title: A randomized trial of distant healing for skin warts.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Distant healing, a treatment that is transmitted by a healer to a patient at another location, is widely used, although good scientific evidence of its efficacy is sparse. This trial was aimed at assessing the efficacy of one form of distant healing on common skin warts.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 84 patients with warts were randomly assigned either to a group that received 6 weeks of distant healing by one of 10 experienced healers or to a control group that received a similar preliminary assessment but no distant healing. The primary outcomes were the number of warts and their mean size at the end of the treatment period. Secondary outcomes were the change in Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and patients' subjective experiences. Both the patients and the evaluator were blinded to group assignment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The baseline characteristics of the patients were similar in the distant healing (n = 41) and control groups (n = 43). The mean number and size of warts per person did not change significantly during the study. The number of warts increased by 0.2 in the healing group and decreased by 1.1 in the control group (difference [healing to control] = -1.3; 95% confidence interval = -1.0 to 3.6, P = 0.25). Six patients in the distant healing group and 8 in the control group reported a subjective improvement (P = 0.63). There were no significant between-group differences in the depression and anxiety scores.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Distant healing from experienced healers had no effect on the number or size of patients' warts.
authors.affiliation: Department of Complementary Medicine, School of Postgraduate Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: E F
authors.initials: EF
authors.lastname: Harkness
authors.forename: N C
authors.initials: NC
authors.lastname: Abbot
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ernst
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001007:Anxiety / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology; D001294:Attitude to Health; D003863:Depression / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008602:Mental Healing; D008875:Middle Aged; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013688:Telepathy; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014860:Warts / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D014945:Wound Healing