title: Intranasal midazolam in piglets: pharmacodynamics (0.2 vs 0.4 mg/kg) and pharmacokinetics (0.4 mg/kg) with bioavailability determination.
abstract: Intranasal midazolam was studied in two series of piglets: series 1, n = 20 (18 +/- 3 kg), a randomized double blind pharmacodynamic study to compare doses of 0.2 mg/kg and 0.4 mg/kg; series 2, n = 9 (42 +/- 8 kg), a pharmacokinetic study with a 0.4 mg/kg dose administered either intravenously (i.v.) or intranasally (i.n.) in a cross-over protocol with a one-week wash-out period between each. In series 1, midazolam caused significant anxiolysis and sedation within 3 to 4 min, without a significant difference between 0.2 and 0.4 mg/kg doses for any of the studied parameters. In series 2, after intranasal midazolam administration of 0.4 mg/kg, plasma concentrations attained a maximum (Cmax) of 0.13 +/- 0.04 mg/l at 5 min (median Tmax) and remained higher than 0.04 mg/l until 60 min. The bioavailability factor (F) in this study was F = 0.64 +/- 0.17 by the intranasal route. The terminal half-life (T1/2 lambda z) = 145 +/- 138 min was comparable with the i.v. administration half-life (158 +/- 127 min). In conclusion, optimal intranasal midazolam dose in piglets was 0.2 mg/kg, which procures rapid and reliable sedation, adapted to laboratory piglets.
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetics, INRA le Magneraud, University of Poitiers School of Medicine, France.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lacoste
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bouquet
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ingrand
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Caritez
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Carretier
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Debaene
mesh_terms: D000281:Administration, Intranasal; D000818:Animals; D001682:Biological Availability; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D008874:Midazolam / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D013552:Swine / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives; D008874:Midazolam