title: Duplex-ultrasonographic evaluation of the common carotid artery in the resting, sedated and anesthetized horse.
abstract: The aim of this study was to determine the blood flow in the carotid artery during halothane anaesthesia by means of duplex-sonography. Seventeen warm blood horses were evaluated in dorsal and lateral recumbency and the results were compared with the values of the same horses resting and under sedation. The cross sectional area of the vessels, the time-averaged maximal blood velocity, time-averaged maximal blood flow and the resistance index were determined and the flow profile was evaluated. During halothane anesthesia the total blood flow shows a significant increase which is not dependent on the positioning of the horse. Mean blood velocity is decreased by sedation and significantly increased during anesthesia. Reduced peripheral resistance is expressed by a decline of the resistance index. After sedation and during recumbency there is an increase in diameter of the carotid artery.
authors.affiliation: Klinik fuer Nutztiere und Pferde, Veterinary Faculty, University of Berne, Switzerland.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Schmucker
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Schatzmann
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Budde
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gundel
authors.forename: C E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Jäggin
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Meier
mesh_terms: D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity / Q000187:drug effects; D002339:Carotid Arteries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D016292:Procedural Sedation / Q000662:veterinary*; D005260:Female; D006221:Halothane / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006736:Horses / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D012039:Regional Blood Flow / Q000187:drug effects; D012146:Rest / Q000502:physiology; D018608:Ultrasonography, Doppler / Q000662:veterinary; D014655:Vascular Resistance / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation; D006221:Halothane