title: Oral manifestations of patients with Turner syndrome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to conduct a complete analysis of orofacial abnormalities of patients with Turner syndrome.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty nine patients with Turner syndrome and 30 without Turner syndrome (control group) were studied. The subjects were screened for cariological and periodontal alterations, orthodontic anomalies, tooth crown morphologic condition, alveolar arch dimensions, and temporomandibular joint function.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Significantly lower mean values for decayed, missing, and filled teeth were found for patients with Turner syndrome as compared with the control group. Plaque and gingival indices were significantly higher in the study group. Orthodontic anomalies were more frequent and severe in patients with Turner syndrome. Our investigation showed reduced tooth crown size in the study group. The alveolar arch of the maxilla was narrower and of normal length, but the mandibular arch was shorter and broader. There was no significant alteration in temporomandibular joint function in the 2 examined groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our examination showed the importance of early diagnosis of oral anomalies and timely treatment of dental problems for patients with Turner syndrome.
authors.affiliation: University Medical School of Debrecen, School of Dentistry, Debrecen, Hungary.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Szilágyi
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Keszthelyi
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Nagy
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Madléna
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D004245:DMF Index; D017742:Dental Care for Chronically Ill; D003731:Dental Caries / Q000209:etiology; D003774:Dental Plaque Index; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007569:Jaw Abnormalities / Q000209:etiology; D008297:Male; D008310:Malocclusion / Q000209:etiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D009059:Mouth Diseases / Q000209:etiology*; D010510:Periodontal Diseases / Q000209:etiology; D010512:Periodontal Index; D013705:Temporomandibular Joint Disorders / Q000209:etiology; D019228:Tooth Crown / Q000002:abnormalities; D014424:Turner Syndrome / Q000150:complications*