title: Modular robotic workcell for coagulation analysis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Total laboratory automation (TLA) has been shown to increase laboratory efficiency and quality. However, modular automation is smaller, requires less initial capital, and requires less planning than TLA. We engineered and performed clinical trials on a modular robotic preanalytical workcell for coagulation analysis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Timing studies were used to quantify the efficiency of the manual processes and to identify areas in the processing of coagulation specimens where bottlenecks and long waiting periods were encountered. We then designed our modular robotic system to eliminate these bottlenecks. Our robotic modular workcell was engineered to allow a choice of specimen introduction manually, by conveyor, or by mobile robot. Additional timing studies were performed during clinical trials of the robotic system.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Prior to automation, the time required for preanalytical processing time was 18-107 min; after automation, it was 45-50 min. Additional improvements in workcell efficiency could be realized when high quality, prelabeled specimens were introduced into the system.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Compared with manual methods, modular automation provides more predictable variation in specimen processing.
authors.affiliation: Medical Automation Research Center, Box 800168, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Graves
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Holman
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Felder
mesh_terms: D001774:Blood Chemical Analysis / Q000295:instrumentation*; D001777:Blood Coagulation; D006801:Humans; D007755:Laboratories, Hospital; D012371:Robotics