title: The role of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography in infants with cholestasis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) was assessed in the diagnosis of cholestatic liver disease in infants.
  
  
  METHODS
  ERCP was performed in 50 infants who had prolonged cholestasis. Their ages ranged from 25 to 274 days (mean, 69 days), and their weight ranged from 2.6 to 6.7 kg (mean, 4.7 kg). Incomplete visualization of the biliary tree or visualization of only the pancreatic duct was followed by exploratory laparotomy. In those in whom the biliary tree was visualized completely, the caliber of the bile duct was compared with that of the pancreatic duct.
  
  
  RESULTS
  ERCP was completed in 43 patients (success rate, 86%) without complications. In the 7 patients in whom ERCP failed, 6 had biliary atresia (BA) diagnosed by exploratory laparotomy. The other patient had congenital biliary dilatation (CBD). In 29 of the 43 patients, the biliary tree was seen partially or only the pancreatic duct was visualized. These patients had BA diagnosed by laparotomy. Complete visualization of the biliary tree was obtained in 14 patients. Of these, 9 had neonatal hepatitis (NH), 2 had a paucity of intrahepatic bile ducts (PIBLD), and 3 had CBD. In all of the patients with NH, cholestasis improved spontaneously. The 2 patients with PIBLD had biopsy-proven disease. The caliber of the bile duct was larger than that of the pancreatic duct in NH. This relationship was not observed in PIBLD.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  ERCP is safe in infants. It is useful in the diagnosis of prolonged cholestasis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Surgery, Niigata University School of Medicine, Niigata City, Japan.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Iinuma
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Narisawa
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Iwafuchi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Uchiyama
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Naito
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yagi
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kanada
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Otaki
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yamazaki
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Honma
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Motoyama
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Baba
mesh_terms: D002760:Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde; D002779:Cholestasis / Q000175:diagnosis*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D010183:Pancreatic Ducts / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging