title: Absorbable implants for open shoulder stabilization: a clinical and serial radiographic evaluation.
abstract: METHODS
  Eighteen consecutive patients who had recurrent, unidirectional, post-traumatic shoulder instability were included. All the patients underwent surgery with a standardized open Bankart technique involving absorbable suture anchors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No redislocations occurred during the study period of 31 months (range 25 to 38 months). The Rowe and Constant scores were 86 points (range 61 to 98 points) and 89 points (range 73 to 99 points), respectively. The strength measurements revealed 8.6 kg (range 3.8 to 15 kg) in 90 degrees abduction compared with 9.3 kg (range 2.2 to 16.5 kg) in the control shoulders (not significant). The external rotation in abduction was 65 degrees (range 20 degrees to 90 degrees) compared with 91 degrees (range 80 degrees to 105 degrees) in the control group (P < .001). RADIOGRAPHIC RESULTS: Signs of minor or moderate degeneration were found in 10 of 18 patients on the preoperative radiographs, in 15 of 18 at 7 months, and in 16 of 18 at 33 months (P < .05 before surgery vs 33 months). From the preoperative examination to the 7-month control, 7 of 18 patients had an increase in degenerative changes, and from the 7-month to the 33-month control, an increase was found in 8 of 18 (P = .008, before surgery vs 7 months; P = .005, 7 months vs 33 months). At the 7-month control, 8 of 18 patients had invisible or hardly visible drill holes, and 10 of 18 had visible or cystic drill holes at the site of implantation for the absorbable suture anchors. At the 33-month control, 10 of 18 patients had invisible or hardly visible drill holes, and 8 of 18 had visible or cystic drill holes (not significant, 7 months vs 33 months).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The method resulted in stable shoulders in 17 of 18 patients. Degenerative changes were present on the radiographs in most of the patients and appeared to increase over time. Visible drill holes or drill holes with cystic changes were seen on the radiographs in a significant number of patients at the 7-month and the 33-month control and did not appear to heal during the follow-up period.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ejerhed
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kartus
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Funck
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Köhler
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sernert
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Karlsson
mesh_terms: D020341:Absorbable Implants; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007593:Joint Instability / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000534:rehabilitation / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019637:Orthopedic Procedures / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D011336:Probability; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011859:Radiography; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular; D012785:Shoulder Joint / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000601:surgery*; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D016896:Treatment Outcome