title: Genetic characterization of Trypanosoma cruzi directly from tissues of patients with chronic Chagas disease: differential distribution of genetic types into diverse organs.
abstract: We have previously shown that a low-stringency single-specific primer-polymerase chain reaction (LSSP- PCR) is a highly sensitive and reproducible technique for the genetic profiling of Trypanosoma cruzi parasites directly in tissues from infected animals and humans. By applying LSSP-PCR to the study of the variable region of kinetoplast minicircle from T. cruzi, the intraspecific polymorphism of the kinetoplast-deoxyribonucleic acid (kDNA) sequence can be translated into individual kDNA signatures. In the present article, we report on our success using the LSSP-PCR technique in profiling the T. cruzi parasites present in the hearts of 13 patients with chagasic cardiopathy and in the esophagi of four patients (three of them with chagasic megaesophagus). In two patients, one with the cardiodigestive clinical form of Chagas disease and the other with cardiopathy and an esophageal inflammatory process, we could study both heart and esophagus and we detected distinct kDNA signatures in the two organs. This provides evidence of a differential tissue distribution of genetically diverse T. cruzi populations in chronic Chagas disease, suggesting that the genetic variability of the parasite is one of the determining factors of the clinical form of the disease.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Belo Horizonte, UFMG, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Vago
authors.forename: L O
authors.initials: LO
authors.lastname: Andrade
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Leite
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: d'Avila Reis
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Macedo
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Adad
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tostes
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Moreira
authors.forename: G B
authors.initials: GB
authors.lastname: Filho
authors.forename: S D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Pena
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000818:Animals; D014355:Chagas Disease / Q000469:parasitology*; D002908:Chronic Disease; D016054:DNA, Protozoan / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D004947:Esophagus / Q000469:parasitology; D005260:Female; D014644:Genetic Variation; D006321:Heart / Q000469:parasitology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D014018:Tissue Distribution; D014349:Trypanosoma cruzi / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D016054:DNA, Protozoan