title: Activation of transcription factors NF-kappaB and NF-IL-6 by human immunodeficiency virus type 1 protein R (Vpr) induces interleukin-8 expression.
abstract: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive individuals express elevated levels of interleukin-8 (IL-8), which is believed to be responsible for some of the clinical manifestations occurring during AIDS. We report here that virion-derived HIV type 1 (HIV-1) protein R (Vpr) increased IL-8 expression in primary T cells and macrophages, as well as in the T-cell line Jurkat, the monocytic cell line U937, and the epithelial cell line A549. Vpr appeared to increase IL-8 expression and IL-8 promoter activity by activating transcription factors NF-kappaB and NF-IL-6. Elevated Vpr was also shown to increase transcription of the NF-kappaB and NF-IL-6 enhancer-containing viral promoters for HIV, cytomegalovirus, and simian virus 40, as well as increase the expression of IL-6 and IL-10 in primary macrophages and in A549 cells, tumor necrosis factor alpha expression in primary T cells, and IL-6 and gamma interferon expression in U937 cells. These results suggest a new role for Vpr in the pathogenesis of HIV infection, namely, the activation of transcription factors NF-IL-6 and NF-kappaB.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Ste-Justine Hospital Research Center, Canada.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Roux
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Alfieri
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hrimech
authors.forename: E A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Cohen
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Tanner
mesh_terms: D022762:CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins; D002460:Cell Line; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D016336:Gene Products, vpr / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D019169:Jurkat Cells; D008264:Macrophages / Q000378:metabolism; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism*; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D010957:Plasmids; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000378:metabolism; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism*; D054325:vpr Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus
chemical_list: D022762:CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins; D016207:Cytokines; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D016336:Gene Products, vpr; D016209:Interleukin-8; D016328:NF-kappa B; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors; D054325:vpr Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus