title: Ethnic differences in the responsiveness of adipocyte lipolytic activity to insulin.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The goal of this study was to quantify differences in lipid metabolism and insulin sensitivity in black and white subjects to explain ethnic clinicopathological differences in type 2 diabetes.
  
  
  METHODS
  The in vitro lipolytic activity of adipocytes isolated from obese black and white women was measured in the presence of insulin and isoproterenol. Insulin resistance was assessed in vivo using the euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp technique.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fasting plasma levels of insulin and nonesterified fatty acid (NEFA) in black and white women were 67 +/- 5 pM vs. 152 +/- 20 pM (p < 0.01) and 863 +/- 93 microM vs. 412 +/- 34 microM (p < 0.01), respectively. Euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp studies showed that obese black subjects were more insulin-resistant than their white counterparts (glucose infusion rates: 1.3 +/- 0.2 vs. 2.2 +/- 0.3 mg/kg per min; p < 0.05). Isolated adipocytes from white women were more responsive to insulin than those from black women with 0.7 nM insulin causing a 55 +/- 4% inhibition of isoproterenol-stimulated lipolysis compared with 27 +/- 10% in black women (p < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The low responsiveness of adipocyte lipolytic activity to insulin in black women in the presence of a relative insulinopenia may account for the high plasma NEFA levels seen in these women, which may, in turn, account for their higher in vivo insulin resistance. High NEFA levels may also contribute to the low insulin secretory activity observed in the obese black females. These data suggest that the pathogenesis of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes within the black obese community is strongly influenced by their adipocyte metabolism.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Pathology, South African Institute for Medical Research, Parktown, South Africa.
authors.forename: E P
authors.initials: EP
authors.lastname: Buthelezi
authors.forename: M T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: van der Merwe
authors.forename: P N
authors.initials: PN
authors.lastname: Lönnroth
authors.forename: I P
authors.initials: IP
authors.lastname: Gray
authors.forename: N J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Crowther
mesh_terms: D017667:Adipocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D000328:Adult; D044383:Black People; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D015309:Glucose Clamp Technique; D005990:Glycerol / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D008066:Lipolysis / Q000187:drug effects*; D009765:Obesity / Q000378:metabolism*; D044465:White People
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; D007328:Insulin; D005990:Glycerol