Experimental Results with the Multi-Linkª Stent in a Porcine Model.
OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to assess the delivery characteristics and the vascular response to placement of the Multi-Linkª stent in normal porcine coronary arteries. BACKGROUND: The Multi-Link stent is a balloon expandable stainless steel stent with an interconnected corrugated ring structure designed to provide a high degree of compressive resistance while preserving longitudinal flexibility. The placement characteristics and vascular response to this stent in normal porcine coronary arteries has not been characterized. METHODS: We tested the delivery characteristics and vascular response to the Multi-Link stent in 19 normolipemic miniature swine. Quantitative coronary angiography was used to define stent performance characteristics such as stent expansion and recoil. Histologic assessment of the stented arteries was used to evaluate the acute and chronic vascular response to stent placement. RESULTS: Thirty-five of thirty-five stents (100%) were successfully implanted in the left anterior descending (n = 14), left circumflex (n = 8) or right (n = 13) coronary arteries of nineteen swine. The baseline angiographic mean lumen diameter of the stented coronary segment was 3.41 +/- 0.32 mm and increased to 3.53 +/- 0.33 mm (p < 0.001) after stent placement. The balloon inflated stent diameter was 3.61 +/- 0.36 mm with minimal recoil to a final minimal lumen diameter of 3.53 +/- 0.33 mm after implant (p = 0.001). Linear regression analysis revealed that the percent stent recoil had a significant positive correlation with the stent to artery ratio or the degree of stent over-sizing (r = 0.67; p < 0.0001). Angiographic and histologic follow-up at 72 hours (n = 9), 14 days (n = 12) and 56 days (n = 12) demonstrated that all stents were patent without evidence of migration, intraluminal filling defect or side-branch occlusion. On histology, there was rare evidence of stent-induced deep arterial wall injury such as rupture of the internal elastic lamina and medial laceration. There was no significant difference in the mean injury score observed on day 3 (0.23 +/- 0.22), 14 (0.35 +/- 0.28) or 56 (0.36 +/- 0.27) after implant (p = 0.27). On day 3, the mean thrombus thickness overlying the stent wires was 70 +/- 98µ. The mean neointimal area was similar at 14 and 56 days after implant (1.63 +/- 1.25 mm2 versus 1.78 +/- 0.68 mm2, p = 0.54). CONCLUSIONS: The MULTI-LINK stent easily tracked the coronary arteries and deployed reliably in this experimental model. The multiple interconnected ring geometry of the stent provides adequate compressive resistance, longitudinal flexibility and uniform coverage of the arterial wall throughout the length of the endoprothesis. The stent has acceptable blood and tissue biocompatibility in normal porcine coronary arteries. Oversizing this stent (>10 percent) may have a theoretical disadvantage resulting in a proportionally higher degree of stent recoil. The results of clinical trials will determine if the design features of the Multi-Link stent favorably impact on procedural outcome or long-term patency.
Thomas
WJ
Associate Director, Cardiovascular Research, Heart Institute at Borgess Medical Center, 1521 Gull Road, Kalamazoo, MI, 49001, USA.
Laird
JR
Bailey
L
Hoopes
TG
Hillhouse
R
Scott
D
Jones
R
Virmani
R
Carter
AJ