title: The German Environmental Survey 1990/92 (GerES II): sources of personal exposure to volatile organic compounds.
abstract: In the framework of the second German Environmental Survey carried out in the Western part of Germany in 1990/91 (GerES IIa) 113 adults aged 25-69 years were selected at random from the total study population of about 2500 to investigate personal exposure to about 70 volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Each subject wore a diffusive badge-type sampler for 1 week. The VOCs determined included alkanes, aromatics, aliphatic halocarbons, terpenes, and oxygen-containing compounds. Multivariate regression analysis was carried out to determine and quantify the major sources of personal exposure to various VOCs. In this paper, results are given for benzene, and C8- and C9-aromatics. Being subject to environmental tobacco smoke was found to be the most important determinant of benzene exposure, but automobile-related activities such as driving a car or refuelling, were also associated with significantly increased levels of benzene. The major determinant of C8- and C9-aromatics concentrations was occupational exposure. Emissions from paints, lacquers, newspapers, magazines and print-works were also important contributors to C8-aromatics exposure. Renovation, painting and smoking were associated with a significant increase of the exposure to C9-aromatics.
authors.affiliation: Federal Environmental Agency, Institute for Water Soil and Air Hygiene, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hoffmann
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Krause
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Seifert
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ullrich
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001554:Benzene / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis*; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000032:analysis*; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D005260:Female; D005858:Germany; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009930:Organic Chemicals / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis*; D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution; D001335:Vehicle Emissions; D014835:Volatilization
chemical_list: D009930:Organic Chemicals; D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution; D001335:Vehicle Emissions; D001554:Benzene