title: Frequent genotype changes at -308, and 488 regions of the tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) gene in patients with prostate cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) is involved in oncogenesis of several cancers. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether genotype changes of TNF-alpha promoter regions (-238, -308) and at the 488 region are associated with human prostate cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  The DNA from 73 cases of human prostate cancer was analyzed by allele-specific polymerase chain reaction to characterize the genotype changes of three regions of the TNF-alpha gene in prostate cancer patients. We also determined the genotype frequency in these patients. The relative risk of variant genotype was calculated by comparing with our previous data from healthy controls.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Genetic changes were detected in 15.1% (11/73) of prostate cancer samples at 488 region of TNF-alpha. Seventy-three percent (53/73) of the patients showed genotype GA at -308 region of TNF-alpha. Genotype GA at 488 region in TNF-alpha was observed in 73% (53/73) of the cancer and 71% (52/73) of the normal tissue. The relative risks of incidence for prostate cancer was 14-fold higher in people with genotype GA at -308 region of TNF-alpha. The relative incidence for prostate cancer was a 17-fold higher in-patient with genotype GA at 488 region of TNF-alpha. Genotype GA at -308 of TNF-alpha was related to higher clinical tumor stage of prostate cancer than genotype G (p <0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present study demonstrates, for the first time, that the genotype changes in -308 and 488 regions of TNF-alpha are associated with prostate cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Chonnam University Medical School, Kwangju, Korea.
authors.forename: B R
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Oh
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sasaki
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Perinchery
authors.forename: S B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Ryu
authors.forename: Y I
authors.initials: YI
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Carroll
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Dahiya
mesh_terms: D000483:Alleles; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000235:genetics*; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha