title: Evaluation of a standard breast tangent technique: a dose-volume analysis of tangential irradiation using three-dimensional tools.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A thorough dose-volume analysis of a standard tangential radiation technique has not been published. We evaluated the adequacy of a tangential radiation technique in delivering dose to the breast and regional lymphatics, as well as dose delivered to underlying critical structures.
  
  
  METHODS
  Treatment plans of 25 consecutive women with breast cancer undergoing lumpectomy and adjuvant breast radiotherapy were studied. Patients underwent two-dimensional (2D) treatment planning followed by treatment with standard breast tangents. These 2D plans were reconstructed without modification on our three-dimensional treatment planning system and analyzed with regard to dose-volume parameters.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Adequate coverage of the breast (defined as 95% of the target receiving at least 95% of the prescribed dose) was achieved in 16 of 25 patients, with all patients having at least 85% of the breast volume treated to 95% of the prescribed dose. Only 1 patient (4%) had adequate coverage of the Level I axilla, and no patient had adequate coverage of the Level II axilla, Level III axilla, or the internal mammary lymph nodes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Three-dimensional treatment planning is superior in quantification of the dose received by the breast, regional lymphatics, and critical structures. The standard breast tangent technique delivers an adequate dose to the breast but does not therapeutically treat the regional lymph nodes in the majority of patients. If coverage of the axilla or internal mammary lymph nodes is desired, alternate beam arrangements or treatment fields will be necessary.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiotherapy, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL 60141, USA. krasin@prodigy.net
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Krasin
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: McCall
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: King
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Olson
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Emami
mesh_terms: D001940:Breast; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy* / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008168:Lung; D008198:Lymph Nodes; D015412:Mastectomy, Segmental; D011879:Radiotherapy Dosage; D011880:Radiotherapy Planning, Computer-Assisted; D018714:Radiotherapy, Adjuvant; D016683:Supine Position