title: The effect of treatment intensification in HIV-infection: a study comparing treatment with ritonavir/saquinavir and ritonavir/saquinavir/stavudine. Prometheus Study Group.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effect of treatment with ritonavir (RTV)/saquinavir (SQV)/6 stavudine (D4T) or RTV/SQV alone, with treatment intensification if needed, in protease inhibitor- and D4T-naïve HIV-1-infected individuals.
  
  
  METHODS
  Multicentre, open-label, randomized controlled trial. Two-hundred and eight patients were randomized to receive treatment with RTV 400 mg/SQV 400 mg twice daily or RTV 400 mg/SQV 400 mg/D4T 40 mg twice daily. Intensification of study medication with reverse transcriptase inhibitors was permitted if serum HIV-RNA remained > 400 copies/ml after 12 weeks of treatment. Follow-up of this study was 48 weeks.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In a strict intention-to-treat analysis, counting all dropouts as virological failures, 63% [95% confidence interval (CI), 54-73%] of subjects in the RTV/SQV group (n = 104) reached a serum HIV-RNA < 400 copies/ml at week 48, as compared with 69% (95% CI, 60-78%) in the RTV/SQV/D4T group (n = 104; P = 0.379). In the on-treatment analysis these percentages were 88 and 91% respectively. Thirty-one patients intensified their study medication according to the protocol (28 in the RTV/SQV group, three in the RTV/SQV/D4T group). Thirty out of 31 (97%) patients had a serum HIV-RNA < 400 copies/ml at their last follow-up visit. Ten per cent of patients discontinued study medication due to adverse events.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The concept of starting with a simple, potent regimen, that could be intensified if necessary, showed good virological results after 48 weeks in this study, comparable to starting with more drugs from the beginning. Longer follow-up is needed to determine the long-term efficacy of this treatment strategy.
authors.affiliation: National AIDS Therapy Evaluation Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: E H
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Gisolf
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jurriaans
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pelgrom
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: van Wanzeele
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: van der Ende
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Brinkman
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Borst
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: de Wolf
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Japour
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Danner
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology; D017320:HIV Protease Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000097:blood; D018894:Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D019438:Ritonavir / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D019258:Saquinavir / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018119:Stavudine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D019562:Viral Load
chemical_list: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents; D017320:HIV Protease Inhibitors; D012367:RNA, Viral; D018894:Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors; D018119:Stavudine; D019258:Saquinavir; D019438:Ritonavir