title: Relationship between fetal femur diaphysis length and neonatal crown-heel length: the effect of race.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether racial differences affect the relationship between the fetal femur diaphysis length and the neonatal crown-heel length.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective study in a teaching hospital with a multiracial population.
  
  
  METHODS
  Four hundred and fifty pregnant women (150 Malays, 150 Chinese and 150 Indians) who delivered live infants.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ultrasound scan measurement of the fetal femur diaphysis length was carried out within 48 h of delivery in all cases. The relationship between the neonatal crown-heel length and the femur diaphysis length was obtained by regression using the method of least squares. Dummy or indicator variables were used to determine the effect of race on the relationship.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The relationship between the neonatal crown-heel length and the femur diaphysis length in all three races was well described by a linear model but a quadratic model described the relationship better. There was no significant difference in relationship of the neonatal crown-heel length and the femur diaphysis length between the Malay and Chinese populations, but the relationship in the Indian population was significantly different was from both the Chinese and Malay. For a given femur diaphysis length, the crown-heel length of the Indian population was found on average to be 1.1 cm shorter than the crown-heel length of the Malay and Chinese populations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Differences in fetal body proportions exist between some races. The longer femur diaphysis length noted in certain races does not necessarily imply that the corresponding crown-heel length is longer. These inter-racial differences may increase the error of fetal weight and length estimates if formulae, which have been derived from samples racially dissimilar to that of the target population are used.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.forename: A G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Raman
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Shyamala
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000886:Anthropometry / Q000379:methods*; D044466:Asian People / Q000235:genetics*; D015982:Bias; D001724:Birth Weight / Q000235:genetics; D002681:China / Q000208:ethnology; D018568:Crown-Rump Length; D005260:Female; D005269:Femur / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D005333:Fetus / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D006801:Humans; D007194:India / Q000208:ethnology; D016018:Least-Squares Analysis; D016014:Linear Models; D008296:Malaysia / Q000208:ethnology; D008297:Male; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011247:Pregnancy; D011446:Prospective Studies; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D016216:Ultrasonography, Prenatal / Q000379:methods*; D044465:White People / Q000235:genetics*