title: A cluster of necrotizing enterocolitis in term infants undergoing open heart surgery.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a serious gastrointestinal disease of unknown cause that predominantly affects premature infants, but it has been reported in term infants with congenital heart disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  In August and September of 1997, 4 cases of NEC in term infants with congenital heart disease were identified among 24 infants undergoing cardiac surgical procedures at our institution. Because nosocomial NEC had not previously been identified among infants in our pediatric intensive care unit, a case-control study was conducted to identify risk factors for NEC. All infants less than 4 months old undergoing cardiac surgery without development of NEC during the epidemic period were selected as controls.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The only significant risk factor associated with case-infants was a higher mean temperature gradient (rectal/toe) during the immediate 12-hour postoperative period (4.0 degrees C vs 2.0 degrees C, P <.01). Urine output was higher in control-infants in this postoperative period, although not statistically significant (11.9 mL/h vs 6.1 mL/h, P =.15).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although an infectious etiology cannot be ruled out, the cases of NEC in infants with congenital heart disease after cardiac procedures may have resulted from mesenteric ischemia associated with a low perfusion state in the perioperative period.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Infection Control and Epidemiology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Fatica
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gordon
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Mossad
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: McHugh
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mee
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001831:Body Temperature; D006348:Cardiac Surgical Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D020345:Enterocolitis, Necrotizing / Q000209:etiology* / Q000628:therapy; D005260:Female; D006330:Heart Defects, Congenital / Q000150:complications* / Q000601:surgery*; D006776:Hospitals, Pediatric; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D017053:Infection Control / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D009820:Ohio; D010289:Parenteral Nutrition, Total; D012307:Risk Factors; D016019:Survival Analysis; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents