title: Shaping and cleaning the root canal system: a scanning electron microscopic evaluation of a new instrumentation and irrigation technique.
abstract: The purpose of the present scanning electron microscopic study was to investigate the efficacy of a combination of EDTA, NaOCl, and surface-active irrigating solutions during and after root canal preparation with ProFile nickel-titanium rotary instruments. Thirty canals were divided into three groups, instrumented and irrigated as follows: 5% NaOCl and a final flush with 17% EDTA were used for group A; group B specimens were irrigated using 17% EDTA, followed 15 s later by 1% TRITON X-100 (tensioactive agent) and then by 5% NaOCl; and group C specimens were irrigated with the same combination, but once shaping procedures were completed the irrigating sequence was repeated three times. After scanning electron microscopic evaluation, group C specimens exhibited the most effective debridement of the root canals. Results showed that tensioactive agent contributed to enhanced debridement. Cleaning was significantly improved once shaping procedures were completed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dental Materials, Siena University, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gambarini
mesh_terms: D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D003755:Dental High-Speed Technique; D003762:Dental Instruments; D003804:Dentin / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D004492:Edetic Acid; D006801:Humans; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D009532:Nickel; D017830:Octoxynol; D011897:Random Allocation; D012388:Root Canal Irrigants; D018915:Root Canal Preparation / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods*; D012399:Rotation; D016369:Smear Layer; D012973:Sodium Hypochlorite; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D014025:Titanium
chemical_list: D012388:Root Canal Irrigants; C040654:titanium nickelide; D009532:Nickel; D017830:Octoxynol; D004492:Edetic Acid; D014025:Titanium; D012973:Sodium Hypochlorite