title: Are preferences for equity over efficiency in health care allocation "all or nothing"?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In a previous study we showed that within a budget constraint, most people would rather offer a less effective screening test to 100% of a Medicaid population, thereby saving 1,000 lives, than a more effective test to 50% of the population, thereby saving 1,100 lives. We present here a study exploring whether this preference for equity over efficiency persists when neither test can be offered to the entire population.
  
  
  METHODS
  Members of Physicians' Online and prospective jurors at the Philadelphia County Courthouse randomly received 1 of 3 questionnaires (Q1, Q2, or Q3) describing a limited budget to screen Medicaid enrollees for colon cancer. In all questionnaires, test 1 was said to save 1,000 lives, and test 2, a more effective and more expensive test, was said to save 1,100. In Q1, test 1 was offered to 100% and test 2 to 50% of the population. In Q2, the 2 tests could be offered to 50% and 25%, respectively; in Q3, to 90% and 40%, respectively. Respondents indicated which test they recommended and provided justification.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The majority of physicians (59%) and the general public (56%) receiving Q1 favored the less effective screening test However, of those receiving Q2, only 26% of physicians and 27% of the general public recommended the less effective screening test. And of those receiving Q3, only 38% of physicians and 28% of the general public recommended the less effective test. Justifications for these recommendations were based largely on concerns for equality of treatment among those who chose the less effective test and concerns for saving the most lives among those who preferred the more effective test.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although most respondents show a preference for equity over efficiency when equity means that 100% of a population can receive a service, many fewer respondents maintain this preference when equity is no longer absolute. This result suggests that the preference for equity is sometimes "all or none."
authors.affiliation: Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Ubel
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Baron
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Nash
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Asch
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D002017:Budgets; D003110:Colonic Neoplasms / Q000191:economics / Q000517:prevention & control; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D005260:Female; D015276:Health Care Rationing / Q000191:economics*; D006297:Health Services Accessibility / Q000191:economics*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008403:Mass Screening / Q000191:economics; D006278:Medicare / Q000191:economics*; D008875:Middle Aged; D015143:Philadelphia; D011639:Public Opinion; D011785:Quality Assurance, Health Care / Q000191:economics; D014481:United States