title: Distinct versus redundant properties among members of the INK4 family of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors.
abstract: p16(INK4a), p15(INK4b), p18(INK4c) and p19(INK4d) comprise a family of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors and tumor suppressors. We report that the INK4 proteins share the ability to arrest cells in G1, and interact with CDK4 or CDK6 with similar avidity. In contrast, only p18 and particularly p19 are phosphorylated in vivo, and each of the human INK4 proteins shows unique expression patterns dependent on cell and tissue type, and differentiation stage. Thus, the INK4 proteins harbor redundant as well as non-overlapping properties, suggesting distinct regulatory modes, and diverse roles for the individual INK4 family members in cell cycle control, cellular differentiation, and multistep oncogenesis.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Cancer Biology, Danish Cancer Society, Strandboulevarden 49, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Thullberg
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bartkova
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hansen
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Rönnstrand
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lukas
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Strauss
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bartek
mesh_terms: D001667:Binding, Competitive; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects; D051358:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 4; D051361:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 6; D050762:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p15; D019941:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16; D050763:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p18; D050764:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p19; D018844:Cyclin-Dependent Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D016193:G1 Phase; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / Q000187:drug effects; D019942:Genes, p16 / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D005810:Multigene Family / Q000235:genetics*; D009928:Organ Specificity; D010766:Phosphorylation; D011485:Protein Binding; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D018243:Teratocarcinoma / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D014212:Tretinoin / Q000494:pharmacology; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins
chemical_list: C493966:CDKN2B protein, human; C493971:CDKN2C protein, human; C493974:CDKN2D protein, human; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D050762:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p15; D019941:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16; D050763:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p18; D050764:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p19; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins; D014212:Tretinoin; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; C495900:CDK4 protein, human; C495911:CDK6 protein, human; D051358:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 4; D051361:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 6; D018844:Cyclin-Dependent Kinases