title: Vascular endothelial growth factor synergistically enhances bone morphogenetic protein-4-dependent lymphohematopoietic cell generation from embryonic stem cells in vitro.
abstract: The totipotent mouse embryonic stem (ES) cell is known to differentiate into cells expressing the beta-globin gene when stimulated with bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-4. Here, we demonstrate that BMP-4 is essential for generating both erythro-myeloid colony-forming cells (CFCs) and lymphoid (B and NK) progenitor cells from ES cells and that vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) synergizes with BMP-4. The CD45(+) myelomonocytic progenitors and Ter119(+) erythroid cells began to be detected with 0.5 ng/mL BMP-4, and their levels plateaued at approximately 2 ng/mL. VEGF alone weakly elevated the CD34(+) cell population though no lymphohematopoietic progenitors were induced. However, when combined with BMP-4, 2 to 20 ng/mL VEGF synergistically augmented the BMP-4-dependent generation of erythro-myeloid CFCs and lymphoid progenitors from ES cells, which were enriched in CD34(+) CD31(lo) and CD34(+) CD45(-)cell populations, respectively, in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, during the 7 days of in vitro differentiation, BMP-4 was required within the first 4 days, whereas VEGF was functional after the action of BMP-4 (in the last 3 days). Thus, VEGF is a synergistic enhancer for the BMP-4-dependent differentiation processes, and it seems to be achieved by the ordered action of the 2 factors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell Biology, Flow Cytometry Laboratory, Amgen Inc, Thousand Oaks, CA, USA. naoki.nakayama@amgen.com
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nakayama
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chiu
mesh_terms: D018952:Antigens, CD34 / Q000032:analysis; D001402:B-Lymphocytes / Q000166:cytology; D055415:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 4; D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects*; D016895:Culture Media, Serum-Free; D004357:Drug Synergism; D004622:Embryo, Mammalian / Q000166:cytology*; D016228:Endothelial Growth Factors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015672:Erythroid Precursor Cells / Q000166:cytology; D006098:Granulocytes / Q000166:cytology; D006412:Hematopoietic Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007694:Killer Cells, Natural / Q000166:cytology; D017493:Leukocyte Common Antigens / Q000032:analysis; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000166:cytology* / Q000276:immunology; D008222:Lymphokines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019408:Platelet Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000032:analysis; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D042442:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors
chemical_list: D018952:Antigens, CD34; C525809:BMP4 protein, human; C525810:Bmp4 protein, mouse; D055415:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 4; D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins; D016895:Culture Media, Serum-Free; D016228:Endothelial Growth Factors; D008222:Lymphokines; D019408:Platelet Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule-1; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D042442:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors; D017493:Leukocyte Common Antigens