title: Prevalence of substance use among students in a Kenyan University: a preliminary report.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the prevalence and pattern of substance use among an undergraduate population in a Kenyan university.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional survey, cluster sampling of classrooms, self-administered questionnaires.
  
  
  METHODS
  Private international university in Nairobi province, Kenya.
  
  
  METHODS
  Five hundred fifty eight undergraduate students of both sexes, age range 16-50 and mean age (S.E) of 21.1 +/- 0.2.
  
  
  METHODS
  Self-reported use of psychoactive substances.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Percentages of lifetime prevalence rates of commonly used substances were tobacco, 54.7%; alcohol, 84.2%; cannabis, 19.7% and inhalants, 7.2%. The corresponding "past use" and "current use" rates were relatively lower but followed the same pattern. The percentage rates were significantly higher in males than females (p < 0.005). Rates for regular use (> 20 days/month) were higher for tobacco (24.7%) than alcohol (11.5%). The lifetime prevalence rates of other drugs (heroin, cocaine, mandrax, amphetamines and LSD) were low (< 5%), while modest rates were recorded for tranquilizers (10.8%), local brews (13.6%) and cough mixtures (35.1%). Less than 20% of respondents initiated substance use in lower primary school, while more than 50% started using in upper primary and secondary school and 11% to 25% started using substances at university.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Substances most commonly used by respondents studied were of the licit variety (alcohol and tobacco). The rate of use of the two substances is rather high. The use of illicit drugs seems to be growing and may soon escalate to alarming levels. The findings suggest an urgent need to gather more data, which can be used to guide formulation of health promotion and prevention programmes.
authors.affiliation: United States International University-Africa, Nairobi, Kenya.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Odek-Ogunde
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Pande-Leak
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007630:Kenya / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020380:Needs Assessment; D011159:Population Surveillance; D015995:Prevalence; D012494:Sampling Studies; D017678:Sex Distribution; D013334:Students / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014495:Universities