title: Variable sensitivity of CCR5-tropic human immunodeficiency virus type 1 isolates to inhibition by RANTES analogs.
abstract: Aminooxypentane (AOP)-RANTES efficiently and specifically blocks entry of non-syncytium-inducing (NSI), CCR5-tropic (R5) human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) into host cells. Inhibition appears to be mediated by increased intracellular retention of the CCR5 coreceptor- AOP-RANTES complex and/or competitive binding of AOP-RANTES with NSI R5 HIV-1 isolates for CCR5. Although AOP-RANTES and other beta-chemokine analogs are potent inhibitors, the extreme heterogeneity of the HIV-1 envelope glycoproteins (gp120 and gp41) and variable coreceptor usage may affect the susceptibility of variant HIV-1 strains to these drugs. Using the same peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) with all isolates, we observed a significant variation in AOP-RANTES inhibition of 13 primary NSI R5 isolates; 50% inhibitory concentrations (IC(50)) ranged from 0.04 nM with HIV-1(A-92RW009) to 1.3 nM with HIV-1(B-BaL). Experiments performed on the same isolate (HIV-1(B-BaL)) with PBMC from different donors revealed no isolate-specific variation in AOP-RANTES IC(50) values but did show a considerable difference in virus replication efficiency. Exclusive entry via the CCR5 coreceptor by these NSI R5 isolates suggests that variable inhibition by AOP-RANTES is not due to alternative coreceptor usage but rather differential CCR5 binding. Analysis of the envelope V3 loop sequence linked a threonine or arginine at position 319 (numbering based on the HXB2 genome) with AOP-RANTES resistance. With the exception of one isolate, A319 was associated with increased sensitivity to AOP-RANTES inhibition. Distribution of AOP-RANTES IC(50) values with these isolates has promoted ongoing screens for new CCR5 agonists that show broad inhibition of HIV-1 variants.
authors.affiliation: Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA.
authors.forename: V S
authors.initials: VS
authors.lastname: Torre
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Marozsan
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Albright
authors.forename: K R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Collins
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Hartley
authors.forename: R E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Offord
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Quiñones-Mateu
authors.forename: E J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Arts
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002460:Cell Line; D018946:Chemokine CCL5 / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D004352:Drug Resistance, Microbial; D015726:Giant Cells / Q000502:physiology; D015699:HIV Envelope Protein gp120 / Q000235:genetics; D019302:HIV Envelope Protein gp160 / Q000235:genetics; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000821:virology; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D020128:Inhibitory Concentration 50; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000821:virology; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000235:genetics; D019713:Receptors, CCR5 / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents; D018946:Chemokine CCL5; D015699:HIV Envelope Protein gp120; D019302:HIV Envelope Protein gp160; C059762:HIV envelope protein gp120 (305-321); D010446:Peptide Fragments; D019713:Receptors, CCR5; C111989:aminooxypentane-RANTES