title: Duration of treatment for asymptomatic bacteriuria during pregnancy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A Cochrane systematic review has shown that drug treatment of asymptomatic bacteriuria in pregnant women substantially decreases the risk of pyelonephritis and reduces the risk of preterm delivery. However, it is not clear whether single dose therapy is as effective as longer conventional antibiotic treatment.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this review was to assess the effects of different durations of treatment for asymptomatic bacteriuria in pregnancy.
  
  
  METHODS
  We searched the Cochrane Pregnancy and Childbirth Group trials register, the Cochrane Controlled Trials Register and the reference lists of articles.
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomised and quasi-randomised trials comparing antimicrobial therapeutic regimens that differed in duration (particularly comparing single dose with longer duration regimens) in pregnant women diagnosed with asymptomatic bacteriuria.
  
  
  METHODS
  Trial quality was assessed and data were extracted independently by the reviewers.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eight studies involving over 400 women were included. All were comparisons of single dose treatment with four to seven day treatments. The trials were generally of poor quality. No difference in 'no-cure' rate was detected between single dose and short course (4-7 day) treatment for asymptomatic bacteriuria in pregnant women (relative risk 1.13, 95% confidence interval 0.82 to 1.54) as well as in the recurrent asymptomtic bacteriuria (relative risk 1.08, 95% confidence interval 0.70 to 1.66). However these results showed significant heterogeneity. No differences were detected for preterm births and pyelonephritis although sample size of trials was small. Longer duration treatment was associated with an increase in reports of adverse effects (relative risk 0.53, 95% confidence interval 0.31 to 0.91).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is not enough evidence to evaluate whether single dose or longer duration doses are more effective in treating asymptomatic bacteriuria in pregnant women. Because single dose has lower cost and increases compliance, this comparison should be explored in a properly sized randomized controlled trial.
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Obstetricia y Ginecología, Hospital Nacional Alejandro Posadas, Pte. Illia y Marconi, Buenos Aires, Argentina, 1424. gineco@infovia.com.ar
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Villar
authors.forename: M T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Lydon-Rochelle
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Gülmezoglu
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Roganti
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001437:Bacteriuria / Q000188:drug therapy*; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D011247:Pregnancy; D011251:Pregnancy Complications, Infectious / Q000188:drug therapy*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents