title: Vaccines for preventing plague.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Plague is endemic in China, Mongolia, Burma, Vietnam, Indonesia, India, large parts of Southern Africa, the United States and South America. There are three types of vaccines (live attenuated, killed and F1 fraction) with varying means of administration.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this review was to assess the effects of vaccines to prevent plague.
  
  
  METHODS
  We searched Medline, Embase, the Cochrane Controlled Trials Register and reference lists of articles. We handsearched the journal 'Vaccine' and contacted experts in the field.
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomised trials comparing live and killed plague vaccines against no intervention, placebo, other plague vaccines or vaccines against other disease (control vaccines).
  
  
  METHODS
  Three reviewers assessed the eligibility of trials.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No trials were included.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is not enough evidence to evaluate the effectiveness of any plague vaccine, or the relative effectiveness between vaccines and their tolerability. Circumstantial data from observational studies suggest that killed types may be more effective and have fewer adverse effects than attenuated types of vaccine. No evidence appears to exist on the long-term effects of any plague vaccine.
authors.affiliation: Army Medical Directorate 5, Ministry of Defence, Building 21a, Keogh Barracks, Ash Vale, HANTS, UK, GU12 5RR. zorria@epinet.co.uk
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Jefferson
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Demicheli
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pratt
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D010930:Plague / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D010931:Plague Vaccine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014613:Vaccines, Attenuated / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015164:Vaccines, Inactivated / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D010931:Plague Vaccine; D014613:Vaccines, Attenuated; D015164:Vaccines, Inactivated