title: Efficacy of acupuncture as a treatment for tinnitus: a systematic review.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Tinnitus is a prevalent condition for which patients may seek treatment with acupuncture since no conventional treatment has been shown to be effective.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To summarize and critically review all randomized controlled trials on the efficacy of acupuncture as a treatment for tinnitus.
  
  
  METHODS
  Four independent computerized literature searches (MEDLINE, Cochrane Controlled Trials Register, Embase, and CISCOM) were conducted in December 1998 using the key words acupuncture and tinnitus.
  
  
  METHODS
  All randomized controlled trials that compared any form of acupuncture with any control intervention in the treatment of tinnitus were included.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were extracted by 2 authors independently. The methodological quality of the included randomized controlled trials was assessed using the Jadad score.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Six randomized controlled trials were included in the review, 4 of which used crossover design. Four studies used manual acupuncture and 2 used electroacupuncture. Five of 6 studies used inconsistent acupoints. Three studies scored 3 points or more on the Jadad scale.
  
  
  METHODS
  Outcome measurements were visual analog scale scores for loudness, annoyance, and awareness of tinnitus; subjective severity scale scores for tinnitus; or Nottingham Health Profile scores.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Two unblinded studies showed a positive result, whereas 4 blinded studies showed no significant effect of acupuncture.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Acupuncture has not been demonstrated to be efficacious as a treatment for tinnitus on the evidence of rigorous randomized controlled trials.
authors.affiliation: Department of Complementary Medicine, School of Postgraduate Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Exeter, England. J.B.Park@exeter.ac.uk
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: White
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ernst
mesh_terms: D015670:Acupuncture Therapy; D006801:Humans; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D012107:Research Design; D014012:Tinnitus / Q000628:therapy*