title: Extracranial carotid artery aneurysms: Texas Heart Institute experience.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Aneurysms of the extracranial carotid artery (ECA) are rare. Large single-institution series are seldom reported and usually are not aneurysm type-specific. Thus, information about immediate and long-term results of surgical therapy is sparse. This review was conducted to elucidate etiology, presentation, and treatment for ECA aneurysms.
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrospectively reviewed the case records of the Texas Heart Institute/St Luke's Episcopal Hospital, Houston, and found 67 cases of ECA aneurysms treated surgically (the largest series to date) between 1960 and 1995: 38 pseudoaneurysms after previous carotid surgery and 29 atherosclerotic or traumatic aneurysms. All aneurysms were surgically explored, and all were repaired except two: a traumatic distal internal carotid artery aneurysm and an infected pseudoaneurysm in which the carotid artery was ligated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Four deaths (three fatal strokes and one myocardial infarction) and two nonfatal strokes were directly attributed to a repaired ECA aneurysm (overall mortality/major stroke incidence, 9%); there was one minor stroke (incidence, 1.5%). The incidence of cranial nerve injury was 6% (four cases). During long-term follow-up (1.5 months-30 years; mean, 5.9 years), 19 patients died, mainly of cardiac causes (11 myocardial infarctions).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The potential risks of cerebral ischemia and rupture as well as the satisfactory long-term results achieved with surgery strongly argue in favor of surgical treatment of ECA aneurysms.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Texas Heart Institute, Houston, TX 77225, USA.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: El-Sabrout
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Cooley
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000783:Aneurysm / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000601:surgery; D000785:Aneurysm, Infected / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000601:surgery; D017542:Aneurysm, Ruptured / Q000453:epidemiology; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000453:epidemiology; D002340:Carotid Artery Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000601:surgery; D020212:Carotid Artery Injuries / Q000453:epidemiology; D002343:Carotid Artery, Internal / Q000601:surgery; D020216:Carotid-Cavernous Sinus Fistula / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000601:surgery; D002423:Cause of Death; D020209:Cranial Nerve Injuries / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000453:epidemiology; D009333:Neck / Q000098:blood supply; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D020521:Stroke / Q000453:epidemiology; D015996:Survival Rate; D013781:Texas / Q000453:epidemiology