title: Nitric oxide delivery to the lung: a model.
abstract: Dedicated nitric oxide equipped ventilators are now available commercially but are not yet common in clinical practice. With other ventilators, there is no standardized procedure for the administration or monitoring of nitric oxide. We describe the use of nitric oxide in conjunction with a simple time-cycled, pressure regulated, flow generating ventilator attached to a model infant-sized lung. The measured nitric oxide concentrations were always less than calculated. Infusion site, minute ventilation and sampling port all affected nitric oxide concentration (P < 0.05). Increasing minute ventilation lowered measured nitric oxide concentration exponentially. Mixing of gases improved when nitric oxide was infused closer to the ventilator. Acid contamination was found in water samples from humidifier, water trap and ventilator gas outlet. Acidification was reduced, without change in measured nitric oxide delivery, when infused prehumidifier. We recommend, when used as therapy, nitric oxide levels in inspired gases should always be measured.
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire and Department of Cardiothoracic Anaesthetics, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK.
authors.forename: P R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: R H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Hooper
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Stopp
authors.forename: N A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Moore
mesh_terms: D000280:Administration, Inhalation; D006801:Humans; D006813:Humidity; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007223:Infant; D008168:Lung / Q000502:physiology*; D008953:Models, Anatomic; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000032:analysis; D009585:Nitrogen Dioxide / Q000032:analysis; D011650:Pulmonary Alveoli / Q000378:metabolism; D012121:Respiration, Artificial; D014665:Vasodilator Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D014665:Vasodilator Agents; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D009585:Nitrogen Dioxide