title: Mothers' developmental expectations for young children in the Philippines.
abstract: The purpose of the study was to investigate the developmental timetables of rural and urban mothers in the Central Visayas, Philippines. Examined were mothers' expectations for children's development (physical/perceptual-motor, cognitive, and psychosocial) and mothers' child rearing practices, as influenced by four selected variables (child's gender and ordinal position, mother's education, and rural or urban residence). The total sample size was 303 mothers [153 of rural residence and 150 urban] in two provinces. Mothers responded to a structured questionnaire which was read to them aloud by trained interviewers who then recorded the responses. All the mothers had children between 4-6 years old; equal numbers of male and female children were included, and the entire economic and educational ranges were represented. MANOVA results showed significant main effects of all four variables on maternal expectations of child development and on maternal child rearing practices. Also, significant interaction effects of residential location and maternal education on mothers' expectations of children's physical/perceptual motor development were found (F[2, 256]=3.05, P=0.05). Significant interaction effects also were found of maternal education and the child's ordinal position (F[4,256]=2. 95, P=0.02) on maternal expectations of children's psychosocial development.
authors.affiliation: University of Kansas School of Nursing, 3901 Rainbow Blvd, Kansas City, KS, USA. pwilliam@kumc.edu
authors.forename: P D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lopez
authors.forename: N P
authors.initials: NP
authors.lastname: Tayko
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D002657:Child Development; D002668:Child Rearing; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009034:Mother-Child Relations; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D010679:Philippines; D012424:Rural Population; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D014505:Urban Population