title: Maternal urine beta-core hCG fragment level and small for gestational age neonates.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether second-trimester urine beta-core fragments of hCG predict small for gestational age (SGA) neonates.
  
  
  METHODS
  Spot urine beta-core levels were measured in 733 nonhypertensive women with singleton pregnancies who presented for amniocentesis and had karyotypically normal fetuses. The beta-core level was standardized to urine creatinine and expressed as multiples of the median. The area under a receiver operating characteristics curve was used to determine the screening efficiency of the urine analyte for prediction of small for gestational age (SGA) births. In a subgroup of cases, serum markers (alpha-fetoprotein [AFP], hCG, and unconjugated estriol) were compared using stepwise regression analysis to urine beta-core fragment for SGA prediction.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were 23 (3.0%) SGA neonates. The mean +/- standard deviation (SD) gestation at urine collection was 16.4 +/- 1.3 weeks and collection to delivery interval was 23.0 +/- 2.2 weeks. Mean beta-core (+/- SD) fragment levels were significantly higher in those who later had SGA infants compared with appropriately grown infants (2982.8 ng/mg creatinine versus 1447.4 ng/mg creatinine, P <.001). Stepwise logistic regression found that urine beta-core fragment and serum AFP were the only significant predictors of SGA, with statistically significant chi(2) values (P <.001 and P =.038, respectively). The urine analyte was significantly superior. Second-trimester urine beta-core fragment had a 78.3% sensitivity and 70% specificity for SGA prediction. Exclusion of preeclamptic cases resulted in a sensitivity of 84.2% and a specificity of 71.2%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Second-trimester elevated maternal urine beta-core fragment of hCG predicted SGA infants, and was superior to other serum analytes in that prediction.
authors.affiliation: Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8063, USA.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bahado-Singh
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Oz
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Flores
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hsu
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Mari
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cole
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D018997:Chorionic Gonadotropin, beta Subunit, Human / Q000652:urine*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007236:Infant, Small for Gestational Age; D016015:Logistic Models; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011247:Pregnancy / Q000652:urine*; D011262:Pregnancy Trimester, Second / Q000652:urine; D011296:Prenatal Diagnosis / Q000379:methods*; D012372:ROC Curve; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
chemical_list: D018997:Chorionic Gonadotropin, beta Subunit, Human