title: Protein-bound polysaccharide (PSK) induces cytotoxic activity in the NKL human natural killer cell line.
abstract: We studied the effect of protein-bound polysaccharide PSK on the activation of the human natural killer cell line NKL. We observed an increased natural killer cytotoxic activity against different tumor cells (K562, Daudi, and U937) when a standard 2- to 3-h 51chromium release assay was performed. The results parallel those obtained after treatment of the NKL cell line with interleukin-2. The highest cytotoxic activity was reached at a concentration of 100 microg/ml of PSK. This natural killer activation was inhibited when the PSK dose was 1,000 microg/ml. None of the cell surface markers that were analyzed by fluorescence-activated cell sorting showed variations after PSK or interleukin-2 treatment of NKL cells. These markers included CD2, CD11b, CD11c, CD18, CD16, CD54, CD56, CD98, CD25, CD122, HLA class I, HLA class II, CD94, ILT2, p58.1, p70, and NKp46. One of these markers (NKp46) is a major triggering receptor reported to be involved in the natural cytotoxicity of fresh or cultured human natural killer cells. In our study, another triggering receptor must be implicated in PSK-induced natural killer lysis. Our data suggest that PSK is an important biological response modifier of natural killer cells in vitro and may prove to be useful for the study of human natural killer cell biology.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Análisis Clínicos, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, Spain.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pedrinaci
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Algarra
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Garrido
mesh_terms: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000494:pharmacology; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000096:biosynthesis; D000954:Antigens, Surface / Q000096:biosynthesis; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D003602:Cytotoxicity, Immunologic / Q000276:immunology*; D004306:Dose-Response Relationship, Immunologic; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006801:Humans; D007155:Immunologic Factors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000494:pharmacology; D020014:K562 Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D007694:Killer Cells, Natural / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology*; D037181:Lectins, C-Type; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000096:biosynthesis; D051920:NK Cell Lectin-Like Receptor Subfamily D; D011509:Proteoglycans / Q000494:pharmacology*; D020298:U937 Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D015703:Antigens, CD; D000954:Antigens, Surface; D007155:Immunologic Factors; D007376:Interleukin-2; C497869:KLRD1 protein, human; D037181:Lectins, C-Type; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D051920:NK Cell Lectin-Like Receptor Subfamily D; D011509:Proteoglycans; C010770:polysaccharide-K