title: Progressive supranuclear palsy pathology caused by a novel silent mutation in exon 10 of the tau gene: expansion of the disease phenotype caused by tau gene mutations.
abstract: Genetic mutations in the tau gene on chromosome 17 are known to cause frontotemporal dementias. We have identified a novel silent mutation (S305S) in the tau gene in a subject without significant atrophy or cellular degeneration of the frontal and temporal cortices. Rather the cellular pathology was characteristic of progressive supranuclear palsy, with neurofibrillary tangles concentrating within the subcortical regions of the basal ganglia. Two affected family members presented with symptoms of dementia and later developed neurological deficits including abnormality of vertical gaze and extrapyramidal signs. The third presented with dystonia of the left arm and dysarthria, and later developed a supranuclear gaze palsy and falls. The mutation is located in exon 10 of the tau gene and forms part of a stem-loop structure at the 5' splice donor site. Although the mutation does not give rise to an amino acid change in the tau protein, functional exon-trapping experiments show that it results in a significant 4.8-fold increase in the splicing of exon 10, resulting in the presence of tau containing four microtubule-binding repeats. This study provides direct molecular evidence for a functional mutation that causes progressive supranuclear palsy pathology and demonstrates that mutations in the tau gene are pleiotropic.
authors.affiliation: Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, Prince of Wales Medical Research Institute, Randwick, Australia.
authors.forename: P M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Stanford
authors.forename: G M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Halliday
authors.forename: W S
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Brooks
authors.forename: J B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Kwok
authors.forename: C E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Storey
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Creasey
authors.forename: J G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Morris
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Fulham
authors.forename: P R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Schofield
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001284:Atrophy; D001479:Basal Ganglia / Q000473:pathology; D001483:Base Sequence; D001921:Brain / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D002648:Child; D002886:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 17; D018900:Dinucleotide Repeats; D005091:Exons; D005260:Female; D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009154:Mutation; D016874:Neurofibrillary Tangles / Q000473:pathology; D010375:Pedigree; D010641:Phenotype; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D013494:Supranuclear Palsy, Progressive / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology*; D014055:Tomography, Emission-Computed; D016875:tau Proteins / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D016875:tau Proteins; D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18