title: The protective effects of nitric oxide on the contralateral testis in prepubertal rats with unilateral testicular torsion.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate histological changes in the contralateral testis of rats with unilateral testicular torsion and the protective effects of nitric oxide (NO) on possible damage.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-eight prepubertal male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four equal groups. Group 1 underwent a sham operation of the right testis under general anaesthesia. Group 2 underwent a similar operation but the right testis was rotated 720 degrees clockwise for 6 h, maintained by fixing the testis to the scrotum, and saline infused during the procedure. Group 3 underwent similar torsion but L-arginine methyl ester (a precursor of NO) was infused during the procedure. In Group 4, NG-nitro-L-arginine-methyl ester, a NO synthase inhibitor, was infused separately during the administration of L-arginine methyl ester and torsion. All the left (untwisted) testes were removed from rats 21 days after surgery and evaluated histologically, assessing seminiferous tubule diameter, loss of sperm and spermatids, loss of germ cell layers, disarray of germ cell layers, rupture of tubules, Leydig cell proliferation and reaction in the ruptured tubules, and oedema.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was a significant difference in the indicators of histological damage between groups 2 and 4 and groups 1 and 3, except for the Leydig cell reaction in the ruptured tubules and oedema. The damage was significantly less in group 3 than in groups 2 and 4.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that long-term histopathological changes in the contralateral testes are important after unilateral testicular torsion and that NO has a protective effect on the contralateral testis.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Paediatric Surgery, Dicle University Hospital, Diyarbakir, Turkey. dokucu@hotmail.com
authors.forename: A I
authors.initials: AI
authors.lastname: Dokucu
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Oztürk
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ozdemir
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ketani
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Büyükbayram
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yücesan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001120:Arginine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D007985:Leydig Cells / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D019331:NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester / Q000494:pharmacology; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000502:physiology*; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D011355:Prodrugs / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013086:Spermatic Cord Torsion / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D013737:Testis / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D011355:Prodrugs; C026512:arginine methyl ester; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D001120:Arginine; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D019331:NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester