title: Cell cycle molecules and diseases of the cardiovascular system.
abstract: Injury to the cardiovascular system causes an elevated expression of endothelin-1 (ET-1) and activation of several important signaling pathways including the mitogen-activated kinase (MAPK) cascade. The activation of these pathways has been implicated in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease caused by hypoxia, infections, and ischemia /reperfusion injury, cardiomyopathy and restenosis after balloon angioplasty. Important downstream targets of the MAPK and ET-1 pathways are the cell cycle regulatory molecules (cyclins, cyclin-dependent kinases, and cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors). Regulation of these molecules contributes to remodeling throughout the cardiovascular system. In addition, cell cycle molecules are important in the regulation of angiogenesis. These new data have led to the development of potential therapeutic modalities targeting these regulatory molecules in order to ameliorate various cardiovascular disease states.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Division of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, New York 10461, USA.
authors.forename: S B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Petkova
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ashton
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bouzahzah
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: R G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Pestell
authors.forename: H B
authors.initials: HB
authors.lastname: Tanowitz
mesh_terms: D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000502:physiology; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D016232:Endothelins / Q000378:metabolism*; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D016232:Endothelins; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases