title: Suppression of S-methylglutathione-induced tentacle ball formation by peptides and nullification of the suppression by TGF-beta in Hydra.
abstract: Tentacle ball formation (TBF) in Hydra elicited by S-methylglutathione (GSM) was modulated by a number of biologically active peptides. Hydra fed on Artemia, which had been hatched in a common salt solution supplemented with LiCl and ZnCl(2), easily induced TBF in response to GSM after pretreatment with trypsin. After Hydra were treated with 100 pg/ml trypsin for 10 min, the response to GSM (TBF) was sensitively suppressed by acidic fibroblast growth factor and other biologically active peptides for >10 h. Various peptides, but not transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta), suppressed GSM-induced TBF in a specific pattern for each peptide. However, TGF-beta was unique in that it did not suppress the response to GSM, but nullified the suppressive effect of other peptides. Only active TGF-beta nullified the suppressive effect of the peptides, and the latent form of TGF-beta neither suppressed GSM-induced TBF nor nullified the suppressive effect of other peptides. Members of the TGF-beta family suppressed GSM-induced TBF. These results indicate that all peptides examined, except for TGF-beta suppressed the response to GSM in a manner specific to each peptide. This assay system would be useful in identification of biologically active peptides.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Nutrition Chemistry, Division of Applied Life Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Manabe
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yamazaki
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Fukuda
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Inoue
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fushiki
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hanai
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001156:Artemia; D055415:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 4; D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology; D016220:Fibroblast Growth Factor 1 / Q000494:pharmacology; D016222:Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 / Q000494:pharmacology; D005978:Glutathione / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D006829:Hydra / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D008670:Metals / Q000494:pharmacology; D010455:Peptides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010982:Platelet-Derived Growth Factor / Q000494:pharmacology; D012996:Solutions; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D055415:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 4; D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins; D008670:Metals; D010455:Peptides; D010982:Platelet-Derived Growth Factor; D012996:Solutions; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D016222:Fibroblast Growth Factor 2; D016220:Fibroblast Growth Factor 1; D005978:Glutathione; C017514:S-methyl glutathione