title: Modulation of the ethanol-like discriminative stimulus effects of diazepam and phencyclidine by L-type voltage-gated calcium-channel ligands in rats.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Administration of voltage-gated calcium-channel (VGCC) modulators with ethanol can result in enhancement or attenuation of some behavioral effects of ethanol, including its discriminative stimulus effects.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The present study used a drug-discrimination paradigm to characterize modulation of the ethanol-like discriminative stimulus effects of a gamma-amino-butyric acid (GABA)A and N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) ligand by administration of VGCC ligands.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two groups of adult male Long-Evans rats were trained to discriminate either 1.0 g/kg ethanol (n=8) or 2.0 g/kg ethanol (n=9) from water under a fixed-ratio (FR) 20 schedule of food presentation. Following training, ethanol substitution tests were conducted with cumulative doses of the GABA(A)-positive modulator diazepam (0.3-10 mg/kg, i.p.) (DZP) and the uncompetitive NMDA antagonist phencyclidine (0.3-5.6 mg/kg, i.p.) (PCP). Next, a single dose of the VGCC antagonist nimodipine, nifedipine, isradipine, or the VGCC agonist (-)-BAY k 8644 (0.3 mg/kg, i.p.) was administered prior to a cumulative DZP or PCP dose-response determination.
  
  
  RESULTS
  None of the VGCC modulators produced robust or consistent alterations in the ethanol-like discriminative stimulus effects of DZP in animals trained with either 1.0 g/kg or 2.0 g/kg ethanol. However, the ethanol-like discriminative stimulus effects of PCP were significantly enhanced in the presence of the VGCC antagonists and attenuated in the presence of the agonist in animals trained with 2.0 g/kg ethanol.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Overall, these data show that VGCC modulation is not a robust component of ethanol-like discriminative stimulus effects of DZP in animals trained with 1.0 g/kg or 2.0 g/kg ethanol. However, the ethanol-like effects of PCP, particularly at higher training doses, appear to be modulated by dihydropyridine-sensitive VGCCs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Boston University, MA 02215-2407, USA.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Green-Jordan
authors.forename: K A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Grant
mesh_terms: D001498:3-Pyridinecarboxylic acid, 1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-5-nitro-4-(2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-, Methyl ester / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D002120:Calcium Channel Agonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers / Q000494:pharmacology; D015220:Calcium Channels / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D002492:Central Nervous System Depressants / Q000494:pharmacology; D003975:Diazepam / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004192:Discrimination, Psychological / Q000187:drug effects*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D000431:Ethanol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018690:Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D018691:Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D018757:GABA Modulators / Q000494:pharmacology; D017275:Isradipine / Q000494:pharmacology; D008024:Ligands; D008297:Male; D016202:N-Methylaspartate / Q000494:pharmacology; D009543:Nifedipine / Q000494:pharmacology; D009553:Nimodipine / Q000494:pharmacology; D010622:Phencyclidine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D020318:Rats, Long-Evans
chemical_list: D002120:Calcium Channel Agonists; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers; D015220:Calcium Channels; D002492:Central Nervous System Depressants; D018690:Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists; D018691:Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; D018757:GABA Modulators; D008024:Ligands; D000431:Ethanol; D009553:Nimodipine; D016202:N-Methylaspartate; D001498:3-Pyridinecarboxylic acid, 1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-5-nitro-4-(2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-, Methyl ester; D009543:Nifedipine; D010622:Phencyclidine; D003975:Diazepam; D017275:Isradipine