title: Protein kinase C-beta mediates lipoprotein-induced generation of PAI-1 from vascular endothelial cells.
abstract: Elevated levels of low-density lipoproteins (LDL) and lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] have been considered strong risk factors for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Increased production of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) has been implicated in the development of thrombosis and atherosclerosis. Previous studies by our group and others demonstrated that oxidation enhances LDL- and Lp(a)-induced production of PAI-1 in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). The present study examined the involvement of protein kinase C (PKC) and its isoform in vascular endothelial cells (EC) induced by native or oxidized LDL and Lp(a). Treatment with Lp(a) or LDL transiently increased PKC activity at 15 min and 5.5 h after the start of lipoprotein treatment in EC. Copper-oxidized LDL and Lp(a) induced greater PKC activation in EC compared with comparable forms of those lipoproteins. Additions of 1 microM calphostin C, a PKC-specific inhibitor, at the beginning or > or =5 h, but not > or = 9 h, after the initiation of lipoprotein treatment, blocked native and oxidized LDL- or Lp(a)-induced increases in PKC activity and PAI-1 production. Treatment of LDL, Lp(a), or their oxidized forms was induced in translocation of PKC-beta1 from cytosol to membrane in HUVEC. Treatments with 60 nM 379196, a PKC-beta-specific inhibitor, effectively prevented PAI-1 production induced by LDL, Lp(a), or their oxidized forms in HUVEC and human coronary artery EC. The results suggest that activation of PKC-beta may mediate the production of PAI-1 in cultured arterial and venous EC induced by LDL, Lp(a), or their oxidized forms.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Internal Medicine and Physiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3E OW3.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ren
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shatadal
authors.forename: G X
authors.initials: GX
authors.lastname: Shen
mesh_terms: D015153:Blotting, Western; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D006801:Humans; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D017270:Lipoprotein(a) / Q000494:pharmacology; D008074:Lipoproteins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL / Q000494:pharmacology; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D011493:Protein Kinase C / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D064546:Protein Kinase C beta; D014178:Translocation, Genetic; D014471:Umbilical Veins / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D007527:Isoenzymes; D017270:Lipoprotein(a); D008074:Lipoproteins; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL; D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1; D011493:Protein Kinase C; D064546:Protein Kinase C beta