title: Heterologous facilitation of G protein-activated K(+) channels by beta-adrenergic stimulation via cAMP-dependent protein kinase.
abstract: To investigate possible effects of adrenergic stimulation on G protein-activated inwardly rectifying K(+) channels (GIRK), acetylcholine (ACh)-evoked K(+) current, I(KACh), was recorded from adult rat atrial cardiomyocytes using the whole cell patch clamp method and a fast perfusion system. The rise time of I(KACh ) was 0. 4 +/- 0.1 s. When isoproterenol (Iso) was applied simultaneously with ACh, an additional slow component (11.4 +/- 3.0 s) appeared, and the amplitude of the elicited I(KACh) was increased by 22.9 +/- 5.4%. Both the slow component of activation and the current increase caused by Iso were abolished by preincubation in 50 microM H89 (N-[2-((p -bromocinnamyl)amino)ethyl]-5-isoquinolinesulfonamide, a potent inhibitor of PKA). This heterologous facilitation of GIRK current by beta-adrenergic stimulation was further studied in Xenopus laevis oocytes coexpressing beta(2)-adrenergic receptors, m(2 )-receptors, and GIRK1/GIRK4 subunits. Both Iso and ACh elicited GIRK currents in these oocytes. Furthermore, Iso facilitated ACh currents in a way, similar to atrial cells. Cytosolic injection of 30-60 pmol cAMP, but not of Rp-cAMPS (a cAMP analogue that is inhibitory to PKA) mimicked the beta(2)-adrenergic effect. The possibility that the potentiation of GIRK currents was a result of the phosphorylation of the beta-adrenergic receptor (beta(2)AR) by PKA was excluded by using a mutant beta(2)AR in which the residues for PKA-mediated modulation were mutated. Overexpression of the alpha subunit of G proteins (Galpha(s)) led to an increase in basal as well as agonist-induced GIRK1/GIRK4 currents (inhibited by H89). At higher levels of expressed Galpha(s), GIRK currents were inhibited, presumably due to sequestration of the beta/gamma subunit dimer of G protein. GIRK1/GIRK5, GIRK1/GIRK2, and homomeric GIRK2 channels were also regulated by cAMP injections. Mutant GIRK1/GIRK4 channels in which the 40 COOH-terminal amino acids (which contain a strong PKA phosphorylation consensus site) were deleted were also modulated by cAMP injections. Hence, the structural determinant responsible is not located within this region. We conclude that, both in atrial myocytes and in Xenopus oocytes, beta-adrenergic stimulation potentiates the ACh-evoked GIRK channels via a pathway that involves PKA-catalyzed phosphorylation downstream from beta(2)AR.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Medical Physics and Biophysics, Graz University, A-8010 Graz, Austria.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Müllner
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Vorobiov
authors.forename: A K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Bera
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Uezono
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Yakubovich
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Frohnwieser-Steinecker
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Dascal
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Schreibmayer
mesh_terms: D000109:Acetylcholine / Q000494:pharmacology; D000318:Adrenergic beta-Agonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D000242:Cyclic AMP / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D017868:Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D051676:G Protein-Coupled Inwardly-Rectifying Potassium Channels; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000502:physiology; D006325:Heart Atria / Q000737:chemistry / Q000166:cytology / Q000201:enzymology; D015640:Ion Channel Gating / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D007545:Isoproterenol / Q000494:pharmacology; D007546:Isoquinolines / Q000494:pharmacology; D008564:Membrane Potentials / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D018485:Muscle Fibers, Skeletal / Q000737:chemistry / Q000201:enzymology; D009206:Myocardium / Q000737:chemistry / Q000166:cytology / Q000201:enzymology; D009865:Oocytes / Q000502:physiology; D010766:Phosphorylation; D015221:Potassium Channels / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D024661:Potassium Channels, Inwardly Rectifying; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D011943:Receptors, Adrenergic, beta / Q000502:physiology*; D013449:Sulfonamides; D013873:Thionucleotides / Q000494:pharmacology; D014665:Vasodilator Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D014982:Xenopus laevis
chemical_list: D000318:Adrenergic beta-Agonists; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D051676:G Protein-Coupled Inwardly-Rectifying Potassium Channels; D007546:Isoquinolines; D015221:Potassium Channels; D024661:Potassium Channels, Inwardly Rectifying; D011943:Receptors, Adrenergic, beta; D013449:Sulfonamides; D013873:Thionucleotides; D014665:Vasodilator Agents; C016957:adenosine-3',5'-cyclic phosphorothioate; D000242:Cyclic AMP; D017868:Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases; D007545:Isoproterenol; C063509:N-(2-(4-bromocinnamylamino)ethyl)-5-isoquinolinesulfonamide; D000109:Acetylcholine