title: A histochemical investigation of the bone formation process by guided bone regeneration in rat jaws. Effect of PTFE membrane application periods on newly formed bone.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Guided bone regeneration (GBR) has been widely utilized for the promotion of bone augmentation in bone loss areas. However, little information has been available regarding chronological changes in newly formed bone and alterations in the nature of newly formed bone after removal of a barrier membrane. The present study attempted to establish a GBR model for rat maxillae. We also examined the effects of membrane application periods on newly formed bone and its remodeling process after removal of the membrane in this experimental model.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-five Wistar rats were divided into 2 groups: a membrane application group and a membrane removal group. The chronological changes of newly formed bone were evaluated histologically and statistically.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At 2 weeks after the GBR procedure, bony cavities had completely filled the newly formed bone in the experimental side. In the control side, corticalization on the surface of the newly formed bone proceeded with a decrease in the bone marrow cavity, whereas the bone marrow space had enlarged by 12 weeks post-surgery in the experimental side. In the membrane removal group, the osteoblasts appeared on newly formed bone at 1 week after membrane removal. Comparatively thick compact bone had formed on the surface of the newly formed bone at 4 weeks after membrane removal, and corticalization proceeded later.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The long-term application of a barrier membrane induces the enlargement of the bone marrow spaces. We suggest that PTFE membrane removal in adequate time promotes the corticalization and maturation of the newly formed bone by the GBR technique.
authors.affiliation: Department of Fixed Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Niigata University, Japan. ohnishi@denti.niigata-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ohnishi
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Fujii
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Futami
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Taguchi
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kusakari
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Maeda
mesh_terms: D000135:Acid Phosphatase / Q000032:analysis; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000032:analysis; D016301:Alveolar Bone Loss / Q000601:surgery; D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis; D001853:Bone Marrow / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D016723:Bone Remodeling / Q000502:physiology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D016557:Guided Tissue Regeneration, Periodontal / Q000379:methods; D006651:Histocytochemistry; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000032:analysis; D008297:Male; D008437:Maxilla / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000473:pathology; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000502:physiology*; D011138:Polytetrafluoroethylene; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D000071681:Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase; D013997:Time Factors; D020390:Tooth Socket / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D007527:Isoenzymes; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D011138:Polytetrafluoroethylene; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase; D000135:Acid Phosphatase; D000071681:Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase