title: Laparoscopic retroperitoneal lymph node dissection for clinical stage I nonseminomatous testicular carcinoma: long-term outcome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We report the long-term oncological efficacy and morbidity of laparoscopic retroperitoneal lymph node dissection for testicular carcinoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  From August 1992 to September 1999, 73 consecutive patients underwent laparoscopic retroperitoneal lymph node dissection with modified unilateral template dissection. All lumbar vessels within the template were routinely transected in the initial 29 cases only. Patients with positive lymph nodes received 2 cycles of chemotherapy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Operative time ranged from 150 to 630 minutes (mean 221) in our most recent 28 cases. All but 2 operations were completed as planned for a conversion rate of 2.7%. Minor intraoperative complications developed in only 6.8% of cases. In our last 44 patients there was no major and only 1 minor (2.3%) postoperative complication. Mean postoperative hospitalization was 3.3 days. Ejaculation was preserved in all patients. Lymph nodes were positive in 19 cases (26%). Mean followup in 47 patients with pathological stage I disease was 43.3 months (range 7 to 84). We noted 1 retroperitoneal recurrence due to false-negative histological findings but there were no other relapses. At a mean followup of 42.7 months (range 6 to 86) 17 patients with pathological stage II carcinoma treated with 2 cycles of adjuvant chemotherapy were also free of disease.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In our hands laparoscopic retroperitoneal lymph node dissection has not only proved its surgical efficiency, but also its oncological efficacy. Patient satisfaction is high. During long-term followup of more than 3 years not a single recurrence developed due to surgical failure.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Urology and Pathology, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Janetschek
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hobisch
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Peschel
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hittmair
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bartsch
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D018237:Germinoma / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D010535:Laparoscopy; D008197:Lymph Node Excision / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012187:Retroperitoneal Space; D013736:Testicular Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*; D016896:Treatment Outcome