title: Development of a wheelchair occupant injury risk assessment method and its application in the investigation of wheelchair securement point influence on frontal crash safety.
abstract: To promote proper wheelchair securement in transportation, the proposed ANSI/RESNA Standard on Wheelchairs Used as Seats in Motor Vehicles will require that all transit wheelchairs be equipped with four securement points compatible with strap-type tiedowns. Through computer simulations, the location of these securement points has been found to influence wheelchair user response to a frontal crash. This study develops and employs an injury risk assessment method to compare the crashworthiness of various securement point configurations. The comparative injury risk assessment method is designed to predict the risk associated with internalized crash forces, as well as risk associated with secondary occupant impact with the vehicle interior. Injury criteria established by Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards and General Motors, along with excursion limitations set by the Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) J2249 Wheelchair Tiedowns and Occupant Restraint Systems (WTORS) Standard were used as benchmarks for the risk assessment method. The simulation model subjected a secured commercial powerbase wheelchair with a seated 50th percentile male Hybrid III test dummy to a 20 g/30 mph crash. The occupant was restrained using pelvic and shoulder belts, and the wheelchair was secured with four strap-type tiedowns. Results indicated that securement points located 1.5 in to 2.5 in above the evaluated wheelchair's center of gravity provide the most effective occupant protection.
authors.affiliation: Department of Rehabilitation Sciences and Technology, University of Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA.
authors.forename: G E
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Bertocci
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Hobson
authors.forename: K H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Digges
mesh_terms: D015998:Abbreviated Injury Scale; D000054:Acceleration; D000063:Accidents, Traffic / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D019985:Benchmarking; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D003198:Computer Simulation; D004867:Equipment Design; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008348:Manikins; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D018570:Risk Assessment / Q000379:methods*; D012307:Risk Factors; D017751:Safety Management / Q000379:methods*; D012622:Seat Belts; D014186:Transportation / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D014910:Wheelchairs / Q000009:adverse effects*; D014947:Wounds and Injuries / Q000145:classification / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control*