title: Minimum inhibitory concentration determinations for various antimicrobial agents against 1570 bacterial isolates from turkey poults.
abstract: Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were determined for 1570 bacteria from eight geographic locations (1204 Escherichia coli, 231 other enteric gram-negative bacilli [including Citrobacter spp., Enterobacter spp., Klebsiella spp., Proteus spp., and Salmonella spp.], 31 Pseudomonas spp., 18 coagulase-positive staphylococci, 26 coagulase-negative staphylococci, and 55 streptococci and enterococci) by the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards broth microdilution procedure. Antimicrobial agents tested included ampicillin, ceftiofur, enrofloxacin, erythromycin, florfenicol, gentamicin, neomycin, spectinomycin, sulfamethazine, tetracycline, and trimethoprim/sulfadiazine. Against the E. coli strains tested, ceftiofur, enrofloxacin, gentamicin, and trimethoprim/sulfadiazine were the most active compounds with MIC at which 50% of the strains are at or below (MIC50) = 0.5, < or = 0.03, 0.5, and 0.13 microg/ml, respectively, and MIC at which 90% of the strains are at or below (MIC90) = 1.0, 0.13, 32.0, and 2.0 microg/ml, respectively. Ampicillin, florfenicol, neomycin, and spectinomycin were the next most active compounds against the E. coli strains, with MIC50 = 4.0, 4.0, 16.0, and 16.0 microg/ml, respectively. MIC90 values for these compounds against E. coli strains were > 32.0, 8.0, 512.0, and > 128.0 microg/ml, respectively. The remaining compounds exhibited limited, strain-dependent activity against the E. coli strains tested. As with the E. coli, enrofloxacin, ceftiofur, and trimethoprim/sulfadiazine were also the most active compounds against the 231 other enteric organisms tested, with MIC50 < or = 1.0 microg/ml for all of these genera. The remaining compounds exhibited limited activity against these genera. Against the gram-positive cocci tested, ampicillin, enrofloxacin, ceftiofur, and trimethoprim/sulfadiazine were most active, whereas the remaining compounds exhibited strain-dependent activity. When MIC data for E. coli were summarized separately, differences were observed between the geographic locations for the various antimicrobial agents. In conclusion, ceftiofur, enrofloxacin, and trimethoprim/sulfadiazine were the most active of the compounds tested against all of the bacterial strains.
authors.affiliation: Worldwide Animal Health Product Development, Pharmacia and Upjohn Animal Health, Kalamazoo, MI 49001, USA.
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Salmon
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Watts
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004755:Enterobacteriaceae / Q000145:classification / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D004756:Enterobacteriaceae Infections / Q000382:microbiology / Q000662:veterinary; D016908:Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections / Q000382:microbiology / Q000662:veterinary; D006095:Gram-Positive Cocci / Q000145:classification / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests / Q000662:veterinary; D011201:Poultry Diseases / Q000382:microbiology*; D011549:Pseudomonas / Q000145:classification / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D011552:Pseudomonas Infections / Q000382:microbiology / Q000662:veterinary; D014422:Turkeys
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents