title: A microsatellite marker reveals population heterogeneity within human and animal genotypes of cryptosporidium parvum.
abstract: Isolates of the protozoan parasite Cryptosporidium parvum have been differentiated into 2 genotypes: genotype 'H', which is associated only with human infections, and genotype 'C', which is associated with both human and animal infections. To date, the analysis of polymorphisms of genes and of the small subunit ribosomal DNA have revealed no heterogeneity within the 2 genotypes. In the present study, a locus containing simple sequence repeats (microsatellites) was PCR amplified and sequenced from 94 C. parvum isolates, which were collected from humans (immunocompetent and immunocompromized individuals, outbreak and single cases) and from several animal hosts in 3 continents. The analysis revealed that genotype 'H' can be further differentiated into 2 subgenotypes, and genotype 'C' can be further differentiated into 4 subgenotypes. The 6 subgenotypes differ in terms of expansions/contractions of the microsatellite repeats and by point mutations. Some subgenotypes showed a wide geographical distribution, whereas others were restricted to specific regions. Therefore, microsatellites are informative markers for more defined studies on the epidemiology, the transmission routes, and the population structure of this parasite.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Parasitology, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy. caccio@iss.it
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cacciò
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Homan
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Camilli
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Traldi
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kortbeek
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Pozio
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D002417:Cattle; D002418:Cattle Diseases / Q000469:parasitology; D003457:Cryptosporidiosis / Q000469:parasitology*; D016785:Cryptosporidium parvum / Q000737:chemistry / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics*; D017931:DNA Primers / Q000737:chemistry; D016054:DNA, Protozoan / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification; D003670:Deer / Q000469:parasitology; D004587:Electrophoresis, Agar Gel; D005060:Europe; D005243:Feces / Q000469:parasitology; D014644:Genetic Variation / Q000235:genetics*; D006041:Goats / Q000469:parasitology; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan; D018895:Microsatellite Repeats; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D012689:Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid; D012756:Sheep / Q000469:parasitology; D014481:United States
chemical_list: D017931:DNA Primers; D016054:DNA, Protozoan