title: Molecular epidemiology of a nosocomial outbreak due to Enterobacter cloacae and Enterobacter agglomerans in Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
abstract: A total of 73 isolates (57 Enterobacter cloacae and 16 Enterobacter agglomerans), recovered during an outbreak of bacteremia in the Campinas area, São Paulo, Brazil, were studied. Of these isolates, 61 were from parenteral nutrition solutions, 9 from blood cultures, 2 from a sealed bottle of parenteral nutrition solution, and one was of unknown origin. Of the 57 E. cloacae isolates, 54 were biotype 26, two were biotype 66 and one was non-typable. Of 39 E. cloacae isolates submitted to ribotyping, 87.2% showed the same banding pattern after cleavage with EcoRI and BamHI. No important differences were observed in the antimicrobial susceptibility patterns among E. cloacae isolates exhibiting the same biotype, serotype and ribotype. All E. agglomerans isolates, irrespective of their origin, showed same patterns when cleaved with EcoRI and BamHI. The results of this investigation suggest an intrinsic contamination of parenteral nutrition solutions and incriminate these products as a vehicle of infection in this outbreak.
authors.affiliation: Instituto Adolfo Lutz, São Paulo, SP, Brasil.
authors.forename: C R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Gonçalves
authors.forename: T M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Vaz
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Leite
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Pisani
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Simoes
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Prandi
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Rocha
authors.forename: P C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Cesar
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Trabasso
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: von Nowakonski
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Irino
mesh_terms: D015373:Bacterial Typing Techniques; D001938:Brazil / Q000453:epidemiology; D003428:Cross Infection / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology*; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D004196:Disease Outbreaks; D004754:Enterobacter / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics; D016972:Enterobacter cloacae / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics; D004756:Enterobacteriaceae Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology*; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D010641:Phenotype
chemical_list: D004269:DNA, Bacterial