title: Wrist and forearm posture from typing on split and vertically inclined computer keyboards.
abstract: A study was conducted on 90 experienced office workers to determine how commercially available alternative computer keyboards affected wrist and forearm posture. The alternative keyboards tested had the QWERTY layout of keys and were of three designs: split fixed angle, split adjustable angle, and vertically inclined (tilted or tented). When set up correctly, commercially available split keyboards reduced mean ulnar deviation of the right and left wrists from 12 degrees to within 5 degrees of a neutral position compared with a conventional keyboard. The finding that split keyboards place the wrist closer to a neutral posture in the radial/ulnar plane substantially reduces one occupational risk factor of work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs): ulnar deviation of the wrist. Applications of this research include commercially available computer keyboard designs that typists can use and ergonomists can recommend to their clients in order to minimize wrist ulnar deviation from typing.
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI 53201-1881, USA. ergo@marquette.edu
authors.forename: R W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Marklin
authors.forename: G G
authors.initials: GG
authors.lastname: Simoneau
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Monroe
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016287:Computer Peripherals; D004867:Equipment Design; D005542:Forearm / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009068:Movement / Q000502:physiology; D011187:Posture / Q000502:physiology*; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular / Q000502:physiology*; D016008:Statistical Distributions; D015443:Word Processing / Q000295:instrumentation*; D014953:Wrist / Q000502:physiology*