title: Continuous infusion of gentamicin into the tarsocrural joint of horses.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To develop a method for continuous infusion of gentamicin into the tarsocrural joint of horses, to determine pharmacokinetics of gentamicin in synovial fluid of the tarsocrural joint during continuous infusion, and to evaluate effects of continuous infusion of gentamicin on characteristics of the synovial fluid.
  
  
  METHODS
  12 healthy adult horses.
  
  
  METHODS
  An infusion catheter consisting of flow control tubing connected to a balloon infuser was used. Gentamicin solution (100 mg/ml) was infused in the right tarsocrural joint and balanced electrolyte solution was infused in the left tarsocrural joint for 5 days. Synovial fluid and serum gentamicin concentrations were measured by use of a fluorescence polarization immunoassay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  17 of the 24 (71%) infusion catheters initially placed functioned without complications for the entire 5-day infusion period. Median gentamicin concentration in synovial fluid from treated joints during the 5-day infusion period ranged from 2875 to 982 microg/ml. Median serum gentamicin concentration during this period ranged from 2.31 to 2.59 microg/ml. Mean (+/- SD) elimination half-life and total clearance of gentamicin from the synovial fluid were 6.25+/-1.01 hours and 1.52+/-0.96 ml/min, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  An infusion catheter can be used for continuous infusion of gentamicin into the tarsocrural joints of horses for up to 5 days. At a gentamicin dosage of 0.17+/-0.02 mg/kg/h, continuous intra-articular infusion results in synovial fluid gentamicin concentrations greater than 100 times the minimal inhibitory concentration reported for common equine pathogens.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
authors.forename: T B
authors.initials: TB
authors.lastname: Lescun
authors.forename: S B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Adams
authors.forename: C C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: R P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Bill
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D002404:Catheterization; D005260:Female; D005839:Gentamicins / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D006736:Horses / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D007596:Joints; D008297:Male; D009985:Orthopedics / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary*; D013582:Synovial Fluid / Q000737:chemistry; D013643:Tarsus, Animal
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D005839:Gentamicins