title: 15-deoxy-delta 12,14-prostaglandin J2 inhibits multiple steps in the NF-kappa B signaling pathway.
abstract: Prostaglandin J(2) (PGJ(2)) and its metabolites Delta(12)-PGJ(2) and 15-deoxy-Delta(12,14)-PGJ(2) (15d-PGJ(2)) are naturally occurring derivatives of prostaglandin D(2) that have been suggested to exert antiinflammatory effects in vivo. 15d-PGJ(2) is a high-affinity ligand for the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) and has been demonstrated to inhibit the induction of inflammatory response genes, including inducible NO synthase and tumor necrosis factor alpha, in a PPARgamma-dependent manner. We report here that 15d-PGJ(2) potently inhibits NF-kappaB-dependent transcription by two additional PPARgamma-independent mechanisms. Several lines of evidence suggest that 15d-PGJ(2) directly inhibits NF-kappaB-dependent gene expression through covalent modifications of critical cysteine residues in IkappaB kinase and the DNA-binding domains of NF-kappaB subunits. These mechanisms act in combination to inhibit transactivation of the NF-kappaB target gene cyclooxygenase 2. Direct inhibition of NF-kappaB signaling by 15d-PGJ(2) may contribute to negative regulation of prostaglandin biosynthesis and inflammation, suggesting additional approaches to the development of antiinflammatory drugs.
authors.affiliation: Biomedical Sciences Division, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA.
authors.forename: D S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Straus
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pascual
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Welch
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ricote
authors.forename: C H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Hsiang
authors.forename: L L
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Sengchanthalangsy
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ghosh
authors.forename: C K
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Glass
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D003517:Cyclopentanes / Q000494:pharmacology; D005982:Glutathione Transferase / Q000378:metabolism; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000235:genetics*; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism*; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000378:metabolism*; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D015230:Prostaglandin D2 / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases / Q000235:genetics*; D011454:Prostaglandins A / Q000494:pharmacology; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate / Q000494:pharmacology; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D014162:Transfection
chemical_list: C097240:15-deoxy-delta(12,14)-prostaglandin J2; D003517:Cyclopentanes; D007527:Isoenzymes; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D016328:NF-kappa B; D011454:Prostaglandins A; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors; C496319:NOS2 protein, human; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; C496540:PTGS2 protein, human; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases; D005982:Glutathione Transferase; C100008:prostaglandin A2; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate; C013905:cyclopentenone; D015230:Prostaglandin D2