title: Association of coping responses with fibromyalgia tender points in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the association between fibromyalgia (FM) tender points (TP) and psychological constructs in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred seventy-three patients with SLE were examined for FM TP, and asked to complete 2 questionnaires at the same visit, the Health-Related Hardiness Scale (HRHS), and the Mishel Uncertainty in Illness Scale (MUIS).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The examination of FM TP showed that 38.2% had no TP, 44.5% had 1-10 TP, and 17.3% had > or = 11 TP. The mean +/- SD score of the HRHS was 155.6 +/- 19.7 (range 105.0-198.0; higher scores indicate greater hardiness), and the MUIS was 85.3 +/- 18.7 (range 41.0-132.0; higher scores indicate uncertainty). There were significant associations between FM TP and HRHS (no TP 161.2 +/- 20.2, 1-10 TP 152.5 +/- 19.7, > or = 11 TP 151.0 +/- 15.8; p = 0.0108) and between FM TP and MUIS (no TP 78.2 +/- 20.2, 1-10 TP 86.9 +/- 17.6, > or = 11 TP 95.8 +/- 14.7; p = 0.0001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study shows a strong association between FM TP and uncertainty or lack of "hardiness." We conclude that SLE patients with FM TP are less likely to be good "copers." Prospective studies to determine if "poor coping" predicts FM in SLE are recommended. If the association between coping and FM is causal, it will justify interventions to improve coping and similar constructs, such as self-efficacy.
authors.affiliation: Division of Rheumatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Akkasilpa
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Minor
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Goldman
authors.forename: L S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Magder
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Petri
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D005356:Fibromyalgia / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D008180:Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010146:Pain / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires