title: Solution structure and backbone dynamics of long-[Arg(3)]insulin-like growth factor-I.
abstract: Long-[Arg(3)]insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) is a potent analog of insulin-like growth factor-I that has been modified by a Glu(3) --> Arg mutation and a 13-amino acid extension appended to the N terminus. We have determined the solution structure of (15)N-labeled Long-[Arg(3)]-IGF-I using high resolution NMR and restrained molecular dynamics techniques to a precision of 0.82 +/- 0.28 A root mean square deviation for the backbone heavy atoms in the three alpha-helices and 3.5 +/- 0.9 A root mean square deviation for all backbone heavy atoms excluding the 8 N-terminal residues and the 8 C-terminal eight residues. Overall, the structure of the IGF-I domain is consistent with earlier studies of IGF-I with some minor changes remote from the N terminus. The major variations in the structure, compared with IGF-I, occur at the N terminus with a substantial reorientation of the N-terminal three residues of the IGF-I domain. These results are interpreted in terms of the lower binding affinity for insulin-like growth factor-binding proteins. The backbone dynamics of Long-[Arg(3)]IGF-I were investigated using (15)N nuclear spin relaxation and the heteronuclear nuclear Overhauser enhancement (NOE). There is a considerable degree of flexibility in Long-[Arg(3)]IGF-I, even in the alpha-helices, as indicated by an average ((1)H)(15)N NOE of 0.55 for the regions. The largest heteronuclear NOEs are observed in the helical regions, lower heteronuclear NOEs are observed in the C-domain loop separating helix 1 from helix 2, and negative heteronuclear NOEs are observed in the N-terminal extension and at the C terminus. Despite these data indicating conformational flexibility for the N-terminal extension, slow amide proton exchange was observed for some residues in this region, suggesting some transitory structure does exist, possibly a molten helix. A certain degree of flexibility may be necessary in all insulin-like growth factors to enable association with various receptors and binding proteins.
authors.affiliation: Research School of Chemistry, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, South Australia 5000.
authors.forename: L G
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Laajoki
authors.forename: G L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Francis
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Wallace
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Carver
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Keniry
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000737:chemistry; D008958:Models, Molecular; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D019906:Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular; D017433:Protein Structure, Secondary; D012996:Solutions
chemical_list: D012996:Solutions; C085700:long R(3)-insulin-like growth factor-I; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I