title: Increased expression of inflammatory mediators in small-airway epithelium from tobacco smokers.
abstract: To study the inflammatory responses of small-airway epithelium in smokers, we harvested enough living epithelial cells (1.97 x 10(6) +/- 0.74 x 10(6)) with a new ultrathin fiberscope from the very peripheral airways of 22 current smokers and 17 subjects who never smoked after informed consent was obtained. The cells were keratin positive and composed mainly of nonciliated cells. The expression levels of inflammatory markers [interleukin (IL)-8 and intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1] were evaluated with RT-PCR. The magnitude of the mRNA levels corrected by beta-actin transcripts of IL-8 and ICAM-1 was significantly higher in the smokers than in the nonsmokers (P < 0.001). Furthermore, among current smokers, IL-8 mRNA levels correlated positively with the extent of smoking history [in pack. years (packs/day x no. of years of smoking); r = 0.754, P < 0.001]. Spontaneously released IL-8 and soluble ICAM-1 levels (n = 12) from cultured epithelial cells were elevated in subjects with a smoking history than in those without it (IL-8, 1,580 +/- 29.6 vs. 354 +/- 39.4 pg. 10(6) cells(-1). 24 h(-1); P < 0.001; soluble ICAM-1, 356.0 +/- 45.9 vs. 112.9 +/- 12.9 pg. 10(6) cells(-1). 24 h(-1); P < 0.01 by Student's t-test ). In contrast, the epithelial cells from the main bronchi did not show such differences between smokers and nonsmokers. Our study highlighted a close link between smoking and the expression of inflammatory mediators such as IL-8 and ICAM-1 in small airways. Our results also suggested that this new ultrathin bronchofiberscope promised a good approach for the evaluation of cellular changes in the small airways.
authors.affiliation: Department of Laboratory Medicine and Respiratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Tokyo University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113, Japan. takizawa-phy@h.u-tokyo.ac.jp
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Takizawa
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Takami
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ohtoshi
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Satoh
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Okada
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Yamasawa
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Umeda
mesh_terms: D001706:Biopsy; D001980:Bronchi / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D001999:Bronchoscopy; D002452:Cell Count; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000276:immunology; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000235:genetics; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011014:Pneumonia / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D012129:Respiratory Function Tests; D020545:Respiratory Mucosa / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D016209:Interleukin-8; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1