title: Usefulness of carvedilol in unstable angina pectoris.
abstract: The safety and efficacy of adding oral carvedilol (25 mg twice daily) to standardized treatment of unstable angina was assessed in a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo- controlled trial on 116 patients with acute unstable angina. Patients were monitored in an intensive care unit and underwent 48-hour Holter monitoring to assess transient ischemia. Carvedilol as adjunctive therapy resulted in a significant reduction of median heart rate (65 vs 75 beats/min, p <0.05), mean systolic blood pressure (133 vs 130 mm Hg, p <0.05), and mean rate-pressure product (8,337 vs 10,042, p <0.05). Carvedilol reduced the ischemic burden during 48 hours of treatment by 75% (49 vs 204 minutes), including a 36% reduction of patients with ischemic episodes (p <0.05), a 66% reduction of the mean number of ischemic episodes (8 vs 24, p <0.05), and a 76% reduction in the mean duration of ischemic episodes (50 vs 205 minutes, p <0.05). Side effects occurred in 8 of 59 patients (13.6%) in the carvedilol group and in 5 of 54 patients (8.8%) given placebo. Although not significant, the early onset of maximal blood pressure reduction and the delayed effect on heart rate were closely correlated to drug-induced hypotension and bradycardia in the carvedilol group. Thus, carvedilol as an adjunctive to standardized treatment effectively reduces heart rate and blood pressure, and thus the ischemic burden in patients with unstable angina pectoris, but requires close monitoring of patients at risk for bradycardia or hypotension.
authors.affiliation: Brigham and Women's Hospital, Cardiovascular Research Division, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Brunner
authors.forename: T S
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Faber
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Greve
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Keck
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Schnabel
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jeron
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Meinertz
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Just
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zehender
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000284:Administration, Oral; D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000789:Angina, Unstable / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D002227:Carbazoles / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000077261:Carvedilol; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004562:Electrocardiography / Q000187:drug effects; D015716:Electrocardiography, Ambulatory; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011412:Propanolamines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; D002227:Carbazoles; D011412:Propanolamines; D000077261:Carvedilol