title: Antioxidant and anti-tumor promoting activities of the methanol extract of heat-processed ginseng.
abstract: Heat treatment of Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer at a temperature higher than that applied to the conventional preparation of red ginseng yielded a mixture of saponins with potent antioxidative properties. Thus, the methanol extract of heat-processed neoginseng (designated as 'NGMe') attenuated lipid peroxidation in rat brain homogenates induced by ferric ion or ferric ion plus ascorbic acid. Furthermore, the extract protected against strand scission in phiX174 supercoiled DNA induced by UV photolysis of H2O2, and was also capable of scavenging superoxide generated by xanthine-xanthine oxidase or by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) in differentiated human promyelocytic leukemia (HL-60) cells. Topical application of NGMe onto shaven backs of female ICR mice 10 min prior to TPA, significantly ameliorated skin papillomagenesis initiated by 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene. Moreover, TPA-induced enhancement of epidermal ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity and ODC mRNA expression was abolished by a topical dose (0.68 mg) of NGMe. Likewise, TPA-induced production of tumor necrosis factor- in mouse skin was inhibited by NGMe pretreatment.
authors.affiliation: Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, South Korea.
authors.forename: Y S
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Keum
authors.forename: K K
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: K S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Chun
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: S K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kwon
authors.forename: Y J
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Surh
mesh_terms: D015127:9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene / Q000009:adverse effects; D000818:Animals; D016588:Anticarcinogenic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010584:Bacteriophage phi X 174 / Q000235:genetics; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D002273:Carcinogens / Q000009:adverse effects; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000528:radiation effects; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic / Q000187:drug effects; D018922:HL-60 Cells; D006358:Hot Temperature; D006801:Humans; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000009:adverse effects; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D000432:Methanol; D051379:Mice; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D009955:Ornithine Decarboxylase / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005894:Panax / Q000737:chemistry*; D010212:Papilloma / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000517:prevention & control; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010946:Plants, Medicinal; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012867:Skin / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000517:prevention & control; D013481:Superoxides / Q000378:metabolism; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate / Q000009:adverse effects; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays / Q000009:adverse effects
chemical_list: D016588:Anticarcinogenic Agents; D000975:Antioxidants; D002273:Carcinogens; D004279:DNA, Viral; D010936:Plant Extracts; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D013481:Superoxides; D015127:9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D009955:Ornithine Decarboxylase; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate; D000432:Methanol