title: Randomized trial of candesartan cilexetil in the treatment of patients with congestive heart failure and a history of intolerance to angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Many patients with congestive heart failure do not receive the benefits of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors because of intolerance. We sought to determine the tolerability of an angiotensin II receptor blocker, candesartan cilexetil, among patients considered intolerant of ACE inhibitors.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients with CHF, left ventricular ejection fraction less than 35%, and history of discontinuing an ACE inhibitor because of intolerance underwent double-blind randomization in a 2:1 ratio to receive candesartan (n = 179) or a placebo (n = 91). The initial dosage of candesartan was 4 mg/d; the dosage was increased to 16 mg/d if the drug was tolerated. A history of intolerance of ACE inhibitor was attributed to cough (67% of patients), hypotension (15%), or renal dysfunction (11%).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The study drug was continued for 12 weeks by 82.7% of patients who received candesartan versus 86.8% of patients who received the placebo. This 4.1% greater discontinuation rate with active therapy was not significant; the 95% confidence interval ranged from 4.8% more discontinuation with placebo to 13% more with candesartan. Titration to the 16-mg target dose was possible for 69% of patients who received candesartan versus 84% of those who received the placebo. Frequencies of death and morbidity were not significantly different between the candesartan and placebo groups (death 3.4% and 3.3%, worsening heart failure 8.4% and 13.2%, myocardial infarction 2.8% and 5.5%, all-cause hospitalization 12.8% and 18.7%, and death or hospitalization for heart failure 11.7% and 14.3%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Candesartan was well tolerated by this population. The effect of candesartan on major clinical end points, including death, remains to be determined.
authors.affiliation: Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC 27710, USA. grang001@mc.duke.edu
authors.forename: C B
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Granger
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ertl
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kuch
authors.forename: A P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Maggioni
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: McMurray
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Rouleau
authors.forename: L W
authors.initials: LW
authors.lastname: Stevenson
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Swedberg
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Young
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yusuf
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Califf
authors.forename: B A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Bart
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Held
authors.forename: E L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Michelson
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Sellers
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ohlin
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sparapani
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Pfeffer
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001562:Benzimidazoles / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002423:Cause of Death; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010865:Pilot Projects; D015996:Survival Rate; D013777:Tetrazoles; D018487:Ventricular Dysfunction, Left / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy; D016277:Ventricular Function, Left / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D001562:Benzimidazoles; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds; D013777:Tetrazoles; C077793:candesartan cilexetil