title: Effects of anti-rheumatic gold salts on NF-kappa B mobilization and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha)-induced neutrophil-dependent cytotoxicity for human endothelial cells.
abstract: We have previously shown that the gold-containing disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs, auranofin (AF) and gold sodium aurothiomalate (GSTM) reduce human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) adhesion molecule expression and neutrophil (PMN) adherence. AF diminishes E-selectin and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) on cytokine-activated HUVEC, while GSTM decreases only E-selectin. Since tight adhesion is critical for PMN to damage EC, we tested whether these drugs modulated human PMN-mediated injury to TNF-alpha-activated HUVEC in vitro (as measured by 51Cr release). Here we show that TNF-alpha caused a prominent PMN-mediated cytotoxicity that was dose-dependently reduced when AF and GSTM were added to the assay system. We also found that a potent inhibitor of NF-kappaB, pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC) in a dose-dependent manner impaired TNF-alpha-induced cytotoxicity, indicating a role of NF-kappaB activation in cytokine-induced endothelial injury. To examine the effects of AF and GSTM on TNF-alpha-induced NF-kappaB activation this was measured in HUVEC nuclear extracts by an electrophoretic mobility shift assay. AF, but not GSTM, decreased TNF-alpha-induced NF-kappaB activation in HUVEC. Thus, in this in vitro model of vasculitis, AF and GSTM dose dependently reduced TNF-alpha-mediated neutrophil-dependent cytotoxicity for HUVEC, and AF, but not GSTM, inhibited NF-kappaB mobilization, thereby providing possible mechanisms for effects of AF and GSTM.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Rheumatology and Haematology,The Karolinska Institute, Huddinge University Hospital, Huddinge, Sweden.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bratt
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Belcher
authors.forename: G M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Vercellotti
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Palmblad
mesh_terms: D018501:Antirheumatic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001310:Auranofin / Q000494:pharmacology; D002460:Cell Line; D003602:Cytotoxicity, Immunologic / Q000187:drug effects*; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology; D006052:Gold Sodium Thiomalate / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism*; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D014471:Umbilical Veins
chemical_list: D018501:Antirheumatic Agents; D016328:NF-kappa B; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D006052:Gold Sodium Thiomalate; D001310:Auranofin