title: A role for hepatocyte growth factor during early postimplantation growth of the placental lineage in mice.
abstract: Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) is implicated in placental development; hgfr and hgf null mutant embryos develop placental insufficiency and lethality at 11.5 days (E11.5) after fertilization. The function of HGF in placentation at implantation (E4.5) has not been studied. Using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, we detected HGF receptor (HGFR) mRNA in preimplantation embryos and in cultured blastocyst outgrowths. HGFR protein was detected in trophoblast cells in blastocyst outgrowths. HGF mRNA was not detected at these stages but was detected in the uterus at E5.5. Using in situ hybridization, we detected HGF mRNA in the mesometrial uterus, near the embryo, from E6.5 through E8.5. At E8.5, HGFR mRNA was detected in the chorionic placenta, and HGF mRNA was detected in the allantois. The expression for HGF and HGFR suggested a maternal-to-embryonic communication before the development of the allantois. To test this, blastocyst outgrowths were cultured with HGF. HGF stimulated the outgrowth of trophoblasts in a time-dependent manner and stimulated the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen, but it did not scatter trophoblasts. HGF stimulated an increase in the trophoblast cell number, but caused a decrease in the total number of terminally differentiated trophoblasts expressing placental lactogen-1 protein. These data suggest that HGF stimulates the cell division, but not the differentiation, of trophoblast cells during implantation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Rappolee
mesh_terms: D016475:3T3 Cells; D000818:Animals; D001755:Blastocyst / Q000502:physiology; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000648:ultrastructure; D047108:Embryonic Development / Q000502:physiology*; D005314:Embryonic and Fetal Development / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D017228:Hepatocyte Growth Factor / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000502:physiology*; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D017403:In Situ Hybridization; D051379:Mice; D008815:Mice, Inbred Strains; D010920:Placenta / Q000502:physiology*; D011247:Pregnancy; D019859:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-met / Q000096:biosynthesis; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D014327:Trophoblasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D014599:Uterus / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D012333:RNA, Messenger; D017228:Hepatocyte Growth Factor; D019859:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-met