title: Hepatic and splanchnic oxygen consumption during acute hypoxemic hypoxia in anesthetized pigs.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the hepatosplanchnic oxygen consumption (VO2) with the hepatic and splanchnic VO2 and to calculate the critical oxygen delivery (DO2crit) below which VO2 decreases in the hepatic, splanchnic, and hepatosplanchnic regions in a model of hypoxemic hypoxia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective animal study.
  
  
  METHODS
  University research laboratory.
  
  
  METHODS
  Anesthetized and ventilated pigs (n = 7).
  
  
  METHODS
  The right carotid artery was cannulated to measure mean arterial pressure. A pulmonary artery catheter was inserted to measure mean pulmonary arterial pressure and cardiac output. After a midline abdominal incision, two flow probes were positioned around the portal vein and the hepatic artery to measure portal vein blood flow and hepatic artery blood flow. Oxygen and lactate contents in the carotid artery, the portal vein, and the hepatic vein were measured in blood samples obtained from the appropriate catheters.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After a 2-hr stabilization period, hemodynamic and biological variables were recorded during acute hypoxemic hypoxia (FIO2 = 0.5, 0.4, 0.3, 0.21, 0.15, 0.10, and 0.07). VO2, DO2, and DO2crit were determined in the hepatic, splanchnic, and hepatosplanchnic regions. The hepatosplanchnic VO2 was 48 +/- 5 mL/min at high FIO2 (40% for the liver and 60% for the splanchnic organs) and decreased below FIO2 of 0.15. Lactate uptake in the whole hepatosplanchnic region remained steady at FIO2 values of 0.5 to 0.15 and then switched to a lactate release at low FIO2. However, the splanchnic region released lactate, whereas lactate was taken up by the liver. DO2crit in the hepatic, splanchnic, and hepatosplanchnic regions was 24 +/- 3, 38 +/- 2, and 49 +/- 4 mL/min, but the systemic DO2crit, below which regional VO2 became oxygen supply dependent, did not differ in the liver, splanchnic, and hepatosplanchnic regions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The variables of oxygenation and lactate flux measured in the hepatosplanchnic region summarize the metabolic changes of various organs that may vary in different ways during hypoxemic hypoxia.
authors.affiliation: Division d'Investigations Anesthésiologiques, University of Geneva, Switzerland.
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Pastor
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D006439:Hemodynamics; D000860:Hypoxia / Q000097:blood*; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000097:blood; D016014:Linear Models; D008099:Liver / Q000098:blood supply / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D010101:Oxygen Consumption; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013152:Splanchnic Circulation; D013552:Swine
chemical_list: D019344:Lactic Acid