title: Xenopus kielin: A dorsalizing factor containing multiple chordin-type repeats secreted from the embryonic midline.
abstract: The midline tissues are important inductive centers of early vertebrate embryos. By signal peptide selection screening, we isolated a secreted factor, Kielin, which contains multiple cys-rich repeats similar to those in chordin (Chd). Expression of Kielin starts at midgastrula stages in the notochord and is detected in the floor plate of neurula embryos. Kielin is induced in mesoderm and in ectoderm by nodal-related genes. Chd is sufficient to activate Kielin expression in mesoderm whereas Shh or HNF-3beta in addition to Chd is required for induction in ectoderm. Kielin has a distinct biological activity from that of Chd. Injection of Kielin mRNA causes dorsalization of ventral marginal zone explants and expansion of MyoD expression in neurula embryos. Unlike Chd, Kielin does not efficiently induce neural differentiation of animal cap ectoderm, suggesting that the activity of Kielin is not simply caused by BMP4 blockade. Kielin is a signaling molecule that mediates inductive activities of the embryonic midline.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, Kyoto University Faculty of Medicine, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8501 Japan.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Matsui
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mizuseki
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Nakatani
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nakanishi
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sasai
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D019521:Body Patterning; D004625:Embryo, Nonmammalian / Q000502:physiology*; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D006023:Glycoproteins; D006133:Growth Substances / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics*; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D008648:Mesoderm / Q000502:physiology; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D017570:MyoD Protein / Q000235:genetics; D009924:Organ Culture Techniques; D011506:Proteins / Q000737:chemistry; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D020449:Repetitive Sequences, Amino Acid; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D015398:Signal Transduction; D014981:Xenopus / Q000196:embryology*; D029867:Xenopus Proteins
chemical_list: D006023:Glycoproteins; D006133:Growth Substances; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; C409025:KCP protein, Xenopus; D017570:MyoD Protein; D011506:Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D029867:Xenopus Proteins; C054234:chordin