title: Functional MRI correlates of real and imagined tool-use pantomimes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the pattern of cerebral activation related to the performance of tool-use pantomimes with functional MRI (fMRI) using a task-subtraction design.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Tool use comprises a particular category of transitive actions. Inability to pantomime the use of tools has been classically associated with retrorolandic dominant hemisphere damage. However, where in the left hemisphere these transitive representations are generated is unclear.
  
  
  METHODS
  Echoplanar images were acquired in eight alternating task and control periods. Sixteen right-handed normal adults pantomimed the use of common tools and utensils with each hand. The control condition consisted of a sequence of nonsymbolic complex movements of forearm, hand, and fingers at a self-paced rate. Eight individuals also imagined the execution of the real task and control actions. A repeated measures ANOVA compared activations in five regions of interest in each hemisphere.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Regardless of which hand was used, the left hemisphere was more active than the right in both real (p < 0.02) and imagined (p < 0.04) tasks. Activations clustered in the left intraparietal cortex and posterior dorsolateral frontal cortex.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pantomiming the use of tools is associated with activation of the left intraparietal cortex and dorsolateral frontal cortex. The left intraparietal cortex may store the representations of tool-use formulae, whereas the dorsolateral frontal cortex activation may reflect the switching between innervatory motor programs.
authors.affiliation: Neuroimaging Division, Functional MRI Center, Hospital Barra d'Or and LABS, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. jorgemoll@hotmail.com
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Moll
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: de Oliveira-Souza
authors.forename: L J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Passman
authors.forename: F C
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Cunha
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Souza-Lima
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Andreiuolo
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001921:Brain / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000502:physiology*; D001931:Brain Mapping; D005260:Female; D007839:Functional Laterality / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013647:Task Performance and Analysis; D014796:Visual Perception / Q000502:physiology*