How patients with diabetes perceive their risk for major complications.
BACKGROUND
To educate patients with diabetes about their illness and to motivate these patients to pursue intensive treatment, physicians often inform them about their risk for serious complications. However, little is known about patient perceptions of these risks.


OBJECTIVE
To compare patient perceptions of risk for major complications of diabetes with actual risk for these complications.


METHODS
Structured interviews were done to obtain the patient's estimate of their risk for complications. To generate estimates of actual risk for each patient, we used a simulation model based on the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT).


METHODS
Four university-affiliated diabetes clinics in the midwestern United States.


METHODS
139 patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus.


METHODS
Probability of blindness, end-stage renal disease (ESRD), and lower-leg amputation over 20 years.


RESULTS
Participants were young (mean age, 30 years) and reported having had diabetes for an average of 15 years. Seventy-nine percent reported their current diabetic therapy to be "intensive." Ninety-eight percent had completed high school, and 51% were college graduates. The patients' estimates of their risks far exceeded the DCCT estimates for all three complications. The mean patient estimate of the risk for blindness was 31.6% (DCCT estimate, 17.0%), of the risk for ESRD was 33.7% (DCCT estimate, 8.7%), and of the risk for amputation was 25.1% (DCCT estimate, 1.9%). Similarly, patients overestimated the benefit of intensive therapy. They estimated, on average, that intensive therapy would result in a 17.0% absolute risk reduction for blindness (DCCT estimate, 12.2%), an 18.1% risk reduction for ESRD (DCCT estimate, 7.0%), and a 14.2% risk reduction for amputation (DCCT estimate, 1.2%).


CONCLUSIONS
Patients with diabetes overestimated their risk for major complications and the benefits of intensive treatment.
Meltzer
D
D
University of Chicago, Ill., USA. dmeltzer@medicine.bsd.uchicago.edu
Egleston
B
B
D000328:Adult; D000671:Amputation, Surgical; D001766:Blindness / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000150:complications / Q000523:psychology* / Q000628:therapy; D005260:Female; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D007866:Leg; D008297:Male; D015146:Midwestern United States; D010358:Patient Participation; D012306:Risk