title: Reproducibility in the assessment of postmenopausal ovaries with transvaginal ultrasound.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The goal of this study was to evaluate the interexaminer variation in the assessment of postmenopausal ovaries using transvaginal ultrasound (TVU).
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred eighty-eight cancer screening trial participants undergoing TVU were reassessed by a second TVU examination.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Although first examiners tended to describe significantly larger left (P < 0.001) but smaller right (P = 0.036) ovaries, as well as fewer ovarian abnormalities, examiners agreed on the test interpretation 93% of the time (kappa = 0.846). In only two cases (1%) were the differences in interpretation such that the two examiners recommended different follow-up procedures.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Because of the high fatality rate of ovarian cancer, early detection remains the best way to combat this devastating disease. TVU is one screening technique we are currently evaluating in a cancer screening trial. To help ensure screening test reproducibility, we have followed explcit protocols for training and certifying all TVU examiners, as well as for conducting TVU examinations. This study demonstrates that by adhering to specific training, certification, and examination protocols, TVU reproducibility is excellent. Such protocols may well serve as a standard for TVU training and examination.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh, Parran Hall, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, USA.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Modugno
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Weissfeld
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Hill
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008403:Mass Screening; D008875:Middle Aged; D015588:Observer Variation; D010051:Ovarian Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D010053:Ovary / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D017698:Postmenopause; D011361:Professional Competence; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D014463:Ultrasonography / Q000592:standards*; D014621:Vagina / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*