title: Impaired prepulse inhibition of acoustic startle in schizophrenia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Schizophrenics show deficits in sensorimotor gating, as measured by prepulse inhibition of acoustic startle (PPI). The goal of this investigation is to further characterize PPI and habituation deficits in schizophrenia, and to examine whether differing subgroups of schizophrenics would show comparable PPI deficits.
  
  
  METHODS
  PPI was measured in 24 male schizophrenic subjects (9 acutely decompensated inpatients and 15 stable outpatients) and in 20 age-matched normal control subjects. Schizophrenic subjects were rated for positive and negative symptoms at the time of testing.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Schizophrenic subjects showed deficits in prepulse inhibition and habituation as compared to normal subjects. Similar latency facilitation was produced by the prepulse in both groups. Acutely decompensated inpatients and stable outpatients did not differ in percent PPI. PPI did not correlate with severity of positive or negative symptoms.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that schizophrenic subjects have impaired central inhibitory mechanisms as measured by PPI, and support the hypothesis that periods of relative clinical remission are not accompanied by normalization of sensorimotor gating.
authors.affiliation: New York Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Psychiatric Service, New York, NY 10010, USA.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Parwani
authors.forename: E J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Duncan
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bartlett
authors.forename: S H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Madonick
authors.forename: T R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Efferen
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rajan
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sanfilipo
authors.forename: P B
authors.initials: PB
authors.lastname: Chappell
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chakravorty
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gonzenbach
authors.forename: G N
authors.initials: GN
authors.lastname: Ko
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Rotrosen
mesh_terms: D000161:Acoustic Stimulation; D000208:Acute Disease; D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D015415:Biomarkers; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002908:Chronic Disease; D004576:Electromyography; D006185:Habituation, Psychophysiologic; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011334:Proactive Inhibition; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D013216:Reflex, Startle; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012720:Severity of Illness Index
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers