title: Pharmacokinetic interaction between proton pump inhibitors and roxithromycin in volunteers.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Triple therapy including two antibiotics and a proton pump inhibitor is a rational approach to the treatment of Helicobacter pylori induced peptic ulcer disease. The interaction of antimicrobial therapy and acid suppression is not yet well elucidated.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the effects of proton pump inhibitors on roxithromycin levels in plasma and gastric tissue under steady-state conditions in volunteers.
  
  
  METHODS
  In two crossover studies omeprazole 20 mg b.d., lansoprazole 30 mg b.d., roxithromycin 300 mg b.d., and the combination of roxithromycin with either omeprazole or lansoprazole were administered to 12 healthy volunteers over 6 days. Blood plasma levels of the drugs were measured. In addition, roxithromycin concentrations were also determined in gastric juice and gastric tissue obtained during endoscopy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The proton pump inhibitors and roxithromycin did not alter the blood plasma pharmacokinetics of each other. When compared to roxithromycin administered alone, its combination with a proton pump inhibitor significantly increased the roxithromycin concentrations in gastric juice (3.0-5.0 microg/mL vs. 0.3-0.4 microg/mL) and gastric tissue (antrum: 3.8-4.0 vs. 2.8 microg/g, fundus: 5.9-7.4 vs. 4.2-4.4 microg/g).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Proton pump inhibitors and roxithromycin do not alter the systemic bioavailability of each other. However, proton pump inhibitors increase the local concentration of roxithromycin in the stomach which may contribute to the clinically proven synergic beneficial action in eradication therapy of H. pylori.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Regensburg, Germany.frieder.kees@chemie.uni-regensburg.de
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Kees
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Holstege
authors.forename: K P
authors.initials: KP
authors.lastname: Ittner
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zimmermann
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lock
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Schölmerich
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Grobecker
mesh_terms: D053799:2-Pyridinylmethylsulfinylbenzimidazoles; D000328:Adult; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D001682:Biological Availability; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004347:Drug Interactions; D004355:Drug Stability; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005753:Gastric Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D064747:Lansoprazole; D009853:Omeprazole / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D054328:Proton Pump Inhibitors; D015575:Roxithromycin / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*
chemical_list: D053799:2-Pyridinylmethylsulfinylbenzimidazoles; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D054328:Proton Pump Inhibitors; D064747:Lansoprazole; D015575:Roxithromycin; D009853:Omeprazole