title: 15-Lipoxygenation of leukotriene A(4). Studies Of 12- and 15-lipoxygenase efficiency to catalyze lipoxin formation.
abstract: The unstable epoxide leukotriene (LT) A(4) is a key intermediate in leukotriene biosynthesis, but may also be transformed to lipoxins via a second lipoxygenation at C-15. The capacity of various 12- and 15-lipoxygenases, including porcine leukocyte 12-lipoxygenase, a human recombinant platelet 12-lipoxygenase preparation, human platelet cytosolic fraction, rabbit reticulocyte 15-lipoxygenase, soybean 15-lipoxygenase and human eosinophil cytosolic fraction, to catalyze conversion of LTA(4) to lipoxins was investigated and standardized against the ability of the enzymes to transform arachidonic acid to 12- or 15-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids (HETE), respectively. The highest ratio between the capacity to produce lipoxins and HETE (LX/HETE ratio) was obtained for porcine leukocyte 12-lipoxygenase with an LX/HETE ratio of 0.3. In addition, the human platelet 100000xg supernatant 12-lipoxygenase preparation and the human platelet recombinant 12-lipoxygenase and human eosinophil 100000xg supernatant 15-lipoxygenase preparation possessed considerable capacity to produce lipoxins (ratio 0.07, 0.01 and 0.02 respectively). In contrast, lipoxin formation by the rabbit reticulocyte and soybean 15-lipoxygenases was much less pronounced (LX/HETE ratios <0.002). Kinetic studies of the human lipoxygenases revealed lower apparent K(m) for LTA(4) (9-27 microM), as compared to the other lipoxygenases tested (58-83 microM). The recombinant human 12-lipoxygenase demonstrated the lowest K(m) value for LTA(4) (9 microM) whereas the porcine leukocyte 12-lipoxygenase had the highest V(max). The profile of products was identical, irrespective of the lipoxygenase used. Thus, LXA(4) and 6S-LXA(4) together with the all-trans LXA(4) and LXB(4) isomers were isolated. Production of LXB(4) was not observed with any of the lipoxygenases. The lipoxygenase inhibitor cinnamyl-3,4-dihydroxy-alpha-cyanocinnamate was considerably more efficient to inhibit conversion of LTA(4) to lipoxins, as compared to the inhibitory effect on 12-HETE formation from arachidonic acid (IC(50) 1 and 50 microM, respectively) in the human platelet cytosolic fraction.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Division of Physiological Chemistry II, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 77, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tornhamre
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Elmqvist
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Lindgren
mesh_terms: D019377:12-Hydroxy-5,8,10,14-eicosatetraenoic Acid / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D000818:Animals; D001092:Arachidonate 12-Lipoxygenase / Q000378:metabolism*; D001093:Arachidonate 15-Lipoxygenase / Q000378:metabolism*; D016718:Arachidonic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D001792:Blood Platelets / Q000201:enzymology; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D006893:Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic Acids / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D007962:Leukocytes / Q000201:enzymology; D017572:Leukotriene A4 / Q000378:metabolism*; D044045:Lipoxins; D011817:Rabbits; D012156:Reticulocytes / Q000201:enzymology; D013552:Swine
chemical_list: D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D006893:Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic Acids; D017572:Leukotriene A4; D044045:Lipoxins; C040527:lipoxin A4; D016718:Arachidonic Acid; D019377:12-Hydroxy-5,8,10,14-eicosatetraenoic Acid; C025984:15-hydroxy-5,8,11,13-eicosatetraenoic acid; C042651:lipoxin B4; D001092:Arachidonate 12-Lipoxygenase; D001093:Arachidonate 15-Lipoxygenase