title: Haematological and spermatotoxic effects of ethylene glycol monomethyl ether in copper clad laminate factories.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the effects of ethylene glycol monomethyl ether (EGME) on haematology and reproduction in exposed workers.
  
  
  METHODS
  53 Impregnation workers from two factories that make copper clad laminate with EGME as a solvent were recruited as the exposed group. Another group of 121 lamination workers with indirect exposure to EGME was recruited as the control group. Environmental monitoring of concentrations of EGME in air and biological monitoring of urinary methoxyacetic acid (MAA) concentrations were performed. Venous blood was collected for routine and biochemical analyses. Semen was collected from 14 workers exposed to EGME for sperm analysis and was compared with 13 control workers.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Results of haematological examination showed that the haemoglobin, packed cell volume, and red blood cell count in the male workers exposed to EGME were significantly lower than in the controls. The frequency of anaemia in the exposed group (26.1%) was significantly higher than in the control group (3.2%). However, no differences were found between the female workers exposed and not exposed to EGME. After adjustment for sex, body mass index, and duration of employment, red blood cell count was significantly negatively associated with air concentrations of EGME, and haemoglobin, packed cell volume, and red blood cell count were significantly negatively associated with urinary concentrations of MAA. The pH of semen in the exposed workers was significantly lower than in the control workers, but there were no significant differences in the sperm count or sperm morphology between the exposed and control groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It can be concluded that EGME is a haematological toxin, which leads to anaemia in the exposed workers. However, the data from this study did not support the theory of a spermatotoxic effect of EGME.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, Council of Labor Affairs, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China.
authors.forename: T S
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Shih
authors.forename: A T
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Hsieh
authors.forename: G D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Liao
authors.forename: Y H
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: S H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Liou
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000395:Air Pollutants, Occupational / Q000009:adverse effects*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003300:Copper; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000187:drug effects*; D004987:Ethers / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D005026:Ethylene Glycols / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D005260:Female; D006441:Hemoglobin A / Q000032:analysis / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects*; D012737:Sex Factors; D013094:Spermatozoa / Q000187:drug effects*; D013624:Taiwan
chemical_list: D000395:Air Pollutants, Occupational; D004987:Ethers; D005026:Ethylene Glycols; D003300:Copper; D006441:Hemoglobin A