title: Experimental retinopathy of prematurity: angiostatic inhibition by nimodipine, ginkgo-biloba, and dipyridamole, and response to different growth factors.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate whether commonly used vasodilating drugs ameliorate angiogenesis in experimental retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), and to study the response of these drugs to different growth factors.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used a rat and mouse model of oxygen-induced ischemic retinopathy. Animals were treated with nimodipine, gingko-biloba and dipyridamole intraperitoneally starting the day before exposure to room air (day 1). Controls were injected with vehicle solution only. Eyes were processed histopathologically with serial sections and neovascularization was measured by counting the nuclei within the retinal internal limiting membrane, by a masked observer. Retinal and vitreous tissues were assayed by ELISA for VEGF, PDGF and TGFbeta2.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Nimodipine significantly inhibited the growth of new vessels in rats. The number of nuclei was 310 +/- 69 in the control group (n:14) and 121 +/- 53 in the treated ones (n:14), (p<0.0005). Similar results were found with ginkgo-biloba extracts: 344 +/- 53 (n:15) in controls, and 136 +/- 29 (n:11) in treated ones (p<0.0005), and with dipyridamole: 303 +/- 69 (n:13) in controls, and 131 +/- 48.5 in treated rats (p<0.0005). Results were similar in mice. 186 +/- 45 (n:7) nuclei counted in controls against 90 +/- 25 (n:6) for dipyridamole treated (p<0.0005); and 81 +/- 21 for ginkgo-biloba treated animals (p<0.0005). A gradual, very significant increase in VEGF values in response to relative hypoxia (room air) contrasted with the significant inhibition noted both with ginkgo-biloba extracts and dipyridamole. TGFbeta2 and PDGF both showed a gradual increase in relative hypoxia at days 2 and 4 of room air (p<0.0005). Treated animals showed marked inhibition of the three growth factors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  All three drugs markedly inhibited angiogenesis in experimental ROP. Growth factors were elevated in hypoxic conditions. Treated animals showed significant decreases of PDGF, VEGF, and TGFbeta2 in retinal and vitreous tissues.
authors.affiliation: Fundación VER, Córdoba, Argentina. funver@powernet.com.ar
authors.forename: C P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Juárez
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Muiño
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Guglielmone
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sambuelli
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Echenique
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hernández
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Luna
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D004176:Dipyridamole / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D016228:Endothelial Growth Factors / Q000378:metabolism; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D020441:Ginkgo biloba; D006133:Growth Substances / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008222:Lymphokines / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D009553:Nimodipine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010946:Plants, Medicinal; D010982:Platelet-Derived Growth Factor / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D015861:Retinal Neovascularization / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D012171:Retinal Vessels / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D012178:Retinopathy of Prematurity / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000378:metabolism; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D042442:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors; D014665:Vasodilator Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014822:Vitreous Body / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D016228:Endothelial Growth Factors; D006133:Growth Substances; D008222:Lymphokines; D010936:Plant Extracts; D010982:Platelet-Derived Growth Factor; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D042442:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors; D014665:Vasodilator Agents; D009553:Nimodipine; D004176:Dipyridamole