title: Comparison of solvents for removing pesticides from skin using an in vitro porcine model.
abstract: This study compared four solvents (1-propanol, polyethylene glycol [avg. MW 400], 10% Ivory Liquid and water, and D-TAM) for their ability to remove selected pesticides from an in vitro porcine skin model using a solvent-moistened wipe. Wipes were performed 90 min after pesticide was applied to the skin. The four pesticides selected (glyphosate, alachlor, methyl parathion, and trifluralin) were chosen because of their differences in water solubility. This study also determined whether pretreatment of skin with a solvent prior to pesticide application would either increase or decrease recovery of the pesticide. Recovery efficiencies for all solvents and pesticides were affected by the amount of contaminant on the skin. Although pesticide recoveries from all four solvents were similar (range: 45-57%), on average 1-propanol had significantly higher recoveries, followed by soap and water. There was no significant difference between polyethylene glycol, and D-TAM. When skin was pretreated with any of the four solvents before pesticide application, the recoveries of the more water soluble compounds, glyphosate and alachlor, decreased. When pretreatment with solvent preceded application of trifluralin, the pesticide with the lowest water solubility, recoveries increased. 1-Propanol or soap and water were more effective in removing pesticides from skin than polyethylene glycol or D-TAM, but the amount of pesticide recovered from skin was affected by the chemical characteristics of the pesticide (such as water solubility) and the amount of pesticide originally on the skin. This study provides information useful to the interpretation of skin wipe sample results collected in field studies.
authors.affiliation: University of Georgia, Athens 30602, USA.
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Campbell
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Eiteman
authors.forename: P L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: M F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Boeniger
mesh_terms: D000433:1-Propanol / Q000737:chemistry; D000818:Animals; D003666:Decontamination / Q000379:methods; D003902:Detergents / Q000737:chemistry; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000517:prevention & control*; D010575:Pesticides / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols / Q000737:chemistry; D012867:Skin; D012997:Solvents / Q000737:chemistry*; D013552:Swine
chemical_list: D003902:Detergents; D010575:Pesticides; D012997:Solvents; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; D000433:1-Propanol