title: Significance of glomerular deposition of C3c and C3d in IgA nephropathy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Complement activation plays an important role in the pathogenesis of IgA nephropathy. The clinico-pathological significance of the glomerular deposition of complement breakdown products, C3c and C3d in IgA nephropathy remains to be clarified.
  
  
  METHODS
  We examined the relationship between glomerular staining patterns of C3c and C3d and clinico-pathological findings with 163 patients with IgA nephropathy. Renal biopsy specimens were stained with C3c and C3d by immunofluorescence, and patients were divided into the following two groups: the intensity of C3c deposition stronger than C3d deposition, or equal to it (group A); the intensity of C3d deposition stronger than C3c deposition (group B).
  
  
  RESULTS
  In group A, the incidence of severe hematuria (over 20 urinary red blood cells in high-power field microscope (x400)) or of higher urinary fibrinogen degenerated products (over 0.1 microg/ml) was significantly higher than that in group B. In addition, group A showed a significant decrease in the glomerular filtration rate. Group A also showed a significantly higher incidence of glomerular endocapillary proliferation than in group B.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings suggest that the glomerular deposition of C3c is associated with the inflammatory active phase of glomeruli in IgA nephropathy.
authors.affiliation: Third Department of Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nakagawa
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Haneda
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Gejyo
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kikkawa
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers; D001706:Biopsy; D002455:Cell Division; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003167:Complement Activation / Q000502:physiology*; D015932:Complement C3c / Q000378:metabolism*; D015933:Complement C3d / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D005455:Fluorescent Antibody Technique; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate; D005920:Glomerular Mesangium / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D005922:Glomerulonephritis, IGA / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D006417:Hematuria / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000652:urine; D006801:Humans; D007136:Immunoglobulins / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D016482:Urinalysis
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D007136:Immunoglobulins; D015932:Complement C3c; D015933:Complement C3d