title: Cadmium and iron transport by members of a plant metal transporter family in Arabidopsis with homology to Nramp genes.
abstract: Metal cation homeostasis is essential for plant nutrition and resistance to toxic heavy metals. Many plant metal transporters remain to be identified at the molecular level. In the present study, we have isolated AtNramp cDNAs from Arabidopsis and show that these genes complement the phenotype of a metal uptake deficient yeast strain, smf1. AtNramps show homology to the Nramp gene family in bacteria, yeast, plants, and animals. Expression of AtNramp cDNAs increases Cd(2+) sensitivity and Cd(2+) accumulation in yeast. Furthermore, AtNramp3 and AtNramp4 complement an iron uptake mutant in yeast. This suggests possible roles in iron transport in plants and reveals heterogeneity in the functional properties of Nramp transporters. In Arabidopsis, AtNramps are expressed in both roots and aerial parts under metal replete conditions. Interestingly, AtNramp3 and AtNramp4 are induced by iron starvation. Disruption of the AtNramp3 gene leads to slightly enhanced cadmium resistance of root growth. Furthermore, overexpression of AtNramp3 results in cadmium hypersensitivity of Arabidopsis root growth and increased accumulation of Fe, on Cd(2+) treatment. Our results show that Nramp genes in plants encode metal transporters and that AtNramps transport both the metal nutrient Fe and the toxic metal cadmium.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology and Center for Molecular Genetics, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0116, USA.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Thomine
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Ward
authors.forename: N M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Crawford
authors.forename: J I
authors.initials: JI
authors.lastname: Schroeder
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; D001483:Base Sequence; D002104:Cadmium / Q000378:metabolism*; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D027682:Cation Transport Proteins; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D017931:DNA Primers; D005816:Genetic Complementation Test; D007501:Iron / Q000378:metabolism*; D033862:Iron-Binding Proteins; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016254:Mutagenesis, Insertional; D010802:Phylogeny; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000378:metabolism; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development; D000099173:Natural Resistance-associated Macrophage Protein 1; D000099236:Solute Carrier Family 11, Member 2
chemical_list: D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; D002104:Cadmium; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D027682:Cation Transport Proteins; D017931:DNA Primers; D007501:Iron; D033862:Iron-Binding Proteins; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D000099173:Natural Resistance-associated Macrophage Protein 1; D000099236:Solute Carrier Family 11, Member 2; C408073:NRAMP4 protein, Arabidopsis; C408072:Nramp3 protein, Arabidopsis