title: Up-regulation of cyclooxygenase-2 in squamous carcinogenesis of the esophagus.
abstract: Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is overexpressed in various types of human malignancies including squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) of the esophagus, but little is known about COX-2 expression in premalignant esophageal squamous dysplasia. To elucidate the role of COX-2 in esophageal carcinogenesis, we examined the expression of this enzyme in normal squamous epithelium (n = 42), squamous dysplasia [high-grade dysplasia (HGD, n = 41; low-grade dysplasia (LGD, n = 33)]; carcinoma in situ (n = 16), mucosal invasive carcinoma (n = 18), and advanced SCC (n = 45). Immunohistochemistry showed a significantly high COX-2 expression in HGD compared with other lesions. The COX-2 score, an index determined by intensity and positivity of COX-2 staining (maximum 3.0), was 0.29 +/- 0.04 in normal esophagus, 1.75 +/- 0.11 in LGD, 2.89 +/- 0.05 in HGD, 2.17 +/-0.18 in CIS, 1.95 +/- 0.22 in mucosal invasive carcinoma, and 1.81 +/- 0.08 in advanced SCC. Results of reverse transcription-PCR assays confirmed those obtained by immunohistochemistry. COX-2 expression correlated with proliferation activity assessed by the proliferating cell nuclear antigen index in dysplastic lesions (P = 0.001) but not in SCCs. COX-2 expression in SCC did not correlate with various clinicopathological parameters including prognosis. Our results indicate that COX-2 is a sensitive marker for HGD and suggest that COX-2 may be involved in early stages of squamous carcinogenesis of the esophagus.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery II, Osaka University Medical School, Suita City, Japan.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shamma
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Doki
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Okami
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kondo
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fujiwara
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yano
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Inoue
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Matsuura
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shiozaki
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Monden
mesh_terms: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D000918:Antibody Specificity; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D002455:Cell Division; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D004848:Epithelium / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D008875:Middle Aged; D018809:Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen / Q000032:analysis; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D015996:Survival Rate; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D007527:Isoenzymes; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D018809:Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; C496540:PTGS2 protein, human; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases