title: Antigen-presenting cells recruited by Brugia malayi induce Th2 differentiation of naïve CD4(+) T cells.
abstract: A key feature of nematode infection is a bias towards a type 2 immune response. To investigate the role that antigen-presenting cells (APC) may play in promoting this bias, we used adherent peritoneal exudate cells (PEC) recruited in response to the filarial nematode Brugia malayi, to stimulate naïve T cells from pigeon cytochrome c (PCC)-specific TCR transgenic (PCC-tg) mice. Although the proliferation of PCC-tg T cells was inhibited by parasite- induced PEC during primary stimulation, they proliferated normally upon secondary stimulation and were not rendered anergic. However, PCC-tg T cells primed by suppressive APC differentiated into IL-4-producing Th2 cells upon secondary stimulation instead of IFN-gamma-producing Th1 cells, as has been previously described. Studies with carboxyfluorescein diacetate succinimidyl ester (CFSE)-labeled cells indicated that Th2 differentiation was associated with the inhibition of (or failure to stimulate) IFN-gamma production during primary stimulation. Interestingly, blocking antibodies against TGF-beta (but not IL-10) restored the differentiation of IFN-gamma-producing Th1 cells. Identical results with CFSE-labeled cells were obtained using purified IL-4-dependent F4/80(+) macrophages. These data indicate that T cells exposed to parasite-induced alternatively activated macrophages are driven towards Th2 differentiation. This may be an important factor in the Th2 bias that accompanies nematode infection.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Cell, Animal and Population Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, GB.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Loke
authors.forename: A S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: MacDonald
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Allen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000938:Antigen-Presenting Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology*; D017178:Brugia malayi / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology*; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000166:cytology* / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D002455:Cell Division; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D017635:Clonal Anergy / Q000276:immunology; D018920:Coculture Techniques; D010856:Columbidae; D003574:Cytochrome c Group / Q000276:immunology; D005452:Fluoresceins / Q000378:metabolism; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000276:immunology; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000276:immunology; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation / Q000276:immunology; D008262:Macrophage Activation / Q000276:immunology; D017737:Macrophages, Peritoneal / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology; D051379:Mice; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D011948:Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D013388:Succinimides / Q000378:metabolism; D018418:Th2 Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: C087165:5-(6)-carboxyfluorescein diacetate succinimidyl ester; D003574:Cytochrome c Group; D005452:Fluoresceins; D011948:Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell; D013388:Succinimides; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D015847:Interleukin-4; D007371:Interferon-gamma