title: Overexpression of catalase in the mitochondrial or cytosolic compartment increases sensitivity of HepG2 cells to tumor necrosis factor-alpha-induced apoptosis.
abstract: The sensitivity of HepG2 cells overexpressing catalase in either the cytosolic or mitochondrial compartment to tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and cycloheximide was studied. Cells overexpressing catalase in the cytosol (C33 cells) and especially in mitochondria (mC5 cells) were more sensitive to TNF-alpha-induced apoptosis than were control cells (Hp cells). The activities of caspase-3 and -8 were increased by TNF-alpha, with the highest activities found in mC5 cells. Sodium azide, an inhibitor of catalase, reduced the increased sensitivity of mC5 and C33 cells to TNF-alpha to the level of toxicity found with control Hp cells. Azide also decreased the elevated caspase-3 activity of mC5 cells. A pan-caspase inhibitor prevented the TNF-alpha-induced apoptosis and toxicity produced by catalase overexpression. Addition of H(2)O(2) prevented TNF-alpha-induced apoptosis and caspase activation, an effect prevented by simultaneous addition of catalase. TNF-alpha plus cycloheximide increased ATP levels, with higher levels in C33 and mC5 cells compared with Hp cells. TNF-alpha did not produce apoptosis in mC5 cells maintained in a low energy state. TNF-alpha signaling was not altered by the overexpression of catalase, as activation of nuclear factor kappaB and AP-1 by TNF-alpha was similar in the three cell lines. These results suggest that catalase, overexpressed in the cytosolic or especially the mitochondrial compartment, potentiates TNF-alpha-induced apoptosis and activation of caspases by removal of H(2)O(2).
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York 10029, USA.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bai
authors.forename: A I
authors.initials: AI
authors.lastname: Cederbaum
mesh_terms: D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000378:metabolism; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D002374:Catalase / Q000378:metabolism*; D002451:Cell Compartmentation; D002460:Cell Line; D003513:Cycloheximide / Q000494:pharmacology; D003600:Cytosol / Q000201:enzymology*; D006801:Humans; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000494:pharmacology; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000201:enzymology*; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D018808:Transcription Factor AP-1 / Q000378:metabolism; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D016328:NF-kappa B; D018808:Transcription Factor AP-1; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; D003513:Cycloheximide; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D002374:Catalase