title: Comparison of flaps versus grafts in proximal hypospadias surgery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We analyzed the complication rate in patients who underwent proximal hypospadias repair using preputial skin as a flap or free graft.
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrospectively reviewed the records of 142 patients who underwent proximal hypospadias repair. Repairs were subdivided into tubed and onlay repairs within the flap and free graft groups. We analyzed postoperative complications, including fistulas, proximal strictures, diverticula and meatal stenosis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Median patient age at followup was 11.3 months and median followup was 9.4 months. Two-thirds of the repairs were performed with free grafts. A proximal stricture developed in 8 and 0 patients who underwent free tubed graft and free onlay repair, respectively (p = 0.047). Otherwise there was no significant difference in the complication rate of the various types of repair. Of the 43 patients who had stricture, fistula or meatal stenosis 29 (67%) presented more than 1 year after surgery.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In repairs performed with free grafts there is a significantly higher proximal stricture rate when a tube rather than an onlay is used. Otherwise we noted no significant difference in the complication rates of flaps and grafts used to repair proximal hypospadias. A significant number of complications presented more than 1 year postoperatively and they may even present as late as 4 years. This finding suggests that longer followup may be necessary to assess completely the outcome of proximal hypospadias surgery.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Naval Medical Center San Diego, California, USA.
authors.forename: C R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Powell
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Mcaleer
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Alagiri
authors.forename: G W
authors.initials: GW
authors.lastname: Kaplan
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D007021:Hypospadias / Q000601:surgery*; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013524:Surgical Flaps; D013521:Urologic Surgical Procedures, Male / Q000379:methods