[Several aspects of respiratory function testing in children].
Some practical aspects of respiratory function testing (RFT) are reviewed with special interest on applications in preschool children. RFT may be used for diagnostic, management and follow up purposes. Children may benefit from RFT in a variety of pathological situations. Asthma and other obstructive airways diseases certainly represent the most frequent conditions. Vital Capacity and Forced Expiratory Volume in one second (FEV1) may usually be obtained from age 7 on. In smaller children, the forced expiratory manoeuvre is much less successful. Non invasive measurements such as respiratory resistance (Rrs) or specific airway resistance (sRaw) may be used. Rrs is usually measured by the interrupter technique or the forced oscillation technique and sRaw by body plethysmography, not requiring the estimation of thoracic gas volume. Because much variability is introduced by the upper airways, these parameters are less suited than FEV1 to establish the degree of baseline airway obstruction. On the other hand, Rrs and sRaw may quantify reversibility of airway obstruction and/or bronchial hyperresponsiveness. Lung hyperinflation may be identified by the assessment of Functional Residual Capacity (FRC) with a dilution method. More generally lung growth may be followed up in longitudinal studies of FRC even in small children. More work is needed to standardize RFT techniques and indications in the preschool child.
Marchal
F
F
Service d'Explorations Fonctionnelles Pédiatriques, Hôpital d'Enfants, CHU de Nancy, Vandaeuvre-lès-Nancy.
Loos
N
N
Schweitzer
C
C
Gauthier
R
R
D000367:Age Factors; D000403:Airway Resistance; D001249:Asthma / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005541:Forced Expiratory Volume; D005652:Functional Residual Capacity; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008173:Lung Diseases, Obstructive / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology; D010993:Plethysmography, Whole Body; D012129:Respiratory Function Tests