title: The lactate-dependent enhancement of hydroxyl radical generation by the Fenton reaction.
abstract: The effect of lactic acid (lactate) on Fenton based hydroxyl radical (*OH) production was studied by spin trapping, ESR, and fluorescence methods using DMPO and coumarin-3-carboxylic acid (3-CCA) as the *OH traps respectively. The *OH adduct formation was inhibited by lactate up to 0.4 mM (lactate/iron stoichiometry = 2) in both experiments, but markedly enhanced with increasing concentrations of lactate above this critical concentration. When the H2O2 dependence was examined, the DMPO-OH signal was increased linearly with H2O2 concentration up to 1 mM and then saturated in the absence of lactate. In the presence of lactate, however, the DMPO-OH signal was increased further with higher H2O2 concentration than 1 mM, and the saturation level was also increased dependent on lactate concentration. Spectroscopic studies revealed that lactate forms a stable colored complex with Fe3+ at lactate/Fe3+ stoichiometry of 2, and the complex formation was strictly related to the DMPO-OH formation. The complex formation did not promote the H2O2 mediated Fe3+ reduction. When the Fe3+ -lactate (1:2) complex was reacted with H2O2, the initial rate of hydroxylated 3-CCA formation was linearly increased with H2O2 concentrations. All the data obtained in the present experiments suggested that the Fe3+-lactate (1:2) complex formed in the Fenton reaction system reacts directly with H2O2 to produce additional *OH in the Fenton reaction by other mechanisms than lactate or lactate/Fe3+ mediated promotion of Fe3+/Fe2+ redox cycling.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiochemistry-Biophysics, Niigata College of Pharmacy, Japan.
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Ali
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Yasui
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Matsugo
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Konishi
mesh_terms: D003374:Coumarins; D003497:Cyclic N-Oxides; D004578:Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy; D005290:Ferric Compounds / Q000737:chemistry; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000494:pharmacology; D017665:Hydroxyl Radical / Q000737:chemistry*; D006900:Hydroxylation; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D013050:Spectrometry, Fluorescence; D013113:Spin Labels
chemical_list: D003374:Coumarins; D003497:Cyclic N-Oxides; D005290:Ferric Compounds; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D013113:Spin Labels; D017665:Hydroxyl Radical; D019344:Lactic Acid; C017245:5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-1-oxide; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; C104227:coumarin-3-carboxylic acid