title: Child seating position and restraint use in three states.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Because of risks from deploying airbags to children in front seats, extensive publicity has been aimed at getting them restrained and in rear seats. The objective of this study was to assess restraint use and seating positions among children in vehicles with and without airbags.
  
  
  METHODS
  Surveys were conducted in cities in Michigan, North Carolina, and Texas 1998. Restraint use and seating position were noted for all children, as well as their estimated age, driver belt use, airbag presence, and vehicle license plate number.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fewer children were observed in the front seats of vehicles with passenger airbags (24%) than in vehicles without them (36%). Most of the children seated in front were ages 7-12 (44%-61%), followed by 3-6 year olds (29%-35%). Very few children ages 0-2 were seated in front (5%-12%). The overwhelming majority of children ages 0-2 were restrained. However, children ages 3-6 seated in the front were least likely to be restrained and most likely to be improperly restrained. Restraint use was higher when the driver was belted, but about 30% of 3-6 year olds were unrestrained even with a belted driver.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Efforts should continue to educate parents about the importance of correct restraint use and rear seating for children, particularly once children move from child safety seats into adult belts. Efforts also should be made to enforce the seat belt laws that exist in every state.
authors.affiliation: Insurance Institute for Highway Safety, Arlington, VA 22201-4751, USA. sferguson@iihs.org
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Ferguson
authors.forename: J K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Wells
authors.forename: A F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Williams
mesh_terms: D000056:Accident Prevention; D000063:Accidents, Traffic / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D017677:Age Distribution; D017278:Air Bags / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D001336:Automobiles; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007223:Infant; D015370:Infant Equipment / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008297:Male; D008824:Michigan / Q000453:epidemiology; D009657:North Carolina / Q000453:epidemiology; D011159:Population Surveillance; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012307:Risk Factors; D012622:Seat Belts / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D013781:Texas / Q000453:epidemiology; D014505:Urban Population; D014947:Wounds and Injuries / Q000517:prevention & control