Genomics, molecular genetics and the food industry.
The production of foods for an increasingly informed and selective consumer requires the coordinated activities of the various branches of the food chain in order to provide convenient, wholesome, tasty, safe and affordable foods. Also, the size and complexity of the food sector ensures that no single player can control a single process from seed production, through farming and processing to a final product marketed in a retail outlet. Furthermore, the scientific advances in genome research and their exploitation via biotechnology is leading to a technology driven revolution that will have advantages for the consumer and food industry alike. The segment of food processing aids, namely industrial enzymes which have been enhanced by the use of biotechnology, has proven invaluable in the production of enzymes with greater purity and flexibility while ensuring a sustainable and cheap supply. Such enzymes produced in safe GRAS microorganisms are available today and are being used in the production of foods. A second rapidly evolving segment that is already having an impact on our foods may be found in the new genetically modified crops. While the most notorious examples today were developed by the seed companies for the agro-industry directed at the farming sector for cost saving production of the main agronomical products like soya and maize, its benefits are also being seen in the reduced use of herbicides and pesticides which will have long term benefits for the environment. Technology-driven advances for the food processing industry and the consumer are being developed and may be divided into two separate sectors that will be presented in greater detail: 1. The application of genome research and biotechnology to the breeding and development of improved plants. This may be as an aid for the cataloging of industrially important plant varieties, the rapid identification of key quality traits for enhanced classical breeding programs, or the genetic modification of important plants for improved processing properties or health characteristics. 2. The development of advanced microorganisms for food fermentations with improved flavor production, health or technological characteristics. Both yeasts and bacteria have been developed that fulfill these requirements, but are as yet not used in the production of foods.
Pridmore
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RD
Nestec Ltd., Nestlé Research Center, Vers-chez-les-Blanc, 1000, Lausanne, Switzerland. raymond-david.primore@rdls.nestle.com
Crouzillat
D
D
Walker
C
C
Foley
S
S
Zink
R
R
Zwahlen
M C
MC
Brüssow
H
H
Pétiard
V
V
Mollet
B
B
D001435:Bacteriophages / Q000235:genetics; D001709:Biotechnology; D002099:Cacao / Q000235:genetics; D019649:Food Industry; D005516:Food Microbiology; D016678:Genome; D018745:Genome, Plant; D007778:Lactobacillus / Q000235:genetics; D008967:Molecular Biology; D019936:Probiotics; D013291:Streptococcus / Q000821:virology