title: Protein kinase C-theta participates in NF-kappaB activation induced by CD3-CD28 costimulation through selective activation of IkappaB kinase beta.
abstract: The NF-kappaB/Rel family of eukaryotic transcription factors plays an essential role in the regulation of inflammatory, antiapoptotic, and immune responses. NF-kappaB is activated by many stimuli including costimulation of T cells with ligands specific for the T-cell receptor (TCR)-CD3 complex and CD28 receptors. However, the signaling intermediates that transduce these costimulatory signals from the TCR-CD3 and CD28 surface receptors leading to nuclear NF-kappaB expression are not well defined. We now show that protein kinase C-theta (PKC-theta), a novel PKC isoform, plays a central role in a signaling pathway induced by CD3-CD28 costimulation leading to activation of NF-kappaB in Jurkat T cells. We find that expression of a constitutively active mutant of PKC-theta potently induces NF-kappaB activation and stimulates the RE/AP composite enhancer from the interleukin-2 gene. Conversely, expression of a kinase-deficient mutant or antisense PKC-theta selectively inhibits CD3-CD28 costimulation, but not tumor necrosis factor alpha-induced activation of NF-kappaB in Jurkat T cells. The induction of NF-kappaB by PKC-theta is mediated through the activation of IkappaB kinase beta (IKKbeta) in the absence of detectable IKKalpha stimulation. PKC-theta acts directly or indirectly to stimulate phosphorylation of IKKbeta, leading to activation of this enzyme. Together, these results implicate PKC-theta in one pathway of CD3-CD28 costimulation leading to NF-kappaB activation that is apparently distinct from that involving Cot and NF-kappaB-inducing kinase (NIK). PKC-theta activation of NF-kappaB is mediated through the selective induction of IKKbeta, while the Cot- and NIK-dependent pathway involves induction of both IKKalpha and IKKbeta.
authors.affiliation: Gladstone Institute of Virology and Immunology, Departments of Medicine and Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, California 94141, USA.
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: O'Mahony
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Mu
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Geleziunas
authors.forename: W C
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Greene
mesh_terms: D018106:CD28 Antigens / Q000378:metabolism*; D017252:CD3 Complex / Q000378:metabolism*; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic; D006801:Humans; D051550:I-kappa B Kinase; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D019169:Jurkat Cells; D009154:Mutation; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism*; D011493:Protein Kinase C / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D000074121:Protein Kinase C-theta; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction
chemical_list: D018106:CD28 Antigens; D017252:CD3 Complex; D007527:Isoenzymes; D016328:NF-kappa B; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; C496559:CHUK protein, human; D051550:I-kappa B Kinase; C496560:IKBKB protein, human; C496565:IKBKE protein, human; C076233:PRKCQ protein, human; D011493:Protein Kinase C; D000074121:Protein Kinase C-theta