The PBDEs: an emerging environmental challenge and another reason for breast-milk monitoring programs.
Levels of the polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), a class of widely used flame retardants, appear to be rising rapidly in human tissues, as evidenced by studies of human breast milk. The case of the PBDEs illustrates the value of breast-milk monitoring programs in identifying important emerging pollutants, and highlights why such monitoring programs are needed in the United States. A review of the use, occurrence, and toxicity of PBDEs indicates many parallels between some PBDEs, PCBs, and other polyhalogenated persistent organic pollutants, and suggests that the PBDEs may be a significant environmental challenge in the future.
Hooper
K
K
Hazardous Materials Laboratory, California Environmental Protection Agency, Berkeley, California 94707, USA. kim_hooper@hotmail.com
McDonald
T A
TA
D000818:Animals; D004702:Endocrine Glands / Q000187:drug effects; D004782:Environmental Health; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity; D005260:Female; D005411:Flame Retardants / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity; D006801:Humans; D008895:Milk, Human / Q000737:chemistry*; D009420:Nervous System / Q000187:drug effects / Q000196:embryology / Q000254:growth & development; D010647:Phenyl Ethers / Q000032:analysis* / Q000633:toxicity; D011075:Polybrominated Biphenyls / Q000032:analysis* / Q000633:toxicity; D018336:Receptors, Aryl Hydrocarbon / Q000187:drug effects; D014481:United States
D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D005411:Flame Retardants; D010647:Phenyl Ethers; D011075:Polybrominated Biphenyls; D018336:Receptors, Aryl Hydrocarbon