title: Low energy intracardiac cardioversion of chronic atrial fibrillation by single femoral approach: safety and effectiveness of the procedure.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Low energy intracardiac cardioversion has recently been introduced into clinical practice to treat both acute and chronic atrial fibrillation. It has also been suggested that low energy intracardiac cardioversion has a higher efficacy rate in restoring sinus rhythm than conventional external cardioversion.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective study was started in 41 patients (mean age 64.5 years) with chronic atrial fibrillation (mean duration 6.5 months), in order to obtain more data on low energy intracardiac cardioversion concerning: 1) time required to perform low energy intracardiac cardioversion by single venous femoral approach; 2) acute efficacy; 3) incidence of complications; 4) persistence of sinus rhythm after 1 month.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty patients had right atrium-coronary sinus (Group A) and 20 right atrium-left pulmonary artery (Group B) electrode configuration for defibrillation. In 1 patient the configuration was not available. In all patients (100%) sinus rhythm was acutely restored. No statistically significant differences were found between the two groups concerning mean energy and impedance required to obtain cardioversion. With mild sedation the discomfort induced by the electrical shock was minimal or mild. Only 44% of patients were in sinus rhythm 1 month after low energy intracardiac cardioversion, in spite of adequate pharmacological therapy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Low energy intracardiac cardioversion by single venous femoral approach may be considered a very effective and not time consuming procedure in acutely restoring sinus rhythm, with low complication rate; in addition the procedure was well accepted by all patients.
authors.affiliation: Cardiology S Maria degli Angeli Hospital, ARC, Pordenone, Italy.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zardo
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Antonini-Canterin
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Brieda
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Hrovatin
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Pavan
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Burelli
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Cervesato
authors.forename: G L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Nicolosi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001281:Atrial Fibrillation / Q000628:therapy*; D002908:Chronic Disease; D004554:Electric Countershock / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies