title: Interpretation and enantiomer analysis of methamphetamine abusers' urine and illegally brewed methamphetamine crystals.
abstract: This study deals with the high-performance liquid chromatographic identification of methamphetamine (MAMP) and amphetamine (AMP) enantiomers (d- and l-forms) in five illicit MAMP crystals and in urine specimens from 30 Japanese MAMP abusers. The analysis revealed that two of the types of crystals have a different optical purity ratio (l/d) and the other three have a single crystal of either the d- or l-enantiomer. The l/d ratios of two types of crystals were 0.04 and 49.4, and no racemic form (l/d = 1.00) was found. The urinary analysis showed that nonmetabolized MAMP and its demethylated metabolite, AMP, were present in urine specimens of all addicts. The stereoisomeric profiles in urine can be classified roughly into five groups according to the detected amount and the l/d ratio of MAMP and AMP enantiomers collected at one time point. In the first group, only d-MAMP and d-AMP were detected (in 16 cases). In the second group, only l-MAMP and l-AMP were detected (in one case). In the third group, the amount of the l-enantiomer detected, for both MAMP and AMP, was less than that of the d-enantiomer, and the l/d ratio was between 0.004 and 0.54 for MAMP and between 0.01 and 0.07 for AMP (in five cases). In the fourth group, the l-enantiomer of MAMP and AMP was found to be more abundant than the d-enantiomer, and the l/d ratio was between 2.63 and 30.11 for MAMP and between 1.23 and 31.30 for AMP (in four cases). In the fifth group, the amount of l-MAMP detected was greater than that of d-MAMP, and less l-AMP than d-AMP was detected. The l/d ratios were between 1.13 and 8.82 for MAMP and between 0.17 and 0.82 for AMP (in four cases). These results might be suitable for identification and the forensic toxicological investigation of AMP analogues.
authors.affiliation: Department of Legal Medicine, Dokkyo University of School of Medicine, Tochigi, Japan.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nagai
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Matsushima
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nagai
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yanagisawa
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fujita
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kurosu
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tokudome
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000661:Amphetamine / Q000652:urine; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D003460:Crystallization; D005260:Female; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008694:Methamphetamine / Q000652:urine*; D008875:Middle Aged; D013237:Stereoisomerism; D015813:Substance Abuse Detection / Q000379:methods; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000652:urine*
chemical_list: D008694:Methamphetamine; D000661:Amphetamine