title: Rifampicin-associated pseudomembranous colitis.
abstract: We report a case of pseudomembranous colitis that developed in a patient with liver cirrhosis during anti-tuberculosis therapy with rifampicin and isoniazid. The association between rifampicin and pseudomembranous colitis has been controversial; this report, however, supports the association. Colonoscopy performed 3 days after the onset of the pseudomembranous colitis revealed only reddish patches and a few aphthoid lesions, but 4 days later pseudomembranes were apparent. The pseudomembranous colitis was successfully controlled by discontinuation of the anti-tuberculosis agents, along with the administration of lactic acid bacteria, without vancomycin or metronidazole. Possible predisposing factors for the development of pseudomembranous colitis in this patient are also discussed.
authors.affiliation: Third Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nakajima
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yajima
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shirakura
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kataoka
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ueda
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Nagoshi
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kanemoto
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Matsuhashi
mesh_terms: D000904:Antibiotics, Antitubercular / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001706:Biopsy; D003113:Colonoscopy; D020345:Enterocolitis, Necrotizing / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D008875:Middle Aged; D012293:Rifampin / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012307:Risk Factors; D014397:Tuberculosis, Pulmonary / Q000188:drug therapy*
chemical_list: D000904:Antibiotics, Antitubercular; D012293:Rifampin