title: Neurotologic manifestations and treatment of multiple spontaneous tegmental defects.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe the causes, histopathologic features, manifestations, and treatment of symptomatic multiple spontaneous tegmental defects.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective review of three clinical cases and one temporal bone histopathology report.
  
  
  METHODS
  Varied, including spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid otorhinorrhea, conductive hearing loss, chronic headaches, pneumocephalus, extradural abscess, and meningitis. A notable common feature was multiple (8-15) tegmental defects, 1 to 6 millimeters in diameter. Three of the four cases also included associated dural defects and small meningoencephaloceles or arachnoid granulations. Imaging studies generally underestimated the number of defects.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Successful middle cranial fossa repair with temporalis fascia was accomplished in the three clinical cases. Extension of exposure anteriorly and medially was necessary. Closure of the defects with a bone graft or equivalent synthetic material was not always possible, given the anatomic and pathologic features. Our data suggest that there are both congenital and acquired causes of the tegmental dehiscences.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Multiple tegmen defects constitute a special entity. Successful repair requires a middle fossa craniotomy with extended exposure.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otology and Laryngology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
authors.forename: S N
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Merchant
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: McKenna
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002558:Cerebrospinal Fluid Otorrhea / Q000175:diagnosis*; D006314:Hearing Loss, Conductive / Q000175:diagnosis*; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008416:Mastoid / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000601:surgery*; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013701:Temporal Bone / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D014432:Tympanic Membrane / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000601:surgery*