title: Comparison of the depth of the desiccated zone with selected vaporizing-cutting electrodes: a basic study in animals.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate in an animal model the haemostatic efficacy of vaporizing-cutting (VC) electrodes recently developed for use in high-energy transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP).
  
  
  METHODS
  Four VC electrodes were assessed for their haemostatic efficacy in the muscle and liver of pigs (in vitro) and dogs (in vivo). The devices tested were the roller-cutting and Vapor Cut (Karl Storz GmbH, Germany); the Wedge (Boston Scientific Corp., Boston, USA); and the Uroloop (Endocare Inc., Irvine, CA). In each the depth of the desiccated zone was compared with that produced by a standard cutting loop electrode. Each electrode was attached to a scanning system (developed previously) that allowed the electrode pressure on the tissue surface (in 3% sorbitol solution) and the running speed to be adjusted. The same generator was used with all devices. The tissue (muscle or liver) was cut by running the electrode over the surface at 200, 250 or 300 W, with the loop electrode used as the reference. After completing the procedure, the surgical wound and the surrounding tissue were dissected out and the depth of the heat-affected zone (HAZ, defined as the desiccated zone) measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In pig muscle (stroke speed 5 mm/s) there was no significant difference in the depth of the HAZ between the four VC electrodes and the loop, or among the VC electrodes at any of the power levels tested. In pig liver (stroke speed 5 mm/s), the roller cutting and Vapor Cut electrodes produced a thicker HAZ than the loop at all power levels tested (P < 0.01). The Wedge electrode produced a significantly thicker HAZ than the loop at 200 and 300 W (P < 0.01). There were no significant differences in HAZ among the VC electrodes at any power level. In dog muscle in vivo (stroke speed 10 mm/s), the roller cutting, Vapor Cut and Wedge electrodes produced a significantly thicker HAZ at 250 W than the loop at 150 W (the usual power for TURP) (P < 0.01). There was no significant difference among the VC electrodes. In dog liver in vivo (stroke speed 10 mm/s), the roller cutting electrode produced a significantly thicker HAZ at 250 W than the loop at 150 W (P < 0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present VC electrodes produced a thicker desiccation zone at higher powers (200-300 W) than the standard loop at the usual power (150 W). The four VC electrodes produced a similar desiccation zone. With pig muscle and liver in vitro, regular loops used at a higher power created a desiccation zone that was 70-80% of the depth created by the VC electrodes.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Urology and Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ishikawa
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Goya
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Iguchi
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Toda
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nishino
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ishijima
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Toma
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004285:Dogs; D004564:Electrocoagulation / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D004566:Electrodes; D008099:Liver / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D013552:Swine