title: Catastrophic outcomes of noncardiac surgery soon after coronary stenting.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the clinical course of patients who have undergone coronary stent placement less than six weeks before noncardiac surgery.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Surgical and percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty revascularization performed before high-risk noncardiac surgery is expected to reduce perioperative cardiac morbidity and mortality. Perioperative and postoperative complications in patients who have undergone coronary stenting before a noncardiac surgery have not been studied.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty patients who underwent coronary stent placement less than six weeks before noncardiac surgery requiring a general anesthesia were included in the study (1-39 days, average: 13 days). The records were screened for the occurrence of adverse clinical events, including myocardial infarction, stent thrombosis, peri- and postoperative bleeding and death.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In 40 consecutive patients meeting the study criteria, there were seven myocardial infarctions (MIs), 11 major bleeding episodes and eight deaths. All deaths and MIs, as well as 8/11 bleeding episodes, occurred in patients subjected to surgery fewer than 14 days from stenting. Four patients expired after undergoing surgery one day after stenting. Based on electrocardiogram, enzymatic and angiographic evidence, stent thrombosis accounted for most of the fatal events. The time between stenting and surgery appeared to be the main determinant of outcome.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Postponing elective noncardiac surgery for two to four weeks after coronary stenting should permit completion of the mandatory antiplatelet regimen, thereby reducing the risk of stent thrombosis and bleeding complications.
authors.affiliation: Methodist Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.
authors.forename: G L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Kałuza
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Joseph
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Raizner
authors.forename: A E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Raizner
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015906:Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000401:mortality; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy*; D004867:Equipment Design; D017809:Fatal Outcome; D005260:Female; D006470:Hemorrhage / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000209:etiology; D011300:Preoperative Care / Q000379:methods*; D011859:Radiography; D012008:Recurrence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D015607:Stents / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000145:classification; D013927:Thrombosis / Q000209:etiology; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome