title: African green monkeys provide a useful nonhuman primate model for the study of human parainfluenza virus types-1, -2, and -3 infection.
abstract: Human parainfluenza virus (HPIV) types-1, -2, and -3 are significant causes of both upper and lower respiratory tract disease in infants and children. Although there are two live attenuated vaccines for the prevention of HPIV-3 disease in phase 1 clinical trials, vaccines are not currently available for prevention of HPIV-1 or -2 disease. Our laboratory is developing candidate vaccines for the prevention of HPIV-1, -2, and -3 disease, and a suitable nonhuman primate model is needed for evaluation of these vaccine candidates prior to administration to humans. We evaluated the replication of HPIV-1 and -2 in six different species of nonhuman primates and found both viruses to replicate most efficiently in African green monkeys and chimpanzees. We then compared the replication of HPIV-3 in African green monkeys to that in rhesus macaques, which we have used previously, and found that HPIV-3 replicated to higher titer in African green monkeys. In summary, African green monkeys provide a very useful nonhuman primate for the evaluation of HPIV-1, -2, and -3 vaccine candidates, especially for the evaluation of various combinations of these PIV vaccines and for vaccine strategies that employ sequential immunization.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, USA. adurbin@nih.gov
authors.forename: A P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Durbin
authors.forename: W R
authors.initials: WR
authors.lastname: Elkins
authors.forename: B R
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Murphy
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016645:Aotidae; D002522:Chlorocebus aethiops / Q000276:immunology*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D006801:Humans; D008253:Macaca mulatta; D008254:Macaca nemestrina; D010222:Parainfluenza Virus 1, Human / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology; D010223:Parainfluenza Virus 2, Human / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology; D010224:Parainfluenza Virus 3, Human / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology; D018184:Paramyxoviridae Infections / Q000209:etiology* / Q000276:immunology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D012453:Saimiri; D013045:Species Specificity; D014765:Viral Vaccines / Q000302:isolation & purification; D014779:Virus Replication
chemical_list: D014765:Viral Vaccines