title: Angiotensin II-stimulated vascular endothelial growth factor expression in bovine retinal pericytes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Angiotensin II (AII) has been shown to play a role in many vascular diseases. In the study described, the effect of AII on vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression and related intracellular signaling mechanism was investigated in bovine retinal microcapillary pericytes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cultured bovine retinal microvascular endothelial cells and pericytes were prepared. VEGF expression was determined by Northern blot analysis and immunoprecipitation assay. Cell proliferation was assessed by DNA content growth assay. Reporter gene studies were performed to identify the AII responsible transcription-activating region of VEGF gene.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Angiotensin II induced a significant increase in VEGF mRNA in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Angiotensin II type I receptor antagonist inhibited this effect. Angiotensin II activates the transcription of VEGF gene without changing the mRNA half-life, and the AII responsible region was found in the 5'-flanking region of the VEGF gene. Angiotensin II also increased the expression of c-fos and c-jun mRNA, and antisense oligonucleotides against c-Fos blocked the AII-induced VEGF mRNA expression. The conditioned media of AII-stimulated pericyte cultures had a growth-promoting effect on endothelial cells, and this effect was inhibited almost completely by VEGF neutralizing antibody.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings suggest that AII might induce angiogenic activity through a paracrine function of VEGF in retinal microvascular cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Otani
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Takagi
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Oh
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Suzuma
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Matsumura
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ikeda
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Honda
mesh_terms: D000804:Angiotensin II / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D015152:Blotting, Northern; D002417:Cattle; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D016228:Endothelial Growth Factors / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics*; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D016762:Genes, fos / Q000235:genetics; D016758:Genes, jun / Q000235:genetics; D008222:Lymphokines / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics*; D016376:Oligonucleotides, Antisense / Q000494:pharmacology; D020286:Pericytes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D012160:Retina / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D013997:Time Factors; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D042442:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors; D014662:Vasoconstrictor Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D016228:Endothelial Growth Factors; D008222:Lymphokines; D016376:Oligonucleotides, Antisense; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D042442:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors; D014662:Vasoconstrictor Agents; D000804:Angiotensin II