title: Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of European propolis.
abstract: Three propolis samples from Austria, Germany and France were investigated by GC/MS, where eleven compounds were being new for propolis. The samples showed some similarities in their qualitative composition. Phenylethyl-trans-caffeate, benzyl ferulate and galangin were predominant in German propolis. Benzyl caffeate was predominant in French sample. Pinocembrin was predominant in French and Austrian propolis and trans-p-coumaric acid was predominant in all samples. The antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus; Escherichia coli, and Candida albicans was evaluated. German propolis showed the highest antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. While Austrian propolis has the highest activity against Candida albicans. French propolis was effective against all pathogens but less than German and Austrian propolis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Parasitology, National Research Center, Dokki, Giza, Egypt. ahmedgaffer@frcu.eun.eg
authors.forename: A G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Hegazi
authors.forename: F K
authors.initials: FK
authors.lastname: Abd El Hady
authors.forename: F A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Abd Allah
mesh_terms: D001317:Austria; D002176:Candida albicans / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D005602:France; D005858:Germany; D007654:Ketoconazole / Q000494:pharmacology; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D011429:Propolis / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D013752:Tetracycline / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D011429:Propolis; D013752:Tetracycline; D007654:Ketoconazole