title: Ring annuloplasty prevents delayed leaflet coaptation and mitral regurgitation during acute left ventricular ischemia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Incomplete mitral leaflet coaptation during acute left ventricular ischemia is associated with end-diastolic mitral annular dilatation and ischemic mitral regurgitation. Annular rings were implanted in sheep to investigate whether annular reduction alone is sufficient to prevent mitral regurgitation during acute posterolateral left ventricular ischemia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Radiopaque markers were inserted around the mitral anulus, on papillary muscle tips, and on the central meridian of both mitral leaflets in three groups of sheep: control (n = 5), Physio ring (n = 5) (Baxter Cardiovascular Div, Santa Ana, Calif), and Duran ring (n = 6) (Medtronic Heart Valve Div, Minneapolis, Minn). After 8 +/- 1 days, animals were studied with biplane videofluoroscopy before and during left ventricular ischemia. Annular area was calculated from 3-dimensional marker coordinates and coaptation defined as minimal distance between leaflet edge markers.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Before ischemia, leaflet coaptation occurred just after end-diastole in all groups (control 17 +/- 41, Duran 33 +/- 30, Physio 33 +/- 24 ms, mean +/- SD, P >.2 by analysis of variance). During ischemia, regurgitation was detected in all control animals, and leaflet coaptation was delayed to 88 +/- 8 ms after end-diastole (P =.02 vs preischemia). This was associated with increased end-diastolic annular area (8.0 +/- 0.9 vs 6.7 +/- 0.6 cm(2), P =.004) and septal-lateral annular diameter (2.9 +/- 0.1 vs 2.5 +/- 0.1 cm, P =.02). Mitral regurgitation did not develop in Duran or Physio sheep, time to coaptation was unchanged (Duran 25 +/- 25 ms, Physio 30 +/- 48 ms [both P >.2 vs preischemia]), and annular area remained fixed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Mitral annular area reduction and fixation with an annuloplasty ring eliminated delayed leaflet coaptation and prevented mitral regurgitation during acute left ventricular ischemia after ring implantation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305-5247, USA.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Timek
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Glasson
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Dagum
authors.forename: G R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Green
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Nistal
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Komeda
authors.forename: G T
authors.initials: GT
authors.lastname: Daughters
authors.forename: A F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Bolger
authors.forename: L E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Foppiano
authors.forename: N B
authors.initials: NB
authors.lastname: Ingels
authors.forename: D C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Miller
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000818:Animals; D019918:Heart Valve Prosthesis Implantation; D006439:Hemodynamics; D008297:Male; D008943:Mitral Valve / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000601:surgery; D008944:Mitral Valve Insufficiency / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D017202:Myocardial Ischemia / Q000150:complications*; D010210:Papillary Muscles / Q000503:physiopathology; D012756:Sheep; D018487:Ventricular Dysfunction, Left / Q000150:complications