title: Increased protein loss during peritonitis associated with peritoneal dialysis is neutrophil dependent.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Peritonitis in peritoneal dialysis patients is accompanied by an enhanced migration of neutrophils (PMNs) and increased protein loss into the peritoneal cavity; however, the role of PMNs in governing increased protein loss during peritonitis associated with peritoneal dialysis is unknown.
  
  
  METHODS
  We determined the importance of PMNs in governing changes in peritoneal permeability to protein in New Zealand White rabbits in which acute peritonitis was induced by adding 4 x 106 colony-forming units of Escherichia coli to 35 mL/kg of 0.9% saline dialysate. The total leukocyte and PMN migration into the peritoneal cavity was assessed by differential cell counts in the dialysate, and peritoneal permeability to protein was evaluated by calculating the dialysate to plasma concentration ratio for total protein as a function of time during a six- or eight-hour dwell. In series 1 experiments, leukocytes were depleted from the rabbit circulation by an intravenous injection of mustine (1.2 mg/kg) three days before the experiment; in series 2 experiments, integrin-dependent PMN migration into the peritoneal cavity was inhibited by an intravenous injection of monoclonal antibody (mAb) 60.3 (2 mg/kg) directed against the integrin CD18 on leukocytes five minutes before the experiment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In series 1 experiments, mustine decreased circulating leukocytes by 82 +/- 5% (mean +/- SEM) and circulating PMNs by 93 +/- 3%. Total leukocyte and PMN migration into the peritoneal cavity and peritoneal permeability to protein were decreased in mustine-treated rabbits after exposure to E. coli in the dialysate to levels similar to those found in rabbits without bacterial peritonitis. In series 2 experiments, an intravenous injection of anti-CD18 antibody also abrogated both the enhanced PMN migration into the peritoneal cavity and the increased peritoneal permeability to protein after exposure to E. coli in the dialysate.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PMN migration into the peritoneal cavity is integrin dependent. Increased protein loss during acute, gram-negative bacterial peritonitis in a rabbit model of peritoneal dialysis is PMN dependent.
authors.affiliation: Research and Medical Services, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112-5350, USA.
authors.forename: Q
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.forename: A K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Cheung
authors.forename: C D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Kamerath
authors.forename: L G
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Reimer
authors.forename: J K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Leypoldt
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000818:Animals; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000494:pharmacology; D018821:CD18 Antigens / Q000276:immunology; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000187:drug effects; D004927:Escherichia coli Infections; D007958:Leukocyte Count / Q000187:drug effects; D008466:Mechlorethamine / Q000494:pharmacology; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000473:pathology / Q000502:physiology*; D010529:Peritoneal Cavity; D010530:Peritoneal Dialysis; D010537:Peritoneum / Q000378:metabolism; D010538:Peritonitis / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology; D010539:Permeability / Q000187:drug effects; D011506:Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D011817:Rabbits; D012016:Reference Values
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D018821:CD18 Antigens; D011506:Proteins; D008466:Mechlorethamine