title: A picture archival and communication system shortens delays in obtaining radiographic information in a medical intensive care unit.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess whether variables such as unit occupancy and aggregate severity of illness that reflect increased work demands on physicians in medical intensive care units (MICU) are associated with increased delays in their obtaining information about nonroutine chest radiographic examinations. To determine whether the presence of a picture archiving and communication system (PACS) workstation in the MICU shortens those delays.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective cohort study stratified for presence or absence of PACS.
  
  
  METHODS
  MICU of a university hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 118 patients admitted to the MICU who had nonroutine bedside chest radiographs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Multivariate analyses were conducted to determine how unit occupancy, patient acuity, the time of day the examination was taken, and the presence of a PACS workstation influenced the time from radiographic examination completion to the time when MICU physicians first obtained image information. In a multivariate analysis, patient acuity, unit occupancy, the aggregate level of severity of illness in the study cohort, whether the examination was taken at night or day, and the presence of a PACS workstation were significant predictors of the elapsed time from examination completion until review by MICU physicians. Without the PACS workstation, higher occupancy, higher aggregate severity of illness, and examinations taken during the day were associated with longer delays. Overall, the multivariate analysis showed a 24-min decrease in the elapsed time to obtain information during periods with the PACS workstation compared with periods without the workstation (p = .03).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A PACS workstation significantly decreased the delays in obtaining image information that occurred with high unit occupancy and high aggregate severity of illness and may improve unit efficiency under conditions of high physician workload.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania Medical Center, Philadelphia 19104, USA. redfern@mig.upenn.edu
authors.forename: R O
authors.initials: RO
authors.lastname: Redfern
authors.forename: H L
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Kundel
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Polansky
authors.forename: C P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Langlotz
authors.forename: S C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Horii
authors.forename: P N
authors.initials: PN
authors.lastname: Lanken
mesh_terms: D018806:APACHE; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003422:Critical Care / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016018:Least-Squares Analysis; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013902:Radiography, Thoracic / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011873:Radiology Information Systems / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D013647:Task Performance and Analysis; D013997:Time Factors