title: Limitations of magnetic resonance imaging in the evaluation of perineural tumor spread causing facial nerve paralysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To present and discuss the clinical presentation and treatment in patients with long-duration unilateral facial paralysis and normal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings.
  
  
  METHODS
  Case series.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ear, nose, and throat department of the University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 486 patients with unilateral facial paralysis who were treated from 1986 to 1998. Besides the usual diagnostic workup, a complete electrophysiological evaluation, including investigations such as needle electromyography and neuromyography (also known as electroneurography), of the facial nerve was performed at repeated intervals. In 19 patients, a malignant tumor was delineated with ultrasonography or MRI. In 8 of these patients, the initially performed MRI did not detect any parotid gland lesion causing the paralysis, whereas long duration of the paralysis and electroneurography indicated malignancy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Exploration surgery was performed as total parotidectomy in these 8 patients and malignant parotid gland tumors were proved in all 8 patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Individuals with facial nerve paralysis without any signs of regeneration 6 months after the onset of paralysis and/or persistent electrophysiological evidence of ongoing neuronal degeneration should undergo surgical exploration of the parotid gland and facial nerve, even if MRI studies show no tumoral lesion.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Cologne Medical School, Germany.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jungehuelsing
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sittel
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Fischbach
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wagner
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Stennert
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003528:Carcinoma, Adenoid Cystic / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis; D003287:Contrast Media; D005158:Facial Paralysis / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D019786:Gadolinium DTPA; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010306:Parotid Gland / Q000473:pathology; D010307:Parotid Neoplasms / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D019786:Gadolinium DTPA