title: Novel technique for the combined recovery, extraction and clean-up of forensic organic and inorganic trace explosives samples.
abstract: This paper describes a simple processing and analysis scheme for explosives trace swab samples which deals both with organic and inorganic materials. Swabs, wetted with ethanol or ethanol/water mixture, were extracted with ethanol/water mixture. The extract was passed directly through a simple column containing an acrylonitrile/styrene copolymer adsorbent. The adsorbent retained common organic explosives, which were recovered with an efficiency of 30-50% as a relatively clean ethyl acetate solution. The concentrated ethyl acetate eluate was analysed using gas chromatography with chemiluminescence or mass spectrometric detection. The unretained inorganic ions and sugars, which were recovered with generally high efficiency as an ethanol/water solution, could be directly analysed using ion chromatography and/or capillary electrophoresis. Minor difficulties encountered in the analysis of sugars, fluoride and phosphate were examined.
authors.affiliation: Forensic Explosives Laboratory, Defence Evaluation and Research Agency, Kent, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Warren
authors.forename: R W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Hiley
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Phillips
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ritchie
mesh_terms: D002849:Chromatography, Gas; D002852:Chromatography, Ion Exchange; D019075:Electrophoresis, Capillary; D005107:Explosions; D005554:Forensic Medicine / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D007287:Inorganic Chemicals / Q000032:analysis*; D009930:Organic Chemicals / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D007287:Inorganic Chemicals; D009930:Organic Chemicals