Actions without consequences: injury-related messages in children's programs.
OBJECTIVE
To characterize children's television programs in terms of their unintentional injury-related messages.


METHODS
Content analysis. Episodes representing a total of 216 unique television programs were coded for the presence of imitable unsafe behaviors without consequences.


METHODS
A census of all children's programming airing in a northeastern city during the first week of December 1996.


RESULTS
Exactly 47.0% of children's programming depicted at least 1 instance of unsafe, imitable behavior without consequences; one third had more than 3 instances. Exactly 51.0% of the programs targeted to school-age children and 33.4% of the programs targeted to preschoolers contained these unsafe behaviors. The majority (56.8%) of children's programs on basic cable television depicted unsafe behavior as compared with 23.1% of programs shown on public television. Cartoon programs depicted the most unsafe behaviors (60.3%), as compared with live-action programs (33.4%) and other genres (23.3%).


CONCLUSIONS
Children's television programs depict too many unsafe behaviors without consequences. Future work should explore the role of these programs in the development of unsafe behaviors in children.
Winston
F K
FK
Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, USA.
Duyck Woolf
K
K
Jordan
A
A
Bhatia
E
E
D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015438:Health Behavior; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D012309:Risk-Taking; D012449:Safety; D013690:Television