title: Evaluation of a free vascularized medial tibial bone graft in dogs.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To develop a free vascularized tibial bone graft based on the periosteal saphenous blood supply.
  
  
  METHODS
  Preliminary anatomic study of medial tibial blood supply. In vivo comparison of a vascularized and avascular tibial bone graft.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nine canine cadavers; 14 healthy adult dogs that weighed 25 to 32 kg.
  
  
  METHODS
  An anatomic study of the vascular supply of the medial aspect of the tibia was performed using the Spalteholz technique. A bone graft consisting of the medial aspect of the tibia was transferred to a mandibular defect as a vascularized graft in 7 dogs and as an avascular graft in 7 dogs. Bone scans were performed to evaluate graft perfusion. Radiographic evaluation of the mandibles and tibias was performed. The dogs were killed after 60 days, five mandibles from each group were examined histologically, and two from each group were evaluated using the Spalteholz technique.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The saphenous vascular pedicle provides vascular perfusion to the medial tibial cortex. Bone scans and radiographic evaluations were consistent with viable bone in the vascularized grafts, and nonviable bone in the avascular grafts. Histological examination revealed live, healing bone in vascular grafts and necrotic bone in avascular grafts. Spalteholz evaluation revealed many small arborizing vessels in the vascular grafts and no organized vasculature in the avascular grafts.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The vascularized medial tibial cortical bone graft survived and proceeded to bony union in the mandibular body defect more readily than the avascular graft in this experimental model.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A vascularized medial tibial bone graft is a suitable free graft for use in reconstructing bone defects in dogs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824, USA.
authors.forename: T N
authors.initials: TN
authors.lastname: Bebchuk
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Degner
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Walshaw
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Brourman
authors.forename: S P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Arnoczky
authors.forename: R L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Stickle
authors.forename: C W
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Probst
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016025:Bone Transplantation / Q000662:veterinary*; D002102:Cadaver; D004285:Dogs / Q000601:surgery*; D008334:Mandible / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D011859:Radiography; D011877:Radionuclide Imaging; D011897:Random Allocation; D013977:Tibia / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000637:transplantation*