title: Low fasting plasma glucose level as a predictor of cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although medical textbooks usually classify fasting plasma glucose <70 or 80 mg/dL (<3.89 or 4.44 mmol/L) as abnormal, the prognosis for patients with low fasting plasma glucose is unclear.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We conducted prospective cohort studies among 40 069 men and women to investigate the association between fasting plasma glucose levels and cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality. We documented a U-shaped relation between fasting plasma glucose and mortality. In addition to diabetes and impaired fasting glucose levels, low fasting plasma glucose levels were also associated with high mortality. After multivariate adjustment for age, sex, study population, ethnicity, current smoking status, high blood pressure, total cholesterol, body mass index, triglycerides, history of cardiovascular disease and cancer, and a family history of cardiovascular disease, patients with fasting plasma glucose <70 mg/dL (<3.89 mmol/L) had a 3.3-fold increased risk of cardiovascular disease mortality, and patients with fasting plasma glucose 70 to 79 mg/dL (3.89 to 4.43 mmol/L) had a 2.4-fold increased risk compared with the risk in patients with fasting plasma glucose 80 to 109 mg/dL (4.44 to 6.05 mmol/L) (tests for trend P<0.0001). Participants with low fasting plasma glucose levels also had increased risk of all-cause mortality (test for trend P<0.0001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Participants with low fasting plasma glucose levels had a high risk of cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality.
authors.affiliation: Cooper Institute, Dallas, TX 75230, USA. mwei@cooperinst.org
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.forename: L W
authors.initials: LW
authors.lastname: Gibbons
authors.forename: T L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Mitchell
authors.forename: J B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Kampert
authors.forename: M P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Stern
authors.forename: S N
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Blair
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis*; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000401:mortality*; D005215:Fasting; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009026:Mortality; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D016019:Survival Analysis
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose