title: Prescription of proton pump inhibitors before endoscopy. A potential cause of missed diagnosis of early gastric cancers.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Early gastric cancer is frequently seen with nonspecific dyspeptic symptoms and subtle endoscopic features. Treatment at this stage of the disease produces a high chance of cure. If the diagnosis is missed at this early stage, then the prognosis may be much poorer depending on the subsequent delay in reaching a diagnosis.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To report the healing effect of proton pump inhibitors on early gastric cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  This article reports a case series of 7 patients with ulcerated early gastric cancers indistinguishable as malignant gastric ulcers at endoscopy who were inadvertently prescribed a short course of a proton pump inhibitor prior to a second confirmatory endoscopy. The cases studied were patients with dyspeptic symptoms referred from primary care physicians for upper gastrointestinal endoscopy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In each case the patient became asymptomatic, the endoscopic signs seen at the first endoscopy had resolved, and the lesions could not be recognized even by an experienced endoscopist. If the proton pump inhibitors had been prescribed by the referring physician before the first endoscopy, the diagnosis probably would have been missed. These cases demonstrate the potentially serious masking effect of prescribing a short course of these drugs before making an endoscopic diagnosis. Even though the patient has been referred for endoscopy, the endoscopist may fail to identify the lesion and thus miss the diagnosis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Primary care physicians must resist the pressures to prescribe proton pump inhibitors before endoscopy, particularly in patients older than 45 years, if the diagnostic yield of gastric cancer in the early curable stages is to be maximized.
authors.affiliation: Northern Oesophago-Gastric Cancer Unit, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Queen Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne, England.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wayman
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hayes
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Raimes
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Griffin
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000897:Anti-Ulcer Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003951:Diagnostic Errors; D016099:Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009853:Omeprazole / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D054328:Proton Pump Inhibitors; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis*
chemical_list: D000897:Anti-Ulcer Agents; D054328:Proton Pump Inhibitors; D009853:Omeprazole