title: Characteristics of the human contra- versus ipsilateral SII cortex.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In order to study the interaction between left- and right-sided stimuli on the activation of cortical somatosensory areas, we recorded somatosensory evoked magnetic fields (SEFs) from 8 healthy subjects with a 122 channel whole-scalp SQUID gradiometer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Right and left median nerves were stimulated either alternately within the same run, with interstimulus intervals (ISIs) of 1.5 and 3 s, or separately in different runs with a 3 s ISI. In all conditions 4 cortical source areas were activated: the contralateral primary somatosensory cortex (SI), the contra- and ipsilateral secondary somatosensory cortices (SII) and the contralateral posterior parietal cortex (PPC).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The earliest activity starting at 20 ms was generated solely in the SI cortex, whereas longer-latency activity was detected from all 4 source areas. The mean peak latencies for SII responses were 86-96 ms for contralateral and 94-97 ms for ipsilateral stimuli. However, the activation of right and left SII areas started at 61+/-3 and 62+/-3 ms to contralateral stimuli and at 66+/-2 and 63+/-2 ms to ipsilateral stimuli, suggesting a simultaneous commencing of activation of the SII areas. PPC sources were activated between 70 and 110 ms in different subjects. The 1.5 s ISI alternating stimuli elicited smaller SII responses than the 3 s ISI non-alternating stimuli, suggesting that a considerable part of the neural population in SII responds both to contra- and ipsilateral stimuli. The earliest SI responses did not differ between the two conditions. There were no significant differences in source locations of SII responses to ipsi- and contralateral stimuli in either hemisphere. Subaverages of the responses in sets of 30 responses revealed that amplitudes of the SII responses gradually attenuated during repetitive stimulation, whereas the amplitudes of the SI responses were not changed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present results implicate that ipsi- and contralateral SII receive simultaneous input, and that a large part of SII neurons responds both to contra- and ipsilateral stimulation. The present data also highlight the different behavior of SI and SII cortices to repetitive stimuli.
authors.affiliation: Brain Research Unit, Low Temperature Laboratory, Helsinki University of Technology, P.O. Box 2200, FIN-02015 HUT, Espoo, Finland. wegner@landgraf.med.uni-jena.de
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wegner
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Forss
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Salenius
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001931:Brain Mapping; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D004574:Electromagnetic Fields; D005073:Evoked Potentials, Somatosensory / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D007839:Functional Laterality / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008475:Median Nerve / Q000502:physiology*; D011930:Reaction Time / Q000502:physiology; D012016:Reference Values; D012535:Scalp / Q000294:innervation; D013003:Somatosensory Cortex / Q000502:physiology*