title: A method of estimating fetal dose during brain radiation therapy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To develop a simple method of estimating fetal dose during brain radiation therapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  An anthropomorphic phantom was modified to simulate pregnancy at 12 and 24 weeks of gestation. Fetal dose measurements were carried out using thermoluminescent dosimeters. Brain radiation therapy was performed with two lateral and opposed fields using 6 MV photons. Three sheets of lead, 5.1-cm-thick, were positioned over the phantom's abdomen to reduce fetal exposure. Linear and nonlinear regression analysis was used to investigate the dependence of radiation dose to an unshielded and/or shielded fetus upon field size and distance from field isocenter.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Formulas describing the exponential decrease of radiation dose to an unshielded and/or shielded fetus with distance from the field isocenter are presented. All fitted parameters of the above formulas can be easily derived using a set of graphs showing their correlation with field size.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study describes a method of estimating fetal dose during brain radiotherapy, accounting for the effects of gestational age, field size and distance from field isocenter. Accurate knowledge of absorbed dose to the fetus before treatment course allows for the selection of the proper irradiation technique in order to achieve the maximum patient benefit with the least risk to the fetus.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Physics, University Hospital of Iraklion, Crete, Greece.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mazonakis
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Damilakis
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Varveris
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Theoharopoulos
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Gourtsoyiannis
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000465:Algorithms; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D005260:Female; D005333:Fetus; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D011247:Pregnancy; D011252:Pregnancy Complications, Neoplastic / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D011835:Radiation Protection; D012044:Regression Analysis