title: Dishevelled controls cell polarity during Xenopus gastrulation.
abstract: Although cell movements are vital for establishing the normal architecture of embryos, it is unclear how these movements are regulated during development in vertebrates. Inhibition of Xenopus Dishevelled (Xdsh) function disrupts convergent extension movements of cells during gastrulation, but the mechanism of this effect is unclear, as cell fates are not affected. In Drosophila, Dishevelled controls both cell fate and cell polarity, but whether Dishevelled is involved in controlling cell polarity in vertebrate embryos has not been investigated. Here we show, using time-lapse confocal microscopy, that the failure of cells lacking Xdsh function to undergo convergent extension results from defects in cell polarity. Furthermore, Xdsh mutations that inhibit convergent extension correspond to mutations in Drosophila Dishevelled that selectively perturb planar cell polarity. Finally, the localization of Xdsh at the membrane of normal dorsal mesodermal cells is consistent with Xdsh controlling cell polarity. Our results show that polarized cell behaviour is essential for convergent extension and is controlled by vertebrate Dishevelled. Thus, a vertebrate equivalent of the Drosophila planar cell polarity signalling cascade may be required for normal gastrulation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley 94720-3204, USA.
authors.forename: J B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Wallingford
authors.forename: B A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Rowning
authors.forename: K M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Vogeli
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Rothbächer
authors.forename: S E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Fraser
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Harland
mesh_terms: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D000818:Animals; D016764:Cell Polarity / Q000502:physiology*; D000072261:Dishevelled Proteins; D029721:Drosophila Proteins; D005775:Gastrula / Q000502:physiology*; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins; D008164:Luminescent Proteins; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D009154:Mutation; D015388:Organelles / Q000502:physiology; D010750:Phosphoproteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D015398:Signal Transduction; D014981:Xenopus; D029867:Xenopus Proteins
chemical_list: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; C000606586:DVL1 protein, Xenopus; D000072261:Dishevelled Proteins; D029721:Drosophila Proteins; D008164:Luminescent Proteins; D010750:Phosphoproteins; D029867:Xenopus Proteins; C000606588:dsh protein, Drosophila; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins