title: Assessment of estrus detection by visual observation and electronic detection methods and characterization of factors associated with estrus and pregnancy in beef heifers.
abstract: One hundred and sixty-four beef heifers representing Angus, Brahman and their crosses were subjected to estrus synchronization treatment following evaluation of weight, body condition score and reproductive tract. Heifers were assigned to 1 of 2 methods of estrus detection, either visual observation for signs of standing estrus or a rump-mounted pressure-sensitive detection device. All heifers were artificially inseminated during a 25d insemination period and then bred by a bull. The effectiveness of estrus detection and timely insemination were evaluated by the type of detection method, breed and breeding event resulting in a pregnancy. Although there was not a significant difference in first service conception for method of detection, at the end of a 25-d insemination period, 60.5% of the visually observed heifers were pregnant, while only 45.8% of the heifers detected by the mount detection device were pregnant (P = 0.05). The reduced 25-d conception rate in the pressure-sensitive detection group suggested that insemination of detected heifers may not have been optimal for pregnancy. The mean time to estrus after implant removal and the time of insemination were evaluated. Heifers pregnant at the first service had a shorter time to estrus (32.11 +/- 1.6 h, P=0.13), a longer mean interval from the start of estrus to insemination (12.10 +/- 1.2 h, P = 0.16) and a positive mean interval between the end of standing estrus and the time of insemination (3.17 +/-1.7 h, P=0.19) than heifers not conceiving at the synchronized estrus (38.5 +/- 2.1, 7.42 +/- 1.9 h and -2.04 +/- 2.1 h, respectively). Breed differences were observed in estrus durations (Angus 8.52 +/- 1.2 h, Brahman 6.65 +/- 1.2 h, crossbred 11.90 +/- 1.2 h; P = 0.03), number of mounts (19 +/- 3.6, 25 +/- 5.4, 37 +/- 5.5, respectively; P=0.02) and gestation length (281 +/- 1.2, 291 +/- 1.8, 286 +/- 1.1 d, respectively; P = 0.001).
authors.affiliation: Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville 32610-0136, USA.
authors.forename: D O
authors.initials: DO
authors.lastname: Rae
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Chenoweth
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Giangreco
authors.forename: P W
authors.initials: PW
authors.lastname: Dixon
authors.forename: F L
authors.initials: FL
authors.lastname: Bennett
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001947:Breeding; D002417:Cattle; D004581:Electronics; D004971:Estrus / Q000502:physiology*; D004972:Estrus Detection / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D007315:Insemination, Artificial / Q000662:veterinary; D008297:Male; D011247:Pregnancy; D011270:Pregnancy, Animal / Q000502:physiology*; D013045:Species Specificity