title: The protective effect of salbutamol inhaled using different devices on methacholine bronchoconstriction.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the protective effect of salbutamol, 100 microg, inhaled by different devices (pressurized metered-dose inhaler [pMDI; Ventolin; GlaxoWellcome; Greenford, UK], pMDI + spacer [Volumatic; GlaxoWellcome], or breath-activated pMDI [Autohaler; 3M Pharmaceuticals; St. Paul, MN]) on bronchoconstriction induced by methacholine.
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomized, double-blind, cross-over, placebo-controlled study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighteen subjects with stable, moderate asthma, asymptomatic, receiving regular treatment with salmeterol, 50 microg bid, and inhaled beclomethasone dipropionate, 250 microg bid, in the last 6 months, with high hyperreactivity to methacholine (baseline provocative dose of methacholine causing a 20% fall in FEV(1) [PD(20)] geometric mean [GM], 0.071 mg). Subjects were classified into two groups: subjects with incorrect (n = 5) pMDI inhalation technique, and subjects with correct (n = 13) inhalation technique.
  
  
  METHODS
  After cessation of therapy for 3 days, all subjects underwent four methacholine challenge tests, each test 1 week apart, each time 15 min after inhalation of salbutamol, 100 microg (via pMDI, pMDI + spacer, or Autohaler), or placebo. The protective effect on methacholine challenge test was evaluated as the change in the PD(20), and expressed in terms of doubling doses of methacholine in comparison with placebo treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The PD(20) was significantly higher after salbutamol inhalation than after placebo inhalation, but no significant difference was observed among the three different inhalation techniques. Only when salbutamol was inhaled via pMDI + spacer, PD(20) was slightly but not significantly higher (pMDI GM, 0.454 mg; pMDI + spacer GM, 0.559 mg; and Autohaler GM, 0.372 mg; not significant [NS]) than other inhalation techniques. Similar results (mean +/-SEM) were obtained with doubling doses of methacholine (pMDI, 2 +/- 0.47; pMDI + spacer, 3 +/- 0.35; and Autohaler, 2.4 +/- 0.40; NS). No significant difference was found among techniques when subjects with correct or incorrect inhalation technique were separately considered.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data show that the protective effect of salbutamol, 100 microg, on methacholine-induced bronchoconstriction is not affected by the different inhalation techniques, although inhalation via pMDI + spacer tends to improve the bronchoprotective ability of salbutamol. These data confirm the clinical efficacy of salbutamol, whatever the device, and the patient's inhalation technique.
authors.affiliation: Cardio-Thoracic Department, University of Pisa, Italy.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Giannini
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Di Franco
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bacci
authors.forename: F L
authors.initials: FL
authors.lastname: Dente
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Taccola
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Vagaggini
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Paggiaro
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000403:Airway Resistance / Q000187:drug effects*; D000420:Albuterol / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D001249:Asthma / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D016535:Bronchial Hyperreactivity / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy; D001985:Bronchial Provocation Tests; D001993:Bronchodilator Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004867:Equipment Design; D005260:Female; D005541:Forced Expiratory Volume / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D016210:Methacholine Chloride; D008875:Middle Aged; D009330:Nebulizers and Vaporizers
chemical_list: D001993:Bronchodilator Agents; D016210:Methacholine Chloride; D000420:Albuterol