title: Circumcision in various Nigerian and Kenyan hospitals.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To present and evaluate circumcision practices in Nigerian and Kenyan Africans.
  
  
  METHODS
  Continuous prospective study involving:- two hundred and forty-nine consecutive circumcisions performed from 1981 to 1998 and; fifty patients with post circumcision complications referred for further management during the same period.
  
  
  METHODS
  Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Duro-Soleye Hospital and First Foundation Medical Centre in Lagos, Nigeria; and Kenyatta National Hospital, Mater Misericordiae and Nairobi Hospital in Nairobi, Kenya.
  
  
  METHODS
  Males of all ages presenting for circumcision and males of all ages referred with post circumcision complications.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One hundred and fifty-two (61.04%) of circumcisions performed were in adolescents and young adults for cultural initiation into 'manhood'. The remaining seventy-nine (31.73%) neonates were circumcised for religious, parental, cultural and medical reasons. Eighty per cent of the patients referred with circumcision complications were initially circumcised by unqualified traditional "surgeons". One patient (2%) died from septicaemia; two patients (4%) lost their penis from gangrene and five other patients (10%) remained with permanent disability from complete or partial amputation of the penis or glans.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study shows that circumcision is a commonly performed operation but can have serious, life shattering and prolonged complications sometimes resulting in death. It should therefore be performed only in medical institutions under sterile conditions and by suitably trained surgeons for specific medical indications. Ritual circumcision whether mass or single for cultural or religious reasons remains controversial without medical benefit and should be discouraged.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, College of Health Sciences, University of Nairobi, Kenya.
authors.forename: G A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Magoha
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001294:Attitude to Health / Q000208:ethnology; D002944:Circumcision, Male / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000208:ethnology / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D019317:Evidence-Based Medicine; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007630:Kenya; D016488:Medicine, African Traditional; D008875:Middle Aged; D009549:Nigeria; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians' / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012017:Referral and Consultation / Q000706:statistics & numerical data