title: Polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy in exudative and haemorrhagic pigment epithelial detachments.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the prevalence of polypoidal choroidopathy in consecutive patients presenting with large haemorrhagic and exudative neurosensory retinal and retinal pigment epithelial detachments (PEDs) of over 2 mm in diameter in the absence of drusen.
  
  
  METHODS
  40 patients were identified over a 5 month period of which 29 had haemorrhagic detachments, and 11 had purely exudative detachments. All had indocyanine green (ICG) angiography, and the presence was sought of large blood vessels in the choroid associated with localised dilated terminals that filled slowly and leaked ICG.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In 34 cases (85%) there was an appearance consistent with previous descriptions of idiopathic polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy. Of the six without polypoidal lesions the disorder was attributed to choroidal neovascularisation in four, chorioretinitis in one, and a fibrovascular PED in one. Of those with polypoidal lesions 20 (65%) were female, the mean age was 65.4 years (range 44-88), and 25 (74%) were white, seven (20%) black, and two (6%) east Asian. Eight had a history of hypertension. Visual acuity varied from 6/6 to counting fingers in the involved eye (mean 6/24). Bilateral polypoidal choroidal lesions were demonstrated in 16 patients (47%). The predominant location for these lesions was the macular region in 23 patients (68%). Polypoidal vasculopathy was found in 16 patients (47%) who had a previous diagnosis of age related macular disease (AMD). No patients had evidence of intraocular inflammation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In a largely white patient population a high proportion of patients with haemorrhagic and exudative PEDs has evidence of polypoidal lesions on ICG angiography.
authors.affiliation: Moorfields Eye Hospital and the Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK.
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Ahuja
authors.forename: P E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Stanga
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Vingerling
authors.forename: A C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Reck
authors.forename: A C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Bird
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002829:Choroid / Q000098:blood supply*; D004396:Coloring Agents; D005122:Exudates and Transudates; D005260:Female; D005451:Fluorescein Angiography; D006801:Humans; D007208:Indocyanine Green; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016491:Peripheral Vascular Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012163:Retinal Detachment / Q000150:complications*; D012166:Retinal Hemorrhage / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis
chemical_list: D004396:Coloring Agents; D007208:Indocyanine Green