title: Development and validation of a self-report symptom inventory to assess the severity of oral-pharyngeal dysphagia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to develop and evaluate the validity and reliability of a self-report inventory to measure symptomatic severity of oral-pharyngeal dysphagia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Test-retest reliability and face, content, and construct validity of a prototype visual analogue scale inventory were assessed in 45 patients who had stable, neuromyogenic dysphagia.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Normalized scores varied over time by -0.5% +/- 17.6% (95% confidence interval, -9.2% to 8.2%). Factor analysis identified a single factor (dysphagia), to which 18 of 19 questions contributed significantly, that accounted for 56% of total variance (P < 0.0001). After deletion of 2 questions with poor face validity and patient compliance, this proportion increased to 59%; mean test-retest change was -2% (95% confidence interval, -11% to 7%); and total score correlated highly with an independent global assessment severity score (r = 0.7; P < 0.0001). A mean 70% reduction in score (P < 0.0001) was observed after surgery in patients with Zenker's diverticulum (discriminant validity).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Applied to patients with neuromyogenic dysphagia, the 17-question inventory shows strong test-retest reliability over 2 weeks as well as face, content, and construct validity. Discriminant validity (responsiveness) has been demonstrated in a population with a correctable, structural cricopharyngeal disorder. Responsiveness of the instrument to treatment in neuromyogenic dysphagia remains to be quantified.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, St. George Hospital, Sydney, Australia.
authors.forename: K L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Wallace
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Middleton
authors.forename: I J
authors.initials: IJ
authors.lastname: Cook
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003680:Deglutition Disorders / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009059:Mouth Diseases / Q000503:physiopathology*; D010608:Pharyngeal Diseases / Q000503:physiopathology*; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires / Q000592:standards