title: Direct, minimally invasive adenomectomy for primary hyperparathyroidism: An alternative to conventional neck exploration?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the feasibility and efficacy of a direct, minimally invasive adenomectomy (MIA) as an alternative to conventional neck exploration (CNE) in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Because primary hyperparathyroidism is caused by a solitary adenoma in 85% to 90% of patients, a direct adenomectomy through a mini-incision would theoretically suffice whenever an adenoma is correctly localized on preoperative imaging. If effective, a less invasive method could spare the patient an unnecessary bilateral neck exploration, thus saving time and rendering future surgical procedures in the neck less problematic.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between October 1994 and October 1998, 110 consecutive patients with biochemically proven primary hyperparathyroidism who were to undergo surgery were enrolled in this study. Ultrasound and spiral CT were routinely performed as standard preoperative imaging modalities in the first series of 65 patients. In the second series of 45 patients, ultrasound was performed as the sole initial modality; it was supplemented by CT only in case of inconclusive test results. If test results were unequivocal (one adenoma), the patient was offered MIA. CNE was performed if the results were equivocal or if multiglandular disease was suspected.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall, 84 patients were selected for MIA and 26 for CNE. In the first series, 2 MIA procedures (2/51) were converted to CNE because of negative perioperative findings. All 65 procedures resulted in normocalcemia. In the second series, all but five (4/33 MIAs, 1/12 CNEs) resulted in normocalcemia. A reexploration (CNE) was performed in three patients, resulting in normocalcemia after resection of a second or third adenoma. Two patients are still awaiting reexploration. In both series together, 78 of the 110 patients were successfully treated with MIA and spared CNE.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  MIA is a safe and effective alternative to CNE that may replace CNE in approximately two thirds of all patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: P C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Smit
authors.forename: I H
authors.initials: IH
authors.lastname: Borel Rinkes
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: van Dalen
authors.forename: T J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: van Vroonhoven
mesh_terms: D000236:Adenoma / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006961:Hyperparathyroidism / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019060:Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures; D010282:Parathyroid Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery; D016105:Parathyroidectomy / Q000379:methods*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome