title: The coxsackie-adenovirus receptor (CAR) is used by reference strains and clinical isolates representing all six serotypes of coxsackievirus group B and by swine vesicular disease virus.
abstract: Group B coxsackieviruses are etiologically linked to many human diseases, and cell surface receptors are postulated to play an important role in mediating their pathogenesis. The coxsackievirus adenovirus receptor (CAR) has been shown to function as a receptor for selected strains of coxsackievirus group B (CVB) serotypes 3, 4, and 5 and is postulated to serve as a receptor for all six serotypes. In this study, we demonstrate that CAR can serve as a receptor for laboratory reference strains and clinical isolates of all six CVB serotypes. Infection of CHO cells expressing human CAR results in a 1000-fold increase in CVB progeny virus titer compared to mock transfected cells. CAR was shown to be a functional receptor for swine vesicular disease virus (SVDV), as CHO-CAR cells but not CHO mock transfected controls were susceptible to SVDV infection, produced progeny SVDV, and developed cytopathic effects. Moreover, SVDV infection could be specifically blocked by monoclonal antibody to CAR (RmcB). SVDV infection of HeLa cells was also inhibited by an anti-CD55 MAb, suggesting that this virus, like some CVB, may interact with CD55 (decay accelerating factor) in addition to CAR. Finally, pretreatment of CVB or SVDV with soluble CAR effectively blocks virus infection of HeLa cell monolayers.
authors.affiliation: Heart and Stroke/Richard Lewar Center of Excellence, University of Toronto, Toronto General Hospital, 200 Elizabeth Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 2C4, Canada.
authors.forename: T A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Martino
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Petric
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Weingartl
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Bergelson
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Opavsky
authors.forename: C D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Richardson
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Modlin
authors.forename: R W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Finberg
authors.forename: K C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Kain
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Willis
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Gauntt
authors.forename: P P
authors.initials: PP
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018958:CD55 Antigens / Q000378:metabolism; D016466:CHO Cells; D002522:Chlorocebus aethiops; D062727:Coxsackie and Adenovirus Receptor-Like Membrane Protein; D006224:Cricetinae; D003588:Cytopathogenic Effect, Viral; D029822:Enterovirus B, Human / Q000145:classification*; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011991:Receptors, Virus / Q000502:physiology*; D012703:Serotyping; D013552:Swine; D013555:Swine Vesicular Disease / Q000821:virology*; D014162:Transfection; D014709:Vero Cells
chemical_list: D018958:CD55 Antigens; C568771:CLMP protein, human; D062727:Coxsackie and Adenovirus Receptor-Like Membrane Protein; D011991:Receptors, Virus