title: [The Mini-Mental State Examination as a selected diagnostic test for dementia: a Colombian population study. GENECO].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Folstein's Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) is widely used as screening test for cognitive impairment.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To test a Spanish version of the MMSE in a population of high illiteracy rate.
  
  
  METHODS
  Population-based survey of a stratified random sample of urban and rural residents of five regions of Colombia, followed by neurological and neuropsychological evaluation of suspect cases (phase 2). Dementia was diagnosed using DSM-IV criteria.
  
  
  RESULTS
  1,611 subjects age 50 or older filled out both the WHO Protocol for Epidemiologic Studies of Neurological Disorders and a Spanish version of the MMSE; 55.2% of them had three or less years of schooling; 536 individuals with scores below cutoff points were sent to phase 2. Of the population with satisfactory scores in MMSE 366 (34.0%) were evaluated by neurologists to exclude other neurological conditions. Twelve cases of dementia were diagnosed among individuals with scores below cutoff point and one among subjects with high scores. Age-adjusted prevalence was 8.1 per thousand subjects age 50 or over (95% CI: 3.7-12.5); and 34.2 per thousand for ages 75 or over (95% CI: 12.2-56.2). Sensitivity and specificity were 92.3 and 53.7%; 16 of the 19 questions show significant differences (p < 0.001) according to educational level. A gender gap is significant in low educational levels (p < 0.001) but not in subjects with more than five years of schooling.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  MMSE scores correlated closely with level of education. Low specificity leads to many non-demented subjects with low educational status requiring further investigation.
authors.affiliation: Unidad de Epidemiología Clínica y Bioestadística, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia. diego_rosselli@post.harvard.edu
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Rosselli
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ardila
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pradilla
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Morillo
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bautista
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Rey
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Camacho
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis; D003105:Colombia / Q000453:epidemiology; D003704:Dementia / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology; D004522:Educational Status; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D011159:Population Surveillance; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012720:Severity of Illness Index