title: Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and mTOR mediate lipopolysaccharide-stimulated nitric oxide production in macrophages via interferon-beta.
abstract: Bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) elicits responses by macrophages that help the body repel infections. Recent evidence indicates that phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI 3-kinase) may mediate some of these responses. Here, we show that exposing macrophages to LPS rapidly increased membrane-associated PI 3-kinase activity and also elevated p70 S6 kinase activity. Inhibitors of PI 3-kinase or the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) fully blocked p70 S6 kinase activation, implying that this kinase is controlled by PI 3-kinase and mTOR. These inhibitors also substantially reduced LPS-induced nitric oxide (NO) production. This inhibition was, in part, attributable to impaired LPS-stimulated secretion of interferon-beta, an autocrine co-factor for NO production. However, the addition of exogenous interferon-beta did not fully restore NO production, indicating that the NO response was being inhibited by another mechanism as well. Together, these data suggest that PI 3-kinase, mTOR, and possibly p70 S6 kinase mediate LPS-induced NO production by regulating the secretion of interferon-beta and by a second undefined mechanism.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, San Francisco State University, CA 94132, USA. weinst@sfsu.edu
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Weinstein
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Finn
authors.forename: S H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Davé
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Meng
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Lowell
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Sanghera
authors.forename: A L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: DeFranco
mesh_terms: D000730:Androstadienes / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism; D002867:Chromones / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D016899:Interferon-beta / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008264:Macrophages / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D009025:Morpholines / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism*; D009573:Nitrites / Q000378:metabolism; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D000081082:Phosphoinositide-3 Kinase Inhibitors; D017853:Phosphotransferases (Alcohol Group Acceptor) / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D011494:Protein Kinases; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000172:deficiency / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D019893:Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D020123:Sirolimus / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D058570:TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism; D000077191:Wortmannin
chemical_list: D000730:Androstadienes; D002867:Chromones; D016899:Interferon-beta; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D009025:Morpholines; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D009573:Nitrites; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; D000081082:Phosphoinositide-3 Kinase Inhibitors; D017853:Phosphotransferases (Alcohol Group Acceptor); D011494:Protein Kinases; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; D019893:Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases; D020123:Sirolimus; D058570:TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D000077191:Wortmannin; C085911:2-(4-morpholinyl)-8-phenyl-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one; C546843:mTOR protein, mouse