title: Equal distribution of congenital blood cell chimerism in dizygotic triplets after in-vitro fertilization.
abstract: The special situation of multiple pregnancies following IVF has led to a growing interest in the assessment of embryonal development by means of molecular genetics. We report a case of congenital blood chimerism in dizygotic triplets (two boys, one girl) present in erythrocytes and leukocytes in both sexes. Routine pre-operative blood serology of the 6 year old female triplet revealed chimerism of the red cells. Flow cytometry of the erythrocytes and DNA analysis of the leukocytes demonstrated that all three children had the same proportions of male and female cells. Fluorescent in-situ hybridization (FISH) analyses revealed Y chromosomes in 84% of the girl's leukocytes and in 89/92% of the two boys' leukocytes. The true genetic lines were determined by analysing polymorphism of serum groups (glycoprotein, transferrin, protease inhibitor and plasminogen) secreted by non-haematopoetic tissue, by blood group typing of hair roots and by DNA analysis of endothelial cells. Evidently placental anastomoses allowed a reciprocal intra-uterine transfusion of blood stem cells in the triplets.
authors.affiliation: Department of Transfusion Medicine, Forensic Medicine, Human Genetics, Immunology and Paediatrics, University of Kiel Medical School, Michaelisstrasse 5, D-24105 Kiel, Germany.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kühl-Burmeister
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Simeoni
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Weber-Matthiesen
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Milde
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Herwartz
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Neppert
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Suttorp
mesh_terms: D001789:Blood Group Antigens / Q000235:genetics*; D002648:Child; D002678:Chimera; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D005819:Genetic Markers; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007621:Karyotyping; D007962:Leukocytes / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012150:Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length; D011247:Pregnancy; D012204:Rh-Hr Blood-Group System / Q000235:genetics; D014310:Triplets; D014429:Twins, Dizygotic / Q000235:genetics*; D014998:Y Chromosome
chemical_list: D001789:Blood Group Antigens; D005819:Genetic Markers; D012204:Rh-Hr Blood-Group System