title: Anatomy of the left upper quadrant for cannula insertion.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the anatomy of the left upper quadrant (LUQ) of the abdomen in women with different body mass indexes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Review of computed tomographic (CT) scans and medical records (Canadian Task Force classification II-2).
  
  
  METHODS
  Large tertiary care medical center.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty-three women over age 18 years who had scans performed for any indication. Nine women were excluded because of contraindication to LUQ laparoscopic cannula insertion and five because of incomplete records. Intervention. None.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The closest organs to the LUQ insertion site were the liver and stomach. There was significantly more subcutaneous fat at the umbilicus than at the insertion site. A positive correlation was found between body mass index and distance between structures and the site.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cannulas should not be inserted in the LUQ in women with hepatomegaly or splenomegaly. Because the stomach is so close to the insertion site, gastric drainage should be performed before cannula insertion. The site is likely safe in obese women whose abdominal organs are far away from it, and who have less subcutaneous fat there than at the umbilicus.
authors.affiliation: Department of Minimally Invasive Surgery, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.
authors.forename: P K
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Tulikangas
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nicklas
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Falcone
authors.forename: L L
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Price
mesh_terms: D000005:Abdomen / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002404:Catheterization; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000379:methods; D008499:Medical Records; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed