title: Cytokine production by sinus lavage, bronchial lavage, and blood mononuclear cells in chronic rhinosinusitis with or without atopy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Chronic sinus inflammation may be determined partly by a balance of proinflammatory and counterregulatory cytokines and other mediators in the sinus. However, their mechanistic roles in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) are not well understood.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate production of proinflammatory (interferon gamma [IFN-gamma] and interleukin [IL] 12) and counterregulatory cytokines (IL-10 and IL-4) by sinus lavage (SL), bronchial lavage (BL), and peripheral blood mononuclear (PBMN) cells in patients with CRS.
  
  
  METHODS
  We analyzed SL, BL, and PB samples obtained at surgery from 26 patients with CRS. Cytokine production was determined by culturing cells with or without stimuli. The results were evaluated in comparison with other inflammatory variables (cytologic findings, total protein, IgG, and lactose dehydrogenase), bacterial cultures, and clinical features.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Production of IFN-gamma by SL cells was variable and did not correlate with other inflammatory variables, microbes grown, IL-10/IL-12p40 production by SL cells, or IFN-gamma production by BL or PBMN cells. Production of IL-4 by lavage cells was undetectable. None of 10 patients with elevated IFN-gamma production (>800 pg/10(6) SL cells with mitogen stimuli) had allergic rhinitis, whereas 12 of 16 patients with low IFN-gamma production (<500 pg/10(6) SL cells) had allergic rhinitis with positive reactivity to common aeoroallergens. There was no significant difference in other variables measured between low and high IFN-gamma production groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Elevated IFN-gamma production by SL cells may indicate much less possibility of allergic rhinitis in patients with CRS, but other variables measured did not differ in patients with high or low IFN-gamma production by SL cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis 55455, USA. jyono001@tc.umn.edu
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Jyonouchi
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: F L
authors.initials: FL
authors.lastname: Rimell
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001424:Bacterial Infections / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D001992:Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002908:Chronic Disease; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006969:Hypersensitivity, Immediate / Q000276:immunology; D007223:Infant; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000378:metabolism*; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D012220:Rhinitis / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D012852:Sinusitis / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D007371:Interferon-gamma