title: Single-electron reduction of the oxidized state is coupled to proton uptake via the K pathway in Paracoccus denitrificans cytochrome c oxidase.
abstract: The reductive part of the catalytic cycle of cytochrome c oxidase from Paracoccus denitrificans was examined by using time-resolved potential measurements on black lipid membranes. Proteoliposomes were adsorbed to the black lipid membranes and Ru(II)(2, 2'-bipyridyl)(3)(2+) was used as photoreductant to measure flash-induced membrane potential generation. Single-electron reduction of the oxidized wild-type cytochrome c oxidase reveals two phases of membrane potential generation (tau(1) approximately 20 micros and tau(2) approximately 175 micros) at pH 7.4. The fast phase is not sensitive to cyanide and is assigned to electron transfer from Cu(A) to heme a. The slower phase is inhibited completely by cyanide and shows a kinetic deuterium isotope effect by a factor of 2-3. Although two enzyme variants mutated in the so-called D pathway of proton transfer (D124N and E278Q) show the same time constants and relative amplitudes as the wild-type enzyme, in the K pathway variant K354M, tau(2) is increased to 900 micros. This result suggests uptake of a proton through the K pathway during the transition from the oxidized to the one-electron reduced state. After the second laser flash under anaerobic conditions, a third electrogenic phase with a time constant of approximately 1 ms appears. The amplitude of this phase grows with increasing flash number. We explain this growth by injection of a second electron into the single-electron reduced enzyme. On multiple flashes, both D pathway mutants behave differently compared with the wild type and two additional slow phases of tau(3) approximately 2 ms and tau(4) approximately 15 ms are observed. These results suggest that the D pathway is involved in proton transfer coupled to the uptake of the second electron.
authors.affiliation: Max-Planck-Institute of Biophysics, Department of Biophysical Chemistry, Kennedyallee 70, 60596 Frankfurt/Main, Germany.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ruitenberg
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kannt
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bamberg
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ludwig
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Michel
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fendler
mesh_terms: D019943:Amino Acid Substitution; D004563:Electrochemistry / Q000379:methods; D003576:Electron Transport Complex IV / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism*; D004583:Electrons; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007700:Kinetics; D008081:Liposomes; D008564:Membrane Potentials; D016297:Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010231:Paracoccus denitrificans / Q000201:enzymology*; D010777:Photochemistry; D011190:Potassium Cyanide / Q000494:pharmacology; D011522:Protons; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D008081:Liposomes; D011522:Protons; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D003576:Electron Transport Complex IV; D011190:Potassium Cyanide