title: Conventional-dose chemotherapy compared with high-dose chemotherapy plus autologous hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation for metastatic breast cancer. Philadelphia Bone Marrow Transplant Group.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We conducted a randomized trial in which we compared high-dose chemotherapy plus hematopoietic stem-cell rescue with a prolonged course of monthly conventional-dose chemotherapy in women with metastatic breast cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Women 18 to 60 years of age who had metastatic breast cancer received four to six cycles of standard combination chemotherapy. Patients who had a complete or partial response to induction chemotherapy were then randomly assigned to receive either a single course of high doses of carboplatin, thiotepa, and cyclophosphamide plus transplantation of autologous hematopoietic stem cells or up to 24 cycles of cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and fluorouracil in conventional doses. The primary end point was survival.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The median follow-up was 37 months. Of 553 patients who enrolled in the study, 58 had a complete response to induction chemotherapy and 252 had a partial response. Of these, 110 patients were assigned to receive high-dose chemotherapy plus hematopoietic stem cells and 89 were assigned to receive conventional-dose chemotherapy. In an intention-to-treat analysis, we found no significant difference in survival overall at three years between the two treatment groups (32 percent in the transplantation group and 38 percent in the conventional-chemotherapy group). There was no significant difference between the two treatments in the median time to progression of the disease (9.6 months for high-dose chemotherapy plus hematopoietic stem cells and 9.0 months for conventional-dose chemotherapy).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  As compared with maintenance chemotherapy in conventional doses, high-dose chemotherapy plus autologous stem-cell transplantation soon after the induction of a complete or partial remission with conventional-dose chemotherapy does not improve survival in women with metastatic breast cancer.
authors.affiliation: Bone Marrow and Stem Cell Transplant Program, University of Pennsylvania Cancer Center, Philadelphia 19104, USA. stadtmau@mail.med.upenn.edu
authors.forename: E A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Stadtmauer
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: O'Neill
authors.forename: L J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Goldstein
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Crilley
authors.forename: K F
authors.initials: KF
authors.lastname: Mangan
authors.forename: J N
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Ingle
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Brodsky
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Martino
authors.forename: H M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Lazarus
authors.forename: J K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Erban
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sickles
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Glick
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D016190:Carboplatin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D003520:Cyclophosphamide / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D018380:Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000628:therapy; D012074:Remission Induction; D015996:Survival Rate; D013852:Thiotepa / Q000008:administration & dosage
chemical_list: D003520:Cyclophosphamide; D013852:Thiotepa; D016190:Carboplatin