title: Modifying effects of carotenoids on superoxide and nitric oxide generation from stimulated leukocytes.
abstract: Excessive and prolonged generation of superoxide (O2-) and nitric oxide (NO) from inflammatory leukocytes is associated with several lifestyle-related diseases, including cancer. In the present study, we screened 19 natural carotenoids for their modifying effects on O2- and NO generation from differentiated human promyelocytic HL-60 cells and mouse macrophage RAW 264.7 cells, respectively. Of the carotenoids tested, halocynthiaxanthin, isolated from oysters, showed the highest suppressive effect on the generation of both free radicals. The inhibitory potencies of certain carotenoids on radical generation markedly exceeded that of beta-carotene. In addition, some important structural moieties regulating radical generation suppression are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnological Science, Faculty of Biology-Oriented Science and Technology, Kinki University, Iwade-Uchita, Wakayama, Japan.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Murakami
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nakashima
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Koshiba
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Maoka
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nishino
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yano
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sumida
authors.forename: O K
authors.initials: OK
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Koshimizu
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ohigashi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002338:Carotenoids / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018922:HL-60 Cells; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000378:metabolism; D007962:Leukocytes / Q000378:metabolism*; D008262:Macrophage Activation; D008264:Macrophages / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism*; D013481:Superoxides / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D013481:Superoxides; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D002338:Carotenoids