title: Biofilm formation on voice prostheses: influence of dairy products in vitro.
abstract: Laryngectomized patients use silicone rubber voice prostheses to regain their speech, however, the lifetime of these devices is limited due to biofilm formation. Following anecdotal evidence, the influence of various dairy products on biofilm formation on voice prostheses was studied, using the artificial throat-model. Biofilms were grown on Groningen and Provox2 voice prostheses by inoculating two artificial throats with the total microflora isolated from an explanted Groningen voice prosthesis. After 3 days, one throat was perfused three times daily with 650 ml dairy product; the other was perfused with phosphate buffered saline, used as a control. After 12 days the microflora on each voice prosthesis was determined. Perfusion of the artificial throat with buttermilk three times daily for 9 days reduced the amount of bacteria and yeasts in the biofilm on Groningen voice prostheses to 3% and 15% of the control, respectively. These effects were not observed with a pasteurized conservable buttermilk product. Yakult fermented milk drink, Mona mild yoghurt, Mona vifit yoghurt, semi-skimmed milk and low-fat yoghurt reduced the amount of bacteria by various degrees, ranging from 12% (Yakult) to 88% (Mona mild) of the control, but these products did not inhibit, and sometimes even stimulated, yeast growth. A combination of buttermilk and Yakult did not show a synergistic effect, as expected. Effects for the Provox2 voice prosthesis were less pronounced. These in vitro experiments in the artificial throat demonstrated that the formation of the biofilm on voice prostheses can be lessened by the daily use of certain dairy products, of which buttermilk had the strongest inhibitory effect, followed by Yakult.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital Groningen, The Netherlands. r.h.free@kno.azg.nl
authors.forename: R H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Free
authors.forename: H C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Van der Mei
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Dijk
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Van Weissenbruch
authors.forename: H J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Busscher
authors.forename: F W
authors.initials: FW
authors.lastname: Albers
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018441:Biofilms / Q000254:growth & development*; D002177:Candidiasis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D004867:Equipment Design; D006801:Humans; D007825:Laryngectomy / Q000379:methods; D007831:Larynx, Artificial / Q000382:microbiology*; D008892:Milk; D016459:Prosthesis-Related Infections / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000517:prevention & control; D013071:Speech, Alaryngeal / Q000295:instrumentation; D015014:Yogurt