title: Vascular ATP-dependent potassium channels, nitric oxide, and human forearm reactive hyperemia.
abstract: Vascular ATP-dependent potassium (K+ATP) channels open and contribute to reactive hyperemia (RH) in animals. The contribution of K+ATP channels to ischemic vasolidation during RH and interactions with endothelium-derived nitric oxide have not been well characterized in human subjects. RH blood flow responses (mL/dL) following 5 minutes of cuff occlusion were measured using strain-gauge plethysmography in 22 normal human subjects age 42 +/- 2 years. Measurements were obtained at baseline and following intra-arterial administration of the K+ATP channel closer glibenclamide, the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor L-N-monomethyl arginine (L-NMMA), or both drugs simultaneously. Glibenclamide (100 micrograms/min) did not change basal flow (2.7 +/- 0.3 to 2.7 +/- 0.3 mL/min/dL), but L-NMMA (8 mumol/min) and combined glibenclamide and L-NMMA significantly (p < 0.05) decreased basal flow (3.0 +/- 0.5 to 2.0 +/- 0.2 and 3.3 +/- 0.5 to 2.5 +/- 0.3, respectively). Glibenclamide significantly (p < 0.01) decreased RH flow (18.2 +/- 1.3 to 14.8 +/- 1.3) and excess flow (5.3 +/- 1.2 to 1.3 +/- 1.3). L-NMMA significantly (p < 0.05) decreased RH flow (21.2 +/- 1.8 to 18.9 +/- 1.9) and tended to decrease excess flow (6.1 +/- 2.2 to 3.9 +/- 2.5). Combined drug infusion significantly (p < 0.1) decreased RH flow (21.6 +/- 2.2 to 18.0 +/- 2.4) and excess flow (6.3 +/- 1.6 to 1.6 +/- 1.6), with reductions in RH and excess flow similar to those following glibenclamide infusion alone. We conclude that forearm vascular K+ATP channels are closed at baseline. They open and contribute to RH vasodilation. The addition of nitric oxide inhibition to K+ATP channel blockade does not result in additive or synergistic inhibition of RH.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA. bankx001@tc.umn.edu
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Bank
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sih
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mullen
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Osayamwen
authors.forename: P C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000378:metabolism; D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D005542:Forearm / Q000098:blood supply; D005905:Glyburide / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D006940:Hyperemia / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism*; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism*; D015221:Potassium Channels / Q000378:metabolism*; D012039:Regional Blood Flow / Q000187:drug effects; D019323:omega-N-Methylarginine / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D015221:Potassium Channels; D019323:omega-N-Methylarginine; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; D005905:Glyburide