title: Tacrolimus limits polymorphonuclear leucocyte accumulation and protects against myocardial ischaemia- reperfusion injury.
abstract: Intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of either human and experimental myocardial ischaemia. Tacrolimus, formerly known as FK506, has been previously shown to display cardioprotective effects on experimental ischaemia/reperfusion-induced myocardial damage. This study investigated whether cardioprotection induced by tacrolimus in myocardial ischaemia-reperfusion (MI/R) injury might be due to inhibition of the nuclear factor kappa B (NF- kappaB) that in turn causes reduced cardiac ICAM-1 expression and blunted polymorphonuclear leukocyte accumulation. Anaesthetized rats were subjected to total occlusion (45 min) of the left main coronary artery followed by 5 h reperfusion (MI/R). Sham myocardial ischaemia-reperfusion rats (Sham MI/R) were used as controls. Myocardial necrosis, myocardial myeloperoxidase activity, serum creatine kinase (CK) activity, cardiac mRNA for ICAM-1 reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, the inhibitory protein of NF- kappaB I kappaB alpha (Western blot analysis) in the myocardium-at-risk, and left ventricle d P/d t(max)were evaluated. Myocardial ischaemia plus reperfusion in untreated rats produced marked myocardial necrosis, increased serum CK activity and myeloperoxidase activity (MPO, a marker of leukocyte accumulation) both in the area at risk and in the necrotic area, and reduced the left ventricle dP/d t(max). Furthermore, inhibitory protein I kappaB alpha levels decreased, and cardiac mRNA for ICAM-1 increased, after 0.5 and 5 h of reperfusion, respectively. Administration of tacrolimus (25, 50 and 100microg/kg as an i.v. infusion 5 min after reperfusion) lowered myocardial necrosis and myeloperoxidase activity in the area at risk and in necrotic area, decreased serum CK activity, increased left ventricle dP/d t(max), reduced the loss the of inhibitory protein I kappaB alpha and blunted the message for ICAM-1. The present data suggest that tacrolimus blocks the early activation of the transcription factor NF- kappaB, suppresses ICAM-1 gene activation, reduces leukocyte accumulation and protects against myocardial ischaemia-reperfusion injury.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Pharmacology, University of Messina, Italy.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Squadrito
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Altavilla
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Squadrito
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Saitta
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Deodato
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Arlotta
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Minutoli
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Quartarone
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ferlito
authors.forename: A P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Caputi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003402:Creatine Kinase / Q000097:blood; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D006439:Hemodynamics; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism*; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000473:pathology; D017202:Myocardial Ischemia / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D015428:Myocardial Reperfusion Injury / Q000517:prevention & control*; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000276:immunology*; D009195:Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D016559:Tacrolimus / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism*; D015533:Transcriptional Activation
chemical_list: D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D016328:NF-kappa B; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1; D009195:Peroxidase; D003402:Creatine Kinase; D016559:Tacrolimus