title: Differential inducible nitric oxide synthase expression in systemic and pulmonary vessels after endotoxin.
abstract: Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) is associated with vascular hypocontractility in systemic vessels after endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (LPS) administration. Although lung iNOS is increased after LPS, its role in the pulmonary circulation is unclear. We hypothesized that whereas iNOS upregulation is responsible for LPS-induced vascular dysfunction in systemic vessels, iNOS does not play a significant role in the pulmonary artery (PA). Using isolated aorta (AO) and PA rings, we examined the effect of nonselective NOS inhibition [N(G)-monomethyl-L-arginine (L-NMMA); 100 micromol/l] and selective iNOS inhibition (aminoguanidine, AG; 100 micromol/l) on alpha(1)-adrenergic-mediated vasoconstriction (phenylephrine; 10(-9) to 10(-3) M) after LPS (Salmonella typhimurium, 20 mg/kg ip). We also determined the presence of iNOS using Western blot and immunohistochemistry. LPS markedly impaired AO contractility (maximal control tension 1,076 +/- 33 mg vs. LPS 412 +/- 39 mg, P < 0.05), but PA contractility was unchanged (control 466 +/- 29 mg vs. LPS 455 +/- 27 mg, P > 0.05). Selective iNOS inhibition restored the AO's response to vasoconstriction (LPS + AG 1,135 +/- 54 mg, P > 0.05 vs. control and P < 0.05 vs. LPS), but had no effect on the PA (LPS + AG 422 +/- 38 mg, P > 0.05 vs. control and LPS). Western blot and immunohistochemistry revealed increased iNOS expression in the AO after LPS, but iNOS was not detected in the PA. Our results suggest that differential iNOS expression after LPS in systemic and pulmonary vessels contributes to the phenomenon of sepsis/endotoxemia-induced systemic hypotension and pulmonary hypertension.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center Denver 80262, Colorado, USA.
authors.forename: E J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Pulido
authors.forename: B D
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Shames
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Fullerton
authors.forename: B C
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Sheridan
authors.forename: C H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Selzman
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Gamboni-Robertson
authors.forename: D D
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Bensard
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: McIntyre
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001011:Aorta / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000502:physiology; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D005455:Fluorescent Antibody Technique; D006146:Guanidines / Q000494:pharmacology; D015151:Immunoblotting; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000187:drug effects; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000032:analysis* / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000502:physiology*; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D011651:Pulmonary Artery / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000502:physiology; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D011942:Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D012486:Salmonella typhimurium; D014018:Tissue Distribution; D019323:omega-N-Methylarginine / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D006146:Guanidines; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D011942:Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha; D019323:omega-N-Methylarginine; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; C496318:Nos2 protein, rat; C004479:pimagedine