title: New York State universal newborn hearing screening demonstration project: inpatient outcome measures.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the feasibility of universal newborn hearing screening by examining inpatient outcome measures from 8 hospitals located in geographically diverse areas of New York State over a 3-yr period.
  
  
  METHODS
  Funding was provided by the New York State Department of Health to implement predischarge hearing screening programs in the neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) and well-baby nurseries (WBNs) of eight hospitals. Various screening protocols including transient evoked otoacoustic emissions alone or in combination with conventional auditory brain stem response or screening auditory brain stem response were implemented by each site. Measured outcomes included rate of misses, refusals, and fails. Results were analyzed as a function of year of operation, nursery type, and geographic location.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Six out of eight hospitals successfully implemented universal hearing screening during the first year, and the remaining 2 hospitals implemented programs during the second year of the project. Over a period of 3 yr, 69,761 newborns were screened at the eight hospitals representing 96.9% of all live births. The overall fail rate (4.04%) combined with the miss rate (2.61%) resulted in 6.63% of infants referred for outpatient follow-up. Mean data indicated that inpatient outcome measures improved with year of operation, with most individual hospitals also showing improvements. Both fail and miss rates were higher in the NICU than in the WBN and for hospitals located in New York City than in other regions of the state.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Inpatient outcome measures of a universal newborn hearing screening project, which involved multiple centers across geographically diverse regions of New York State, were acceptable in terms of successfully screening a high percentage of live births and attaining low refer rates for outpatient screening. This study adds to the growing body of literature supporting the feasibility of screening all newborns before hospital discharge.
authors.affiliation: North Shore-Long Island Jewish Health System, New Hyde Park, New York 11042,USA.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Spivak
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Dalzell
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Berg
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bradley
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cacace
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Campbell
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: DeCristofaro
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gravel
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Greenberg
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gross
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Orlando
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pinheiro
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Regan
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Stevens
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Prieve
mesh_terms: D000161:Acoustic Stimulation / Q000379:methods; D003051:Cochlea / Q000503:physiopathology; D016057:Evoked Potentials, Auditory, Brain Stem / Q000502:physiology; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006311:Hearing Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006761:Hospitals; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D015997:Neonatal Screening; D009518:New York / Q000453:epidemiology; D017084:Otoacoustic Emissions, Spontaneous / Q000502:physiology