title: Tissue plasminogen activator and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 in human choledochal bile.
abstract: Fibrinolytic properties have been detected in animal and human gallbladder (GB) bile. Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) has been reported in greater concentration in GB stone bile and may be a nucleating factor in the pathogenesis of GB stone formation. It is unknown whether or not human choledochal bile has similar properties, which could have a role in choledocholithiasis. The aims of this study were to determine the presence of fibrinolytic properties of human choledochal bile and to compare those properties among normal, acalculous, and calculous-infected choledochal bile. Tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) and PAI-1 of choledochal bile were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay in patients with cholangitis due to acalculous bile duct obstructions (n = 9), choledocholithiasis with cholangitis (n = 20), and normal bile (n = 7). The t-PA concentration of choledochal bile was no different among the three groups (acalculous-infected bile, median 4.61 ng/ml, and calculous-infected bile, 4.61 ng/ml, versus normal bile, 7.33 ng/ml). PAI-1 was detected in choledochal bile in significantly greater concentrations in patients with acalculous cholangitis due to bile duct obstructions and choledocholithiasis with cholangitis (acalculous-infected bile, median 0.36 ng/ml, and calculous-infected bile, 0.1 ng/ml, versus normal bile, 0.02 ng/ml, p < 0.05), but the bile concentration of PAI-1 was no different between the acalculous and calculous-infected choledochal bile. Human choledochal bile possesses t-PA and PAI-1. PAI-1 was present in greater concentrations in both acalculous and calculous-infected choledochal bile. Increased levels of PAI-1 may be an epiphenomenon of cholangitis rather than a factor in the pathogenesis of choledocholithiasis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea. leesj@yumc.yonsei.ac.kr
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.forename: K S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: J B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.forename: S I
authors.initials: SI
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Y M
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Moon
authors.forename: J K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.forename: S W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Kwon
authors.forename: H S
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Chi
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: K S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Song
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001646:Bile / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000382:microbiology; D002761:Cholangitis / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology; D002779:Cholestasis / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism; D003135:Common Bile Duct / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D042882:Gallstones / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 / Q000032:analysis*; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator