title: Human cytomegalovirus mediates cell cycle progression through G(1) into early S phase in terminally differentiated cells.
abstract: Terminal differentiation of embryonal carcinoma cells and monocytes has been shown to be important for their permissiveness for human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection, even though such terminally differentiated cells have withdrawn from the cell cycle and are, essentially, in G(0) arrest. Recently, data from a number of laboratories have shown that productive infection with HCMV of quiescent fibroblasts held reversibly in G(0) of the cell cycle can result in cell cycle progression, which results eventually in cycle arrest. In contrast to quiescent fibroblasts, the effect of HCMV on cells that have withdrawn irreversibly from the cell cycle due to terminal differentiation has not, so far, been addressed. Here, it is shown that, in cells that have arrested in G(0) as a result of terminal differentiation, HCMV is able to induce cell functions associated with progression of the cell cycle through G(1) into early S phase. This progression is correlated with a direct physical and functional interaction between the HCMV 86 kDa major immediate-early protein (IE86) and the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21(Cip1).
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Level 5, Addenbrookes Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 2QQ, UK. js@mole.bio.cam.ac.uk
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sinclair
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Baillie
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bryant
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Caswell
mesh_terms: D042846:CDC2-CDC28 Kinases; D002453:Cell Cycle; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D051357:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 2; D051358:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 4; D050759:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21; D018844:Cyclin-Dependent Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D016213:Cyclins / Q000378:metabolism; D003587:Cytomegalovirus / Q000502:physiology*; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm / Q000096:biosynthesis; D016193:G1 Phase; D006801:Humans; D017874:Immediate-Early Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D010766:Phosphorylation; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D016160:Retinoblastoma Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D016196:S Phase; D015534:Trans-Activators; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D014759:Viral Envelope Proteins; D014764:Viral Proteins
chemical_list: C493956:CDKN1A protein, human; D050759:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21; D016213:Cyclins; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm; C069186:IE2 protein, Cytomegalovirus; D017874:Immediate-Early Proteins; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D016160:Retinoblastoma Protein; D015534:Trans-Activators; C077406:UL115 protein, Human herpesvirus 5; D014759:Viral Envelope Proteins; D014764:Viral Proteins; C071440:glycoprotein H, Cytomegalovirus; C499358:glycoprotein H, Human cytomegalovirus; C439068:glycoprotein O, cytomegalovirus; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D042846:CDC2-CDC28 Kinases; C495894:CDK2 protein, human; C495900:CDK4 protein, human; D051357:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 2; D051358:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 4; D018844:Cyclin-Dependent Kinases