title: A valid, accurate, office based non-radioactive test for gastric emptying of solids.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Current breath tests for measurement of gastric emptying of solids are expensive, possibly inaccurate, and require cumbersome calculations.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We wished to validate a simplified solid gastric emptying test using a [(13)C]Spirulina platensis breath test for accurate results relative to scintigraphy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty healthy volunteers.
  
  
  METHODS
  We measured gastric emptying of egg containing [(13)C]S platensis and (99m)Tc sulphur colloid by breath (13)CO(2) and scintigraphy over six hours. A generalised linear regression model was used to predict t(1/2) and t(LAG) by scintigraphy from breath (13)CO(2) data. The model was cross validated and normative data calculated for a prepacked [(13)C]meal.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Regression models using all breath data over six hours, for the first three hours, and for samples at 75, 90, and 180 minutes ("reduced model") predicted t(1/2) and t(LAG) values similar to scintigraphy (t(LAG) 43 (SD 12) min; t(1/2) 100 (20) min). Standard deviations of differences in t(1/2) and t(LAG) between scintigraphy and the "reduced model" were both 10 minutes. Gastric t(1/2) for the prepacked [(13)C]meal was 91 (15) min (10-90% range: 74-118).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The [(13)C]S platensis breath test and a simple formula using breath (13)CO(2) at baseline, 90, and 180 minutes measured gastric emptying t(1/2) for solids with results that were comparable with scintigraphy.
authors.affiliation: Gastroenterology Research Unit, Mayo Clinic and Mayo Foundation, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Camilleri
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Zinsmeister
authors.forename: D D
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Burton
authors.forename: L J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Kost
authors.forename: P D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Klein
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001944:Breath Tests / Q000379:methods*; D002247:Carbon Isotopes; D004531:Eggs; D005260:Female; D005746:Gastric Emptying / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011877:Radionuclide Imaging / Q000379:methods; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
chemical_list: D002247:Carbon Isotopes