title: Outcome of premature infants delivered after prolonged premature rupture of membranes before 25 weeks of gestation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To identify factors influencing the outcome of premature infants delivered after prolonged premature rupture of membranes before 25 weeks' gestation.
  
  
  METHODS
  All premature infants with gestational age <34 weeks, either inborn or outborn, with history of rupture of membranes before 25 weeks' gestation, admitted to our NICU between January 1992 and July 1997, were eligible for this retrospective study. Collected information included birth weight, gestational age at rupture of membranes and at delivery, duration between rupture of membranes and delivery (latency period), severity of oligohydramnios, pre- and post-natal managements, and follow-up of survivors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 28 neonates fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Despite new strategies of ventilation and optimal management, the overall mortality rate was 43% (12/28). Nonsurvivors were significantly less mature at rupture of membranes, and had severe oligohydramnios (anamnios). We also noted less antenatal corticosteroids and antibiotic therapy in this group. Nine of eleven infants (82%) following rupture of membranes before 22 weeks' gestation died shortly after birth. The two remaining infants developed severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Nine deaths occurred in thirteen cases (69%) of anamnios. The major death causes were refractory respiratory failure and neurologic complications. Half of all survivors (8/16) developed bronchopulmonary dysplasia.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The outcome of premature infants following prolonged premature rupture of membranes before 25 weeks' gestation is influenced by gestational age at rupture, severity of oligohydramnios, and antenatal antibiotics and corticosteroids. Neonates with rupture of membranes before 22 weeks have a very low chance of survival at the present time.
authors.affiliation: Service de Pédiatrie et Réanimation Néonatales and Service de Gynécologie-Obstétrique, Hôpital Antoine Béclère, Assistance Publique/Hôpitaux de Paris, 157, rue de la Porte de Trivaux, 92141, Clamart, France.
authors.forename: Z H
authors.initials: ZH
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: André
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Lacaze-Masmonteil
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Audibert
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Zupan
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dehan
mesh_terms: D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D036861:Delivery, Obstetric; D005260:Female; D005322:Premature Rupture of Fetal Membranes; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007235:Infant, Premature, Diseases / Q000401:mortality*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000188:drug therapy; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D012189:Retrospective Studies
chemical_list: D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents