title: Serum interferon gamma in primary biliary cirrhosis: effect of ursodeoxycholic acid and prednisone therapy alone and in combination.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Interferon-gamma may have immunopathogenic importance in primary biliary cirrhosis, stimulating aberrant expression on biliary epithelium of class II major histocompatibility molecules and inter-cellular adhesion molecule-1. Liver transcripts for interferon-gamma are found in primary biliary cirrhosis. Its serum level is increased in pretransplantation stages and decreases after transplantation.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  (1) To verify whether serum interferon-gamma levels are increased in non-cirrhotic stages of primary biliary cirrhosis. (2) To evaluate the effect of ursodeoxycholic acid and prednisone alone and in combination on serum levels of interferon-gamma and soluble inter-cellular adhesion molecule-1.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nine non-cirrhotic, anicteric patients with primary biliary cirrhosis (patient test group), 14 healthy, negative controls and 14 positive controls, with chronic hepatitis related to hepatitis C virus were studied in basal condition. Primary biliary cirrhosis patients were treated with ursodeoxycholic acid, prednisone and the association of the two drugs for three 4-week periods, each period separated by a 4-week wash-out. Interferon-gamma and soluble inter-cellular adhesion molecule-1 were measured in serum by commercially available immuno-enzymatic kits.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Median interferon-gamma levels were increased in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis compared with healthy controls (44 vs 19 pg/ml; P < 0.01) but similar to those in chronic hepatitis patients (47 pg/ml). Serum soluble inter-cellular adhesion molecule-1 was significantly reduced by ursodeoxycholic acid, and an even greater reduction was obtained on addition of prednisone. No treatment affected interferon-gamma levels.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Serum interferon-gamma is increased in noncirrhotic patients with primary biliary cirrhosis, but this is not disease-specific. Neither ursodeoxycholic acid, nor prednisone, nor the combination of the two drugs influenced this immunological pathway of primary biliary cirrhosis.
authors.affiliation: Gastroenterology Unit, Ospedale Mauriziano Umberto I, Torino, Italy.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fracchia
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Secreto
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tabone
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zaffino
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pera
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Galatola
mesh_terms: D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000097:blood; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000097:blood*; D008105:Liver Cirrhosis, Biliary / Q000097:blood* / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011241:Prednisone / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014580:Ursodeoxycholic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1; D014580:Ursodeoxycholic Acid; D007371:Interferon-gamma; D011241:Prednisone