title: Audiogenic kindling in the Wistar rat: a potential model for recruitment of limbic structures.
abstract: Repetitive high intensity (110 dB) sound stimulation induces a forebrain-kindling phenomenon in animals predisposed to sound induced seizures. Wistar audiogenic rats (WARs) have been reported to develop a mixed brainstem-limbic seizure pattern, after more than five to ten stimuli. Besides the original brainstem wild running and tonic-clonic seizures, new behavioral patterns appear resembling those of electrical amygdala kindling. Although audiogenic kindling is a well-known phenomenon, electrographic limbic recruitment during the kindling has never been reported. Our objective was to use electrophysiology to test the hypothesis of gradual and sequential involvement of the amygdala and then cortex during audiogenic kindling. We used video-EEG recordings with cortical and deep electrode implants (inferior colliculus and basolateral amygdaloid nuclei) during audiogenic kindling on eight WARs, and their respective controls, submitted to a protocol of three acoustic stimuli per day. A new design for 'on site' source follower circuits was used in order to minimize noise during the recording of EEG data from the wild running episode and the subsequent tonic-clonic or motor limbic seizures. The video-EEG equipment assembled allowed synchronous recordings of both behavior and EEG. WARs first recordings showed electrodecremental responses after seizure onset and a probable epileptiform activity, particularly in the inferior colliculus, during the tonic phase of seizure. All animals showed very similar polyspike-wave activity in the amygdala, after behavioral seizure patterns (Racine's scale) occurred. The morphology of such epileptiform EEG activity is very similar to that reported for electrical amygdala kindling. Also, when audiogenic kindling continued, both inferior colliculus and cortical electrodes presented high amplitude and synchronized epileptiform polyspike activity.
authors.affiliation: Physiology Department, Neurophysiology and Experimental Neuroethology Laboratory, Ribeirão Preto School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Avenida Bandeirantes 3900, 14049-900, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.
authors.forename: M F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Dutra Moraes
authors.forename: O Y
authors.initials: OY
authors.lastname: Galvis-Alonso
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Garcia-Cairasco
mesh_terms: D000161:Acoustic Stimulation; D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000502:physiology; D004569:Electroencephalography; D007696:Kindling, Neurologic / Q000502:physiology*; D008032:Limbic System / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000502:physiology*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D011999:Recruitment, Neurophysiological / Q000502:physiology*