title: The role of Borrelia burgdorferi in interstitial cystitis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Borrelia burgdorferi spirochete has been found both in bladder biopsies and the urine of patients with Lyme disease (LD) as well as in experimental animals. The urological symptoms in borreliosis resemble those of interstitial cystitis (IC): frequency, urgency and nocturia. The aim of this studies is to find the role of B. burgdorferi in interstitial cystitis.
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied antibodies against B. burgdorferi from serum samples of 50 IC patients with two separate EIA tests. Patients with positive serology in both tests underwent cystoscopy and a bladder biopsy was taken. The presence of borrelia DNA was studied with borrelia-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and with universal bacterial PCR.
  
  
  RESULTS
  IgM class antibodies to B. burgdorferi were not found, but IgG antibodies were found in four samples (8%). This was higher than in the control material (2%). One patient's sample was strongly positive, whereas three samples were weakly positive. Bladder biopsies taken from the 4 patients were negative for borrelia DNA in both PCR tests. None of the seropositive patients had any symptoms consistent with LD.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results indicate that persistent infection of B. burgdorferi has no role in the etiology of IC. On the other hand a connection with a past borrelia infection and IC is not excluded.
authors.affiliation: Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Turku, Finland. anna.alanen@utu.fi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Haarala
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kiiholma
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nurmi
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Uksila
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Alanen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial / Q000032:analysis*; D001483:Base Sequence; D001707:Biopsy, Needle; D015748:Borrelia burgdorferi Group / Q000276:immunology / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D018856:Cystitis, Interstitial / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology / Q000382:microbiology*; D003558:Cystoscopy; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000032:analysis*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D008193:Lyme Disease / Q000175:diagnosis*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
chemical_list: D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial; D004269:DNA, Bacterial