title: Catheter ablation of atrial flutter due to amiodarone therapy for paroxysmal atrial fibrillation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Antiarrhythmic drug treatment for atrial fibrillation can cause atrial flutter-like arrhythmias. The aim of this study was to clarify the effect of catheter ablation of the tricuspid annulus-vena cava inferior isthmus on amiodarone-induced atrial flutter and to determine the incidence of atrial fibrillation after catheter ablation of amiodarone-induced atrial flutter in comparison to regular typical flutter.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among 92 consecutive patients with typical atrial flutter who underwent isthmus ablation 28 patients had atrial flutter without a history of previous atrial fibrillation (group I), 10 patients had atrial flutter following the initiation of amiodarone therapy for paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (group II) and 54 patients had atrial flutter and atrial fibrillation (group III). Atrial cycle length during atrial flutter in amiodarone-treated patients (group II) (277+/-24 ms) was significantly longer as compared to the cycle length of atrial flutter in group I (247+/-33 ms) and group III patients (235+/-28 ms). The rate of successful transient entrainment and overdrive stimulation to sinus rhythm was not different between patients with (60%) or without amiodarone therapy (group I: 71%, group III: 53%). Successful isthmus ablation with bidirectional conduction block eliminating right atrial flutter was achieved in 90% of amiodarone-treated patients and 93% of patients without amiodarone therapy. In the amiodarone-treated patient group atrial conduction times during pacing in sinus rhythm were significantly prolonged by 20-30% before and after ablation in all regions of the reentrant circuit. During a mean follow-up of 8+/-3 months post-ablation, atrial fibrillation recurred in two of 10 patients on continued amiodarone therapy after successful isthmus ablation. Thus, successful catheter ablation of atrial flutter due to amiodarone therapy was associated with a markedly lower recurrence rate of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (20%) as compared to patients with atrial flutter plus preexisting paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (76%) and was similar to the outcome of patients with successful atrial flutter ablation without preexisting atrial fibrillation (25%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data suggest that isthmus ablation with bidirectional block and continuation of amiodarone therapy is an effective therapy for the treatment of atrial flutter due to amiodarone therapy for paroxysmal atrial fibrillation.
authors.affiliation: Medizinische Klinik I, Klinikum Grosshadern, Universität München, Germany.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Reithmann
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Hoffmann
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Spitzlberger
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Dorwarth
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gerth
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Remp
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Steinbeck
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000638:Amiodarone / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000889:Anti-Arrhythmia Agents / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001281:Atrial Fibrillation / Q000188:drug therapy*; D001282:Atrial Flutter / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000628:therapy*; D017115:Catheter Ablation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged
chemical_list: D000889:Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; D000638:Amiodarone