title: Investigations into pharmacological antagonism of general anaesthesia.
abstract: The effects of convulsant drugs, and of thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH), were examined on the general anaesthetic actions of ketamine, ethanol, pentobarbitone and propofol in mice. The aim was to investigate the possibility of selective antagonism, which, if seen, would provide information about the mechanism of the anaesthesia. The general anaesthetic effects of ketamine were unaffected by bicuculline; antagonism was seen with 4-aminopyridine and significant potentiation with 300 mg kg(-1) NMDLA (N-methyl-DL-aspartate). The calcium agonist, Bay K 8644, potentiated the anaesthesia produced by ketamine and antagonism of such anaesthesia was seen with TRH. A small, but significant, antagonism of the general anaesthesia produced by ethanol was seen with bicuculline, and a small, significant, potentiation with 4-aminopyridine. There was an antagonist effect of TRH, but no effect of NMDLA. Potentiation of the anaesthetic effects of pentobarbitone was seen with NMDLA and with 4-aminopyridine and the lower dose of bicuculline (2.7 mg kg(-1)) also caused potentiation. There was no significant change in the ED(50) value for pentobarbitone anaesthesia with TRH. Bicuculline did not alter the anaesthetic actions of propofol, while potentiation was seen with NMDLA and 4-aminopyridine. TRH had no significant effect on propofol anaesthetic, but Bay K 8644 at 1 mg kg(-1) significantly potentiated the anaesthesia. These results suggest that potentiation of GABA(A) transmission or inhibition of NMDA receptor-mediated transmission do not appear to play a major role in the production of general anaesthesia by the agents used.
authors.affiliation: Drug Dependence Unit, Psychology Department, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE.
authors.forename: H J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Little
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Clark
authors.forename: W P
authors.initials: WP
authors.lastname: Watson
mesh_terms: D000768:Anesthesia, General; D018681:Anesthetics, General / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D003292:Convulsants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000431:Ethanol / Q000494:pharmacology; D007649:Ketamine / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D010424:Pentobarbital / Q000494:pharmacology; D015742:Propofol / Q000494:pharmacology; D013973:Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D018681:Anesthetics, General; D003292:Convulsants; D000431:Ethanol; D013973:Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone; D007649:Ketamine; D010424:Pentobarbital; D015742:Propofol