title: Success rates and cost-effectiveness of antibiotic combinations for initial treatment of central-venous-line infections during total parenteral nutrition.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Central-venous-line infections can be successfully treated with appropriate antibiotics, thus avoiding the need for catheter removal. Based on our experience, vancomycin, gentamicin, piperacillin, ceftazidime, and amphotericin, alone or in combination, are usually administered, pending sensitivity results. This empirical list, however, has never been verified against actual sensitivity results nor has it been tested for cost or efficacy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Medical records of inpatients on hyperalimentation over 1 year were reviewed. Success rate, therapy duration, and drug acquisition cost and charge were assessed for central-venous-line infections. Antibiotics then were paired and evaluated in terms of charge and efficacy against all microorganisms as determined by sensitivity results.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In 500 inpatients receiving hyperalimentation for 9,698 patient-days, 8.4 central-venous-line infections/1,000 patient-days occurred. Staphylococcus non-aureus, Candida species, Enterococcus faecium, and Staphylococcus aureus predominantly were isolated. Of the infections, 51 (67%) were sensitive to one or more of the initial antibiotics. A 2-week course of antibiotics successfully treated 50 (66%) catheter infections without line removal. Appropriate initial therapy on average reduced treatment duration by 8 to 10 days and drug charges by $400 to $700.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Amikacin-vancomycin appears to be the most cost-effective selection for presumed central-venous-line infections, pending sensitivity results, followed by valid alternatives. Lower failure rates are well worth the extra cost in pharmaceutical charges.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, University of Bologna, Italy. l.forchielli@post.harvard.edu
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Forchielli
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Gura
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Anessi-Pessina
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Richardson
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Cai
authors.forename: C W
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Lo
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D001419:Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D001424:Bacterial Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000191:economics / Q000209:etiology*; D002405:Catheterization, Central Venous / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination / Q000191:economics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D006760:Hospitalization; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D008499:Medical Records; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D009181:Mycoses / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000191:economics; D010289:Parenteral Nutrition, Total
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents