title: Perspective-taking: decreasing stereotype expression, stereotype accessibility, and in-group favoritism.
abstract: Using 3 experiments, the authors explored the role of perspective-taking in debiasing social thought. In the 1st 2 experiments, perspective-taking was contrasted with stereotype suppression as a possible strategy for achieving stereotype control. In Experiment 1, perspective-taking decreased stereotypic biases on both a conscious and a nonconscious task. In Experiment 2, perspective-taking led to both decreased stereotyping and increased overlap between representations of the self and representations of the elderly, suggesting activation and application of the self-concept in judgments of the elderly. In Experiment 3, perspective-taking reduced evidence of in-group bias in the minimal group paradigm by increasing evaluations of the out-group. The role of self-other overlap in producing prosocial outcomes and the separation of the conscious, explicit effects from the nonconscious, implicit effects of perspective-taking are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Organizational Behavior, Kellogg School of Management, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA. agalinsky@nwu.edu
authors.forename: A D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Galinsky
authors.forename: G B
authors.initials: GB
authors.lastname: Moskowitz
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006126:Group Processes; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011287:Prejudice; D012929:Psychological Distance; D012381:Role Playing; D012927:Social Control, Informal; D013240:Stereotyping