title: Changes in ultrastructural calcium distribution in goat atria during atrial fibrillation.
abstract: It has been suggested that Ca(2+)content of atrial cardiomyocytes is increased at the onset of atrial fibrillation (AF). Whether this phenomenon is transient is currently unknown. Therefore, in this study the time-related changes in Ca(2+)location in atrial myocytes from goats with chronic AF have been investigated. The distribution of calcium was assessed with the electron microscope using the cytochemical phosphate-pyroantimonate and oxalate-pyroantimonate methods in atrial biopsies from goats in sinus rhythm and goats with 1-16 weeks of burst-pacing-induced AF. In atrial myocytes from control goats in sinus rhythm, a normal Ca(2+)distribution was observed, with regular deposits along the sarcolemma (an average of 3.4 deposits per microm at a regular distance). The number of sarcolemma-bound Ca(2+)deposits substantially increased after 1 and 2 weeks of atrial fibrillation. After this period the amount of Ca(2+)precipitate decreased at 4 and 8 weeks, and became below control level at 16 weeks. A similar time-related redistribution of Ca(2+)occurred in mitochondria. Whereas mitochondria from control goats displayed very few Ca(2+)deposits (average 4.0 deposits per micro m(2)), their number markedly increased after 1 and 2 weeks of atrial fibrillation, which indicates cellular Ca(2+)overload. From 4 weeks, Ca(2+)deposits reached control levels and were below control level after 16 weeks of atrial fibrillation (2.5 deposits per microm(2)). Our findings are consistent with the previously observed Ca(2+)overload early after the onset of atrial fibrillation. The present study shows that this overload persists for at least 2 weeks, after which the cardiomyocytes apparently adapt to a new Ca(2+)homeostasis, thereby avoiding Ca(2+)overload. This protection against Ca(2+)overload co-occurs with dedifferentiation like cellular remodeling.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Maastricht University, The Netherlands. jannie.ausma@fys.unimaas.nl
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ausma
authors.forename: G D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Dispersyn
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Duimel
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Thoné
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ver Donck
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Allessie
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Borgers
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001281:Atrial Fibrillation / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D006041:Goats; D006325:Heart Atria / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D002118:Calcium