title: Correlation between chronic prostatitis syndrome and pelvic venous disease: a survey of 2,554 urologic outpatients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In this study we evaluated the association between chronic prostatitis syndrome (CPS), varicocele and hemorrhoids as manifestations of a pelvic venous disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  Our retrospective study was based upon 2,554 patients treated in two general urology clinics over the past 10 years. We have assessed the incidence of CPS among urological patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found 483 patients with CPS, representing 18.9% of the total number of visits at the outpatient clinic. In this group the percentage of varicocele and hemorrhoids was 14.69 and 8.48%, whereas in a control group these figures were 5.02 and 5.84%, respectively (p<0.001 and 0.1054). Such a difference is statistically significant and suggests a higher prevalence of varicocele in the CPS group, but this may be due to a methodological error of the retrospective study.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Only a prospective study, which is of importance due to the frequency of the disease, can give a precise answer to this question.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Urology, University of Palermo, Italy. carpavon@tin.it
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pavone
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Caldarera
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Liberti
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Miceli
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Di Trapani
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Serretta
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Porcu
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pavone-Macaluso
mesh_terms: D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002908:Chronic Disease; D015897:Comorbidity; D003625:Data Collection; D006484:Hemorrhoids / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007558:Italy / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D010045:Outpatients; D010388:Pelvis / Q000098:blood supply; D011472:Prostatitis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012016:Reference Values; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013577:Syndrome; D014646:Varicocele / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*