title: Pharmacogenomics and metabolite measurement for 6-mercaptopurine therapy in inflammatory bowel disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The effects of 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP) are mediated via its intracellular conversion to 6-thioguanine (6-TG) and 6-methylmercaptopurine (6-MMP) nucleotide metabolites, the latter genetically controlled by thiopurine methyltransferase (TPMT). We sought to determine optimal therapeutic 6-MP metabolite levels and their correlation with medication-induced toxicity and TPMT genotype.
  
  
  METHODS
  Therapeutic response was determined in 92 pediatric patients with inflammatory bowel disease coincidentally with hematologic, pancreatic, and hepatic laboratory parameters, and compared with erythrocyte metabolite levels and TPMT genotype.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Clinical response was highly correlated with 6-TG levels (P < 0.0001) but not with any other variable, including 6-MMP levels, drug dose, gender, and concurrent medications. The frequency of therapeutic response increased at 6-TG levels > 235 pmol/8 x 10(8) erythrocytes (P < 0.001). Hepatotoxicity correlated with elevated 6-MMP levels (>5700 pmol/8 x 10(8) erythrocytes; P < 0.05). Although leukopenia was associated with higher 6-TG levels (P < 0.03), it was observed in only 8% of responders. Patients heterozygous for TPMT (8/92) had higher 6-TG levels (P < 0.0001), and all responded to therapy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  6-MP metabolite levels and TPMT genotyping may assist clinicians in optimizing therapeutic response to 6-MP and identifying individuals at increased risk for drug-induced toxicity.
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, University of Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Dubinsky
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lamothe
authors.forename: H Y
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: S R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Targan
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sinnett
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Théorêt
authors.forename: E G
authors.initials: EG
authors.lastname: Seidman
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007223:Infant; D015212:Inflammatory Bowel Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D007970:Leukopenia / Q000139:chemically induced; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D015122:Mercaptopurine / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000378:metabolism / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D019804:Mesalamine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008780:Methyltransferases / Q000235:genetics; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013866:Thioguanine / Q000097:blood; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; C121362:methyl-6-mercatopurine; D019804:Mesalamine; D015122:Mercaptopurine; D008780:Methyltransferases; C022745:thiopurine methyltransferase; D013866:Thioguanine