title: Cancer risk among men with, or at risk of, HIV infection in southern Europe.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the cancer risk in southern European men with, or at risk of, HIV infection.
  
  
  METHODS
  An analysis of longitudinal data to assess time-dependent rare events.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data from a cohort of HIV seroconverters, and from two hospital-based HIV seroprevalent cohorts were combined and analysed. The number of cancer cases observed was compared with the expected number, obtained from cancer incidence rates among men in the general population. Age-standardized incidence ratios (SIR) and their 95% confidence intervals (CI) were computed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 19,609 person-years of observation were accumulated among HIV-positive men, and 7957 person-years among HIV-negative men. Among HIV-positive men, statistically significant increased SIR were seen for Hodgkin's disease (HD) (SIR = 8.7), liver cancer (SIR = 11.0), and cancer of the salivary glands (SIR = 33.6). An excess of lung cancer was seen among intravenous drug users (IDU), but not among homosexual men. When the risk of all non-AIDS-defining cancers was considered, HIV-positive men had a nearly twofold excess (95% CI: 1.2-2.8). A risk of similar magnitude emerged among HIV-negative IDU (95% CI: 1.0-4.5), largely attributable to lung cancer and HD.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings confirm that HIV infection increases the risk of HD, whereas they suggest that the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma may also be enhanced by HIV infection. The observation of an elevated risk of lung cancer in both HIV-positive and HIV-negative IDU points to personal behaviours unrelated to HIV infection.
authors.affiliation: Centro di Riferimento AIDS e Servizio di Epidemiologia delle Malattie Infettive, IRCCS Lazzaro Spallanzani, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Serraino
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Boschini
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Carrieri
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pradier
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dorrucci
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Dal Maso
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ballarini
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pezzotti
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Smacchia
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pesce
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ippolito
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Franceschi
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Rezza
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005602:France / Q000453:epidemiology; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology; D019337:Hematologic Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology; D006689:Hodgkin Disease / Q000453:epidemiology; D018451:Homosexuality, Male; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007558:Italy / Q000453:epidemiology; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology; D012307:Risk Factors; D012468:Salivary Gland Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology; D015819:Substance Abuse, Intravenous