title: Attributions in chronic fatigue syndrome and fibromyalgia syndrome in tertiary care.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the attributions of patients with chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) and fibromyalgia (FM) consulting at a university fatigue and pain clinic.
  
  
  METHODS
  Consecutive attenders (n = 192) who met the CFS criteria (n = 95) or FM criteria (n = 56) or who had medically unexplained chronic pain and/or fatigue without meeting both criteria (CPF) (n = 41) were evaluated. All subjects completed an extended form of the Cause of Illness Inventory. Descriptive statistics, frequency analyses, chi-square tests, one-way analysis of variance, and sequential Fisher least significant difference tests were performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In total, 48 patients reported physical causes only and 10 patients psychosocial causes only; the majority (70%) mentioned both types of causes. With regard to the contents, "a chemical imbalance in my body" (61%), "a virus" (51%), "stress" (61%), and "emotional confusion" (40%) were reported most frequently. The diagnostic label did not have a significant influence on number and type of attributions. Small to moderate effect sizes were registered concerning the association of specific attributions and diagnosis, sex, duration of the symptoms, contact with a self-help group, and premorbid depression.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The majority of patients with CFS, FM, and CPF reported a great diversity of attributions open to a preferably personalized cognitive behavioral approach. Special attention should be paid to patients with symptoms existing for more than one year and those who had previous contacts with a self-help group. They particularly show external, stable, and global attributions that may compromise feelings of self-efficacy in dealing with the illness.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychosomatic Rehabilitation, University Hospital Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium. eneerinckx@mail.phlimburg.be
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Neerinckx
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Van Houdenhove
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lysens
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Vertommen
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Onghena
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015928:Cognitive Behavioral Therapy; D003863:Depression / Q000175:diagnosis; D015673:Fatigue Syndrome, Chronic / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology* / Q000628:therapy; D005260:Female; D005356:Fibromyalgia / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology* / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010045:Outpatients; D012657:Self-Help Groups; D012737:Sex Factors