title: The use of laparoscopy in the management of adnexal pathologies in children.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The authors' experience of using laparoscopy in the management of 23 girls (mean age: 8.9 years; range: 3 months-15 years) with various adnexal pathologies over a 3-year period is reviewed.
  
  
  METHODS
  Of the 23 patients, seven were evaluated for congenital gonadal pathologies, 15 presented with abdominal pain and one patient had an antenatally diagnosed adnexal mass. Detailed laparoscopic examination of the pelvic cavity and laparoscopic gonadectomy were successfully performed in all seven patients with congenital gonadal pathologies: mosaic Turner's syndrome (n = 2), gonadal dysgenesis (n = 3) and testicular feminization syndrome (n = 2). Of 15 patients presenting with abdominal pain, 11 had an adnexal mass, two had acute appendicitis and two had pelvic inflammatory disease.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Laparoscopic excision of the adnexal masses were successfully performed in 10 of 11 patients. Conversion to open surgery was required in one patient with a huge teratoma. Laparoscopic appendicectomy was successfully performed in both patients with acute appendicitis while diagnostic laparoscopy was the only procedure required in the two patients with pelvic inflammatory disease. Laparoscopy in the infant with an antenatally diagnosed adnexal mass confirmed this to be an omental cyst, which was successfully excised. All patients recovered without complications and good cosmetic result was universally achieved.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Laparoscopy is safe and effective in both diagnosis and treatment of adnexal pathologies in children.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, China.
authors.forename: K H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: C K
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Yeung
authors.forename: Y H
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Tam
authors.forename: K K
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000290:Adnexa Uteri / Q000601:surgery; D000291:Adnexal Diseases / Q000151:congenital / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery*; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007431:Intraoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000379:methods; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology