title: A pleckstrin homology domain specific for phosphatidylinositol 4, 5-bisphosphate (PtdIns-4,5-P2) and fused to green fluorescent protein identifies plasma membrane PtdIns-4,5-P2 as being important in exocytosis.
abstract: Kinetically distinct steps can be distinguished in the secretory response from neuroendocrine cells with slow ATP-dependent priming steps preceding the triggering of exocytosis by Ca(2+). One of these priming steps involves the maintenance of phosphatidylinositol 4, 5-bisphosphate (PtdIns-4,5-P(2)) through lipid kinases and is responsible for at least 70% of the ATP-dependent secretion observed in digitonin-permeabilized chromaffin cells. PtdIns-4,5-P(2) is usually thought to reside on the plasma membrane. However, because phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase is an integral chromaffin granule membrane protein, PtdIns-4,5-P(2) important in exocytosis may reside on the chromaffin granule membrane. In the present study we have investigated the localization of PtdIns-4,5-P(2) that is involved in exocytosis by transiently expressing in chromaffin cells a pleckstrin homology (PH) domain that specifically binds PtdIns-4, 5-P(2) and is fused to green fluorescent protein (GFP). The PH-GFP protein predominantly associated with the plasma membrane in chromaffin cells without any detectable association with chromaffin granules. Rhodamine-neomycin, which also binds to PtdIns-4,5-P(2), showed a similar subcellular localization. The transiently expressed PH-GFP inhibited exocytosis as measured by both biochemical and electrophysiological techniques. The results indicate that the inhibition was at a step after Ca(2+) entry and suggest that plasma membrane PtdIns-4,5-P(2) is important for exocytosis. Expression of PH-GFP also reduced calcium currents, raising the possibility that PtdIns-4,5-P(2) in some manner alters calcium channel function in chromaffin cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA. holz@umich.edu
authors.forename: R W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Holz
authors.forename: M D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Hlubek
authors.forename: S D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Sorensen
authors.forename: S K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Fisher
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Balla
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ozaki
authors.forename: G D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Prestwich
authors.forename: E L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Stuenkel
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Bittner
mesh_terms: D000804:Angiotensin II / Q000494:pharmacology; D001665:Binding Sites; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D019439:Chromaffin Cells / Q000502:physiology*; D002837:Chromaffin Granules / Q000502:physiology*; D004246:Dimethylphenylpiperazinium Iodide / Q000494:pharmacology; D005089:Exocytosis; D017930:Genes, Reporter; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins; D019382:Human Growth Hormone / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007700:Kinetics; D008164:Luminescent Proteins / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D019269:Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-Diphosphate / Q000378:metabolism*; D018129:Phosphatidylinositol Phosphates / Q000378:metabolism; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D014162:Transfection; D018909:src Homology Domains
chemical_list: D008164:Luminescent Proteins; D019269:Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-Diphosphate; D018129:Phosphatidylinositol Phosphates; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D000804:Angiotensin II; D019382:Human Growth Hormone; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins; D004246:Dimethylphenylpiperazinium Iodide