title: Choroidal thickness changes during altered eye growth and refractive state in a primate.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In the chick, compensation for experimentally induced defocus involves changes in the thickness of the choroid. The choroid thickens in response to imposed myopic defocus and thins in response to imposed hyperopic defocus. This study was undertaken to determine whether similar choroidal changes occur in the primate eye with induced refractive errors.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-three common marmosets were used. Eyes in 26 monkeys served as untreated control eyes, and eyes in 7 received 3 weeks of monocular lid suture to induce changes in eye growth and refractive state. Refractive errors were measured using refractometry and retinoscopy, and axial ocular dimensions, including choroidal thickness, were measured using high-frequency A-scan ultrasonography. Eyes were measured before the lids were sutured and at frequent intervals after lid opening.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the marmoset, choroidal thickness ranges from 88 to 150 microm and increases significantly during the first year of life. Monocular lid suture initially results in short, hyperopic eyes that then become elongated and myopic. In these animals the choroids of both the experimental and the fellow control eyes also increase in thickness with age but additionally show interocular differences that vary significantly with the relative changes in vitreous chamber depth and refraction. In eyes that are shorter and more hyperopic than control eyes the choroids are thicker, and in eyes that are longer and more myopic than control eyes the choroids are thinner.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In marmosets, the thickness of the choroid increases during postnatal eye growth. Superimposed on this developmental increase in choroidal thickness there are changes in thickness that are correlated with the induced changes in eye size. These changes are small (<50 microm) in comparison with those observed in the chick, contributing to less than a diopter change in refractive error.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Science and Disease, The New England College of Optometry, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. troilod@ne-optometry.edu
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Troilo
authors.forename: D L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Nickla
authors.forename: C F
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Wildsoet
mesh_terms: D000375:Aging; D000818:Animals; D002144:Callithrix; D002829:Choroid / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D015862:Choroid Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology*; D005123:Eye / Q000254:growth & development; D005143:Eyelids / Q000601:surgery; D006956:Hyperopia / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology*; D009216:Myopia / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology*; D012683:Sensory Deprivation; D014463:Ultrasonography