title: A robotic system for blood sampling.
abstract: A robotic system to take blood samples autonomously from the forearm is presented and preliminary results are discussed which demonstrate its feasibility. Force/position profiles, while pressing a flat-headed probe against the surface of the skin, enable the determination of a vein's location to within 1 mm on a phantom. When a needle is inserted, the characteristic force/position profile, on puncturing the vein wall, is distinctive enough to implement automatic needle withdrawal to prevent overshoot. Future developments of the project are presented that provide both an autonomous blood sampling robot and a force-feedback surgical trainer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Imperial College, London, UK.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zivanovic
authors.forename: B L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Davies
mesh_terms: D000703:Analog-Digital Conversion; D019992:Databases as Topic; D004501:Education, Medical; D004867:Equipment Design; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005246:Feedback; D005542:Forearm / Q000098:blood supply; D006801:Humans; D008953:Models, Anatomic; D009339:Needles; D010173:Palpation; D018962:Phlebotomy / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D012371:Robotics / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D012815:Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted; D012867:Skin / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D012984:Software; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D014584:User-Computer Interface; D014680:Veins / Q000033:anatomy & histology