title: Preliminary report on hormone receptors in the human vocal fold.
abstract: There has been an ongoing effort to describe the physiologic factors associated with perceived and/or measured human voice changes that occur with age. In our study we focused on possible endocrine involvement on voice by using immunohistochemical staining to observe hormone receptor presence in vocal folds from 42 deceased subjects (fresh cadavers), male and female, ranging in age from 2 months to 82 years (average 37.7 years). On statistical analysis, age and gender were found to be associated with progesterone receptor staining of the glandular nuclei (young>old P = 0.013; male>female, P = 0.060). Gender was associated with androgen receptor staining in glandular cytoplasm (male>female, P = 0.014) and progesterone receptor staining in the epithelial cytoplasm (male>female, P = 0.039). No statistical significance was noted in other categories.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hormone receptors are found in the nucleus and cytoplasm of cells in the vocal fold with statistically significant differences in age and gender distribution.
authors.affiliation: University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City 84113, USA.
authors.forename: S R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Newman
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Butler
authors.forename: E H
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Hammond
authors.forename: S D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Gray
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003593:Cytoplasm / Q000378:metabolism; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011944:Receptors, Androgen / Q000378:metabolism*; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen / Q000378:metabolism*; D011980:Receptors, Progesterone / Q000378:metabolism*; D014827:Vocal Cords / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D011944:Receptors, Androgen; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen; D011980:Receptors, Progesterone