title: Immunoregulation via 'bystander suppression' needs minute amounts of substances--a basis for homeopathic therapy?
abstract: One of the main characteristics of homeopathic drugs is the low concentration of substances they contain. In most discussions this serves as the predominant argument against homeopathic treatments. The small amount of ingredients is in most instances considered not to be able to induce significant changes in classical pharmacological models. A few years ago researchers at the Harvard Medical School in Boston observed that the auto-reactivity ofT-cells is managed by the immune system in at least two different ways that obviously were dependent upon the concentration of the antigen they encounter: If they see high concentrations of a self-antigen they are deleted (killed), but when given low doses they undergo a special kind of active inhibition (called 'bystander suppression'). We feel that this type of regulation induced by very low substance concentrations could serve as a model to explain the way in which at least some homeopathic pharmaceuticals mediate their therapeutic effects.
authors.affiliation: Department of Antihomotoxic Medicine, Biologische Heilmittel Heel GmbH, Baden-Baden, Germany.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Heine
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schmolz
mesh_terms: D006705:Homeopathy; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta