title: SB 239063, a potent p38 MAP kinase inhibitor, reduces inflammatory cytokine production, airways eosinophil infiltration, and persistence.
abstract: The anti-inflammatory/antiallergic activity of a novel second-generation p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibitor, SB 239063[trans-1-(4-hydroxycyclohexyl) -4-(4-fluorophenyl)-5-(2-methoxypyridimidin-4-yl)imidazole], was investigated in vivo and in vitro. SB 239063 had an IC(50) of 44 nM for inhibition of recombinant purified human p38alpha. In lipopolysaccharide-stimulated human peripheral blood monocytes, SB 239063 inhibited interleukin-1 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha production (IC(50) values = 0.12 and 0.35 microM, respectively). A role for p38 kinase in cytokine-associated inflammation in the mouse was shown by p38 activation in the lung and inhibition of lipopolysaccharide-induced tumor necrosis factor-alpha production by SB 239063 (ED(50) = 5.8 mg/kg p.o.). Antiallergic activity was demonstrated by essential abolition (approximately 93% inhibition) of inhaled ovalbumin (OA)-induced airway eosinophilia by SB 239063 (12 mg/kg p.o.), measured by bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) in OA-sensitized mice. In addition, p38 kinase was found by Western analysis to be activated in guinea pig lung. Administration of SB 239063 (10 or 30 mg/kg p.o.) in conscious guinea pigs markedly reduced ( approximately 50% inhibition) OA-induced pulmonary eosinophil influx, measured by BAL 24 h after antigen. SB 239063 (10 mg/kg b.i.d. p.o.) administered after leukotriene D(4) inhalation, reduced by 60% the persistent airway eosinophilia seen at 4 days. Apoptosis of cultured eosinophils isolated from guinea pig BAL was increased by SB 239063 (1-10 microM) in the presence of interleukin-5. These results indicate that SB 239063 is a potent inhibitor of inflammatory cytokine production, inhibits eosinophil recruitment, in addition to enhancing apoptosis of these cells. Collectively, the results support the potential utility of p38 kinase inhibitors, such as SB 239063, for the treatment of asthma and other inflammatory disorders.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pulmonary Pharmacology, SmithKline Beecham Pharmaceuticals, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania, USA.
authors.forename: D C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Underwood
authors.forename: R R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Osborn
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Kotzer
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Adams
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: E F
authors.initials: EF
authors.lastname: Webb
authors.forename: D C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Carpenter
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bochnowicz
authors.forename: H C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.forename: D W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Hay
authors.forename: D E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Griswold
mesh_terms: D000280:Administration, Inhalation; D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D015153:Blotting, Western; D001992:Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid / Q000166:cytology; D016084:Bronchoconstriction / Q000187:drug effects; D017871:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004802:Eosinophilia / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000473:pathology; D006168:Guinea Pigs; D006801:Humans; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017998:Leukotriene D4 / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D009000:Monocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D010587:Phagocytosis / Q000187:drug effects; D010993:Plethysmography, Whole Body; D011743:Pyrimidines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012137:Respiratory System / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000096:biosynthesis; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D007093:Imidazoles; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D011743:Pyrimidines; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D017998:Leukotriene D4; D017871:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; C406525:SB 239063