title: Incidence and survival characteristics of retinoblastoma in Singapore from 1968-1995.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe the incidence and survival of 69 Singapore residents with retinoblastoma in all Singapore hospitals from 1968-1995.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data of all Singapore residents diagnosed with retinoblastoma from 1968-1995 were collected by the Singapore Cancer Registry based on notifications from physicians, pathology records, hospital discharge records, and death certificates. The medical records of 46 patients were traced, and information on laterality of tumor, spread of tumor, mode of treatment, and family history of retinoblastoma was obtained. Time trends and survival characteristics of the cohort were described.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The incidence rate of retinoblastoma was 2.4 per 1 million for children <9 years and 11.1 per 1 million for children <5 years. The incidence of retinoblastoma has been almost uniform over time from 1968-1995, except for an apparent increase in 1988-1992. The 3-year survival rate for retinoblastoma was 83%. Survival rates were higher in children <2 years because children who present at a younger age may have tumors diagnosed at earlier stages of the disease. There was no difference in survival rates for sex, race, laterality, family history of retinoblastoma, treatment, or year of diagnosis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Retinoblastoma is the most common eye cancer in children that may cause blindness or death. The incidence rates of retinoblastoma in Singapore have remained fairly stable over 28 years, and the survival rate is higher in younger children. This study will be helpful in monitoring future disease patterns in Asian populations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Community, Occupational, and Family Medicine, National University of Singapore, Republic of Singapore.
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Saw
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.forename: S B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: K G
authors.initials: KG
authors.lastname: Au Eong
authors.forename: K S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Chia
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D019572:Retinal Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012175:Retinoblastoma / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012846:Singapore / Q000453:epidemiology; D015996:Survival Rate