title: The role of protein kinase C in the increased generation in isolated rat hepatocytes of the hydroxyl radical by puromycin aminonucleoside.
abstract: Puromycin aminonucleoside (PAN) has been known to induce proteinuria. The increased generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) has been implicated in this toxicity of PAN. We have reported that PAN increases the synthesis of methylguanidine (MG) and creatol which are the products of the reaction of creatinine and the hydroxyl radical in isolated rat hepatocytes. However, the mechanism for the increased ROS induced by PAN is still unclear. In this paper, we investigate the role of protein kinase C (PKC) on the PAN induced reactive oxygen generation in isolated rat hepatocytes. Isolated hepatocytes were incubated in Krebs-Henseleit bicarbonate buffer containing 3% BSA, 16.6 mM creatinine and tested reagents. MG and creatol were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography using 9,10-phenanthrenequinone for the post-labeling. PAN increased MG and creatol synthesis in isolated rat hepatocytes by 60%. 1-(5-Isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-methylpiperazine dihydrochloride (H-7), a PKC inhibitor, at 10 and 100 microM significantly inhibited MG and creatol synthesis with or without PAN. The inhibition rate is dose dependent from 10 to 100 microM. H1004, a reagent used as control for H-7, did not affect (at 10 microM) or increased little (at 100 microM) the synthesis of MG and creatol. Ro31-8425, a potent PKC inhibitor, significantly inhibited (at 10 microM) MG synthesis in the presence of PAN. PKC in the membrane fraction, a marker of PKC activation, increased over the initial concentration by a factor of 1.65-fold at 60 min incubation and 2.16-fold at 120 min with PAN, while it changed little without PAN. These results indicate that PAN activates PKC resulting in increased hydroxyl radical generation in isolated rat hepatocytes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. aoyagi-k@md.tsukuba.ac.jp
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Aoyagi
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shahrzad
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kuzure
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Koyama
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ienaga
mesh_terms: D019307:1-(5-Isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-Methylpiperazine / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D002458:Cell Fractionation; D003401:Creatine / Q000378:metabolism; D003404:Creatinine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000378:metabolism; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D017665:Hydroxyl Radical / Q000378:metabolism*; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D008297:Male; D008760:Methylguanidine / Q000378:metabolism; D011493:Protein Kinase C / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D011692:Puromycin Aminonucleoside / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; C064402:creatol; D017665:Hydroxyl Radical; D011692:Puromycin Aminonucleoside; D008760:Methylguanidine; D019307:1-(5-Isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-Methylpiperazine; D003404:Creatinine; D011493:Protein Kinase C; D003401:Creatine