title: Surgical repair of postinfarction ventricular septal defect.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Rupture of the interventricular septum complicates 1% to 2% of all acute myocardial infarction patients and its natural course is ominous. The purpose of this study is to present our experience with surgical ventricular septal defect (VSD) repair and examine the possible risk factors and explanations for surgical mortality.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fourteen patients underwent repair of postinfarction VSD from 1996 to 1998 at the Taipei Veterans General Hospital. Thirteen patients were in New York Heart Association (NYHA) Functional Class IV and one was in Functional Class III. Eleven patients were in cardiogenic shock with intra-aortic balloon pumps (IABPs) prior to surgery. The operative techniques for VSD repair range from extensive infarctectomy with reconstruction of the septum and the right and left ventricular free walls using single or double patches, to minimal or no infarctectomy with closure of the VSD by excluding the infarcted muscle from the left ventricular cavity and leaving the right ventricle intact.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall surgical mortality occurred in four patients. All deaths occurred in patients with cardiogenic shock, two with anterior VSD and two with posterior VSD. Three late survivors had limited exercise tolerance with NYHA Functional Class II to III. Left ventricular function was moderately impaired in most patients with a mean nuclear scan ejection fraction of 0.32. However, all patients were elderly and adapted to their residual symptoms without significant life-style changes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The surgical mortality for treating patients with postinfarction VSD has decreased with improvements in surgical technique. Rapid diagnosis, appropriate preoperative management and delicate surgical repair improve the overall results and help to attain long-term survival.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taiwan, ROC.
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: C P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Hsu
authors.forename: T J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Hwang
authors.forename: C T
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Shiu
authors.forename: S T
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Lai
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D009202:Cardiomyopathies / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006346:Heart Septum / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000150:complications*; D011183:Postoperative Complications