title: Increased sympathetic nervous activity in patients with nontraumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Activation of the sympathetic nervous system, which leads to elevation of circulating catecholamines, is implicated in the genesis of cerebral vasospasm and cardiac aberrations after subarachnoid hemorrhage. To this juncture, sympathetic nervous testing has relied on indirect methods only.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used an isotope dilution technique to estimate the magnitude and time course of sympathoadrenal activation in 18 subarachnoid patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with 2 different control groups, the patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage exhibited an approximately 3-fold increase in total-body norepinephrine spillover into plasma within 48 hours after insult (3.2+/-0.3 and 4.2+/-0.7 versus 10.2+/-1.4 nmol/L; P<0.05 versus both). This sympathetic activation persisted throughout the 7- to 10-day examination period and was normalized at the 6-month follow-up visit.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present study has established that massive sympathetic nervous activation occurs in patients after subarachnoid hemorrhage. This overactivation may relate to the well-known cardiac complications described in subarachnoid hemorrhage.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Institute of Surgical Sciences, Göteborg, Sweden. Peter.Naredi@surgery.umu.se
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Naredi
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lambert
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Edén
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zäll
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Runnerstam
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Rydenhag
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Friberg
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007201:Indicator Dilution Techniques; D007427:Intracranial Pressure; D007700:Kinetics; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009638:Norepinephrine / Q000097:blood; D012016:Reference Values; D013345:Subarachnoid Hemorrhage / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology*; D013564:Sympathetic Nervous System / Q000503:physiopathology*; D013997:Time Factors; D020301:Vasospasm, Intracranial / Q000209:etiology
chemical_list: D009638:Norepinephrine