title: Normative data for 4-year-old children on the California Verbal Learning Test-Children's Version.
abstract: This study presents normative data for 4-year-old children on the California Verbal Learning Test-Children's Version (CVLT-C), a measure of verbal learning and memory. Norms are currently available for children 5 years and older; however, normative data are unavailable for this younger population. Forty males and 40 females comprise this normative sample of 4-year-old children. The mean number of words recalled increased from the first to the fifth learning trial, and a consistent level of recall was maintained across delay recall trials. Extra-list intrusion responses were common and these responses were more frequent than correct responses on cued but not free recall conditions. Finally, yes/no recognition testing resulted in the greatest mean number of words remembered compared to the other trials. Overall, the pattern of performance across the learning and memory variables in this younger population was similar to that of older children, but at a lower level. These data suggest that 4-year-old children are able to perform this task, making possible the use of the CVLT-C in normal and clinical populations in this age group.
authors.affiliation: Center for Behavioral Teratology, San Diego State University, CA 92120, USA.
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Goodman
authors.forename: D C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Delis
authors.forename: S N
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Mattson
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003463:Cues; D001330:Electronic Data Processing; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011939:Mental Recall; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D012015:Reference Standards; D014706:Verbal Learning