title: Effects of food withdrawal and transport on 5- to 10-day-old calves.
abstract: The effects of food withdrawal for 30 hours and transport for up to 12 hours on 5- to 10-day-old calves were determined by monitoring plasma concentrations of glucose, beta-hydroxybutyrate, urea, lactate and creatine phosphokinase. In addition gamma-glutamyl transferase activity, packed cell volume, total plasma protein concentration, bodyweight and rectal temperature were recorded. Food withdrawal for 30 hours caused hypoglycemia but calves maintained normothermia and although their beta-hydroxybutyrate level increased indicating lipid mobilisation, the changes in blood urea level were minimal indicating low amino acid catabolism. When calves were transported for 12 hours in addition to having food withdrawn for 30 hours, they remained normoglycemic for six hours longer than non-transported calves, probably due to an effect of muscular activity during bracing against truck movements. Stocking calves at a lower density during transport apparently had a beneficial effect, as calves were able to lie down throughout the journey and therefore produced a similar metabolic profile to resting, non-transported animals. Transport and food withdrawal had no obvious effects on calf hydration. The results of this study suggest that food withdrawal for up to 30 hours and transport for up to 12 hours had no detrimental effects on the metabolism of healthy and clinically normal calves. With correct feeding regimes and transport protocols, welfare compromise in young, healthy calves being transported for up to 12 hours can be minimised when they are slaughtered within 30 hours of the start of transport.
authors.affiliation: Animal Welfare Science and Bioethics Centre, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand.
authors.forename: S E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Todd
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Mellor
authors.forename: K J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Stafford
authors.forename: N G
authors.initials: NG
authors.lastname: Gregory
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Bruce
authors.forename: R N
authors.initials: RN
authors.lastname: Ward
mesh_terms: D020155:3-Hydroxybutyric Acid / Q000097:blood; D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn / Q000502:physiology*; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D002417:Cattle / Q000502:physiology*; D003402:Creatine Kinase / Q000097:blood; D005508:Food Deprivation; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D014186:Transportation; D014508:Urea / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D019344:Lactic Acid; D014508:Urea; D003402:Creatine Kinase; D020155:3-Hydroxybutyric Acid