title: Complications of splenic injuries: expansion of the nonoperative theorem.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Delayed complications (hemorrhages, abscesses, and pseudo-aneurysms) of nonoperative management (NOM) in pediatric spleen injuries are rare but reportedly result in failure of NOM. This study was undertaken to elucidate the rate of delayed complications and their impact on NOM of splenic injuries.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty children who underwent NOM of splenic injuries over 5 years were reviewed for complications and success of NOM. All injuries were diagnosed and graded by computed tomography (CT) scans. Follow-up imaging studies were obtained in all children 6 to 12 weeks postinjury; additional scans also were obtained when clinically indicated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  NOM was successful in all children, but 3 (7.5%) had delayed complications. A 3 year old with a grade III splenic injury and a distal pancreatic transection, and a 13 year old with a grade IV injury had pseudoaneurysms, which were noted on follow-up CT scan (14 days postinjury). The pseudoaneurysms were treated expectantly and resolved spontaneously. A 16 year old (grade IV injury) had a splenic abscess 8 days postinjury that was drained percutaneously with CT guidance.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Development of delayed complications may not preclude successful NOM of pediatric spleen injuries. Splenic artery pseudoaneurysms in children appear to resolve spontaneously without intervention.
authors.affiliation: University of Vermont, College of Medicine, Department of Surgery, Burlington 05405, USA.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Frumiento
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sartorelli
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Vane
mesh_terms: D000038:Abscess / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology; D000293:Adolescent; D017541:Aneurysm, False / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D015601:Injury Severity Score; D008297:Male; D011379:Prognosis; D012042:Registries; D012307:Risk Factors; D013154:Spleen / Q000293:injuries*; D013157:Splenic Artery / Q000473:pathology*; D013158:Splenic Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D014193:Trauma Centers; D014949:Wounds, Nonpenetrating / Q000150:complications* / Q000628:therapy*