title: Persistence, degradation and leaching of coumaphos in soil.
abstract: Dissipation, degradation and leaching of fresh 14C coumaphos, alkylated 14C coumaphos and aged residues of 14C coumaphos from vats were studied in alkaline sandy loam soil in soil columns in the field under subtropical conditions in Delhi for a year. Dissipation, degradation and bound residue formation was more in case of alkali treated coumaphos than fresh coumaphos. After 365 days total residues of fresh coumaphos accounted for 33.25% while that of alkali treated coumaphos was 19.12%. Bound residue formation was almost double in case of alkali treated coumaphos (18.95%) than fresh coumaphos (9.53%) after 150 days followed by release of bound residue in both the cases. The proportion of metabolites 4-methylumbelliferone, chlorferon and potasan collectively was 86.05% in fresh coumaphos extractable residues while the same was 91.74% in alkali treated coumaphos after 365 days. Aged residues from vats containing copper sulphate and buffer were found to be more persistent in soil as total residues remained were 95.58% in comparison with 83.09% total residues of aged residues from vats containing only buffer after 150 days of treatment. Copper sulphate seems to inhibit the degradatiion of coumaphos in soil by microorganisms. Chlorferon was the major metabolite in generally all the samples. Coumaphos did not leach below 10 cm in all the cases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, India.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Jindal
authors.forename: D K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.forename: H C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Agarwal
mesh_terms: D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D002250:Carbon Radioisotopes / Q000378:metabolism; D003372:Coumaphos / Q000378:metabolism / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D007306:Insecticides / Q000378:metabolism / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D010573:Pesticide Residues / Q000032:analysis; D012988:Soil Microbiology; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*
chemical_list: D002250:Carbon Radioisotopes; D007306:Insecticides; D010573:Pesticide Residues; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D003372:Coumaphos