title: Cerebral blood flow and metabolism in severe brain injury: the role of pressure autoregulation during cerebral perfusion pressure management.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To ascertain if norepinephrine can be used as part of the cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) management to increase arterial blood pressure (MAP) without causing cerebral hyperemia after severe head injury (HI).
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective, interventional study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Intensive care unit in a university hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twelve severely HI patients; median Glasgow Coma Scale was 6 (range 3-8).
  
  
  METHODS
  CPP management ( = 70 mmHg). Pressure autoregulation (assessed by norepinephrine infusion) was defined intact if % CPP/%CVR < or = 2.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cerebral blood flow (CBF: Xe133 inhalation technique), jugular bulb oxygen saturation (SjO2) and transcranial Doppler (TCD) were recorded during the test. Norepinephrine increased CPP by 33 % (+/- 4). Autoregulation was found to be intact in ten patients and defective in two. In the ten patients with preserved autoregulation, CBF decreased from 31 +/- 3 to 28 +/- 3 ml/ 100 g/min; in the two patients with impaired autoregulation CBF increased respectively from 16 to 35 and from 21 to 70 ml/100 g/min. SjO2 did not change significantly from baseline. TCD remained within the normal range.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  During CPP management norepinephrine can be used to increase MAP without potentiating hyperemia if pressure autoregulation is preserved. The assessment of pressure autoregulation should be considered as a guide for arterial pressure-oriented therapy after HI.
authors.affiliation: Istituto di Anestesiologia e Rianimazione, Ospedale Policlinico, Università di Bari, Italy. lmascia@teseo.it
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Mascia
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Andrews
authors.forename: E G
authors.initials: EG
authors.lastname: McKeating
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Souter
authors.forename: M V
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Merrick
authors.forename: I R
authors.initials: IR
authors.lastname: Piper
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002560:Cerebrovascular Circulation; D005260:Female; D015600:Glasgow Coma Scale; D006801:Humans; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D007362:Intensive Care Units; D007427:Intracranial Pressure / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009638:Norepinephrine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010100:Oxygen / Q000378:metabolism; D011446:Prospective Studies; D017585:Ultrasonography, Doppler, Transcranial; D014662:Vasoconstrictor Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D014662:Vasoconstrictor Agents; D010100:Oxygen; D009638:Norepinephrine