title: Determination of bisphenol A in sewage effluent and sludge by solid-phase and supercritical fluid extraction and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry.
abstract: Methods have been developed for the determination of bisphenol A (BPA) residues in municipal sewage and sludge samples. BPA in wastewater samples was enriched with a C18 solid-phase extraction cartridge, eluted with acetone, and converted to the pentafluoropropionyl derivative. For sludge samples, BPA was acetylated and extracted with supercritical carbon dioxide. In both cases, BPA-d16 was used as a surrogate to monitor extraction efficiency. Final analyses of derivatized sample extracts were performed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry operating in the electron impact mode. For water samples, mean recoveries and standard deviations were 89 +/- 6, 94 +/- 4, and 85 +/- 7% at fortification levels of 1, 0.1, and 0.025 microg/L, respectively, with a method detection limit of 0.006 microg/L. For solid waste samples, mean recoveries and standard deviations were 93 +/- 5 and 92 +/- 6% at fortification levels of 2.5 and 0.25 microg/g, respectively, and the method detection limit was 0.05 microg/g. For the Canadian samples under investigation, concentrations of BPA ranged from 49.9 to 0.031 microg/L in sewage influent and effluent, and from 36.7 to 0.104 microg/g in sludge.
authors.affiliation: Environment Canada, National Water Research Institute, Aquatic Ecosytem Protection Branch, Burlington, ON.
authors.forename: H B
authors.initials: HB
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: T E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Peart
mesh_terms: D000096:Acetone; D000107:Acetylation; D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D004968:Estrogens, Non-Steroidal / Q000032:analysis*; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D007202:Indicators and Reagents; D007220:Industrial Waste; D010636:Phenols / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D011786:Quality Control; D012722:Sewage / Q000032:analysis*; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds
chemical_list: D000096:Acetone; D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D004968:Estrogens, Non-Steroidal; D007202:Indicators and Reagents; D007220:Industrial Waste; D010636:Phenols; D012722:Sewage; C006780:bisphenol A; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds