title: Anterior mitral leaflet prolapse as a primary cause of pure rheumatic mitral insufficiency.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study was designed to revise the mechanisms and repair techniques of anterior mitral leaflet prolapse observed during the correction of pure rheumatic mitral regurgitation in children.
  
  
  METHODS
  From March 1993 to May 1998, 36 children suffering from pure rheumatic mitral regurgitation due to anterior leaflet prolapse underwent mitral valve repair. The mean age was 12.5 years (range, 6 to 16 years). Anterior leaflet prolapse was due to chordal elongation in 25 patients (group A), chordal rupture in 6 patients (group B), and retraction of anterior secondary chordae tendineae, creating a V-shaped deformity in the middle of the anterior leaflet, thus moving the free edge of the anterior leaflet away from the coaptation plane, in 5 patients (group C). Chordal shortening, transposition, and resection of anterior secondary chordae tendineae were used to correct anterior leaflet prolapse according to the predominantly responsible mechanism.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All patients were available for clinical follow-up, which ranged from 6 months to 5 years (mean follow-up, 3 years). Echocardiographic studies were obtained until the 3rd postoperative month, and all patients showed significant improvement in their left ventricular and atrial dimensions. There was one late death related to endocarditis. Two patients in group C who had mitral valve repair underwent mitral valve replacement on the 19th and 24th postoperative months, respectively, because of failure of mitral valve repair.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Mitral valve repair for pure mitral regurgitation due to rheumatic anterior leaflet prolapse can be performed safely for all types of mechanisms. Although the techniques we used provide stable short-term results in each of these groups, midterm results are better in groups A and B, where tissue thickening is less important, recurrences of rheumatic carditis are lower, and the interval between the first rheumatic attack and the surgical procedure is shorter than in group C.
authors.affiliation: Clinic for Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Pathology, University Cantonal Hospital of Geneva, Switzerland. afksendyios.kalangos@hcuge.ch
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kalangos
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Beghetti
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Vala
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Jaeggi
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kaya
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Karpuz
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Murith
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Faidutti
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D006348:Cardiac Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods; D002648:Child; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008944:Mitral Valve Insufficiency / Q000209:etiology* / Q000601:surgery*; D008945:Mitral Valve Prolapse / Q000150:complications* / Q000601:surgery*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012214:Rheumatic Heart Disease / Q000209:etiology* / Q000601:surgery*