title: An evolutionarily conserved tripartite tryptophan motif stabilizes the prodomains of cathepsin L-like cysteine proteases.
abstract: Cathepsin L-like cysteine proteinases contain an evolutionarily highly conserved alpha-helical motif in the proregion. This is called the ER(F/W)N(I/V)N motif according to the conserved amino acids along one side of the helix. We studied the function of this motif using site-directed mutagenesis experiments of human procathepsin S. We replaced each of these amino acids with alanine and constructed deletion mutants lacking parts of the helix. All mutants were expressed in HEK 293 cells, but only one, W52A, was not processed to mature cathepsin S, nor was it phosphorylated or secreted into the culture medium. W52 is part of the hydrophobic core in the propeptide region of cathepsin S comprising two additional tryptophan residues, W28 and W31, also conserved among cathepsin L-like cysteine peptidases. Replacement of the latter with alanine led to consequences similar to those with the W52A mutation. Recombinant propeptides containing mutations of one of the three tryptophan residues were three orders of magnitude less effective as inhibitors of mature cathepsin S than the wild-type propeptide. The results point to a dominant role of the respective hydrophobic stack in the proper folding, transport and maturation of procathepsin S and related cathepsin L-like cysteine proteinases.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biochemistry, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Jena, Germany.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kreusch
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fehn
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Maubach
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nissler
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Rommerskirch
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Schilling
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Weber
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Wenz
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Wiederanders
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000378:metabolism; D015153:Blotting, Western; D056668:Cathepsin L; D002403:Cathepsins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D002460:Cell Line; D017124:Conserved Sequence; D003546:Cysteine Endopeptidases; D018076:DNA, Complementary / Q000378:metabolism; D004591:Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; D010450:Endopeptidases; D004721:Endoplasmic Reticulum / Q000378:metabolism; D004792:Enzyme Precursors / Q000096:biosynthesis; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D006801:Humans; D007700:Kinetics; D051907:Lysosomal Membrane Proteins; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000378:metabolism; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D008958:Models, Molecular; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016297:Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; D011233:Precipitin Tests; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D014162:Transfection; D014364:Tryptophan / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD; D018076:DNA, Complementary; D004792:Enzyme Precursors; D051907:Lysosomal Membrane Proteins; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D014364:Tryptophan; D002403:Cathepsins; D010450:Endopeptidases; D003546:Cysteine Endopeptidases; C534281:CTSL protein, human; D056668:Cathepsin L; C028217:cathepsin S