title: Generation of complement C3 and expression of cell membrane complement inhibitory proteins by human bronchial epithelium cell line.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The interrelationship between human airway epithelium and complement proteins may affect airway defence, airway function, and airway epithelial integrity. A study was undertaken to determine (1) whether unstimulated human bronchial epithelium generates complement proteins and expresses cell membrane complement inhibitory proteins (CIP) and (2) whether stimulation by proinflammatory cytokines affects the generation of complement and expression of cell membrane CIP by these cells.
  
  
  METHODS
  Human bronchial epithelium cell line BEAS-2B was cultured in a serum-free medium. Cells were incubated with and without proinflammatory cytokines to assess unstimulated and stimulated generation of complement C3, C1q and C5 (by ELISA), and to examine the expression of cell membrane CIP decay accelerating factor (DAF; CD55), membrane cofactor protein (MCP; CD46), and CD59 (protectin) by flow cytometry analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Unstimulated human bronchial epithelial cell line BEAS-2B in serum-free medium generates complement C3 (mean 32 ng/10(6) cells/72 h, range 18-52) but not C1q and C5, and expresses cell membrane DAF, MCP, and CD59. Interleukin (IL)-1alpha (100 U/ml/72 h) and tumour necrosis factor (TNF-alpha; 1000 U/ml/72 h) increased generation of C3 up to a mean of 78% and 138%, respectively, above C3 generation by unstimulated cells. DAF was the only cell membrane CIP affected by cytokine stimulation. Interferon (IFN)-gamma (10 U/ml/72 h) and TNF-alpha (1000 U/ml/72 h) increased DAF expression up to a mean of 116% and 45%, respectively, above that in unstimulated cells. MCP and CD59 expression was not consistently affected by IL-1alpha, TNF-alpha, or IFN-gamma.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Local generation of complement C3 and expression of cell membrane CIP by human bronchial epithelium and its modulation by proinflammatory cytokines might be an additional regulatory mechanism of local airway defence and may affect airway function and epithelial integrity in health and disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pulmonary Medicine and Laboratory of Respiratory Cell Biology, Sapir Medical Center, Meir General Hospital Kfar-Sava 44281 and Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel. Varsanos@green.co.il
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Varsano
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kaminsky
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kaiser
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Rashkovsky
mesh_terms: D001980:Bronchi / Q000276:immunology*; D018958:CD55 Antigens / Q000378:metabolism; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques; D002460:Cell Line; D015922:Complement C1q / Q000096:biosynthesis; D003176:Complement C3 / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D003182:Complement C5 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D003169:Complement Inactivator Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000276:immunology; D004848:Epithelium / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans
chemical_list: D018958:CD55 Antigens; D003176:Complement C3; D003182:Complement C5; D003169:Complement Inactivator Proteins; D016207:Cytokines; D015922:Complement C1q