title: Citrate storage affects Thrombelastograph analysis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Thrombelastograph analysis (TEG) is used to evaluate blood coagulation. Ideally, whole blood is immediately processed. If impossible, blood may be citrated and assessed after recalcification. No data describe the effect of such treatment and storage on TEG parameters.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three studies were performed in 90 surgical patients. In 30 patients, blood was citrated (1:10, 0. 129 M) and recalcified (20 microl 2 M CaCl2 to 340 microl citrated blood), and TEG was performed with native blood and after recalcification after 0, 15, and 30 min of citrate storage. In another 30 patients, TEG was performed with citrated blood recalcified immediately and after 1-72 h storage. In a third study, thrombin-antithrombin complex, prothrombin fragment 1+2, and beta-thromboglobulin were measured (using enzyme-linked immunoabsorbant assay tests) at corresponding time points. Data were compared using repeated-measures analysis of variance and post hocpaired t tests.
  
  
  RESULTS
  TEG parameters were different in recalcified citrated blood compared with native blood (P < 0.05) and changed significantly during 30-min (P < 0.025) and 72-h (P < 0.001) citrate storage. TEG parameters measured between 1 and 8 h of citrate storage were stable. Thrombin-antithrombin complex and prothrombin fragment 1+2 values were not elevated in native blood. After 30 min of citrate storage a gradual thrombin activation was observed, as evidenced by increasing thrombin-antithrombin complex and prothrombin fragment 1+2 values (P < 0.05). beta-Thromboglobulin level was increased after 2 and 8 h of citrate storage (P < 0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Analysis of native blood yields the most reliable TEG results. Should immediate TEG processing not be possible, citrated blood may be used if recalcified after 1-8 h.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Anesthesiology, University Hospital, Zürich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Camenzind
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Bombeli
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Seifert
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jamnicki
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Popovic
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Pasch
authors.forename: D R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Spahn
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001777:Blood Coagulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D002118:Calcium / Q000494:pharmacology; D002951:Citrates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004356:Drug Storage; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000187:drug effects; D006495:Heparin, Low-Molecular-Weight / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008875:Middle Aged; D000077559:Sodium Citrate; D013916:Thrombelastography / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D000925:Anticoagulants; D002951:Citrates; D006454:Hemoglobins; D006495:Heparin, Low-Molecular-Weight; D000077559:Sodium Citrate; D002118:Calcium