title: A simplified technique for non-surgical catheterization of the vena cava cranialis in pigs and an evaluation of the method.
abstract: Restraint and venepuncture affect blood parameters and are stressful for pigs. Therefore, when experiments require frequent blood sampling, catheterization is the best option, both ethically and scientifically. A simplified non-surgical method for catheterization of the vena cava cranialis in sows is described. The vena cava is catheterized via the vena jugularis externa, which is punctured while the sow is restrained by nose snaring. The procedure can be carried out by two experimenters in 5 min, it requires little equipment and can be performed under farm or very simple experimental conditions. Results from 89 catheterizations are reported. Seventy-three of the catheters remained functional for 5 days or more. There was a tendency for a higher success rate in dry sows than in highly pregnant sows. The only behavioural effect observed after catheterization was a short-lasting increase in motivation for wallowing in some sows. No illness that could be attributed to the catheterization occurred.
authors.affiliation: The Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University, Division of Ethology and Health, Frederiksberg, Denmark.
authors.forename: B I
authors.initials: BI
authors.lastname: Damm
authors.forename: L J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Pedersen
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ladewig
authors.forename: K H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Jensen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001800:Blood Specimen Collection / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary; D002404:Catheterization / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary*; D005260:Female; D011247:Pregnancy; D013552:Swine; D014684:Venae Cavae