title: [Hybrid 3D visualization and virtual endoscopy in cochlear implants].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to demonstrate on a complex anatomical structure the possibilities and the advantages of a superimposition of a color-coded surface and volume rendering (hybrid rendering) method with the possibility of the performance of a virtual endoscopy.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 6 patients with cochlear implants a high-resolution spiral computed tomography of the petrous bone was performed. The cochlear implants, the middle and inner ear structures were visualized using a color-coded surface rendering method, either shaded or as a grid. The petrous bone was visualized using a transparent volume rendering method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The hybrid 3D visualization uses the advantages of both the color-coded 3D surface and volume rendering method. In comparison to the axial source images, the hybrid 3D visualization thus facilitates a clearer representation and better assessment of the complex topographical relationship without loss of diagnostic information. The virtual endoscopy facilitates an intraluminal visualization and inspection of all color-coded 3D surface- and volume rendered structures.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The hybrid rendering and virtual endoscopy make the morphological assessment of cochlear implants easier by the simultaneous visualization of the surrounding structures and thereby support the diagnostic imaging methods. This image processing method can be used pre-operatively for the individual planning, simulation, training and further development of surgical procedures and interventions and post-operatively for the control of the position and further developments of implants.
authors.affiliation: Radiologische Klinik, Abteilung Radiologische Diagnostik, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen.
authors.forename: M D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Seemann
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Luboldt
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Haferkamp
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bode
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Schäfer
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Allen
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Dammann
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Plinkert
authors.forename: C D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Claussen
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003054:Cochlear Implants; D004724:Endoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D005069:Evaluation Studies as Topic; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010579:Petrous Bone / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D013997:Time Factors; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods*; D014584:User-Computer Interface