title: Hippocampal volume in adolescent-onset alcohol use disorders.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Alcohol use disorders (defined as DSM-IV alcohol dependence or abuse) are prevalent and serious problems among adolescents. As adolescence is marked by progressive hippocampal development, this brain region may be particularly susceptible to the adverse effects of adolescent alcohol use disorders. This study compared the hippocampal volumes of adolescents and young adults with adolescent-onset alcohol use disorders to those of healthy matched comparison subjects.
  
  
  METHODS
  Magnetic resonance imaging was used to measure the hippocampal volumes and volumes of comparison brain regions in 12 subjects with alcohol use disorders and 24 comparison subjects matched on age, sex, and handedness.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both left and right hippocampal volumes were significantly smaller in subjects with alcohol use disorders than in comparison subjects. Total hippocampal volume correlated positively with the age at onset and negatively with the duration of the alcohol use disorder. Intracranial, cerebral, and cortical gray and white matter volumes and measures of the mid-sagittal area of the corpus callosum did not differ between groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In the mature brain, chronic alcohol use disorders are associated with graded global brain dysmorphology. Although the etiology, neuropsychological consequences, and permanence of these hippocampal findings need to be further examined, these findings suggest that, during adolescence, the hippocampus may be particularly susceptible to the adverse effects of alcohol.
authors.affiliation: University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Developmental Traumatology Neuroimaging Laboratory, Adolescent Alcohol Research Center, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA. debellismd@msx.upmc.edu
authors.forename: M D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: De Bellis
authors.forename: D B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Clark
authors.forename: S R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Beers
authors.forename: P H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Soloff
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Boring
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hall
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kersh
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Keshavan
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D017668:Age of Onset; D019973:Alcohol-Related Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology; D001921:Brain / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D003337:Corpus Callosum / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D005260:Female; D007839:Functional Laterality; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D006801:Humans; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008297:Male; D000297:Psychology, Adolescent; D012737:Sex Factors