title: Delta opioid receptors regulate calcium-dependent, amphetamine-evoked glutamate levels in the rat striatum: an in vivo microdialysis study.
abstract: Blockade of opioid receptors decreases amphetamine-induced behaviors and dopamine release in the striatum. Use of selective opioid receptor ligands has indicated that these effects are mediated by delta opioid receptors (DORs). However, the site of action of delta receptors and the influence of delta receptor antagonists on other neurotransmitters released by amphetamine are unknown. Therefore, the effect of reverse microdialysis of the selective delta opioid antagonist, naltrindole, on extracellular striatal glutamate levels evoked by amphetamine (2.5 mg/kg, i.p.) was investigated. Naltrindole (10-100 microM) decreased amphetamine-evoked glutamate levels in a concentration-dependent manner. The selective delta agonist, [D-Pen(2,5)]-enkephalin (100, 500 microM), reversed the effect of naltrindole, confirming that delta receptors mediated this effect. The amphetamine-evoked increase in extracellular glutamate levels was determined to be 39% calcium-sensitive by lowering the calcium concentration in the perfusate. Under these conditions, naltrindole had no effect on the calcium-independent component of amphetamine-evoked glutamate levels. These data indicate that intrastriatal DORs modulate a calcium-dependent, amphetamine-evoked component of extracellular glutamate levels that may depend on activation of a transsynaptic basal ganglia-thalamo-cortical loop.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, East Carolina University School of Medicine, Greenville, NC 27858-4354, USA.
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Rawls
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: McGinty
mesh_terms: D000661:Amphetamine / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D002118:Calcium / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003342:Corpus Striatum / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D015259:Dopamine Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018492:Dopamine Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D018698:Glutamic Acid / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D017551:Microdialysis; D009271:Naltrexone / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D009292:Narcotic Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D017465:Receptors, Opioid, delta / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D015259:Dopamine Agents; D018492:Dopamine Antagonists; D009292:Narcotic Antagonists; D017465:Receptors, Opioid, delta; D018698:Glutamic Acid; D009271:Naltrexone; D000661:Amphetamine; C055382:naltrindole; D002118:Calcium