title: Systemic lupus erythematosus in three ethnic groups. VI: Factors associated with fatigue within 5 years of criteria diagnosis. LUMINA Study Group. LUpus in MInority populations: NAture vs Nurture.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the frequency, degree and associated features of fatigue among Hispanic (H), African American (AA) and Caucasian (C) patients with recent onset (< or = 5 yr) systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) at their baseline evaluation.
  
  
  METHODS
  H (n = 69), AA (n = 83) and C (n = 71) patients from the LUMINA (LUpus in MInority populations: NAture vs Nurture) cohort were studied. Fatigue [Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS)] was defined as present if FSS score > or = 3.0. Variables from functional, clinical, sociodemographic, health behaviors, behavioral and psychological and immunogenetics domains were ascertained at study entry. Associations were examined using regression models.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eighty-six percent (85.7%) of patients reported having fatigue (82.6% H; 85.5% AA; 88.7% C); median FSS score, 5.3. Factors from the psychological and clinical domains were primarily associated with FSS; immunogenetic (HLA Class II phenotypes) features were not. Increased fatigue was strongly associated with decreasing function, both physical and mental. Variables associated with significantly greater degree of fatigue at baseline in the multivariable stepwise model in order of decreasing additional partial R2 explained included: abnormal illness-related behaviors, older age, higher self-reported pain, greater degree of helplessness, greater disease activity, Caucasian race, and lacking health insurance (model R2 = 37%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Fatigue is one of the most prevalent clinical manifestations of SLE across all ethnic groups. The perception of fatigue severity in SLE may be multifactorial in origin, including psychosocial factors and disease activity. If these prove causal, knowledge of their contribution may suggest therapeutic and/or behavioral interventions, which could ameliorate this pervasive and often incapacitating symptom of SLE.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, USA.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zonana-Nacach
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Roseman
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: McGwin
authors.forename: A W
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Friedman
authors.forename: B A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Baethge
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Reveille
authors.forename: G S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Alarcón
mesh_terms: D001741:Black or African American; D044383:Black People; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003710:Demography; D005006:Ethnicity; D005221:Fatigue; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006630:Hispanic or Latino; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008180:Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic / Q000145:classification / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology*; D010146:Pain; D012944:Social Support; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D013997:Time Factors; D014481:United States; D044465:White People