Human studies of a piezoelectric transducer and a microphone for a totally implantable electronic hearing device.
OBJECTIVE
For the surgical treatment of patients with moderate and severe sensorineural hearing loss, the authors have developed a totally implantable hearing device, the totally integrated cochlea amplifier (TICA). To evaluate the effectiveness of transducer and microphone of this device, three separate human studies were conducted.


METHODS
The first study using transducer prototypes involved self experiments in investigators with normal hearing. The second study used the transducer prototypes in patients with hearing loss, and the third study involved the temporary implantation of the final transducer prototype and microphone in patients undergoing otologic surgery.


METHODS
In routine middle ear surgery, transducer prototypes were coupled to the ossicular chain of 28 patients. In addition to the transducer, in 5 patients the microphone was placed beneath the skin of the auditory canal, allowing the skin to cover the microphone membrane completely.


RESULTS
The piezoelectric transducer reached an equivalent sound pressure level of 145 dB SPL < or =10 kHz. The dynamics for music reached 32 dB, which was identical with the results of the preoperative investigations using high-fidelity headsets (33 dB). The low nonlinear distortions of <0.1% and the frequency range of 10 kHz are reflected in the positive evaluation of the sound quality by 84% of the patients involved. When phonetically balanced speech material and music were presented under free field conditions at a sound level of 65 dB SPL, understanding of the phonetically balanced speech material was 100%. Most patients judged the presentations of music as clear and undistorted with all broadband components.


CONCLUSIONS
Data in humans on the performance of the two main components of the TICA implant, the transducer and the microphone, are reported.
Zenner
H P
HP
Department of Otolaryngology, University of Tübingen, Germany.
Leysieffer
H
H
Maassen
M
M
Lehner
R
R
Lenarz
T
T
Baumann
J
J
Keiner
S
S
Plinkert
P K
PK
McElveen
J T
JT
D000669:Amplifiers, Electronic; D001301:Audiometry, Pure-Tone / Q000379:methods; D001307:Auditory Perception / Q000502:physiology; D019929:Cochlear Implantation; D003054:Cochlear Implants; D004582:Electronics, Medical / Q000295:instrumentation*; D004867:Equipment Design; D006319:Hearing Loss, Sensorineural / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D013506:Otologic Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods; D011300:Preoperative Care; D011571:Psychoacoustics; D014159:Transducers