title: Trends in dietary sources of nutrients among middle-aged men in southern Germany. Results of the MONICA Project Augsburg: dietary surveys 1984/1985 and 1994/1995. MONItoring trends and determinants in CArdiovascular disease.
abstract: The study analyses 10-year trends (1984/1985-1994/1995) in southern Germany in the food sources of nutrients. In two phases of the MONICA Project in Augsburg, dietary surveys were conducted in subsamples of 45 to 64 year-old men. Responses in 1984/1985 and 1994/1995 were 69.8% and 70.8% with eligible samples of 603 and 607, respectively. Seven-day records were collected and coded with the German food composition database. Percentage contribution of food groups to selected nutrient intakes were calculated. Meat and meat products and eggs decreased in importance as contributors to the intake of energy and several nutrients, whereas fish and fish products, milk and milk products and various food groups of plant origin became more important. In 1984/1985, for instance, meat and meat products delivered 23.4% of energy, 47.5% of protein and 38.1% of fat, whereas in 1994/1995 the respective contributions declined to 21.4%, 44.0% and 34.5%. The new product group of supplements has already become an important contributor to the intake of vitamin C. Both static intakes and changes in intake of certain nutrients can be explained by corresponding fluctuations in patterns of intake of the underlying food sources. Therefore it is recommended that dietary assessments use food source lists derived from the most recent dietary surveys.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food and Hygiene Technology, University of Applied Sciences Albstadt-Sigmaringen, Sigmaringen, Germany.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Winkler
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Döring
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Keil
mesh_terms: D004032:Diet / Q000639:trends*; D004034:Diet Surveys; D005518:Food Preferences; D005858:Germany; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged