title: A case of late onset cyclosporine-induced hemolytic uremic syndrome resulting in renal graft loss.
abstract: A case of late onset hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) associated with cyclosporine (CYA) is described in this report. A 50-yr-old man with end-stage renal failure due to immunoglobulin A (IgA) nephropathy received a renal transplant from his wife. Human leucocyte antigen was completely unmatched. Immunosuppressant was a combination of prednisolone, azathioprine, and CYA. He was discharged 1 month after transplantation, with no episode of acute rejection. Twenty-one months after transplantation, his platelet count and hematocrit began to decrease and lactate dehydrogenase began to increase. Graft biopsy showed thrombotic microangiopathy and recurrent IgA nephropathy. Graft function was rapidly deteriorated and methylprednisolone pulse therapy was not effective. Twenty-five months after transplantation, he returned to a regular hemodialysis. Hemolysis was immediately improved after a reduction of the dose of CYA to 50 mg/d. The trough level of CYA was less than 200 ng/mL in most periods of his clinical course. Blood pressure was high throughout the clinical course. Although acute vascular rejection or malignant hypertension could also cause a thrombotic microangiopathy, CYA was most likely a cause of HUS in the present case because of the following reasons: neither anti-acute rejection therapy nor an adequate control of his blood pressure was effective in improving clinical features of HUS; hemolysis and thrombocytopenia disappeared immediately after the reduction of the dose of CYA to 50 mg/d. It has been reported that HUS carried poor prognosis only when occurring shortly after transplantation in cadaver kidney recipients. The present transplant was from a living donor and HUS occurred 21 months after transplantation and was severe enough to result in graft loss. High blood pressure might be one of the predisposing factors of HUS associated with CYA in the present case. CYA should be stopped and other alternative immunosuppressants should be given in cases of acute graft deterioration with hemolysis and thrombocytopenia, irrespective of the interval from transplantation, CYA dose, or CYA trough level.
authors.affiliation: Kidney Unit, Fukuoka Red Cross Hospital, Japan.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Katafuchi
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Saito
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ikeda
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hirano
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yanase
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nakashima
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fujimi
mesh_terms: D016572:Cyclosporine / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006463:Hemolytic-Uremic Syndrome / Q000139:chemically induced*; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000601:surgery; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000502:physiology; D019520:Living Donors; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D006435:Renal Dialysis; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D016572:Cyclosporine