title: Prenatal and perinatal risk factors for autism.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To identify pre- and perinatal risk factors for autism.
  
  
  METHODS
  Case control study. We matched names of patients from North Dakota who met DSM criteria for autism, a pervasive developmental disorder, and autistic disorder with their birth certificates. Five matched controls were selected for each case.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Univariate analysis of the 78 cases and 390 controls identified seven risk factors. Logistic modeling to control for confounding produced a five variable model. The model parameters were chi 2 = 36.6 and p < 0.001. The five variables in the model were decreased birth weight, low maternal education, later start of prenatal care, and having a previous termination of pregnancy. Increasing father's age was associated with increased risk of autism.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This methodology may provide an inexpensive method for clinics and public health providers to identify risk factors and to identify maternal characteristics of patients with mental illness and developmental disorders.
authors.affiliation: University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, North Dakota Fetal Alcohol Syndrome Center, Grand Forks, USA. laburd@mail.med.und.nodak.edu
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Burd
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Severud
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kerbeshian
authors.forename: M G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Klug
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D001034:Apgar Score; D001321:Autistic Disorder / Q000209:etiology*; D001724:Birth Weight; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004522:Educational Status; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D009658:North Dakota; D011247:Pregnancy; D012042:Registries; D012307:Risk Factors