title: [Long-term results of implantation of hydroxylapatite as artificial eye].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Since its first implantation as an eyeball replacement in the United States in 1985, hydroxyapatite has been rarely used as an orbital implant in Germany. The aim of the study was to collect data on long-term tolerance, postoperative complications and the cosmetic end results.
  
  
  METHODS
  In the spring of 1997, 52 patients underwent a follow-up examination at our hospital. The average post-operative follow-up period was 23 (12-41) months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The subjective tolerance was considered good by 3/4 of the patients. In the comparison of position and prominence of the artificial eye, 8 patients achieved complete equalization. As regards defective lid position, 8 patients had a ptosis, 6 an ectropium, and there was one case of entropium. Changes in conjunctiva stretched from muciferous secretion to follicular squamous hyperplasia. There was no case of implant extrusion in the series examined. With reference to the method of implantation, far superior motility was observed in primary implantations. Statistically significant motility differences could not be shown regarding muscle attachment because of the small number of the cases.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In the series examined, hydroxyapatite proved to be a generally well-tolerated orbital implant with few postoperative complications and good motility. Primary implantation with attachment of all six eye muscles gave the best results.
authors.affiliation: St.-Josefs-Hospital, Hagen, Augenklinik der Universität Witten-Herdecke.
authors.forename: A G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Norda
authors.forename: H W
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Meyer-Rüsenberg
mesh_terms: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D001763:Blepharoptosis / Q000209:etiology; D017886:Durapatite; D004483:Ectropion / Q000209:etiology; D004774:Entropion / Q000209:etiology; D015353:Eye Enucleation; D005133:Eye Movements; D005137:Eye, Artificial / Q000009:adverse effects; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009801:Oculomotor Muscles / Q000601:surgery; D020273:Orbital Implants; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D017886:Durapatite