title: CLOCK, an essential pacemaker component, controls expression of the circadian transcription factor DBP.
abstract: DBP, the founding member of the PAR leucine zipper transcription factor family, is expressed according to a robust daily rhythm in the suprachiasmatic nucleus and several peripheral tissues. Previous studies with mice deleted for the Dbp gene have established that DBP participates in the regulation of several clock outputs, including locomotor activity, sleep distribution, and liver gene expression. Here we present evidence that circadian Dbp transcription requires the basic helix-loop-helix-PAS protein CLOCK, an essential component of the negative-feedback circuitry generating circadian oscillations in mammals and fruit flies. Genetic and biochemical experiments suggest that CLOCK regulates Dbp expression by binding to E-box motifs within putative enhancer regions located in the first and second introns. Similar E-box motifs have been found previously in the promoter sequence of the murine clock gene mPeriod1. Hence, the same molecular mechanisms generating circadian oscillations in the expression of clock genes may directly control the rhythmic transcription of clock output regulators such as Dbp.
authors.affiliation: Département de Biologie Moléculaire, Science II, Université de Genève, CH-1211 Genève 4, Switzerland.
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Ripperger
authors.forename: L P
authors.initials: LP
authors.lastname: Shearman
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Reppert
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Schibler
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D056926:CLOCK Proteins; D002940:Circadian Rhythm; D017931:DNA Primers; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D003850:Deoxyribonuclease I / Q000378:metabolism; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000502:physiology*; D007438:Introns; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008817:Mice, Mutant Strains; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D013493:Suprachiasmatic Nucleus / Q000378:metabolism; D015534:Trans-Activators / Q000502:physiology*; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics*; D014158:Transcription, Genetic / Q000502:physiology; D014162:Transfection
chemical_list: D017931:DNA Primers; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; C498260:Dbp protein, mouse; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D015534:Trans-Activators; D014157:Transcription Factors; D056926:CLOCK Proteins; C538944:Clock protein, mouse; D003850:Deoxyribonuclease I