title: Comparison of soccer shin guards in preventing tibia fracture.
abstract: The goal of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a number of shin guards in protecting against tibia fracture in soccer players. A secondary purpose was to determine the relationship between the material and structural differences in shin guard design and the protection provided. Twenty-three commercially available shin guards were tested on a model leg containing a synthetic tibia that had been calibrated against human cadaver specimens. Each guard was categorized into one of four material types: plastic (N = 9), fiberglass (N = 6), compressed air (N = 4), and Kevlar (N = 4). The maximum combined force at the ends of the tibia, the principal strain on the posterior side of the tibia, and the contact time of the impact were measured using a drop track impact simulation. Shin guards provided significant protection from tibia fracture at all drop heights. The average guard reduced force by 11% to 17% and strain by 45% to 51% compared with the unguarded leg. At the higher drop heights, material composition and structural characteristics of the shin guards showed significant differences in protective abilities. These findings indicate that all shin guards provide some measure of protection against tibia fracture, although the level of protection may vary significantly among the different guards.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA.
authors.forename: A C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Francisco
authors.forename: R W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Nightingale
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Guilak
authors.forename: R R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Glisson
authors.forename: W E
authors.initials: WE
authors.lastname: Garrett
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004867:Equipment Design; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011482:Protective Devices; D012916:Soccer / Q000293:injuries*; D019876:Sports Equipment; D013978:Tibial Fractures / Q000517:prevention & control*