title: Impaired potentiation by endothelin-1 and vasopressin of sympathetic contraction in tail artery from hypertensive rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To analyse the effects of endothelin-1 and vasopressin on the sympathetic vasoconstriction during hypertension.
  
  
  METHODS
  Electrical field stimulation (4 Hz) was applied to isolated, 2 mm segments of the tail artery from spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) and normotensive Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats prepared for isometric tension recording.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The contraction to electrical stimulation was potentiated by endothelin-1 (10(-10)-10(-8) M) in arteries from WKY but not from SHR, and by vasopressin (10(-12)-10(-10) M) more markedly in arteries from WKY than from SHR. The potentiation by endothelin-1 was reduced more markedly by the antagonist of endothelin ETA receptors BQ-123 (10(-5) M) than by the endothelin ETB receptor antagonist BQ-788 (10(-5) M). The potentiation by vasopressin was reduced by the antagonist of vasopressin V1 receptors d(CH2)5Tyr(Me)AVP (10(-7) M), but not by the vasopressin V2 receptor antagonist d(CH2)5D-Ile2, Ile4AVP (10(-7) M). The blocker of L-type calcium channels verapamil (10(-5) M) reduced the potentiation by both endothelin-1 and vasopressin in arteries from WKY rats, and increased the potentiation by vasopressin in arteries from SHR. Noradrenaline (10(-8)-10(-4) M) contraction was not modified by endothelin-1 (3 x 10(-9) M) or vasopressin (3 x 10(-11) M), and contraction to endothelin-1 (10(-9)-10(-7) M) and vasopressin (10(-10)-10(-7) M) was lower in arteries from SHR than from WKY rats.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  (1) The potentiation by endothelin-1 and vasopressin of the sympathetic vasoconstriction, probably due to increased release of noradrenaline, is impaired during hypertension, and (2) this potentiation is mediated mainly by endothelin ETA receptors, and by vasopressin V1 receptors, in both WKY and SHR, and for both peptides it is mediated by L-type calcium channels in arteries from normotensive but not in those from hypertensive animals.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma, Madrid, Spain. angeluis.villalon@uam.es
authors.forename: A L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: García-Villalón
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Monge
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Fernández
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Sánchez
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Martínez
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Gómez
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Diéguez
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D065092:Antidiuretic Hormone Receptor Antagonists; D001127:Arginine Vasopressin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers / Q000494:pharmacology; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D065128:Endothelin Receptor Antagonists; D019332:Endothelin-1 / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006973:Hypertension / Q000503:physiopathology*; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008297:Male; D009638:Norepinephrine / Q000494:pharmacology; D009842:Oligopeptides / Q000494:pharmacology; D010456:Peptides, Cyclic / Q000494:pharmacology; D010880:Piperidines / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D011918:Rats, Inbred SHR; D011921:Rats, Inbred WKY; D014661:Vasoconstriction / Q000187:drug effects*; D014667:Vasopressins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014700:Verapamil / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D065092:Antidiuretic Hormone Receptor Antagonists; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers; D065128:Endothelin Receptor Antagonists; D019332:Endothelin-1; D009842:Oligopeptides; D010456:Peptides, Cyclic; D010880:Piperidines; D014667:Vasopressins; D001127:Arginine Vasopressin; C086539:BQ 788; C028888:argipressin, deaminopenicillamine(1)-O-methyl-Tyr(2)-; D014700:Verapamil; C072247:cyclo(Trp-Asp-Pro-Val-Leu); D009638:Norepinephrine