title: Phase I trial of carboplatin, paclitaxel, etoposide, and cyclophosphamide with granulocyte colony stimulating factor as first-line therapy for patients with advanced epithelial ovarian cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The goal of this study was to determine the maximally tolerated doses (MTDs) of carboplatin, paclitaxel (Taxol), etoposide, and cyclophosphamide (CTEC) with granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF, Filgrastim) support as first-line chemotherapy in women with advanced epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC).
  
  
  METHODS
  Newly diagnosed patients with either stage IV EOC, or stage III EOC and any amount of gross residual tumor after surgical debulking were eligible to receive six cycles of CTEC over five different dose levels in this phase I trial (planned 21-day cycle length). Paclitaxel, carboplatin, and cyclophosphamide were administered intravenously on Day 1, and oral etoposide was administered on Days 1, 2, and 3. G-CSF was administered beginning Day 4.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty patients received a total of 98 cycles of CTEC over the five dose levels evaluated. Bone marrow suppression was the major toxic effect, with grade 4 neutropenia and thrombocytopenia being observed in 25 and 23% of cycles, respectively. The overall incidence of febrile neutropenia was 10%, and no toxic deaths occurred. No grade IV thrombocytopenia or febrile neutropenia was observed once the carboplatin dose was reduced from AUC of 7 to 5. Nonhematologic toxicity was generally mild (grade 2 or less). Dose-limiting toxicity was not observed at the highest dose level evaluated in this study, preventing assignment of the MTD. The clinical complete response rate was 92%, although 15 of 16 evaluable patients have progressed with a median progression-free interval of 4 months (range, 2-11 months). One patient remains disease-free 9 months from the completion of CTEC.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The CTEC regimen is well tolerated and highly active. Although the MTD was not reached in this study, the short median progression-free interval suggests that this regimen is unlikely to be superior to standard treatment with paclitaxel and carboplatin. Strategies to optimize the development of future combination chemotherapy regimens in the treatment of newly diagnosed ovarian cancer are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Program in Gynecologic Medical Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Tung
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Berkowitz
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Matulonis
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Quartulli
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Seiden
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Niloff
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Cannistra
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016190:Carboplatin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D003520:Cyclophosphamide / Q000008:administration & dosage; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005047:Etoposide / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005260:Female; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009503:Neutropenia / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000517:prevention & control; D010051:Ovarian Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D017239:Paclitaxel / Q000008:administration & dosage; D043823:Taxoids; D013921:Thrombocytopenia / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000517:prevention & control; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D043823:Taxoids; D005047:Etoposide; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor; D003520:Cyclophosphamide; D016190:Carboplatin; D017239:Paclitaxel