title: Ophthalmological and intracranial anomalies in patients with clinical anophthalmos.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To better describe the clinical and neuroimaging spectrum of abnormalities in clinical anophthalmos.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed a retrospective review of all 17 patients admitted to the King Khaled Eye Specialist Hospital with clinical anophthalmos over a 15 year period who had a complete ophthalmological examination documented and received computed tomographic (CT) imaging of the orbits and brain.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients with clinical anophthalmos had a high incidence of developmental abnormalities involving both eyes (15/17 patients, 88%), the brain (12/17 patients, 71%) and the body (7/12, 58%). The incidence of central nervous system anomalies reached 100% in patients with bilateral small optic nerves on CT scan.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients with clinical anophthalmos share a similar constellation of neurological, somatic and neuroradiological abnormalities as patients with microphthalmos, septo-optic dysplasia and clinical optic nerve hypoplasia. This fact may provide insight into developmental abnormalities of the afferent visual system and brain.
authors.affiliation: Radiology Department, King Khaled Eye Specialist Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Jacquemin
authors.forename: P B
authors.initials: PB
authors.lastname: Mullaney
authors.forename: T M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Bosley
mesh_terms: D000015:Abnormalities, Multiple / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D000328:Adult; D000853:Anophthalmos / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D001921:Brain / Q000002:abnormalities*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005124:Eye Abnormalities / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D008850:Microphthalmos / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D009900:Optic Nerve / Q000002:abnormalities; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed