title: Effect of growth hormone, epidermal growth factor, and insulin on bacterial translocation in experimental short bowel syndrome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  An adaptive process starts in the remaining intestine after massive resection, and several trophic factors including growth hormone (GH), epidermal growth factor (EGF), and insulin (INS) have been shown to have a positive effect on it. Bacterial translocation (BT) is frequent after extensive small bowel resection, but the effects of GH, EGF, or INS have not been investigated in experimental short bowel syndrome (SBS). This study tests the hypothesis that GH, EGF, or INS decrease BT in SBS in rats with parenteral nutrition (PN).
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-eight adult Wistar rats underwent central venous cannulation and were assigned randomly to 1 of 4 groups receiving for 10 days 4 treatment regimes: (1) PN group (n = 10): fasting, all-in-one PN solution (300 mL/kg/24 h, 280 kcal/kg/24 h), 80% gut resection including ileo-cecal valve; (2) GH group (n = 9): fasting, same PN regime and resection, GH (1 mg/kg/d, subcutaneously); (3) EGF group (n = 9): fasting, PN, resection, EGF (150 microg/24 h intravenously); (4) INS group (n = 9): fasting, PN, resection, INS (1 UI/100 g/24 h subcutaneously). At the end of the experiment they were killed, and mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN) and peripheral and portal blood samples were recovered and cultured. Several fragments of intestine were taken to determine cell proliferation (PCNA index) and morphometric parameters (villous height, crypt depth).
  
  
  RESULTS
  GH, EGF, and INS groups showed a 28%, 29%, and 30% increase in gut mucosal thickness, and PCNA index rose 21%, 20%, and 25%, respectively in comparison with PN controls. Bacterial translocation to peripheral blood was detected in 0% of PN animals and in 44%, 40%, and 28% of GH, EGF, or INS rats, respectively (P < .05). No differences were found in BT in MLN or portal blood among groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Administration of GH, EGF, or INS improves gut mucosal structure in rats with SBS under PN, but, surprisingly, the incidence of BT detected in peripheral blood was increased rather than decreased in animals receiving these treatments.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Surgery, Hospital Aranzazu, San Sebastian, Spain.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Eizaguirre
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Aldazabal
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Barrena
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Garcia-Arenzana
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ariz
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Candelas
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Tovar
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018988:Bacterial Translocation / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D046508:Culture Techniques; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004815:Epidermal Growth Factor / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006090:Gram-Negative Bacteria / Q000502:physiology*; D013006:Growth Hormone / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007328:Insulin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D010288:Parenteral Nutrition; D011897:Random Allocation; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012016:Reference Values; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012778:Short Bowel Syndrome / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000382:microbiology*; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric
chemical_list: D007328:Insulin; D004815:Epidermal Growth Factor; D013006:Growth Hormone