title: The rate and anisotropy of impulse propagation in the postnatal terminal crest are correlated with remodeling of Cx43 gap junction pattern.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Disruptions to intermyocyte coupling have been implicated in arrhythmogenesis and development of conduction disturbances. At present, understanding of the relationship between the microscopic organization of intercellular coupling and the macroscopic spread of impulse in the normal and diseased heart is largely confined to theoretical analyses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The abundance and arrangement of gap junctions, as well as conduction properties, were assessed in terminal crest preparations isolated from the atria of neonate, weanling, and adult rabbits. We report that the connexin composition of terminal crest was uncomplicated, with Cx43 being the most prominent isoform detectable by Western blotting and immunostaining. Terminal crest myocytes showed little change in total Cx43-gap junction per cell during postnatal growth as assessed by stereology. However, marked non-uniformities emerged in the sarcolemmal distribution of Cx43-gap junctions. Cx43-gap junction area at myocyte termini increased 3.5-fold from birth to adulthood. Correlated with this change in Cx43, impulse propagation velocity parallel to the myofiber axis, as assessed by multi-site optical mapping using voltage-sensitive dye (di-4-ANEPPS), increased 2.4-fold. Conversely, the amount of Cx43-gap junctions on myocyte sides, and the conduction velocity transverse to the myofiber axis, remained relatively invariant during maturation. Hence, the increasing electrical anisotropy of maturing terminal crest was wholly accounted for by increases in conductance velocity along the bundle. This increase in longitudinal conduction velocity was correlated with changes in the sarcolemmal pattern, but not the overall density, of Cx43-gap junctions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study provides the first correlative structure/function analysis of the relationship between the macroscopic conduction of impulse and the microscopic cellular organization of gap junctions in a differentiating cardiac bundle. Confirmation is provided for theoretical predictions which emphasize the importance of the cell-to-cell geometry of coupling in determining the spread and pattern of myocardial activation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell Biology, MUSC, Charleston, SC 29425, USA.
authors.forename: W H
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Litchenberg
authors.forename: L W
authors.initials: LW
authors.lastname: Norman
authors.forename: A K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Holwell
authors.forename: K L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.forename: K W
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Hewett
authors.forename: R G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Gourdie
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D015153:Blotting, Western; D018031:Connexin 43 / Q000032:analysis*; D017630:Connexins / Q000032:analysis; D017629:Gap Junctions / Q000737:chemistry*; D006321:Heart / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology*; D006329:Heart Conduction System / Q000502:physiology; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D011817:Rabbits; D014886:Weaning; D000097003:Gap Junction alpha-5 Protein
chemical_list: D018031:Connexin 43; D017630:Connexins; D000097003:Gap Junction alpha-5 Protein