title: The expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and the type 1 vascular endothelial growth factor receptor correlate with the size of papillary thyroid carcinoma in children and young adults.
abstract: Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is essential for the growth of many solid tumors, but there are little data regarding VEGH in childhood thyroid cancers. We examined the relationships between VEGF, the type 1 VEGF receptor (FLT-1) and clinical outcome for a group of thyroid cancers in children and young adults. The expression of VEGF and FLT-1 were determined by immunohistochemistry using archival, paraffin-embedded thyroid tissue blocks and compared with the retrospective clinical outcome for each patient. The study included 67 children and young adults with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC, n = 42), follicular thyroid carcinoma (FTC, n = 8), benign lesions (n = 15), or controls (n = 2). VEGF expression was greater in PTC (mean intensity 2.23 +/- 0.25, p = 0.002) and FTC (2.8 +/- 0.73, p = 0.01) than benign lesions (1.0 +/- 0.27), and correlated with PTC size (r = 0.42, p = 0.008). FLT-1 expression was greater in PTC (mean intensity 2.8 +/- 0.17) than FTC (1.9 +/- 0.25, p = 0.015) and benign lesions (1.7 +/- 0.32, p = 0.002); and correlated with PTC size (r = 0.41, p = 0.01) as well as VEGF expression (r = 0.52, p = 0.002). Recurrent disease developed exclusively in patients with PTC which expressed VEGF (7/28, 95% CI 10.6%-44.2%). PTC that did not express VEGF (0/8, 95% CI = 0%-31.2%) did not recur; however, the difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.15). We conclude that the expression of VEGF and FLT-1 are directly correlated with the size of PTC in children and young adults.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Walter Reed Army Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Fenton
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Dinauer
authors.forename: D K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Robie
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Tuttle
authors.forename: G L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Francis
mesh_terms: D018263:Adenocarcinoma, Follicular / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002291:Carcinoma, Papillary / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D016228:Endothelial Growth Factors / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008222:Lymphokines / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D020794:Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D017978:Receptors, Growth Factor / Q000378:metabolism*; D013964:Thyroid Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D040281:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-1; D042442:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors
chemical_list: D016228:Endothelial Growth Factors; D008222:Lymphokines; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D017978:Receptors, Growth Factor; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D042442:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors; D020794:Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; D040281:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-1