title: Recombinant human immunodeficiency viruses type 1 circulating in Spain.
abstract: The protease, reverse transcriptase (RT), and envelope (env) genes of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) clinical isolates from 13 immigrants (mainly of African origin) living in Spain were examined. Phylogenetic analyses were performed, taking as reference a panel of 25 HIV-1 sequences representing various subtypes. A discrepant topology was recognized in comparing the protease, RT, and/or env phylogenetic trees in 10 isolates, in which sequences clustering in 2 or 3 different HIV-1 subtypes were found. In eight of these strains, the discrepant region was env with respect to concordant pol genes. Five of nine patients harboring subtype G sequences at the protease and RT genes showed discrepant env sequences, being subtype A (three) or B (two). In addition, one recombinant H/A strain, one recombinant H/B isolate, and a triple recombinant, A/D/C, variant were found. This work represents the first phylogenetic characterization of HIV-1 recombinant clinical isolates in Spain.
authors.affiliation: Service of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Carlos III, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Holguín
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Rodés
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Soriano
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000349:Africa / Q000208:ethnology; D001483:Base Sequence; D010450:Endopeptidases / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D005814:Genes, Viral / Q000235:genetics; D015752:Genes, env / Q000235:genetics; D014644:Genetic Variation / Q000235:genetics; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010802:Phylogeny; D011174:Portugal / Q000208:ethnology; D012194:RNA-Directed DNA Polymerase / Q000235:genetics; D013030:Spain / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D012194:RNA-Directed DNA Polymerase; D010450:Endopeptidases