title: Hemispheric stroke following cardiac surgery: a case-control estimate of the risk resulting from ipsilateral asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis.
abstract: A case-control study was undertaken to determine if asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis (ACS) is independently associated with ipsilateral hemispheric stroke following cardiac surgery (CS). All CS patients (3069) who were at two hospitals between 1989 and 1994 were reviewed. Cases (31) selected for this study were those with hemispheric stroke within 30 days following CS. Controls (69) were taken from those without hemispheric stroke. Case-control analysis demonstrated that ACS of 50-90% and of 80-90% increased the risk of ipsilateral stroke 5.2-fold (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.5-16.3, p = 0.01) and 24.3-fold (CI = 2.6-114.9, p = 0.002), respectively. Other variables with significant odds ratios (OR) were age > or =65 years (OR = 4.0, CI = 1.3-10.5, p = 0.01), peripheral vascular disease (OR = 3.4, CI = 1.3-8.8, p = 0.02), hypertension (OR = 3.0, CI = 1.2-7.0, p = 0.02), and female gender (OR = 3.0, CI = 1.2-7.1, p = 0.04). A second conservative analysis for missing data demonstrated a significant association for ACS of 80-90% alone (OR = 13.1, CI = 1.5-60.9, p = 0.01). This association remained significant after multivariate adjustment with propensity score stratification. ACS (80-90%) appears to be independently associated with ipsilateral hemispheric stroke following CS when evaluated against the present study variables. This finding supports the need for a properly conducted prospective natural history study, including an evaluation of aortic arch atherosclerosis, to determine the clinical relevance of this observation.
authors.affiliation: Division of Vascular Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
authors.forename: A B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Hill
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Obrand
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: O'Rourke
authors.forename: O K
authors.initials: OK
authors.lastname: Steinmetz
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Miller
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D006348:Cardiac Surgical Procedures; D016893:Carotid Stenosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D020521:Stroke / Q000209:etiology*; D018616:Ultrasonography, Doppler, Duplex