title: Influence of dose and beverage type instructions on alcohol outcome expectancies of DUI offenders.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To test the hypothesis that self-reported alcohol outcome expectancies are situationally specific beliefs that vary depending on contextual variables, such as the quantity and type of beverage one is instructed to imagine consuming.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred thirty DUI offenders attending a 72-hour weekend program were randomly assigned to either a "small dose" or "large dose" instruction condition and then completed five versions of the Comprehensive Effects of Alcohol scale, a separate version for each of five beverage types ("alcohol," "beer," "wine," "mixed drinks" and "straight liquor").
  
  
  RESULTS
  Two separate 2 (dose) x 5 (beverage type) ANOVAs revealed that positive and negative expectancies varied significantly as a function of both dose and beverage type. Specifically, participants endorsed more positive outcomes and more negative outcomes when they imagined drinking a large amount versus a small amount. In addition, participants endorsed significantly more positive expectancies for beer and mixed drinks than for wine. They endorsed the largest number of negative expectancies for straight liquor and the fewest for wine.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Expectancies are to some degree context-bound and researchers and clinicians should consider providing explicit dose and beverage type instructions to research participants and clients when they use self-report questionnaires to assess alcohol outcome expectancies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Bowling Green State University, Ohio 43403, USA.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Guarna
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Rosenberg
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence*; D019973:Alcohol-Related Disorders / Q000523:psychology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D000434:Alcoholic Beverages; D001334:Automobile Driving / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D006266:Health Education; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012718:Set, Psychology