title: Positron emission tomography using [(18)F]Fluorodeoxyglucose for monitoring primary chemotherapy in breast cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To address the role of positron emission tomography (PET) using [(18)F]fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) to monitor primary (neoadjuvant) chemotherapy in patients with locally advanced breast cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Quantification of regional FDG uptake of the breast acquired after the first and second courses of chemotherapy was compared with the baseline scan in 22 patients with a total of 24 breast carcinomas. To evaluate the predictive value of PET imaging, histopathologic response after completion of chemotherapy classified as gross residual disease (GRD) or minimal residual disease (MRD) served as the gold standard.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Significant differences in tracer uptake between nonresponding tumors (GRD) and responding lesions (MRD) were observed (P <.05) as early as after the first course of chemotherapy. Tracer uptake showed little change in tumors with GRD found later in pathologic analysis but decreased sharply to the background level in most tumors with MRD. After the first course, all responders were correctly identified (sensitivity 100%, specificity 85%) by a standardized uptake value decrease below 55% of the baseline scan. At this threshold, histopathologic response could be predicted with an accuracy of 88% and 91% after the first and second courses of therapy, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study demonstrates that in patients with advanced breast cancer undergoing primary chemotherapy, FDG-PET differentiates responders from nonresponders early in the course of therapy. This may help improve patient management by avoiding ineffective chemotherapy and supporting the decision to continue dose-intensive preoperative chemotherapy in responding patients.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Gynecology, Nuclear Medicine, and Pathology, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schelling
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Avril
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Nährig
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Kuhn
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Römer
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sattler
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Werner
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dose
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Jänicke
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Graeff
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schwaiger
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D018270:Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000188:drug therapy; D018275:Carcinoma, Lobular / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000188:drug therapy; D003520:Cyclophosphamide / Q000008:administration & dosage; D015251:Epirubicin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005260:Female; D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D017239:Paclitaxel / Q000008:administration & dosage; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012372:ROC Curve; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014055:Tomography, Emission-Computed
chemical_list: D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; D015251:Epirubicin; D003520:Cyclophosphamide; D017239:Paclitaxel