title: Interaction between antibiotics and non-conventional antibiotics on bacteria.
abstract: The individual activity of antibiotics such as ampicillin, tetracycline, erythromycin and gentamicin in combination with compounds known to modify bacterial resistance to given antibiotics was studied using the checkerboard method. The combination of promethazine with either ampicillin, tetracycline or erythromycin or the combination of methylene blue and erythromycin produced significant synergistic activity against Escherichia coli. Verapamil, however, in combination with ampicillin reduced the activity of ampicillin against E. coli. Combinations of clomipramine with either tetracycline or erythromycin, promethazine and erythromycin or verapamil and ampicillin were synergistic against Staphylococcus epidermidis that was resistant to these antibiotics. The only synergy against Pseudomonas aeruginosa was shown by the combination of methylene blue and gentamicin.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Albert Szent-Gybrgyi Medical University, Szeged, Hungary.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gunics
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Motohashi
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Amaral
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Farkas
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Molnár
mesh_terms: D000667:Ampicillin / Q000494:pharmacology; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000892:Anti-Infective Agents, Urinary / Q000494:pharmacology; D000982:Antipruritics / Q000494:pharmacology; D001419:Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects*; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers / Q000494:pharmacology; D002997:Clomipramine / Q000494:pharmacology; D004338:Drug Combinations; D004347:Drug Interactions; D004352:Drug Resistance, Microbial; D004917:Erythromycin / Q000494:pharmacology; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000187:drug effects; D005839:Gentamicins / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D008751:Methylene Blue / Q000494:pharmacology; D011398:Promethazine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011550:Pseudomonas aeruginosa / Q000187:drug effects; D017367:Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D013212:Staphylococcus epidermidis / Q000187:drug effects; D013752:Tetracycline / Q000494:pharmacology; D014700:Verapamil / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000667:Ampicillin; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000892:Anti-Infective Agents, Urinary; D000982:Antipruritics; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers; D002997:Clomipramine; D004338:Drug Combinations; D004917:Erythromycin; D005839:Gentamicins; D008751:Methylene Blue; D011398:Promethazine; D017367:Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors; D013752:Tetracycline; D014700:Verapamil