title: Expression of estrogen receptors in desquamative gingivitis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Most cases of chronic desquamative gingivitis (CDG) are shown by direct immunofluorescence (DIF) to be immune mediated diseases. Some patients present with similar clinical and microscopic findings as CDG but DIF staining is negative. It has been suggested that those cases of CDG may be hormone (estrogen) mediated and may be treated with estrogens with favorable results.
  
  
  METHODS
  Gingival tissue from 24 cases of CDG and one case of ordinary gingivitis were studied for estrogen receptor (ER) expression using immunohistochemical techniques. Twenty-four of the 25 cases were female. Using standard DIF analysis, 11 of the CDG cases were diagnosed as benign mucous membrane pemphigoid, 10 as lichen planus or lichenoid mucositis (LP), and one as pemphigus. The remaining 3 cases were not diagnostic for a specific disorder (idiopathic). Five of the females had a history of estrogen substitute therapy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-two of 23 female CDG cases were positive for ER, although the degree of staining varied. A 32-year-old female with ordinary gingivitis, whose gingivitis varied with her menstrual cycle, did not stain for ER. A 50-year-old male and a 76-year-old female, both with gingival LP, also had negative staining for ER.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There appears to be no correlation between diagnosed diseases (immunological versus idiopathic) and expression of ER in CDG gingiva. ER expression in the gingiva is probably not related to the presence or absence of estrogen supplementation. The results of this study do not support the use of estrogen in the treatment of idiopathic CDG.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland 97201-3097, USA.
authors.forename: W Y
authors.initials: WY
authors.lastname: Yih
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Richardson
authors.forename: F J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Kratochvil
authors.forename: S P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Avera
authors.forename: M B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Zieper
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002908:Chronic Disease; D004396:Coloring Agents; D015914:Estrogen Replacement Therapy; D005260:Female; D019085:Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Direct; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D005891:Gingivitis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D017676:Lichen Planus, Oral / Q000175:diagnosis; D017512:Lichenoid Eruptions / Q000175:diagnosis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010390:Pemphigoid, Benign Mucous Membrane / Q000175:diagnosis; D010392:Pemphigus / Q000175:diagnosis; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen / Q000032:analysis* / Q000235:genetics; D013280:Stomatitis / Q000175:diagnosis
chemical_list: D004396:Coloring Agents; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen