title: Amniotic gas values and acid-base status during acute maternal hyperoxemia and hypoxemia in the early fetal sheep.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study was undertaken to determine amniotic fluid gas values and acid-base balance during maternal hyperoxemia and hypoxemia in early pregnancy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Anesthetized sheep (n = 12) in early and mid pregnancy (0.3 to 0.5 gestation) were subjected to hyperoxemia followed by hypoxemia. Amniotic fluid PO (2), pH, PCO (2), bicarbonate concentration, and base excess were monitored continuously with a multiparameter Paratrend (Diametrics Medical Inc, St Paul, Minn) sensor and compared between 0.3 and 0.5 gestation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During maternal normoxemia all parameters were constant. At all gestational ages maternal hyperoxemia caused no changes apart from a rapid increase in amniotic fluid PO (2) (P <.001). Maternal hypoxemia led to a reduced amniotic fluid PO (2) (P <.001), whereas the PCO (2) and the bicarbonate concentration increased (P <.001). Changes in amniotic fluid gas values and acid-base balance were more pronounced at 0.3 gestation than at 0.5 gestation. Amniotic fluid Po(2) responded earlier to maternal hyperoxemia than to hypoxemia (9. 5 vs 14.3 minutes; P <.001). During hypoxemia maternal PaCO (2) changed faster than did amniotic fluid PCO (2) (P <.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Acute maternal hypoxemia during early pregnancy was quickly reflected in amniotic fluid gas values and acid-base balance, whereas hyperoxygenation induced the quickest changes in amniotic fluid PO (2). The metabolic effects of maternal hyperoxemia and hypoxemia were also more pronounced during early pregnancy than at mid pregnancy.
authors.affiliation: Academic Departments of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Royal Free and University College London Medical School, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Jauniaux
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kiserud
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Ozturk
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: West
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Hanson
mesh_terms: D000653:Amniotic Fluid / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D001639:Bicarbonates / Q000032:analysis; D015374:Biosensing Techniques; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000032:analysis; D005260:Female; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D000860:Hypoxia / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D010100:Oxygen / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood*; D011247:Pregnancy; D012756:Sheep
chemical_list: D001639:Bicarbonates; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D010100:Oxygen