title: Patterns of infant mortality caused by major congenital anomalies.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We assessed the impact of recent advances in perinatal care on infant mortality due to congenital anomaly.
  
  
  METHODS
  Analysis of trends in congenital anomaly-attributed infant mortality, using the 1981-1995 Statistics Canada's birth and death records, with a total of 2,878,826 live births, 21,883 infant deaths, and 6, 908 infant deaths due to congenital anomalies.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Infant mortality due to major congenital anomaly decreased from 3.11 per 1, 000 live births in 1981 to 1.89 per 1,000 live births in 1995. Cause-specific infant mortality rates for anencephaly, spina bifida, other central nervous system anomalies, cardiovascular system anomalies, respiratory system anomalies, digestive system anomalies, certain musculoskeleton anomalies, urinary system anomalies, chromosomal anomalies, and multiple congenital anomalies were 0.20, 0.23, 0.27, 1.04, 0.24, 0.08, 0.22, 0.16, 0.22, and 0.13 per 1,000 live births, respectively, in 1981-1983, whereas corresponding rates were 0.07, 0.07, 0.18, 0.73, 0.25, 0.03, 0.12, 0.12, 0.26, and 0.06 per 1,000 live births, respectively, in 1993-1995.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Recent Canadian data show that infant deaths caused by major congenital anomalies have decreased significantly, but reductions varied substantially according to specific forms of anomalies.
authors.affiliation: Bureau of Reproductive and Child Health, Laboratory Centre for Disease Control, Ottawa, Canada. shi_wu_wen@hc-sc.gc.ca
authors.forename: S W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Wen
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: K S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Joseph
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rouleau
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Allen
mesh_terms: D002170:Canada; D000013:Congenital Abnormalities / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000401:mortality*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007226:Infant Mortality / Q000639:trends*; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D018743:Perinatal Care / Q000639:trends*; D013997:Time Factors