title: Laparoscopic donor nephrectomy with a 23-hour stay: a new standard for transplantation surgery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the outcomes associated with laparoscopic donor nephrectomy (LDN) performed as a 23-hour day surgery protocol.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Living donor renal transplantation is associated with immediate graft function and prolonged graft survival. The recent application of laparoscopic technology to living renal donation has refocused attention on the advantages of this donor source. LDN is associated with decreased donor pain, length of stay, time out of work, and opportunity costs. The authors hypothesized that LDN would be a viable 23-hour stay procedure.
  
  
  METHODS
  All living donation procedures since May 1998 have been performed with LDN. The 23-hour protocol was initiated in January 1999. LDNs performed from May 1998 to December 1998 and traditional open donor nephrectomy procedures from May 1996 to May 1998 served as historical controls. The following variables were examined: donor sex, related versus nonrelated donation, operative time, blood loss, length of stay, time out of work, recipient and donor serum creatinine levels, hospital charges, and complications.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The 23-hour LDN protocol was associated with high degrees of donor satisfaction. Thirty-six of the 41 donors were discharged within 23 hours; 1 was readmitted. Time out of work was equivalent to that of the control group; graft function was identical among all three comparison groups. Hospital charges were equivalent between the control group and the open nephrectomy group and were significantly decreased in the 23-hour group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Laparoscopic donor nephrectomy can be performed as a 23-hour stay procedure without incurring additional complications or donor dissatisfaction. By further decreasing opportunity costs and disincentives for donation, LDN may increase the number of potential donors appearing for evaluation.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Surgery, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20007, USA. kuop@gunet.georgetown.edu
authors.forename: P C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Kuo
authors.forename: L B
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: J V
authors.initials: JV
authors.lastname: Sitzmann
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000556:Ambulatory Surgical Procedures; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D017722:Hospital Charges / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D016030:Kidney Transplantation; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000379:methods* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D007902:Length of Stay / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D019520:Living Donors / Q000523:psychology; D008297:Male; D009392:Nephrectomy / Q000379:methods*; D013997:Time Factors