title: Does socioeconomic status relate to central serotonergic responsivity in healthy adults?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We tested whether low SES was associated with reduced central serotonergic responsivity in a community sample of adult men and women and the extent to which standardized measures of aggression and impulsivity mediate the association.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 270 adults who were enrolled in a clinical trial on the neurobehavioral effects of lipid lowering were given a neuropharmacologic challenge (plasma prolactin response to orally administered fenfluramine) to measure serotonergic responsivity. Measures of family income and educational attainment were standardized and summed to derive an overall index of SES. Scores from the Brown-Goodwin Life History of Aggression interview, the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale, and the Angry Hostility subscale from the NEO Personality Inventory were also standardized and summed to form an aggression/impulsivity score.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Low SES was correlated with low prolactin responses to the fenfluramine challenge in the full sample (r = .15) as well as in whites, men, and women evaluated separately. Although the standardized SES score was correlated inversely with aggression/impulsivity measure (r = -.19, p < .01), the association between SES and prolactin responses remained significant when statistical adjustments were made for age, gender, body mass index, and aggression/impulsivity scores.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Blunted serotonergic responsivity is associated with low social class as measured by annual family income and educational attainment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA 15213, USA. matthewska@msx.upmc.edu
authors.forename: K A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Matthews
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Flory
authors.forename: M F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Muldoon
authors.forename: S B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Manuck
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000374:Aggression / Q000502:physiology*; D004522:Educational Status; D005260:Female; D005277:Fenfluramine; D006791:Hostility; D006801:Humans; D007175:Impulsive Behavior; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008954:Models, Biological; D010414:Pennsylvania; D011388:Prolactin / Q000097:blood* / Q000378:metabolism; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012494:Sampling Studies; D012701:Serotonin / Q000378:metabolism*; D018490:Serotonin Agents; D012923:Social Class; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors
chemical_list: D018490:Serotonin Agents; D005277:Fenfluramine; D012701:Serotonin; D011388:Prolactin