title: Erectile dysfunction and coronary risk factors: prospective results from the Massachusetts male aging study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Erectile dysfunction (ED), a wide spread and troublesome condition among middle-aged men, is partly vascular in origin. In the Massachusetts Male Aging Study, a random-sample cohort study, we investigated the relationship between baseline risk factors for coronary heart disease and subsequent ED, on the premise that subclinical arterial insufficiency might be manifested as ED.
  
  
  METHODS
  Men ages 40-70, selected from state census lists, were interviewed in 1987-1989 and reinterviewed in 1995-1997. Data were collected and blood was drawn in participants' homes. ED was assessed from responses to a privately self-administered questionnaire. Analysis was restricted to 513 men with no ED at baseline and no diabetes, heart disease, or related medications at either time.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cigarette smoking at baseline almost doubled the likelihood of moderate or complete ED at followup (24% vs. 14%, adjusted for age and covariates, P = 0.01). Cigar smoking and passive exposure to cigarette smoke also significantly predicted incident ED, as did overweight (body-mass index > or =28 kg/m(2)) and a composite coronary risk score. Weaker prospective associations were seen for hypertension and dietary intake of cholesterol and unsaturated fat.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Erectile dysfunction and coronary heart disease share some behaviorally modifiable determinants in men who, like our sample, are free of manifest ED or predisposing illness. Open questions include whether modification of coronary risk factors can prevent ED and whether ED may serve as a sentinel event for coronary disease.
authors.affiliation: New England Research Institutes, Watertown, Massachusetts, 02472, USA. henryf@neri.org
authors.forename: H A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Feldman
authors.forename: C B
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Johannes
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Derby
authors.forename: K P
authors.initials: KP
authors.lastname: Kleinman
authors.forename: B A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Mohr
authors.forename: A B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Araujo
authors.forename: J B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: McKinlay
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology*; D015897:Comorbidity; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D007172:Erectile Dysfunction / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008404:Massachusetts / Q000453:epidemiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D011159:Population Surveillance; D011336:Probability; D011446:Prospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000453:epidemiology*