title: Differential regulation of vitamin D receptor expression in distinct leukemic cell lines upon phorbol ester-induced growth arrest.
abstract: A close correlation between vitamin D receptor (VDR) abundance and cell proliferation rate has been shown in NIH-3T3 fibroblasts, MCF-7 breast cancer and in HL-60 myeloblastic cells. We have now determined if this association occurs in other leukemic cell lines, U937 and K562, and if VDR content is related to c-myc expression, which is also linked to cell growth state. Upon phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) treatment, cells from the three lineages (HL-60, U937 and K562) differentiated and expressed specific surface antigens. All cell lines analyzed were growth inhibited by PMA and the doubling time was increased, mainly due to an increased fraction of cells in the G0/G1 phase, as determined by flow cytometry measurements of incorporated bromodeoxyuridine and cell DNA content. C-myc mRNA expression was down-regulated and closely correlated to cell growth arrest. However, VDR expression in leukemic cell lines, as determined by immunofluorescence and Northern blot assays, was not consistently changed upon inhibition of cell proliferation since VDR levels were down-regulated only in HL-60 cells. Our data suggest that VDR expression cannot be explained simply as a reflection of the leukemic cell growth state.
authors.affiliation: Disciplina de Oncologia, Departamento de Radiologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil.
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Folgueira
authors.forename: M H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Federico
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Roela
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Maistro
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Katayama
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Brentani
mesh_terms: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D002273:Carcinogens / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D015536:Down-Regulation; D005455:Fluorescent Antibody Technique; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D006131:Growth Inhibitors; D018922:HL-60 Cells / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D020014:K562 Cells / Q000187:drug effects; D007938:Leukemia / Q000235:genetics*; D010641:Phenotype; D012313:RNA / Q000302:isolation & purification; D018167:Receptors, Calcitriol / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics*; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate / Q000494:pharmacology*; D020298:U937 Cells / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D002273:Carcinogens; D006131:Growth Inhibitors; D018167:Receptors, Calcitriol; D012313:RNA; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate