title: Presence of herpes simplex virus (HSV) in peripheral leukocytes of patient who developed active HSV infection after bone marrow transplantation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Despite of prophylactic antiviral therapy, latent HSV may be reactivated in bone marrow transplant (BMT) recipients and cause serious disease. Rapid diagnosis of HSV infection is needed to prompt institution of appropriate therapy.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We report a case of the allogenic BMT recipient, who developed ulcerative esophagitis which progressed to generalized HSV infection and graft versus host reaction (GVHR).We consider several diagnostic approaches to detection of active HSV infection in this patient.
  
  
  METHODS
  Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to detect HSV DNA in esophageal biopsy specimens and peripheral leukocytes (PBL). Isolation of HSV in tissue culture was performed to prove infectious virus in swabs from mucocutaneous lesions or in PBL.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Using PCR, HSV DNA was detected in peripheral leukocytes of the patient who had developed generalized HSV infection accompanied with hepatosplenomegaly and hepatitis. At that time, a fully infectious ACV-resistant HSV was isolated from his PBL. On the other hand, HSV DNA was not detected in PBL of other BMT-recipients with skin- or organ-localized infection.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Presence of HSV-DNA in PBL of BMT recipients can signalize generalized HSV infection. Isolation of HSV from PBL by cocultivation with human fibroblasts can be used as an alternative diagnostic approach in these patients.
authors.affiliation: National Reference Laboratory for Herpesviruses, Institute of Public Health, Srobárova 48, 101 42, Prague, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Roubalová
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Suchánková
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vítek
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sajdová
mesh_terms: D000212:Acyclovir / Q000494:pharmacology; D000328:Adult; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D001706:Biopsy; D016026:Bone Marrow Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000032:analysis; D004352:Drug Resistance, Microbial; D004947:Esophagus / Q000821:virology; D006561:Herpes Simplex / Q000821:virology*; D006801:Humans; D007962:Leukocytes / Q000821:virology*; D008297:Male; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D018139:Simplexvirus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*
chemical_list: D000998:Antiviral Agents; D004279:DNA, Viral; D000212:Acyclovir