title: Dietary restriction reduces hepatocyte proliferation and enhances p53 expression but does not increase apoptosis in normal rats during development.
abstract: Dietary restriction (DR) retards physical growth, resulting in small body size, reduced liver weight and reduced number of hepatocytes in rats. We examined the effects of DR on proliferation and apoptosis of hepatocytes during development and explained these changes subcellularly using immunohistochemistry for bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and p53, terminal dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) and quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for TGFalpha, TGFbeta1, p53, Fas and TNF receptor (TNFr). Tissue samples included the livers of 3-month-old male Fischer 344 rats fed ad libitum (AL) or on 70% DR. DR significantly reduced the proportions of BrdU-positive and PCNA-strongly-positive hepatocytes compared with AL rats but not the proportions of PCNA-positive hepatocytes and TUNEL-positive hepatocytes. On the other hand, DR enhanced the expression of p53 and Fas mRNAs but failed to influence the expression of TGFalpha, TGFbeta1 and TNFr mRNAs. Moreover, DR significantly increased the proportion of p53-positive hepatocytes. Our findings suggest that DR suppresses the proliferation of hepatocytes, resulting in a reduced number of hepatocytes during development. This process may be mediated by overexpression of p53 suppressor gene. While DR accelerates the expression of Fas antigen, this result does not influence the rate of apoptosis of hepatocytes under physiological conditions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Nagasaki University School of Medicine, Japan. higami@net.nagasaki-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Higami
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Shimokawa
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ando
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tsuchiya
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000963:Antimetabolites / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000502:physiology*; D001973:Bromodeoxyuridine / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D002455:Cell Division / Q000502:physiology; D004435:Eating / Q000502:physiology*; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental / Q000502:physiology; D020287:In Situ Nick-End Labeling; D008099:Liver / Q000737:chemistry / Q000166:cytology* / Q000254:growth & development; D008297:Male; D018809:Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen / Q000032:analysis; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D051381:Rats; D011916:Rats, Inbred F344; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D016211:Transforming Growth Factor alpha / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics*; D019014:fas Receptor / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D000963:Antimetabolites; D018809:Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor; D016211:Transforming Growth Factor alpha; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53; D019014:fas Receptor; D001973:Bromodeoxyuridine