title: Electrophysiology findings in a large family with central areolar choroidal dystrophy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To perform an electrophysiological study of central areolar choroidal dystrophy (CACD) in the affected members of a four generation family.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eight affected family members from the last three generations of a family affected by CACD were assessed by full-field electroretinograms (rod response, maximal combined response, oscillatory potentials, single-flash cone response and 30 Hz flicker responses) and electro-oculograms. In addition three members of the youngest generation, who were visually asymptomatic, had pattern visual evoked potentials (PVEPs) and pattern electroretinograms (PERGs) performed. Affected status had been determined previously by genetic analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Three youngest generation family members, who were considered affected by genetic haplotype analysis, had no visible optic nerve or retinal abnormalities. All of these subjects had abnormal PVEPs and PERGs in both eyes. Abnormalities were also detected in two of these subject's Rod ERGs, Cone ERGs and one of these subject's Maximal ERGs and 30 Hz ERGs. Electrophysiological examination in the older generations demonstrated a similar, more advanced, cone and rod dysfunction.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  All affected, but clinically normal, youngest generation patients had bilaterally abnormal PVEPs and PERGs. In CACD the PVEP and PERG proved to be the most sensitive electrophysiological tests of preclincial macular dysfunction, 3/3 subjects abnormal. ERG recording to ISCEV guidelines were very useful in these cases; 7/8 subjects abnormal. The EOG was less useful; 4/8 subjects abnormal. CACD produces a widespread photoreceptor dysfunction in its later stages.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK.
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Lotery
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Silvestri
authors.forename: A D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Collins
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002829:Choroid / Q000473:pathology; D015862:Choroid Diseases / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D004585:Electrooculography; D004596:Electroretinography; D005074:Evoked Potentials, Visual; D005451:Fluorescein Angiography; D005654:Fundus Oculi; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D010375:Pedigree; D010857:Pigment Epithelium of Eye / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D017949:Retinal Cone Photoreceptor Cells / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D017948:Retinal Rod Photoreceptor Cells / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*