title: RPLND or primary chemotherapy in clinical stage IIA/B nonseminomatous germ cell tumors? Results of a prospective multicenter trial including quality of life assessment.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In order to reduce therapy-related morbidity in patients with nonseminomatous testicular germ cell tumors in clinical stage IIA/B, we performed a prospective multicenter trial comparing the standard retroperitoneal lymph node dissection (RPLND) +2 cycles of chemotherapy (arm A) with 3-4 cycles of primary chemotherapy (arm B).
  
  
  METHODS
  From February 1991 to July 1995, 57 participating centers from Germany and Austria recruited 187 evaluable patients. 109 received primary RPLND and 78 primary chemotherapy. Two different chemotherapies were applied (PEB and CEB as adjuvant or inductive treatment). The quality of life (QoL), therapy-related morbidity, suspected predictive factors (histology and size of metastases), and outcome were assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In arm A, 12% had pathological stage (PS) I, 70% PS II A/B, and 18% PS II C/III. In arm B, 67% achieved complete remission with chemotherapy alone, 33% required a secondary RPLND. After a median follow-up of 36 months, 7% of the patients in arm A and 11% in arm B had relapsed. Two patients died due to complications of chemotherapy. Surgical complications amounted to 12% in arm A and 27% of 26 postchemotherapy RPLNDs (9% in arm B). Loss of ejaculation occurred in 32% in arm A, and 16% in arm B. Acute toxicity of chemotherapy was higher in the group receiving primary chemotherapy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We recommend primary RPLND because adjuvant chemotherapy can be spared in PS I, two cycles of chemotherapy are less toxic than 3 or 4 cycles, the primary operation is associated with less complications than that following chemotherapy and, with modern surgical procedures, ejaculation can be preserved in most of the patients, provided that the operation is carried out by an experienced surgeon. No statistically significant differences in the QoL outcome occurred between the treatment groups, suggesting that chemotherapy alone is not superior to primary or secondary RPLND in this respect.
authors.affiliation: Urological Department, Krankenhaus am Urban, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Weissbach
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bussar-Maatz
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Flechtner
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Pichlmeier
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hartmann
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Keller
mesh_terms: D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001761:Bleomycin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D016190:Carboplatin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D002945:Cisplatin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005047:Etoposide / Q000008:administration & dosage; D018237:Germinoma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D008197:Lymph Node Excision; D008297:Male; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011788:Quality of Life; D012187:Retroperitoneal Space; D013736:Testicular Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*
chemical_list: D001761:Bleomycin; D005047:Etoposide; D016190:Carboplatin; D002945:Cisplatin