title: Standardization of immunoglobulin M capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for routine diagnosis of arboviral infections.
abstract: Immunoglobulin M antibody-capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (MAC-ELISA) is a rapid and versatile diagnostic method that readily permits the combination of multiple assays. Test consolidation is especially important for arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses) which belong to at least three virus families: the Togaviridae, Flaviviridae, and Bunyaviridae. Using prototype viruses from each of these families and a panel of well-characterized human sera, we have evaluated and standardized a combined MAC-ELISA capable of identifying virus infections caused by members of each virus family. Furthermore, by grouping antigens geographically and utilizing known serological cross-reactivities, we have reduced the number of antigens necessary for testing, while maintaining adequate detection sensitivity. We have determined that a 1:400 serum dilution is most appropriate for screening antiviral antibody, using a positive-to-negative ratio of >/=2.0 as a positive cutoff value. With a blind-coded human serum panel, this combined MAC-ELISA was shown to have test sensitivity and specificity that correlated well with those of other serological techniques.
authors.affiliation: Division of Vector-Borne Infectious Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Public Health Service, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Fort Collins, Colorado 80522, USA. DZM9@CDC.GOV
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Muth
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Karabatsos
authors.forename: J T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Roehrig
mesh_terms: D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood*; D000956:Antigens, Viral / Q000276:immunology; D001102:Arbovirus Infections / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000276:immunology; D002044:Bunyaviridae Infections / Q000175:diagnosis; D002487:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S.; D003429:Cross Reactions; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay / Q000592:standards*; D018178:Flaviviridae Infections / Q000175:diagnosis; D005843:Geography; D006801:Humans; D007075:Immunoglobulin M / Q000097:blood*; D011786:Quality Control; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D014036:Togaviridae Infections / Q000175:diagnosis; D014481:United States
chemical_list: D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D000956:Antigens, Viral; D007075:Immunoglobulin M