title: Optical coherence tomography as a method for identifying benign and malignant microscopic structures in the prostate gland.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a new optical imaging technique capable of providing cross-sectional imaging of tissue microstructure in vivo and in real time. OCT was used in the setting of the human prostate ex vivo, and the images acquired were compared with those obtained using standard histopathologic methods.
  
  
  METHODS
  Multiple samples (3 to 6) were obtained from the radical prostatectomy specimens of 7 men with clinically localized (T1c-2, N0, M0) adenocarcinoma of the prostate. These specimens were 1 cm in length and 1 mm x 1 mm in rectangular cross section. Specimens were first imaged using OCT and then embedded and stained in preparation for histopathologic evaluation. Co-registration of the images obtained using OCT and standard histopathologic evaluation provided the basis for comparison.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Structural architecture on the order of 50 to 150 microm within benign glandular epithelium, fibroadipose tissue, and malignant glandular epithelium could be resolved to a depth of approximately 0.5 mm using OCT.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Microscopic resolution is possible in human prostatic tissue using OCT. Further studies using this technique to improve the detection and staging of adenocarcinoma of the prostate are ongoing.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA.
authors.forename: A V
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: D'Amico
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Weinstein
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Richie
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fujimoto
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011469:Prostatic Diseases / Q000473:pathology*; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D014054:Tomography