title: MMP/TIMP expression in spontaneously hypertensive heart failure rats: the effect of ACE- and MMP-inhibition.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Determine the effect of a matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor (MMPi) and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEi) on collagen, MMP, tissue inhibitors of MMPs (TIMPs) expression in the spontaneously hypertensive heart failure (SHHF) rat.
  
  
  METHODS
  Six groups were tested: normotensive 9- and 13-month-old Wistar-Furth (WF) rats, 9-month-old SHHFs (compensatory hypertrophy), 13-month-old SHHFs with HF, and 13-month-old SHHFs orally administered with either an MMPi (PD166793, 5 mgkg(-1)day(-1)) or ACEi (quinapril, 10 mgkg(-1)day(-1)) for 4 months. Collagen volume fraction was assessed histomorphometrically. Left ventricular (LV) mRNA [MMP-1,-2,-3,-7,-9,-11,-13,-14; TIMP-1,-2,-3,-4; and collagen alpha1(I) and alpha1(III)] and protein (MMP-2 and MMP-9 zymographic activity; Western blot analysis of MMP-13, and TIMP-1,-2,-4) levels could be quantified.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Collagen mRNA levels were elevated in SHHFs compared to age-matched controls, but collagen volume fraction was elevated only in 13-month-old SHHFs (approximately 2x). Only MMP-2 mRNA levels increased significantly with HF. However, MMP-2 and MMP-9 zymographic activity, and MMP-13 protein levels increased. TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 mRNA and protein levels increased, and TIMP-4 protein levels decreased in SHHFs vs. controls. Both drug treatments reduced LV dilation; preserved systolic function; and normalized MMP/TIMP expression. Both drug treatments also reduced collagen volume fraction, but only quinapril reduced collagen mRNA levels and LV hypertrophy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The divergent effect of MMPi and ACEi on collagen mRNA levels and hypertrophy indicate that drug efficacy is mediated by different pathways in the SHHF rat.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Therapeutics, Parke-Davis Pharmaceutical Research, Division of Warner-Lambert Company, 2800 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Simon
authors.forename: T M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Bocan
authors.forename: J T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Peterson
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000818:Animals; D015152:Blotting, Northern / Q000379:methods; D015153:Blotting, Western / Q000379:methods; D003094:Collagen / Q000032:analysis; D017364:Collagenases / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000201:enzymology*; D006877:Hydroxamic Acids / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007546:Isoquinolines / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D053509:Matrix Metalloproteinase 13; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D061965:Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors; D020782:Matrix Metalloproteinases / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D009206:Myocardium / Q000737:chemistry / Q000201:enzymology*; D009842:Oligopeptides / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000077583:Quinapril; D051381:Rats; D011918:Rats, Inbred SHR; D011920:Rats, Inbred WF; D044005:Tetrahydroisoquinolines; D019715:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1 / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D019716:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-2 / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D019714:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinases / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D000097792:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-4
chemical_list: D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; D003094:Collagen; D017364:Collagenases; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D006877:Hydroxamic Acids; D007546:Isoquinolines; D053509:Matrix Metalloproteinase 13; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9; D061965:Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors; D020782:Matrix Metalloproteinases; D009842:Oligopeptides; D000077583:Quinapril; D044005:Tetrahydroisoquinolines; D019715:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1; D019716:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-2; D019714:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinases; D000097792:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-4; C370242:(R)-2-(4'-bromo-biphenyl-4-sulfonyl-amino)-3-methyl-butyric acid; C507083:Mmp13 protein, rat