title: Naltrexone does not block the subjective effects of oral Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol in humans.
abstract: Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and opioids have many common effects. In addition, some THC effects in laboratory animals can be blocked or attenuated by opioid antagonists. This suggests that opioid systems mediate or modulate some THC effects. To determine whether opioid systems mediate THC effects in humans, the effects of the opioid antagonist naltrexone on subjective responses to THC were examined in 14 marijuana users. Subjects participated in a double-blinded, cross-over design in which each subject received all combinations of naltrexone (0 or 50 mg) and THC (0, 7.5, or 15 mg). THC increased heart rate and self-reported drug effects, such as euphoria and marijuana-like effects, and decreased psychomotor performance. Naltrexone increased heart rate and decreased self-reported measures of vigor and hunger but did not alter any of the effects of THC. These results suggest that the subjective, physiological, and behavioral effects of THC in humans are not mediated through opioid systems.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, The University of Chicago, MC 3077, 5841 S. Maryland Ave, Chicago, IL 60637, USA. swachtel@yoda.bsd.uchicago.edu
authors.forename: S R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Wachtel
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: de Wit
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000339:Affect / Q000187:drug effects*; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D016739:Behavior, Addictive / Q000523:psychology; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D013759:Dronabinol / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008385:Marijuana Smoking / Q000523:psychology; D009271:Naltrexone / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009292:Narcotic Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000187:drug effects*; D011619:Psychotropic Drugs / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D009292:Narcotic Antagonists; D011619:Psychotropic Drugs; D009271:Naltrexone; D013759:Dronabinol