title: Placement of a fenestrated Palmaz stent across the renal arteries. Feasibility and outcome in an animal study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the feasibility of placing stents across renal arteries. Design we have studied in pigs: (i) the feasibility of accurately placing a fenestrated stent in front of one renal ostium; (ii) the short-term effects on renal arteries and function after the placement of such a fenestrated stent.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eight fenestrated Palmaz stents were placed over pigs' renal ostia under fluoroscopy. Five weeks later, angiograms were performed and the animals were sacrificed. Proliferation of the healing tissues over the ostia was measured and analysed by microscopy. Serum creatinine was measured prior to all angiograms and at 5 weeks.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All eight stents were correctly placed. One stent later migrated and was excluded from the study. One pig died at day 1. Gross examination confirmed the correct placement of the fenestrations in four pigs out of seven (57%). In the six remaining pigs, at 5 weeks, there was no angiographic evidence of stent misplacement and all the kidneys were fully perfused. Nine renal ostia were covered by struts and neointima with a mean area of coverage of 38+/-5% altogether. No tissue proliferation was observed over the three renal ostia located in front of the fenestration. Serum creatinine did not significantly increase at 5 weeks.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Creating a fenestration in a stent for renal arteries may be worth while in order to avoid neointimal covering of the renal ostia. However, accurate placement of such a fenestrated stent remains a difficult task.
authors.affiliation: Service de Chirurgie Vasculaire, Hôpital Henri Mondor, 51 avenue du Malde Lattre de Tassigny, Créteil, 94010, France.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Desgranges
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kobeiter
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Coumbaras
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Van Laer
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Mellière
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Mathieu
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Becquemin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001012:Aorta, Abdominal / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D004867:Equipment Design; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D008297:Male; D011184:Postoperative Period; D011859:Radiography; D012077:Renal Artery / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D015607:Stents; D013552:Swine; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome