title: Cardiac swelling-induced chloride current is enhanced by endothelin.
abstract: Endothelins (ETs) are a family of peptide hormones that act on G protein-coupled ET(A) and ET(B) receptors. ETs exert inotropic and chronotropic actions in the heart. Myocardial ischemia is associated with increased plasma levels of ET and cell swelling. We examined the effect of ETs on dog atrial swelling-induced chloride current (I(Cl,swell)). Whole-cell patch clamp was used; 10 nM ET-1 or ET-2 increased I(Cl,swell) by approximately twofold. ET-2 had no effect if I(Cl,swell) activation was prevented by hypertonic superfusate. Outward ET-2-induced current was blocked by 150 microM DIDS more effectively than inward current. Overnight pretreatment with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (1.6 microM), pertussis toxin (100 ng/ml), or dialysis of the cell with 300 microM 2'-deoxyadenosine 3'-monophosphate, a P-site inhibitor of adenylyl cyclase, did not diminish the effect of ET-2. The effect of ET-2 was blocked by an ET(A1)- (BQ123), but not an ET(B)-selective (BQ788) antagonist. ET-2-induced currents were inhibited approximately 70% by PD 98059 (30 microM), a selective MAPK kinase (MEK) blocker. PD 98059 did not affect basal whole cell current or I(Cl,swell) before exposure to ET-2. The data suggest that MEK activity is not required for activation of atrial I(Cl,swell) but that ET-2 stimulates I(Cl,swell) by a MEK-dependent pathway.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA.
authors.forename: X Y
authors.initials: XY
authors.lastname: Du
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sorota
mesh_terms: D037361:Adenylate Cyclase Toxin; D000067956:Adenylyl Cyclase Inhibitors; D000262:Adenylyl Cyclases / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D018118:Chloride Channels / Q000378:metabolism*; D004285:Dogs; D015536:Down-Regulation; D019332:Endothelin-1 / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019333:Endothelin-2 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006321:Heart / Q000187:drug effects*; D006325:Heart Atria / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D020930:MAP Kinase Kinase Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism*; D037342:Pertussis Toxin; D011493:Protein Kinase C / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D044022:Receptor, Endothelin A; D017466:Receptors, Endothelin / Q000378:metabolism; D010566:Virulence Factors, Bordetella / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D037361:Adenylate Cyclase Toxin; D000067956:Adenylyl Cyclase Inhibitors; D018118:Chloride Channels; D019332:Endothelin-1; D019333:Endothelin-2; D044022:Receptor, Endothelin A; D017466:Receptors, Endothelin; D010566:Virulence Factors, Bordetella; D037342:Pertussis Toxin; D011493:Protein Kinase C; D020930:MAP Kinase Kinase Kinases; D000262:Adenylyl Cyclases; D002118:Calcium