title: Simian immunodeficiency virus containing mutations in N-terminal tyrosine residues and in the PxxP motif in Nef replicates efficiently in rhesus macaques.
abstract: SIVmac Nef contains two N-terminal tyrosines that were proposed to be part of an SH2-ligand domain and/or a tyrosine-based endocytosis signal and a putative SH3-ligand domain (P(104)xxP(107)). In the present study, we investigated the effects of combined mutations in these tyrosine and proline residues on simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) Nef interactions with the cellular signal transduction and endocytic machinery. We found that mutation of Y(28)F, Y(39)F, P(104)A, and P(107)A (FFAA-Nef) had little effect on Nef functions such as the association with the cellular tyrosine kinase Src, downregulation of cell surface expression of CD4 and class I major histocompatibility complex, and enhancement of virion infectivity. However, mutations in the PxxP sequence reduced the ability of Nef to stimulate viral replication in primary lymphocytes. Three macaques infected with the SIVmac239 FFAA-Nef variant showed high viral loads during the acute phase of infection. Reversions in the mutated prolines were observed between 12 and 20 weeks postinfection. Importantly, reversion of A(107)-->P, which restored the ability of Nef to coprecipitate a 62-kDa phosphoprotein in in vitro kinase assays, did not precede the development of a high viral load. The Y(28)/Y(39)-->F(28)/F(39) substitutions did not revert. In conclusion, mutations in both the tyrosine residues and the putative SH3 ligand domain apparently do not disrupt major aspects of SIV Nef function in vivo.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Clinical and Molecular Virology, University of Erlangen-Nuernberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Carl
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Iafrate
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Lang
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Stolte
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Stahl-Hennig
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mätz-Rensing
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Fuchs
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Skowronski
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Kirchhoff
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001665:Binding Sites; D015704:CD4 Antigens / Q000276:immunology; D019556:COS Cells; D002461:Cell Line, Transformed; D015536:Down-Regulation; D015693:Gene Products, nef / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology*; D015395:Histocompatibility Antigens Class I / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D008253:Macaca mulatta; D016296:Mutagenesis; D010766:Phosphorylation; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D015302:Simian Immunodeficiency Virus / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D014443:Tyrosine / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D019562:Viral Load; D014779:Virus Replication; D054462:p21-Activated Kinases; D018909:src Homology Domains
chemical_list: D015704:CD4 Antigens; D015693:Gene Products, nef; D015395:Histocompatibility Antigens Class I; D014443:Tyrosine; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D054462:p21-Activated Kinases