title: Pharmacokinetics, tissue distribution, metabolism, and excretion of celecoxib in rats.
abstract: The pharmacokinetics, tissue distribution, metabolism, and excretion of celecoxib, 4-[5-(4-methylphenyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl] benzenesulfonamide, a cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor, were investigated in rats. Celecoxib was metabolized extensively after i.v. administration of [(14)C]celecoxib, and elimination of unchanged compound was minor (less than 2%) in male and female rats. The only metabolism of celecoxib observed in rats was via a single oxidative pathway. The methyl group of celecoxib is first oxidized to a hydroxymethyl metabolite, followed by additional oxidation of the hydroxymethyl group to a carboxylic acid metabolite. Glucuronide conjugates of both the hydroxymethyl and carboxylic acid metabolites are formed. Total mean percent recovery of the radioactive dose was about 100% for both the male rat (9.6% in urine; 91.7% in feces) and the female rat (10.6% in urine; 91.3% in feces). After oral administration of [(14)C]celecoxib at doses of 20, 80, and 400 mg/kg, the majority of the radioactivity was excreted in the feces (88-94%) with the remainder of the dose excreted in the urine (7-10%). Both unchanged drug and the carboxylic acid metabolite of celecoxib were the major radioactive components excreted with the amount of celecoxib excreted in the feces increasing with dose. When administered orally, celecoxib was well distributed to the tissues examined with the highest concentrations of radioactivity found in the gastrointestinal tract. Maximal concentration of radioactivity was reached in most all tissues between 1 and 3 h postdose with the half-life paralleling that of plasma, with the exception of the gastrointestinal tract tissues.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Pharmacokinetics and Bioavailability, G.D. Searle & Co., Skokie, Illinois, USA. Susan.K.Paulson@monsanto.com
authors.forename: S K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Paulson
authors.forename: J Y
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: A P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Breau
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Hribar
authors.forename: N W
authors.initials: NW
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Jessen
authors.forename: Y M
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Lawal
authors.forename: J N
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Cogburn
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Gresk
authors.forename: C S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Markos
authors.forename: T J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Maziasz
authors.forename: G L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Schoenhard
authors.forename: E G
authors.initials: EG
authors.lastname: Burton
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D019540:Area Under Curve; D001646:Bile / Q000378:metabolism; D001652:Bile Ducts / Q000502:physiology; D001711:Biotransformation; D000068579:Celecoxib; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D005243:Feces / Q000737:chemistry; D005260:Female; D006207:Half-Life; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D008297:Male; D011720:Pyrazoles; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013449:Sulfonamides / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D014018:Tissue Distribution
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D011720:Pyrazoles; D013449:Sulfonamides; D000068579:Celecoxib