title: A discordance of the cytochrome P450 2C19 genotype and phenotype in patients with advanced cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the relationship between cytochrome P450 2C19 (CYP2C19) genotype and expressed metabolic activity in 16 patients with advanced metastatic cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Individual CYP2C19 genotypes were determined by PCR-based amplification, followed by restriction fragment length analysis, and compared with observed CYP2C19 metabolic activity, as determined using the log hydroxylation index of omeprazole.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All 16 patients had an extensive metabolizer genotype. However, based on the antimode in a distribution of log omeprazole hydroxylation indices from healthy volunteers, four of the patients had a poor metabolizer phenotype and there was a general shift of the remaining 12 patients towards a slower metabolic phenotype. This suggests a reduction in metabolic activity for all patients relative to healthy volunteers. A careful analysis of patient medical records failed to reveal any drug interactions or other source for the observed discordance between genotype and phenotype.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There are no previous reports of a 'discordance' between genotype and expressed enzyme activity in cancer patients. Such a decrease in enzyme activity could have an impact on the efficacy and toxicity of chemotherapeutic agents and other drugs, used in standard oncology practice.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Georgetown University Medical Center, 3900 Reservoir Road, NW, Washington, D.C., 20007, USA.
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bhargava
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Cherrouk
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Marshall
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Flockhart
authors.forename: I W
authors.initials: IW
authors.lastname: Wainer
mesh_terms: D001189:Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases; D065731:Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C19; D051544:Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D006900:Hydroxylation; D008297:Male; D006899:Mixed Function Oxygenases / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000201:enzymology*; D009853:Omeprazole / Q000378:metabolism; D010641:Phenotype
chemical_list: D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System; D006899:Mixed Function Oxygenases; D001189:Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases; C045793:CYP2C19 protein, human; C104464:CYP3A protein, human; D065731:Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C19; D051544:Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A; D009853:Omeprazole