title: Treatment of solitary small hepatocellular carcinoma: consideration of hepatic functional reserve and mode of recurrence.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) recurs frequently after initial treatment. The subsequent prognosis varies with the mode of recurrence. Some patients die of hepatic failure even though the HCC is controlled. We consider the clinical stage (CS), using the modified Child-Pugh classification, to be an important factor influencing the prognosis of these patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  To determine the most effective treatment for HCC, we examined 105 patients with solitary small HCC who were followed-up for more than 1 year after initial treatment. All of them were judged to be cured according to imaging or histological studies. The initial treatments were hepatic resection (n = 43), percutaneous ethanol injection therapy (PEIT, n = 33), and percutaneous microwave coagulation therapy (PMCT, n = 29). The modes of recurrence were divided into intrahepatic metastasis (IM) and multicentric occurrence (MO).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Prognosis of MO was superior to that of IM in CS I patients, but there was no difference in prognosis between these modes in CS II. The hepatic resection group had more MO recurrences in CS I patients and more IM recurrences in CS II patients. IM developed frequently after PEIT and PMCT, regardless of the CS. Prognosis with hepatic resection was superior to that of the other treatments in CS I patients, but there was no difference in prognosis among the 3 treatment modalities in CS II patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data indicate that hepatic resection is the first choice for treating HCC in CS I patients, and that PEIT or PMCT is preferable for CS II patients.
authors.affiliation: First Department of Internal Medicine, Nagoya City University Medical School, Japan.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Horigome
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nomura
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nakao
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Saso
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Akita
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sobue
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Mizuno
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nojiri
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hirose
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Masuko
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Murasaki
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Fujino
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Nakahara
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ichikawa
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Itoh
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D000431:Ethanol / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005260:Female; D006498:Hepatectomy / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D006979:Hyperthermia, Induced; D015552:Injections, Intralesional; D008111:Liver Function Tests; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D011379:Prognosis; D012086:Reoperation; D015996:Survival Rate; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000431:Ethanol