title: Familial resemblance for hostility: the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Family Heart Study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to examine whether several aspects of hostility as measured by the Cook-Medley Hostility Scale (ie, aggressive responding, hostile affect, cynicism, and overall hostility score) were determined in part by family factors (ie, genes and/or familial environments).
  
  
  METHODS
  Analyses were based on 680 European-American families (2525 individuals) from the NHLBI Family Heart Study (FHS), a population-based study of genetic and nongenetic determinants of CHD, atherosclerosis, and cardiovascular risk factors. The influence of family relationships, age, and education on the variation in each of the four hostility scores were estimated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Significant familial resemblance in all hostility scores was found, accounting for 42% of the variance in total hostility, 30% in cynicism, 38% in aggressive responding, and 18% in hostile affect. Very little of this resemblance could be explained by similarities in education. Familial resemblance for cynicism was solely due to significant parent-offspring and sibling correlations (ie, no spouse resemblance), suggesting the possibility of genetic influences. Gender and generation differences were also evident in the familial correlations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hostility aggregates in families. Both family environmental and genetic sources of resemblance are suggested for hostility.
authors.affiliation: Division of Epidemiology and Clinical Applications, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA. gweidner@sunysb.edu
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Weidner
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Rice
authors.forename: S S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Knox
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Ellison
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Province
authors.forename: D C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Rao
authors.forename: M W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Higgins
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000208:ethnology / Q000209:etiology; D004522:Educational Status; D005060:Europe / Q000208:ethnology; D005195:Family Relations; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease / Q000523:psychology*; D006791:Hostility; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015337:Multicenter Studies as Topic; D009316:National Institutes of Health (U.S.); D009679:Nuclear Family / Q000523:psychology*; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D012494:Sampling Studies; D012737:Sex Factors; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology