title: Cardioprotective effects of the Na(+)/H(+)-exchange inhibitor cariporide in infarct-induced heart failure.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We investigated the effect of chronic treatment with the new Na(+)/H(+)-exchange inhibitor, cariporide, on cardiac function and remodelling 6 weeks after myocardial infarction (MI) in rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Treatment with cariporide was commenced either 1 week pre or 30 min, 3 h, 24 h or 7 days after ligation of the left ventricular artery and was continued until haemodynamic parameters were obtained 6 weeks after MI in conscious rats.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared to sham animals, untreated MI-controls developed pronounced heart failure after 6 weeks. Basal left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (in mmHg) was reduced in the groups in which cariporide was started 1 week pre (16.0+/-1.7) or 30 min (12.5+/-1.1), 3 h (11.8+/-1.0) and 24 h (13.0+/-2.5) after MI compared to untreated MI-controls (22. 4+/-1.5; P<0.01). Basal myocardial contractility (in 1000 mmHg/s) was only increased when treatment was initiated after 30 min (9. 0+/-0.7), 3 h (8.5+/-0.3) and 24 h (8.0+/-0.7) compared to untreated MI-controls (5.8+/-0.7; P<0.05-0.01). Infarct size (in % of left ventricular circumference) was 40.0+/-2.1 in MI-controls and was decreased when treatment was begun after 30 min (32.6+/-2.7) or 3 h (32.4+/-2.3) (P<0.05). In animals, in which cariporide was started 3 h after induction of MI, heart weight/body weight ratio was significantly decreased, indicating reduced cardiac hypertrophy. When treatment started 7 days after MI, cariporide did not exert any beneficial actions on structural and functional cardiac parameters.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results show for the first time that chronic treatment with the Na(+)/H(+)-exchange inhibitor cariporide engendered marked cardioprotective effects when commenced before and up to 24 h after MI. The optimal time for the start of treatment was between 30 min and 3 h post MI.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Pharmacology, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Hospitalstrasse 4, D-24105, Kiel, Germany.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Spitznagel
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.forename: Q
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Xia
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Rossius
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Illner
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Jähnichen
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sandmann
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Reinecke
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Daemen
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Unger
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D006146:Guanidines / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008297:Male; D009200:Myocardial Contraction / Q000187:drug effects; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D011897:Random Allocation; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D017923:Sodium-Hydrogen Exchangers / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D013450:Sulfones / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017725:Ventricular Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D020257:Ventricular Remodeling / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D006146:Guanidines; D017923:Sodium-Hydrogen Exchangers; D013450:Sulfones; C093373:cariporide