title: Use of environmental tobacco smoke constituents as markers for exposure.
abstract: The 16-City Study analyzed for gas-phase environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) constituents (nicotine, 3-ethenyl pyridine [3-EP], and myosmine) and for particulate-phase constituents (respirable particulate matter [RSP], ultraviolet-absorbing particulate matter [UVPM], fluorescing particulate matter [FPM], scopoletin, and solanesol). In this second of three articles, we discuss the merits of each constituent as a marker for ETS and report pair-wise comparisons of the markers. Neither nicotine nor UVPM were good predictors for RSP. However, nicotine and UVPM were good qualitative predictors of each other. Nicotine was correlated with other gas-phase constituents. Comparisons between UVPM and other particulate-phase constituents were performed. Its relation with FPM was excellent, with UVPM approximately 1 1/2 times FPM. The correlation between UVPM and solanesol was good, but the relationship between the two was not linear. The relation between UVPM and scopoletin was not good, largely because of noise in the scopoletin measures around its limit of detection. We considered the relation between nicotine and saliva continine, a metabolite of nicotine. The two were highly correlated on the group level. That is, for each cell (smoking home and work, smoking home but nonsmoking work, and so forth), there was high correlation between average continine and 24-hour time-weighted average (TWA) nicotine concentrations. However, on the individual level, the correlations, although significant, were not biologically meaningful. A consideration of cotinine and nicotine or 3-EP on a subset of the study whose only exposure to ETS was exclusively at work or exclusively at home showed that home exposure was a more important source of ETS than work exposure.
authors.affiliation: Johns Hopkins University, Department of Mathematical Sciences, USA.
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: LaKind
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Jenkins
authors.forename: D Q
authors.initials: DQ
authors.lastname: Naiman
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Ginevan
authors.forename: C G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Graves
authors.forename: R G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Tardiff
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D000395:Air Pollutants, Occupational / Q000032:analysis; D000470:Alkaloids / Q000032:analysis; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis; D003367:Cotinine / Q000032:analysis; D004781:Environmental Exposure; D005453:Fluorescence; D005544:Forecasting; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D009538:Nicotine / Q000032:analysis; D018722:Nicotinic Agonists / Q000032:analysis; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000032:analysis; D011725:Pyridines / Q000032:analysis; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012463:Saliva / Q000737:chemistry; D012603:Scopoletin / Q000032:analysis; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012907:Smoking; D013729:Terpenes / Q000032:analysis; D013997:Time Factors; D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution / Q000032:analysis*; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D000395:Air Pollutants, Occupational; D000470:Alkaloids; D015415:Biomarkers; D018722:Nicotinic Agonists; D011725:Pyridines; D013729:Terpenes; D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution; D009538:Nicotine; C002398:myosmine; C017719:solanesol; D003367:Cotinine; D012603:Scopoletin; C023666:pyridine