title: Phase II trial of gemcitabine plus cisplatin in patients with metastatic urothelial cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the activity and toxicity of the combination of gemcitabine and cisplatin in the treatment of chemotherapy-naive patients with metastatic urothelial cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-six patients with measurable stage IV carcinoma of the urothelium were enrolled onto this trial. Gemcitabine 1,000 mg/m(2) was administered intravenously for 30 to 60 minutes on days 1, 8, and 15 of each 28-day cycle. Cisplatin was administered after gemcitabine on day 1 of each cycle. The first 11 patients received an initial cisplatin dose of 100 mg/m(2). Due to the hematologic toxicity observed in several of these patients, the dose was reduced to 75 mg/m(2) in the remaining 35 patients. Patients were treated with six cycles, unless disease progression or severe toxicity necessitated earlier discontinuation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ten of the 46 patients achieved a complete response and nine showed a partial response. The overall response rate was 41%. The median time to treatment failure was 5.5 months. The median survival was 14.3 months, and the 1-year survival probability was 54%. Most of the toxicities were hematologic and, in general, easily manageable.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Gemcitabine plus cisplatin is active in the treatment of metastatic urothelial cancer in chemotherapy-naive patients and has an acceptable clinical safety profile. Studies are under way to further define the place of gemcitabine in combination with other chemotherapeutic agents in the treatment of metastatic urothelial cancer.
authors.affiliation: Massachusetts General Hospital and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kaufman
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Raghavan
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Carducci
authors.forename: E G
authors.initials: EG
authors.lastname: Levine
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Murphy
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Aisner
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kuzel
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nicol
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Oh
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Stadler
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002295:Carcinoma, Transitional Cell / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D002945:Cisplatin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D003841:Deoxycytidine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D016019:Survival Analysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014571:Urologic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D000093542:Gemcitabine
chemical_list: D003841:Deoxycytidine; D002945:Cisplatin; D000093542:Gemcitabine