title: [Improved function of the hand in persons with tetraplegia using electric stimulation via implanted electrodes].
abstract: Functional Electrical Stimulation (FES) is a controlled use of electrical stimulation of muscle contractions to obtain function. FES is utilised today in the treatment of spinal cord injured individuals for diaphragmatic pacing, bladder and bowel management, ejaculation, walking and hand function, as well as conditioning. We present The Freehand System, which consists of implanted electrodes to arm and hand muscles. This system has now been implanted in the first two Nordic tetraplegics. Candidates are tetraplegics with C5-6 lesions. After implantation it may take 6-8 months before the tetraplegic person can expect to use The Freehand System completely in daily life. The tetraplegic individual can choose between two grasps. The Freehand System can for some few very physically disabled tetraplegics be a good aid to increase their level of activities of daily living and independence. Continued development in the coming years may broaden the indications with benefit for more individuals.
authors.affiliation: H:S Rigshospitalet, Neurocentret, klinik for para- og tetraplegi. finbs@rh.dk
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Biering-Sørensen
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Gregersen
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Hagen
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Haugland
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Keith
authors.forename: C F
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Larsen
authors.forename: B P
authors.initials: BP
authors.lastname: Leicht
authors.forename: F H
authors.initials: FH
authors.lastname: Nielsen
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Rabischong
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sinkjaer
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D004599:Electric Stimulation Therapy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D004567:Electrodes, Implanted; D018737:Hand Strength; D006801:Humans; D009119:Muscle Contraction; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000503:physiopathology*; D011782:Quadriplegia / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000534:rehabilitation*