title: Left atrial volume assessed by transthoracic three dimensional echocardiography and magnetic resonance imaging: dynamic changes during the heart cycle in children.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the dynamic changes in left atrial volume by transthoracic three dimensional echocardiography and compare the results with those obtained by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
  
  
  METHODS
  30 healthy children (15 boys and 15 girls, aged 8 to 13 years) underwent examination by three dimensional echocardiography and MRI.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three dimensional echocardiography of the left atrium was performed using rotational acquisition of planes at 18 degrees intervals from the parasternal window with ECG gating and without respiratory gating. Volume estimation by MRI was performed with a slice thickness of 4-8 mm and ECG triggering during breath holding in deep inspiration. A left atrial time-volume curve was reconstructed in each child.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Left atrial maximum and minimum volumes averaged 24.0 ml/m(2) and 7. 6 ml/m(2) by three dimensional echocardiography, and 22.1 ml/m(2) and 11.9 ml/m(2) by MRI. The greater left atrial minimum volume in the latter was at least in part a result of breath holding. Dynamic changes in left atrial volume during the heart cycle were detectable by both methods. The higher temporal resolution of three dimensional echocardiography allowed a more precise evaluation of different phases.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Three dimensional echocardiography and MRI were both useful methods for studying the physiological volume changes in the left atrium in children. These methods may be used for further study of the systolic and diastolic function of the heart.
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatrics, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland. tuija.poutanen@koti.tpo.fi
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Poutanen
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ikonen
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Vainio
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Jokinen
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tikanoja
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D016279:Atrial Function, Left; D002648:Child; D019560:Echocardiography, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods*; D004562:Electrocardiography; D005260:Female; D006325:Heart Atria / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012119:Respiration