title: GDNF and NT-4 protect midbrain dopaminergic neurons from toxic damage by iron and nitric oxide.
abstract: Free radical formation is considered to be a major cause of dopaminergic (DAergic) cell death in the substantia nigra leading to Parkinson's disease (PD). In this study we employed several radical donors including iron and sodium nitroprusside to induce toxic effects on DAergic neurons cultured from the embryonic rat midbrain floor. Overall cell survival was assessed by assaying LDH, and DAergic neuron survival was monitored by counting tyrosine hydroxylase-positive cells. Our data suggest that the DAergic neuron population is about fourfold more susceptible to free-radical-mediated damage than the total population of midbrain neurons. Application of the neurotrophic factors GDNF and NT-4, for which DAergic neurons have specific receptors, prior to toxin administration protected these neurons from toxin-mediated death, which, fully or in part, occurs under the signs of apoptosis. These findings underscore the importance of GDNF and NT-4 in designing future therapeutical concepts for PD.
authors.affiliation: Neuroanatomy, University of Heidelberg, INF 307, Heidelberg, D-69120, Germany.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lingor
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Unsicker
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Krieglstein
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004298:Dopamine / Q000378:metabolism; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005609:Free Radicals / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000633:toxicity; D051100:Glial Cell Line-Derived Neurotrophic Factor; D007501:Iron / Q000633:toxicity*; D008636:Mesencephalon / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000196:embryology / Q000201:enzymology; D009414:Nerve Growth Factors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009474:Neurons / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D020933:Neurotrophin 3 / Q000494:pharmacology; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000633:toxicity*; D009599:Nitroprusside / Q000633:toxicity; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D014446:Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D005609:Free Radicals; C495041:Gdnf protein, rat; D051100:Glial Cell Line-Derived Neurotrophic Factor; D009414:Nerve Growth Factors; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D020933:Neurotrophin 3; D009599:Nitroprusside; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D007501:Iron; D014446:Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase; C073922:neurotrophin 4; D004298:Dopamine