title: Modulation of plasma uridine concentration by 5-(phenylselenenyl)acyclouridine, an inhibitor of uridine phosphorylase: relevance to chemotherapy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the efficacy of oral 5-(phenylselenenyl)-acyclouridine (PSAU) in increasing endogenous plasma uridine concentration as well as its ability to improve the bioavailability of oral uridine. PSAU is a new potent and specific inhibitor of uridine phosphorylase (Urd-Pase, EC 2.4.2.3), the enzyme responsible for uridine catabolism. This compound was designed as a lipophilic inhibitor in order to facilitate its access to the liver and intestine, the main organs involved in uridine catabolism.
  
  
  METHODS
  Oral PSAU was administered orally to mice alone or with uridine. The plasma levels of PSAU as well as uridine and its catabolites were measured using high-performance liquid chromatography and pharmacokinetic analysis was performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  PSAU has an oral bioavailability of 100% and no PSAU metabolites were detected. PSAU has no apparent toxicity at high doses. Oral administration of PSAU at 30 and 120 mg/kg increased baseline concentration of endogenous plasma uridine (2.6 +/- 0.7 microM) by 3.2- and 8.7-fold, respectively, and remained three- and six-fold higher, respectively, than the controls for over 8 h. PSAU, however, did not alter the concentration of endogenous plasma uracil. Co-administration of PSAU with uridine elevated the concentration of plasma uridine over that resulting from the administration of either alone, and reduced the peak plasma concentration (C(max)) and area under the curve (AUC) of plasma uracil. Co-administration of PSAU at 30 mg/kg and 120 mg/kg improved the low bioavailability of oral uridine (7.7%) administered at 1,320 mg/kg by 4.8- and 4.2-fold, respectively, and reduced the AUC of plasma uracil from 1,421 to 787 micromol/h x l and 273 micromol/h x l, respectively. Similar results were observed when PSAU was co-administered with lower doses of uridine. Oral PSAU at 30 mg/kg and 120 mg/kg improved the bioavailability of oral 330 mg/kg uridine by 5.2- and 8.9-fold, and that of oral 660 mg/kg uridine by 6.4- and 9.0-fold, respectively. However, the reduction in the AUC values of plasma uracil was less dramatic than that seen when the high dose of 1,320 mg/kg uridine was used.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The effectiveness of the PSAU plus uridine combination in elevating and sustaining high plasma uridine concentration may be useful to rescue or protect from host toxicity of various chemotherapeutic pyrimidine analogs as well as in the management of medical disorders that are remedied by administration of uridine.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of El Menia, Egypt.
authors.forename: O M
authors.initials: OM
authors.lastname: Ashour
authors.forename: O N
authors.initials: ON
authors.lastname: Al Safarjalani
authors.forename: F N
authors.initials: FN
authors.lastname: Naguib
authors.forename: N M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Goudgaon
authors.forename: R F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Schinazi
authors.forename: M H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: el Kouni
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001682:Biological Availability; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D051379:Mice; D016566:Organoselenium Compounds / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014498:Uracil / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology; D014529:Uridine / Q000097:blood*; D014543:Uridine Phosphorylase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*
chemical_list: C408044:5-(phenylselenenyl)acyclouridine; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D016566:Organoselenium Compounds; D014498:Uracil; D014543:Uridine Phosphorylase; D014529:Uridine