title: Evaluation of flutamide genotoxicity in rats and in primary human hepatocytes.
abstract: Flutamide, an effective competitive inhibitor of the androgen receptor used orally for palliative treatment of prostatic carcinoma and regulation of prostatic hyperplasia was evaluated for its genotoxic effects in the intact rat and in primary cultures of human hepatocytes. Negative responses were obtained in all the in vivo assays as well as in the in vitro assay. In rats given a single oral dose of 500 mg/kg flutamide, fragmentation and repair of liver DNA were absent, and no increase was observed in the frequency of micronucleated hepatocytes. In the liver of rats given flutamide as initiating agent at the dose of 500 mg/kg/week for 6 successive weeks, gamma-glutamyltraspeptidase-positive foci were detected only in 3 of 10 rats. There was no evidence of a promoting effect on the development of aberrant crypt foci in rats given 100 mg/kg flutamide on alternate days for 8 successive weeks. In primary cultures of human hepatocytes from one male and one female donor DNA fragmentation as measured by the Comet assays, and DNA repair synthesis as revealed by quantitative autoradiography, were absent after a 20 hr exposure to flutamide concentrations ranging from 18 to 56 microM. Taken as a whole, our results seem to indicate that flutamide is a non-genotoxic drug.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genova, Italy. farmdimi@unige.it
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Martelli
authors.forename: G B
authors.initials: GB
authors.lastname: Campart
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Carrozzino
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ghia
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Mattioli
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Mereto
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Orsi
authors.forename: C P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Puglia
mesh_terms: D000726:Androgen Antagonists / Q000633:toxicity*; D000818:Animals; D018931:Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal / Q000633:toxicity*; D001397:Azoxymethane / Q000633:toxicity; D003106:Colon / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D003110:Colonic Neoplasms / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000473:pathology; D020552:Comet Assay; D004249:DNA Damage / Q000187:drug effects; D053938:DNA Fragmentation / Q000187:drug effects; D004052:Diethylnitrosamine / Q000633:toxicity; D005260:Female; D005485:Flutamide / Q000633:toxicity*; D006801:Humans; D008099:Liver / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D015162:Micronucleus Tests; D008875:Middle Aged; D009153:Mutagens / Q000633:toxicity*; D011230:Precancerous Conditions / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley
chemical_list: D000726:Androgen Antagonists; D018931:Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal; D009153:Mutagens; D004052:Diethylnitrosamine; D005485:Flutamide; D001397:Azoxymethane