title: Vascular mechanics of the coronary artery.
abstract: This paper describes our research into the vascular mechanics of the coronary artery and plaque. The three sections describe the determination of arterial mechanical properties using intravascular ultrasound (IVUS), a constitutive relation for the arterial wall, and finite element method (FEM) models of the arterial wall and atheroma.
  
  
  METHODS
  Inflation testing of porcine left anterior descending coronary arteries was conducted. The changes in the vessel geometry were monitored using IVUS, and intracoronary pressure was recorded using a pressure transducer. The creep and quasistatic stress/strain responses were determined. A Standard Linear Solid (SLS) was modified to reproduce the non-linear elastic behavior of the arterial wall. This Standard Non-linear Solid (SNS) was implemented into an axisymetric thick-walled cylinder numerical model. Finite element analysis models were created for five age groups and four levels of stenosis using the Pathobiological Determinants of Atherosclerosis Youth (PDAY) database.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The arteries exhibited non-linear elastic behavior. The total tissue creep strain was epsilon creep = 0.082 +/- 0.018 mm/mm. The numerical model could reproduce both the non-linearity of the porcine data and time dependent behavior of the arterial wall found in the literature with a correlation coefficient of 0.985. Increasing age had a strong positive correlation with the shoulder stress level, (r = 0.95). The 30% stenosis had the highest shoulder stress due to the combination of a fully formed lipid pool and a thin cap.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Studying the solid mechanics of the arterial wall and the atheroma provide important insights into the mechanisms involved in plaque rupture.
authors.affiliation: Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Department of Biomed. Engineering, Ohio, USA. averess@netscape.net
authors.forename: A I
authors.initials: AI
authors.lastname: Veress
authors.forename: D G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Vince
authors.forename: P M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Cornhill
authors.forename: E E
authors.initials: EE
authors.lastname: Herderick
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Klingensmith
authors.forename: B D
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Kuban
authors.forename: N L
authors.initials: NL
authors.lastname: Greenberg
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Thomas
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D003198:Computer Simulation; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003331:Coronary Vessels / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004548:Elasticity; D019160:Endosonography; D020342:Finite Element Analysis; D017711:Nonlinear Dynamics; D013552:Swine