title: Ventricular contraction abnormalities in dilated cardiomyopathy: effect of biventricular pacing to correct interventricular dyssynchrony.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To measure ventricular contractile synchrony in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) and to evaluate the effects of biventricular pacing on contractile synchrony and ejection fraction.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Dilated cardiomyopathy is characterized by abnormal ventricular activation and contraction. Biventricular pacing may promote a more coordinated ventricular contraction pattern in these patients. We hypothesized that biventricular pacing would improve synchrony of right ventricular and left ventricular (RV/LV) contraction, resulting in improved ventricular ejection fraction.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirteen patients with DCM and intraventricular conduction delay underwent multiple gated equilibrium blood pool scintigraphy. Phase image analysis was applied to the scintigraphic data and mean phase angles computed for the RV and LV. Phase measures of interventricular (RV/LV) synchrony were computed in sinus rhythm and during atrial sensed biventricular pacing (BiV).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The degree of interventricular dyssynchrony present in normal sinus rhythm correlated with LV ejection fraction (r = -0.69, p < 0.01). During BiV, interventricular contractile synchrony improved overall from 27.5 +/- 23.1 degrees to 14.1 +/- 13 degrees (p = 0.01). The degree of interventricular dyssynchrony present in sinus rhythm correlated with the magnitude of improvement in synchrony during BiV (r = 0.83, p < 0.001). Left ventricular ejection fraction increased in all thirteen patients during BiV, from 17.2 +/- 7.9% to 22.5 +/- 8.3% (p < 0.0001) and correlated significantly with improvement in RV/LV synchrony during BiV (r = 0.86, p < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Dilated cardiomyopathy with intraventricular conduction delay is associated with significant interventricular dyssynchrony. Improvements in interventricular synchrony during biventricular pacing correlate with acute improvements in LV ejection fraction.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, USA.
authors.forename: W F
authors.initials: WF
authors.lastname: Kerwin
authors.forename: E H
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Botvinick
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: O'Connell
authors.forename: S H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Merrick
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: DeMarco
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Chatterjee
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Scheibly
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Saxon
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002037:Bundle-Branch Block / Q000150:complications; D002304:Cardiac Pacing, Artificial / Q000379:methods*; D002311:Cardiomyopathy, Dilated / Q000150:complications*; D004562:Electrocardiography; D005260:Female; D015637:Gated Blood-Pool Imaging; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009200:Myocardial Contraction; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013318:Stroke Volume; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D018754:Ventricular Dysfunction / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*