Is mild gestational hyperglycaemia associated with maternal and neonatal complications? The Diagest Study.
OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the maternal and neonatal complications rates of mild gestational hyperglycaemia (MGH) compared to a control group in France.


METHODS
A systematic screening by a 50-g glucose challenge test was offered to all women between 24 and 28 weeks of gestation in 15 maternity units. If the 50-g glucose challenge test was > or = 7.2 mmol/l, a 100-g 3-h oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was performed. MGH (n = 131) was defined by one abnormal value on the 3-h OGTT (Carpenter and Coustan criteria). The control group (n = 108) was defined by a 50-g glucose challenge test below 7.2 mmol/l. Women with MGH received no treatment or specific advice during the pregnancy. Large for gestational age (LGA) was defined by a birth weight of at least the 90th percentile on French standard growth curves.


RESULTS
Women with MGH were older than the controls (28.8 (5.8) vs. 27.0 (5.2); P < 0.05) and had a higher body mass index (24.8 (4.8) vs. 23.0 (3.9); P < 0.01). The rate of pregnancy-induced hypertension and Caesarean section were not different between the MGH and control group. The rate of LGA was significantly higher in the MGH group than the control group (22.1% vs. 11.4%; P < 0.05). After adjustment for confounding factors of macrosomia (pre-pregnancy body mass index > 27, maternal age > 35, multiparity and educational level), there was a persistent relationship between LGA and MGH (odds ratio 2.50; 95% confidence interval (1.16-5.40); P < 0.05). MGH was more frequently associated with adverse maternal and fetal outcome than in the controls (53.4% vs. 28.7%; P < 0.01).


CONCLUSIONS
This study suggested that the increased rate of adverse maternal and fetal outcome, especially LGA, was associated with untreated mild gestational hyperglycaemia women compared to a control group. This link to lower degrees of hyperglycaemia during pregnancy is independent of confounding factors.
Vambergue
A
A
Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Clinique Marc Linquette Chru Lille, France.
Nuttens
M C
MC
Verier-Mine
O
O
Dognin
C
C
Cappoen
J P
JP
Fontaine
P
P
D001724:Birth Weight; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002585:Cesarean Section; D005260:Female; D005865:Gestational Age; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D006801:Humans; D006943:Hyperglycemia / Q000150:complications*; D006973:Hypertension / Q000150:complications; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome