title: Comorbidity in juvenile obsessive-compulsive disorder: a report from India.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Using minimal exclusion criteria, to assess systematically the psychiatric comorbidity in children and adolescents with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and compare the findings with those of previous studies.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-four children and adolescents who satisfied DSM-III-R criteria for OCD were assessed using a structured interview schedule, the Children's version of the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (CY-BOCS), and the questionnaire for tic disorders. All 54 subjects were recruited from the Child and Adolescent Psychiatry (CAP) services of the National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, South India. Diagnoses were determined consensually after a review of all the available data.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Comorbidity was found in 69% of the sample: 22% were diagnosed with disruptive disorders; 20% met criteria for mood disorders; 19% had anxiety disorders; and 17% had tic disorders. Only 1 subject had bipolar disorder, and none had psychosis. The rates for individual diagnoses--in particular, the rates for disruptive disorders, bipolar disorder, and psychosis--were considerably lower than those reported in previous studies.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patterns of comorbidity in this study differed from those previously reported. Novel patterns of comorbidity with disruptive disorders, bipolar disorder, and psychosis reported in a few recent studies were not replicated in this study. These differences are probably due to different ascertainment methods. Comorbidity needs to be assessed in large epidemiological samples before definite associations can be made between certain comorbid disorders and juvenile OCD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, India. jreddy@nimhans.kar.nic.in
authors.forename: Y C
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Reddy
authors.forename: P S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Reddy
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Srinath
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Khanna
authors.forename: S P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Sheshadri
authors.forename: S C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Girimaji
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000294:Adolescent Behavior / Q000523:psychology; D015897:Comorbidity; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007194:India / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D009771:Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D000297:Psychology, Adolescent