title: IL-13-mediated worm expulsion is B7 independent and IFN-gamma sensitive.
abstract: B7 costimulation is a required component of many type 2 immune responses, including allergy and protective immunity to many nematode parasites. This response includes elevations in Th2 cytokines and associated effector functions including elevations in serum IgG1 and IgE and parasite expulsion. In studies of mice infected with Trichuris muris, blocking B7 ligand interactions inhibited protective immunity, suppressed IL-4 production, and enhanced IFN-gamma production, but unexpectedly did not inhibit production of the Th2 cytokine, IL-13. Blocking both IFN-gamma and B7 restored protective immunity, which was IL-13 dependent, but did not restore IL-4 or associated IgE responses. Although IL-13 was required for worm expulsion in mice in which both IFN-gamma and B7 were blocked, IL-4 could mediate expulsion in the absence of both IL-13 and IFN-gamma. These studies demonstrate that 1) B7 costimulation is required to induce IL-4, but not IL-13 responses; 2) IL-13 is elevated in association with the IFN-gamma response that occurs following inhibition of B7 interactions, but can only mediate IL-4-independent protection when IFN-gamma is also inhibited; and 3) increased IL-13 production, in the absence of increased IL-4 production, is not associated with an IgE response, even in the absence of IFN-gamma.
authors.affiliation: Immunology Disease Resistance Laboratory, Livestock and Poultry Sciences Institute, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Urban
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Fang
authors.forename: Q
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Ekkens
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Nguyen
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Mitro
authors.forename: D D
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Donaldson
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Byrd
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Peach
authors.forename: S C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Morris
authors.forename: F D
authors.initials: FD
authors.lastname: Finkelman
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Schopf
authors.forename: W C
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Gause
mesh_terms: D000069594:Abatacept; D000818:Animals; D015703:Antigens, CD; D000943:Antigens, Differentiation / Q000008:administration & dosage; D018122:B7-1 Antigen / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D060908:CTLA-4 Antigen; D016207:Cytokines / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D018796:Immunoconjugates; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D018793:Interleukin-13 / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000502:physiology*; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000172:deficiency / Q000235:genetics; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000469:parasitology; D008024:Ligands; D051379:Mice; D008806:Mice, Inbred AKR; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D018418:Th2 Cells / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D014257:Trichuriasis / Q000276:immunology* / Q000469:parasitology; D014258:Trichuris / Q000254:growth & development / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD; D000943:Antigens, Differentiation; D018122:B7-1 Antigen; D060908:CTLA-4 Antigen; C556707:Ctla4 protein, mouse; D016207:Cytokines; D018796:Immunoconjugates; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D018793:Interleukin-13; D008024:Ligands; D015847:Interleukin-4; D000069594:Abatacept; D007371:Interferon-gamma