title: Prevalence of hepatitis G virus in patients with hemophilia and their steady female sexual partners.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Hepatitis G virus (HGV), also known as GB virus C, is a newly discovered Flavivirus that is transmissible by blood transfusion and other possible routes.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To study the risk of sexual transmission of HGV in female sexual partners of men with hemophilia (n = 161 couples).
  
  
  METHODS
  Blood samples obtained from 11 medical centers were analyzed for (1) HGV RNA by polymerase chain reaction; (2) antibodies to HGV by enzyme immunoassay; and (3) other viruses and T-cell counts by routine laboratory tests. Subjects completed a questionnaire that assessed sexual intercourse frequency, number of sexual partners, condom usage, sexually transmitted diseases, illicit drug usage, and needlestick or broken-glass injuries.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The HGV infection (RNA +/- antibody positive) prevalence was 48% among men and 21% among women. Prevalence of hepatitis C virus, hepatitis B virus, and HIV among men was 99%, 94%, and 86%, compared with 3%, 11%, and 12% among women, respectively. The odds ratio for HGV infection for women with an HGV-positive male sexual partner was 2.14 (P = 0.06) without adjustment, and 2.77 (P = 0.03) with adjustment for other variables, none of which were independently significant.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest a low level of HGV sexual transmission.
authors.affiliation: Department of Transfusion Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
authors.forename: A E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Yeo
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Matsumoto
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Shih
authors.forename: H J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Alter
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Goedert
mesh_terms: D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000032:analysis; D001317:Austria; D005260:Female; D018067:Flaviviridae / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D006115:Greece; D006467:Hemophilia A / Q000150:complications*; D006525:Hepatitis, Viral, Human / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology* / Q000276:immunology / Q000635:transmission*; D006801:Humans; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000032:analysis; D012307:Risk Factors; D016036:Seroepidemiologic Studies; D012725:Sexual Behavior; D012747:Sexual Partners; D012749:Sexually Transmitted Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology* / Q000276:immunology / Q000635:transmission*; D015819:Substance Abuse, Intravenous / Q000150:complications; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014481:United States
chemical_list: D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D012367:RNA, Viral