title: Natural history of isolated ventricular septal defect in the first five years of life.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Isolated ventricular septal defect (VSD) is the most common congenital heart defect. Incidence, prevalence, and clinical outcomes of VSD have been reported to vary significantly in different geographic areas. Spontaneous closure of VSD, in children, by various methods has been described.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This prospective study was undertaken to evaluate natural history of patients with VSD in the first five years of life in the Northeast Tennessee and Southwest Virginia region.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between December 1, 1998 and October 31, 1990, 124 infants were diagnosed clinically with isolated VSD. VSDs were classified as muscular, perimembranous, malalignment, or subpulmonic types by 2-dimensional echocardiogram with color flow mapping. Cardiac catheterization and angiocardiography were performed in 14 patients when clinically indicated. These patients were followed for at least five years.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall spontaneous closure of VSD was 34% at one year and 67% at five years. Twenty-five percent of perimembranous and 4% of muscular VSDs required surgery by five years. The spontaneous closure rate of muscular VSD was twice that of the perimembranous type, though the relative distribution of both types was almost equal. Overall, 22% of children with VSD need follow-up after the fifth year of life.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The overall clinical outcome of muscular VSD was consistently better than that of the perimembranous type, though 17% of muscular VSDs, irrespective of size, were open at 5 years of age and needed long-term follow-up.
authors.forename: A V
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Mehta
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Goenka
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Chidambaram
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Hamati
mesh_terms: D002675:Child, Preschool; D019468:Disease Management; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006345:Heart Septal Defects, Ventricular / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D015995:Prevalence; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012075:Remission, Spontaneous; D013714:Tennessee / Q000453:epidemiology; D014768:Virginia / Q000453:epidemiology