title: Expression of the angiogenic factor thymidine phosphorylase in human astrocytic tumors.
abstract: Thymidine phosphorylase (TP) has been implicated as a potent angiogenic factor and a prognostic factor in various human solid tumors. We investigated the expression of TP in a series of human astrocytic tumors using immunohistochemistry, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and reverse transcriptase/polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis. A total of 63 astrocytic tumors [27 glioblastomas (GBM), 19 anaplastic astrocytomas (AA), 17 low-grade astrocytomas (LGA)] and 5 normal brain tissues were immunohistochemically stained with antibodies to TP, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), p53, MIB-1, and factor-VIII-related antigen. They were also evaluated for the degree of apoptosis by a ApopTag kit. Ten tumors (5 GBM, 2 AA, 3 LGA) and 3 normal brain tissues were evaluated for their expression of VEGF and TP by RT-PCR analysis. TP was constantly localized in the cytoplasm of astrocytic tumor cells, less intensely in the cytoplasm of vascular endothelial cells, but not in the normal brain. Some of the TP-positive cells were of macrophage origin, but most positive cells were the tumor cells themselves. Vascular density, MIB-1 positivity, p53 positivity, VEGF expression, and the apoptotic index were significantly higher in the TP-positive tumors than in TP-negative tumors. There was a significant correlation between TP and VEGF mRNA expression. In a limited number of glioblastoma cases, the apoptotic index was significantly higher in TP-positive glioblastomas than in TP-negative glioblastomas. In human astrocytic tumors, TP was expressed in the tumor, macrophage, and endothelial cells. TP was a potent angiogenic factor closely associated with cell proliferation and tumor apoptosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. shingo4@igaku.md.tsukuba.ac.jp
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Takano
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tsuboi
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Matsumura
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tomono
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Mitsui
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nose
mesh_terms: D034961:Antigens, Nuclear; D017209:Apoptosis; D001254:Astrocytoma / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000201:enzymology*; D001324:Autoantigens / Q000032:analysis; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis*; D016228:Endothelial Growth Factors / Q000032:analysis; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D005909:Glioblastoma / Q000098:blood supply / Q000201:enzymology; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen; D008222:Lymphokines / Q000032:analysis; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic / Q000201:enzymology*; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013939:Thymidine Phosphorylase / Q000032:analysis* / Q000235:genetics; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000032:analysis; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D042442:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors; D014841:von Willebrand Factor / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D034961:Antigens, Nuclear; D001324:Autoantigens; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D016228:Endothelial Growth Factors; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen; D008222:Lymphokines; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D042442:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors; D014841:von Willebrand Factor; D013939:Thymidine Phosphorylase