title: A novel serotonin transporter ligand: (5-iodo-2-(2-dimethylaminomethylphenoxy)-benzyl alcohol.
abstract: The serotonin transporters (SERT) are the primary binding sites for selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, commonly used antidepressants such as fluoxetine, sertraline, and paroxetine. Imaging of SERT with positron emission tomography and single photon emission computed tomography in humans would provide a useful tool for understanding how alterations of this system are related to depressive illnesses and other psychiatric disorders. In this article the synthesis and characterization of [(125)I]ODAM [(5-iodo-2-(2-dimethylaminomethylphenoxy)-benzyl alcohol, 9)] as an imaging agent in the evaluation of central nervous system SERT are reported. A new reaction scheme was developed for the preparation of compound 9, ODAM, and the corresponding tri-n-butyltin derivative 10. Upon reacting 10 with hydrogen peroxide and sodium[(125)I]iodide, the radiolabeled [(125)95%). In an initial binding study using cortical membrane homogenates of rat brain, ODAM displayed a good binding affinity with a value of K(i) = 2.8 +/- 0.88 nM. Using LLC-PK(1) cells specifically expressing the individual transporter (i.e. dopamine [DAT], norepinephrine [NET], and SERT, respectively), ODAM showed a strong inhibition on SERT (K(i) = 0.12 +/- 0.02 nM). Inhibition constants for the other two transporters were lower (K(i) = 3.9 +/- 0.7 microM and 20.0 +/- 1.9 nM for DAT and NET, respectively). Initial biodistribution study in rats after an intravenous (IV) injection of [(125)I]ODAM showed a rapid brain uptake and washout (2.03, 1.49, 0.79, 0.27, and 0.07% dose/organ at 2, 30, 60, 120, and 240 min, respectively). The hypothalamus region where the serotonin neurons are located exhibited a high specific uptake. Ratios of hypothalamus-cerebellum/cerebellum based on percent dose per gram of these two regions showed values of 0.35, 0. 86, 0.86, 0.63, and 0.34 at 2, 30, 60, 120, and 240 min, post-IV injection, respectively. The specific uptake in hypothalamus can be effectively blocked by pretreatment of known SERT ligands. The results suggest that this novel ligand displays desirable in vitro and in vivo properties as a potential SERT imaging agent.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Radiology and Pharmacology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhuang
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hou
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mu
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kung
authors.forename: P D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Acton
authors.forename: H F
authors.initials: HF
authors.lastname: Kung
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001592:Benzyl Alcohols / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D001667:Binding, Competitive / Q000187:drug effects; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D007202:Indicators and Reagents; D007457:Iodine Radioisotopes; D018374:LLC-PK1 Cells; D008024:Ligands; D008297:Male; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D010647:Phenyl Ethers / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012701:Serotonin / Q000378:metabolism*; D018490:Serotonin Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D050486:Serotonin Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins; D017367:Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D013552:Swine; D014018:Tissue Distribution; D014055:Tomography, Emission-Computed; D015899:Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon
chemical_list: D001592:Benzyl Alcohols; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D007202:Indicators and Reagents; D007457:Iodine Radioisotopes; D008024:Ligands; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D010647:Phenyl Ethers; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D012701:Serotonin; D018490:Serotonin Agents; D050486:Serotonin Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins; D017367:Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors; C403902:5-iodo-2-(2-((dimethylamino)methyl)phenoxy)benzyl alcohol; C493232:Slc6a4 protein, rat