title: Gastric mucosal damage caused by monochloramine in the rat and protective effect of taurine: endoscopic observation through gastric fistula.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The mechanism of Helicobacter pylori-induced gastric mucosal injury is unknown, but H. pylori infection is conducive to accumulation in the stomach of monochloramine, a cytotoxic substance. The present study involved morphological investigation of the damaging effects of monochloramine on rat gastric mucosa, using endoscopic observations through a gastric fistula. The study also examined the protective effect of taurine against monochloramine-induced gastric mucosal lesions in rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  The effects of monochloramine in rats were studied by administering the substance via a gastrostomy, which was then used to conduct a series of endoscopic observations. Local blood flow was measured using a laser Doppler method. Histological examination was carried out after 24 hours. Various monochloramine concentrations were used, and some animals were pretreated with taurine, a monochloramine scavenger, via the gastrostomy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Endoscopically, monochloramine was found to produce hemorrhagic mucosal erosions, mainly in the gastric body, in a time-dependent and concentration-dependent manner. Blood flow was decreased in advance of mucosal erosion. Taurine prevented mucosal injury by 30 mM monochloramine, the highest concentration tested.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although only the first 24 hours of mucosal injury were observed in the present study, the most likely mechanisms by which monochloramine caused injury to the gastric mucosa appeared to be both oxidative damage and a reduction in blood flow, impairing the mucosal defense mechanism.
authors.affiliation: Department of Metabolism and Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Kyoto University, Japan.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kodama
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tsukada
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ooya
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Onomura
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Saito
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fukuda
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Taniguchi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tominaga
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hosokawa
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fujita
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Seino
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D002700:Chloramines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004347:Drug Interactions; D005753:Gastric Mucosa / Q000098:blood supply / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology*; D005773:Gastroscopy / Q000379:methods*; D005774:Gastrostomy; D008297:Male; D011336:Probability; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012016:Reference Values; D012039:Regional Blood Flow; D013654:Taurine / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D002700:Chloramines; D013654:Taurine; C030816:chloramine