title: Long-term topical timolol and blood lipids: the Blue Mountains Eye Study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine whether an association exists between long-term use of topical timolol and blood lipids, including high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), cholesterol, and triglycerides, among participants of the Blue Mountains Eye Study.
  
  
  METHODS
  From 1992 through 1994, a detailed medical and eye examination was performed in 3,654 people aged 49 years or older, representing 82% of permanent residents in two postcode areas west of Sydney. Glaucoma and ocular hypertension were diagnosed, and an ophthalmic history was taken, including use of topical timolol. Fasting blood tests were performed in 89% of subjects. Lipid levels were compared in subjects using topical timolol for at least 1 year with those not using timolol, after excluding people using oral beta-blockers, topical beta1-selective agents, or oral lipid-lowering medications.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Analyses compared blood lipids of 63 people who had used topical timolol for at least 1 year with 2,597 nonusers. No statistically significant differences were found in any blood lipid mean levels between treated and untreated people, after multivariate adjustment. However, subgroup analyses of men and women separately showed that male timolol users had a mean value of HDL-C 0.13 mmol/L (11%) lower then the mean value of male nonusers, while female timolol users had a mean value of HDL-C 0.09 mmol/L (5%) higher than the mean for female nonusers. There were no statistically significant associations between timolol treatment duration and HDL-C or other lipid levels. Previously reported adverse effects of oral beta-blockers on blood lipid levels were confirmed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These population-based data suggest that long-term administration of topical timolol for glaucoma or ocular hypertension can cause adverse effects on HDL-C in men, but not in women. The magnitude of the effect in men was similar to that previously described in a number of short-term studies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, the University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mitchell
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: R G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Cumming
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: House
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: England
mesh_terms: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000924:Anticholesteremic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood*; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D005902:Glaucoma, Open-Angle / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009517:New South Wales; D009798:Ocular Hypertension / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D009883:Ophthalmic Solutions; D009898:Optic Disk / Q000473:pathology; D012737:Sex Factors; D013997:Time Factors; D013999:Timolol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood*; D014505:Urban Population
chemical_list: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; D000924:Anticholesteremic Agents; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D009883:Ophthalmic Solutions; D014280:Triglycerides; D013999:Timolol