title: The trouble with kidneys derived from the non heart-beating donor: a single center 10-year experience.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The demand for renal transplantation has increasingly outstripped the supply of donor organs especially over the past 10 years. Although related and unrelated live donation is being promoted as one option for increasing the donor pool, it is unlikely that this will in itself be able to bridge the gap. Non-heart beating donors (NHBD) can provide an alternative supply of organs, which should substantially increase the donor pool.
  
  
  METHODS
  In Newcastle, NHBD kidneys have been used for transplantation for a period of 10 years. In the early period (1988-1993) excellent results were obtained (90.5% success); however, these donors were controlled NHBD, Maastricht category III. In the second phase (1994-1998) increasing numbers of donors were obtained from the Accident and Emergency Department unit. These were failed resuscitation for cardiac arrest (category II). The rates of success in this period were poor (45.5% success) and the program was halted. The third phase of the program used machine perfusion of the kidneys and glutathione S transferase enzyme analysis to assess viability.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Using such approaches renal transplants from largely category II donors produced a success rate of 92.3% which was significantly better than the phase II period of the program (P=0.023, Fisher two-tail test).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Machine perfusion and viability assessment of NHB kidneys in phase III of the program has increased our donor pool as well as improved the graft survival. This is particularly relevant for the use of the category II NHB donor where the incidence of primary nonfunction was high, illustrated by phase II where machine perfusion/viability assessment was not used.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Balupuri
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Buckley
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Snowden
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mustafa
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Sen
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Griffiths
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hannon
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Manas
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kirby
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Talbot
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005982:Glutathione Transferase / Q000032:analysis; D006085:Graft Survival; D006323:Heart Arrest / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000201:enzymology; D016030:Kidney Transplantation; D008875:Middle Aged; D010477:Perfusion; D012151:Resuscitation; D014019:Tissue Donors; D014022:Tissue Survival; D017211:Treatment Failure
chemical_list: D005982:Glutathione Transferase