title: Reinterventions after repair of common arterial trunk in neonates and young infants.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine rates of reintervention after repair of common arterial trunk in the neonatal and early infant periods.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  With improving success in the early treatment of common arterial trunk, the need for reinterventional procedures in older children, adolescents and adults will become an increasingly widespread concern in the treatment of these patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  We reviewed our experience with 159 infants younger than four months of age who underwent complete primary repair of common arterial trunk at our institution from 1975 to 1998, with a focus on postoperative reinterventions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 128 early survivors, 40 underwent early reinterventions for persistent mediastinal bleeding or other reasons. During a median follow-up of 98 months (range, 2 to 235 months), 121 reinterventions were performed in 81 patients. Actuarial freedom from reintervention was 50% at four years, and freedom from a second reintervention was 75% at 11 years. A total of 92 conduit reinterventions were performed in 75 patients, with a single reintervention in 61 patients, 2 reinterventions in 11 patients and 3 reinterventions in 3 patients. Freedom from a first conduit reintervention was 45% at five years. The only independent variable predictive of a longer time to first conduit replacement was use of an allograft conduit at the original repair (p = 0.05), despite the significantly younger age of patients receiving an allograft conduit (p < 0.001). Reintervention on the truncal valve was performed on 22 occasions in 19 patients, including 21 valve replacements in 18 patients and repair in 1, with a freedom from truncal valve reintervention of 83% at 10 years. Surgical (n = 29) or balloon (n = 12) reintervention for pulmonary artery stenosis was performed 41 times in 32 patients. Closure of a residual ventricular septal defect was required in 13 patients, all of whom underwent closure originally with a continuous suture technique. Eight of 16 late deaths were related to reintervention.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The burden of reintervention after repair of common arterial trunk in early infancy is high. Although conduit reintervention is inevitable, efforts should be made at the time of the initial repair to minimize factors leading to reintervention, including prevention of branch pulmonary artery stenosis and residual interventricular communications.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, USA. mcelhinney@email.chop.edu
authors.forename: D B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: McElhinney
authors.forename: H A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Rajasinghe
authors.forename: B N
authors.initials: BN
authors.lastname: Mora
authors.forename: V M
authors.initials: VM
authors.lastname: Reddy
authors.forename: N H
authors.initials: NH
authors.lastname: Silverman
authors.forename: F L
authors.initials: FL
authors.lastname: Hanley
mesh_terms: D000206:Actuarial Analysis; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D002648:Child; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011379:Prognosis; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012086:Reoperation / Q000379:methods* / Q000401:mortality / Q000706:statistics & numerical data* / Q000639:trends; D012307:Risk Factors; D013536:Suture Techniques; D013997:Time Factors; D014183:Transplantation, Heterologous; D014184:Transplantation, Homologous; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014339:Truncus Arteriosus, Persistent / Q000601:surgery*