title: Ultrasonographic measurement of induced myopia associated with capsular bag distention syndrome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the causes of postoperative myopia associated with capsular bag distention syndrome (CBDS) and characterize the associated findings.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective, multicenter, nonrandomized, comparative (self-controlled) trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  Six eyes from six patients had CBDS develop after phacoemulsification and posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Keratometric values, axial length, visual acuity, and manifest refraction were assessed in each eye. Using 20-MHz (I3SYSTEM-ABD, Innovative Imaging Inc, Sacramento, CA) and 50-MHz (Ultrasound Biomicroscope, Zeiss Humphrey Systems, Dublin, CA) ultrasonographic probes, images and measurements of the anterior segment were obtained. After neodymium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet (Nd:YAG) capsulotomy, these measures were repeated and correlated with predicted and actual refractive changes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA), best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), manifest refraction, and anterior chamber depth before and after treatment of CBDS.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Although intended postoperative refraction averaged -0.58 diopters (D) (range, -0.12 to -1.63 D), eyes with CBDS had an average spherical equivalent refraction of -2.35 D (range, +0.13 to -4.50 D), P < 0.05 (one-tailed, paired t test). BCVA averaged 20/24 (range, 20/15-20/40-1), but UCVA averaged 20/133 (range, 20/60 to 20/400). Average distance from the corneal surface to the anterior intraocular lens (IOL) optic surface was 3.55 mm in eyes with CBDS, and 4.30 mm after Nd:YAG capsulotomy. Posterior movement of the IOL optic after capsulotomy accounted for 1.23 D of hyperopic shift or 82% of the CBDS-induced myopia. Treatment of CBDS resulted in both improved UCVA and BCVA. Nd:YAG capsulotomy also released the colloidal suspension within the capsular bag posterior to the IOL optic. The incidence of CBDS was 0.3% in one of the practices reviewed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Capsular bag distention syndrome includes unexpected myopia and poor UCVA after cataract surgery with lens implantation in cases involving a continuous capsulorhexis. A dramatic posterior distention of the posterior capsule is observed, as well as anterior chamber shallowing, tight apposition of the iris to the IOL, and anterior bowing of the iris. A slightly turbid colloidal suspension behind the IOL implant and late posterior capsular fibrosis are also observed. Timely treatment of CBDS can correct unwanted myopia, improve UCVA and BCVA, and restore normal anatomic relationships in the eye.
authors.affiliation: Duke University Eye Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA.
authors.forename: A L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Sorenson
authors.forename: J T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Holladay
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Kendall
authors.forename: A N
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Carlson
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000867:Anterior Chamber / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D019923:Capsulorhexis / Q000009:adverse effects; D004108:Dilatation, Pathologic / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007903:Lens Capsule, Crystalline / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D007905:Lens Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery; D019654:Lens Implantation, Intraocular / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009216:Myopia / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000209:etiology; D018918:Phacoemulsification / Q000009:adverse effects*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012029:Refraction, Ocular; D013577:Syndrome; D014463:Ultrasonography; D014792:Visual Acuity