title: Randomized trial of four vs. seven days of ceftriaxone treatment for bacterial meningitis in children with rapid initial recovery.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Seven days or more of antimicrobial treatment is the standard for bacterial meningitis, although third generation cephalosporins are usually able to sterilize cerebrospinal fluid within 24 h. The limited experience from shorter regimens in children is encouraging, and we hypothesized that in rapidly recovering patients older than 3 months of age it would pose no risk for adverse outcome.
  
  
  METHODS
  Strict clinical and laboratory criteria were used to define rapid initial recovery, in which case ceftriaxone therapy was either stopped after 4 days (4 injections) in children born on even dates (N = 53) or continued for 7 days in patients born on odd dates (N = 47). Outcomes were compared on Day 7 of hospitalization and at 1 to 3 months after discharge.
  
  
  RESULTS
  On Day 7 no differences (P > 0.05 for each criteria) were observed between the 4-day and the 7-day groups regarding fever, clinical signs or serum C-reactive protein concentration. At the follow-up visit 1 to 3 months after discharge the 4-day group had fewer sequelae than the 7-day group (0% vs. 5% neurologic sequelae, P = 0.39 and 3% vs. 9% hearing loss, P = 0.49, respectively). One child in the 4-day group who had fully recovered was subsequently readmitted 53 days after the first hospitalization with recurrent Haemophilus influenzae meningitis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Four days of ceftriaxone therapy proved to be a safe alternative in patients with rapid initial recovery from bacterial meningitis. A 4-day course of treatment is particularly beneficial for countries with limited resources.
authors.affiliation: Luis Calvo Mackenna Hospital, University of Chile, Santiago. irmeli.roine@entelchile.net
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Roine
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Ledermann
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Foncea
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Banfi
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cohen
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Peltola
mesh_terms: D002443:Ceftriaxone / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002511:Cephalosporins / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002555:Cerebrospinal Fluid / Q000382:microbiology; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003365:Costs and Cost Analysis; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D016920:Meningitis, Bacterial / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid / Q000188:drug therapy*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D002511:Cephalosporins; D002443:Ceftriaxone