title: In vitro fertilization outcomes after intracytoplasmic sperm injection with fresh or frozen-thawed testicular spermatozoa.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the outcomes of intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) and in vitro fertilization (IVF) with fresh and cryopreserved testicular spermatozoa in patients with obstructive and nonobstructive azoospermia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective analysis of consecutive ICSI cycles.
  
  
  METHODS
  Large urban reproductive medicine program.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-nine patients with obstructive and nonobstructive azoospermia undergoing testicular sperm extraction for a total of 46 IVF-ICSI cycles (12 fresh, 34 frozen).
  
  
  METHODS
  Testicular sperm extraction, cryopreservation, and IVF-ICSI with fresh or frozen-thawed spermatozoa.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fertilization rates, embryo cleavage rates, embryo implantation rates, clinical pregnancy rates per cycle and per embryo transfer, and delivery and spontaneous abortion rates.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No statistically significant differences were noted in any of the parameters examined between IVF-ICSI cycles from fresh or frozen-thawed testicular spermatozoa. Fertilization rates were 56% with fresh vs. 61% with frozen-thawed testicular sperm, cleavage rates 92% vs. 95%, implantation rates 26% vs. 17%, clinical pregnancy rates per cycle 33% vs. 41%, and pregnancy rates per embryo transfer 33% vs. 45%, respectively. Delivery rates were 75% with fresh vs. 69.2% with frozen-thawed testicular sperm, and spontaneous abortion rates 25% and 30.8%, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  No differences were found in IVF-ICSI outcomes between cryopreserved and fresh testicular sperm. In addition, cryopreservation provides several advantages for the patients and reproductive team.
authors.affiliation: University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Habermann
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Seo
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cieslak
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Niederberger
authors.forename: G S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Prins
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ross
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009845:Oligospermia; D011247:Pregnancy; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D020554:Sperm Injections, Intracytoplasmic; D013737:Testis