title: HIF-1: mediator of physiological and pathophysiological responses to hypoxia.
abstract: All organisms can sense O(2) concentration and respond to hypoxia with adaptive changes in gene expression. The large body size of mammals necessitates the development of multiple complex physiological systems to ensure adequate O(2) delivery to all cells under normal conditions. The transcriptional regulator hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) is an essential mediator of O(2) homeostasis. HIF-1 is required for the establishment of key physiological systems during development and their subsequent utilization in fetal and postnatal life. HIF-1 also appears to play a key role in the pathophysiology of cancer, cardiovascular disease, and chronic lung disease, which represent the major causes of mortality among industrialized societies. Genetic or pharmacological modulation of HIF-1 activity in vivo may represent a novel therapeutic approach to these disorders.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Genetic Medicine, Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287-3914, USA. gsemenza@jhmi.edu
authors.forename: G L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Semenza
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006801:Humans; D000860:Hypoxia / Q000503:physiopathology*; D051793:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1; D051795:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit; D008322:Mammals; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D010100:Oxygen / Q000378:metabolism*; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; C497442:HIF1A protein, human; D051793:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1; D051795:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors; D010100:Oxygen