title: Laparoscopic versus open splenectomy in children.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The authors have reviewed their initial experience with laparoscopic splenectomy (LS) to identify the indications, success rate, and complications associated with this procedure compared with a series of children undergoing open splenectomy (OS) during the same time period.
  
  
  METHODS
  The records of 51 children who underwent splenectomy from 1993 through 1998 were reviewed retrospectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirty-five patients aged 1 to 17 years (mean, 9.4 years) underwent LS for the following indications: ITP (n = 20), sickle cell disease or thalassemia (n = 6), hereditary spherocytosis (n = 5), other hematologic disorders (n = 4). Seventeen patients aged 2 to 17 years (mean, 11.8 years) underwent OS during the same time period for ITP (n = 4), sickle cell disease or thalassemia (n = 4), hereditary spherocytosis (n = 5), and other indications (n = 4). Concomitant cholecystectomy was performed in 4 of 35 LS and 4 of 17 OS. Accessory spleens were identified in 10 of 35 LS and 2 of 17 OS cases. Eleven spleens were enlarged in the LS group, and 8 were enlarged in the OS group. One LS required conversion to an open procedure because the spleen did not fit in the bag. No other cases were converted. Median estimated blood loss was 50 mL for both the LS and OS groups. The only intraoperative complication in the LS group was a splenic capsular tear, which had no effect on the successful laparoscopic removal of the spleen. No patient in either group required a blood transfusion. The LS patients had a shorter length of hospital stay (1.8 +/- 1 versus 4.0 +/- 1 day, P = .0001). Total hospital charges were not significantly different. Follow-up ranged from 6 to 40 months. One LS patient died 47 days postoperatively from unrelated causes. Two LS patients had recurrent ITP; accessory spleens were found in one and resected laparoscopically.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  LS in children can be performed safely with a low conversion rate (2.9%) and is associated with a shorter hospital stay and comparable total hospital cost when compared with OS.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, St. Louis Children's Hospital and Washington University School of Medicine, MO, USA.
authors.forename: R K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Minkes
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lagzdins
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Langer
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005069:Evaluation Studies as Topic; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D019337:Hematologic Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D007813:Laparotomy / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013156:Splenectomy / Q000379:methods*; D013158:Splenic Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery*; D016896:Treatment Outcome