title: The cost of urinary incontinence in Italian women. A cross-sectional study. Gruppo di Studio Incontinenza.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To offer cost estimates of urinary incontinence (UI) in the general population based on prospectively collected data.
  
  
  METHODS
  We analyzed individual costs in a sample of women with UI who were identified in the framework of a cross-sectional study on the prevalence of UI in women aged > 40 years.
  
  
  METHODS
  Six areas in Italy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Home interview.
  
  
  METHODS
  Women were identified among the patients registered with a network of general practitioners operating in each area using computer-generated random number lists.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 2767 women were identified. Of these, 408 (14.7%) reported UI during the year before the interview and 229 underwent a detailed interview on UI-related costs. On the basis of this information, we estimated the direct costs associated with UI from the perspective of the Italian National Health Service (INHS). The lifetime cost per patient of diagnosis was 80,131 Italian lire (L) (exchange rate: $US1 = L1618). Consultations accounted for only 20% of the diagnostic cost, diagnostic tests for 36% and hospital admissions for diagnostic procedures accounted for 44%. The diagnosis cost estimate seems low, partly because several women did not request either consultations or diagnostic tests (the overall rate per patient was 0.76 for consultations and 0.39 for diagnostic tests). The only appreciable treatment cost, according to the INHS perspective, was for diapers. The annual cost per patient for diapers was L255,519. The prevalence of UI in women aged > 40 years in Italy is estimated in the study at 9.3%. Thus, combining this information with the cost estimates, the annual treatment cost of UI in Italian women aged > 40 years is L351,800 billion, considering diapers and drugs only.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study has estimated the individual cost of UI in the general population. These figures may be useful when designing economic evaluations of UI.
authors.affiliation: Centro di Economia Sanitaria Angelo & Angela Valenti (CESAV), Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Ranica, Italy.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Tediosi
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Parazzini
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bortolotti
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Garattini
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017281:Cost of Illness; D003365:Costs and Cost Analysis; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004180:Direct Service Costs / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007558:Italy; D016012:Poisson Distribution; D014549:Urinary Incontinence / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000191:economics* / Q000628:therapy