title: Immunopotentiating of mucosal and systemic antibody responses in mice by intranasal immunization with HLT-combined influenza virosomal vaccine.
abstract: The mucosal vaccination strategy against influenza has been investigated by using influenza virosomal vaccine (IRIV) combined with two different adjuvants: the procholeragenoid (PCG) and the Escherichia coli heat labile toxin (HLT). A comparative study has been carried out on mice administered intranasally with these different formulations of influenza vaccine. PCG appears less effective than HLT in inducing an IgG response, but both the adjuvants elicit mucosal adjuvant activity inducing s-IgA in the upper respiratory tract. On the contrary, only HLT when administered intranasally to mice with influenza virosomes stimulates the production of s-IgA in the lower respiratory tract thereby providing a better protection against primary infection of the respiratory system. Both HLT and PCG enhance the production of IFN-gamma in the respiratory tract, nevertheless HLT appears more efficacious as a mucosal adjuvant.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biology, Section of Microbiology, University of Siena, Italy. cusi@unisi.it
authors.forename: M G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Cusi
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Lomagistro
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Valassina
authors.forename: P E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Valensin
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Glück
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000281:Administration, Intranasal; D000818:Animals; D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D001427:Bacterial Toxins / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000276:immunology*; D002772:Cholera Toxin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology; D004768:Enterotoxins / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000276:immunology*; D029968:Escherichia coli Proteins; D005260:Female; D018928:Immunity, Mucosal; D007252:Influenza Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000276:immunology; D007273:Injections, Intramuscular; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000096:biosynthesis; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D009297:Nasal Mucosa / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D017778:Vaccines, Combined / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial; D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D001427:Bacterial Toxins; D004768:Enterotoxins; D029968:Escherichia coli Proteins; D007252:Influenza Vaccines; D017778:Vaccines, Combined; D007371:Interferon-gamma; D002772:Cholera Toxin; C027538:heat-labile enterotoxin, E coli