title: Treatment resistant smokers: a pilot study of nicotine nasal spray and inhaler.
abstract: A growing proportion of smokers are those who have failed prior treatments for cessation. We tested the efficacy of nicotine nasal spray and nicotine inhaler in two uncontrolled, open-label studies of 19 and 20 smokers who had previously failed nicotine patch therapy. As in the three prior studies of treatment failures, 6 month abstinence rates were extremely low both with the nasal spray (0%) and the inhaler (5%). We discuss possible treatments for and methodological issues in researching treatment-resistant smokers.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont, Burlington 05401-1419, USA.
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Hughes
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Grass
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Pillitteri
mesh_terms: D000281:Administration, Intranasal; D000328:Adult; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009330:Nebulizers and Vaporizers; D009538:Nicotine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D010865:Pilot Projects; D019233:Retreatment; D016540:Smoking Cessation / Q000379:methods*; D017211:Treatment Failure
chemical_list: D009538:Nicotine