title: IL-4 regulation of IL-6 production involves Rac/Cdc42- and p38 MAPK-dependent pathways in keratinocytes.
abstract: The stress-activated pathways leading to activation of p38 MAP kinase (p38 MAPK) and c-jun N-terminal kinases (JNK) have been shown to be activated by pro-inflammatory cytokines, physical and chemical stresses as well as a variety of hematopoietic growth factors. One exception is interleukin (IL)-4, which does not activate this pathway in hematopoietic cell. We report here that in A431, a keratinocytic cell line, IL-4 activates Rac and Cdc42 and their downstream effector p21-activated kinase (PAK). Rac and Cdc42 appear to regulate a protein kinase cascade initiated at the level of PAK and leading to activation of p38 MAPK, since IL-4 stimulates tyrosine phosphorylation of p38 MAPK and increases its catalytic activity. As A431 cells are able to produce IL-6 in response to IL-4 stimulation, we assessed the involvement of p38 MAPK in IL-6 gene expression. A pyrimidazole compound, SB203580, a specific inhibitor of p38 MAPK, inhibits production and gene expression of IL-6. SB203580 reduced significantly the stability of IL-6 mRNA. Here we provide evidence that p38 MAPK is activated in response to IL-4 and is involved in IL-6 synthesis by stabilizing IL-6 mRNA.
authors.affiliation: INSERM U461, Faculté de Pharmacie, 5, rue J B Clément, 92296 Chätenay-Malabry, Cedex, France.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wery-Zennaro
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Zugaza
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Letourneur
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bertoglio
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pierre
mesh_terms: D017871:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D048031:JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D015603:Keratinocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D020935:MAP Kinase Signaling System; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D011725:Pyridines / Q000494:pharmacology; D019948:Receptors, Interleukin-4 / Q000378:metabolism; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012045:Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid; D050800:STAT6 Transcription Factor; D015534:Trans-Activators / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D020764:cdc42 GTP-Binding Protein / Q000378:metabolism*; D054462:p21-Activated Kinases; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D020830:rac1 GTP-Binding Protein / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D005419:Flavonoids; D007093:Imidazoles; D015850:Interleukin-6; D016328:NF-kappa B; D011725:Pyridines; D019948:Receptors, Interleukin-4; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D050800:STAT6 Transcription Factor; C494101:STAT6 protein, human; D015534:Trans-Activators; D015847:Interleukin-4; C515907:PAK2 protein, human; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D054462:p21-Activated Kinases; D017871:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases; D048031:JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D020764:cdc42 GTP-Binding Protein; D020830:rac1 GTP-Binding Protein; C093642:SB 203580; C093973:2-(2-amino-3-methoxyphenyl)-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one