title: Coreceptor usage and RANTES sensitivity of non-syncytium-inducing HIV-1 isolates obtained from patients with AIDS.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The biologic phenotype of HIV-1 primary isolates obtained from approximately 50% of patients who progress to AIDS switches from non-syncytium-inducing (NSI) to syncytium-inducing (SI). We evaluated possible associations between virus coreceptor usage, sensitivity to inhibition by beta-chemokines, and disease progression of patients who continue to yield NSI isolates after developing AIDS.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sequential virus isolates were analyzed for biologic phenotype using the MT-2 cell assay, for sensitivity to beta-chemokines using RANTES inhibition, and for coreceptor usage using U87.CD4 and GHOST.CD4 cells expressing different chemokine/orphan receptors or donor peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) defective in CCR5 expression. In addition, the env V3 region was sequenced and the length of the V2 region determined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All NSI isolates, regardless of patient status at time of isolation, were dependent on CCR5 expression for cell entry. Furthermore, there was no indication of broadened coreceptor usage of NSI isolates obtained from persons with late-stage AIDS. A majority of NSI isolates remained RANTES sensitive; however, virus variants with reduced sensitivity were observed. The V2 lengths and the V3 sequences exhibited no or minor changes at analysis of sequential NSI isolates.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data suggest that NSI isolates obtained from AIDS patients remain CCR5 dependent (ie, R5) and, in many cases, also remain sensitive to RANTES inhibition. However, virus variants with decreased sensitivity to RANTES inhibition may evolve during disease progression, not only as a result of a switch from NSI to SI but also in patients who develop AIDS while continuing to maintain R5 isolates.
authors.affiliation: Microbiology and Tumorbiology Center, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden. marjan@mbcrr.harvard.edu
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jansson
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Backström
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Björndal
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Holmberg
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rossi
authors.forename: E M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Fenyö
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Popovic
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Albert
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wigzell
mesh_terms: D000163:Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology*; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D018791:CD4 Lymphocyte Count; D018946:Chemokine CCL5 / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019742:Chemokines, CC / Q000494:pharmacology; D015726:Giant Cells / Q000502:physiology; D015699:HIV Envelope Protein gp120 / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000821:virology; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000145:classification / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D019713:Receptors, CCR5 / Q000378:metabolism*; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D018946:Chemokine CCL5; D019742:Chemokines, CC; D015699:HIV Envelope Protein gp120; C059762:HIV envelope protein gp120 (305-321); D010446:Peptide Fragments; D019713:Receptors, CCR5