title: Intrathecal morphine suppresses NK cell activity following abdominal surgery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The effects of morphine on natural killer (NK) cell activity were investigated in patients who underwent hysterectomy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty patients were divided into four groups of ten. The groups received intrathecal 0.5 mg morphine (Group IT0.5), intrathecal 0.1 mg morphine (Group IT0.1) or 10 mg morphine i.v. (Group IV). The remaining ten patients served as controls and received inhalation anesthesia alone (Group C). Blood samples were withdrawn before and two hours after surgery and on postoperative days one and two to determine the blood NK cell activity using a chromium release assay with K562 cells as targets, plasma catecholamines and cortisol levels. The postoperative pain score and side effects were studied in the four groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In Group IT0.5, the NK cell activity was lower on postoperative day 1 (23.9 +/- 8.4%) than the baseline level (45.7 +/- 13%) before surgery, and recovered on postoperative day 2. In Groups IT0.1, C and IV, the NK cell activities showed no significant changes. In all four groups, neither plasma adrenaline nor noradrenaline concentrations changed. In all four groups, the plasma cortisol levels increased after surgery, on postoperative days 1 and 2. The pain score was lower two hours after surgery and on postoperative day 1 in Group IT0.5 than in the other groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that long-lasting analgesic effects of intrathecal 0.5 mg morphine suppress the immune response following abdominal surgery.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesiology, Kanto Rohsai Hospital, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yokota
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Uehara
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nomoto
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002860:Chromium Radioisotopes; D004837:Epinephrine / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000097:blood; D007044:Hysterectomy; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D007278:Injections, Spinal; D007694:Killer Cells, Natural / Q000187:drug effects*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009020:Morphine / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D009638:Norepinephrine / Q000097:blood; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000187:drug effects; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000188:drug therapy*
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D002860:Chromium Radioisotopes; D009020:Morphine; D006854:Hydrocortisone; D009638:Norepinephrine; D004837:Epinephrine