title: Assessment of voiding dysfunction in Parkinson's disease by the international prostate symptom score.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To find the incidence of voiding dysfunction in Parkinson's disease and to examine the relation between the voiding dysfunction and various indices of the disease (disease severity, disease duration, age, sex, and treatment with antiparkisonian drugs), the presence of voiding dysfunction was quantitatively estimated in patients sampled on the unselected (consecutive) basis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using the international prostate symptom score, lower urinary tract symptoms were quantitatively evaluated in all patients with Parkinson's disease visiting this neurological clinic during 1 month.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 203 patients who had completed the questionnaire, 55 (27%) were considered to have symptomatic voiding dysfunction. The degree of lower urinary tract symptoms in these patients was well correlated with the severity of the disease rather than with the disease duration or the age. Thirty three (16%) patients had irritative symptoms alone, whereas three (1.5%) patients had obstructive symptoms alone. The irritative and obstructive symptoms were concomitant in 13 (6%) patients. Quality of life was disturbed by lower urinary tract symptoms, and this disturbance paralleled the severity of the disease. The influence of antiparkisonian drugs on the lower urinary tract symptoms was uncertain. The incidence of lower urinary tract symptoms seemed to be independent of sex, but obstructive symptoms were prevalent in male patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study suggests that voiding dysfunction in patients with Parkinson's disease progressively develops at advanced stages (> or =Hoehn and Yahr stage 3 of the disability). The International prostate symptom score is useful in evaluating the voiding dysfunction of neurodegenerative disease in both men and women, not only reflecting prostatic symptoms.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Utano National Hospital, Kyoto, Japan. iaraki@utano.hosp.go.jp
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Araki
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kuno
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014549:Urinary Incontinence / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology