title: Incontinence and constipation after low anorectal malformations in a boy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Low anorectal malformations are considered to be a benign type of anorectal malformations. Their treatment is simple in the neonatal period and gives good results as far continence is concerned.
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied a group of 55 boys with low anorectal malformations which had been surgically treated between the 1st January 1975 and the 31st December 1992. We studied the initial treatment and the associated anomalies, 5 patients have died. 27 were seen for an interview and a clinical examination. Extra investigations (anorectal manometry or electromyography of external sphincter) were only offered to consenting patients with an ongoing problem.
  
  
  RESULTS
  3 to 20 years had passed since their operations. Associated anomalies had been found in 11 children. The initial treatment was a perineal procedure in 20 cases and a colostomy in 8 cases. Dilatations were carried out on 11 children. Faecal and urinary continence had been acquired before 30 months of age. 13 children (48%) had problems of soiling and/or chronic constipation. There was no difference between these children and the 14 continent ones regarding the type of malformation, the initial treatment and the follow-up. Anorectal manometry (performed on 9 cases) showed 4 anorectal dyssynergies. It was normal in 3 cases. The Recto Anal Inhibitory Reflex was always present.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Problems of continence are not rare in the evolution of low anorectal malformations. We suggest therefore a long-term clinical follow-up for those children, with one anorectal manometry control being performed after continence is acquired.
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatric Surgery, Jeanne de Flandres Hospital, University of Lille, France.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Labouré
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Besson
authors.forename: M D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Lamblin
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Debeugny
mesh_terms: D001003:Anal Canal / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000601:surgery*; D003248:Constipation / Q000209:etiology*; D005242:Fecal Incontinence / Q000209:etiology*; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D008365:Manometry; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D016896:Treatment Outcome