title: Irinotecan combined with fluorouracil compared with fluorouracil alone as first-line treatment for metastatic colorectal cancer: a multicentre randomised trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Irinotecan is active against colorectal cancer in patients whose disease is refractory to fluorouracil. We investigated the efficacy of these two agents combined for first-line treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  387 patients previously untreated with chemotherapy (other than adjuvant) for advanced colorectal cancer were randomly assigned open-label irinotecan plus fluorouracil and calcium folinate (irinotecan group, n=199) or fluorouracil and calcium folinate alone (no-irinotecan group, n=188). Infusion schedules were once weekly or every 2 weeks, and were chosen by each centre. We assessed response rates and time to progression, and also response duration, survival, and quality of life. Analyses were done on the intention-to-treat population and on evaluable patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The response rate was significantly higher in patients in the irinotecan group than in those in the no-irinotecan group (49 vs 31%, p<0.001 for evaluable patients, 35 vs 22%, p<0.005 by intention to treat). Time to progression was significantly longer in the irinotecan group than in the no-irinotecan group (median 6.7 vs 4.4 months, p<0.001), and overall survival was higher (median 17.4 vs 14.1 months, p=0.031). Some grade 3 and 4 toxic effects were significantly more frequent in the irinotecan group than in the no-irinotecan group, but effects were predictible, reversible, non-cumulative, and manageable.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Irinotecan combined with fluorouracil and calcium folinate was well-tolerated and increased response rate, time to progression, and survival, with a later deterioration in quality of life. This combination should be considered as a reference first-line treatment for metastatic colorectal cancer.
authors.affiliation: Centre René Gauducheau, Saint Herblain, France.
authors.forename: J Y
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Douillard
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Cunningham
authors.forename: A D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Roth
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Navarro
authors.forename: R D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: James
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Karasek
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Jandik
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Iveson
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Carmichael
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Alakl
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gruia
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Awad
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rougier
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002166:Camptothecin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D005472:Fluorouracil / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans; D000077146:Irinotecan; D002955:Leucovorin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011788:Quality of Life; D015996:Survival Rate
chemical_list: D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; D000077146:Irinotecan; D002955:Leucovorin; D005472:Fluorouracil; D002166:Camptothecin