Estrogen receptor-mediated effects of a xenoestrogen, bisphenol A, on preimplantation mouse embryos.
The effects of bisphenol A, a xenoestrogen widely used in industry and dentistry, were studied in early preimplantation mouse embryos. Two-cell mouse embryos were cultured with 100 pM to 100 microM bisphenol A with or without 100 nM tamoxifen and evaluated at 24-h intervals for their development to eight-cell and blastocyst stages. At 72 h, blastocysts were cultured for another 48 h without bisphenol A, and surface areas of trophoblast spread were measured. At 24 h, more embryos exposed to 3 nM bisphenol A than to controls had reached the eight-cell stage. At 48 h, more embryos exposed to 1 nM and 3 nM bisphenol A than to controls had become blastocysts. At 100 microM, bisphenol A decreased frequency of development to blastocysts. Tamoxifen counteracted both stimulatory and inhibitory effects of bisphenol A on blastocyst formation. Although bisphenol A did not alter blastocyst morphology or cell number, early exposure to 100 microM bisphenol A increased subsequent trophoblast areas. These findings suggest that bisphenol A may not only effect early embryonic development via estrogen receptors even at low, environmentally relevant doses, but also exert some late effects on subsequent development of these embryos.
Takai
Y
Y
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan.
Tsutsumi
O
O
Ikezuki
Y
Y
Hiroi
H
H
Osuga
Y
Y
Momoeda
M
M
Yano
T
T
Taketani
Y
Y
D000818:Animals; D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds; D001755:Blastocyst / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D005314:Embryonic and Fetal Development / Q000187:drug effects*; D004968:Estrogens, Non-Steroidal / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008815:Mice, Inbred Strains; D010636:Phenols / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D013629:Tamoxifen / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014327:Trophoblasts / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds
D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds; D004968:Estrogens, Non-Steroidal; D010636:Phenols; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen; D013629:Tamoxifen; C006780:bisphenol A; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds