title: Effects of H1 antagonists on cholinomimetic-induced tremulous jaw movements: studies of diphenhydramine, doxepin, and mepyramine.
abstract: In several previous studies, tremulous jaw movements in rats have been used to assess the effects of antiparkinsonian drugs and atypical antipsychotics. Because antihistamines such as diphenhydramine are used as antiparkinsonian agents, and atypical antipsychotic drugs such as clozapine and olanzapine have high affinity for histamine H1 receptors, the present study investigated the effects of H1 antagonists on cholinomimetic-induced jaw movements. Diphenhydramine, doxepin, and mepyramine (all injected IP 2.5-20.0 mg/kg) were assessed for their ability to block the jaw movements induced by 5.0 mg/kg of the anticholinesterase tacrine. Within this dose range, only diphenhydramine produced a robust and significant reduction in jaw movement activity. Thus, diphenhydramine was subjected to further testing, which employed procedures previously used to assess the effects of other antitremorogenic drugs, such as clozapine. Diphenhydramine did not induce jaw movement activity. In addition to suppressing jaw movement activity after acute injections, diphenhydramine also suppressed tacrine-induced jaw movements after repeated (14-day) administration. In summary, the present results show that diphenhydramine suppresses cholinomimetic-induced jaw movements, an effect that is similar to other antiparkinsonian or antitremor drugs such as anticholinergics, L-DOPA, DA antagonists, and clozapine. Nevertheless, doxepin produced only mild effects, and mepyramine, which has a higher affinity and selectivity than diphenhydramine for H1 receptors, failed to suppress cholinomimetic-induced jaw movements. These results suggest that diphenhydramine suppresses tremulous movements through a mechanism that does not depend upon antagonism of histamine H1 receptors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269-1020, USA.
authors.forename: B B
authors.initials: BB
authors.lastname: Carlson
authors.forename: J T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Trevitt
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Salamone
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000929:Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D001569:Benzodiazepines; D018678:Cholinergic Agents / Q000633:toxicity*; D003024:Clozapine / Q000494:pharmacology; D004155:Diphenhydramine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004316:Doxepin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006634:Histamine H1 Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007568:Jaw / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D009068:Movement / Q000187:drug effects; D000077152:Olanzapine; D010890:Pirenzepine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D011738:Pyrilamine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D011969:Receptors, Histamine H1 / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D011976:Receptors, Muscarinic / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D013619:Tacrine / Q000494:pharmacology; D014202:Tremor / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000517:prevention & control*
chemical_list: D000929:Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents; D018678:Cholinergic Agents; D006634:Histamine H1 Antagonists; D011969:Receptors, Histamine H1; D011976:Receptors, Muscarinic; D001569:Benzodiazepines; D004316:Doxepin; D010890:Pirenzepine; D013619:Tacrine; D004155:Diphenhydramine; D011738:Pyrilamine; D003024:Clozapine; D000077152:Olanzapine