title: The calcimimetic R-467 potentiates insulin secretion in pancreatic beta cells by activation of a nonspecific cation channel.
abstract: The extracellular, G protein-linked Ca(2+)-sensing receptor (CaSR), first identified in the parathyroid gland, is expressed in several tissues and cells and can be activated by Ca(2+) and some other inorganic cations and organic polycations. Calcimimetics such as NPS (R)-N-(3-phenylpropyl)-alpha-methyl-3-methoxybenzylamine hydrochloride (R-467), a phenylalkylamine, are thought to activate CaSR by allosterically increasing the affinity of the receptor for Ca(2+). When tested for its effect on insulin release in C57BL/6 mice, R-467 had no effect under basal conditions but enhanced both phases of glucose-stimulated release. The betaHC9 cell also responded to R-467 and to the enantiomer S-467 with a stimulation of insulin release. In subsequent studies with the betaHC9 cell, it was found that the stimulatory effect was due to activation of a nonspecific cation channel, depolarization of the beta-cell, and increased Ca(2+) entry. No other stimulatory mechanism was uncovered. The depolarization of the cell induced by the calcimimetic could be due to a direct action on the channel or via the CaSR. However, it appeared not to be mediated by G(i), G(o), G(q/11), or G(s). The novel mode of action of the calcimimetic, combined with the glucose-dependence of the stimulation on islets, raises the possibility of a totally new class of drugs that will stimulate insulin secretion during hyperglycemia but which will not cause hypoglycemia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14850-6401, USA.
authors.forename: S G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Straub
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kornreich
authors.forename: R E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Oswald
authors.forename: E F
authors.initials: EF
authors.lastname: Nemeth
authors.forename: G W
authors.initials: GW
authors.lastname: Sharp
mesh_terms: D000814:Aniline Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D002118:Calcium / Q000819:agonists*; D002460:Cell Line; D007328:Insulin / Q000378:metabolism*; D000078790:Insulin Secretion; D007473:Ion Channels / Q000819:agonists; D007515:Islets of Langerhans / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D008564:Membrane Potentials / Q000187:drug effects; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018716:Molecular Mimicry; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley
chemical_list: D000814:Aniline Compounds; D007328:Insulin; D007473:Ion Channels; C111654:NPS R-467; D002118:Calcium