title: Does the concurrent administration of an inactivated hepatitis A vaccine influence the immune response to other travelers vaccines?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Travelers seeking protection from hepatitis A also often need protection against other infections, prevalent at their destinations.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 396 volunteers received not only a hepatitis A vaccine but also either a vaccine against polio, hepatitis B, diphtheria, tetanus, yellow fever, Japanese encephalitis, typhoid fever or rabies according to their individual needs. We investigated the potential influence of the hepatitis A vaccination on the immune response to the other travelers vaccines that were administered concurrently.
  
  
  RESULTS
  With seroprotection rates of 100% for yellow fever, Japanese encephalitis and rabies immunization and tetanus boosters our data demonstrate that the concurrent administration of hepatitis A vaccine does not compromise the immune response of these vaccines. Also for oral typhoid, hepatitis B and diphtheria vaccination we did not detect a negative influence of concurrent hepatitis A vaccine administration as compared with respective vaccinations when given alone. Prior to vaccination, more than one third of our subjects lacked protective antibody levels against diphtheria and only 44% of initially seronegative travelers seroconverted to an anti-diphtheria titer > or = 0.01 mIU/mL, supporting a need for an additional dose. Furthermore, only two thirds of the vaccinees tested prior to vaccination were protected against polio type 3, and the seroconversion rate following the administration of oral polio vaccine, was lower for viral type 3 (80%), as has been previously demonstrated in settings without concurrent other vaccinations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  No negative effect of concurrent travelers vaccinations on the immune response of a hepatitis A vaccine has been detected in a previous report, and, likewise our data suggest no impairment of the antibody response of these travelers vaccines by the concurrent administration of the hepatitis A vaccine.
authors.affiliation: SmithKline Beecham Biologicals, Rixensart, Belgium.
authors.forename: H L
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Bock
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Kruppenbacher
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Bienzle
authors.forename: N A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: De Clercq
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Hofmann
authors.forename: R L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Clemens
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000917:Antibody Formation; D004168:Diphtheria Toxoid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology; D018349:Encephalitis Viruses, Japanese / Q000276:immunology; D005260:Female; D022362:Hepatitis A Vaccines; D017957:Hepatitis A Virus, Human / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D007115:Immunization Schedule; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011054:Poliovirus Vaccine, Inactivated / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011819:Rabies Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology; D013745:Tetanus Toxoid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology; D014195:Travel; D014612:Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000276:immunology*; D014761:Viral Hepatitis Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology*; D015005:Yellow fever virus / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D004168:Diphtheria Toxoid; D022362:Hepatitis A Vaccines; D011054:Poliovirus Vaccine, Inactivated; D011819:Rabies Vaccines; D013745:Tetanus Toxoid; D014612:Vaccines; D014761:Viral Hepatitis Vaccines