title: Progress of surgical training in Papua New Guinea to the end of the 20th century.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Health care in Papua New Guinea (PNG) throughout the 20th century has been characterized by a significant shortage of medical practitioners and surgical expertise. A number of initiatives within the country and from outside have sought to address these deficiencies of numbers and quality. The present paper seeks to review the development of surgery and surgical training in PNG.
  
  
  METHODS
  Review of the surgical literature, reports and records in the Division of Surgery at the University of Papua New Guinea (UPNG), and personal observations are used to look critically at the content and productivity of the various training initiatives.
  
  
  RESULTS
  For the first half of the century, PNG relied on national medical assistants who were trained, supervised and directed by expatriate doctors. Medical training of PNG doctors began in 1951 and by 1999 more than 600 doctors had graduated. Expatriate specialist surgeons arrived in 1950 and were the only surgeons until the postgraduate Master of Medicine (surgical) programme produced its first graduates in 1978. This programme has now produced 37 surgeons who are reasonably well distributed throughout the country. Higher surgical diplomas were introduced in 1994 for more specialized training of some of the general surgeons. These training developments have been supported by AusAid as well as by Australian surgeons.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Surgical expertise has progressively improved throughout the 20th century with the most major advances being achieved in the last decade. Training programmes have provided an expanding core of expertise of considerable quality, but the numbers of doctors and surgeons remain well below requirements.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Papua New Guinea. watters@global.net.pg
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Watters
authors.forename: D E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Theile
mesh_terms: D003479:Curriculum; D004502:Education, Medical, Continuing; D004503:Education, Medical, Graduate; D013502:General Surgery / Q000193:education*; D006801:Humans; D010219:Papua New Guinea; D012106:Research; D000078329:Workforce