title: A transgenic insertional inner ear mutation on mouse chromosome 1.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To clone and characterize the integration site of an insertional inner ear mutation, produced in one of fourteen transgenic mouse lines. The insertion of the transgene led to a mutation in a gene(s) necessary for normal development of the vestibular labyrinth.
  
  
  METHODS
  Molecular genetic analysis of a transgene integration site.
  
  
  METHODS
  Molecular cloning, Southern and northern blotting, DNA sequencing and genetic database searching were the methods employed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The integration of the transgene resulted in a dominantly inherited waltzing phenotype and in degeneration of the pars superior. During development, inner ear fluid homeostasis was disrupted. The integration consisted of the insertion of a single copy of the transgene. Flanking DNA was cloned, and mapping indicated that the genomic DNA on either side of the transgene was not contiguous in the wild-type mouse. Localization of unique markers from the two flanks indicated that both were in the proximal region of mouse chromosome 1. However, in the wild-type mouse the markers were separated by 6.3 cM, indicating a sizable rearrangement. Analysis of the mutant DNA indicated that the entire region between the markers was neither deleted nor simply inverted.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results are consistent with a complex rearrangement, including at least four breakpoints and spanning at least 6.3 cM, resulting from the integration of the transgene. This genomic rearrangement disrupted the function of one or more genes critical to the maintenance of fluid homeostasis during development and the normal morphogenesis of the pars superior.
authors.affiliation: House Ear Clinic Inc, Los Angeles, CA 90057, USA.
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Friedman
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Adir
authors.forename: E B
authors.initials: EB
authors.lastname: Crenshaw
authors.forename: A F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Ryan
authors.forename: M G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Rosenfeld
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002874:Chromosome Mapping; D002878:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 1; D004252:DNA Mutational Analysis; D007758:Ear, Inner / Q000002:abnormalities*; D005260:Female; D005799:Genes, Dominant / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008822:Mice, Transgenic / Q000235:genetics*; D008967:Molecular Biology; D016254:Mutagenesis, Insertional; D010641:Phenotype