title: Depression and anxiety as predictors of outcome after myocardial infarction.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study was to investigate the significance of emotional distress immediately after a myocardial infarction as a predictor of physical, psychological, and social outcomes and resource use.
  
  
  METHODS
  In an epidemiological survey, demographic and cardiological data were obtained for all patients from a defined geographical area who had had a myocardial infarction (according to diagnostic criteria of the Monitoring Trends and Determinants in Cardiovascular Disease [MONICA] trial). Hospital survivors were interviewed and were asked to complete self-report assessments on mental state and quality of life. Full replies were available at baseline for 347 subjects. Self-report follow-up questionnaire information was collected 3 months and 1 year later.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fifteen percent of patients scored as probable cases of anxiety or depression. They were more likely than noncases to report preinfarct distress and poor adjustment (as indicated on the 36-item Medical Outcome Study short form). There was an improvement at 3 months, but there was little overall or individual change after that time. Anxiety and depression did not predict subsequent mortality but did significantly predict poor outcome at 1 year on all dimensions of the 36-item short form quality-of-life measure and on specific measures of everyday activity and reports of chest pain, use of primary care resources, and secondary prevention lifestyle changes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Subjects who are distressed in the hospital are at high risk of adverse psychological and quality-of-life outcomes during the ensuing year. Our findings strengthen the argument for in-hospital identification and treatment of patients with depression and anxiety after myocardial infarction.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Warneford Hospital, United Kingdom. richard.mayou@psych.ox.ac.uk
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Mayou
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gill
authors.forename: D R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Thompson
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Day
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hicks
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Volmink
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Neil
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001007:Anxiety; D003863:Depression; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008019:Life Style; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000401:mortality / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000523:psychology*; D011159:Population Surveillance; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D011788:Quality of Life / Q000523:psychology*; D012307:Risk Factors; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D006113:United Kingdom / Q000453:epidemiology