title: Regulation of megakaryocytopoiesis in an in vitro stroma model: preferential adhesion of megakaryocytic progenitors and subsequent inhibition of maturation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Studies of megakaryocytic progenitor cell interactions have focused on single receptor-ligand interactions using isolated components of the extracellular matrix. To approach a physiologic condition, we studied megakaryocytic development of human progenitor cells cultured on two stromal cell lines and on human bone marrow stroma.
  
  
  METHODS
  Human CD34(+) cells were cocultured with stromal layers in the presence of thrombopoietin. Megakaryocytes were quantified by monoclonal antibodies against glycoprotein (GP) IIb/IIIa (CD41) and GPIX (CD42a). Megakaryocytic clonogenic capacity (burst-forming unit-megakaryocyte and colony-forming unit-megakaryocyte) was determined using fibrin clot assays.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After 6 days, a higher percentage of megakaryocytes and more megakaryocytic colonies were recovered from the adherent cell fraction compared to the nonadherent cell fraction. In contrast, significantly more granulocytic and erythroid colonies were recovered from the nonadherent cell fraction. Repeated replating of nonadherent cells onto fresh stroma showed a decline in megakaryocytic recovery of the remaining adherent cells, pointing toward selective adhesion of megakaryocytic progenitors. This was supported further by the finding that burst-forming unit and colony-forming unit megakaryocytes were preferentially recovered from the adherent cell fraction at 24 hours. No effect of blocking the beta(1) integrins VLA-4 and VLA-5 on human progenitor cells was observed. A higher expression of CD42a antigen and a higher percentage of morphologically recognizable polyploid megakaryocytes were found when cells were grown in noncontact cultures compared to when grown adhered to stroma.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In contrast to granulocytic and erythroid progenitors, both very early and more mature megakaryocytic progenitors are preferentially located in the adherent fraction in an in vitro stromal model, leading to inhibition of maturation of megakaryocytes. This suggests that the presence of stroma components in ex vivo expansion cultures, aimed at preservation and expansion of megakaryocytic progenitors, might be a prerequisite.
authors.affiliation: Department of Hematology, University Hospital Vrije Universteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. s.zweegman@azvu.nl
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zweegman
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Veenhof
authors.forename: P C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Huijgens
authors.forename: G J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Schuurhuis
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Dräger
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D019138:Antibodies, Blocking / Q000494:pharmacology; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000096:biosynthesis; D002448:Cell Adhesion / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology*; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules / Q000378:metabolism; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D018920:Coculture Techniques; D003114:Colony-Forming Units Assay; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000166:cytology; D006410:Hematopoiesis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D006412:Hematopoietic Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D016130:Immunophenotyping; D039041:Integrin alpha4beta1; D016023:Integrins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D008533:Megakaryocytes / Q000166:cytology*; D051379:Mice; D008954:Models, Biological; D017469:Receptors, Fibronectin / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D016201:Receptors, Lymphocyte Homing / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D019089:Stem Cell Factor / Q000494:pharmacology; D017154:Stromal Cells / Q000166:cytology*; D013926:Thrombopoietin / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D019138:Antibodies, Blocking; D015703:Antigens, CD; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules; D039041:Integrin alpha4beta1; D016023:Integrins; D017469:Receptors, Fibronectin; D016201:Receptors, Lymphocyte Homing; D019089:Stem Cell Factor; D013926:Thrombopoietin