title: The effect of cage size and enrichment on core temperature and febrile response of the golden hamster.
abstract: The aim of this study is to determine the effect of cage size and cage enrichment. Golden hamsters were individually housed in standard cages of four different sizes and in enriched cages of three different sizes since 3 weeks of age. Each of the seven housing groups consisted of 12 hamsters. After 14 weeks of housing in their respective environments the measurements started. The mean baseline rectal temperature was significantly higher in hamsters housed in small cages than in hamsters housed in large cages. After the injection of fever-inducing lipopolysaccharide rectal temperature increased by 1 to 2 degrees C. The increase of rectal temperature and the fever index were the highest in animals housed in large cages and the smallest in animals housed in small cages. Through cage enrichment and increasing cage size the mean febrile response increased while the mean baseline rectal temperature decreased. Cage size and cage enrichment had no effect on the dispersion of the measured values. The differences in microclimate between large and small cages were too small to have an effect on thermoregulation. The results indicate that housing in small cages induce chronic stress which obviously affects thermoregulation. The findings demonstrate that the results of some physiological experiments are significantly influenced by the pre-experimental housing conditions.
authors.affiliation: Physiologisches Institut, Justus-Liebig-Universität, Giessen, Germany. gernot.kuhnen@physiologie.med.uni-giessen.de
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kuhnen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001831:Body Temperature; D001833:Body Temperature Regulation; D006224:Cricetinae; D004777:Environment; D005334:Fever / Q000139:chemically induced; D006799:Housing, Animal; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D008297:Male; D008647:Mesocricetus / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D008070:Lipopolysaccharides