title: Morphometric and mechanical properties of femora in young adult male turkeys with and without femoral fractures.
abstract: Morphologic and torsional mechanical properties of femora were evaluated in three groups of turkeys to determine whether turkeys that incurred femoral fracture have different radiographic, morphologic, and torsional mechanical properties than do turkeys without femoral fracture, and if body weight was a factor differentiating affected and nonaffected turkeys. Nine turkeys with unilateral femoral fractures and nine turkeys without fractures from Farm A were compared with a group of nine age and genetically matched turkeys from Farm B. Turkeys from Farm A were 10 to 25% heavier (26.2+/-0.9 kg) and turkeys from Farm B were 10% lighter (18.2+/-0.9 kg) than expected breed standards. Femoral length, cortical thickness, medullary diameter, and diaphyseal curvature were measured from craniocaudal and lateromedial radiographs. One intact femur from each of five turkeys with a contralateral femoral fracture (Farm A), nine unaffected turkeys from Farm A, and nine turkeys from Farm B were subjected to failure in a torsion test. Geometric and mechanical results were compared. Turkeys from Farm A had a thicker cortex and a smaller medullary diameter than turkeys from Farm B. Turkeys from Farm A had significantly lower torsional stiffness and failure torque values compared with turkeys from Farm B, when differences in body weight were accounted for (analysis of covariance, P < 0.05). Mechanical failure torque calculated from geometric values suggests that organic or inorganic material arrangement and composition may be responsible, in part, for differences between groups. Femoral fractures may be associated with insufficient skeletal adaptation to heavy body weight.
authors.affiliation: California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory System, Fresno Branch, University of California, Davis 93725, USA. rcrespo@cvdls.ucdavis.edu
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Crespo
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Stover
authors.forename: K T
authors.initials: KT
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.forename: R P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Chin
authors.forename: H L
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Shivaprasad
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D001835:Body Weight; D005264:Femoral Fractures / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000662:veterinary*; D005269:Femur / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D011201:Poultry Diseases / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D014422:Turkeys