title: Thymosin beta-15 predicts for distant failure in patients with clinically localized prostate cancer-results from a pilot study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To report the results of a pilot study on the prognostic value of a newly identified actin-binding protein, thymosin beta-15 (Tbeta15), in predicting prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and bone failure in patients with Gleason 6/10 clinically localized prostate cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-two patients (median age 70 years) with clinically localized, moderately differentiated (Gleason 6/10) prostate cancer treated by external beam radiotherapy alone (68.4 Gy) with available paraffin blocks at the Massachusetts General Hospital were evaluated for this pilot study. All patients had clinical Stage M0 disease at initial presentation, which was documented by bone scan (T1c-4,NX). Their corresponding biopsy specimens were stained immunohistochemically for Tbeta15, which was then correlated with the clinical outcome in a blinded manner. The median follow-up was 6 years (range 1 to 19) for all of the patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The outcomes of the 32 patients can be grouped into three categories: patients with no evidence of disease (n = 11), patients with PSA failure without documented bone failure (n = 11), and patients with PSA failure and documented bone failure (n = 10). Tbeta15 staining intensity strongly correlated with clinical outcome. Of those patients whose specimens stained 3+ (strongest staining), 62% developed bone failure compared with 13% of those patients whose specimens stained 1+ (weakest staining) (P = 0.01). The 5-year freedom from PSA failure was only 25% for those patients with 3+ staining compared with 83% for those with 1+ staining (P = 0.02).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of this pilot study have demonstrated that Tbeta15 staining intensity may be a potentially important marker to identify high-risk patients with moderately differentiated, clinically localized prostate cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chakravatri
authors.forename: E M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Zehr
authors.forename: A L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Zietman
authors.forename: W U
authors.initials: WU
authors.lastname: Shipley
authors.forename: W B
authors.initials: WB
authors.lastname: Goggins
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Finkelstein
authors.forename: R H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Young
authors.forename: E L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: C L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Wu
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000737:chemistry / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000532:radiotherapy* / Q000556:secondary*; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001859:Bone Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000556:secondary*; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011379:Prognosis; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D013947:Thymosin / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: C525161:thymosin beta15, rat; D013947:Thymosin