title: Hysteroscopic evaluation of the endometrium in postmenopausal women taking tamoxifen.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate hysteroscopic endometrial changes due to tamoxifen therapy in postmenopausal women with breast cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective study (Canadian Task Force classification II-2).
  
  
  METHODS
  University-affiliated hospital. Patients. Eighty-eight postmenopausal women (or with iatrogenic amenorrhea) receiving tamoxifen 20 mg/day for at least 1 year for breast cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Record review of patients undergoing transvaginal sonography (TVS) and office hysteroscopy with eye-directed biopsy specimens obtained with a 5-mm, continuous-flow, operative hysteroscope.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients with thickened endometrium and pathologic findings at hysteroscopy had taken tamoxifen for significantly longer times than those without such findings (p < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings confirm the estrogenic effect of tamoxifen on endometrium. Endometrial evaluation by TVS suggests further diagnostic procedures, but only hysteroscopy allows the surgeon to visualize endometrial lesions and obtain eye-directed biopsy tissue.
authors.affiliation: II Clinica Ostetrica e Ginecologica Policlinico, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70125 Bari, Italy.
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Ceci
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bettocchi
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Marello
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Di Venere
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Pellegrino
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Laricchia
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vimercati
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy; D004717:Endometrium / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015907:Hysteroscopy; D008875:Middle Aged; D017698:Postmenopause; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013629:Tamoxifen / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014463:Ultrasonography
chemical_list: D013629:Tamoxifen