title: Recovery of upper-extremity strength in complete and incomplete tetraplegia: a multicenter study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine upper-extremity motor recovery of subjects with tetraplegia with both complete and incomplete injuries, to predict which patients and at what time they would recover a motor level.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective, multicenter clinical study of upper-extremity motor recovery in subjects with acute traumatic spinal cord injury.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three regional spinal cord injury centers.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred sixty-seven individuals with acute traumatic tetraplegia (144 males [86%], and 23 females [14%]) between the ages of 15 and 75 years (mean age, 35.5 yrs).
  
  
  METHODS
  Subjects were examined and classified using sequential manual muscle tests performed on admission, 72 hours, 1, 2, and 3 weeks, and 1, 2, 3, 6, 12, 18, and 24 months postinjury. C5 biceps, C6 extensor carpi radialis, C7 triceps, and C8 flexor digitorum profundus were evaluated using a 0-5 scale. Analyses of the right motor levels used a series of logistic regression models, and for multiple measurements on each subject, models were estimated using generalized estimating equations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The analysis for recovery of the biceps for the C4 group showed 70% of complete compared with 90% of incomplete injuries recovered (p < .001); of the extensor carpi radialis in the C5 group, 75% complete and 90% incomplete recovered (p < .002); and of the triceps in the C6 group, 85% of complete and 90% of incomplete injuries recovered (p < .16).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Predicting future potential for upper-extremity motor recovery and for independence in self-care in groups of patients at a specific motor level is possible within the first week of injury.
authors.affiliation: Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Regional Spinal Cord Injury Center of Delaware Valley, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA.
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Ditunno
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Cohen
authors.forename: W W
authors.initials: WW
authors.lastname: Hauck
authors.forename: A B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Jackson
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Sipski
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000502:physiology*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011782:Quadriplegia / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D013119:Spinal Cord Injuries / Q000534:rehabilitation*