title: Effects of presurgical local infiltration of bupivacaine in the surgical field on postsurgical wound pain in laparoscopic gynecologic examinations: a possible preemptive analgesic effect.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A randomized, double-blind, controlled study was designed to evaluate the effect of presurgical local infiltration of bupivacaine in the surgical field on postsurgical wound pain relief and analgesic requirements in 28 healthy patients scheduled for laparoscopic gynecologic examinations.
  
  
  METHODS
  After induction of general anesthesia by routine methods, the patients were randomly divided into two groups. In the bupivacaine (B) group (n = 15), patients were injected with 5 ml of 0.25% bupivacaine at each incisional area (four sites, total of 20 ml) approximately 15 minutes before skin incision. In the control (C) group (n = 13), the surgical field was injected with an equal volume of physiologic saline solution (four sites, total of 20 ml).
  
  
  METHODS
  Postsurgical wound pain at rest was evaluated by a 10-cm visual analog pain scale at 1, 10, 24, and 72 hours and 1 month after surgery. The patients were interviewed via telephone 1 month after hospital discharge for re-evaluation of resting pain.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results indicated that the incidence of postsurgical wound pain for up to 10 hours after surgery in group B was significantly lower (p < 0.05) than in group C. Pain intensity ranged from mild to moderate (2-5 cm). In addition, the mean visual analog pain scale pain intensity was significantly less for group B (0.31 +/- 0.85 cm) than for group C (2.62 +/- 2.06 cm) for up to 10 hours after surgery (p < 0.05). The number of patients who requested analgesics and complained of sleep disturbances was significantly higher in group C (p < 0.05). The mean cumulative dose of diclofenac sodium at 24 hours was significantly (p < 0.05) lower in group B (6.67 +/- 17.6 mg) than in group C (30.8 +/- 25.3 mg). Prolonged postsurgical wound pain persisting 1 month after surgery was observed in one patient in group C.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It is concluded that presurgical infiltration of 0.25% bupivacaine in the surgical field is a useful method for decreasing postsurgical wound pain for up to 10 hours and analgesic consumption for up to 24 hours after laparoscopic gynecologic examination.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Surugadai Nihon University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan. jitukato@med.nihon-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kato
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ogawa
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Katz
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nagai
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kashiwazaki
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Saeki
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Suzuki
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000700:Analgesics / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002045:Bupivacaine / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006176:Gynecology / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000009:adverse effects*; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D010808:Physical Examination / Q000009:adverse effects*; D011300:Preoperative Care; D012890:Sleep
chemical_list: D000700:Analgesics; D002045:Bupivacaine