title: Effect of prehospital advanced life support on outcomes of major trauma patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Determine whether prehospital advanced life support (ALS) improves the survival of major trauma patients and whether it is associated with longer on-scene times.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 36-month retrospective study of all major trauma patients who received either prehospital bag-valve-mask (BVM) or endotracheal intubation (ETI) and were transported by paramedics to our Level I trauma center. Logistic regression analysis determined the association of prehospital ALS with patient survival.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 9,451 major trauma patients, 496 (5.3%) had either BVM or ETI. Eighty-one percent received BVM, with a mean Injury Severity Score of 29 and a mortality rate of 67%; 93 patients (19%) underwent successful ETI, with a mean Injury Severity Score of 35 and a mortality rate of 93%. Adjusted survival for patients who had BVM was 5.3 times more likely than for patients who had ETI (95% confidence interval, 2.3-14.2, p = 0.00). Survival among patients who received intravenous fluids was 3.9 times more likely than those who did not (p = not significant). Average on-scene times for patients who had ETI or intravenous fluids were not significantly longer than those who had BVM or no intravenous fluids.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  ALS procedures can be performed by paramedics on major trauma patients without prolonging on-scene time, but they do not seem to improve survival.
authors.affiliation: University of Southern California School of Medicine, Los Angeles, USA. eckstein@hsc.usc.edu
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Eckstein
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Schneir
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Palmer
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004632:Emergency Medical Services; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007442:Intubation, Intratracheal; D017214:Laryngeal Masks; D008020:Life Support Care; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015996:Survival Rate; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014947:Wounds and Injuries / Q000401:mortality*