title: Evaluation of a single plate microbiological growth inhibition assay as a screening test for the presence of antimicrobial agents in compound animal feedingstuffs at therapeutic and contaminating concentrations.
abstract: The Inhibitory Substance Test (IST), a microbiological growth inhibition test, is used for screening animal feedingstuffs for the presence of (contaminating) antimicrobial compounds. The effectiveness of the IST was established for 33 compounds that may be incorporated in feedingstuffs. Minimum detectable concentrations (MDCs) for standard solutions were established and compared with those obtained following solvent extraction of an antimicrobial-free compound feedingstuff spiked with each compound at 0-20 mg/kg. Of the 33 standard solutions examined, the test organism was not sensitive to 11 and the MDC for one was greater than its maximum inclusion rate in complete feedingstuffs. Following routine extraction (25% acetone-phosphate buffer) of feedingstuffs spiked with each of the 22 compounds to which the organism was sensitive, 10 were not detected, 15 were detectable at both minimum and maximum feed-inclusion rates and four were only detectable at their maximum feed-inclusion rates. Extraction with methanol (25%) had a deleterious effect with 12 compounds not detected, nine detectable at both minimum and maximum feed-inclusion rates and five detectable at their maximum feed-inclusion rates. Increasing acetone and methanol concentrations to 40 and 55% respectively resulted in larger inhibitory zones for antibiotic-free feedingstuff (25.3 + 2.43 mm vs 21.1 + 1.02 mm) compared with both 25% acetone (11.3 + 0.22 mm) and 25% methanol (11.2 + 0.22 mm), requiring the establishment of greater threshold zone diameters and negating any advantage in increasing the solvent concentration under these test conditions. It is concluded that the IST may be particularly useful for detection of a number of the zootechnical feed-additives recently banned in the EU, which, if used illegally, may be present at sufficiently high inclusion rates to facilitate detection. Further alteration of extraction conditions may improve the scope of the assay.
authors.affiliation: Residues Department, Department of Agriculture for Northern Ireland, Stormont, Belfast, UK. Cowan.Higgins@dani.gov.uk
authors.forename: H C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Higgins
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: McEvoy
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lynas
authors.forename: N P
authors.initials: NP
authors.lastname: Fagan
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed / Q000032:analysis*; D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000032:analysis*; D002021:Buffers; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D001411:Geobacillus stearothermophilus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006801:Humans; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests / Q000379:methods*; D012997:Solvents
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D002021:Buffers; D012997:Solvents