title: Pulsatile luteinising hormone releasing hormone for ovulation induction in subfertility associated with polycystic ovary syndrome.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In normal menstrual cycles, gonadotrophin releasing hormone (GnRH) secretion is pulsatile, with intervals of 60-120 minutes in the follicular phase. Treatment with pulsatile GnRH infusion by the intra-venous or subcutaneous route using a portable pump has been used successfully in patients with hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism. Assuming that the results would be similar in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), pulsatile GnRH has been used to induce ovulation in patients with PCOS. But, although ovulation and pregnancy has been achieved, the use of pulsatile GnRH in PCOS patients is controversial.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To assess the effectiveness of pulsatile GnRH administration in women with clomiphene-resistant polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), in terms of ovulation induction, pregnancy, miscarriage, multiple pregnancy and ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS).
  
  
  METHODS
  The search strategy of the Menstrual Disorders and Subfertility review group was used to identify all relevant trials. Please see Review Group details.
  
  
  METHODS
  All relevant published RCTs were selected. Non-randomised controlled trials were eligible for inclusion if treatment consisted of GnRH administration versus another treatment to induce ovulation in subfertile women with PCOS.
  
  
  METHODS
  A computerised MEDLINE and EMBASE search was used to identify randomised and non randomised controlled trials. The reference lists of all studies found were checked for relevant articles. One RCT (Bringer 1985a) and one abstract (Coelingh 1983) were identified this way. Relevant data were extracted independently by two reviewers (NB, MW). Validity was assessed in terms of method of randomization, completeness of follow-up, presence or absence of cross-over and co-intervention. All trials were screened and analysed for predetermined quality criteria.
  
  
  RESULTS
  2X2 tables were generated for all the relevant outcomes. Odds ratios were generated using the Peto modified Mantel-Haenszel technique.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Three RCTs and one non-randomised comparative trial were identified comparing four different treatments: GnRH versus HMG, GnRH following GnRHa pre-treatment versus no pre-treatment, GnRH and FSH versus FSH, and GnRH following GnRHa pre-treatment versus GnRH following oral contraceptive pre-treatment. This means that there was only one trial in any one comparison. In the first two studies, data of pre- and post-cross-over were not described separately. Therefore, these results could not be included in the MetaView analysis. The odds ratio for ovulation rate was 16 (95 % CI: 1.1-239) in the study comparing GnRH and FSH with FSH. When GnRH after GnRHa pre-treatment was compared with GnRH after oral contraceptive pre-treatment, an odds ratio of 7.5 (95 % CI: 1.2-46) was obtained. All trials were small and of too short duration to show any significance in pregnancy results. Per study only one to four pregnancies occurred. Multiple pregnancies were not seen. OHSS was seen only in the patients stimulated with HMG.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The four trials describing four different comparisons with a short follow up (1 to 3 cycles) were too small to either prove or discard the value of pulsatile GnRH treatment in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome.
authors.affiliation: Department of Reproductive Medicine - H4-205, Academic Medical Centre (AMC), Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, Netherlands, 1105 AZ. n.bayram@amc.uva.nl
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Bayram
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: van Wely
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Vandekerckhove
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lilford
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: van Der Veen
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D005300:Fertility Agents, Female / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005306:Fertilization; D007987:Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D006801:Humans; D007260:Infusion Pumps; D010062:Ovulation Induction / Q000379:methods*; D011085:Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
chemical_list: D005300:Fertility Agents, Female; D007987:Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone