title: Altered expression of natural killer cell inhibitory receptors (KIRs) on T cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and peripheral blood of sarcoidosis patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The role for natural killer cell inhibitory receptors (KIRs) on T cells is not fully understood, but signalling through KIRs on T cells may inhibit T cell receptor mediated activation, and KIR expression has been suggested to be one mechanism of controlling T cell mediated immune responses. An aberrant KIR expression on T cells could thus be of importance in autoimmune as well as infectious disorders. Sarcoidosis patients have several immunological impairments that have not been clarified, and we here examined the KIR expression on CD4+ and CD8+ peripheral blood (PBL) and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) T cells of sarcoidosis patients and controls.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used three KIR specific monoclonal antibodies, namely DX9 (specific for p70), DX27 (p58) and DX22 (specific for CD94, that belongs to another major group of KIRs) and flow cytometry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  p70 was expressed lower in patient CD8+ PBL (median 2.3%) compared to controls (6.3%) (p < 0.01). In patients, p58 was expressed by less CD8+ BAL lymphocytes (median 1.2%) compared to PBL (6.8%) (p < 0.01) while CD94 was expressed by more CD8+ BAL lymphocytes (median 14.5%) compared to PBL (9.6%) (p < 0.01). Moreover, in CD8+ PBL, CD94 and p58 were expressed significantly lower in patients with an active vs. inactive disease, and in patients with chest radiographic stage I vs. stage II, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The significantly altered expression of distinct KIRs on CD8+ T cells in sarcoidosis, especially in patients with signs of an active disease, indicate these cells to be dysregulated and implicate them in the pathogenesis of the disease.
authors.affiliation: Health Care Center, Oita Medical University, Japan.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mizuki
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Eklund
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Grunewald
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001992:Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid / Q000276:immunology*; D016516:CD4-CD8 Ratio; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D018414:CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007694:Killer Cells, Natural / Q000276:immunology; D008297:Male; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic / Q000276:immunology*; D054340:Receptors, KIR; D054344:Receptors, KIR2DL3; D017565:Sarcoidosis, Pulmonary / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: C515078:KIR2DL3 protein, human; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic; D054340:Receptors, KIR; D054344:Receptors, KIR2DL3