title: Pulmonary infection in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients in Taiwan.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Pulmonary infection is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a retrospective analysis of the pathogens causing pulmonary infection in 272 HIV-infected patients admitted to a university hospital from January 1993 through December 1998.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 158 (58%) patients had pulmonary complications, all but two of whom had acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). There were 156 episodes of pulmonary infection, involving 124 patients. The most common pulmonary infection was Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP): 66 patients had 77 episodes of PCP, all of which occurred in patients with CD4+ lymphocyte counts below 0.2 x 10(9)/L (200/microL). Pulmonary tuberculosis (TB), diagnosed in 47 patients, was the second most common pulmonary infection. Twenty TB patients had open TB. HIV-infected patients who were immigrants from Southeast Asia (9/23, 39%) had a higher risk of developing pulmonary TB than nonimmigrants (38/249, 15%) (p = 0.004). Only one of 17 episodes of community-acquired bacterial pneumonia was caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae. Less common opportunistic pulmonary pathogens included cytomegalovirus (5 cases), Aspergillus species (3), Cryptococcus neoformans (3), Mycobacterium avium complex (2), Penicillium marneffei (1), Nocardia species (1), and Rhodococcus equi (1).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PCP and pulmonary TB are the two leading pulmonary infections in Taiwanese HIV/AIDS patients. These findings should be taken into consideration when developing management strategies and public health policies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei.
authors.forename: C T
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Fang
authors.forename: C C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Hung
authors.forename: S C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: P R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Hsueh
authors.forename: Y L
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: M Y
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: K T
authors.initials: KT
authors.lastname: Luh
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D018791:CD4 Lymphocyte Count; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011020:Pneumonia, Pneumocystis / Q000209:etiology*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014397:Tuberculosis, Pulmonary / Q000209:etiology*