title: Autopsy findings in early and late postoperative death after partial left ventriculectomy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Partial left ventriculectomy (PLV) is an alternative to heart transplantation for patients with severe heart failure. However, this procedure is accompanied by high morbidity and mortality. Therefore, we studied the hearts of 12 patients who underwent this procedure to increase our understanding of the causes of bad outcome.
  
  
  METHODS
  We analyzed the autopsy hearts of 11 of 16 patients who died after PLV, and one heart from a patient who underwent heart transplantation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Six patients died less than 30 days postoperatively, 4 of cardiogenic shock, 1 of arrhythmia, and 1 of coagulopathy. Five patients died from 36 to 120 days after the procedure, 4 of cardiogenic shock and 1 of arrhythmia. The patient who underwent heart transplantation had a cardiogenic shock 230 days after PLV. Ten hearts weighed more than 500 g and nine had myocardial infarction that extended to the papillary muscles. Four patients had infarction of both papillary muscles and 3 of them had episodes of arrhythmia, suggesting some relation between these events.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We found several important morphologic clues for bad outcome: infarction of both papillary muscles, which may be associated with the development of arrhythmia, and myocardial infarction and pericardial hemorrhage, which may contribute to the outcome of heart failure.
authors.affiliation: Heart Institute (InCor), University of São Paulo Medical School, SP, Brazil. pmcury@hotmail.com
authors.forename: P M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Cury
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Higuchi
authors.forename: P S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Gutierrez
authors.forename: L F
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Moreira
authors.forename: E A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Bocchi
authors.forename: N A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Stolf
authors.forename: A D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Jatene
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001344:Autopsy; D006348:Cardiac Surgical Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods; D002311:Cardiomyopathy, Dilated / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D011184:Postoperative Period; D013997:Time Factors; D017211:Treatment Failure