title: Protection from nitrosative stress by yeast flavohemoglobin.
abstract: Yeast hemoglobin was discovered close to half a century ago, but its function has remained unknown. Herein, we report that this flavohemoglobin protects Saccharomyces cerevisiae from nitrosative stress. Deletion of the flavohemoglobin gene (YHB1) abolished the nitric oxide (NO)-consuming activity of yeast cells. Levels of protein nitrosylation were more than 10-fold higher in yhb1 mutant yeast than in isogenic wild-type cells after incubation with NO donors. Growth of mutant cells was inhibited by a nitrosative challenge that had little effect on wild-type cells, whereas the resistance of mutant cells to oxidative stress was unimpaired. Protection conferred by yeast flavohemoglobin against NO and S-nitrosothiols was seen under both anaerobic and aerobic conditions, consistent with a primary function in NO detoxification. A phylogenetic analysis indicated that protection from nitrosative stress is likely to be a conserved function among microorganismal flavohemoglobins. Flavohemoglobin is therefore a potential target for antimicrobial therapy.
authors.affiliation: Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zeng
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hausladen
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Heitman
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Stamler
mesh_terms: D000332:Aerobiosis; D000818:Animals; D049308:Dioxygenases; D005656:Fungal Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D017353:Gene Deletion; D006420:Hemeproteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D007700:Kinetics; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism*; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000502:physiology*; D010802:Phylogeny; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins
chemical_list: D005656:Fungal Proteins; D006420:Hemeproteins; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D049308:Dioxygenases; C101796:YHB1 protein, S cerevisiae