title: Altered paracrine effect of endothelin in blood vessels of the hyperinsulinemic, insulin resistant obese Zucker rat.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Earlier, we reported that high insulin incubation in vitro leads to increased ETA receptor expression in cultured rat aortic smooth muscle cells (Diabetes 1998, 47: 934-944). Our later observation of enhanced endothelin-1 evoked vasoconstriction in aorta from the hyperinsulinemic obese Zucker rat indicated that this interaction might also be relevant in vivo. To further examine the relationship between insulinemia and endothelin, we characterized endothelin receptor expression and endothelin-1 peptide levels in vascular tissues and plasma from young and old obese Zucker rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  12 and 40-week-old Zucker obese and lean rats were used. Plasma endothelin-1 levels and endothelin-1 peptide content in the mesenteric artery and in the thoracic aorta were examined by radioimmunoassay. Messenger RNA levels of endothelin-1 peptide and ETA and ETB receptors were examined in the aortic and mesenteric vessels using RT-PCR.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Obese rats from both age groups had significantly higher plasma levels of insulin (4-10 fold), total cholesterol (2-3 fold), triglycerides (10-fold), and glucose (approximately 1.5 fold) than their lean counterparts. There was a trend toward worsening lipoproteinemia and glycemia, but improved insulinemia with age in the obese rats. In association with these changes, obese rats exhibited attenuated endothelin-1 peptide and preproET-1 mRNA levels, but conversely elevated ETA and ETB receptor mRNA levels in both aortic and mesenteric vessels.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data suggest that vascular tissue from the metabolically dysregulated obese Zucker rat exhibits attenuated endothelin-1 peptide production and elevated endothelin receptor levels. Since elevated insulin levels have been linked to increased endothelin receptor expression, it is plausible that hyperinsulinemia upregulates endothelin receptors contributing to elevated vasoconstrictor responses to endothelin-1 in this model of obesity and hypertension.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada.
authors.forename: S Q
authors.initials: SQ
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: R L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Hopfner
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: McNeill
authors.forename: T W
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Gopalakrishnan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001013:Aorta, Thoracic / Q000737:chemistry*; D015139:Blotting, Southern; D019332:Endothelin-1 / Q000032:analysis* / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics; D006946:Hyperinsulinism / Q000378:metabolism*; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D008297:Male; D008638:Mesenteric Arteries / Q000737:chemistry*; D009765:Obesity / Q000378:metabolism*; D019899:Paracrine Communication; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D051381:Rats; D011924:Rats, Zucker; D044022:Receptor, Endothelin A; D044023:Receptor, Endothelin B; D017466:Receptors, Endothelin / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
chemical_list: D019332:Endothelin-1; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D044022:Receptor, Endothelin A; D044023:Receptor, Endothelin B; D017466:Receptors, Endothelin