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ueda
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shibayama
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ikeda
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hibi
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Machii
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hirano
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kanakura
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D003546:Cysteine Endopeptidases / Q000378:metabolism*; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D018922:HL-60 Cells; D006412:Hematopoietic Stem Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000378:metabolism*; D009097:Multienzyme Complexes / Q000378:metabolism*; D046988:Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex; D050796:STAT3 Transcription Factor; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D015534:Trans-Activators / Q000378:metabolism*; D020298:U937 Cells; D014452:Ubiquitins / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D015850:Interleukin-6; D009097:Multienzyme Complexes; D050796:STAT3 Transcription Factor; C494086:STAT3 protein, human; D015534:Trans-Activators; D014452:Ubiquitins; D003546:Cysteine Endopeptidases; D046988:Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex