title: Use of subjective estimation in motor skill tests of young children: judgment based on observation of behavior in daily life.
abstract: This study assessed what motor skill tests were appropriate by observing 636 young children's behavior in daily life (low-aged classes, M = 3.7 yr.; middle-aged classes, M = 4.7 yr.; high-aged classes, M = 5.7 yr.). A homeroom teacher and an assistant teacher estimated motor achievement as pass-or-fail, and then judged pass-or-fail based on practical testing. Estimate-re-estimate agreement, interrater agreement, and agreement between estimated values and measured values were examined for 27 items, e.g., skipping, bouncing a ball, and turning on one leg. Estimate-re-estimate agreement was high on the whole. Interrater agreement ranged from 34% to 100% for 3-yr.-olds, 21% to 100% for 4-yr.-olds, and 89% to 100% for 5-yr.-olds. Agreement between estimated values and measured values greater than 80% was found in most items for 5-yr.olds (14 items). After examining the above-mentioned agreements, 26 items were selected as possible tests to judge motor development, using a pass-or-fail, from the observation of young children's behavior in daily life.
authors.affiliation: Miyagi Gakuin Women's Junior College, Japan. goshi@mgu.ac.jp
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Goshi
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Demura
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kasuga
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Minami
mesh_terms: D000124:Achievement; D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D002648:Child; D002652:Child Behavior / Q000502:physiology*; D002657:Child Development / Q000502:physiology*; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007600:Judgment; D008297:Male; D009048:Motor Skills / Q000502:physiology*; D010809:Physical Fitness; D013647:Task Performance and Analysis; D013663:Teaching