title: Incentive spirometry does not enhance recovery after thoracic surgery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the additional effect of incentive spirometry to chest physiotherapy to prevent postoperative pulmonary complications after thoracic surgery for lung and esophageal resections.
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomized controlled trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  University hospital, intensive care unit, and surgical department.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty-seven patients (age, 59 +/- 13 yrs; forced expiratory volume in 1 sec, 93% +/- 22% predicted) undergoing elective thoracic surgery for lung (n = 40) or esophagus (n = 27) resection.
  
  
  METHODS
  Physiotherapy (breathing exercises, huffing, and coughing) (PT) plus incentive spirometry (IS) was compared with PT alone.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Lung function, body temperature, chest radiograph, white blood cell count, and number of hospital and intensive care unit days were all measured. Pulmonary function was significantly reduced after surgery (55% of the initial value) and improved significantly in the postoperative period in both groups. However, no differences were observed in the recovery of pulmonary function between the groups. The overall score of the chest radiograph, based on the presence of atelectasis, was similar in both treatment groups. Eight patients (12%) (three patients with lobectomy and five with esophagus resection) developed a pulmonary complication (abnormal chest radiograph, elevated body temperature and white blood cell count), four in each treatment group. Adding IS to regular PT did not reduce hospital or intensive care unit stay.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pulmonary complications after lung and esophagus surgery were relatively low. The addition of IS to PT did not further reduce pulmonary complications or hospital stay. Although we cannot rule out beneficial effects in a subgroup of high-risk patients, routine use of IS after thoracic surgery seems to be ineffective.
authors.affiliation: Respiratory Rehabilitation and Respiratory Division, University Hospitals, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, and the Faculty of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, Belgium. rik.gosselink@uz.kuleuven.ac.be
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gosselink
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Schrever
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Cops
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Witvrouwen
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: De Leyn
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Troosters
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lerut
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Deneffe
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Decramer
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001945:Breathing Exercises; D016629:Esophagectomy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007902:Length of Stay; D008171:Lung Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009042:Motivation; D011182:Postoperative Care / Q000379:methods; D013510:Pulmonary Surgical Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D012129:Respiratory Function Tests; D013147:Spirometry