title: Alteration in alpha 2 integrin immunocytochemical expression on cultured human gingival fibroblasts following nicotine exposure.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Clinical epidemiologic studies carried out in smokers versus non smokers support the concept that tobacco-related factor may affect the periodontal tissues and wound healing.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this study, the role of nicotine on the integrin alpha 2 chain immunocytochemical expression, in human gingival fibroblasts (HGF) was investigated in vitro. The kinetic induction of this type of integrin on HGF in response to increasing percentage of nicotine was been characterized. A human gingival fibroblast strain, derived from a healthy individual with non-inflamed gingiva, was used in this study. The cells were then grown on acetylated microscope slides and fixed with cold ethanol, samples were then incubated for 16 to 19 hrs at 4 degrees C to anti-human alpha 2 integrin chain monoclonal antibody.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In control cultures and in HGF treated with 0.025 microM nicotine the initial higher expression of alpha 2 chain decreased (grade 1 in both culture) while in HGF treated with 0.075 microM increased (grade 3). After 48 hours HGF exposed to 0.075 microM nicotine, increased further their expression of alpha 2 chain.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results obtained demonstrate a dose-time dependent nicotine influence on immunocytochemical expression of alpha 2 integrin chain. These data suggest that nicotine may promote a collagene breakdown via an increase of alpha 2 integrin chain expression.
authors.affiliation: Cattedra di Ortognatodonzia e Gnatologia, Scuola di Specializzazione in Ortognatodonzia, Università degli Studi, Catania.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Leonardi
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lanteri
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Stivala
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Caltabiano
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Fenga
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Travali
mesh_terms: D002478:Cells, Cultured; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000187:drug effects*; D005881:Gingiva / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D016023:Integrins / Q000032:analysis*; D009538:Nicotine / Q000009:adverse effects*; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D016023:Integrins; D009538:Nicotine