title: Influence of intravenous clonidine pretreatment on anesthetic requirements during bispectral EEG-guided sevoflurane anesthesia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the anesthetic effects of clonidine during sevoflurane anesthesia guided by the bispectral index (BIS), which is a processed EEG variable correlated with anesthetic-hypnotic depth.
  
  
  METHODS
  Placebo-controlled, double-blind clinical trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  Elective laparoscopic surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  60 ASA physical status I patients scheduled for laparoscopic surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients received either clonidine (3 micrograms/kg, 15 min before induction) or placebo premedication for a sevoflurane-induced and sevoflurane-maintained anesthesia. Sevoflurane was titrated against a BIS held between 40 and 50. Analgesia was provided by local infiltration with bupivacaine. Need for postoperative analgesia was recorded.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Mean sevoflurane requirements were not lower with clonidine pretreatment. There was statistically better perioperative hemodynamic stability (i.e., fewer episodes of hypertension and tachycardia) without clinical relevance. A decreased need for postoperative analgesia was observed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Ziekenhuis Oost-Limburg, Campus Sint-Jan, Genk, Belgium.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: De Deyne
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Struys
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Heylen
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: De Jongh
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Van der Laenen
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Buyse
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Deghislage
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Rolly
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000769:Anesthesia, Inhalation; D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002045:Bupivacaine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003000:Clonidine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D017558:Elective Surgical Procedures; D004569:Electroencephalography / Q000145:classification; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000517:prevention & control; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D010535:Laparoscopy; D008297:Male; D008738:Methyl Ethers / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008875:Middle Aged; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000517:prevention & control; D010919:Placebos; D011292:Premedication; D000077149:Sevoflurane; D012815:Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted; D013565:Sympatholytics / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D013610:Tachycardia / Q000517:prevention & control
chemical_list: D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation; D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D008738:Methyl Ethers; D010919:Placebos; D013565:Sympatholytics; D000077149:Sevoflurane; D003000:Clonidine; D002045:Bupivacaine