title: Peripheral natural killer cytotoxicity and CD56(pos)CD16(pos) cells increase during early pregnancy in women with a history of recurrent spontaneous abortion.
abstract: For diagnostic purposes we assessed peripheral natural killer (NK) cell cytotoxicity and NK and T cell numbers to assess their putative predictive value in recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA). A total of 43 women with subsequent pregnancy, 37 healthy controls and 39 women successfully partaking in an in-vitro fertilization (IVF) procedure, were included in the study. We show that before pregnancy, levels of NK cytotoxicity and numbers of both single CD56(pos) and double CD56(pos)CD16(pos) cells were similar between RSA women and controls. But notably, within the RSA group, NK cell numbers of <12% were strongly associated with a subsequent pregnancy carried to term. Supplementation of folic acid led to an increase of single CD56(pos) cells, but cytotoxic function appeared unaffected. The expression pattern of killer inhibitory receptors on CD56(pos) cells was not different between patients and controls. A longitudinal study revealed that, compared with controls, in RSA women higher numbers of double CD56(pos)CD16(pos) cells were present during early pregnancy, paralleled by an increase in cytotoxic NK cell reactivity. The single CD56(pos) population decreased in number. In conclusion, the analysis of peripheral NK cell characteristics appears a suitable diagnostic tool in RSA. Immunomodulation aimed at NK cell function appears a promising therapeutic measure.
authors.affiliation: Blood Transfusion Service, Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics University Hospital Nijmegen, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: P M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Emmer
authors.forename: W L
authors.initials: WL
authors.lastname: Nelen
authors.forename: E A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Steegers
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Hendriks
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Veerhoek
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Joosten
mesh_terms: D000026:Abortion, Habitual / Q000276:immunology*; D019002:CD56 Antigen / Q000378:metabolism*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003602:Cytotoxicity, Immunologic; D005260:Female; D005492:Folic Acid / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D007694:Killer Cells, Natural / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D011247:Pregnancy / Q000276:immunology*; D017452:Receptors, IgG / Q000378:metabolism*; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic / Q000378:metabolism; D054340:Receptors, KIR; D055607:Receptors, Natural Killer Cell; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D019002:CD56 Antigen; D017452:Receptors, IgG; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic; D054340:Receptors, KIR; D055607:Receptors, Natural Killer Cell; D005492:Folic Acid