title: A comparison of pain rating scales by sampling from clinical trial data.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The goals of this study were to examine agreement and estimate differences in sensitivity between pain assessment scales.
  
  
  METHODS
  Multiple simultaneous pain assessments by patients in acute pain after oral surgery were used to compare a four-category verbal rating scale (VRS-4) and an 11-point numeric rating scale (NRS-11) with a 100-mm visual analog scale (VAS). The sensitivity of the scales (i.e., their ability [power] to detect differences between treatments) was compared in a simulation model by sampling from true pairs of observations using varying treatment differences of predetermined size.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was considerable variability in VAS scores within each VRS-4 or NRS-11 category both between patients and for repeated measures from the same patient. Simulation experiments showed that the VAS was systematically more powerful than the VRS-4 in all simulations performed. The sensitivity of the VAS and NRS-11 was approximately equal.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this acute pain model, the VRS-4 was less sensitive than the VAS. The simulation results demonstrated similar sensitivity of the NRS-11 and VAS when comparing acute postoperative pain intensity. The choice between the VAS and NRS-11 can thus be based on subjective preferences.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Surgery and Oral Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway. ekristin@udont.uio.no
authors.forename: E K
authors.initials: EK
authors.lastname: Breivik
authors.forename: G A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Björnsson
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Skovlund
mesh_terms: D004311:Double-Blind Method; D006801:Humans; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards*; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000503:physiopathology; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013269:Stochastic Processes; D013515:Surgery, Oral