title: Daily intake of manganese by the adult population of Mumbai.
abstract: The daily intake of manganese (Mn) estimated through air, water and duplicate dietary analysis is found to range from 0.67 to 4.99 mg with a mean value of 2.21 mg. Ingestion through food contributed to the predominant fraction of the intake. The turnover rate of Mn through blood is approximately 2 h, based on the mean concentration of Mn in blood of 1.54 microg l(-1). The average concentrations of Mn in water and air were approximately 1.42 microg l(-1) and 37 ng m(-3), respectively. The daily intake of Mn by the adult population of Mumbai is closer to the lower bound of the recommended limit of 2-5 mg. Electro Thermal Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (ET-AAS), has been used for the determination of Mn in a variety of environmental and human biological fluids. The detection limit of Mn for a volume injection of 20 microl is 2 pg absolute. The precision of the method is established by analyzing a synthetic mixture containing various elements in different quantities (0.5-10 ppm) and is found to be within +/- 8%. The reliability of estimation is further assessed through the analysis of Standard Reference Materials (SRMs) of soil, hay, milk powder and fish tissue obtained from IAEA.
authors.affiliation: Environmental Assessment Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, India. rmtripa@apsara.barc.ernet.in
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Tripathi
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mahapatra
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Raghunath
authors.forename: V N
authors.initials: VN
authors.lastname: Sastry
authors.forename: T M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Krishnamoorthy
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004781:Environmental Exposure; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D005506:Food Contamination; D006801:Humans; D007194:India; D008297:Male; D008345:Manganese / Q000032:analysis*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D014881:Water Supply
chemical_list: D008345:Manganese