title: Role of the bladder in delayed failure of kidney transplants in boys with posterior urethral valves.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  There is a tendency toward less favorable long-term graft function in patients with posterior urethral valves than in controls. We studied the role of the bladder in boys who underwent transplantation by simultaneously evaluating renal graft and voiding function.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between 1972 and 1994, 66 boys with posterior urethral valves underwent kidney transplantation. Of these boys 44 with a mean age of 9.7 years who retained a functional renal graft did not undergo any surgery on the lower urinary tract except for the initial treatment of posterior urethral valves. Long-term evaluation included a voiding questionnaire, radiological assessment and serum creatinine measurement.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Average followup was 9.01 years (range 2.4 to 19.6). There was no voiding dysfunction symptomatology in 23 boys, while 3 (14.2%) and 8 (38.1%) of the remaining 21 had daytime and nighttime frequency, respectively. Dysuria and incontinence were present in 11 (52.4%) and 12 (57.1%) patients, respectively. Urodynamics in 11 cases revealed a mean bladder compliance plus or minus standard deviation of 11.3+/-2.8 ml./cm. water. In boys with a voiding disorder mean serum creatinine increased after 5 years of followup. At 10 years after kidney transplantation mean serum creatinine was 140.3+/-36.0 and 285.7+/-36.2 micromol./l. in asymptomatic boys and those with a voiding disorder, respectively (p<0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Valve bladder has a role in the deterioration of renal transplants in boys with posterior urethral valves. In those with a voiding disorder closer followup is needed, including urodynamic and radiological studies. Bladder dysfunction, such as hypocompliance and/or hyperreflexia, requires medical or surgical treatment.
authors.affiliation: Urology Department, Ambroise Paré Hospital, Paris, France.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Salomon
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Fontaine
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Guest
authors.forename: M F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Gagnadoux
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Broyer
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Beurton
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D016030:Kidney Transplantation; D008297:Male; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014521:Urethra / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000503:physiopathology; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000503:physiopathology*; D014563:Urodynamics