title: Comparative prevalence of infection with Trichomonas vaginalis among men attending a sexually transmitted diseases clinic.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Although established in women as a common cause of vaginal discharge, the prevalence of Trichomonas vaginalis (TV) in men compared with other classic urethral pathogens has not been well characterized. To assess this issue, the authors compared the prevalence of Neisseria gonorrhoeae (GC), Chlamydia trachomatis (CT), and TV in consecutive men attending a sexually transmitted diseases (STD) clinic.
  
  
  METHODS
  From June 1, 1998 to July 27, 1998, 454 consecutive men presenting to the Denver Metro Health Clinic with a new problem were tested for GC by urethral swab culture, for CT by polymerase chain reaction of urine, and for TV by urine sediment culture.
  
  
  RESULTS
  GC, CT, and TV were detected in 23 (5.1%), 34 (7.5%), and 13 (2.8%) of men, respectively. There were significant differences by age for both CT (11.3% in men younger than 30 years versus 3.3% in men 30 years and older, P < 0.05) and TV (0.8% in men younger than 30 years versus 5.1% in men 30 years and older, P < 0.05). In 50 men 30 years or older with symptoms of urethral discharge, TV prevalence (12.0%) rivalled that of GC (12.0%) and CT (14.0%). In 45 men 30 years and older with nongonococcal urethritis, the prevalence of TV and CT were each 13.3%. Multivariate logistical regression analysis showed the presence of discharge and nongonococcal urethritis in men 30 years and older to be an independent predictor of TV.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  TV is common in men attending sexually transmitted disease clinics, especially in those 30 years or older, in whom it may account for as much urethritis as GC or CT. These findings suggest that in older men with nongonococcal urethritis, diagnostic evaluation, empiric treatment, and partner management should include the possibility of TV infection.
authors.affiliation: Denver Department of Public Health, Colorado 80204, USA. jjoyner@dhha.org
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Joyner
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Douglas
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ragsdale
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Foster
authors.forename: F N
authors.initials: FN
authors.lastname: Judson
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000818:Animals; D002690:Chlamydia Infections / Q000453:epidemiology; D002692:Chlamydia trachomatis / Q000302:isolation & purification; D003120:Colorado / Q000453:epidemiology; D006069:Gonorrhea / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009344:Neisseria gonorrhoeae / Q000302:isolation & purification; D015995:Prevalence; D012749:Sexually Transmitted Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000469:parasitology; D014245:Trichomonas Infections / Q000453:epidemiology*; D014246:Trichomonas vaginalis / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D014522:Urethral Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000469:parasitology