title: Serum uric acid and cardiovascular mortality the NHANES I epidemiologic follow-up study, 1971-1992. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although many epidemiological studies have suggested that increased serum uric acid levels are a risk factor for cardiovascular mortality, this relationship remains uncertain.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine the association of serum uric acid levels with cardiovascular mortality.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional population-based study of epidemiological follow-up data from the First National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES I) from 1971-1975 (baseline) and data from NHANES I Epidemiologic Follow-up Study (NHEFS).
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 5926 subjects who were aged 25 to 74 years and had serum uric acid level measurements at baseline.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ischemic heart disease mortality, total cardiovascular mortality, and all-cause mortality, compared by quartiles of serum uric acid level.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In an average of 16.4 years of follow-up, 1593 deaths occurred, of which 731 (45.9%) were ascribed to cardiovascular disease. Increased serum uric acid levels had a positive relationship to cardiovascular mortality in men and women and in black and white persons. Deaths due to ischemic heart disease in both men and women increased when serum uric acid levels were in the highest quartile compared with the lowest quartile (men, >416 vs <321 micromol/L; risk ratio, 1.77 [95% confidence interval [CI], 1.08-3.98]; women, >333 vs <238 micromol/l; risk ratio, 3.00 [95% CI, 1.45-6.28]). Cox regression analysis showed that for each 59.48-micromol/L increase in uric acid level, cardiovascular mortality and ischemic heart disease mortality increased. Hazard ratios for men were 1.09 (95% CI, 1.02-1.18) and 1.17 (95% CI, 1.06-1.28), and for women were 1.26 (95% CI, 1.16-1.36) and 1.30 (95% CI, 1.17-1.45), respectively, after adjustment for age, race, body mass index, smoking status, alcohol consumption, cholesterol level, history of hypertension and diabetes, and diuretic use. Further analysis, stratifying by cardiovascular risk status, diuretic use, and menopausal status, confirmed a significant association of uric acid and cardiovascular mortality in all subgroups except among men using diuretics (n=79) and men with 1 or more cardiovascular risk factors (n=1140).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data suggest that increased serum uric acid levels are independently and significantly associated with risk of cardiovascular mortality.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Social Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fang
authors.forename: M H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Alderman
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001741:Black or African American / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D000368:Aged; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000097:blood* / Q000401:mortality*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017202:Myocardial Ischemia / Q000097:blood / Q000401:mortality; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012307:Risk Factors; D014527:Uric Acid / Q000097:blood*; D044465:White People / Q000706:statistics & numerical data
chemical_list: D014527:Uric Acid