title: Patient centeredness in medical encounters requiring an interpreter.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Patient-centered interviewing is associated with greater patient satisfaction and better medical outcomes than traditional encounters, but actively seeking patients' views of their illnesses and encouraging patients to express expectations, thoughts, and feelings is difficult in encounters that require an interpreter. We sought to examine physicians' use of the patient-centered approach with patients who required the assistance of an interpreter.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional sample of patients was videorecorded during visits with physicians at a multi-ethnic, university-affiliated, primary care clinic. Nineteen medical encounters of Spanish-speaking patients who required an interpreter and 19 matched English-speaking encounters were coded for frequency that patients mentioned symptoms, feelings, expectations, and thoughts (collectively called "offers"). Physicians' responses were coded as ignoring, closed, open, or facilitative of further discussion.
  
  
  RESULTS
  English-speaking patients made a mean (+/- SD) of 20 +/- 11 offers, compared with 7 +/- 4 for Spanish-speaking patients (P = 0.001). Spanish-speaking patients also were less likely to receive facilitation from their physicians and were more likely to have their comments ignored (P <0.005). English-speaking patients usually received an answer or acknowledgment to their questions even if the physicians did not encourage further discussion on the topic.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Spanish-speaking patients are at a double disadvantage in encounters with English-speaking physicians: these patients make fewer comments, and the ones they do make are more likely to be ignored. The communication difficulties may result in lower adherence rates and poorer medical outcomes among Spanish-speaking patients.
authors.affiliation: School of Social Ecology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rivadeneyra
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Elderkin-Thompson
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Silver
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Waitzkin
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001294:Attitude to Health / Q000208:ethnology*; D002140:California; D002489:Central America / Q000208:ethnology; D003144:Communication Barriers; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004641:Emigration and Immigration; D005260:Female; D006630:Hispanic or Latino / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D007407:Interviews as Topic / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008800:Mexico / Q000208:ethnology; D008875:Middle Aged; D018802:Patient-Centered Care / Q000379:methods*; D010817:Physician-Patient Relations; D014175:Translating; D014743:Videotape Recording