title: A retrospective examination of regional plus general anesthesia in children undergoing open heart surgery.
abstract: The use of regional anesthesia in combination with general anesthesia for children undergoing cardiac surgery is receiving increasing attention from clinicians. The addition of regional anesthesia may improve clinical outcomes and decrease costs as a result of the reduced need for postoperative mechanical ventilation. The goal of this retrospective chart review was to evaluate whether spinal anesthesia (SAB) or epidural anesthesia (EPID) in combination with general anesthesia was associated with circulatory stability, satisfactory postoperative sedation/analgesia, and a low incidence of adverse effects. The medical records of 50 consecutive children having open heart surgery with SAB or EPID and general anesthesia between September 1996 and December 1997 were reviewed. We found no significant differences in the incidence of clinically significant changes in vital signs, oxygen desaturation, hypercarbia, or vomiting. Patients in the SAB group received significantly more sedative/analgesic interventions than those in the EPID group.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesia, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA 94305-5115, USA. ham@leland.stanford.edu
authors.forename: G B
authors.initials: GB
authors.lastname: Hammer
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ngo
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Macario
mesh_terms: D000765:Anesthesia, Conduction / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods; D000767:Anesthesia, Epidural / Q000009:adverse effects; D000768:Anesthesia, General / Q000009:adverse effects; D000775:Anesthesia, Spinal / Q000009:adverse effects; D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D002045:Bupivacaine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006348:Cardiac Surgical Procedures; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006330:Heart Defects, Congenital / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007902:Length of Stay; D008297:Male; D012189:Retrospective Studies
chemical_list: D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D002045:Bupivacaine