title: Are nonspecific practice guidelines potentially harmful? A randomized comparison of the effect of nonspecific versus specific guidelines on physician decision making.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To test the ability of two different clinical practice guideline formats to influence physician ordering of electrodiagnostic tests in low back pain.
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomized controlled trial of the effect of practice guidelines on self-reported physician test ordering behavior in response to a series of 12 clinical vignettes. Data came from a national random sample of 900 U.S. neurologists, physical medicine physicians, and general internists.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two different versions of a practice guideline for the use of electrodiagnostic tests (EDT) were developed by the U.S. Agency for Health Care Policy and Research Low Back Problems Panel. The two guidelines were similar in content but varied in the specificity of their recommendations.
  
  
  METHODS
  The proportion of clinical vignettes for which EDTs were ordered for appropriate and inappropriate clinical indications in each of three physician groups were randomly assigned to receive vignettes alone, vignettes plus the nonspecific version of the guideline, or vignettes plus the specific version of the guideline.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The response rate to the survey was 71 percent. The proportion of appropriate vignettes for which EDTs were ordered averaged 77 percent for the no guideline group, 71 percent for the nonspecific guideline group, and 79 percent for the specific guideline group (p = .002). The corresponding values for the number of EDTs ordered for inappropriate vignettes were 32 percent, 32 percent, and 26 percent, respectively (p = .08). Pairwise comparisons showed that physicians receiving the nonspecific guidelines ordered fewer EDTs for appropriate clinical vignettes than did physicians receiving no guidelines (p = .02). Furthermore, compared to physicians receiving nonspecific guidelines, physicians receiving specific guidelines ordered significantly more EDTs for appropriate vignettes (p = .0007) and significantly fewer EDTs for inappropriate vignettes (p = .04).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The clarity and clinical applicability of a guideline may be important attributes that contribute to the effects of practice guidelines.
authors.affiliation: Veterans Affairs Health Services Research & Development Service, West Los Angeles Veterans Affairs Medical Center, CA 90073, USA.
authors.forename: P G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Shekelle
authors.forename: R L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Kravitz
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Beart
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Marger
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D003657:Decision Making; D004568:Electrodiagnosis / Q000592:standards / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006302:Health Services Research; D006801:Humans; D007388:Internal Medicine / Q000592:standards / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D017116:Low Back Pain / Q000175:diagnosis*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D009462:Neurology / Q000592:standards / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D010810:Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine / Q000592:standards / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D010820:Physicians / Q000523:psychology*; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic / Q000592:standards*; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians' / Q000592:standards / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D014481:United States; D016270:United States Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality