title: Talismans and amulets in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit: legendary powers in contemporary medicine.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  For centuries talismans and amulets have been used in many cultures for their legendary healing powers.
  
  
  METHODS
  We asked the parents of every child (Jews and Arabs) admitted to the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit over a 2 month period to complete a questionnaire, which included demographic data on the patient and the family, the use of talismans or other folk medicine practices, and the perception of the effects of these practices on the patient's well-being. A different questionnaire was completed by the ICU staff members on their attitude toward the use of amulets.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirty percent of the families used amulets and talismans in the ICU, irrespective of the socioeconomic status of the family or the severity of the patient's illness. Amulets and talismans were used significantly more by religious Jews, by families with a higher parental educational level, and where the hospitalized child was very young. The estimated frequency of amulet use by the children's families, as perceived by the staff, was significantly higher than actual use reported by the parents. In Jewish families the actual use of amulets was found to be 30% compared to the 60% rate estimated by the medical staff; while in Moslem families the actual use was zero compared to the staff's estimation of about 36%. Of the 19 staff members, 14 reported that the use of amulets seemed to reduce the parents' anxiety, while 2 claimed that amulet use sometimes interfered with the staff's ability to carry out medical treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The use of talismans in a technologically advanced western society is more frequent than may have been thought. Medical and paramedical personnel dealing with very ill patients should be aware of the emotional and psychological implications of such beliefs and practices on patients and their families.
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Assaf Harofeh Medical Center, Zerifin, Israel. jbarr@post.tau.ac.il
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Barr
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Berkovitch
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Matras
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kocer
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Greenberg
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Eshel
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D015278:Intensive Care Units, Pediatric; D007514:Islam; D007557:Israel; D007599:Judaism; D008519:Medicine, Traditional; D008875:Middle Aged; D012068:Religion and Medicine