title: Describing paraspinal EMG findings: inadequacy of the single 0-4+ score.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Clinical electrodiagnostic textbooks instruct that lumbar radiculopathies typically have paraspinal abnormalities and that these abnormalities should be recorded using a single 0-4+ scale. Recent work demonstrates that that the innervation of the paraspinal muscles is segmental, not homogenous, and that asymptomatic persons may have reproducible ("1+") positive waves or fibrillation potentials.
  
  
  METHODS
  To assess current use of the 0-4+ scale, a retrospective study of EMG scores in persons diagnosed with radiculopathy at a university laboratory was performed. No specific paraspinal EMG technique was used. Included were 117 consecutive, qualified S-1 radiculopathies and 33 L-5 radiculopathies.
  
  
  RESULTS
  When radiculopathy was defined by "more than one limb muscle abnormal," paraspinal scores were recorded as 0 to 1+ in 83% of L-5 and 63% of S-1 cases (chi2, L-5 vs. S-1, not significant). For more severe radiculopathies (at least one limb muscle with a "2+" score), 0-1+ paraspinal scores were recorded in 76% of L-5 and 57% of S-1 cases (chi2, not significant). A total of 82% of S-1 radiculopathies with no overlapping L-5 innervation had 0-1+ scores.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data demonstrate the common use of equivocal paraspinal scores in patients whom electromyographers believe have radiculopathies. Standardized exploration techniques and a more detailed scoring system for the paraspinal muscles may eliminate this discrepancy.
authors.affiliation: Spine Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 48109-0042, USA.
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Haig
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Levine
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ruan
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yamakawa
mesh_terms: D000200:Action Potentials; D003627:Data Interpretation, Statistical; D004576:Electromyography / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D017116:Low Back Pain / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology; D008161:Lumbosacral Region; D009132:Muscles / Q000294:innervation / Q000503:physiopathology*; D011843:Radiculopathy / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012720:Severity of Illness Index