title: Unilateral leptomeningeal enhancement after carotid stent insertion detected by magnetic resonance imaging.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty combined with vascular stenting is currently being assessed in the treatment of patients with symptomatic, severe carotid stenosis. The immediate cerebral hemodynamic effects resulting from stenting are not fully understood. This article describes a novel finding: abnormal leptomeningeal enhancement after stenting shown by MRI.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fourteen patients with symptomatic severe carotid bifurcation stenosis underwent MRI within 4 hours before and within 3 hours after attempted carotid stenting. Twelve patients were successfully stented. Part of the MR investigation consisted of the acquisition of T1-weighted images before and after administration of the contrast agent Gd-DTPA, both before and after the procedure.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All 12 patients who underwent successful stenting did not have abnormal enhancement of the leptomeninges before stenting but developed unilateral enhancement following intervention but before the second injection of contrast agent. No contrast enhancement was detected in the 2 patients who had the angiographic procedure but were not stented.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings suggest that abnormal changes to the leptomeningeal vasculature occur during carotid stenting which are not associated with sudden development of neurological symptoms. The anatomic distribution of the enhancement suggests that it is a consequence of the sudden change in brain hemodynamics secondary to the improvement in carotid flow after stenting.
authors.affiliation: Section of Academic Radiology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, England.
authors.forename: I D
authors.initials: ID
authors.lastname: Wilkinson
authors.forename: P D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Griffiths
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hoggard
authors.forename: T J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Cleveland
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Gaines
authors.forename: G S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Venables
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001099:Arachnoid / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D002339:Carotid Arteries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D016893:Carotid Stenosis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy*; D002533:Cerebral Angiography; D003287:Contrast Media; D004691:Endarterectomy; D005260:Female; D019786:Gadolinium DTPA; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010841:Pia Mater / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D015607:Stents
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D019786:Gadolinium DTPA