title: Short report: occurrence of Leishmania donovani DNA in donated blood from seroreactive Brazilian blood donors.
abstract: Human visceral leishmaniasis (kala-azar) transmitted by blood transfusion has been described in previous reports. Seroprevalence of antibodies to Leishmania donovani was shown to be related to prior blood transfusions in multiply transfused hemodialysis patients in Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. In this study, a possible correlation between seroreactivity and the presence of L. donovani DNA was investigated in asymptomatic healthy blood donors. Sera were tested using the fucose mannose ligand (FML) ELISA, which was shown to have a sensitivity of 100%, a specificity of 96-100%, reliability, and diagnostic and prognostic potential for the detection of human and canine kala-azar, respectively. Leishmanial DNA was assessed by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and dot-blot hybridization techniques in blood and bone marrow samples. Among 21 FML-seroreactive asymptomatic blood donors, 5 (24%) were positive by the PCR and 9 (43%) were positive in a dot-blot assay of blood samples, showing a significant correlation (chi2 = 14.24, P < 0.01). No Leishmania DNA was detected in 20 FML non-reactive blood donors. Our results point to the need for control of transmission of kala-azar by blood transfusion in areas endemic for this disease.
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Microbiologia Professor Paulo de Góes and Hospital Universitário-Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: A C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Otero
authors.forename: V O
authors.initials: VO
authors.lastname: da Silva
authors.forename: K G
authors.initials: KG
authors.lastname: Luz
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Palatnik
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pirmez
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Fernandes
authors.forename: C B
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Palatnik de Sousa
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000913:Antibodies, Protozoan / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood; D001782:Blood Donors; D001853:Bone Marrow / Q000469:parasitology; D001938:Brazil / Q000453:epidemiology; D017931:DNA Primers / Q000737:chemistry; D016054:DNA, Protozoan / Q000097:blood / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification; D004587:Electrophoresis, Agar Gel; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D006801:Humans; D037102:Lectins / Q000097:blood; D007893:Leishmania donovani / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D007898:Leishmaniasis, Visceral / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology; D009693:Nucleic Acid Hybridization; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D016036:Seroepidemiologic Studies; D065227:Transfusion Reaction
chemical_list: D000913:Antibodies, Protozoan; D017931:DNA Primers; D016054:DNA, Protozoan; D037102:Lectins; C027112:fucose-binding lectin