title: Antiangiogenic and antitumor activities of cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors.
abstract: We provide evidence that cyclooxygenase (COX)-2-derived prostaglandins contribute to tumor growth by inducing newly formed blood vessels (neoangiogenesis) that sustain tumor cell viability and growth. COX-2 is expressed within human tumor neovasculature as well as in neoplastic cells present in human colon, breast, prostate, and lung cancer biopsy tissue. COX-1 is broadly distributed in normal, as well as in neoplastic, tissues. The contribution of COX-2 to human tumor growth was indicated by the ability of celecoxib, an agent that inhibits the COX-2 enzyme, to suppress growth of lung and colon tumors implanted into recipient mice. Mechanistically, celecoxib demonstrated a potent antiangiogenic activity. In a rat model of angiogenesis, we observe that corneal blood vessel formation is suppressed by celecoxib, but not by a COX-1 inhibitor. These and other data indicate that COX-2 and COX-2-derived prostaglandins may play a major role in development of cancer through numerous biochemical mechanisms, including stimulation of tumor cell growth and neovascularization. The ability of celecoxib to block angiogenesis and suppress tumor growth suggests a novel application of this anti-inflammatory drug in the treatment of human cancer.
authors.affiliation: GD Searle/Monsanto Company, St Louis, Missouri 63167, USA. jaime.l.masferrer@monsanto.com
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Masferrer
authors.forename: K M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Leahy
authors.forename: A T
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Koki
authors.forename: B S
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Zweifel
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Settle
authors.forename: B M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Woerner
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Edwards
authors.forename: A G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Flickinger
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Moore
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Seibert
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016588:Anticarcinogenic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000068579:Celecoxib; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D052246:Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000098:blood supply / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D009374:Neoplasms, Experimental / Q000098:blood supply / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic / Q000188:drug therapy*; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011720:Pyrazoles; D051381:Rats; D013449:Sulfonamides / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D016588:Anticarcinogenic Agents; D052246:Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors; D007527:Isoenzymes; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D011720:Pyrazoles; D013449:Sulfonamides; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; C496540:PTGS2 protein, human; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases; D000068579:Celecoxib