title: Retrovirus type C in the mouse bladder carcinoma cell line MBT-2.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The presence of replicating type C retrovirus in MBT-2 mouse bladder carcinoma cells is reported. This MBT-2 tumor cell line is nowadays globally distributed. The cells have been and are still used to study various aspects of bladder cancer. While studying the phagocytic capacity of MBT-2 cells for BCG organisms by electron microscopic methods, the presence of this retrovirus was noticed.
  
  
  METHODS
  MBT-2 cells that were cultured in vitro as well as cells from intravesically and intradermally grown MBT-2 tumors from syngeneic mice were investigated using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All samples including the earliest generation MBT-2 cells that could be traced from stocks of other research groups contained the C type retrovirus, suggesting a contamination in all available generations of the MBT-2 cell line.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  As this tumor cell line is widely used in immunologic studies of the response to bladder cancer, it is important to consider the possible presence of type C viruses and associated antigens, since they could contribute to or interfere with the responses being measured. Studies should be initiated to determine whether viral antigen expression is involved in the immune rejection of MBT-2 bladder cancer. As a consequence, clinical implementation of immunological treatment strategies should not be based on results obtained with the MBT-2 model alone, but preferably should be confirmed with other (bladder) carcinoma models.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: E C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: De Boer
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Teppema
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Steerenberg
authors.forename: W H
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: De Jong
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000956:Antigens, Viral; D017988:Gammaretrovirus / Q000276:immunology / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D051379:Mice; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology*; D014779:Virus Replication
chemical_list: D000956:Antigens, Viral