title: Rituximab (anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody) for the treatment of patients with clonal lymphoproliferative disorders after orthotopic liver transplantation: a report of three cases.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorders (PT-LPD) are a well-known complication of organ transplantation. Their incidence after liver transplantation in adults ranges from 1.8 to 4%. Reduction of immunosuppression led to remission in a few cases. Other treatments include chemotherapy, interferon alpha therapy and/or intravenous-immunoglobulins, or antiviral drugs. However, monoclonal antibodies directed against B-cell specific antigens have rarely been used in those patients. Our aim was to study the feasibility and efficacy of Rituximab, a new, promising human chimeric antibody that recognizes the CD20 antigen, for the treatment of patients with clonal lymphoproliferative disorders after orthotopic liver transplantation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Rituximab (IDEC-C2HB8; Roche Laboratories, Neuilly-sur-Seine, France) was administered at a 375 mg/m2 dose on days 1, 8, 15, and 22, in an outpatient setting, in three patients with PT-LPD. The tumor was classified as polymorphic PT-LPD in two cases and PT-LPD with features of large cell lymphoma in one case. All the tumors expressed the CD20 antigen and were EBV-related, and the clonality was confirmed in all three cases. The 4 injections of the anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody were associated with reduced immunosuppression in the three patient.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The treatment with Rituximab was well tolerated without any side effects. The two patients with polymorphic PT-LPDs underwent rapid complete remission, whereas the treatment modalities were ineffective in the patient with the large-cell non-Hodgkin-lymphoma.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results must be confirmed in a larger cohort of liver transplant recipients suffering from lymphoproliferation. However, they indicate rapid efficiency of Rituximab in association with reduced immunosuppression in these disorders.
authors.affiliation: Service d'Hématologie, Hôpital Cochin, Paris, France.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zompi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tulliez
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Conti
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Leblond
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gaulard
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Blanche
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Durand
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ghandi
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Dreyfus
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Louvel
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Calmus
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bouscary
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D058846:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived; D001706:Biopsy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D016031:Liver Transplantation; D016403:Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse / Q000188:drug therapy; D008228:Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin / Q000188:drug therapy; D008232:Lymphoproliferative Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology*; D008297:Male; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D012074:Remission Induction; D000069283:Rituximab; D017211:Treatment Failure
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D058846:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived; D000069283:Rituximab