title: Plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 may promote tumour growth through inhibition of apoptosis.
abstract: Plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) has been found to be a bad prognostic factor in a number of tumours but the reason has not been fully explained. The human prostate cancer cell line PC-3 and the human promyelocytic leukaemia cell line HL-60 were used in this study to determine the effect of PAI-1 on spontaneous and induced apoptosis in culture. Apoptosis was induced with camptothecin or etoposide. Addition of a stable variant of PAI-1 or wild-type PAI-1 to these cells resulted in a significant inhibition of apoptosis. In contrast, both the latent form of PAI-1 and the stable variant of PAI-1 inactivated by a specific neutralizing monoclonal antibody, or the stable variant of PAI-1 in a complex with recombinant urokinase did not inhibit apoptosis. This indicated that the inhibitory activity of PAI-1 was required for its anti-apoptotic effect but the urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor was not involved. These findings provide an explanation for the bad prognostic correlation of high PAI-1 levels in tumours. The anti-apoptotic effect was also found in non-tumoural cells including human umbilical vein endothelial cells and the benign human breast epithelial cell line MCF-10A, suggesting that this is a novel physiologic function of PAI-1.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
authors.forename: H C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Kwaan
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Svoboda
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Declerck
mesh_terms: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000494:pharmacology; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D002166:Camptothecin / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D053938:DNA Fragmentation; D005047:Etoposide / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D018922:HL-60 Cells; D006801:Humans; D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000378:metabolism; D055293:Receptors, Urokinase Plasminogen Activator; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; C524898:PLAUR protein, human; D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; D055293:Receptors, Urokinase Plasminogen Activator; D005047:Etoposide; D002166:Camptothecin