title: Disability and health status: ethnic differences among women in the United States.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  There are few data describing disability and health status for ethnic groups. The disablement process involves social influences, which may include minority status. Cross sectional data were examined to investigate the relation of ethnicity to disability.
  
  
  METHODS
  A stratified random digit dialled sample of women aged 40 and older. Disability and health status were measured as functional and activity limitations, work disability, and days of poor physical and mental health.
  
  
  METHODS
  United States.
  
  
  METHODS
  Women interviewed by telephone included 774 white, 749 African-American, 660 Hispanic, and 739 Native American women.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The prevalence of disability was higher among minority women when classified by general health status, and the need for personal care assistance. There was a striking excess of work disability: 3.5% of white women compared with 7.1% to 10.3% for minority women. The differences were reduced when adjusted for other risk factors and socioeconomic status. White and minority women reported more similar disability when it was defined by poor mental and physical health days.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Disability is correlated with social and demographic characteristics as well as medical diagnoses. Ethnicity also is associated with disability and may be part of a social context for disablement. Future research should concentrate on the temporal sequence of disability. Consistent definitions of disability will facilitate this research.
authors.affiliation: Department of Community Health, School of Public Health, Saint Louis University School of Public Health, MO 63108, USA.
authors.forename: E M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Andresen
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Brownson
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001741:Black or African American / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D006233:Persons with Disabilities / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D006304:Health Status; D006630:Hispanic or Latino / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014481:United States / Q000208:ethnology; D044465:White People / Q000706:statistics & numerical data