title: Recent advances in the treatment of congestive heart failure.
abstract: Treatment of heart failure should include correction of the underlying cause. These causes include large left to right shunts, obstructive lesions, arrhythmias, primary myocardial disease etc. The main pharmacological therapy includes inotropic agents, vasodilators and diuretics. Inotropic agents increase myocardial contractility and include digoxin, intravenous dopamine, dobutamine and isoproterenol. Vasodilators improve cardiac pump performance by decreasing the vascular resistance and/or increasing the venous capacitance. Commonly used vasodilator agents include angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (captopril, enalapril etc.), hydralazine, prazosin hydrochloride etc. Diuretics inhibit salt and water reabsorption promoting their excretion. Furosemide, thiazide diuretics, aldactone, are commonly used diuretics. Electrolyte and acid-base imbalance can occur on chronic diuretic therapy. Cardiac transplantation is considered for patients where all medical management has failed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, St. Louis University School of Medicine, MO 63104, USA.
authors.forename: S C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D002317:Cardiovascular Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004232:Diuretics / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D014665:Vasodilator Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D002317:Cardiovascular Agents; D004232:Diuretics; D014665:Vasodilator Agents