title: Community pharmacist outreach program directed at physicians treating congestive heart failure.
abstract: The predictive value of digoxin and furosemide treatment for identifying patients receiving treatment for congestive heart failure (CHF), the use of angiotensin-converting-enzyme (ACE) inhibitors in this population, and the ability of a pharmacist outreach program to address underutilization of ACE inhibitors were studied. All physicians and owner-managers of community pharmacies on Newfoundland's Avalon Peninsula were asked to participate in the study. Pharmacists who agreed to participate were asked to list patients of the participating physicians with prescriptions for (1) furosemide and digoxin with and without an ACE inhibitor or angiotensin II-receptor inhibitor and (2) an ACE inhibitor. Physicians were visited by a pharmacist and asked whether each of their patients receiving digoxin and furosemide was being treated for CHF and to identify further cases of CHF among their patients receiving an ACE inhibitor. Intervention-group physicians received academic detailing on the use and dosage of ACE inhibitors and angiotensin II-receptor inhibitors for CHF. Both groups were reinterviewed after three months to establish what if any changes in therapy had occurred for each patient discussed during the first visit. The positive predictive value of digoxin and furosemide treatment for identifying patients receiving treatment for CHF was 94%. Seventy-six percent of patients identified by physicians as CHF patients who were taking digoxin and furosemide were treated with an ACE inhibitor. Thirty-six percent of patients treated with an ACE inhibitor for CHF received the targeted dosage. Four physicians stated that the outreach visit influenced their prescribing, but there was no significant difference in ACE inhibitor prescribing between the intervention and control groups. A pharmacist outreach program involving the use of prescription records and academic detailing did not affect prescribing or dosages of ACE inhibitors but demonstrated value as a quality assurance tool.
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver 80262, USA. christopher.turner@uchsc.edu
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Turner
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Parfrey
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ryan
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Brown
mesh_terms: D057911:Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002316:Cardiotonic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003157:Community Pharmacy Services / Q000592:standards*; D003159:Community-Institutional Relations / Q000592:standards*; D004077:Digoxin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004232:Diuretics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011307:Drug Prescriptions / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005665:Furosemide / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000517:prevention & control; D006801:Humans; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D009523:Newfoundland and Labrador; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians'; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011996:Records
chemical_list: D057911:Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; D002316:Cardiotonic Agents; D004232:Diuretics; D004077:Digoxin; D005665:Furosemide