title: Efficacy of different Helicobacter pylori eradication regimens in patients affected by insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) are often affected by chronic infections; antibiotic absorption, however, may be influenced by the disease. H. pylori eradication appears to be reduced in IDDM patients. The aim of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of the most common H. pylori eradication regimens in a population of IDDM-infected patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred and seventy-two IDDM patients were evaluated. H. pylori infection was assessed through the 13C-urea breath test. Infected patients were randomly assigned to three different standard 7-day eradication regimens: 1) amoxicillin, clarithromycin, pantoprazole; 2) tinidazole, clarithromycin, ranitidine bismuth citrate; or 3) tinidazole, clarithromycin, pantoprazole. Patients in whom eradication was not successful in the first cycle were subsequently submitted to a 7-day therapy with tinidazole, tetracycline, bismuth, and pantoprazole.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirty-seven per cent of IDDM patients were infected. None of the triple therapies used provided an eradication higher than 62%. Conversely, the quadruple regimen was successful in 88% of the patients. Ten per cent of the subjects undergoing the triple therapies showed minor side effects, without significant differences among groups, whereas side effects occurred in 25% of the patients treated with the quadruple therapy (P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  IDDM patients show a low H. pylori eradication rate with a standard triple therapy regardless of the regimen utilized, the dosage and/or the duration of the therapy used appearing not to be sufficient to eradicate the infection efficiently. The use of a quadruple regimen leads to the cure of a large percentage of the infected patients in whom the eradication was unsuccessful in the first therapy, although it is accompanied by a greater incidence of minor side effects.
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Medical Pathology, Catholic University of Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gasbarrini
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Ojetti
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Pitocco
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Armuzzi
authors.forename: N G
authors.initials: NG
authors.lastname: Silveri
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pola
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ghirlanda
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gasbarrini
mesh_terms: D053799:2-Pyridinylmethylsulfinylbenzimidazoles; D000328:Adult; D000658:Amoxicillin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000897:Anti-Ulcer Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001562:Benzimidazoles / Q000008:administration & dosage; D001729:Bismuth / Q000008:administration & dosage; D017291:Clarithromycin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000150:complications*; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D016481:Helicobacter Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D016480:Helicobacter pylori; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009853:Omeprazole / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D000077402:Pantoprazole; D011899:Ranitidine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D013454:Sulfoxides / Q000008:administration & dosage; D014011:Tinidazole / Q000008:administration & dosage
chemical_list: D053799:2-Pyridinylmethylsulfinylbenzimidazoles; D000897:Anti-Ulcer Agents; D001562:Benzimidazoles; D013454:Sulfoxides; D014011:Tinidazole; D000658:Amoxicillin; D011899:Ranitidine; D000077402:Pantoprazole; D017291:Clarithromycin; D009853:Omeprazole; D001729:Bismuth