title: Propofol and pain on induction: the effect of injectate temperature in children.
abstract: A prospective, randomized, double-blind study was conducted to determine whether cooled intravenous propofol reduces the incidence of pain on induction of anaesthesia in children. Seventy patients aged 3-10 years, ASA I or II, were randomized to receive 1% propofol plus 0.05% lidocaine either at room temperature (20-23 degrees C) or cooled to 4C. Pain was assessed by a blinded observer using a behavioural scale. Data from 69 patients were analysed. The incidence of pain was 9/34 (26%, 95% confidence intervals 11-41%) in the room temperature injectate group and 5/35 (14%, 95% confidence intervals 3-26%) in the cold injectate group. These differences were not statistically significant (P=0.21, chi-squared test). Pain scores were similar in both groups.
authors.affiliation: Shackleton Department of Anaesthetics, Level E, Centre Block, Southampton General Hospital, Tremona Road, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pickford
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Burden
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Lewis
mesh_terms: D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003080:Cold Temperature; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007275:Injections, Intravenous / Q000009:adverse effects; D008012:Lidocaine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008297:Male; D010146:Pain / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D010147:Pain Measurement; D015742:Propofol / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013696:Temperature
chemical_list: D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous; D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D008012:Lidocaine; D015742:Propofol