title: Rectal carcinoma: double-contrast MR imaging for preoperative staging.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate and compare the imaging findings and staging of rectal carcinoma by using conventional magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, MR imaging with an enema of superparamagnetic ferristene-based contrast material, and MR imaging with an enema of ferristene solution plus intravenous injection of gadodiamide.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-nine patients (17 women, 12 men; age range, 39-91 years) referred with a diagnosis of rectal carcinoma were examined. Analysis of the rectal wall and staging of the tumor were performed. In all patients, the MR imaging findings were correlated with the histopathologic findings.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The contrast material enema caused distention of the rectum and an intraluminal signal void, whereas the gadodiamide injection caused enhancement of the mucosa on T1-weighted images. This enhancement enabled evaluation of the normal rectal wall and differentiation of the mucosa, tunica muscularis, and perirectal space, which was not possible on the nonenhanced images. Double-contrast (ferristene solution plus gadodiamide) MR imaging was superior to imaging with only ferristene-based contrast material and had a sensitivity of 100%, specificity of 70%, and accuracy of 90% in distinguishing tumor stages worse than Dukes A.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Double contrast material-enhanced MR imaging enables accurate rectal carcinoma staging, which is not possible at nonenhanced imaging.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Center for Medical Imaging and Physiology, University Hospital, S-221 85 Lund, Sweden.
authors.forename: N O
authors.initials: NO
authors.lastname: Wallengren
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Holtås
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Andrén-Sandberg
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Jonsson
authors.forename: D T
authors.initials: DT
authors.lastname: Kristoffersson
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: McGill
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016477:Artifacts; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004733:Enema; D005069:Evaluation Studies as Topic; D005260:Female; D005290:Ferric Compounds / Q000008:administration & dosage; D019786:Gadolinium DTPA / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods*; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000473:pathology; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000473:pathology; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009130:Muscle, Smooth / Q000473:pathology; D011300:Preoperative Care; D012372:ROC Curve; D012004:Rectal Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology; D012007:Rectum / Q000473:pathology; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D005290:Ferric Compounds; C101499:ferristene; C064925:gadodiamide; D019786:Gadolinium DTPA