title: Increased levels of S-100 protein after cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass and general surgery in children.
abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate changes in concentrations of the neurospecific protein S-100 in relation to cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) and noncardiac general surgery in children below 3 years of age. Seventeen children underwent surgery for congenital heart disease and all survived without clinical signs of neurological complications. Samples for plasma concentrations of S-100 in these patients were taken on three occasions in connection with surgery: before the start of surgery, after CPB and finally 16-20 h after CPB. In the noncardiac group of 31 children, S-100 concentrations were measured on two occasions: before surgery and during surgery. In both groups, a significant increase in S-100 concentrations was observed during surgery, although the increase in the CPB group was significantly higher than in the noncardiac group. The CPB group included four children with Down's syndrome who had higher mean S-100 concentrations on all sampling occasions compared to the remaining patients. The peak S-100 concentrations after cardiac surgery were related to the duration of CPB, the time from the termination of CPB to the first post-CPB sample, as well as mean arterial pressure and cerebral arteriovenous lactate difference during rewarming. All the children studied (Down's patients excluded) had age-dependent plasma concentrations of S-100 measured before surgery. It can be concluded that CPB initiates a marked but transient release of S-100 into the systemic circulation during open heart surgery in children who are not developing clinical signs of neurological sequelae.
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatric Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Children's Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Thoracic Surgery, Children's Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Jensen
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sandström
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Andréasson
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nilsson
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Berggren
authors.forename: L E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Larsson
mesh_terms: D006348:Cardiac Surgical Procedures; D002315:Cardiopulmonary Bypass; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004314:Down Syndrome / Q000097:blood; D006330:Heart Defects, Congenital / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007432:Intraoperative Period; D009418:S100 Proteins / Q000097:blood*; D013514:Surgical Procedures, Operative; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D009418:S100 Proteins