title: Diaspirin cross-linked hemoglobin improves mucosal perfusion in the ileum of septic rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the effect of a bolus infusion of diaspirin cross-linked hemoglobin (DCLHb or hemoglobin crosfumaril) on the ileal mucosal microcirculation in septic rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective, randomized, single-blinded study.
  
  
  METHODS
  University-affiliated animal research laboratory.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-four male Sprague-Dawley rats, weighing 320-380 g.
  
  
  METHODS
  Under inhalational anesthesia, arterial and venous catheters were inserted and sepsis was created by cecal ligation and perforation (CLP). Twenty-four hours later, animals were reanesthetized and ventilated. Via midline abdominal incision, the ileum was mobilized and prepared for intravital microscopy. Post-CLP hemodynamic values were obtained, and videomicroscopy was performed on four to ten villi. Animals were then randomized to receive 2 mL of DCLHb solution (100 mg/mL; n = 12) or pentastarch (n = 12) intravenously, and measurements were repeated after 20 mins. Rats treated with DCLHb then received nitroprusside to restore mean arterial pressure to post-CLP levels, and final measurements were obtained 15 mins later.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cardiac index increased with both treatments (p < .001), whereas systemic vascular resistance index and mean arterial blood pressure were augmented only with DCLHb (p < .0001 compared with pentastarch). Intercapillary areas (ICA; inversely related to capillary density) were determined using computerized image analysis. ICA size decreased after treatment, from 974 +/- 79 to 791 +/- 106 microm2 with DCLHb and from 1044 +/- 90 to 840 +/- 82 microm2 with pentastarch (both p < .05). Red blood cell velocity in terminal arterioles, as assessed by velocimetry from the recorded images, increased by 15% with both treatments (p < .05). Restoration of mean arterial pressure to post-CLP levels in DCLHb animals by nitroprusside infusion abolished the effects of the hemoglobin solution on ICA size and red blood cell velocity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Both DCLHb and pentastarch infusion improved microcirculatory perfusion in the ileum of septic rats. In addition, DCLHb also exhibited vasopressor properties, which in combination with improved perfusion may be particularly useful in the treatment of sepsis.
authors.affiliation: A.C. Burton Vascular Biology Laboratory, Victoria Hospital Research Institute, The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada.
authors.forename: A W
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Sielenkämper
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Eichelbrönner
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.forename: S W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Madorin
authors.forename: I H
authors.initials: IH
authors.lastname: Chin-Yee
authors.forename: W J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Sibbald
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001160:Arterioles / Q000187:drug effects; D001241:Aspirin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001802:Blood Substitutes / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002196:Capillaries / Q000187:drug effects; D005078:Exchange Transfusion, Whole Blood / Q000379:methods; D006439:Hemodynamics; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007082:Ileum / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008833:Microcirculation / Q000187:drug effects; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011897:Random Allocation; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D018805:Sepsis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D016037:Single-Blind Method
chemical_list: D001802:Blood Substitutes; D006454:Hemoglobins; C083478:diaspirin-cross-linked hemoglobin; D001241:Aspirin