title: Estrogen replacement therapy and gallbladder disease in postmenopausal women.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the role of estrogen replacement therapy on the development of gallbladder disease in postmenopausal women.
  
  
  METHODS
  Systematic review of the English literature was conducted. All studies that addressed the association between hormone replacement therapy and gallbladder disease published from 1970 to the present were reviewed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seven observational studies, two clinical trials, two case series, and one nonrandomized and three randomized investigations were reviewed. The results of each study were reported and analyzed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Estrogen replacement therapy in postmenopausal women increased the chances for gallstone formation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, Illinois 60153, USA.
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Uhler
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Marks
authors.forename: H L
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Judd
mesh_terms: D001646:Bile / Q000187:drug effects; D002769:Cholelithiasis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000209:etiology; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000032:analysis; D015914:Estrogen Replacement Therapy / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D005705:Gallbladder Diseases / Q000209:etiology*; D006801:Humans; D017698:Postmenopause; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D002784:Cholesterol