title: Minimization of parathyroid hormone. Novel amino-terminal parathyroid hormone fragments with enhanced potency in activating the type-1 parathyroid hormone receptor.
abstract: The amino-terminal and carboxyl-terminal portions of the 1-34 fragment of parathyroid hormone (PTH) contain the major determinants of receptor activation and receptor binding, respectively. We investigated how the amino-terminal signaling portion of PTH interacts with the receptor by utilizing analogs of the weakly active fragment, rat (r) PTH(1-14)NH(2), and cells transfected with the wild-type human PTH-1 receptor (hP1R-WT) or a truncated PTH-1 receptor which lacked most of the amino-terminal extracellular domain (hP1R-delNt). Of 132 mono-substituted PTH(1-14) analogs, most having substitutions in the (1-9) region were inactive in assays of cAMP formation in LLC-PK1 cells stably expressing hP1R-WT, whereas most having substitutions in the (10-14) region were active. Several substitutions (e.g. Ser(3) --> Ala, Asn(10) --> Ala or Gln, Leu(11) --> Arg, Gly(12) --> Ala, His(14) --> Trp) enhanced activity 2-10-fold. These effects were additive, as [Ala(3),(10,12),Arg(11), Trp(14)] rPTH(1-14)NH(2) was 220-fold more potent than rPTH(1-14)NH(2) (EC(50) = 0.6 +/- 0.1 and 133 +/- 16 micrometer, respectively). Native rPTH(1-11) was inactive, but [Ala(3,10), Arg(11)]rPTH(1-11)NH(2) achieved maximal cAMP stimulation (EC(50) = 17 micrometer). The modified PTH fragments induced cAMP formation with hP1R-delNt in COS-7 cells as potently as they did with hP1R-WT; PTH(1-34) was 6,000-fold weaker with hP1R-delNt than with hP1R-WT. The most potent analog, [Ala(3,10,12),Arg(11), Trp(14)]rPTH(1-14)NH(2), stimulated inositol phosphate production with hP1R-WT. The results show that short NH(2)-terminal peptides of PTH can be optimized for considerable gains in signaling potency through modification of interactions involving the regions of the receptor containing the transmembrane domains and extracellular loops.
authors.affiliation: Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shimizu
authors.forename: J T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Potts
authors.forename: T J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Gardella
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D019556:COS Cells; D015195:Drug Design; D006801:Humans; D008024:Ligands; D010281:Parathyroid Hormone / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D018016:Receptors, Parathyroid Hormone / Q000819:agonists
chemical_list: D008024:Ligands; D010281:Parathyroid Hormone; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D018016:Receptors, Parathyroid Hormone