title: Total cavopulmonary connection in children with body weight less than 10 kg.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the results after total cavopulmonary connection (TCPC) in small children, our clinical experience was retrospectively reviewed.
  
  
  METHODS
  Of 164 patients undergoing TCPC, the body weight at operation was less than 10 kg (8.8+/-1.1 kg) in 54, including 21 with visceral heterotaxy. The superior caval vein (SVC) was anastomosed to the pulmonary arteries in a bidirectional fashion. To construct a channel draining the inferior caval vein (IVC), an extended polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) tube was placed intraatrially (in 15 patients) or outside the heart (in 13), its diameter being 14 mm in two patients, 16 mm in 12, and 18 mm or greater in 14. A heterologous pericardial baffle was used for intraatrial rerouting in 12 patients. A pedicled autologous pericardial roll was tailored as an extracardiac conduit in 11 patients, and the pulmonary trunk was directly anastomosed to IVC orifice in three.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seven patients, including five with right isomerism, died in the intermediate term because of infection of the ePTFE tube in two, respiratory problems in three, atrioventricular valvar regurgitation in one, and pulmonary venous obstruction in one. Postoperative catheterization showed; SVC pressure, 11+/-2 mmHg without a pressure gradient between SVC and IVC; systemic ventricular end diastolic pressure, 5+/-2 mmHg; end diastolic volume, 122+/-54% of the anticipated normal value; ejection fraction, 0. 56+/-0.11; and cardiac index, 2.9+/-0.7 l/min per m(2). With the follow-up of 1-116 (35+/-31) months, the IVC channel has not become obstructive in all, except for one, in whom a pedicled pericardial roll was severely obstructed because of its tortuous extracardiac course crossing in front of the vertebrae. Postoperative growth was generally stable, although body weights and heights were smaller in the majority of patients when compared with the anticipated standards for Japanese children.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  TCPC can be justifiably established in small children. The use of autologous tissues seemed preferable for constructing the IVC channel unless anatomic orientation was unsuitable.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, National Cardiovascular Center, 5-7-1 Fujishirodai, Suita, Osaka, Japan. huemura@hsp.ncvc.go.jp
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Uemura
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yagihara
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kawahira
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yoshikawa
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kitamura
mesh_terms: D019917:Blood Vessel Prosthesis Implantation; D001835:Body Weight; D002675:Child, Preschool; D018610:Heart Bypass, Right / Q000379:methods; D006330:Heart Defects, Congenital / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D011138:Polytetrafluoroethylene; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D011138:Polytetrafluoroethylene