title: rhIGF-I/IGFBP-3 complex, but not free rhIGF-I, supports muscle protein biosynthesis in rats during semistarvation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of insulin like growth factor-I (rhIGF-I) in complex with binding protein 3 (IGFBP 3) compared to the effect of free IGF-I on muscle protein biosynthesis in undernourished animals.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three groups of female Sprague-Dawley rats (200 g) were initially semi-starved for 3 days and then treated with saline (controls), rhIGF-I (1 microg g-1) or equimolar amounts of rhIGF-I/rhIGFBP-3 complex (5 microg g-1) i.v. twice daily for 3 days during continuous semistarvation. Protein metabolism in hind limb skeletal muscle was studied by incorporation of L-[14C-U]phenylalanine into proteins, western blot determination of translation initiation factors involved in the binding of the 40S ribosomal subunit to mRNA, and quantification of mRNA content for IGF-I, IGF-IR and GH-R. Plasma measurements of insulin, IGF-I and amino acids were also performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  rhIGF-I/rhIGFBP-3, but not rhIGF-I alone, stimulated protein synthesis by 177 +/- 26% (P </= 0.05) in semi-starved rats. This stimulation was associated with dissociation of the 4E-BP1. eIF-4E complex, implicating increased binding of the 40S ribosomal subunit to mRNA, and hence increased initiation of protein synthesis in these animals. Muscle content of IGF-I mRNA was reduced in semi-starved animals, whereas IGF-I receptor mRNA was unaltered despite food restriction. Plasma concentration of IGF-I was 20% (P </= 0.05) higher in rhIGF-I/rhIGFBP-3 treated animals as compared to rats treated with saline or free IGF-I. Plasma concentrations of amino acids were increased in rhIGF-I/rhIGFBP-3 treated animals (P </= 0.05 vs. semi-starved controls).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  rhIGF-I/rhIGFBP-3 (SomatoKine) was a significant stimulator of muscle protein synthesis in chronically semi-starved animals whereas IGF-I alone failed to increase protein synthesis during the same experimental conditions. This stimulation was because of increased initiation of translation, likely induced by more physiologic concentrations/kinetics of plasma IGF-I and amino acids following rhIGF-I/rhIGFBP-3 treatment, compared to IGF-I in its free form.
authors.affiliation: Göteborg University, Göteborg, Sweden. Elisabeth.Svanberg@surgery.gu.se
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Svanberg
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ohlsson
authors.forename: S R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Kimball
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Lundholm
mesh_terms: D000596:Amino Acids / Q000097:blood; D000824:Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose; D002250:Carbon Radioisotopes; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D002149:Energy Intake; D039561:Eukaryotic Initiation Factor-4E; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000502:physiology; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D018972:Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 3 / Q000378:metabolism*; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D009124:Muscle Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000378:metabolism; D010448:Peptide Initiation Factors / Q000378:metabolism; D010750:Phosphoproteins / Q000378:metabolism; D010766:Phosphorylation; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013217:Starvation / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000596:Amino Acids; D001786:Blood Glucose; D002250:Carbon Radioisotopes; D002352:Carrier Proteins; C499526:Eif4ebp1 protein, rat; D039561:Eukaryotic Initiation Factor-4E; D007328:Insulin; D018972:Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 3; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D009124:Muscle Proteins; D010448:Peptide Initiation Factors; D010750:Phosphoproteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I