title: Family approach for estimating reference concentrations/doses for series of related organic chemicals.
abstract: The family approach for related compounds can be used to evaluate hazard and estimate reference concentrations/doses using internal dose metrics for a group (family) of metabolically related compounds. This approach is based upon a simple four-step framework for organizing and evaluating toxicity data: 1) exposure, 2) tissue dosimetry, 3) mode of action, and 4) response. Expansion of the traditional exposure-response analysis has been increasingly incorporated into regulatory guidance for chemical risk assessment. The family approach represents an advancement in the planning and use of toxicity testing that is intended to facilitate the maximal use of toxicity data. The result is a methodology that makes toxicity testing and the development of acceptable exposure limits as efficient and effective as possible. An example is provided using butyl acetate and its metabolites (butanol, butyraldehyde, and butyrate), widely used chemicals produced synthetically by the industrial oxo process. A template pharmacokinetic model has been developed that comprises submodels for each compound linked in series. This preliminary model is being used to coordinately plan toxicity studies, pharmacokinetic studies, and analyses to obtain reference concentrations/doses. Implementation of the family approach using pharmacokinetic modeling to obtain tissue dose metrics is described and its applications are evaluated.
authors.affiliation: K.S. Crump Group, ICF Kaiser, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, USA. habarton@alum.mit.edu
authors.forename: H A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Barton
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Deisinger
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: English
authors.forename: J N
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Gearhart
authors.forename: W D
authors.initials: WD
authors.lastname: Faber
authors.forename: T R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Tyler
authors.forename: M I
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Banton
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Teeguarden
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Andersen
mesh_terms: D000085:Acetates / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000633:toxicity; D000280:Administration, Inhalation; D000818:Animals; D008297:Male; D008954:Models, Biological; D009930:Organic Chemicals / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000633:toxicity*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012015:Reference Standards; D018570:Risk Assessment; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D014018:Tissue Distribution
chemical_list: D000085:Acetates; D009930:Organic Chemicals; C006848:butyl acetate