title: Early impairment of coronary flow reserve and increase in minimum coronary resistance in borderline hypertensive patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate relations between coronary flow velocity and myocardial oxygen demand at rest, as well as coronary vasodilator capacity and flow reserve, in asymptomatic subjects with borderline hypertension as compared to normotensive controls and patients with sustained high blood pressure (HBP) and without left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH).
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-two asymptomatic males were studied: 13 healthy normotensive volunteers; 12 subjects with borderline HBP and 17 asymptomatic subjects with sustained systemic hypertension. Coronary flow velocity in left anterior descending artery and coronary flow reserve were assessed by transesophageal echo-doppler at baseline and during intravenous adenosine infusion. Left ventricular mass, peak systolic wall stress (PSWS; Pa), and midwall fractional shortening (MFS; %) were obtained from M-mode images of the left ventricle in transthoracic long-axis view and in transesophageal transgastric view.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Coronary flow velocity at baseline was not significantly different in the three groups, despite significantly higher rate-pressure product (RPP) in the hypertensive groups as compared with controls. Only in control subjects, was resting coronary flow velocity significantly correlated with RPP (y = 4279 + 200x, r = + 0.58, P < 0.05) and PSWS (y = 17.2 + 5.1 x, r = + 0.62, P < 0.05). Coronary reserve was 3.5 +/- 0.65 in controls and significantly lower (P < 0.05) in borderline hypertensive (2.87 +/- 0.46) and in sustained hypertensive subjects (2.66 +/- 0.56). Minimum coronary resistance was significantly increased in both hypertensive groups (1.30 +/- 0.29 and 1.39 +/- 0.48 mmHg/s per cm) as compared to normotensive controls (0.93 +/- 0.20 mmHg/s per cm, P < 0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In asymptomatic subjects with borderline hypertension and without LVH, a significant reduction in coronary flow reserve is already detectable and appears almost entirely related to an impaired coronary vasodilator capacity rather than to an increased myocardial oxygen demand.
authors.affiliation: CNR Institute of Clinical Physiology and Department of Internal Medicine, Univeristy of Pisa, Italy. palombo@po.ifc.pi.cnr.it
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Palombo
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kozakova
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Magagna
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bigalli
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Morizzo
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ghiadoni
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Virdis
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Emdin
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Taddei
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: L'Abbate
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Salvetti
mesh_terms: D000241:Adenosine / Q000494:pharmacology; D000328:Adult; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity / Q000187:drug effects; D003326:Coronary Circulation / Q000187:drug effects; D017548:Echocardiography, Transesophageal; D006339:Heart Rate; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012016:Reference Values; D014655:Vascular Resistance
chemical_list: D000241:Adenosine