title: Mental disorders and employee sickness absence: the NEMESIS study. Netherlands Mental Health Survey and Incidence Study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study aimed to determine to what extent different forms of mental disorders are related to an increased likelihood of sickness absence and whether this increase depends on the employee's sex.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data of 3,695 employed persons aged 18-64 years from a national sample of the Dutch population were derived from the first two waves of the Netherlands Mental Health Survey and Incidence Study (NEMESIS). Mental disorders (DSM-III-R) in the past 12 months were assessed at baseline (1996). Subsequent sickness absence was assessed at the follow-up 1 year later. Somatic illnesses and age were included as controlled confounders.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Major depressive disorder, dysthymia, simple phobia and drug abuse/dependence were predictive of sickness absence in men. In women, the associations were weaker, and none of the 1-year DSM-III-R disorders was significantly related to the likelihood of sickness absence.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Mental disorders are a more important risk factor for sickness absence for male employees than for female employees. Knowledge of this sex difference can be valuable for the development of interventions aiming at reducing sickness absence rates due to mental illness.
authors.affiliation: Netherlands Institute of Mental Health and Addiction, Utrecht. slaitinen@trimbos.nl
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Laitinen-Krispijn
authors.forename: R V
authors.initials: RV
authors.lastname: Bijl
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009426:Netherlands / Q000453:epidemiology; D016017:Odds Ratio; D012307:Risk Factors; D018582:Sick Leave / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*