An integrative review illuminates curricular applications of primary health care.
The International Council of Nurses supported primary health care and advocated its acceptance by other intersectorial stakeholders. Nurse educators involved in curriculum development have respected this direction. To pursue the primary health care vision and influence the adoption of primary health care delivery systems, all principles of primary health care must be implemented simultaneously. An integrative review was conducted to ascertain the interpretation of primary health care held by nurse authors. A content analysis of the nursing literature revealed that 184 of the 254 articles retrieved (72%), applied primary health care in a manner that is consistent with the World Health Organization (WHO) definition. Through curricular applications of different interpretations of the primary health care principles, differences in the created learning environment are discussed. The Declaration of Alma Ata, evolving from beliefs and values shared by 134 member nations present at the Assembly, delineated that primary health care was the accepted infrastructure to guide policies that direct health care delivery systems regardless of the context in the country (WHO, 1978). Even with this overwhelming endorsement, very few countries have made changes in policies and infrastructure for implementing the underlying values and beliefs ascribed in primary health care. Changes that have occurred have not been organized around the vision or the principles of primary health care. This delay has had, and will continue to have, a huge impact on nursing education, practice, and research. Nurses are interested in helping people attain, maintain, or regain health; primary health care has the potential to achieve health for all citizens of the world.
MacIntosh
J
J
Faculty of Nursing, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, Canada.
McCormack
D
D
D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D003152:Community Health Nursing / Q000458:organization & administration; D003256:Community Participation; D003479:Curriculum; D004506:Education, Nursing / Q000458:organization & administration*; D019317:Evidence-Based Medicine; D005181:Faculty, Nursing; D006291:Health Policy; D006297:Health Services Accessibility / Q000592:standards; D006801:Humans; D007392:International Council of Nurses / Q000458:organization & administration*; D015399:Nursing Research / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D009936:Organizational Innovation; D009937:Organizational Objectives; D010687:Philosophy, Nursing; D011320:Primary Health Care; D016730:Program Development; D014944:World Health Organization / Q000458:organization & administration*