title: [The quality of the treatment of diabetics in kidney failure in Germany].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In recent years there has been a rapid increase in the number of dialysis-dependent diabetics in Germany. Survival on dialysis is not satisfactory and damage acquired in the preterminal stage of renal failure is thought to play an important role. Late referral to a nephrologist and insufficient quality of medical management are thought to contribute importantly to poor outcome. This hypothesis was evaluated in the present study.
  
  
  METHODS
  The data of all 173 diabetic patients (16 with type 1, 157 with type 2 diabetes, 90 men, 83 women, mean age 63.3 [31-95] years), who had been referred in 1996 for the first time to five renal units, were retrospectively assessed using a structured protocol.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients were usually referred in advanced renal failure (median creatinine clearance 29 ml/min, range 1-216) with insufficient control of systolic (170 [120-260] mmHg) and diastolic blood pressure (90 [60-180] mmHg), insufficient antihypertensive therapy (without treatment 32 of 173 patients; median number of classes of antihypertensive agents used 2 [range 1-6]; ACE inhibitors 79 of 173 patients), high HbA1c (7.9 [4.9-15.7]%) and LDL cholesterol (176 [67-307] mg/dl). Immediate dialysis was required in 45 patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The data document insufficient quality of treatment and late incorporation of a nephrologist into the medical team involved in the care of diabetic patients. Changes in the structure of diabetes care are necessary to improve treatment quality.
authors.affiliation: Sektion Nephrologie, Medizinische Universitätsklinik Heidelberg.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Keller
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ritz
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Pommer
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Stein
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Frank
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Schwarzbeck
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000628:therapy; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000628:therapy; D003928:Diabetic Nephropathies / Q000097:blood / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D005858:Germany; D006801:Humans; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000097:blood / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011787:Quality of Health Care / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D017582:Renal Replacement Therapy / Q000592:standards* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012189:Retrospective Studies
chemical_list: D000959:Antihypertensive Agents