title: Novel, potent calmodulin antagonists derived from an all-D hexapeptide combinatorial library that inhibit in vivo cell proliferation: activity and structural characterization.
abstract: Calmodulin is known to bind to various amphipathic helical peptide sequences, and the calmodulin-peptide binding surface has been shown to be remarkably tolerant sterically. D-Amino acid peptides, therefore, represent potential nonhydrolysable intracellular antagonists of calmodulin. In the present study, synthetic combinatorial libraries have been used to develop novel D-amino acid hexapeptide antagonists to calmodulin-regulated phosphodiesterase activity. Five hexapeptides were identified from a library containing over 52 million sequences. These peptides inhibited cell proliferation both in cell culture using normal rat kidney cells and by injection via the femoral vein following partial hepatectomy of rat liver cells. These hexapeptides showed no toxic effect on the cells. Despite their short length, the identified hexapeptides appear to adopt a partial helical conformation similar to other known calmodulin-binding peptides, as shown by CD spectroscopy in the presence of calmodulin and NMR spectroscopy in DMSO. The present peptides are the shortest peptide calmodulin antagonists reported to date showing potential in vivo activity.
authors.affiliation: Torrey Pines Institute for Molecular Studies, San Diego, CA 92121, USA. sblondelle@tpims.org
authors.forename: S E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Blondelle
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Crooks
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Aligué
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Agell
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Bachs
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Esteve
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tejero
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Celda
authors.forename: M T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Pastor
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Pérez-Payá
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002147:Calmodulin / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002942:Circular Dichroism; D020650:Combinatorial Chemistry Techniques; D006131:Growth Inhibitors / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D008958:Models, Molecular; D008968:Molecular Conformation; D019906:Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular; D009842:Oligopeptides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019151:Peptide Library; D010726:Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D011485:Protein Binding; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013050:Spectrometry, Fluorescence; D013237:Stereoisomerism
chemical_list: D002147:Calmodulin; D006131:Growth Inhibitors; D009842:Oligopeptides; D019151:Peptide Library; D010726:Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors