title: The induction of specific pig skin graft tolerance by grafting with neonatal pig thymus in thymectomized mice.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Xenogeneic donor-specific tolerance can be induced by transplanting fetal pig thymus and liver tissue (FP THY/LIV) to thymectomized (ATX), T/NK cell-depleted mice. By using neonatal pig tissue, we hoped to overcome two obstacles that arise with the use of fetal pig tissue: (1) the inability to keep fetal pigs alive after harvesting their thymic tissue, resulting in unavailability of their skin or other organs for grafting; and (2) the limited fetal thymic tissue yield, making application to large animals and humans more difficult.
  
  
  METHODS
  Neonatal pig thymus tissue (NP THY) was grafted into ATX, T/NK cell-depleted, 3Gy whole body-irradiated, originally immunocompetent B6 mice to evaluate the ability of NP THY to reconstitute mouse CD4+ T cells and to induce xenogeneic tolerance to donor pig skin grafts.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Repopulation of mouse CD4+ T cells in the peripheral tissues was observed in T/NK cell-depleted, ATX B6 mice that received NP THY with or without neonatal pig spleen (NP SPL), but not in those receiving NP SPL alone, indicating that pig thymus grafting was necessary and sufficient for mouse T cell recovery. Seven of nine NP THY/SPL-grafted ATX mice and two of six NP THY-grafted ATX mice that reconstituted >5% CD4+ cells in PBL accepted donor pig skin long-term without lymphocyte infiltration, whereas they rejected allogeneic BALB/c skin and third party pig skin grafts as rapidly as euthymic mice.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  NP THY can support the development of mouse CD4+ T cells that are functional and specifically tolerant to donor pig antigens in ATX, T/NK cell-depleted, 3 Gy whole body-irradiated, originally immunocompetent B6 mice. Additional grafting of NP SPL with NP THY improves the efficiency of tolerance induction in this model.
authors.affiliation: Transplantation Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston 02129, USA.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: J I
authors.initials: JI
authors.lastname: Rodriguez-Barbosa
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Swenson
authors.forename: R N
authors.initials: RN
authors.lastname: Barth
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shimizu
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Arn
authors.forename: D H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Sachs
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sykes
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D001773:Blood Cells / Q000473:pathology; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000473:pathology; D007108:Immune Tolerance; D008285:Major Histocompatibility Complex / Q000276:immunology; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D012867:Skin / Q000276:immunology; D016038:Skin Transplantation / Q000276:immunology*; D013552:Swine; D013950:Thymus Gland / Q000637:transplantation*; D013965:Thyroidectomy; D014183:Transplantation, Heterologous / Q000276:immunology*