title: N- and C-termini modulate the effects of pH and phosphorylation on hepatic 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase.
abstract: Liver and skeletal muscle isoforms of 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase (6PF2K/Fru-2,6-P(2)ase) isoenzymes are products of alternatively spliced first exons of the same gene, with common kinase and bisphosphatase domains. The muscle-specific exon-1 encodes nine unique amino acids, that lack the cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PK-A) phosphorylation site, and differ in sequence from those encoded by the liver-specific exon-1 (32 amino acids), contributing to its much lower affinity for fructose 6-phosphate (Fru-6-P). PK-A phosphorylation of the liver isoform at Ser(32) reduces the affinity of the kinase for Fru-6-P, and stimulates the bisphosphatase V(max). In the present study, we have defined the locus of interaction of the N-terminal residues with the N-terminal kinase and C-terminal domains by successive N- and C-terminal deletions. This study shows that: (1) residues Gly(5)-Glu(6)-Leu(7) of the liver isoform are responsible for increasing the affinity of 6PF2K for Fru-6-P, maintaining the inhibition of Fru-2,6-P(2)ase activity, and mediating the effects of PK-A phosphorylation on the two activities; (2) the loss of Fru-6-P inhibition of the bisphosphatase and the enhancement of its V(max), rather than the inhibition of the kinase, may be responsible for the behaviour of the muscle isoform primarily as a bisphosphatase; (3) the composition of residues 24-32 of the liver form appears to confer the enhanced kinase catalytic rate of this form over that of the muscle isoform. It is concluded that specific regions of the N-terminus of liver and skeletal muscle 6PF2K/Fru-2,6-P(2)ase have a role in adapting the two activities to work in the physiological range of pH and substrate concentrations found in each particular tissue.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA) School of Medicine, Molecular Biology Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA. ikurland@mednet.ucla.edu
authors.forename: I J
authors.initials: IJ
authors.lastname: Kurland
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Chapman
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: El-Maghrabi
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D020134:Catalytic Domain; D002942:Circular Dichroism; D017868:Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D005636:Fructosephosphates / Q000378:metabolism; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism; D007700:Kinetics; D008099:Liver / Q000201:enzymology*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009097:Multienzyme Complexes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000201:enzymology; D025481:Phosphofructokinase-2; D010744:Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D010766:Phosphorylation; D017853:Phosphotransferases (Alcohol Group Acceptor) / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism; D017384:Sequence Deletion
chemical_list: D005636:Fructosephosphates; D007527:Isoenzymes; D009097:Multienzyme Complexes; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; C027618:fructose-6-phosphate; D017853:Phosphotransferases (Alcohol Group Acceptor); D025481:Phosphofructokinase-2; D017868:Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases; D010744:Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases