[Open care--the Rodewisch theses--psychiatry enquete: 3 reform approaches compared].
OBJECTIVE
The three most important German approaches for reforming psychiatric care in the 20th century--i.e. "open care" in the Weimer Republic in the 20ies, the "Rodewisch Theses" published in the GDR 1963, and the "Psychiatry-Enquete" in the Federal Republic in 1975--were compared using seven criteria.


METHODS
Psychiatric and general medical journals were systematically searched for articles on aims and objectives of mental health care.


RESULTS
All three approaches promoted stronger community based care. None of them suggested an "empowerment" as it is understood today. Differences between them concerned equal care for mentally and physically ill patients, international relations, and economic arguments. Comparisons on other criteria, e.g. the relationship with university psychiatry, yield a less clear picture.


CONCLUSIONS
All three ideas for reforms have been successful--to a limited and different extent. They resemble each other in essential principles, but there are also substantial differences.
Schmiedebach
H P
HP
Institut für Geschichte der Medizin, Universität Greifswald.
Beddies
T
T
Schulz
J
J
Priebe
S
S
D003156:Community Mental Health Services / Q000266:history*; D005858:Germany; D018166:Health Care Reform / Q000266:history*; D049673:History, 20th Century; D006801:Humans; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000266:history*; D011570:Psychiatry / Q000266:history*