title: Visualization and quantification of coronary calcifications with electron beam and spiral computed tomography.
abstract: This contribution reviews the pathology and morphology of coronary calcifications. It summarizes the indications for investigation of the coronary arteries. The standard protocols for scan acquisition using electron beam and conventional computed tomography are described as well as various methods for evaluation such as the traditional Agatston scoring method and the newer three-dimensional scoring algorithms. Guidelines for interpreting scores are also reviewed. Major limitations of the reproducibility of the calcium score measurement are summarized. Future aspects of multirow-detector spiral computed tomography with retrospective electrocardiographic triggering for quantifying coronary calcium are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Ludwig-Maximilian University Munich, Klinikum Grosshadern, Germany.
authors.forename: C R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Becker
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Knez
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ohnesorge
authors.forename: U J
authors.initials: UJ
authors.lastname: Schoepf
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Flohr
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bruening
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Haberl
authors.forename: M F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Reiser
mesh_terms: D002114:Calcinosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology; D005544:Forecasting; D006801:Humans; D015995:Prevalence; D011379:Prognosis; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods