title: Calcium concentration in hepatocytes during liver ischaemia-reperfusion injury and the effects of diltiazem and citrate on perfused rat liver.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To clarify the role of the calcium concentration in hepatocytes in liver ischaemia-reperfusion injury in relation to the protective effect of calcium-related agents.
  
  
  METHODS
  Serial calcium concentrations of extramitochondrial cytosolic sites (EMCa) and in mitochondria (MCa) in hepatocytes of isolated perfused rat liver were measured by an electron probe X-ray microanalyser, and the effects of calcium-related agents were evaluated.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ischaemia was induced for 2 h, followed by 2 h of reperfusion in group I (without drug), group II (with diltiazem, 9.3 microM) and group III (with citrate, 5 mM).
  
  
  RESULTS
  In group I, EMCa increased rapidly after reperfusion (before ischaemia, 2.0 mmol/kg wet weight; 1 min after reperfusion, 4.4 mmol/kg), and MCa increased (before ischaemia, 2.6 mmol/kg; 1 min after reperfusion, 5.07 mmol/kg). Thereafter the levels decreased, but remained high at 120 min after reperfusion in group I (EMCa, 3.2 mmol/kg, MCa 4.1 mmol/kg). At 1 min after reperfusion, EMCa in group III (2.9 mmol/kg) and MCa in groups II (3.4 mmol/kg) and III (4.0 mmol/kg) were significantly lower than in group I. At 120 min after reperfusion, the EMCa and MCa in groups II (2.5 and 3.1 mmol/kg, respectively) and III (2.4 and 3.0 mmol/kg, respectively) remained at significantly lower levels. Mitochondrial function in groups II and III was better preserved than in group I. The levels of hepatic enzymes in the perfused fluid of group III were lower than in group I.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Calcium concentration in hepatocytes may play an important role in ischaemia-reperfusion injury. Diltiazem and citrate demonstrated a protective effect by maintaining a low calcium level in hepatocytes.
authors.affiliation: First Department of Surgery, Okayama University Medical School, Japan. isozakih@med.okayama-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Isozaki
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fujii
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Nomura
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hara
mesh_terms: D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism*; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002614:Chelating Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D019343:Citric Acid / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004110:Diltiazem / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008099:Liver / Q000098:blood supply / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008930:Mitochondria, Liver / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000517:prevention & control
chemical_list: D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers; D002614:Chelating Agents; D019343:Citric Acid; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; D004110:Diltiazem; D002118:Calcium