title: Simultaneous measurement of cellular P-glycoprotein content and function by multiparametric flow-cytometry.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A multiparametric approach was applied to simultaneously determine expression and function of the drug efflux pump P-glycoprotein (PGP) in multidrug-resistant (MDR) human leukemic lymphoblast cell lines and isolated leukemic blasts using flow-cytometry in a patient with acute myeloid leukemia (AML).
  
  
  METHODS
  The antigen was measured by staining PGP using the monoclonal antibody 4e3 which does not inhibit the function of PGP. The 4e3 antibody binds to an external epitope of PGP and can therefore be used for staining living cells. Drug transport, mediated by PGP, was determined simultaneously by measuring rhodamine 123 (rho123) efflux. The MDR cell lines, CEM/VLB10-2 and CEM/VBL100 are 10-fold and 270-fold resistant to vinblastine (VBL), respectively, compared to the human PGP-negative parent cell line CEM/WT and they express different amounts of PGP. Initially, living cells were stained using the 4e3 antibody and a secondary antibody labeled with 7-amino-4-methylcoumarin-3-acetic acid (AMCA). Cells were then incubated for 60 min with rho123 (10 microM) and analyzed for rhodamine and AMCA-derived fluorescence. The decrease in rho123 fluorescence was determined after a further period of 30 min.
  
  
  RESULTS
  CEM/VLB100 cells expressed larger amounts of PGP, and rho123 fluorescence after 30 min was 85% lower than the parent cell line. PGP expression and rho123 efflux were also detected in CEM/VLB10-2 cells which display a low degree of resistance, thus reflecting the high sensitivity of this method. PGP-expressing blasts and moderate rho123 efflux were also observed in a specimen derived from a patient with clinically resistant acute myeloid leukemia (AML).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A multiparametric approach using flow-cytometry allows the reliable and sensitive measurement of both PGP expression and function simultaneously in single cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine (Cancer Research), West Germany Cancer Centre Essen, University of Essen Medical School, Germany.
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Müller
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Lennartz
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Baack
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Heim
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Seeber
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Scheulen
mesh_terms: D018435:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B / Q000032:analysis*; D000208:Acute Disease; D018432:Drug Resistance, Multiple; D019008:Drug Resistance, Neoplasm; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006801:Humans; D007951:Leukemia, Myeloid / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D018435:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B