title: Short- and long-term effects of 186Re-1,1-hydroxyethylidene diphosphonate in the treatment of painful bone metastases.
abstract: This study evaluates the short- and long-term therapeutic efficacy of 186Re-1,1-hydroxyethylidene diphosphonate (HEDP) in the palliation of painful bone metastases and the influence of variables before therapy in determining the characteristics of pain palliation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty patients with painful bone metastases from different tumor types were treated with 1406 MBq 186Re-HEDP. After treatment, the patients were followed up clinically at weekly intervals for the first month and monthly thereafter up to 1 y, until death or pain relapse. Pain response was graded as complete, partial, minimal, or absent using the Wisconsin test scoring system. Duration of pain relief, performance status, tumor markers, serum alkaline phosphatase levels, hematologic toxicity, and metastatic bone progression were also evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall, 80% of individuals experienced prompt relief of pain, with 31% complete, 34% partial, and 15% minimal responses. Transient World Health Organization grade 1-2 hematologic toxicity was apparent, with a decrease in the mean platelet (32%) and mean leukocyte (18%) counts at 3 and 4 wk, respectively. The degree of pain response did not correlate with any pretreatment variable. The duration of pain relief ranged from 3 wk to 12 mo and correlated positively with the degree of response (P = 0.02) and negatively with pretreatment scintigraphic scores and alkaline phosphatase levels (P = 0.02).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  186Re-HEDP is effective for fast palliation of painful bone metastases from various tumors. The effect tends to last longer if patients are treated early in the course of their disease.
authors.affiliation: Nuclear Medicine Department, Regina Elena Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sciuto
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tofani
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Festa
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Giannarelli
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pasqualoni
authors.forename: C L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Maini
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001859:Bone Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000532:radiotherapy* / Q000556:secondary*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000503:physiopathology; D012968:Etidronic Acid / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009942:Organometallic Compounds / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010148:Intractable Pain / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D010166:Palliative Care; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000503:physiopathology; D011868:Radioisotopes / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011877:Radionuclide Imaging; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D009942:Organometallic Compounds; D011868:Radioisotopes; C064573:rhenium-186(tin)etidronate; D012968:Etidronic Acid