title: Effect of epidural and intravenous clonidine on the neuro-endocrine and immune stress response in patients undergoing lung surgery.
abstract: The effects of intravenous and epidural clonidine, 4 microg kg-1, combined with epidural morphine, 40 microg kg-1, on the neuro-endocrine and immune stress responses to thoracic surgery are reported. A control group received only epidural morphine. Anaesthesia was induced and maintained with propofol. Catecholamines, vasopressin, cortisol, beta-endorphin concentrations and leucocyte counts were measured before drug administration, immediately after intubation of the trachea, after thoracotomy and at the end of surgery. Catecholamines did not change in any of the groups. The other stress hormones increased during surgery, the pattern being similar in the three groups. Total leucocyte and neutrophil counts were increased in all groups at the end of surgery, but the increase was least in the epidural clonidine group. The number of lymphocytes was reduced at the end of surgery in the epidural and intravenous group, compared with the control group in which the number of lymphocytes did not change. The effects are more pronounced with epidural than with intravenous administration. We conclude that clonidine can modulate the immune stress response to thoracic surgery.
authors.affiliation: Clinical Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Therapy, University Medical Centre, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Novak-Jankoviĉ
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Paver-E&rcirc;en
authors.forename: J G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Bovill
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ihan
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Osredkar
mesh_terms: D000316:Adrenergic alpha-Agonists / Q000097:blood; D015360:Analgesia, Epidural; D000700:Analgesics / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous / Q000008:administration & dosage; D003000:Clonidine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004837:Epinephrine / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000097:blood; D007111:Immunity, Cellular / Q000187:drug effects*; D007268:Injections, Epidural; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D007958:Leukocyte Count; D008168:Lung / Q000601:surgery*; D018655:Lymphocyte Count; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009020:Morphine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D009490:Neurosecretory Systems / Q000187:drug effects*; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000166:cytology; D009638:Norepinephrine / Q000097:blood; D015742:Propofol / Q000008:administration & dosage; D013312:Stress, Physiological / Q000276:immunology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D013565:Sympatholytics / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014667:Vasopressins / Q000097:blood; D001615:beta-Endorphin / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D000316:Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; D000700:Analgesics; D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous; D013565:Sympatholytics; D014667:Vasopressins; D001615:beta-Endorphin; D009020:Morphine; D003000:Clonidine; D006854:Hydrocortisone; D009638:Norepinephrine; D015742:Propofol; D004837:Epinephrine