title: Effect of a deep uterine insemination on spermatozoal accessibility to the ovum in cattle: a competitive insemination study.
abstract: A competitive insemination study was conducted to determine the effect of a deep uterine insemination on accessory sperm number per embryo in cattle. Cryopreserved semen of a fertile bull characterized by spermatozoa with a semi-flattened region of the anterior sperm head (marked bull) was matched with cryopreserved semen from an unmarked bull having spermatozoa with a conventional head shape. Using 0.25-mL French straws and a side delivery embryo transfer device, deep uterine insemination (0.125 mL deposited in each horn) was performed 2 cm from the uterotubal junction. Immediately after, the uterine body was artificially inseminated using semen (0.25 mL) from an alternate bull and a conventional insemination device. The complete dose (both inseminations) was 50x10(6) total sperm cells consisting of an equal number of spermatozoa from each bull. Single ovulating cows (n = 95) were inseminated at random with either the unmarked semen in the uterine body and marked semen in the uterine horn, or the unmarked semen in the uterine horn and marked semen in the uterine body. Sixty-one embryos(ova) were recovered nonsurgically 6 d post insemination, of which 40 were fertilized and contained accessory spermatozoa. The ratio and total number of accessory spermatozoa recovered was different among treatments: 62:38 (326) for the unmarked semen in the uterine body and marked semen in the uterine horn, and 72:28 (454) for the unmarked semen in the uterine horn and marked semen in the uterine body (P<0.05). Deep uterine insemination using this semen in a split dose and a side delivery device favors accessibility of spermatozoa to the ovum compared with conventional uterine body insemination.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dairy Science, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg 24061, USA.
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Dalton
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nadir
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Bame
authors.forename: R G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Saacke
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle / Q000196:embryology / Q000502:physiology*; D015925:Cryopreservation / Q000662:veterinary; D005314:Embryonic and Fetal Development; D004972:Estrus Detection; D005260:Female; D007315:Insemination, Artificial / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary*; D008297:Male; D008857:Microscopy, Interference / Q000662:veterinary; D011897:Random Allocation; D012662:Semen Preservation / Q000662:veterinary; D013077:Sperm Head / Q000502:physiology; D013084:Sperm-Ovum Interactions / Q000502:physiology*; D014599:Uterus / Q000502:physiology*