title: Assessment of the vascularization of neuroendocrine tumors by stimulated acoustic emission of SH U 508A ultrasound contrast agent and color or power Doppler sonography.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the vascularization of neuroendocrine tumors by stimulated acoustic emission (SAE) of SH U 508A during the blood pool phase in comparison with contrast-enhanced Doppler sonography.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-six patients with neuroendocrine tumors received contrast-enhanced Doppler sonography and 21, an additional SAE. To classify tumor perfusion on Doppler sonography, a 4-step rating score was introduced: (1) no vessels (hypoperfusion); (2) one feeding or central vessel (hypoperfusion); (3) some vessels (hyperperfusion); and (4) disseminated vessels (hyperperfusion). In 36 patients, 1 pancreatic primary tumor, 33 liver metastases, 1 splenic metastasis, and 1 lymph node metastasis were examined. Results were correlated with biphasic spiral CT (n = 35) and angiography (n = 2).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Arterial-phase CT and digital subtraction angiography revealed 18 hyper- and 18 hypoperfused lesions. Contrast-enhanced Doppler correctly classified 15 of 18 patients (83%) with hyperperfused lesions as well as 16 of 18 (89%) hypoperfused tumors by applying the rating score. SAE correctly identified 4 of 9 hyperperfused lesions (44%), 2 were isoperfused compared with normal liver tissue (22%), and 3 were hypoperfused (33%). Of 12 hypoperfused lesions, 11 were classified correctly (92%), and 1 showed isoperfusion. Hence, the positive and negative predictive values for SAE were 80% and 69%, respectively. For contrast-enhanced Doppler sonography, positive and negative predictive values were 88% and 84%, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Blood pool SAE failed to determine subtle tumor perfusion correctly. The rating score for contrast-enhanced Doppler sonography characterized tumor perfusion with high accuracy. The use of a contrast agent significantly improved perfusion characterization.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Charité Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Medical Faculty of the Humboldt University, Berlin, Germany. jens@charite.de
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ricke
authors.forename: E L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Hänninen
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Amthauer
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lemke
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Felix
mesh_terms: D015901:Angiography, Digital Subtraction; D003287:Contrast Media; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D018358:Neuroendocrine Tumors / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D011134:Polysaccharides; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D018615:Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D011134:Polysaccharides; C059891:SHU 508