title: Respiratory response to spontaneous contractions of the urinary bladder in awake and decerebrate rats.
abstract: Spontaneous contractions of the urinary bladder (SBCs) have been shown to decrease the frequency and depth of respiration in anesthetized or unanesthetized, decerebrate cats. The respiratory responses to bladder voiding reflexes in the awake state have not been previously addressed. Because a chronic rat model for the study of bladder function has been established and breathing measurements can be made in the awake rat, we chose the rat as an experimental model to assess whether SBCs would alter breathing in the conscious, intact animal. Respiratory frequency increased during bladder contractions but tidal volume remained unaffected. To assess whether the respiratory response to bladder reflexes in rats differed from that previously observed in cats, we also studied decerebrate, vagotomized, paralyzed and artificially ventilated rats. Contrary to the respiratory inhibition observed in decerebrate cats, phrenic and hypoglossal nerve activities remained unaffected during SBCs in decerebrate rats. These results indicate a species difference in the coupling between respiration and bladder voiding reflexes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Dartmouth Medical School, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA. martha.h.stella@dartmouth.edu
authors.forename: M H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Stella
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Knuth
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bartlett
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003655:Decerebrate State / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004576:Electromyography; D005260:Female; D007002:Hypoglossal Nerve / Q000503:physiopathology; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000502:physiology*; D009130:Muscle, Smooth / Q000502:physiology*; D010791:Phrenic Nerve / Q000503:physiopathology; D051381:Rats / Q000502:physiology*; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012121:Respiration, Artificial; D012143:Respiratory Physiological Phenomena; D013990:Tidal Volume; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000502:physiology*; D014628:Vagotomy