title: A survey of undergraduate orthodontic education in 23 European countries.
abstract: This paper reports on a survey of teaching contents and time allocation within the undergraduate orthodontic curriculum in European countries in 1997, and on whether or not these countries set a formal undergraduate examination in orthodontics. A questionnaire and an explanatory letter were mailed to all members of the EURO-QUAL BIOMED II project. Answers were validated during a meeting of project participants and by fax when necessary. Completed questionnaires, which were subsequently validated, were returned by orthodontists from 23 countries. They indicated that orthodontics was taught in all undergraduate curriculums of the countries surveyed. The number of hours in the undergraduate curriculum devoted to orthodontics was reported as varying from 135 to 500 hours with a mean of 245 hours. The time reported as allocated to theory, clinical practice, laboratory work, diagnosis, and treatment planning varied widely. In general, clinical practice and theory were reported as being allocated most curriculum hours, whilst diagnosis, laboratory work, and treatment planing were reported as receiving relatively less time. Removable appliances were reported to be taught in 22 of the 23 countries, functional appliances in 21 countries and fixed appliances in 17 countries. An undergraduate examination in orthodontics was reported by 20 countries. It was concluded that orthodontics occupies a small proportion of the undergraduate curriculum in dentistry in most countries, the emphasis is on theory and clinical work, and that removable appliances, functional appliances, and certain aspects of fixed appliances are taught in the majority of countries that responded to the questionnaire
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, University of Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Adamidis
authors.forename: K A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Eaton
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: McDonald
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Seeholzer
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Sieminska-Piekarczyk
mesh_terms: D003479:Curriculum; D004497:Education, Dental / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D004521:Educational Measurement; D005060:Europe; D005062:European Union; D017144:Focus Groups; D006801:Humans; D009967:Orthodontic Appliances; D009970:Orthodontics / Q000193:education*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires