title: Is an atherogenic lipoprotein profile in the fetus a prerequisite for placental vascular disease?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To measure the blood apolipoprotein A-1 and apolipoprotein B in the fetal circulation in normal pregnancy and in pregnancy with evidence of vascular disease in the fetal umbilical placental circulation defined in the antenatal period by Doppler ultrasound study.
  
  
  METHODS
  An observational study to compare fetal plasma apolipoprotein levels in normal and complicated pregnancy.
  
  
  METHODS
  A university hospital tertiary referral obstetric unit.
  
  
  METHODS
  Umbilical vein blood was collected at delivery from 22 normal fetuses delivered by elective caesarean section for non fetal reasons and 30 fetuses with evidence of umbilical placental vascular disease identified antenatally by Doppler ultrasound study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Plasma apolipoprotein A-1 and B were determined using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) methods.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fetal plasma levels of apolipoprotein A-1 and B were measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was a significantly lower level of fetal plasma apolipoprotein A-1 in placental insufficiency [placental insufficiency vs normal pregnancy, median 0.30 g/L (interquartile range 0.24, 0.39 g/L) vs 0.35 g/L (0.31, 0.42 g/L), P = 0.045]. In contrast, the levels of fetal plasma apolipoprotein B in placental insufficiency [0.20 g/L (0.17, 0.26 g/L)] were significantly increased compared with normal pregnancy [0.16 g/L (0. 14, 0.20 g/L), P = 0.03]. The ratio of fetal plasma apolipoprotein B to A-1 was also substantially higher in placental insufficiency [0.68 (0.55, 0.83)] than in normal pregnancy [0.45 (0.36, 0.60), P = 0.0003].
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study has demonstrated that levels of fetal plasma apolipoprotein A-1, apolipoprotein B and the ratio of apolipoprotein B to A-1 were altered in the fetuses who are victims of umbilical placental insufficiency in the same direction as in adults associated with a high risk of atherogenesis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Sydney at Westmead Hospital, NSW, Australia.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Trudinger
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001054:Apolipoproteins A / Q000097:blood*; D001055:Apolipoproteins B / Q000097:blood*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D005312:Fetal Blood / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D010927:Placental Insufficiency / Q000097:blood*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications; D011263:Pregnancy Trimester, Third / Q000097:blood; D016216:Ultrasonography, Prenatal; D014470:Umbilical Cord / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D014652:Vascular Diseases / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D001054:Apolipoproteins A; D001055:Apolipoproteins B; D015415:Biomarkers