title: Fears associated with pregnancy and childbirth--experiences of women who have recently given birth.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe fears associated with pregnancy and childbirth and to see whether women who have recently given birth feel that their fears were justified.
  
  
  METHODS
  A qualitative study. Data were collected by semi-structured interviews. Data interpretation was based on the method of content analysis.
  
  
  METHODS
  The maternity units of two university hospitals in Finland.
  
  
  METHODS
  A convenience sample of 20 women, 10 primiparae and 10 multiparae. The interviews were held 2 or 3 days after childbirth.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The most common fears associated with pregnancy and childbirth were concerned with the baby's well-being, the course of pregnancy, and childbirth. The fears found expression in different kinds of behaviours, emotions and physical sensations. Many of the participants felt that their fears had not been justified, but some maintained that their fears had been justifiable.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There was much inter-individual variation in the fears associated with pregnancy and childbirth. It is important that diagnosis during pregnancy is undertaken sensitively and that midwifery staff remember that pregnant women may have very serious fears associated with pregnancy and childbirth. The participants in this study felt that fears associated with pregnancy and childbirth also had positive meanings. It may not be essential to try to protect women against these fears or to remove them altogether, but to give every pregnant women the opportunity to deal with her own fears and to obtain the help she needs in her situation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nursing, University of Turku, Finland.
authors.forename: H L
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Melender
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lauri
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001294:Attitude to Health; D005239:Fear; D005260:Female; D005387:Finland; D006801:Humans; D007743:Labor, Obstetric / Q000523:psychology*; D009035:Mothers / Q000523:psychology*; D009721:Nurse Midwives / Q000523:psychology; D009723:Nurse-Patient Relations; D015404:Nursing Methodology Research; D011247:Pregnancy / Q000523:psychology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires