title: Circulating interleukin-1-beta levels after acute and prolonged exposure to low temperatures: human and rat studies.
abstract: In this study we have investigated whether IL-1 acts as a mediator of stress responses elicited by exposure to low temperatures. We also sought whether IL-1 is released from the adrenal gland under basal conditions or after exposure to low temperatures. Normal and adrenalectomized (ADX) rats were used for acute studies, whereas the effects of a prolonged exposure were investigated in a group of human subjects during a 45-day stay in Antarctica. Circulating levels of interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) were taken as a marker of systemic IL-1 production both in humans and rats. In the latter, serum corticosterone (Cort) was also estimated. In intact rats, exposure to low temperatures (-25 or -35 degrees C) for 30 or 90 min did not modify circulating IL-1beta levels with respect to controls taken at +20 degrees C. Adrenalectomy was associated with an increase in cytokine levels only in the group exposed to -35 degrees C for 90 min; such increase is statistically significant compared to all groups of normal rats, whatever the experimental condition, as well as to ADX rats exposed to +20 degrees C and -25 degrees C for 30 and 90 min. In normal rats, the increase in circulating Cort levels was already maximal after exposure to -25 degrees C for 30 min. In humans, circulating IL-1beta levels after 45 days in Antarctica were significantly lower than those measured on arrival in the same subjects. Thus, no change in circulating IL-1beta was associated with acute low-temperature stress in rats, whereas a marked decrease in serum cytokine was observed in humans after prolonged exposure to a cold environment. Experiments with ADX rats indicated that the contribution of the adrenal glands to total-body IL-1beta production is negligible or absent.
authors.affiliation: Istituti di Farmacologia, Facoltà di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università Cattolica del S. Cuore, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Tringali
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Farrace
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ragazzoni
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Dello Russo
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Piscitelli
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Preziosi
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Navarra
mesh_terms: D000315:Adrenalectomy; D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D000864:Antarctic Regions; D003080:Cold Temperature; D003348:Cortisone / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D007375:Interleukin-1; D003348:Cortisone