title: Protein kinase C-beta and oxygen deprivation. A novel Egr-1-dependent pathway for fibrin deposition in hypoxemic vasculature.
abstract: Fibrin deposition is a salient feature of hypoxemic vasculature and results from induction of tissue factor. Such tissue factor expression in an oxygen deficient environment is driven by the transcription factor Early Growth Response (Egr)-1. Using homozygous null mice for the protein kinase C beta-isoform gene (PKCbeta null), PKCbeta is shown to be upstream of Egr-1 in this oxygen deprivation-mediated pathway for triggering procoagulant events. Whereas wild-type mice exposed to hypoxia (6%) displayed a robust increase in tissue factor transcripts and antigen, and vascular fibrin deposition, PKCbeta null animals showed a markedly blunted response. Consistent with a central role for Egr-1 in hypoxia-induced expression of tissue factor, PKCbeta null mice subjected to oxygen deprivation displayed at most a minor elevation in Egr-1 transcripts, antigen, and intensity of the gel shift band by electrophoretic mobility shift assay, compared with normoxic animals. These data firmly establish PKCbeta as a trigger for events leading to induction of Egr-1 and tissue factor under hypoxic conditions, and provide insight into a biologic cascade whereby oxygen deprivation recruits targets of PKCbeta and Egr-1, thereby amplifying the cellular response.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, USA. sy18@columbia.edu
authors.forename: S F
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Y S
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Zou
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Kisiel
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mackman
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Leitges
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Steinberg
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Pinsky
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Stern
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D051766:Early Growth Response Protein 1; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000378:metabolism*; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D005337:Fibrin / Q000378:metabolism*; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic; D000860:Hypoxia / Q000378:metabolism*; D051793:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1; D051795:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit; D017874:Immediate-Early Proteins; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D008168:Lung / Q000201:enzymology; D016676:Macrophages, Alveolar / Q000201:enzymology; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1 / Q000378:metabolism; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D010101:Oxygen Consumption; D011493:Protein Kinase C / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D064546:Protein Kinase C beta; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D051766:Early Growth Response Protein 1; C486109:Egr1 protein, mouse; C497443:Hif1a protein, mouse; D051793:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1; D051795:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit; D017874:Immediate-Early Proteins; D007527:Isoenzymes; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors; D005337:Fibrin; D011493:Protein Kinase C; D064546:Protein Kinase C beta; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases