title: Brief psychological interventions ("debriefing") for trauma-related symptoms and the prevention of post traumatic stress disorder.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the effectiveness of brief psychological debriefing for the management of psychological distress after trauma, and the prevention of post traumatic stress disorder.
  
  
  METHODS
  Electronic searching of MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsychLit, PILOTS, Biosis, Pascal, Occ.Safety and Health, CDSR and the Trials Register of the Depression, Anxiety and Neurosis group. Hand search of Journal of Traumatic Stress. Contact with leading researchers.
  
  
  METHODS
  The inclusion criteria for all randomized studies was that they should focus on persons recently (one month or less) exposed to a traumatic event, should consist of a single session only, and that the intervention involve some form of emotional processing/ventilation by encouraging recollection/reworking of the traumatic event accompanied by normalisation of emotional reaction to the event.
  
  
  METHODS
  8 trials fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Quality was generally poor. Data from two trials could not be synthesised.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Single session individual debriefing did not reduce psychological distress nor prevent the onset of post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Those who received the intervention showed no significant short term (3-5 months) in the risk of PTSD (pooled odds ratio 1.0, 95% ci 0.6-1.8). At one year one trial reported that there was a significantly increased risk of PTSD in those receiving debriefing (odds ratio 2.9, 95% ci 1.1-7.5). The pooled odds ratio for the two trials with follow ups just included unity (odds ratio 2.0, 95% ci 0.9-4.5). There was also no evidence that debriefing reduced general psychological morbidity, depression or anxiety.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is no current evidence that psychological debriefing is a useful treatment for the prevention of post traumatic stress disorder after traumatic incidents. Compulsory debriefing of victims of trauma should cease.
authors.affiliation: Psychological medicine, Kings College London.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wessely
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rose
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bisson
mesh_terms: D003419:Crisis Intervention; D006801:Humans; D013313:Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic / Q000517:prevention & control*