title: The presence of security blankets or mothers (or both) affects distress during pediatric examinations.
abstract: Because of parental interference, some pediatricians prefer examining children without parents nearby. Can inanimate, noninterfering attachment agents placate children during medical evaluations? Accompanied through random assignment by their mother, blanket, mother plus blanket, or no supportive agent, 64 blanket-attached or blanket-nonattached 3-year-olds underwent 4 routine medical procedures. Behavioral and physiological measures showed that mothers and blankets (for children attached to them) equally mitigated distress compared with no supportive agents. However, simultaneously presenting 2 attachment agents did not produce additive soothing effects. For comforting blanket-attached children during moderately upsetting medical procedures, blankets can function as appropriate maternal substitutes. Distress evidenced by children with no attachment agent demonstrates the undesirability of conducting medical examinations without supportive agents.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee 53201, USA.
authors.forename: G J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Ybarra
authors.forename: R H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Passman
authors.forename: C S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Eisenberg
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D001143:Arousal; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009034:Mother-Child Relations; D009769:Object Attachment; D010808:Physical Examination / Q000523:psychology*