title: Energy balance, viral burden, insulin-like growth factor-1, interleukin-6 and growth impairment in children infected with human immunodeficiency virus.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the relationship between energy metabolism and growth abnormalities in HIV-infected children and to assess clinical or laboratory characteristics which may be contributing factors to their growth impairment.
  
  
  METHODS
  A comparative study.
  
  
  METHODS
  We measured energy intake by inpatient calorie count/outpatient 24 h food recalls, resting energy expenditure by indirect calorimetry, total energy expenditure by the doubly-labeled water technique, iron metabolism, protein metabolism, and lipid metabolism markers as well as CD4 count, viral load, insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), serum interleukin-6 (IL-6), and whole blood stimulated IL-6 levels in prepubertal congenitally HIV-infected children with normal and impaired growth patterns.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Differences in energy expenditures were not found between normal and growth-impaired HIV-infected children. Energy intake but not energy expenditure was significantly reduced when HIV-infected children were compared to expected normal values for age and gender. Advanced HIV clinical disease, severe immune suppression, increased viral burden, increased IL-6 activity, decreased total serum protein, and decreased IGF-1 levels were more likely to be found in HIV-infected children with growth impairment in comparison with HIV-infected children with normal growth.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, The New York Presbytarian Hospital, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York 10021, USA. rsj2001@mail.med.cornell.edu
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Johann-Liang
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: O'Neill
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cervia
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Haller
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Giunta
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Licholai
authors.forename: G J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Noel
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002149:Energy Intake; D004734:Energy Metabolism; D005260:Female; D006130:Growth Disorders / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism*; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000151:congenital / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000821:virology; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / Q000378:metabolism*; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D019562:Viral Load
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D015850:Interleukin-6; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I