title: Female orthotopic bladder substitution: a good operation in the right circumstances.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We present the long-term results of orthotopic bladder substitution in women.
  
  
  METHODS
  We prospectively assessed 15 female patients undergoing orthotopic bladder substitution between October 1984 and April 1998. The indication for diversion was bladder carcinoma in 8 cases, gynecologic malignancy in 2 and benign disease in 5.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At a median followup of 19 months daytime and nighttime continence was 100% and 80%, respectively. All but 1 patient voided spontaneously. Two patients who were initially able to void successfully had voiding difficulties in the initial 10 months due to prominent mucosal tissue at the bladder neck. In each case this condition was successfully managed by endoscopic resection. There has been no local recurrence of bladder carcinoma.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  With strict selection criteria and vigilant followup female orthotopic bladder substitution produces excellent long-term functional results comparable to those in men. However, the limits in women who require radical cystectomy for invasive bladder cancer cannot be determined from our results. Further long-term data on the local recurrence rate of invasive urothelial malignancy are needed before the true risk may be quantified accurately.
authors.affiliation: University Department of Urology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, England.
authors.forename: R D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Mills
authors.forename: U E
authors.initials: UE
authors.lastname: Studer
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015653:Cystectomy; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013997:Time Factors; D001745:Urinary Bladder Diseases / Q000601:surgery*; D014547:Urinary Diversion / Q000379:methods*; D014563:Urodynamics