title: Interscalene brachial plexus anesthesia with either 0.5% ropivacaine or 0.5% bupivacaine.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  To compare intra- and postoperative clinical properties of interscalene brachial plexus block performed with either 0.5% ropivacaine or 0.5% bupivacaine.
  
  
  METHODS
  
  
  
  METHODS
  prospective, randomized, double-blind study.
  
  
  METHODS
  in patient at the University Hospital, Department of Orthopedic Surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  30 ASA physical status I-II patients scheduled for elective shoulder surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  interscalene brachial plexus block was performed using the multiple injection technique and a nerve stimulator by injecting 20 ml of either 0.5% ropivacaine (n = 15) or 0.5% bupivacaine (n = 15). Postoperative analgesia consisted of 100 mg intravenous ketoprofen, if required. A blind observer evaluated hemodynamic variables as well as sensory and motor blocks from the end of injection to achieve a surgical anesthesia (readiness for surgery: loss of pinprick sensation from C4 to C7 with the inability to elevate the operated limb against gravity). The time lasting from block placement to first requirement for postoperative pain medication was also recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No differences in anthropometric parameters and hemodynamic variables were observed throughout the study, and no signs of central nervous system (CNS) and cardiovascular toxicity, or other untoward events were reported in any patients. Readiness for surgery was obtained after 28 +/- 15 min with 0.5% bupivacaine and 22 +/- 8 min after 0.5% ropivacaine (p = NS). No differences in postoperative pain relief was observed between the two groups (11.1 +/- 5 hrs after 0.5% ropivacaine and 10.9 +/- 3.9 hrs after 0.5% bupivacaine, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study confirmed that 0.5% ropivacaine has clinical properties similar to those of 0.5% bupivacaine, when used for interscalene brachial plexus block, providing similarly long duration in postoperative pain relief. Compared with bupivacaine, ropivacaine has the further advantage of a lower potential for central nervous system and cardiovascular toxicity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, IRCCS H. San Raffaele, University of Milan. casati.andrea@hsr.it
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Casati
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Fanelli
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Albertin
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Deni
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Anelati
authors.forename: F A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Antonino
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Beccaria
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000577:Amides; D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D001917:Brachial Plexus; D002045:Bupivacaine; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009407:Nerve Block; D011446:Prospective Studies; D000077212:Ropivacaine
chemical_list: D000577:Amides; D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D000077212:Ropivacaine; D002045:Bupivacaine