title: Role of nitric oxide in lipopolysaccharide-induced oxidant stress in the rat kidney.
abstract: Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced renal oxidant injury and the role of nitric oxide (NO) were evaluated using the inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) inhibitor L-iminoethyl-lysine (L-NIL). One group of male rats received LPS (Salmonella minnesota; 2 mg/kg, i.v.). A second group received LPS plus L-NIL (3 mg/kg, i.p.). A third group received saline i.v. At 6 hr, iNOS protein was induced in the kidney cortex, and plasma nitrate/nitrite levels were increased from 4 +/- 2 nmol/mL in the Saline group to 431 +/- 23 nmol/mL in the LPS group. The value for the LPS + L-NIL group was reduced significantly to 42 +/- 9 nmol/mL. LPS increased blood urea nitrogen levels from 13 +/- 1 to 47 +/- 3 mg/dL. LPS + L-NIL reduced these levels significantly to 29 +/- 2 mg/dL. Plasma creatinine levels were unchanged in all groups. Tissue lipid peroxidation products in the kidney were increased from 0.16 +/- 0.01 nmol/mg in the Saline group to 0.30 +/- 0.03 nmol/mg in the LPS group. LPS + L-NIL reduced the values significantly to 0.22 +/- 0.02 nmol/mg. Intracellular glutathione levels were decreased in the kidneys from 1.32 +/- 0.1 nmol/mg in the Saline group to 0.66 +/- 0.08 nmol/mg in the LPS group. LPS + L-NIL increased the levels significantly to 0.99 +/- 0.13 nmol/mg. LPS increased the 3-nitrotyrosine-protein adducts in renal tubules as detected by immunohistochemistry, indicating the generation of peroxynitrite. L-NIL decreased adduct formation. These data indicated that LPS-induced NO generation resulted in peroxynitrite formation and oxidant stress in the kidney and that inhibitors of iNOS may offer protection against LPS-induced renal toxicity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock 72205, USA.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Walker
authors.forename: P R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Mayeux
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001806:Blood Urea Nitrogen; D015153:Blotting, Western; D003401:Creatine / Q000097:blood; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008239:Lysine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D009566:Nitrates / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000502:physiology*; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D009573:Nitrites / Q000097:blood; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000502:physiology*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D014443:Tyrosine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; C090663:N(6)-(1-iminoethyl)lysine; D009566:Nitrates; D009573:Nitrites; C039642:peroxynitric acid; D009569:Nitric Oxide; C002744:3-nitrotyrosine; D014443:Tyrosine; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; C496318:Nos2 protein, rat; D005978:Glutathione; D008239:Lysine; D003401:Creatine