title: Evaluation of the clinical utility of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) indices of inflammatory markers in multiple sclerosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Accumulating evidence indicates significant heterogeneity in MS and soluble (s) adhesion molecules are postulated as markers of disease activity. We sought to evaluate intrathecal production of these and other molecules across the clinical spectrum of MS.
  
  
  METHODS
  CSF indices of IgG, sICAM-1, sVCAM-1, sE-selectin and sCD30 were calculated in 17 primary progressive (PPMS) patients, 15 secondary progressive patients (SPMS), 28 relapsing-remitting patients in relapse (RRMSR) and 14 RRMS patients in remission (RRMSNR) using commercially available ELISA kits. Patients had not received any immunomodulating therapy within the previous 6 months. MS patients were compared with 44 patients with non-inflammatory neurological diseases (NINDs).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The most sensitive CSF index at a 90% level of specificity was for IgG which had 93% sensitivity in RRMSR and 92% sensitivity in RRMSNR. Corresponding sensitivity in PPMS and SPMS was 71% and 73% respectively. None of the other indices had sensitivity >50% apart from sVCAM-1 (64% in RRMSR and 52% RRMSNR) and sCD30 (53% in PPMS).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Unsurprisingly the strongest association in MS was with the intrathecal production of IgG. Similar results in PPMS and SPMS may reflect comparable rates of progression in these 2 groups. Of the other molecules only intrathecal sVCAM-1 production is significantly associated with MS and only in relapsing-remitting disease.
authors.affiliation: Regional Immunology Laboratory, Royal Group of Hospitals, Belfast, Northern Ireland.
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: McMillan
authors.forename: G V
authors.initials: GV
authors.lastname: McDonnell
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Douglas
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Hawkins
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D019040:E-Selectin / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid*; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid*; D017730:Ki-1 Antigen / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid*; D008297:Male; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000276:immunology; D012372:ROC Curve; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D019010:Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D019040:E-Selectin; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D017730:Ki-1 Antigen; D019010:Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1