title: Randomised trial of alternative malaria chemoprophylaxis strategies among pregnant women in Kigoma, Tanzania: II. Results from baseline studies.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine baseline data among pregnant women consenting to participate in a randomised trial of alternative strategies of malaria chemoprophylaxis in Kigoma urban district, western Tanzania.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional study.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was conducted in an urban MCH clinic in Kigoma town in western Tanzania.
  
  
  METHODS
  All consenting pregnant women who fulfilled entry criteria were recruited into the study. BASELINE STUDIES: Baseline data were collected prior to randomisation of women to antimalarial prophylactic regimens. Baseline measurements included examination for blood depleting parasitic infections (stool and urine examinations), haemoglobin levels, haematocrit, sickling test, and blood slide for malaria parasites.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 728 pregnant women consented to participate in the interview and of these 705 participated in baseline studies constituting a participation rate of 96.8%. The age of participating women ranged from 14 to 45 years with a mean age of 23.7 years (standard deviation [SD] = 5.4) while the mean number of pregnancies ranged from 1 to 13 with a mean of 3.2 (SD = 2.2). The prevalence of malaria parasitaemia among the pregnant women examined was 9.4% (N = 705) while the prevalence of anaemia (defined as Hb < 8.5 gdl-1) was 12.4% (N = 579). No significant difference was observed in prevalence proportions of malaria parasitaemia in relation to age, parity, marital status and use of mosquito bednets. However the prevalence of anaemia among women in the age group 31-45 years was significantly lower than that observed among women in the age group 14-20 years (2.9% versus 18.9%; crude odds ratio [OR] = 0.13; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.02-0.55). Sickle cell disease (HbAS) was found in 2.3% (N = 564) of the pregnant women examined.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It is concluded that the prevalence of malaria parasitaemia and anaemia was very high in this population suggesting the need for interventions directed at controlling these major causes of maternal morbidity and mortality in Tanzania.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Muhimbili University College of Health Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
authors.forename: S K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Mnyika
authors.forename: T K
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: Kabalimu
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Mbaruku
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Masisila
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Mpanju-Shumbusho
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000740:Anemia / Q000097:blood / Q000469:parasitology*; D000962:Antimalarials / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008288:Malaria / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000469:parasitology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008875:Middle Aged; D020380:Needs Assessment; D011247:Pregnancy; D015597:Pregnancy Complications, Parasitic / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000469:parasitology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D015995:Prevalence; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D012107:Research Design; D012307:Risk Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013636:Tanzania / Q000453:epidemiology; D014504:Urban Health / Q000706:statistics & numerical data
chemical_list: D000962:Antimalarials