title: Payer status and the utilization of hospital resources in acute myocardial infarction: a report from the National Registry of Myocardial Infarction 2.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Prior studies have suggested that payer status may be an important determinant of medical resource utilization and outcome in acute myocardial infarction (AMI).
  
  
  METHODS
  A national cohort of 332,221 patients with AMI enrolled from June 1994 to July 1996 were compared within 5 payer groups to ascertain the influence of payer status on hospital resource allocation for AMI in the United States.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Medicare comprised the largest proportion (56%), followed by commercial insurance (25%), health maintenance organization (HMO) (10%), uninsured (6%), and Medicaid (3%). Compared with commercially insured patients, Medicare and Medicaid patients received fewer reperfusion therapies, underwent fewer invasive cardiac procedures, and had longer hospitalizations. After adjusting for differences in clinical characteristics, Medicare recipients were as likely as commercially insured patients to receive acute reperfusion therapies or any invasive cardiac procedure. Uninsured and HMO patients tended to utilize hospital resources with intermediate frequency. Medicare recipients aged 65 years or older and the HMO group had similar hospital mortality rates compared with the commercial group (odds ratio [OR], 1.07; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.96-1.20 and OR, 0.93; 95% CI, 0.83-1.04, respectively), but Medicaid and uninsured groups had higher hospital mortality rates compared with the commercial group (OR, 1.30; 95% CI, 1.14-1.48 and OR, 1.29; 95% CI, 1.12-1.48, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This report suggests significant variation by payer status in the management of AMI throughout the United States, but no important differences in mortality among the 3 largest payer groups.
authors.affiliation: University of Alabama Medical Center, Birmingham 35294-0012, USA.
authors.forename: J G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Canto
authors.forename: W J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Rogers
authors.forename: W J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: French
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Gore
authors.forename: N C
authors.initials: NC
authors.lastname: Chandra
authors.forename: H V
authors.initials: HV
authors.lastname: Barron
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015986:Confounding Factors, Epidemiologic; D003325:Coronary Care Units / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D006295:Health Resources / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D017052:Hospital Mortality; D006761:Hospitals / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D007348:Insurance, Health; D007902:Length of Stay; D008297:Male; D008484:Medicaid; D006278:Medicare; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000401:mortality* / Q000628:therapy*; D009204:Myocardial Revascularization / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D010043:Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care; D015996:Survival Rate; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology