title: Lighting direction affects recognition of untextured faces in photographic positive and negative.
abstract: Face recognition in photographic positive and negative was examined in a same/different matching task in five lighting direction conditions using untextured 3-D laser-scanned faces. The lighting directions were +60, +30, 0, -30 and -60 degrees, where negative values represent bottom lighting and positive values represent top lighting. Recognition performance was better for faces in positive than in negative when lighting directions were at +60 degrees. In one experiment, the same effect was also found at +30 degrees. However, faces in negative were recognized better than positive when the direction was -60 degrees. There was no difference in recognition performance when the lighting direction was 0 and -30 degrees. These results confirm that the effect of lighting direction can be a determinant of the photographic negative effect. Positive faces, which normally appear to be top-lit, may be difficult to recognize in negative partly because of the accompanying change in apparent lighting direction to bottom-lit.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada. chang@psych.mcgill.ca
authors.forename: C H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Collin
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Burton
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chaudhuri
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005145:Face; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007834:Lasers; D008029:Lighting / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010364:Pattern Recognition, Visual; D010781:Photography; D011601:Psychophysics; D011930:Reaction Time