title: Treatment of spit tobacco users with transdermal nicotine system and mint snuff.
abstract: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of nicotine patch and mint snuff (a nonnicotine product) on craving, withdrawal symptoms, and treatment outcome. This study involved a 2 x 2 factorial design, with Active Nicotine Versus Placebo Patch as one of the factors and Mint Snuff Versus No Mint Snuff as the other factor. Spit tobacco users (N = 402, n = 100-101 in each condition) were randomly assigned to 1 of the 4 treatment conditions for a period of 10 weeks. Treatment outcome was measured up to 62 weeks. The results showed that the nicotine patch was effective in increasing short-term abstinence over the placebo patch and in reducing craving and withdrawal signs and symptoms from spit tobacco. Although mint snuff was not effective in enhancing treatment outcome, it reduced craving and withdrawal symptoms. No interaction effects were observed. At this time, the use of the nicotine patch and mint snuff should be primarily considered for the reduction of craving and withdrawal symptoms.
authors.affiliation: University of Minnesota, Department of Psychiatry, Minneapolis 55455, USA. hatsu001@tc.umn.edu
authors.forename: D K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Hatsukami
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Grillo
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Boyle
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Allen
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jensen
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bliss
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Brown
mesh_terms: D000279:Administration, Cutaneous; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D019686:Lamiaceae; D009538:Nicotine / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D010947:Plants, Toxic; D013375:Substance Withdrawal Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000517:prevention & control*; D020340:Tobacco Use Cessation; D014030:Tobacco, Smokeless
chemical_list: D009538:Nicotine