title: Secondary lymphoid tissue chemokine mediates T cell-dependent antitumor responses in vivo.
abstract: Secondary lymphoid tissue chemokine (SLC, also referred to as Exodus 2 or 6Ckine) is a recently identified high endothelial-derived CC chemokine. The ability of SLC to chemoattract both Th1 lymphocytes and dendritic cells formed the rationale to evaluate this chemokine in cancer immunotherapy. Intratumoral injection of recombinant SLC evidenced potent antitumor responses and led to complete tumor eradication in 40% of treated mice. SLC-mediated antitumor responses were lymphocyte dependent as evidenced by the fact that this therapy did not alter tumor growth in SCID mice. Studies performed in CD4 and CD8 knockout mice also revealed a requirement for both CD4 and CD8 lymphocyte subsets for SLC-mediated tumor regression. In immunocompetent mice, intratumoral SLC injection led to a significant increase in CD4 and CD8 T lymphocytes and dendritic cells, infiltrating both the tumor and the draining lymph nodes. These cell infiltrates were accompanied by the enhanced elaboration of Th1 cytokines and chemokines monokine induced by IFN-gamma and IFN-gamma-inducible protein 10 but a concomitant decrease in immunosuppressive cytokines at the tumor site. In response to irradiated autologous tumor, splenic and lymph node-derived cells from SLC-treated tumor-bearing mice secreted significantly more IFN-gamma, GM-CSF, and IL-12 and reduced levels of IL-10 than did diluent-treated tumor-bearing mice. After stimulation with irradiated autologous tumor, lymph node-derived lymphocytes from SLC-treated tumor-bearing mice demonstrated enhanced cytolytic capacity, suggesting the generation of systemic immune responses. These findings provide a strong rationale for further evaluation of SLC in tumor immunity and its use in cancer immunotherapy.
authors.affiliation: University of California, Los Angeles, Medical School-Wadsworth Pulmonary Laboratory, Veterans Administration West Los Angeles Healthcare Center, CA 90073, USA.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Stolina
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Strieter
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Burdick
authors.forename: L X
authors.initials: LX
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: R K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Batra
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Dubinett
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018827:Carcinoma, Lewis Lung / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000628:therapy; D054421:Chemokine CCL21; D054357:Chemokine CXCL10; D054370:Chemokine CXCL9; D019742:Chemokines, CC / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D019743:Chemokines, CXC / Q000096:biosynthesis; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000276:immunology; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000378:metabolism; D015552:Injections, Intralesional; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000378:metabolism; D018664:Interleukin-12 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000628:therapy; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D016513:Mice, SCID; D016176:T-Lymphocyte Subsets / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: C111954:CXC chemokine Mig; C515479:Ccl21c protein, mouse; D054421:Chemokine CCL21; D054357:Chemokine CXCL10; D054370:Chemokine CXCL9; D019742:Chemokines, CC; D019743:Chemokines, CXC; D016207:Cytokines; D018664:Interleukin-12; D007371:Interferon-gamma; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor