title: Evaluation of valve sound and its effects on ATS prosthetic valves in patients' quality of life.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We interviewed patients and carried out frequency analyses to compare the closing sounds of ATS and St. Jude Medical (SJM) prosthetic valves.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-five patients undergoing valve replacements using ATS valves were investigated. We interviewed patients at 1 month and 1 year after the operation, and carried out frequency analysis to investigate the prosthetic valve's closing sound.
  
  
  RESULTS
  According to the results of the interviews, 84.4% of patients with ATS valves were not aware of the valve sounds. ATS valves scored significantly lower than SJM valves on audibility of the valve sound, disturbance during daytime, sleep disturbance, request for replacement with a soundless prosthetic valve, audibility to others, and noise index. According to the frequency analysis on the prosthetic valve's closing sound, the sound peak of the ATS valves was around 1.2 kHz, and the sound pressure of the ATS valves was significantly lower than that of the SJM valves.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Though a further long-term observation on thromboembolism and hemolysis is needed for evaluation of prosthetic valves, the ATS valve is presently considered to impart a better quality of life.
authors.affiliation: Second Department of Surgery, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sezai
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shiono
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Orime
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hata
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yagi
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Negishi
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sezai
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D006350:Heart Valve Prosthesis; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011474:Prosthesis Design; D011788:Quality of Life; D013016:Sound