title: Analysis of hepatic oxidative stress status by electron spin resonance spectroscopy and imaging.
abstract: Real-time detection of free radicals generated within the body may contribute to clarify the pathophysiological role of free radicals in disease processes. Of the techniques available for studying the generation of free radicals in biological systems, electron spin resonance (ESR) has emerged as a powerful tool for detection and identification. This article begins with a review of spin trapping detection of oxygen-centered radicals using X-band ESR spectroscopy and then describes the detection of superoxide and hydroxyl radicals by the spin trap 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-N-oxide and ESR spectroscopy in the perfusate from isolated perfused rat livers subjected to ischemia/reperfusion. This article also reviews the current status of ESR for the in vivo detection of free radicals and in vivo imaging of exogenously administered free radicals. Moreover, we show that in vivo ESR-computed tomography with 3-carbamoyl-2,2,5, 5-tetramethylpyrrolidine-1-oxyl may be useful for noninvasive anatomical imaging and also for imaging of hepatic oxidative stress in vivo.
authors.affiliation: The Second Department of Internal Medicine, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Iida-Nishi, Yamagata, Japan. htogashi@med.id.yamagata-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Togashi
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shinzawa
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Matsuo
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Takeda
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Aoyama
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Oikawa
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kamada
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003497:Cyclic N-Oxides / Q000737:chemistry; D004578:Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy; D005609:Free Radicals / Q000032:analysis; D007511:Ischemia / Q000378:metabolism; D008099:Liver / Q000098:blood supply / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D010587:Phagocytosis; D011759:Pyrrolidines / Q000737:chemistry; D051381:Rats; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D019097:Spin Trapping
chemical_list: D003497:Cyclic N-Oxides; D005609:Free Radicals; D011759:Pyrrolidines; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; C077426:3-carbamoyl-2,2,5,5-tetramethyl-1-pyrrolidinyl-N-oxyl