title: Volumetric measure of the frontal and temporal lobe regions in schizophrenia: relationship to negative symptoms.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Previous research has provided evidence for brain abnormalities in schizophrenia, but their relationship to specific clinical symptoms and syndromes remains unclear.
  
  
  METHODS
  With an all-male demographically similar sample of 53 schizophrenic patients and 29 normal control subjects, cerebral gray and white matter volumes (adjusted for intracranial volume and age were determined for regions in the prefrontal lobe and in the superficial and mesial temporal lobe using T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging with 2.8-mm coronal slices.
  
  
  RESULTS
  As a group, schizophrenic patients had wide-spread bilateral decrements in gray matter in the pre-frontal (7.4%) and temporal lobe regions (8.9%), but not in white matter in these regions. In the temporal lobe, gray matter reductions were found bilaterally in the superior temporal gyrus (6.0%), but not in the hippocampus and parahippocampus. While there were no overall group differences in white matter volumes, widespread decrements in prefrontal white matter in schizophrenic patients (n = 53) were related to higher levels of negative symptoms (partial r[49] = -0.42, P = .002), as measured by the Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms. A post hoc analysis revealed that schizophrenic patients with high negative symptoms had generalized prefrontal white matter reductions (11.4%) that were most severe in the orbitofrontal subregion (15.1%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that gray matter deficits may be a fairly common structural abnormality of schizophrenia, whereas reductions in prefrontal white matter may be associated with schizophrenic negative symptoms.
authors.affiliation: Psychiatry Service, New York Veterans Affairs Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sanfilipo
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Lafargue
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Rusinek
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Arena
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Loneragan
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lautin
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Feiner
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rotrosen
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wolkin
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017668:Age of Onset; D001921:Brain / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D010054:Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005625:Frontal Lobe / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D007839:Functional Laterality / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008297:Male; D017397:Prefrontal Cortex / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000175:diagnosis*; D012565:Schizophrenic Psychology; D013702:Temporal Lobe / Q000033:anatomy & histology*