title: Role of peroxynitrite in altered fetal-placental vascular reactivity in diabetes or preeclampsia.
abstract: Oxidative stress may increase production of superoxide and nitric oxide, leading to formation of prooxidant peroxynitrite to cause vascular dysfunction. Having found nitrotyrosine residues, a marker of peroxynitrite action, in placental vessels of preeclamptic and diabetic pregnancies, we determined whether vasoreactivity is altered in these placentas and treatment with peroxynitrite produces vascular dysfunction. The responses of diabetic, preeclamptic, and normal placentas to increasing concentrations of the vasoconstrictors U-46619 (10(-9)-10(-7) M) and ANG II (10(-9)-10(-7) M) and the vasodilators glyceryl trinitrate (10(-9)-10(-7) M) and prostacyclin (PGI(2); 10(-8)-10(-6) M) were compared as were responses to these agents in normal placentas before and after treatment with 3.16 x 10(-4) M peroxynitrite for 30 min. Responses to both vasoconstrictors and vasodilators were significantly attenuated in diabetic and preeclamptic placentas compared with controls. Similarly, responses to U-46619, nitroglycerin, and PGI(2), but not ANG II, were significantly attenuated following peroxynitrite treatment. The presence of nitrotyrosine residues confirmed peroxynitrite interaction with placental vessels. Overall, our data suggest that peroxynitrite formation is capable of attenuating vascular responses in the human placenta.
authors.affiliation: Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267-0526, USA.
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Kossenjans
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Eis
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sahay
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Brockman
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Myatt
mesh_terms: D019796:15-Hydroxy-11 alpha,9 alpha-(epoxymethano)prosta-5,13-dienoic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D000328:Adult; D000804:Angiotensin II / Q000494:pharmacology; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000378:metabolism*; D011464:Epoprostenol / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D005333:Fetus / Q000098:blood supply; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D009131:Muscle, Smooth, Vascular / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D009566:Nitrates / Q000378:metabolism*; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D005996:Nitroglycerin / Q000494:pharmacology; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000502:physiology; D010920:Placenta / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D011225:Pre-Eclampsia / Q000378:metabolism*; D011247:Pregnancy; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D014443:Tyrosine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000032:analysis; D014661:Vasoconstriction / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D014662:Vasoconstrictor Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D014665:Vasodilator Agents / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D009566:Nitrates; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D014662:Vasoconstrictor Agents; D014665:Vasodilator Agents; D000804:Angiotensin II; C039642:peroxynitric acid; D009569:Nitric Oxide; C002744:3-nitrotyrosine; D014443:Tyrosine; D019796:15-Hydroxy-11 alpha,9 alpha-(epoxymethano)prosta-5,13-dienoic Acid; D011464:Epoprostenol; D005996:Nitroglycerin