title: Brachial plexus catheter reservoir for the treatment of upper-extremity cancer pain: technical case report.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Infiltration of the brachial plexus with anesthetics can provide relief of upper-extremity pain from invasive cancer. Because the analgesia is short-lived, however, repeated invasive treatments are necessary. We describe the implantation of a catheter reservoir system, in which anesthetic injections through a subcutaneous port resulted in anesthetic infiltration of the brachial plexus.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 47-year-old Hispanic man with squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx had undergone surgical resection, radiation treatment, and chemotherapy. Two years later, he had locally recurrent disease involving the brachial plexus, neck, and chest wall. The patient's pain was minimally responsive to narcotics, which also caused severe nausea and anorexia.
  
  
  METHODS
  The brachial plexus was localized percutaneously with a needle electrode stimulator. Contrast injection under fluoroscopy confirmed entry into the plexus sheath. With use of the Seldinger technique, two Silastic catheters were placed within the brachial plexus and attached with a "Y" connector to a reservoir. The patient experienced complete relief of upper-extremity pain after a test injection with xylocaine. Thereafter, serial injections of bupivacaine with triamcinolone at 1-week intervals provided complete pain relief. After the treatments were initiated, the patient reported improved sleep and an improvement in his quality of life.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A catheter reservoir system for brachial plexus analgesia can provide safe and effective analgesia for upper-extremity pain. This technique negates the need for repeated invasive procedures and avoids the complications of neurolysis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurological Surgery, Los Angeles County Medical Center and University of Southern California, Los Angeles 90033, USA.
authors.forename: M Y
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: G P
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Teitelbaum
authors.forename: W J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Loskota
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Eng
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Albuquerque
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Gruen
mesh_terms: D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001132:Arm / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001917:Brachial Plexus / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002045:Bupivacaine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D002404:Catheterization; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009423:Nervous System Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D010146:Pain / Q000188:drug therapy; D010166:Palliative Care / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D002045:Bupivacaine