title: Bilingualism, school achievement, and mental wellbeing: a follow-up study of return migrant children.
abstract: In the first phase of this follow-up study we investigated how the use of more than one language affects mental wellbeing and school achievement among 320 school-aged Finnish-Swedish re-migrant children. Now, in the second phase, we screened the same series of children 6 years after migration for psychiatric and psychosomatic symptoms. Out of five groups distinguished in terms of patterns of language use, two had fared well and three showed evident vulnerability. Both successful groups were marked by consistent use of the two languages, Finnish and Swedish, whereas the risk groups were characterised by mixed use of languages before re-migration or substantial language shift after re-migration.
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatrics, University of Oulu, Finland.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Vuorenkoski
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Kuure
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Moilanen
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Penninkilampi
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Myhrman
mesh_terms: D000124:Achievement; D000293:Adolescent; D000294:Adolescent Behavior / Q000523:psychology; D002648:Child; D002653:Child Behavior Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D002657:Child Development / Q000502:physiology; D003469:Culture; D003863:Depression / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D004641:Emigration and Immigration; D005387:Finland / Q000453:epidemiology; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007802:Language; D008603:Mental Health; D019303:Multilingualism; D013001:Somatoform Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires