title: Effects of creatine supplementation on muscle weakness in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) frequently suffer from muscle weakness. Oral administration of creatine has been shown to improve muscle strength in healthy subjects. The objective of this study was to examine the effect of oral creatine supplementation on muscle weakness, disease activity and activities of daily living in patients with RA.
  
  
  METHODS
  During a period of 3 weeks, 12 patients with RA were treated with creatine monohydrate (20 g/day for 5 days followed by 2 g/day for 16 days). They were examined on entry and at the end of the study. The patients were investigated clinically, blood and urine samples were obtained, muscle biopsies were performed before and after treatment, muscle strength was determined, and self-administered patient questionnaires were completed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  From all patients we were able to obtain full clinical and questionnaire data, while biopsies were taken from 12 patients at the start and from nine patients at the end of the study. Muscle strength, as determined by the muscle strength index, increased in eight of 12 patients. In contrast, physical functional ability and disease activity did not change significantly. The creatine concentration in serum and skeletal muscle increased significantly, while creatine phosphate and total creatine did not increase in skeletal muscle. The skeletal muscle creatine content was associated with muscle strength at baseline but not after administration of creatine. The changes in muscle strength were not associated with the changes in skeletal muscle creatine or creatine phosphate.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although the skeletal muscle creatine content and muscle strength increased with creatine administration in some patients with RA, a clear clinical benefit could not be demonstrated for this treatment when the patients were considered as one group.
authors.affiliation: Department of Rheumatology and Physical Medicine, University Hospital of Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Willer
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Stucki
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hoppeler
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Brühlmann
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Krähenbühl
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D003401:Creatine / Q000378:metabolism / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D005260:Female; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000502:physiology; D018908:Muscle Weakness / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000187:drug effects / Q000503:physiopathology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D003401:Creatine