title: Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and oral soft tissue pathologies. I. Prevalence and characteristics of non-candidal lesions.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A large epidemiologic study on oral health has found that several oral soft tissue lesions were more prevalent in subjects with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus than in control subjects without diabetes. Our objective in part I of this article is to characterize those lesions not associated with Candida.
  
  
  METHODS
  This cross-sectional study determined the prevalence and characteristics of oral soft tissue diseases identified during a comprehensive oral evaluation of 405 adult subjects with diabetes and 268 control subjects without diabetes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty specific oral soft tissue lesions were identified. Nearly twice as many subjects with diabetes as subjects without diabetes were found to have one or more oral soft tissue lesions (44.7% vs 25.0%; P <.0001). Subjects with diabetes also had significantly higher prevalence rates for 7 lesions, 3 of which were non-candidal: fissured tongue, irritation fibroma, and traumatic ulcers. (Four lesions generally associated with Candida infection-median rhomboid glossitis, denture stomatitis, generalized atrophy of the tongue papillae, and angular cheilitis-will be described in part II of this article.) There were no differences found between the subjects with diabetes and the control subjects for lichen planus, gingival hyperplasia, or salivary gland disease.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Oral soft tissue lesions were seen more frequently in subjects with insulin-dependent diabetes than in the control subjects. Characterization of 3 non-candidal lesions suggests that they are associated with trauma, delayed healing, or both.
authors.affiliation: University of Pittsburgh School of Dental Medicine, Departments of Restorative Dentistry and Oral Medicine and Pathology, Pennsylvania, USA.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Guggenheimer
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Moore
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Rossie
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Myers
authors.forename: M B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Mongelluzzo
authors.forename: H M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Block
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Weyant
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Orchard
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000150:complications*; D005260:Female; D005350:Fibroma / Q000209:etiology; D005891:Gingivitis / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009059:Mouth Diseases / Q000209:etiology*; D009061:Mouth Mucosa / Q000473:pathology; D019226:Oral Ulcer / Q000209:etiology; D015995:Prevalence; D013280:Stomatitis / Q000209:etiology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014063:Tongue, Fissured / Q000209:etiology; D014945:Wound Healing; D014987:Xerostomia / Q000209:etiology