title: Effectiveness of feeding tubes in nursing home residents with swallowing disorders.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Among nursing home residents who stop eating, a common decision for residents, caregivers, and families is the decision to begin tube feeding. This study examines the effectiveness of feeding tubes at reducing mortality among nursing home residents with swallowing disorders and feeding disabilities.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data from a version of the Minimum Data Set+ (MDS +) encompassing three different states from calendar years 1993 and 1994 were analyzed. Residents were included in the study if they were not totally dependent on staff for eating upon their first assessment but became totally dependent on staff for eating and had a swallowing disorder at some point during their nursing home stay. We used a proportional hazard regression to examine the relationship of feeding tubes with mortality after total eating dependence occurred.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Unadjusted Kaplan-Meier curves found that those with feeding tubes were less likely to die than comparable residents without feeding tubes (p < .001). Estimated survival at 1 year was 39% for those without feeding tubes and 50% for those with feeding tubes. The multivariate results indicated that feeding tubes were associated with a reduced risk of death (risk ratio, 0.71; 95% confidence interval, 0.59, 0.86).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study provides evidence that tube feeding can be life-prolonging, even if the gain in life is not substantial. Such information can be useful to nursing home staff, residents, and families when trying to decide whether to place a feeding tube in a resident with swallowing disorders and eating disabilities.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA.
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Rudberg
authors.forename: B L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Egleston
authors.forename: M D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Grant
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Brody
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015992:Body Mass Index; D015331:Cohort Studies; D015897:Comorbidity; D003680:Deglutition Disorders / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy*; D004750:Enteral Nutrition; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D006278:Medicare; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009735:Nursing Homes; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D014481:United States