title: Intrapartum amnioinfusion for meconium-stained fluid: meta-analysis of prospective clinical trials.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effectiveness of intrapartum prophylactic amnioinfusion in pregnancies complicated by meconium-stained amniotic fluid.
  
  
  METHODS
  We identified prospective clinical trials of amnioinfusion in pregnancies complicated by meconium-stained amniotic fluid (AF) published in English by using computerized databases, references in published studies, and index reviews.
  
  
  METHODS
  We analyzed prospective studies of intrapartum amnioinfusion for meconium-stained AF. In every case, group allocation was based exclusively on meconium in AF. Only published studies with clearly documented outcome data were included. The trials were evaluated for meconium below the vocal cords, meconium aspiration syndrome, fetal acidemia, cesarean delivery, and postpartum endometritis. Each trial was evaluated for the quality of its methodology, inclusion and exclusion criteria, adequacy of randomization, amnioinfusion protocols, definition of outcomes, and statistical analyses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirteen studies met inclusion criteria for our systematic review. Odds ratios (ORs) with their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated for each outcome. Estimates of ORs and risk differences for dichotomous outcomes were calculated using random and fixed-effects models. We tested for homogeneity across the studies. We found that intrapartum amnioinfusion significantly reduced the frequency of meconium aspiration syndrome (OR 0.30; 95% CI 0.19, 0. 46), of meconium below the vocal cords, and neonatal acidemia. Subjects allocated to receive amnioinfusion also had a significantly lower overall cesarean rate (OR 0.74, 95% CI 0.59, 0.93) without increased postpartum endometritis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Amnioinfusion in cases of meconium-stained fluid significantly improves neonatal outcome, lowers the cesarean delivery rate, and does not increase the postpartum endometritis rate.
authors.affiliation: Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Florida Health Science Center, Jacksonville, Florida, USA.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pierce
authors.forename: F L
authors.initials: FL
authors.lastname: Gaudier
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sanchez-Ramos
mesh_terms: D000650:Amnion; D000653:Amniotic Fluid; D002585:Cesarean Section / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008470:Meconium; D008471:Meconium Aspiration Syndrome / Q000517:prevention & control*; D007744:Obstetric Labor Complications / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011446:Prospective Studies