title: Posttherapeutic intraaxial brain tumor: the value of perfusion-sensitive contrast-enhanced MR imaging for differentiating tumor recurrence from nonneoplastic contrast-enhancing tissue.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Differentiation of tumor recurrence from treatment-related changes may be difficult with conventional MR imaging when newly enhancing lesions appear. Our aim was to determine the value of perfusion-sensitive contrast-enhanced MR imaging for differentiating recurrent neoplasm from nonneoplastic contrast-enhancing tissue.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty patients in whom new enhancing lesions developed within irradiated regions were examined prospectively with perfusion-sensitive contrast-enhanced MR imaging. Twelve of them also underwent thallous chloride Tl 201 single-photon emission tomography (201Tl-SPECT). Normalized relative cerebral blood volume (rCBV) ratios and thallium indexes were evaluated to determine whether the new enhancing lesions were recurrent or not. Five instances of tumor recurrence and one of radiation necrosis were verified histologically; in the others, tumor recurrence was distinguished by lesions that progressively increased in size on serial MR examinations over at least 5 months, and nonneoplastic contrast-enhancing tissue was distinguished by lesions that disappeared or decreased in size on serial MR studies over at least 9 months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  When normalized rCBV ratios were higher than 2.6 or lower than 0.6, enhancing lesions were either recurrent (n = 5) or nonneoplastic contrast-enhancing tissue (n = 3), respectively. All nonneoplastic contrast-enhancing tissue had a low thallium index, whereas three of four recurrent lesions had a high index.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  An enhancing lesion with a normalized rCBV ratio higher than 2.6 or lower than 0.6 may suggest tumor recurrence or nonneoplastic contrast-enhancing tissue, respectively. In these cases, further examination with 201Tl-SPECT may not be necessary. However, when the normalized rCBV ratio is between 0.6 and 2.6, 201Tl-SPECT may be useful in making the differentiation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Kumamoto University School of Medicine, Japan.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sugahara
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Korogi
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tomiguchi
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shigematsu
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Ikushima
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kira
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ushio
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Takahashi
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000368:Aged; D001810:Blood Volume / Q000528:radiation effects; D001812:Blood-Brain Barrier / Q000528:radiation effects*; D001921:Brain / Q000528:radiation effects; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000532:radiotherapy; D002675:Child, Preschool; D016371:Cranial Irradiation; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008833:Microcirculation / Q000528:radiation effects; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000532:radiotherapy; D011832:Radiation Injuries / Q000175:diagnosis; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D015899:Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon