title: Long-term prognosis of patients with angina treated with enhanced external counterpulsation: five-year follow-up study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Enhanced external counterpulsation (EECP) is a noninvasive treatment for coronary artery disease (CAD) that has been used successfully in patients not responding to medical and/or surgical therapy.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of EECP on long-term prognosis in such patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) were tracked in 33 patients with CAD treated with EECP. Patients were subgrouped based on whether or not they demonstrated an early improvement in radionuclide stress perfusion imaging (Responders vs. Nonresponders) and followed for MACE over a mean follow-up of 5 years. Patient population characteristics included 73% with multivessel disease; 45% with prior myocardial infarction(s); and 61% who had undergone either coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) or percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA), or both.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were 26 of 33 (79%) Responders, and 7 of 33 (21%) Nonresponders. Subsequent MACE over the 5-year follow-up included four deaths and eight patients with cardiovascular events [acute myocardial infarct (4), new CABG or PTCA (6), valve replacement (1), unstable angina (1)]. Nonresponders had significantly (p < 0.01) more MACE (6/7 or 86%) than Responders (6/26 or 23%). Overall, 21 of the 33 (64%) patients remained alive and without MACE and the need for revascularization 5 years post EECP treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study suggests that, particularly for the majority of patients demonstrating improvement in radionuclide stress perfusion post treatment, EECP may be an effective long-term therapy.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, SUNY at Stony Brook 11794, USA.
authors.forename: W E
authors.initials: WE
authors.lastname: Lawson
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Hui
authors.forename: P F
authors.initials: PF
authors.lastname: Cohn
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000787:Angina Pectoris / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000628:therapy*; D017023:Coronary Angiography; D015908:Counterpulsation; D005080:Exercise Test / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D011877:Radionuclide Imaging; D012189:Retrospective Studies