title: Tardive dyskinesia in older patients.
abstract: Neuroleptic-induced tardive dyskinesia, which often appears in middle-aged and older adults early in the course of treatment with low doses of conventional antipsychotics, is 5 to 6 times more prevalent in elderly than in younger patients. In addition to age, other risk factors for tardive dyskinesia include early extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS), cumulative amounts of neuroleptics, duration of neuroleptic treatment, and history of alcohol abuse and/or dependence. The atypical antipsychotics, which have a low liability for EPS, are likely to also have low potential for tardive dyskinesia, despite the paucity of controlled studies. Starting and maintenance doses of the atypical antipsychotics should generally be lower in older than in younger adults.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, USA. djeste@ucsd.edu
authors.forename: D V
authors.initials: DV
authors.lastname: Jeste
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000188:drug therapy; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001480:Basal Ganglia Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000453:epidemiology; D001569:Benzodiazepines; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D003024:Clozapine / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003987:Dibenzothiazepines / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D004409:Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D000077152:Olanzapine; D010890:Pirenzepine / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011618:Psychotic Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy; D000069348:Quetiapine Fumarate; D012307:Risk Factors; D018967:Risperidone / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents; D003987:Dibenzothiazepines; D001569:Benzodiazepines; D000069348:Quetiapine Fumarate; D010890:Pirenzepine; D003024:Clozapine; D018967:Risperidone; D000077152:Olanzapine