title: Farnesoid X receptor responds to bile acids and represses cholesterol 7alpha-hydroxylase gene (CYP7A1) transcription.
abstract: Cholesterol 7alpha-hydroxylase gene (CYP7A1) transcription is repressed by bile acids. The goal of this study is to elucidate the mechanism of CYP7A1 transcription by bile acid-activated farnesoid X receptor (FXR) in its native promoter and cellular context and to identify FXR response elements in the gene. In Chinese hamster ovary cells transfected with retinoid X receptor alpha (RXRalpha)/FXR, only chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) and deoxycholic acid (DCA) were able to stimulate a heterologous promoter/reporter containing an ecdysone response element. In HepG2 cells, all bile acids (25 microM) were able to repress CYP7A1/luciferase reporter activity, and only CDCA and DCA further repressed reporter activity when cotransfected with RXRalpha/FXR. The concentration of CDCA required to inhibit 50% of reporter activity (IC(50)) was determined to be approximately 25 microM without FXR and 10 microM with FXR. Deletion analysis revealed that the bile acid response element located between nucleotides -148 and -128 was the FXR response element, but RXRalpha/FXR did not bind to this sequence. These results suggest that bile acid-activated FXR exerts its inhibitory effect on CYP7A1 transcription by an indirect mechanism, in contrast to the stimulation and binding of FXR to intestinal bile acid-binding protein gene promoter. Results also reveal that bile acid receptors other than FXR are present in HepG2 cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Northeastern Ohio Universities College of Medicine, Rootstown, Ohio 44272, USA. jchiang@neoucom.edu
authors.forename: J Y
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Chiang
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kimmel
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Weinberger
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Stroup
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001647:Bile Acids and Salts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002790:Cholesterol 7-alpha-Hydroxylase / Q000235:genetics*; D006224:Cricetinae; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear; D018168:Receptors, Retinoic Acid / Q000235:genetics; D012097:Repressor Proteins / Q000502:physiology*; D020218:Response Elements; D047488:Retinoid X Receptors; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D000099150:Receptor, Farnesoid X-Activated
chemical_list: D001647:Bile Acids and Salts; D002790:Cholesterol 7-alpha-Hydroxylase; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear; D018168:Receptors, Retinoic Acid; D012097:Repressor Proteins; D047488:Retinoid X Receptors; D014157:Transcription Factors; D000099150:Receptor, Farnesoid X-Activated