title: Increased expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 in neutrophils in glycogen-induced peritoneal inflammation of guinea pigs.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 plays an important role in neutrophil extravasation and migration by its ability to degrade the major components of basement membrane. To evaluate the expression of neutrophil MMP-9 under inflammatory conditions, we examined the levels of MMP-9 and its mRNA in neutrophils of glycogen-induced peritoneal inflammation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Male Hartley guinea pigs weighing 250-300 g were intraperitoneally injected with 0.17% glycogen solution, and 13-15 h after the injection, blood and peritoneal neutrophils were isolated. The levels of MMP-9 and its mRNA were analyzed by gelatin zymography and Northern blotting, respectively. Furthermore, MMP-9 activities in the peritoneal supernatants were measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  MMP-9 level in peritoneal neutrophils was essentially the same as that in blood neutrophils, although peritoneal neutrophils were assumed to have extracellularly released MMP-9 from the granules during infiltration into the peritoneal cavity. Interestingly, MMP-9 mRNA was expressed more abundantly in peritoneal neutrophils than in blood neutrophils (p<0.01). Moreover, MMP-9 levels in blood and peritoneal neutrophils were reduced to 30-45% of non-treated controls by actinomycin D (500 microg/kg) or cycloheximide (10 mg/kg)-treatment (p<0.05). In contrast, MMP-9 activity increased in the peritoneal supernatants of glycogen-injected animals was not significantly affected by actinomycin D- or cycloheximide-treatment. In addition, when blood neutrophils of non-injected animals were stimulated with 10(-7) M N-formyl-Met-Leu-Phe, 10 microg/ml lipopolysaccharide, 10 ng/ml phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate, 10(-8) M IL-8 or 100 U/ml tumor necrosis factor-a, expression of MMP-9 mRNA was markedly increased (p<0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present observations indicate that MMP-9 gene is transcribed, and MMP-9 protein is synthesized in neutrophils during glycogen-injected peritoneal inflammation. Moreover, it is likely that MMP-9 protein in the peritoneal supernatants is mostly derived from preformed MMP-9 which is stored in the neutrophil granules and extracellularly released during infiltration of neutrophils into the peritoneal cavity. Finally, the transcription of MMP-9 gene can be upregulated in neutrophils by stimulation with inflammatory mediators, even after neutrophils have been matured.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Juntendo University, School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan. nagaokai@med.juntendo.ac.jp
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Nagaoka
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hirota
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003513:Cycloheximide / Q000494:pharmacology; D003609:Dactinomycin / Q000494:pharmacology; D015870:Gene Expression; D006003:Glycogen; D006168:Guinea Pigs; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / Q000235:genetics*; D009240:N-Formylmethionine Leucyl-Phenylalanine / Q000494:pharmacology; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000201:enzymology*; D019384:Nucleic Acid Synthesis Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D010538:Peritonitis / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000201:enzymology*; D011500:Protein Synthesis Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate / Q000494:pharmacology; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D019384:Nucleic Acid Synthesis Inhibitors; D011500:Protein Synthesis Inhibitors; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D003609:Dactinomycin; D009240:N-Formylmethionine Leucyl-Phenylalanine; D006003:Glycogen; D003513:Cycloheximide; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate