title: The relationship of self-efficacy expectancies to relapse among alcohol dependent men and women: a prospective study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We studied the relationship of self-efficacy expectancies measured during inpatient alcohol treatment and time to first drink and time to relapse following hospitalization. We also examined whether the relationship of in-hospital self-efficacy and posttreatment drinking outcome differed by gender.
  
  
  METHODS
  We measured self-efficacy expectancies using the Situational Confidence Questionnaire (SCQ) in 100 subjects (59 men) during inpatient treatment for alcohol dependence. We followed subjects monthly for 1 year and examined the relationship of their in-hospital SCQ scores to posttreatment drinking behavior, as measured by time to first drink, time to relapse and percent abstinent days.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Self-efficacy during hospitalization was related to relapse during the 12 months following hospitalization. Survival analysis demonstrated that in-hospital SCQ scores greater than 45 were predictive of better drinking outcomes. The median number of days to relapse after treatment were 30 and 135, respectively, in those with in-hospital SCQ scores less than or equal to 45 compared with those with SCQ scores greater than 45. There were no gender differences in self-efficacy measured during hospitalization, nor were there gender differences in the relationship of self-efficacy to time to relapse. However, men with SCQ scores less than or equal to 45 had fewer abstinent days during follow-up.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Among both men and women being treated for alcohol dependence, a cut-off score of 45 on the SCQ may be especially important in helping clinicians assess patients who are at high risk for more rapid return to drinking after hospitalization.
authors.affiliation: McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts 02178, USA.
authors.forename: S F
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Greenfield
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Hufford
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Vagge
authors.forename: L R
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Muenz
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Costello
authors.forename: R D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Weiss
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000437:Alcoholism / Q000523:psychology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012008:Recurrence; D020377:Self Efficacy; D012737:Sex Factors; D013695:Temperance / Q000523:psychology