title: A diagnostic clinical genetic study of craniofacial dysmorphism.
abstract: A diagnostic evaluation of craniofacial anomalies, either isolated or as part of a genetic syndrome was conducted on 25 patients (8 females, 17 males), age range 2 months to 47 years. Complete genetic examination, pedigree analysis, anthropometric measurements and radiological studies were carried out. Cytogenetic studies included fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) when indicated. In all, 15 patients had chromosomal abnormalities. Five patients had unbalanced chromosome rearrangements and six had chromosome markers. Three patients were FISH-positive for William syndrome and one was positive for Prader-Willi syndrome. Ten patients had monogenic disorders. Five were diagnosed as craniosynostosis syndromes. We conclude that minor features are useful for making a diagnosis of congenital anomalies.
authors.affiliation: Human Genetics Department, Alexandria University, Egypt.
authors.forename: H M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Farag
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Kotb
authors.forename: G A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Sweify
authors.forename: R K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Fawzy
authors.forename: S R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Ismail
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000886:Anthropometry; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002869:Chromosome Aberrations / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000517:prevention & control; D025063:Chromosome Disorders; D000013:Congenital Abnormalities / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics; D004534:Egypt; D005147:Facial Bones / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D005260:Female; D005817:Genetic Counseling; D005820:Genetic Testing / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D017404:In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence; D007223:Infant; D007621:Karyotyping; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010375:Pedigree; D011859:Radiography; D012886:Skull / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging