title: [Multiple prostatic biopsies in the "gray zone" of the specific prostatic antigen].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Aim of our study was to identify cases of undetected prostatic cancer in patients with normal findings at digital examination and transrectal US, and prostate specific antigen (PSA) values ranging 4-10 ng/mL.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two hundred and ninety patients were submitted to transrectal US and random bilateral prostatic biopsy; 3 samples were collected from each side of the gland using 16-Gauge thru-cut needles. Of the 290 patients who gave fully informed consent, we selected 34 whose age ranged 56 to 76 years (mean: 64). Inclusion criteria were PSA 4-10 ng/mL, PSAD cut-off 0.15, free/total PSA ratio 15-25%, and normal findings at digital examination and transrectal US. PSA velocity was calculated collecting 3 blood samples every 30 days for 2 months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Five of the 34 selected patients (15%) had prostatic cancer, and 2 (6%) Pin (1 Pin 1 and 1 Pin 2). As for the other 27 patients, biopsy demonstrated 4 (12%) cases of prostatitis and 23 (62%) cases of BPH. PSA values increased in all patients with positive histology, versus only 6 (22%) of those with negative histology. PSAD was 0.15 or greater in 3 of 7 prostatic cancer patients. Free/total PSA ratio never exceeded the cut-off value. Gleason score ranged 2 to 4.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings confirm that prostatic biopsy can detect tumors also in areas which appear normal at transrectal US and digital examination, and that PSA rate increases in patients with positive histology. Finally, the actual clinical role of prostatic biopsy relative to all other diagnostic imaging techniques remains to be defined.
authors.affiliation: Istituto di Radiologia II Cattedra, Università degli Studi La Sapienza, Roma.
authors.forename: F M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Drudi
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ricci
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Iannicelli
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Di Nardo
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Novelli
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Laghi
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Perugia
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Passariello
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001706:Biopsy / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011467:Prostate / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000097:blood*; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000473:pathology*; D012016:Reference Values; D014463:Ultrasonography
chemical_list: D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen