title: A DNA binding indolocarbazole disaccharide derivative remains highly cytotoxic without inhibiting topoisomerase I.
abstract: NB-506 is a glucosylated indolocarbazole related to the antibiotic rebeccamycin and is currently under clinical trials as an anticancer drug. This compound is a DNA intercalating agent and a potent topoisomerase I poison. The glucose residue attached to the planar indolocarbazole chromophore plays a significant role in the interaction of the drug with nucleic acids and contributes positively to the stabilization of topoisomerase I-DNA covalent complexes. To investigate further the influence of the carbohydrate moiety, we studied the DNA binding and topoisomerase I inhibition properties of an analogue of NB-506 bearing a disaccharide side chain. Fluorescence and footprinting studies indicate that the replacement of the glucose chain of NB-506 with a maltose residue does not hinder the capacity of the drug to bind to DNA and to recognize GC-rich sequences. The addition of the second sugar residue does not reinforce the interaction with DNA but abolishes the capacity of the drug to inhibit topoisomerase I. Unexpectedly, the disaccharide analogue of NB-506 has totally lost its capacity to stimulate DNA cleavage by topoisomerase I. In addition, like NB-506, the new analogue is not an inhibitor of topoisomerase II. However, despite the absence of topoisomerase poisoning activity, the cytotoxic activity is fully maintained. The maltosyl-indolocarbazole drug proved to be as potent as NB-506 at inhibiting the growth of various human and murine tumour cell lines. The study raises the question as to whether topoisomerase I poisoning is important for the antitumour activity of rebeccamycin analogues.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson 39216, USA.
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Qu
authors.forename: J B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Chaires
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ohkubo
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yoshinari
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nishimura
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bailly
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002227:Carbazoles / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002417:Cattle; D004247:DNA / Q000378:metabolism*; D005960:Glucosides / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D059004:Topoisomerase I Inhibitors; D059005:Topoisomerase II Inhibitors; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D002227:Carbazoles; D005960:Glucosides; C092476:NB 506; D059004:Topoisomerase I Inhibitors; D059005:Topoisomerase II Inhibitors; D004247:DNA