title: Assessment of speed of human locomotion using a differential satellite global positioning system.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective was to explore whether a satellite-based navigation system, global positioning system used in differential mode (DGPS), could accurately assess the speed of running in humans.
  
  
  METHODS
  A subject was equipped with a portable GPS receptor coupled to a receiver for differential corrections, while running outdoors on a straight asphalt road at 27 different speeds. Actual speed (reference method) was assessed by chronometry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The accuracy of speed prediction had a standard deviation (SD) of 0.08 km x h(-1) for walking, 0.11 km x h(-1) for running, yielding a coefficient of variation (SD/mean) of 1.38% and 0.82%, respectively. There was a highly significant linear relationship between actual and DGPS speed assessment (r2 = 0.999) with little bias in the prediction equation, because the slope of the regression line was close to unity (0.997).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  the DGPS technique appears to be a valid and inconspicuous tool for "on line" monitoring of the speed of displacement of individuals located on any field on earth, for prolonged periods of time and unlimited distance, but only in specific environmental conditions ("open sky"). Furthermore, the accuracy of speed assessment using the differential GPS mode was improved by a factor of 10 as compared to non-differential GPS.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lausanne, Switzerland. Yves.Schutz@iphysiol.unil.ch
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Schutz
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Herren
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D006801:Humans; D008124:Locomotion; D008297:Male; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012420:Running / Q000502:physiology*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D018531:Spacecraft; D013647:Task Performance and Analysis