title: Assessment of cardiac preload and extravascular lung water by single transpulmonary thermodilution.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Transpulmonary double-indicator dilution is a useful monitoring technique for measurement of intrathoracic blood volume (ITBV) and extravascular lung water (EVLW). In this study, we compared a simpler approach using single arterial thermodilution derived measurements of ITBV and EVLW with the double-indicator dilution technique.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective observational clinical study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Surgical intensive care units of two university hospitals.
  
  
  METHODS
  Global end-diastolic volume (GEDV) derived from single thermodilution was used for calculation of ITBV. Structural regression analysis of the first two thermo-dye dilution measurements in a derivation population of 57 critically ill patients (38 male, 19 female, 18-79 years, 56 +/- 15 years) revealed ITBV = (1.25 x GEDV)-28.4 (ml). This equation was then applied to all first measurements in a validation population of 209 critically ill patients (139 male, 70 female, 10-88 years, mean 53 +/- 19 years), and single-thermodilution ITBV (ITBV(ST)) and EVLW (EVLW(ST)) was calculated and compared to thermo-dye dilution derived values (ITBV(TD), EVLW(TD)). For inter-individual comparison, absolute values for ITBV and EVLW were normalised as indexed by body surface area (ITBVI) and body weight (EVLWI), respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Linear regression analysis yielded a correlation of ITBVI(ST) = (1.05 x ITBVI(TD))-58.0 (ml/m2), r = 0.97, P < 0.0001. Bias between ITBVI(TD) and ITBVI(ST) was 7.6 (ml/m2) with a standard deviation of 57.4 (ml/m2). Single-thermodilution EVLWI (EVLWI(ST)) was calculated using ITBVI(ST) and revealed the correlation EVLWI(ST) = (0.83 x EVLWI(TD)) + 1.6 (ml/kg), r = 0.96, P < 0.0001. Bias between EVLWI(TD) and EVLWI(ST) was -0.2 (ml/kg) with a standard deviation of 1.4 (ml/kg). In detail, EVLWI(ST) systematically overestimated EVLWI(TD) at low-normal values for EVLWI and underestimated EVLWI at higher values (above 12 ml/kg).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Determinations of ITBV and EVLW by single thermodilution agreed closely with the corresponding values from the double-indicator technique. Since transpulmonary single thermodilution is simple to apply, less invasive and cheaper, all these features make it a promising technique for the bedside. Nevertheless, further validation studies are needed in the future.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Friedrich-Schiller-University of Jena, Germany.
authors.forename: S G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Sakka
authors.forename: C C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Rühl
authors.forename: U J
authors.initials: UJ
authors.lastname: Pfeiffer
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Beale
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: McLuckie
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Reinhart
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Meier-Hellmann
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001810:Blood Volume; D002302:Cardiac Output; D002648:Child; D016638:Critical Illness; D015633:Extravascular Lung Water; D005260:Female; D006439:Hemodynamics; D006801:Humans; D007201:Indicator Dilution Techniques; D007362:Intensive Care Units; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012044:Regression Analysis; D013815:Thermodilution / Q000379:methods*