title: Extraprostatic biopsy improves the staging of localized prostate cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the role and safety of biopsy of the seminal vesicles and neurovascular bundles in determining the pathologic stage of prostatic carcinoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighty-one consecutive patients were enrolled in a comprehensive cryosurgical biopsy protocol that included sextant intraprostatic plus extraprostatic biopsy. The pathologic stage, determined after biopsy, was compared with the clinical stage, determined by digital rectal examination (DRE) and transrectal ultrasonographic (TRUS) evaluation. As well, complication rates for these patients were compared with rates for a separate group that underwent sextant intraprostatic biopsy alone.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 81 patients, 61 (75%) were confirmed to have cancer by biopsy. None of these patients was considered to have extraprostatic extension by clinical evaluation (DRE and TRUS), but 16 of 61 (26%) were identified to have extraprostatic cancer in the seminal vesicles (8 of 61, 13%) or in the neurovascular bundles (8 of 61, 13%) by extraprostatic biopsy. There was no significant difference in the complication rates between sextant intraprostatic biopsy and sextant intraprostatic plus extraprostatic biopsy (p>0.97).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Extraprostatic biopsy identifies extension of carcinoma in a large proportion of patients in whom clinical evaluation by DRE and TRUS indicates organ-confined disease. Extraprostatic biopsy is therefore warranted as routine evaluation before surgery in order to correctly stage prostatic carcinoma and select appropriate therapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Foothills Hospital, Calgary, Alta. salikenj@health-connections.com
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Saliken
authors.forename: R R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Gray
authors.forename: B J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Donnelly
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Owen
authors.forename: L J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: White
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ali-Ridha
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: So
authors.forename: P T
authors.initials: PT
authors.lastname: Ting
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001707:Biopsy, Needle; D003452:Cryosurgery; D019160:Endosonography; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011467:Prostate / Q000473:pathology; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D012669:Seminal Vesicles / Q000473:pathology*