title: The human tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP): involvement of the hemin responsive elements (HRE) in transcriptional regulation.
abstract: The biochemical properties and protein structure of the tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP), an iron-containing lysosomal glycoprotein in cells of the mononuclear phagocyte system, are well known. In contrast, little is known about the physiology and genic structure of this unique enzyme. In some diseases, like hairy cell leukemia, Gaucher's disease and osteoclastoma, cytochemically detected TRAP expression is used as a disease-associated marker. In order to begin to elucidate the regulation of this gene we generated different deletion constructs of the TRAP 5'-flanking region, placed them upstream of the luciferase reporter gene and assayed them for their ability to direct luciferase expression in human 293 cells. Treatment of these cells with the iron-modulating reagents transferrin and hemin causes opposite effects on the TRAP promoter activity. Two regulatory GAGGC tandem repeat sequences (the hemin responsive elements, HRE) within the 5'-flanking region of the human TRAP gene were identified. Studies with specific HRE-deletion constructs of the human TRAP 5'-flanking region upstream of the luciferase reporter gene document the functionality of these HRE-sequences which are apparently responsible for mediating transcriptional inhibition upon exposure to hemin. In addition to the previously published functional characterization of the murine TRAP HRE motifs, these results provide the first description of a new iron/hemin-responsive transcriptional regulation in the human TRAP gene.
authors.affiliation: DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures Department of Human and Animal Cell Cultures Braunschweig.
authors.forename: E C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Fleckenstein
authors.forename: W G
authors.initials: WG
authors.lastname: Dirks
authors.forename: H G
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Drexler
mesh_terms: D000135:Acid Phosphatase / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D002460:Cell Line; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic; D006427:Hemin / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D013644:Tartrates; D014158:Transcription, Genetic
chemical_list: D013644:Tartrates; D006427:Hemin; D000135:Acid Phosphatase; C029768:tartaric acid