title: Mechanisms of tolerance induction and prevention of cardiac allograft vasculopathy in miniature swine: the effect of augmentation of donor antigen load.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Cotransplantation of a donor kidney along with a heart allograft can induce tolerance to both organs and prevent cardiac allograft vasculopathy in miniature swine. To determine whether the tolerogenic effect of donor kidney cotransplantation was due to an effect specific to the kidney graft or to an increase in donor antigen load, we compared heart-kidney recipients with recipients receiving two class I disparate hearts or with recipients receiving donor peripheral mononuclear cells at the time of isolated heart transplantation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Recipients of major histocompatibility complex class I disparate allografts received 12 days of cyclosporine (INN: cyclosporin; 10-13 mg/kg administered intravenously on days 0-11). Group 1 animals received a heart alone (n = 5). Group 2 animals received heart and kidney allografts (n = 4). Group 3 animals received two major histocompatibility complex-matched heart allografts (n = 4). Two double-heart recipients were thymectomized 21 days before transplantation. Group 4 animals received a heart allograft and an infusion of high-dose donor peripheral blood leukocytes (2.5 x 10(9) cells/kg, n = 2).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Vasculopathy developed in group 1 recipients and the allografts were rejected within 55 days. Group 2 recipients accepted their heart and kidney allografts indefinitely without vasculopathy. Euthymic recipients from group 3 accepted their hearts long-term (>190 and >197 days), but vascular lesions developed. In thymectomized recipients from group 3, the hearts were rejected in 63 and 96 days with severe vasculopathy. Group 4 recipients demonstrated transient macrochimerism but their hearts were rejected within 47 and 63 days.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The beneficial effects of donor kidney cotransplantation on cardiac allograft survival and prevention of cardiac allograft vasculopathy are likely to involve both an increase in donor antigen load and an effect specific to the kidney allograft.
authors.affiliation: Transplantation Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yamada
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mawulawde
authors.forename: M T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Menard
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shimizu
authors.forename: H T
authors.initials: HT
authors.lastname: Aretz
authors.forename: J K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Choo
authors.forename: K S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Allison
authors.forename: J K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Slisz
authors.forename: D H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Sachs
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Madsen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000209:etiology / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D016572:Cyclosporine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D003602:Cytotoxicity, Immunologic; D006082:Graft Enhancement, Immunologic; D006084:Graft Rejection / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control; D016027:Heart Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000276:immunology*; D007108:Immune Tolerance; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000276:immunology; D017708:Leukocyte Transfusion; D008285:Major Histocompatibility Complex / Q000276:immunology; D009206:Myocardium / Q000473:pathology; D013552:Swine; D013556:Swine, Miniature; D013934:Thymectomy; D018183:Transplantation Chimera
chemical_list: D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D016572:Cyclosporine