title: Amino acid release into the knee joint: key role in nociception and inflammation.
abstract: This study examined the release of several amino acids after induction of knee joint inflammation in rats using kaolin and carrageenan. During the initial 10-min collection after knee joint injection with the irritants, the concentration of glutamate and the nitric oxide metabolites, arginine and citrulline, doubled. This increase persisted for at least two hours. During the same time period aspartate concentrations remained unchanged. Direct knee joint administration of lidocaine prevented the increases in amino acid concentration measurable by microdialysis probe inserted into the joint. These data suggest the possibility that glutamate may be released by neuronal endings in the joint.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Marine Biomedical Institute, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, 77555-1069, USA.
authors.forename: N B
authors.initials: NB
authors.lastname: Lawand
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: McNearney
authors.forename: K N
authors.initials: KN
authors.lastname: Westlund
mesh_terms: D000596:Amino Acids / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D001120:Arginine / Q000378:metabolism; D001168:Arthritis / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000378:metabolism*; D002351:Carrageenan; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D002956:Citrulline / Q000378:metabolism; D018698:Glutamic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D006614:Hindlimb / Q000502:physiology; D007270:Injections, Intra-Articular; D007596:Joints / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D007616:Kaolin; D008012:Lidocaine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D010146:Pain / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013582:Synovial Fluid / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000596:Amino Acids; D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D007616:Kaolin; D002956:Citrulline; D018698:Glutamic Acid; D002351:Carrageenan; D001120:Arginine; D008012:Lidocaine