title: SF-36 health survey: tests of data quality, scaling assumptions, and reliability in a community sample of Chinese Americans.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Chinese Americans are one of the fastest growing ethnic groups in the United States; however, language and cultural obstacles have challenged health workers and policy makers seeking to understand the health status and needs of this population.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study is the first to use a large-scale probability design to evaluate the 36-item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36) in a Chinese population (n = 1,501).
  
  
  METHODS
  Using the International Quality of Life Assessment Project protocols, we examine summated-rating scaling assumptions, item-internal consistency, item-discriminant validity, and reliability.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Similar to previous studies, our tests indicated that the SF-36 generally met minimum psychometric criteria with high reliability and satisfactory scaling success rates for most scales. However, the performance of the vitality and mental health scales was less satisfactory with regard to discriminant validity and scaling success rates. Notably, our results indicate that VT3 and VT4 ("feel worn out" and "tired", respectively) formed a separate "fatigue" cluster more highly correlated with the mental health scale. However, MH4 and MH5 ("downhearted and blue" [reverse coded] and "been a happy person") were more highly correlated with the vitality scale, suggesting that it may be more meaningful to reorganize the vitality and mental health items along the dimensions of well-being and distress.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results are interpreted within a cultural framework; however, additional work is needed to better understand the relationship between vitality and mental health for Chinese Americans.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles 90095-1563, USA. dfchang@ucla.edu
authors.forename: D F
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Chun
authors.forename: D T
authors.initials: DT
authors.lastname: Takeuchi
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shen
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001213:Asian / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D002140:California; D002681:China / Q000208:ethnology; D003625:Data Collection / Q000592:standards; D005260:Female; D006306:Health Surveys; D006723:Hong Kong / Q000208:ethnology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011594:Psychometrics; D011788:Quality of Life / Q000523:psychology; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013624:Taiwan / Q000208:ethnology