title: Hyperthermia enhances the response of paclitaxel and radiation in a mouse adenocarcinoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of our study was to investigate if the efficacy of paclitaxel and paclitaxel-radiation treatments in vivo could be enhanced by hyperthermia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Paclitaxel was administered i.p. in doses from 30 to 60 mg/kg b.w. to (C3D2F1) mice bearing spontaneous mammary carcinoma. Local hyperthermia (41 degrees, 42 degrees, 43 degrees C) was carried out by immersing tumor-bearing legs in a water bath for 1 h. Single X-ray treatments from 10 to 90 Gy were performed. Tumor growth delay (TGD) or tumor control dose (TCD(50), radiation dose needed to induce local tumor control in 50% of irradiated animals) were the endpoints.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A significant increase of dose-dependent growth delay was observed in paclitaxel and 43 degrees C hyperthermia combined treatments, and a superadditive effect was seen with paclitaxel 45 mg/kg. Combined treatments with hyperthermia at 41 degrees and 42 degrees C were less effective. Administration of paclitaxel 24 h, 4 h, and 15 min before or 15 min and 4 h after hyperthermic treatments produced similar results (TGDs varying from 22.1 to 17 days), and administering paclitaxel 48 h before or 24 h after hyperthermic treatments decreased TGDs (about 10 days). Trimodality treatment (paclitaxel 45 mg/kg, hyperthermia, and X-ray), with a TCD(50) of 14. 1 Gy, in respect to the TCD(50) of 53.1 obtained with X-ray alone, was the most effective.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hyperthermia enhanced the effectiveness of paclitaxel in all the tested protocols. Our results show a superadditive effect of paclitaxel 45 mg/kg combined with a hyperthermic treatment of 1 h at 43 degrees C. Trimodality treatment, evaluated in terms of percentage of cures, shows a very high enhancement ratio.
authors.affiliation: Environmental Department, Section of Toxicology and Biomedical Sciences, ENEA, CR Casaccia, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cividalli
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cruciani
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Livdi
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pasqualetti
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Tirindelli Danesi
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D004354:Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor; D005260:Female; D006979:Hyperthermia, Induced; D015674:Mammary Neoplasms, Animal / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000628:therapy*; D051379:Mice; D017239:Paclitaxel / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011838:Radiation-Sensitizing Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011853:Radiobiology
chemical_list: D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; D011838:Radiation-Sensitizing Agents; D017239:Paclitaxel