title: Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibitors, Wortmannin or LY294002, inhibited accumulation of p21 protein after gamma-irradiation by stabilization of the protein.
abstract: Expression of the cyclin kinase inhibitor, p21, is regulated both transcriptionally and posttranscriptionally by the ubiquitin-proteasome degradation pathway. Recently, we reported that DNA damage is required for efficient p21 expression by demonstrating that enhanced p21 mRNA expression induced by DNA damage results in increased p21 protein, but enhanced p21 mRNA without DNA damage does not. In addition, we demonstrated that DNA damage suppressed the ubiquitination of p21. In this study, we analyze the link between p21 stabilization and DNA damage. Enhanced p21 protein expression in ML-1 cells resulting from 15 Gy gamma-irradiation was diminished by Wortmannin or LY294002 pretreatment of cells. However, the levels of p21 mRNA were not affected by inhibitor pretreatment. Wortmannin or LY294002 pretreatment reduces p53 expression after gamma-irradiation to a lesser degree than that of p21. In addition, we examined the involvement of DNA-PK, whose activity is inhibited by Wortmannin or LY294002, in p21 stabilization using the SCID fibroblast cell line and a DNA-PK targeting ML-1 cell line. Accumulation of p21 protein by gamma-irradiation was similar to that of DNA-PK intact cells and was reduced by Wortmannin or LY294002 pretreatment. Involvement of another DNA damage detecting enzyme, the ATM gene product, whose activity is also inhibited by Wortmannin or LY294002, was evaluated. ATM deficient cells induced p21 after gamma-irradiation, gamma-irradiation-induced p21 protein was diminished by pretreatment of cells with Wortmannin or LY294002. We conclude that the p21 stabilization mechanism functions after gamma-irradiation, was sensitive to Wortmannin or LY294002, and required neither DNA-PK nor ATM gene product for activity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Pathology, Showa University, School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan. kfukuchi@med.showa-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fukuchi
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tomoyasu
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ichimura
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tatsumi
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Gomi
mesh_terms: D016475:3T3 Cells / Q000528:radiation effects; D000730:Androstadienes / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D064007:Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated Proteins; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D002867:Chromones / Q000494:pharmacology*; D050759:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21; D016213:Cyclins / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D004249:DNA Damage; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D015536:Down-Regulation; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D005720:Gamma Rays; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D018390:Gene Targeting; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D009025:Morpholines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000081082:Phosphoinositide-3 Kinase Inhibitors; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000032:analysis; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured / Q000528:radiation effects; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins; D000077191:Wortmannin
chemical_list: D000730:Androstadienes; C493956:CDKN1A protein, human; C493957:Cdkn1a protein, mouse; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D002867:Chromones; D050759:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21; D016213:Cyclins; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D009025:Morpholines; D000081082:Phosphoinositide-3 Kinase Inhibitors; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins; C085911:2-(4-morpholinyl)-8-phenyl-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one; C576324:ATM protein, human; D064007:Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated Proteins; C576325:Atm protein, mouse; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D000077191:Wortmannin