title: The formation of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins/dibenzofurans from carbon model mixtures containing ferrous chloride.
abstract: The potential to form polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins/furans (PCDD/F) was investigated in carbon model systems containing ferrous chloride tetrahydrate and a matrix representative of that found in particle emission from the catalytic extraction process (CEP) for wastes. Various types of carbons were used resulting in different PCDD/F yields but, with one exception, similar homologue distributions. Due to the similarity between the turbostratic structure of the carbon in the representative CEP dusts and the carbon blacks used in the model system, experiments were performed using two carbon blacks (termed CBA and CBB). On a mass basis, CBB was more reactive over the temperature range of 275-325 degrees C and reaction times of 20-60 min in the formation of PCDD/F; as well as more adsorptive in terms of the desorption of PCDD/F. On a volume basis, the reactivities and adsorptivities were similar. A maximum in PCDD/F formation occurred at an oxygen concentration of 2% in nitrogen.
authors.affiliation: Howard P. Isermann Department of Chemical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180-3590, USA.
authors.forename: S P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Ryan
authors.forename: E R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Altwicker
mesh_terms: D000327:Adsorption; D001572:Benzofurans / Q000138:chemical synthesis*; D002244:Carbon / Q000737:chemistry*; D000072338:Dibenzofurans, Polychlorinated; D005296:Ferrous Compounds / Q000737:chemistry*; D000072317:Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000138:chemical synthesis; D012037:Refuse Disposal; D013696:Temperature
chemical_list: D001572:Benzofurans; D000072338:Dibenzofurans, Polychlorinated; D005296:Ferrous Compounds; D000072317:Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins; D002244:Carbon; C029451:ferrous chloride