title: Radiofrequency application to the posteroseptal region alters retrograde accessory pathway activation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Radiofrequency applications to the posteroseptal region can ablate the atrioventricular accessory pathway residing in this area. In conjunction with the adjacent anatomic structures, however, ablative lesions which do not effectively ablate the accessory pathway could markedly alter retrograde atrial activation sequence and confound interpretation of further mapping of an accessory pathway.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Electrophysiologic studies, endocardial activation mapping and radiofrequency catheter ablation were undertaken in three patients with recurrent supraventricular tachycardia. Patients were initially thought to have a single posteroseptal accessory pathway; earliest ventrioatrial activation during tachycardias and during ventricular pacing was at the coronary sinus ostium, but initial radiofrequency applications were unsuccessful to ablate the pathway. After initial radiofrequency applications to the posteroseptal region, the earliest retrograde atrial activation changed to the right atrial free wall in two patients. Additional radiofrequency application to the posteroseptal area was able to ablate the single posteroseptal accessory pathway in one patient. Radiofrequency application to the right atrial free wall was required to stop tachycardia initiation in other patient. The third patient was suspected of having a slow-slow atrioventricular nodal reentry tachycardia. Radiofrequency application to the posteroseptal area changed the earliest retrograde atrial activation to the distal coronary sinus recording site, mimicking an accessory pathway at the left atrial free wall. Radiofrequency application to the anteroseptum was able to ablate the concealed accessory pathway.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Radiofrequency applications to the posteroseptal region can markedly alter retrograde atrial activation, thereby confounding further mapping of the accessory pathway.
authors.affiliation: Section of Electrophysiology, Division of Cardiology, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, Ill, USA.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lanzarotti
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Barakat
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Olshansky
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D016275:Atrial Function; D017115:Catheter Ablation; D004562:Electrocardiography; D005260:Female; D006329:Heart Conduction System / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000502:physiology* / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male