title: The influence of mycophenolate mofetil on the incidence and severity of primary cytomegalovirus infections and disease after renal transplantation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) is increasingly used for immunosuppression after renal transplantation (RTx). The aim of our study was to investigate if the use of MMF has resulted in an increase in the frequency and severity of primary cytomegalovirus (CMV) infections.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective study of adult RTx patients who were CMV seronegative and who received a kidney of a CMV seropositive donor in the period 1992-1997 (n=84). Twenty-four of these patients were treated with MMF (in combination with cyclosporin and prednisone; MMF+) and the other 60 were the control group (cyclosporin and prednisone; MMF-). No CMV prophylaxis was given. CMV infection was defined as CMV seroconversion of IgG antibodies. CMV disease was defined as CMV infection and fever in combination with one or more of the following: leukocytopenia, thrombocytopenia, elevated alanine aminotransferase, or histological evidence of tissue invasive disease.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The incidence of primary CMV infections was similar in both groups (MMF+, 75%; MMF-, 63%). CMV disease was more frequent in the MMF+ group than in the MMF- group (67 vs 30%, P<0.05). In the patients with CMV disease, the use of MMF did not affect severity of symptoms, frequency of tissue invasive disease, or frequency or duration of treatment with ganciclovir.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Addition of MMF to the immunosuppressive therapy after RTx did not result in an increase of primary CMV infections.However, these CMV infections led more often to CMV disease in patients treated with MMF than in those without MMF.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University Hospital Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: C G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: ter Meulen
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Wetzels
authors.forename: L B
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: Hilbrands
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016572:Cyclosporine / Q000009:adverse effects; D003586:Cytomegalovirus Infections / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000453:epidemiology; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D015994:Incidence; D016030:Kidney Transplantation; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009173:Mycophenolic Acid / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D011241:Prednisone / Q000009:adverse effects; D012189:Retrospective Studies
chemical_list: D005938:Glucocorticoids; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D016572:Cyclosporine; D009173:Mycophenolic Acid; D011241:Prednisone