title: The effect of 100% CO2 on the growth of nonproteolytic Clostridium botulinum at chill temperatures.
abstract: The growth of a cocktail of spores from six nonproteolytic Clostridium botulinum type B and E isolates at 5 and 10 degrees C was used to assess the combined effect of NaCl (0.5-4.5% w/v), pH (5.5-6.5) and atmosphere (10% H2:90% N2, 5% CO2:10% H2:85% N2, or 100% CO2) in buffered peptone, yeast, glucose, starch broth with an Eh of approximately -350 mV. Under all atmospheres growth tended to be slower as the concentration of NaCl increased and with NaCl combined with pH levels below 6.0. Of the atmospheres tested, growth occurred at a slower rate and over a narrower range of conditions when C. botulinum was exposed to 100% CO2. This effect was enhanced when the incubation temperature was 5 degrees C. The results indicate that while CO2 decreased C. botulinum growth at chill temperatures, prevention of growth also depended on the NaCl concentration and the pH of the medium.
authors.affiliation: Food Science Australia, North Ryde, New South Wales, Australia. Angela.Gibson@bigpond.com
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Gibson
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Ellis-Brownlee
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Cahill
authors.forename: E A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Szabo
authors.forename: G C
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Fletcher
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Bremer
mesh_terms: D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003014:Clostridium botulinum / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development*; D003080:Cold Temperature; D009391:Nephelometry and Turbidimetry; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction
chemical_list: D002245:Carbon Dioxide