title: Transient mitral regurgitation following vagal stimulation-induced ventricular arrhythmia in rabbits: a color Doppler echocardiographic study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Cervical vagal stimulation in rabbits frequently causes systolic murmur with bigeminy due to premature ventricular contractions. The bigeminy disappears in a few minutes, but the systolic murmur persists for a few days. Peculiar lesions of the mitral valves, mitral annulus and papillary muscles, and an increase in left atrial weight, frequently develop in a week. In this study, color Doppler echocardiography was used to examine whether the systolic murmur was due to mitral regurgitation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Echocardiographic monitoring was carried out in anesthetized rabbits restrained in the supine position.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Doppler echocardiography and phonocardiography showed systolic murmur at 6 h, three days, and at one, two, three and four weeks after vagal stimulation. At 6 h after stimulation, phonocardiography showed systolic click and late systolic murmur; Doppler echocardiography showed marked mitral regurgitation. The systolic murmur and mitral regurgitation were attenuated and the papillary muscle was swollen three days after vagal stimulation. Following stimulation, mitral regurgitation disappeared within one week, and papillary muscle swelling improved after three weeks.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Doppler echocardiography confirmed that systolic murmur caused by vagal stimulation in rabbits was due to mitral regurgitation.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, The Institute for Adult Diseases Asahi Life Foundation, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ashida
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Okuno
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ebihara
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sugiyama
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fujii
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002304:Cardiac Pacing, Artificial; D018618:Echocardiography, Doppler, Color; D005260:Female; D006337:Heart Murmurs / Q000503:physiopathology; D008944:Mitral Valve Insufficiency / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology; D010210:Papillary Muscles / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology; D011817:Rabbits; D013599:Systole / Q000502:physiology; D017180:Tachycardia, Ventricular / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology; D014630:Vagus Nerve / Q000503:physiopathology*