title: Immunotherapy prevents recurrent abortion without influencing natural killer receptor status.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We assessed the expression of natural killer (NK) receptors in recurrent aborters before and after immunotherapy using their husbands' peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs).
  
  
  METHODS
  Using stored PBMCs from recurrent aborters before and after the immunotherapy, the expression of NK receptors, CD158a, CD158b, CD159 and CD94, were analyzed using monoclonal antibodies for respective receptors. The diversity of killer activatory receptors (KARs) and killer inhibitory receptors (KIRs) was also examined using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR)-single strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In recurrent aborters, no apparent changes in NK receptor expression and the balance between KARs and KIRs were found before and after the immunotherapy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The allo-human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-stimulation caused by the immunotherapy for recurrent aborters did not affect the expression of NK receptors and the ratio of KARs to KIRs regardless of the outcome of subsequent pregnancies, suggesting that recurrent aborters may benefit from the immunotherapy through mechanisms unrelated to alteration in NK receptor status.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Miki
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fujii
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ishikawa
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hamai
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamashita
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tadokoro
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kozuma
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Juji
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Taketani
mesh_terms: D000026:Abortion, Habitual / Q000276:immunology* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D019264:Adoptive Transfer / Q000379:methods; D000328:Adult; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000276:immunology*; D003602:Cytotoxicity, Immunologic / Q000276:immunology; D005260:Female; D006680:HLA Antigens / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007694:Killer Cells, Natural / Q000378:metabolism*; D037181:Lectins, C-Type; D017708:Leukocyte Transfusion; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000637:transplantation; D008297:Male; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000276:immunology*; D051920:NK Cell Lectin-Like Receptor Subfamily D; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D018807:Polymorphism, Single-Stranded Conformational; D011247:Pregnancy; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000378:metabolism*; D054340:Receptors, KIR; D054342:Receptors, KIR2DL1; D054344:Receptors, KIR2DL3; D055607:Receptors, Natural Killer Cell
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD; D006680:HLA Antigens; C497869:KLRD1 protein, human; D037181:Lectins, C-Type; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D051920:NK Cell Lectin-Like Receptor Subfamily D; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic; D054340:Receptors, KIR; D054342:Receptors, KIR2DL1; D054344:Receptors, KIR2DL3; D055607:Receptors, Natural Killer Cell