title: The analysis of beta-agonists by packed-column supercritical fluid chromatography with ultra-violet and atmospheric pressure chemical ionisation mass spectrometric detection.
abstract: Packed-column supercritical fluid chromatography (pSFC) using ultra-violet (UV) and atmospheric pressure chemical ionisation (APCI) mass spectrometry (MS) provides a versatile method for the identification and quantification of beta-agonists. We have achieved good separation of clenbuterol, salbutamol, terbutaline and fenoterol with good resolution and reasonable retention times using a high concentration of methanol modifier in the supercritical CO2, together with small amounts of both acidic (trifluoroacetic acid, TFAA) and basic (triethylamine, TEA, or diethylamine, DEA) additives. APCI-MS gave unambiguous identification of the 4 analytes, and increasing cone voltage provided informative fragmentation patterns. The pSFC-MS technique was shown to be linear (R2 > or = 0.996) over the concentration range 1-50 micrograms ml-1. Single ion monitoring (SIM) gave detection limits (on-column) of 2.5 ng (clenbuterol), 0.83 ng (terbutaline), 7.6 ng (salbutamol) and 2.7 ng (fenoterol). The pSFC-MS system was shown to be reproducible within a day, between days, and between restrictors. Analysis of milk samples 'spiked' with beta-agonists showed that the matrix caused no interference, with detection limits of approximately 500 micrograms l-1 of beta-agonists. More dilute solutions could be analysed by pre-concentration before the SFC stage.
authors.affiliation: School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, UK.
authors.forename: D C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Dost
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Davidson
authors.forename: M W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: George
mesh_terms: D000318:Adrenergic beta-Agonists / Q000032:analysis*; D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D002845:Chromatography; D004350:Drug Residues / Q000032:analysis*; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis*; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D008892:Milk / Q000737:chemistry*; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays
chemical_list: D000318:Adrenergic beta-Agonists