title: In spontaneously hypertensive rats alterations in aortic wall properties precede development of hypertension.
abstract: In hypertension arterial wall properties do not necessarily depend on increased blood pressure alone. The present study investigates the relationship between the development of hypertension and thoracic aortic wall properties in 1.5-, 3-, and 6-mo-old spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR); Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY) served as controls. During ketamine-xylazine anesthesia, compliance and distensibility were assessed by means of a noninvasive ultrasound technique combined with invasive blood pressure measurements. Morphometric measurements provided in vivo media cross-sectional area and thickness, allowing the calculation of the incremental elastic modulus. Extracellular matrix protein contents were determined as well. Blood pressure was not significantly different in 1.5-mo-old SHR and WKY, but compliance and distensibility were significantly lower in SHR. Incremental elastic modulus was not significantly different between SHR and WKY at this age. Media thickness and media cross-sectional area were significantly larger in SHR than in WKY, but there was no consistent difference in collagen density and content between the strains. Blood pressure was significantly higher in 3- and 6-mo-old SHR than in WKY, and compliance was significantly lower in SHR. The findings in this study show that in SHR, in which hypertension develops over weeks, alterations in functional aortic wall properties precede the development of hypertension. The decrease in compliance and distensibility at a young age most likely results from media hypertrophy rather than a change in intrinsic elastic properties.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: A W
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: van Gorp
authors.forename: D S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Schenau
authors.forename: A P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Hoeks
authors.forename: H A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Boudier
authors.forename: J G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: de Mey
authors.forename: R S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Reneman
mesh_terms: D000316:Adrenergic alpha-Agonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D000367:Age Factors; D000778:Anesthetics, Dissociative / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D001013:Aorta, Thoracic / Q000502:physiology*; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D003094:Collagen / Q000378:metabolism; D003187:Compliance; D003432:Cross-Linking Reagents / Q000378:metabolism; D004549:Elastin / Q000378:metabolism; D016326:Extracellular Matrix Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D006909:Hydroxyproline / Q000378:metabolism; D006973:Hypertension / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D007649:Ketamine / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D011918:Rats, Inbred SHR; D011921:Rats, Inbred WKY; D014661:Vasoconstriction / Q000502:physiology*; D014991:Xylazine / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000316:Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; D000778:Anesthetics, Dissociative; D003432:Cross-Linking Reagents; D016326:Extracellular Matrix Proteins; D014991:Xylazine; D007649:Ketamine; D003094:Collagen; D004549:Elastin; D006909:Hydroxyproline