title: The measurement of child characteristics from infancy to toddlerhood: temperament, developmental competence, self-concept, and social competence.
abstract: Maternal report on four characteristics was obtained for 126 infants at 8, 12, 24, and 36 months of age. Temperament was assessed using the Revised Infant and Toddler Temperament Scales; the Infant/Child Monitoring Questionnaires were used to screen developmental competence. The Self-Concept Questionnaire and the Adaptive Social Behavior Inventory were outcome measures at 12, 24, and 36 months. Temperament and developmental competence were found to be relatively stable but unrelated over time. The second year, 12-24 months, was a salient period of development in which the greatest increases in self-concept and social competence were observed. Correlation analyses revealed temperament difficulty was negatively related to social competence yet unrelated to self-concept; developmental competence was more strongly related to the developing self-concept than social competence. The strongest relationships between social competence and self-concept were obtained by earlier social competence in relation to subsequent self-concept.
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland 97201, USA. houckg@ohsu.edu
authors.forename: G M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Houck
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D002652:Child Behavior; D002657:Child Development; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008960:Models, Psychological; D009035:Mothers / Q000523:psychology; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012649:Self Concept; D012919:Social Behavior; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013694:Temperament