title: Dietary fiber reduces the antioxidative effect of a carotenoid and alpha-tocopherol mixture on LDL oxidation ex vivo in humans.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Antioxidant concentrations in low density lipoproteins (LDL) are an important determinant for their susceptibility to oxidation and can be modulated by dietary intake.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  In the present study, the influence of dietary fiber on the antioxidant enrichment and the oxidation resistance of LDL after antioxidant supplementation is investigated.
  
  
  METHODS
  An antioxidant supplement consisting of beta-carotene, lycopene, lutein, canthaxanthin and alpha-tocopherol was given to six young women together with a standard meal. Using a cross-over study design, each subject received the standard meal without additional dietary fiber and enriched with pectin, guar, or cellulose in a random order. To determine the resistance of LDL against copper ion-induced oxidation, the formation of conjugated dienes was measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eight, 10, and 24 hours after antioxidant supplementation the isolated LDL revealed significantly (p < 0.05) increased antioxidant concentrations; addition of pectin, guar, or cellulose to the meal depressed this increase. Concomitantly, the observed increase in the resistance of LDL against oxidation (measured as lag phase) was lower with dietary fiber supplementation than that found without. On average, pectin, guar, and cellulose reduced the increase of the lag phase (measured without addition of dietary fiber) by 38%, 22%, and 18%, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results indicate that dietary fiber supplementation decreases the antioxidative effect of a supplement consisting of carotenoids and alpha-tocopherol in LDL, an effect that is likely to be mediated by a reduced bioavailability of these antioxidants in the gut.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Technical University of Munich.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hoffmann
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Linseisen
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Riedl
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Wolfram
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D019540:Area Under Curve; D016644:Canthaxanthin / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D002338:Carotenoids / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D002482:Cellulose / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004043:Dietary Fiber / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D005685:Galactans / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D014975:Lutein / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D000077276:Lycopene; D008351:Mannans / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D010368:Pectins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism; D053149:Plant Gums; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood; D014810:Vitamin E / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D019207:beta Carotene / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D004043:Dietary Fiber; D005685:Galactans; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL; D008351:Mannans; D053149:Plant Gums; D014280:Triglycerides; D019207:beta Carotene; D014810:Vitamin E; D002338:Carotenoids; D016644:Canthaxanthin; D010368:Pectins; D002482:Cellulose; D002784:Cholesterol; C007894:guar gum; D000077276:Lycopene; D014975:Lutein