title: Determination of carphedon in human urine by solid-phase microextraction using capillary gas chromatography with nitrogen-phosphorus detection.
abstract: Carphedon is a phenyl derivative of nootropil and is effective in increasing physical endurance and cold resistance, and is used for amnesia treatment. Carphedon was extracted from human urine samples by solid-phase microextraction with a 65 microns carbowax-divinylbenzene-coated fiber. This analysis was performed by using capillary gas chromatography with nitrogen-phosphorus detection and optimized at pH 9.6, 30% NaCl, immersion time 10 min and desorption in the GC injector at 250 degrees C for 3 min. The regression equation for carphedon showed good linearity in the range from 0.1 to 10 micrograms ml-1 for human urine samples. The limit of detection was 0.01 microgram ml-1. The developed method is more sensitive and simpler in sample preparation than liquid-liquid extraction and can be applied to doping analysis for stimulants.
authors.affiliation: Bioanalysis and Biotransformation Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Cheongryang, Seoul, South Korea. skkim@kist.re.kr
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: S W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Myung
authors.forename: D S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Lho
mesh_terms: D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants / Q000652:urine*; D002849:Chromatography, Gas / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D010889:Piracetam / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000652:urine; D015813:Substance Abuse Detection / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants; C037917:4-phenylpiracetam; D010889:Piracetam