title: Cost-effectiveness of different diagnostic strategies in patients with nonresectable upper gastrointestinal tract malignancies.
abstract: METHODS
  Using a simple model, this retrospective study evaluated the cost-effectiveness of different diagnostic strategies used for pretherapeutic detection of patients with disseminated or locally nonresectable upper gastrointestinal tract malignancies (UGIM). Of 162 consecutive UGIM patients referred for treatment, 73 (45%) had disseminated or locally nonresectable disease, and these patients were eligible for evaluation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The noninvasive diagnostic strategies (computed tomography [CT] with ultrasonography [US] and endoscopic ultrasonography [EUS]) had a low procedure cost, but a diagnostic strategy based on CT with US or CT with US and laparoscopy was not cost-effective. The inclusion of endoscopic or laparoscopic ultrasonography seemed necessary to the provision of a cost-effective strategy because both techniques had a high diagnostic accuracy combined with a low cost. A change in diagnostic strategy from CT with US to CT with US and EUS resulted in a net saving regarding the cost of each additional nonresectable patient detected, but this strategy still required up to 20% futile explorative laparotomies.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The combination of endoscopic and laparoscopic ultrasonography was cost-effective and had no complications in this study. We use this strategy as our standard in the pretherapeutic evaluation of UGIM patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgical Gastroenterology, Odense University Hospital, Denmark.
authors.forename: M B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Mortensen
authors.forename: A P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Ainsworth
authors.forename: L K
authors.initials: LK
authors.lastname: Langkilde
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Scheel-Hincke
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Pless
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hovendal
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D019160:Endosonography / Q000191:economics*; D005260:Female; D005770:Gastrointestinal Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000191:economics* / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000191:economics*; D007813:Laparotomy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010166:Palliative Care; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000191:economics*