title: Nanosecond electron microscopes
abstract: Combining electron optics, fast electronics and pulsed lasers, a transmission and a photoelectron emission microscope were built, which visualize events in thin films and on surfaces with a time resolution of several nanoseconds. The high-speed electron microscopy is capable to track fast laser-induced processes in metals below the ablation threshold, which are difficult to detect by other imaging techniques. The material response to nano- and femtosecond laser pulses was found to be very different. It was dominated by thermo/chemocapillary flow and chemical reactions in the case of nanosecond pulses, and by mechanical deformations and non-thermal electron emission after a femtosecond pulse.
authors.affiliation: Optisches Institut der Technischen Universitat Berlin, Germany. rohn0432@mailszrz.zrz.tu-berlin.de
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Bostanjoglo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Elschner
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Mao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nink
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Weingartner