title: Association study between genetic polymorphisms in the 14-3-3 eta chain and dopamine D4 receptor genes and alcoholism.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The dopaminergic system may be involved in the development of alcoholism. As part of our ongoing studies on the association between alcoholism and dopaminergic genes, we report herein a mutation analysis of the 14-3-3 eta chain gene (YWHAH) and an association study between alcoholism and the YWHAH and dopamine D4 receptor gene (DRD4) polymorphisms.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nucleotide mutations were investigated using single-strand conformation polymorphism methods. Associations were analyzed using a case-control design involving 185 Japanese alcoholics and 286 Japanese controls.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Five polymorphisms, -147G>A, -134(GCCTGCA)2-4, IVS1+31(G)7-8, IVS1+73-74ins(G), and 753A>G, were detected on the YWHAH, and three of them were novel. No significant associations were found between alcoholism and these polymorphisms or two additional polymorphisms on DRD4 exon III and DRD4 -521C/T.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  YWHAH and DRD4 do not appear to play a major role in the development of alcoholism.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ishiguro
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Saito
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shibuya
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Arinami
mesh_terms: D048948:14-3-3 Proteins; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000437:Alcoholism / Q000235:genetics*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009154:Mutation; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic / Q000235:genetics*; D011506:Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D017448:Receptors, Dopamine D2 / Q000235:genetics*; D050638:Receptors, Dopamine D4; D014446:Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase
chemical_list: D048948:14-3-3 Proteins; C493599:DRD4 protein, human; D011506:Proteins; D017448:Receptors, Dopamine D2; C482984:YWHAH protein, human; D050638:Receptors, Dopamine D4; D014446:Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase