Tumor infiltrating lymphocytes and continuous infusion interleukin-2 after metastasectomy in 61 patients with melanoma, colorectal and renal carcinoma.
OBJECTIVE
Adoptive immunotherapy with tumor infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) reinfusion plus continuous interleukin-2 (IL-2) infusion could represent an innovative way of treating immunogenic tumors. This study therefore recruited melanoma, colorectal and renal carcinoma patients whose metastases had been surgically removed.


METHODS
The treatment was initially given to 22 patients with advanced disease and more recently to 39 disease-free (DF) patients after radical metastasectomy. The latter group was selected in view of a theoretically better lymphocyte/tumor cell ratio and with the aim to improve disease-free and overall survival (DFS-OS) in very high risk patients. The starting IL-2 dose was 12 MIU/day (West's schedule); doses were modulated on the bases of toxicity parameters. Even though patients received different total amounts of IL-2, all of them completed the treatment.


RESULTS
The treatment was offered to 22 advanced-stage cancer patients (12 melanomas, 9 colorectal carcinomas, 1 kidney carcinoma). Few and short stabilizations were observed with a median survival of 12 months (range, 3-29). Subsequently, another 39 patients were treated in an adjuvant setting after radical metastasectomy (18 melanomas, 19 colorectal carcinomas, 2 kidney cancers). Eleven out of 17 DF melanoma patients (64.7%) are still free of disease after a median of 37+ months (range, 5+ - 69+). In the group of DF colorectal cancer patients eight (44.4%) are still DF after a median of 21+ months (range, 7+ - 67+ months). One of the two patients with kidney cancer is still DF after 28+ months. Two patients (1 melanoma and 1 colorectal cancer) had just been treated and were therefore not evaluable. Severe toxicity occurred in three cases but was rapidly resolved. There was a great diversity in IL-2 doses administered; comparison of the total IL-2 dose administered between the patients who are still DF and those who progressed revealed no difference between the two groups of colorectal cancer patients, whereas melanoma patients who progressed received an average IL-2 dose of 6.5 MIU/day versus 15.8 MIU/day in DF patients. No differences were observed in any of the groups between the number of TILs reinfused and clinical response.


CONCLUSIONS
The study is still ongoing; it has been decided to focus on DF melanoma patients after radical metastasectomy, for whom the data seem to be encouraging. Further endpoints of the study are the role of IL-2 dosage in the adjuvant setting, and the possibility to make correlations between biological parameters and clinical results.
Fabbri
M
M
Istituto Oncologico Romagnolo, Forlì, Italy.
Ridolfi
R
R
Maltoni
R
R
Ridolfi
L
L
Riccobon
A
A
Flamini
E
E
De Paola
F
F
Verdecchia
G M
GM
Amadori
D
D
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016219:Immunotherapy, Adoptive / Q000009:adverse effects; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000628:therapy*; D016246:Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating / Q000276:immunology*; D008297:Male; D008545:Melanoma / Q000628:therapy*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis
D007376:Interleukin-2