title: Mitochondrial cytochrome c release and caspase-3-like protease activation during indomethacin-induced apoptosis in rat gastric mucosal cells.
abstract: Indomethacin (IND), a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, has been known to cause gastric mucosal injury as a side effect. Using a rat gastric mucosal cell line, RGM1, we determined whether apoptosis is involved in IND-mediated gastropathy, and whether caspase activation and mitochondrial cytochrome c release play an important role in producing apoptosis of IND-treated RGM1 cells in the presence of serum. IND caused caspase-3-like protease activation followed by apoptosis in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Caspase-1-like protease activity did not change during IND-induced apoptosis. IND also increased mitochondrial cytochrome c release in a time-dependent fashion. Mitochondrial cytochrome c efflux occurred just before or at the same time as caspase-3-like protease activation, and preceded the increase in apoptotic cell numbers. Z-VAD-FMK, a caspase inhibitor, inhibited both the increase in caspase-3-like protease activity and apoptosis in IND-treated RGM1 cells but did not affect caspase-1-like protease activity or mitochondrial cytochrome c release. These observations suggest that the apoptosis of gastric mucosal cells could be involved in IND-induced gastropathy, that cytochrome c is released from mitochondria into the cytosol during the early phase of IND-mediated apoptosis, and that subsequent activation of caspase-3-like protease, but not caspase-1-like protease, is required for the execution of apoptosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Second Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago 683-8503, Japan.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fujii
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Matsura
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kai
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Matsui
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kawasaki
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yamada
mesh_terms: D000590:Amino Acid Chloromethyl Ketones / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D053148:Caspase 3; D020169:Caspases / Q000378:metabolism*; D002460:Cell Line; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D015853:Cysteine Proteinase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D003574:Cytochrome c Group / Q000378:metabolism*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D005753:Gastric Mucosa / Q000166:cytology; D007213:Indomethacin / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D009578:Nitrobenzenes / Q000494:pharmacology; D010447:Peptide Hydrolases / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D013449:Sulfonamides / Q000494:pharmacology; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000590:Amino Acid Chloromethyl Ketones; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors; D015853:Cysteine Proteinase Inhibitors; D003574:Cytochrome c Group; D009578:Nitrobenzenes; D013449:Sulfonamides; C096713:benzyloxycarbonylvalyl-alanyl-aspartyl fluoromethyl ketone; C080955:N-(2-cyclohexyloxy-4-nitrophenyl)methanesulfonamide; D010447:Peptide Hydrolases; C505410:Casp3 protein, rat; D053148:Caspase 3; D020169:Caspases; C108711:DEVDase; D007213:Indomethacin