title: Periprosthetic breast capsules contain the fibrogenic cytokines TGF-beta1 and TGF-beta2, suggesting possible new treatment approaches.
abstract: Periprosthetic breast capsules composed of fibrotic collagenous material with increased collagen production are not dissimilar to other fibrotic conditions occurring in other organs. Fibrosis in the lung, liver, kidney, and skin has been associated with overproduction of the fibrogenic isoforms of transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta1 and TGF-beta2). If periprosthetic breast capsules contained high levels of these cytokines, possibly new treatment approaches for capsular contraction could be proposed. Breast implant capsules of 35 patients harvested at the time of explantation were examined using indirect immunohistochemistry. Staining intensity for TGF-beta1 and TGF-beta2 was measured in all specimens. Immunohistochemical staining for TGF-beta1 and TGF-beta2 revealed that these two cytokines were present in all capsules analyzed. Minimal TGF-beta1 and TGF-beta2 were found in normal breast tissue. Levels of control vs. TGF-beta1 and control vs. TGF-beta2 were significant (p = 0.004 and p < 0.001 respectively). The presence of TGF-beta isoforms that are known to be fibrogenic may suggest new therapeutic approaches, which are being investigated for other fibrotic conditions.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Tissue Regeneration Repair and Rehabilitation, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bay Pines, FL 33744, USA.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kuhn
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.forename: P D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ko
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Falcone
authors.forename: W G
authors.initials: WG
authors.lastname: Lyle
authors.forename: S P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Maggi
authors.forename: K E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Wells
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Robson
mesh_terms: D001940:Breast / Q000737:chemistry; D018427:Breast Implants; D005260:Female; D005355:Fibrosis; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D020033:Protein Isoforms; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D020033:Protein Isoforms; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta