title: In situ dehydration of carbamazepine dihydrate: a novel technique to prepare amorphous anhydrous carbamazepine.
abstract: The purposes of this project were to prepare amorphous carbamazepine by dehydration of crystalline carbamazepine dihydrate, and to study the kinetics of crystallization of the prepared amorphous phase. Amorphous carbamazepine was formed and characterized in situ in the sample chamber of a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), a thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA), and a variable temperature x-ray powder diffractometer (VTXRD). It has a glass transition temperature of 56 degrees C and it is a relatively strong glass with a strength parameter of 37. The kinetics of its crystallization were followed by isothermal XRD, under a controlled water vapor pressure of 23 Torr. The crystallization kinetics are best described by the three-dimensional nuclear growth model with rate constants of 0.014, 0.021, and 0.032 min-1 at 45, 50, and 55 degrees C, respectively. When the Arrhenius equation was used, the activation energy of crystallization was calculated to be 74 kJ/mol in the presence of water vapor (23 Torr). On the basis of the Kissinger plot, the activation energy of crystallization in the absence of water vapor (0 Torr water vapor pressure) was determined to be 157 kJ/mol. Dehydration of the dihydrate is a novel method to prepare amorphous carbamazepine; in comparison with other methods, it is a relatively gentle and effective technique.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis 55455-0343, USA.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: G G
authors.initials: GG
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Grant
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Suryanarayanan
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D000927:Anticonvulsants / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry*; D002152:Calorimetry, Differential Scanning; D002220:Carbamazepine / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry*; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; D003460:Crystallization; D003890:Desiccation; D004339:Drug Compounding; D013818:Thermogravimetry; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction
chemical_list: D000927:Anticonvulsants; D002220:Carbamazepine