title: Fetal distress increases interleukin-6 and interleukin-8 and decreases tumour necrosis factor-alpha cord blood levels in noninfected full-term neonates.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the influence of fetal distress on interleukin-1beta, interleukin-6, interleukin-8 and on tumour necrosis factor-alpha blood levels in noninfected full-term neonates.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a multicentre prospective study, cord blood samples were obtained at time of delivery from 234 noninfected full-term neonates for the purposes of measuring serum levels of interleukin-1beta, interleukin-6, interleukin-8 and tumour necrosis factor-alpha using immunoassays. Women were classified into four groups according to the mode of delivery (vaginal delivery or caesarean section) and the presence or absence of fetal distress. The role of labour was also investigated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No significant relationship was found between cytokine cord blood levels and the mode of delivery. Fetal distress was associated with an increase in interleukin-6 (P = 0.01) and interleukin-8 (P < 0.001) levels, and a decrease in tumour necrosis factor-alpha (P < 0.001). Labour was also associated with a significant increase in interleukin-6 and interleukin-8 cord blood levels (P = 0.01 and P < 0.001, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Fetal distress and labour were each associated with elevated interleukin-6 and interleukin-8 cord blood levels in noninfected full term neonates while only fetal distress was associated with decreased tumour necrosis factor-alpha levels.
authors.affiliation: Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Caen University Hospital, France.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jokic
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Guillois
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Cauquelin
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Giroux
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Bessis
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Morello
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Levy
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Ballet
mesh_terms: D036861:Delivery, Obstetric; D005260:Female; D005312:Fetal Blood / Q000737:chemistry*; D005316:Fetal Distress / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000378:metabolism*; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D015850:Interleukin-6; D016209:Interleukin-8; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha