title: The effects of various organ preservation solutions on hepatocyte membrane potentials, intracellular calcium concentrations, and outcome following liver transplantation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Hepatocyte membrane potential differences (PDs) may be altered by the preservation solutions used in liver transplantation. Such alterations could impact on the survival of the donor liver, extent of biochemical injury, and flux of important ionic compounds. The purpose of the present study was to document these outcomes in the presence of four different preservation solutions.
  
  
  METHODS
  Livers of adult male Sprague-Dawley rats (N = 3 to 4 per group) were impaled with intracellular microelectrodes prior to and at various time periods for 6 hours following complete hepatic resection. Just prior to resection, each liver was perfused with preservation solutions associated with high (normal saline [NS]), moderate (Euro-Collins [EC]), and low (University of Wisconsin solution [UW]) risks of reperfusion injury.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Baseline (in situ) PDs were similar in all groups (-37 +/- 4 mV, mean +/- SD). Ten minutes postresection, hepatic PDs were as follows: NS, -23.8 +/- 3.5 mV; EC, -11.4 +/- 0.4 mV; and UW, -8.7 +/- 0.3 mV (P <0.01 for all groups). Maximum depolarization occurred at 6 hours postresection (NS, -8.1 +/- 1.1 mV; EC, -7.7 +/- 1.3 mV; and UW, -8.6 +/- 1.0 mV). To determine whether these changes are of pathophysiologic importance, the NS solution was modified (addition of 0.1% ethanol) to achieve similar PD changes as those observed with UW. Liver transplants were then performed where the donor livers had been perfused and preserved for 6 hours with either NS or the modified NS (MNS) solution. Posttransplant (10 day) survival was 1 of 6 (17%) in the NS group and 4 of 6 (67%) in the MNS group (P <0.05). Regarding the effects of PD changes on ionic flux, intracellular calcium levels were documented for up to 4 hours by fluorescence video microscopy using Fura-2 in isolated hepatocytes exposed to NS, UW, and MNS solutions. Intracellular calcium levels were similar in all solutions at each time point studied.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of this study indicate that hepatocytes undergo prompt and marked depolarization following hepatic resection, and the extent of the depolarization correlates with survival following transplantation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Cohen
authors.forename: F J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Burczynski
authors.forename: B G
authors.initials: BG
authors.lastname: Rosser
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lipschitz
authors.forename: G Y
authors.initials: GY
authors.lastname: Minuk
mesh_terms: D000241:Adenosine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000493:Allopurinol / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000818:Animals; D002118:Calcium / Q000032:analysis; D020013:Calcium Signaling / Q000187:drug effects*; D000431:Ethanol / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D016257:Fura-2; D005978:Glutathione / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006085:Graft Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D006498:Hepatectomy; D006982:Hypertonic Solutions / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007328:Insulin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D016031:Liver Transplantation / Q000473:pathology / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D008564:Membrane Potentials / Q000187:drug effects*; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D018715:Microscopy, Video; D009926:Organ Preservation; D019188:Organ Preservation Solutions / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011887:Raffinose / Q000627:therapeutic use; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D012965:Sodium Chloride; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: C037096:Euro-Collins' solution; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D006982:Hypertonic Solutions; D007328:Insulin; D019188:Organ Preservation Solutions; C055206:University of Wisconsin-lactobionate solution; D000431:Ethanol; D012965:Sodium Chloride; D000493:Allopurinol; D005978:Glutathione; D000241:Adenosine; D011887:Raffinose; D002118:Calcium; D016257:Fura-2