title: Systematic study of gene expression and transcription organization in the gntZ-ywaA region of the Bacillus subtilis genome.
abstract: Within the framework of the international project 'The functional analysis of the Bacillus subtilis genome' in Japan and Europe, the gene expression and transcription organization of the gntZ-ywaA region (160 kb) of the B. subtilis genome has been systematically analysed. First, all unanalysed genes comprising more than 80 amino acids (125 genes) in this region were inactivated through integration of plasmid pMUTIN. No essential gene was found which could not be inactivated. All the integrants grew normally in both nutrient sporulation medium and glucose minimal medium. But an integrant in the yxbG gene exhibited an oligosporogenic phenotype in the nutrient sporulation medium. The synthesis of beta-galactosidase was examined, as a reporter for expression of the inactivated genes, during growth and sporulation in the two media. The results indicated that 36% of the promoters were inactive when cells were grown in at least one of these two media. Furthermore, the transcription of the 119 genes in this region was analysed by Northern blotting, resulting in a transcription map. The results indicate that the gntZ-ywaA region contains at least 24 polycistronic operons, including several published ones. The operons newly found in this work are yxaAB, yxaGH, yxaJKL, yxbBA-yxnB-asnH-yxaM, yxbCD, yxcED, yxdJK, yxeFGH, yxeKLMNOPQ, yxeR-yxxB, hutPHUIGM, bgIPH-yxiE, wapA-yxxG, yxiM-deaD, katB-yxiS, yxjCDEF, yxjJI and yxkF-mmsX.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Engineering, Fukuyama University, 985 Sanzo, Higashimura-cho, Fukuyama 729-0292, Japan1.
authors.forename: Ken-Ichi
authors.initials: KI
authors.lastname: Yoshida
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Engineering, Fukuyama University, 985 Sanzo, Higashimura-cho, Fukuyama 729-0292, Japan1.
authors.forename: Izumi
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Ishio
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Engineering, Fukuyama University, 985 Sanzo, Higashimura-cho, Fukuyama 729-0292, Japan1.
authors.forename: Eishi
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Nagakawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Engineering, Fukuyama University, 985 Sanzo, Higashimura-cho, Fukuyama 729-0292, Japan1.
authors.forename: Yoshiyuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Engineering, Fukuyama University, 985 Sanzo, Higashimura-cho, Fukuyama 729-0292, Japan1.
authors.forename: Mami
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Engineering, Fukuyama University, 985 Sanzo, Higashimura-cho, Fukuyama 729-0292, Japan1.
authors.forename: Yasutaro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fujita
mesh_terms: D001412:Bacillus subtilis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000254:growth & development; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D015870:Gene Expression; D016680:Genome, Bacterial; D016254:Mutagenesis, Insertional; D010957:Plasmids / Q000235:genetics; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D001616:beta-Galactosidase / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D001616:beta-Galactosidase