title: Single-shot Intercostal Nerve Block as an Adjunct to Post-operative Pain Control for Upper Abdominal Surgery in the Obese Patient.
abstract: One-hundred and ninety-two obese patients presented for upper abdominal surgery, of which 110 received general anesthesia with opioid analgesia and 82 patients received general anesthesia with opioid analgesia plus a single-shot intercostal nerve block of 0.5% bupivacaine in 1: 200,000 adrenaline. A significant increase in the time to first post-operative opioid dose and a significant reduction in the number of doses over the first 12 and 24 h periods were noted in the patients receiving intercostal nerve block.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesia, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Victoria, 3002 Australia.
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Pearce
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Bjorksten