title: The association of calprotectin level in gingival crevicular fluid with gingival index and the activities of collagenase and aspartate aminotransferase in adult periodontitis patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Calprotectin, a major cytosol protein of leukocytes, exists in plasma and other body fluids of healthy human subjects. Since the calprotectin concentration rises markedly in some inflammatory diseases including rheumatoid arthritis, this protein has been thought to be a marker of inflammatory disease. Recently, we identified calprotectin in human dental calculus and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF), and found that the calprotectin concentration in GCF from patients with periodontitis was significantly higher than that in GCF from healthy subjects. In the present study, the association of GCF calprotectin level with GCF volume, gingival index (GI), and levels of biochemical markers including collagenase and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) in GCF was investigated to clarify the relationship between GCF calprotectin level and periodontal inflammation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ninety GCF samples collected from periodontal pockets with a probing depth of more than 4 mm in 54 patients with adult periodontitis were used for these assays. The GCF volume was measured, and GI in each site was recorded. The calprotectin content in GCF samples was determined by ELISA using a specific antibody. The activity of collagenase or AST was measured by a respective assay kit.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The total amount of calprotectin and GCF volume showed a highly significant correlation (r = 0.64, P <0.0001), whereas the calprotectin concentration had no correlation with the GCF volume (r = 0.01, P= 0.924). The mean calprotectin concentration in GCF increased with the degree of GI, and the concentration in individual samples was significantly correlated with the GI score (r = 0.56, P<0.0001). Significant positive correlations were observed in GCF calprotectin versus collagenase (r = 0.57, P <0.0001) and GCF calprotectin versus AST levels (r = 0.40, P <0.005).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  From the present results and our previous findings, it is shown that the GCF calprotectin level significantly correlates not only with clinical indicators but also with current biochemical marker levels and that calprotectin may be a useful marker for periodontal inflammation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, Tokushima University School of Dentistry, Japan.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kido
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kido
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ohishi
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yamauchi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kataoka
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nagata
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000954:Antigens, Surface / Q000032:analysis*; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases / Q000032:analysis*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis; D002135:Calcium-Binding Proteins / Q000032:analysis*; D017364:Collagenases / Q000032:analysis*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D005883:Gingival Crevicular Fluid / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000201:enzymology; D006801:Humans; D039841:Leukocyte L1 Antigen Complex; D008297:Male; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000032:analysis*; D008875:Middle Aged; D019006:Neural Cell Adhesion Molecules / Q000032:analysis*; D010512:Periodontal Index; D010514:Periodontal Pocket / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism; D010518:Periodontitis / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism*; D013223:Statistics as Topic
chemical_list: D000954:Antigens, Surface; D015415:Biomarkers; D002135:Calcium-Binding Proteins; D039841:Leukocyte L1 Antigen Complex; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D019006:Neural Cell Adhesion Molecules; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases; D017364:Collagenases