title: Fluorescence bronchoscopic surveillance after curative surgical resection for non-small-cell lung cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Second lung primaries occur at a rate of up to 3% per patient-year after curative resection for non-small-cell lung carcinoma. Postresection patients are often poor candidates for further curative surgery because of their diminished pulmonary reserve. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of fluorescence bronchoscopy by using the Xillix LIFE-Lung Fluorescence Endoscopy System to identify second lung primaries in patients who have had a previous curative resection of a non-small-cell lung cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients who had no evidence of disease status after resection of a non-small-cell lung cancer were identified from a prospectively collected data base and entered onto a fluorescence bronchoscopy surveillance protocol. All suspicious areas, as well as several areas of apparently normal mucosa, were sampled for biopsy. A single pathologist reviewed all biopsy specimens, with 10% of biopsies re-reviewed, for quality control, by a second pulmonary pathologist.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 31 surveillance fluorescence bronchoscopies were performed on 25 patients after conventional bronchoscopy. Four intraepithelial neoplasias or invasive carcinomas were identified in 3 (12%) of 25 patients screened. The addition of the LIFE examination to conventional bronchoscopy increased the sensitivity of screening from 25.0% to 75.0%, which yielded a relative sensitivity of 300% with a negative predictive value of .97.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Use of postresection surveillance with fluorescence bronchoscopy identified intraepithelial or invasive lesions in 12% of non-small-cell lung cancer patients, and the system was three times more sensitive than conventional bronchoscopy to identify these early mucosal lesions. Fluorescence bronchoscopic surveillance of this high-risk, postresection population will help better define the true rate of occurrence and the natural history of second primaries and may assist in monitoring their response to newer, noninvasive treatment methods, such as photodynamic therapy or chemopreventive agents, in future trials.
authors.affiliation: Thoracic Oncology Service, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10021, USA.
authors.forename: T L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Weigel
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yousem
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dacic
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Kosco
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Siegfried
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Luketich
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001999:Bronchoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D005453:Fluorescence; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016609:Neoplasms, Second Primary / Q000175:diagnosis*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity