title: Methods for systematic reviews of economic evaluations for the Guide to Community Preventive Services. Task Force on Community Preventive Services.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This paper describes the methods used in the Guide to Community Preventive Services: Systematic Reviews and Evidence-Based Recommendations (the Guide) for conducting systematic reviews of economic evaluations across community health-promotion and disease-prevention interventions. The lack of standardized methods to improve the comparability of results from economic evaluations has hampered the use of data on costs and financial benefits in evidence-based reviews of effectiveness. The methods and instruments developed for the Guide provide an explicit and systematic approach for abstracting economic evaluation data and increase the usefulness of economic information for policy making in health care and public health.
  
  
  METHODS
  The following steps were taken for systematic reviews of economic evaluations: (1) systematic searches were conducted; (2) studies using economic analytic methods, such as cost analysis or cost-effectiveness, cost-benefit or cost-utility analysis, were selected according to explicit inclusion criteria; (3) economic data were abstracted and adjusted using a standardized abstraction form; and (4) adjusted summary measures were listed in summary tables.
  
  
  RESULTS
  These methods were used in a review of 10 interventions designed to improve vaccination coverage in children, adolescents and adults. Ten average costs and 14 cost-effectiveness ratios were abstracted or calculated from data reported in 24 studies and expressed in 1997 USD. The types of costs included in the analysis and intervention definitions varied extensively. Gaps in data were found for many interventions.
authors.affiliation: Division of Prevention Research and Analytic Methods, Epidemiology Program Office, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, Georgia 30341, USA. vbc@cdc.gov
authors.forename: V G
authors.initials: VG
authors.lastname: Carande-Kulis
authors.forename: M V
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Maciosek
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Briss
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Teutsch
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zaza
authors.forename: B I
authors.initials: BI
authors.lastname: Truman
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Messonnier
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pappaioanou
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Harris
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fielding
mesh_terms: D000043:Abstracting and Indexing; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis / Q000379:methods; D003625:Data Collection / Q000379:methods*; D003657:Decision Making; D017048:Health Care Costs; D006801:Humans; D017589:Immunization Programs / Q000191:economics; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D011314:Preventive Health Services / Q000191:economics*; D015397:Program Evaluation / Q000379:methods*; D014481:United States