title: Plasma concentration of fentanyl with xenon to block somatic and hemodynamic responses to surgical incision.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although anesthesia with xenon has been supplemented with fentanyl, its requirement has not been established. This study was conducted to determine the plasma concentrations of fentanyl necessary to suppress somatic and hemodynamic responses to surgical incision in 50% patients in the presence of 0.7 minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) xenon.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-five patients were allocated randomly to predetermined fentanyl concentration between 0.5 and 4.0 ng/ml during 0.7 MAC xenon anesthesia. Fentanyl was administered using a pharmacokinetic model-driven computer-assisted continuous infusion device. At surgical incision each patient was monitored for somatic and hemodynamic responses. A somatic response was defined as any purposeful bodily movement. A positive hemodynamic response was defined as a more than 15% increase in heart rate or mean arterial pressure more than the preincision value. The concentrations of fentanyl to prevent somatic and hemodynamic responses in 50% of patients were calculated using logistic regression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The concentration of fentanyl to prevent a somatic response to skin incision in 50% of patients in the presence of 0.7 MAC xenon was 0.72 +/- 0.07 ng/ml and to prevent a hemodynamic response was 0.94 +/- 0.06 ng/ml.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Comparing these results with previously published results in the presence of 70% nitrous oxide, the fentanyl requirement in xenon anesthesia is smaller than that in the equianesthetic nitrous oxide anesthesia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiolgoy, Teikyo University School of Medicine Ichihara Hospital, Chiba, Japan. ynakata@med.teikyo-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nakata
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Goto
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Saito
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ishiguro
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Terui
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kawakami
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tsuruta
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Niimi
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Morita
mesh_terms: D000005:Abdomen / Q000601:surgery; D000328:Adult; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000097:blood* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D005260:Female; D005283:Fentanyl / Q000097:blood* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D007432:Intraoperative Period; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013514:Surgical Procedures, Operative / Q000009:adverse effects*; D014978:Xenon / Q000493:pharmacokinetics
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation; D014978:Xenon; D005283:Fentanyl