title: [Ultrasonographic measurement of the sole horn thickness in bovine claw].
abstract: Ultrasonographic thickness measurement and imaging of sole horn and the encapsulated soft tissue layers was evaluated in 100 bovine claw specimens. The claws were trimmed and examined in longitudinal planes using a 7.5 MHz linear transducer. In each claw, ultrasonographic measurements of horn thickness of sole and distance from outer claw surface to distal phalanx surface were made at three marked points on the weightbearing surface. All claws were then frozen, transected and anatomical reference measurements were made after thawing. The sole horn, corium, subcutis and distal surface of the distal phalanx of all claws were clearly visualized. The sole horn had a heterogeneous hypoechoic appearance, the underlying soft tissue layer was predominantly anechoic. Corium and subcutis could be differentiated. Best imaging of these structures was achieved in claws with less than 10 mm sole horn thickness and soft sole horn. Statistical correlation coefficients of 0.88 to 0.91 were found for ultrasonographic and anatomical measurements of sole horn thickness. Therefore, B-mode ultrasonography proved to be an accurate, non-invasive technique for measurement of the sole horn thickness in bovine claws.
authors.affiliation: Universitätsklinik für Orthopädie bei Huf- und Klauentieren, Veterinärmedizinische Universität Wien. Johann.Kofler@vu-wien.ac.at
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kofler
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kübber
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D006724:Hoof and Claw / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D014463:Ultrasonography