title: Parathyroid hormone and bone metabolism in kidney-transplanted patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Decreases in bone mass and increased susceptibility to fractures are well-recognized complications in organ transplants.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed a cross-sectional study on 60 patients (40 males, 20 females, mean age 43.2 +/- 1.06, SE range 22 - 70) who underwent kidney transplantation (KTX) 55.6 +/- 4.5 months before. Blood and 24-hour urine samples were analyzed for the main parameters of mineral metabolism, and also for osteocalcin (BGP), bone alkaline phosphatase (b-ALP, urine N-telopeptid (u-NTx) and urine galactosyl-hydroxylysine (u-Ghyl). DEXA scan of the lumbar spine (LS) and proximal femur (PF) and ultrasound determination of the heel (stiffness) was also performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  T-score values for bone density (BD) were 2.14 +/- 0.11 SD's for LS, -2.56 +/- 0.09 for PF and 2.49 +/- 0.15 for stiffness. There were 29 peripheral fractures in 16 patients. The rate of fractures before KTX were 0.0011 per patient/year and 0.0005 after transplantation (p < 0.02). When expressed as number of SD's with respect to normal controls, BGP (1.48 +/- 0.23), b-ALP (0.95 +/- 0.19), u-NTx excretion correlated negatively with BD at the femoral neck (p < 0.02) and trochanter (p < 0.03). Cumulative steroids intake were negatively correlated with b-ALP positively (p < 0.05). Current CsA was positively correlated with b-ALP (p < 0.001). Both cumulative steroid (p < 0.02) and CSA (p < 0.01) intakes were negatively correlated with BD at Wards triangle.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data demonstrate an important bone depletion at each stage KTX. PTH plays a major role in the observed increase in bone turnover, exacerbating the negative effects on the bone on immunosuppressive treatment. Glucocorticosteroid therapy is an important risk factor for osteoporosis in this setting also.
authors.affiliation: Divisione di Nefrologia, Università di Padova, Italy.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: D'Angelo
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Calò
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Giannini
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Carraro
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bonfante
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Favaro
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zaninotto
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Perin
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Di Landro
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rigotti
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Antonello
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000378:metabolism; D015519:Bone Density; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000378:metabolism*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D050723:Fractures, Bone / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015675:Osteocalcin / Q000378:metabolism; D010281:Parathyroid Hormone / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D010281:Parathyroid Hormone; D015675:Osteocalcin; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase