Biochemical model reactions indicative of inflammatory processes. Activities of extracts from Fraxinus excelsior and Populus tremula.
All processes of oxygen activation include very reactive intermediates. Therefore, aerobic cells must cope with--and to some extent also adapt to--oxidative stress provoked for example by infections or intoxications, where these reactive intermediates accumulate. All inflammatory processes include such oxygen activating processes where reactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced. Dependent on the strength of these impact(s), several symptoms indicate the deviation from normal, steady-state metabolism. Intrinsic radical scavenging processes or compounds administered with food thus have to warrant metabolic control within certain limits. Antioxidants which in many cases are free radical scavengers or quenchers of activated states comprise a vast number of classes of organic molecules including phenolics as the most prominent ones. In this publication the activities of extracts from Fraxinus excelsior, Populus tremula and Solidago virgaurea as components of the drug Phytodolor and their mechanisms of protection from oxidative damage are summarized. In addition, new results on tyrosine nitration, a process characteristic for sites of inflammation, and its inhibition by these plant extracts, is reported.
Schempp
H
H
Lehrstuhl für Phytopathologie, Labor für Angewandte Biochemie, Technische Universität München, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany.
Weiser
D
D
Elstner
E F
EF
D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D004798:Enzymes / Q000378:metabolism; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D007202:Indicators and Reagents; D007249:Inflammation / Q000473:pathology*; D015212:Inflammatory Bowel Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL / Q000378:metabolism; D008084:Lipoxygenase / Q000378:metabolism; D008954:Models, Biological; D009422:Nervous System Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D009195:Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010946:Plants, Medicinal / Q000737:chemistry*; D016897:Respiratory Burst / Q000187:drug effects; D012140:Respiratory Tract Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology; D014443:Tyrosine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000378:metabolism; D014969:Xanthine Oxidase / Q000378:metabolism
D000975:Antioxidants; D004798:Enzymes; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D007202:Indicators and Reagents; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL; D010936:Plant Extracts; C002744:3-nitrotyrosine; D014443:Tyrosine; D009195:Peroxidase; D008084:Lipoxygenase; D014969:Xanthine Oxidase