title: The benefit of combining hydroxychloroquine with quinacrine in the treatment of SLE patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although the benefit of antimalarials in the treatment of cutaneous LE is well established, the effect of combined hydroxychloroquine and quinacrine treatment in systemic lupus erythematosus with major organ involvement remains underappreciated.
  
  
  METHODS
  Six active SLE patients (SLEDAI score > 5 points), with a mean duration of illness 9.1 yr (range 2-17 yr) were started on quinacrine (100 mg/d) following failure to achieve clinical remission on a therapeutic regimen which included a maintenance dose of hydroxychloroquine (400 mg/d) together with prednisone (either 10-20 mg/d or higher daily doses of this agent for short periods) and azathioprine (150 mg/d) or methotrexate (7.5 mg/week).
  
  
  RESULTS
  In 5/6 of the patients the addition of quinacrine to the previous treatment resulted in complete remission (SLEDAI 0-2 points), which persisted over the follow-up period [mean +/- 2.2 yr (range 0.5-3.5)]. During this period hydroxychloroquine and azathioprine were reduced to 200 mg/d and 100 mg/d respectively, whereas prednisone was modified as follows: in 2 patients daily administration was discontinued; in one the dose was reduced to 2.5 mg/d (from that of > or = 20 mg/d); in 2 others the previous need for an intermittent course was avoided. However, in one out of the six patients the addition for 3 months of quinacrine to the therapeutic protocol did not result in clinical improvement and was therefore discontinued.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The promising results of this preliminary investigation encourages the combined use of the two antimalarial drugs in appropriate candidates. This modality may induce remission, seems to be safe and possesses a steroid sparing effect.
authors.affiliation: Division of Clinical Immunology, Bnai Zion Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Toubi
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Rosner
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rozenbaum
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kessel
authors.forename: T D
authors.initials: TD
authors.lastname: Golan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000962:Antimalarials; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D006886:Hydroxychloroquine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008180:Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic / Q000188:drug therapy*; D011796:Quinacrine / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000962:Antimalarials; D006886:Hydroxychloroquine; D011796:Quinacrine