title: Gonorrhea in male adolescents and young adults in Newark, New Jersey: implications of risk factors and patient preferences for prevention strategies.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although the national rate of gonorrhea declined 68% from 1975 to 1995, rates remain high in many inner-city areas. In 1995, the gonorrhea rate in Newark, NJ, was five times the US rate.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine factors associated with acquisition of gonorrhea by men in Newark.
  
  
  METHODS
  A case-control study conducted at the sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinic in Newark, comparing males 15 to 29 years with culture-confirmed gonorrhea to controls with no STD.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with controls, males with gonorrhea more frequently reported at least 1 casual sex partner within the preceding month (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 3.2; 95% CI, 1.8-5.7), sex after using marijuana during the preceding month (OR, 2.4; 95% CI, 1.1-5.3), and a history of incarceration (OR, 2.1; 95% CI, 1.2-3.7). Of males with casual partners, having a new casual sexual relationship (onset within the past month) was particularly risky for gonorrhea (OR, 3.9; 95% CI, 1.2-12.7). Incorrect condom use was highly prevalent for both cases and controls. Many persons with gonorrhea reported that they were not willing to consistently use condoms or to have only one partner.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Sex with casual partners is associated with gonorrhea in males, and may be a difficult practice to change. Condoms are often used incorrectly, if at all, in this population. Prevention strategies, in addition to the promotion of condom use and monogamy, may be necessary.
authors.affiliation: Division of STD Prevention, National Center for HIV, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA.
authors.forename: K J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Mertz
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Finelli
authors.forename: W C
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Levine
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Mognoni
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Berman
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fishbein
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Garnett
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: St Louis
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D016497:Adolescent Health Services; D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D017280:Condoms / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D018562:Disease Transmission, Infectious / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006069:Gonorrhea / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000635:transmission*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D002189:Marijuana Abuse / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009515:New Jersey / Q000453:epidemiology; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D012307:Risk Factors; D012725:Sexual Behavior; D014504:Urban Health