title: Surfactant-associated protein A inhibits LPS-induced cytokine and nitric oxide production in vivo.
abstract: The role of surfactant-associated protein (SP) A in the mediation of pulmonary responses to bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was assessed in vivo with SP-A gene-targeted [SP-deficient; SP-A(-/-)] and wild-type [SP-A(+/+)] mice. Concentrations of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, macrophage inflammatory protein-2, and nitric oxide were determined in recovered bronchoalveolar lavage fluid after intratracheal administration of LPS. SP-A(-/-) mice produced significantly more TNF-alpha and nitric oxide than SP-A(+/+) mice after LPS treatment. Intratracheal administration of human SP-A (1 mg/kg) to SP-A(-/-) mice restored regulation of TNF-alpha, macrophage inflammatory protein-2, and nitric oxide production to that of SP-A(+/+) mice. Other markers of lung injury including bronchoalveolar fluid protein, phospholipid content, and neutrophil numbers were not influenced by SP-A. Data from experiments designed to test possible mechanisms of SP-A-mediated suppression suggest that neither binding of LPS by SP-A nor enhanced LPS clearance are the primary means of inhibition. Our data and others suggest that SP-A acts directly on immune cells to suppress LPS-induced inflammation. These results demonstrate that endogenous or exogenous SP-A inhibits pulmonary LPS-induced cytokine and nitric oxide production in vivo.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Borron
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: McIntosh
authors.forename: T R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Korfhagen
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Whitsett
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Wright
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001992:Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid / Q000737:chemistry; D054426:Chemokine CXCL2; D016207:Cytokines / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000096:biosynthesis; D004926:Escherichia coli; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D015846:Monokines / Q000378:metabolism; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000096:biosynthesis; D009573:Nitrites / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D011014:Pneumonia / Q000378:metabolism; D011510:Proteolipids / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D037662:Pulmonary Surfactant-Associated Protein A; D037661:Pulmonary Surfactant-Associated Proteins; D011663:Pulmonary Surfactants / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors
chemical_list: D054426:Chemokine CXCL2; D016207:Cytokines; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D015846:Monokines; D009573:Nitrites; D011510:Proteolipids; D037662:Pulmonary Surfactant-Associated Protein A; D037661:Pulmonary Surfactant-Associated Proteins; D011663:Pulmonary Surfactants; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D009569:Nitric Oxide