title: Bag-1 and Bcl-2 gene transfer in malignant glioma: modulation of cell cycle regulation and apoptosis.
abstract: Bag-1 is a heat shock 70 kDa (Hsp70)-binding protein that can collaborate with Bcl-2 in suppressing apoptosis under some conditions. Here, we report that 11 of 12 human glioma cell lines express Bag-1 protein in vitro. Moreover, 15 of 19 human glioblastomas expressed Bag-1 as assessed by immunohistochemistry in primary tumor specimens. To examine the biological effects of Bag-1 in glioma cells, we expressed Bag-1 or Bcl-2 transgenes in 2 human malignant glioma cell lines, LN-18 and LN-229. Bag-1 significantly slowed glioma cell growth and reduced clonogenicity of both cell lines in vitro. Coexpressed Bcl-2 abrogated these effects of Bag-1. Intracranial LN-229 glioma xenografts implanted into nude mice revealed a substantial growth advantage afforded by Bcl-2. Bag-1 had no such effect, either in the absence or presence of Bcl-2. Upon serum starvation in vitro, Bcl-2 prevented cell death whereas Bag-1 did not. Both Bcl-2 and Bag-1 slowed proliferation of serum-starved cells when expressed alone. Importantly, coexpression of Bcl-2 and Bag-1 provided a distinct growth advantage under conditions of serum starvation that is probably the result of (i) the death-preventing activity of Bcl-2 and (ii) the property of Bag-1 to overcome a Bcl-2-mediated enhancement of exit from the cell cycle. In contrast to these Bcl-2/Bag-1 interactions observed under serum starvation conditions, Bag-1 did not further enhance the strong protection from staurosporine-, CD95 (Fas/Apo1) ligand-, Apo2 ligand (TRAIL)- or chemotherapeutic drug-induced apoptosis afforded by Bcl-2. Taken together, these results indicate a role for Bag-1/Bcl-2 interactions in providing a survival advantage to cancer cells in a deprived microenvironment that may be characteristic of ischemic/hypoxic tumors such as human glioblastoma multiforme, and suggest that Bcl-2/Bag-1 interactions also modulate cell proliferation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, University of Tübingen, School of Medicine, Germany.
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Roth
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Grimmel
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Rieger
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Strik
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Takayama
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Krajewski
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Meyermann
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dichgans
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Reed
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Weller
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000502:physiology*; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D002455:Cell Division / Q000502:physiology; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D016895:Culture Media, Serum-Free; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D004357:Drug Synergism; D005910:Glioma / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008819:Mice, Nude; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000502:physiology*; D014157:Transcription Factors; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: C091732:BCL2-associated athanogene 1 protein; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D016895:Culture Media, Serum-Free; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D014157:Transcription Factors