title: Bacteriology of preserved stallion semen and antibiotics in semen extenders.
abstract: Three experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of different antibiotics in a milk-glucose semen extender on motility of equine sperm and elimination of bacteria following storage of extended semen in vitro. In Experiment 1, 7 antibiotics were compared: amikacin, gentamicin, streptomycin, potassium penicillin, sodium penicillin, ticarcillin, and polymixin B. In Experiment 2, 3 antibiotic treatments were compared: potassium penicillin G, amikacin, or a combination of potassium penicillin G and amikacin. In Experiment 3, 3 antibiotic treatments were compared: potassium penicillin G-amikacin, ceptiofur, and a combination of ticarcillin and clavulanic acid (Timentin). Control treatments (antibiotic-free extender) were included in each experiment. Six motility variables were evaluated: percentage of motile sperm; percentage of progressively-motile sperm; percentage of rapidly-motile sperm; mean curvilinear velocity; mean average path velocity; and mean straight-line velocity. In Experiment 1, mean percentages of motile, progressively motile and rapidly motile sperm were lower (P < 0.05) in semen exposed to polymixin B then in other treatments. Mean average-path velocity of sperm in extender containing polymixin B was lower (P < 0.05) than that of all other treatments, with exception of control or ticarcillin. Mean straight-line velocity of sperm in extender containing polymixin B was lower (P < 0.05) than that of all other treatments, with exception of control, streptomycin or ticarcillin. Semen samples containing gentamicin, amikacin, streptomycin, or potassium penicillin were more effective (P < 0.05) at eliminating bacterial growth than those samples containing polymixin B. Semen samples containing gentamicin were also more effective (P < 0.05) at eliminating bacterial growth than those samples containing ticarcillin or sodium penicillin. In Experiment 2, mean percentage of rapidly-motile sperm, and mean curvilinear, average-path, and straight-line velocities were greater (P < 0.05) for potassium penicillin-amikacin than values for all other treatments. In 2 of 3 stallions, an effect of treatment on percentage of motile sperm was detected (P < 0.05). For one stallion, mean motility of potassium penicillin-amikacin was greater (P < 0.05) than that of all other treatment groups. For another stallion, mean motility of the control was lower (P < 0.05) than that of the other treatments. Following storage, potassium penicillin (16/18 [89%]) or potassium penicillin-amikacin (17/19 [94%]) were more effective (P < 0.05) at controlling aerobic and anaerobic bacterial isolates in semen specimens than was amikacin (10/18 [56%]). In Experiment 3, a difference among treatment groups for motility variables was not detected (P < 0.05). No bacterial growth was recovered in antibiotic-treated semen, with exception of Micrococcus sp. (2 colonies) which were isolated from one semen specimen treated with ceptiofur.
authors.affiliation: Department of Large Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station 77843-4475, USA.
authors.forename: D D
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Varner
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Scanlan
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Thompson
authors.forename: G W
authors.initials: GW
authors.lastname: Brumbaugh
authors.forename: T L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Blanchard
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Carlton
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Johnson
mesh_terms: D000583:Amikacin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D019818:Clavulanic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D005839:Gentamicins / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006736:Horses; D008297:Male; D010406:Penicillins / Q000008:administration & dosage; D011112:Polymyxin B / Q000008:administration & dosage; D012661:Semen / Q000382:microbiology*; D012662:Semen Preservation; D013081:Sperm Motility; D013307:Streptomycin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D013982:Ticarcillin / Q000008:administration & dosage
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D005839:Gentamicins; D010406:Penicillins; D019818:Clavulanic Acid; D000583:Amikacin; D013982:Ticarcillin; D011112:Polymyxin B; D013307:Streptomycin