title: Ornithine alpha-ketoglutarate and creatine effects on growth and plasma metabolites of nursery pigs.
abstract: Four experiments were conducted to determine the effect of dietary ornithine alpha-ketoglutarate (OKG) and creatine monohydrate on growth performance and plasma metabolites of nursery pigs. In each experiment, treatments were replicated with four to five pens of four to six pigs each. Each experiment lasted from 3 to 4 wk and Phase I (1.6% Lys) and Phase II (1.3 to 1.5% Lys) diets were fed for 9 to 16 d each. In Exp. 1, pigs (4.7 kg and 15 d of age) were fed diets containing 0, .10, or .75% OKG. Daily gain during a 13-d Phase I period and ADFI during Phase I and overall (29 d) were increased (P < .10) in pigs fed .75% OKG. Gain:feed ratio was not affected (P > .10) by diet. In Exp. 2, pigs (7.1 kg and 23 d of age) were fed 0 or .50% OKG during Phase I only. During Phase I, II, and overall, ADG and ADFI were not affected (P > .10) by OKG supplementation, but gain:feed was decreased during Phase I (P < .04), Phase II (P < .08), and overall (P < .04). Plasma urea N (PUN), glucose, and NEFA concentrations were not affected (P > .10) by OKG supplementation in this experiment. In Exp. 3, pigs (5.8 kg and 20 d of age) were fed diets containing 0, .10, or .50% creatine. Creatine tended to linearly decrease ADG (P = .11) and plasma albumin (P = .12) and PUN (P < .10) concentrations in Phase II (d 12 to 26). In Exp. 4, 850 mg of OKG or 750 mg of creatine was provided daily by oral capsule to pigs 4 d before weaning to 2 d after weaning. Pigs within a litter received either no capsule or capsules containing OKG or creatine. After weaning, pigs that received no capsule before weaning received no treatment, .50% creatine, or .50% OKG in the nursery diet. Pigs that received OKG before weaning received no treatment or .50% OKG, and pigs that received creatine before weaning received no treatment or .50% creatine in the nursery diet. Pigs weighed 3.9 kg 4 d before weaning and 4.9 kg at weaning at an average age of 20 d. The OKG provided by capsule decreased ADG (P < .02) and ADFI (P < .09) during Phase II. The OKG did not affect (P > .10) plasma NEFA, glucose, or urea N concentrations. Creatine added to the nursery diet increased (P < .02) ADFI and decreased (P < .10) gain:feed during Phase II and overall. Creatine in the nursery diet also increased (P < .01) PUN, but it did not affect plasma glucose or NEFA concentrations. Creatine and OKG have variable effects on growth performance and plasma metabolites of nursery pigs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge 70803, USA.
authors.forename: A C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Guzik
authors.forename: L L
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Southern
authors.forename: J O
authors.initials: JO
authors.lastname: Matthews
authors.forename: T D
authors.initials: TD
authors.lastname: Bidner
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Ladner
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed; D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D001806:Blood Urea Nitrogen; D003401:Creatine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified / Q000097:blood; D009952:Ornithine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D013552:Swine / Q000097:blood* / Q000254:growth & development*; D014886:Weaning; D015430:Weight Gain
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; C002118:ornithine alpha-ketoglutarate; D009952:Ornithine; D003401:Creatine