title: Improved contractility of obstructed bladders after Tadenan treatment is associated with reversal of altered myosin isoform expression.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Tadenan is a plant extract from Pygeum africanum used in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia, to protect the bladder from contractile dysfunction induced by partial bladder outlet obstruction (BOO). The aim of the present study was to determine whether the Tadenan-induced return of detrusor contractility affects the expression of myosin isoforms, which differ at the C-terminal (SM1 and SM2) and the N-terminal regions (SM-A and SM-B).
  
  
  METHODS
  Four groups of New Zealand White rabbits (3 to 5 kg., 4 to 6 rabbits per group) were either partially obstructed by ligation of the urethra (groups 1 and 2) or not obstructed (groups 3 and 4). After 2 weeks, rabbits from groups 2 and 4 received Tadenan in peanut oil (vehicle) orally at 100 mg. /kg./day for 3 weeks and rabbits in groups 1 and 3 received vehicle only. Rabbits were sacrificed and bladders were removed and weighed. Contractility studies were performed on isolated strips of detrusor and the remaining muscular layer from the bladder body was used to study the expression of myosin heavy chain (MHC) isoforms at mRNA (SM1, SM2, SM-A, and SM-B) and the protein (SM1 and SM2) levels by RT-PCR and SDS-PAGE analyses, respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Tadenan significantly reduced the effect of BOO on bladder mass. The diminished contractile response to field stimulation and carbachol secondary to urethral obstruction was significantly reversed by Tadenan treatment. The relative ratios for MHC isoforms were altered at the mRNA (SM2:SM1 and SM-A:SM-B) and protein (SM2:SM1) levels in obstruction. Upon treatment with Tadenan, the ratio of these isoforms returned to normal, as shown at the mRNA levels. In addition, the altered relative ratio of SM2:SM1 at the protein level also returned to nearly normal values after treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Improvement of obstruction-induced contractile dysfunction of the detrusor following treatment with Tadenan is associated with changes in the expression of myosin isoforms. The alteration in the expression of myosin isoforms associated with obstruction-induced hypertrophy is reversed close to normal in the detrusor smooth muscle from Tadenan-treated obstructed rabbits.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathobiology and Division of Urology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Gomes
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Disanto
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Horan
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Levin
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Wein
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chacko
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005233:Fatty Alcohols / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000187:drug effects*; D009130:Muscle, Smooth / Q000187:drug effects*; D009218:Myosins / Q000502:physiology*; D010936:Plant Extracts; D020033:Protein Isoforms; D011817:Rabbits; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D001748:Urinary Bladder Neck Obstruction / Q000503:physiopathology*
chemical_list: D005233:Fatty Alcohols; D010936:Plant Extracts; D020033:Protein Isoforms; C009375:Tadenan; D009218:Myosins