title: Cervical spondylosis: contrast-enhanced magnetization transfer prepulsed 3D turbo field echo MR imaging.
abstract: Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging of the cervical spine with axial, low flip angle three-dimensional (3D) gradient-echo sequences is limited by long acquisition times and also by increased sensitivity to extrinsic and intrinsic magnetic field inhomogeneity, magnetic susceptibility differences, chemical shifts, and cerebrospinal fluid pulsatility. We attempted to assess the performance of gadolinium-enhanced, magnetization transfer (MT) prepulsed 3D fast gradient-echo sequences in demonstrating spondylotic changes of the cervical spine. Twenty patients with known cervical spine spondylosis were prospectively imaged in the axial plane using two gradient-echo-based MR techniques: 3D fast field echo (FFE) and gadolinium-enhanced, MT prepulsed, segmented turbo field echo (TFE). An average of 58 neural foramina on the 3D FFE images and 47 neural foramina on the contrast-enhanced TFE images were judged to be narrowed. The degree of neural foraminal narrowing was significantly less on the contrast-enhanced TFE images compared with the FFE images (P <0.001). Contrast-enhanced, MT prepulsed, segmented 3D TFE MR imaging has potential for ameliorating some of the limitations encountered in the more widely used gradient-echo techniques.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, USA. emelhem@rad.jhu.edu
authors.forename: E R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Melhem
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Bert
authors.forename: S G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Faddoul
mesh_terms: D002574:Cervical Vertebrae / Q000473:pathology*; D003287:Contrast Media; D017352:Echo-Planar Imaging; D005260:Female; D005583:Fourier Analysis; D019786:Gadolinium DTPA; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009408:Nerve Compression Syndromes / Q000175:diagnosis; D013126:Spinal Nerve Roots / Q000473:pathology; D013128:Spinal Osteophytosis / Q000175:diagnosis*
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D019786:Gadolinium DTPA