title: Dietary and other non-pharmacological treatments in patients with drug-treated hypertension and control subjects.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the nutrient intakes and other lifestyle patterns of drug-treated hypertensives and control subjects.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional population-based epidemiological study.
  
  
  METHODS
  The participating study subjects visited the research laboratory of the Department of Internal Medicine of the University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 1045 Finnish men and women aged 40-60 years, of whom 716 (69%) completed 7-day food records.
  
  
  METHODS
  Intakes of energy, protein, total fat, saturated, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids, carbohydrate, alcohol, fibre, calcium, magnesium, potassium and sodium were assessed from 7-day food records. The study also included measurements of blood pressure, blood glucose and plasma lipids, and anthropometric variables. Information about alcohol consumption, smoking habits and physical activity was collected by interviewing.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Obesity was common amongst the hypertensive subjects, whose body mass indices were significantly higher than those of the control subjects. Only minor differences existed in the energy intake levels and nutrient intakes of the hypertensive and control cohorts, but the control subjects performed more physical activity than the hypertensive subjects. The dietary recommendations concerning the intakes of total and saturated fats, carbohydrate and fibre were poorly met by both the hypertensive and the control subjects. Alcohol consumption was high amongst the hypertensive men, especially amongst the smokers.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Non-pharmacological treatment, including dietary management, of hypertensive patients at high risk for cardiovascular complications seems still to be inadequate. Additional well-focused efforts are needed to intensify the dietary treatment as well as to reduce alcohol consumption and smoking amongst hypertensives.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine and the Biocentre Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland. Marja-Leena.Silaste@oulu.fi
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Silaste
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Junes
authors.forename: A O
authors.initials: AO
authors.lastname: Rantala
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kauma
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lilja
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Savolainen
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Reunanen
authors.forename: Y A
authors.initials: YA
authors.lastname: Kesäniemi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004032:Diet; D015930:Diet Records; D005260:Female; D005387:Finland; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000178:diet therapy / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000628:therapy*; D008019:Life Style; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors