title: Sense codon-dependent introduction of unnatural amino acids into multiple sites of a protein.
abstract: Cell-free protein synthesis, driven by a crude S30 extract from Escherichia coli, has been applied to the preparation of proteins containing unnatural amino acids at specific positions. We have developed methods for inactivating tRNA(Asp) and tRNA(Phe) within a crude E. coli tRNA by an antisense treatment and for digesting most of the tRNA within the S30 extract without essential damage to the ribosomal activity. In the present study, we applied these methods to the substitution of Asp and Phe residues of the HIV-1 protease with unnatural amino acids. With 10 mM Mg(2+), the translation efficiency was higher than that with the other tested concentration, and the misreading efficiency was low. The protease mRNA was translated in the presence of an antisense DNA-treated tRNA mixture and 2-naphthylalanyl- and/or p-phenylazophenylalanyl-tRNA. The results suggest that a good portion of the translation products are substituted at all of the seven positions originally occupied by Asp or Phe.
authors.affiliation: Department of Industrial Chemistry, Chiba Institute of Technology, 2-17-1 Tsudanuma, Narashino, Chiba, 275-0016, Japan.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kanda
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Takai
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hohsaka
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sisido
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Takaku
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D019943:Amino Acid Substitution; D001224:Aspartic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D001391:Azo Compounds; D001483:Base Sequence; D002474:Cell-Free System; D003062:Codon / Q000235:genetics*; D016373:DNA, Antisense / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000378:metabolism*; D016333:HIV Protease / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics*; D008274:Magnesium / Q000378:metabolism; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009690:Nucleic Acid Conformation; D010649:Phenylalanine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D014176:Protein Biosynthesis; D012349:RNA, Transfer, Asp / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics*; D012360:RNA, Transfer, Phe / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics*; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D001391:Azo Compounds; D003062:Codon; D016373:DNA, Antisense; D012349:RNA, Transfer, Asp; D012360:RNA, Transfer, Phe; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D001224:Aspartic Acid; D010649:Phenylalanine; D016333:HIV Protease; D008274:Magnesium