title: Videofluoroscopy of swallowing in symptomatic patients who have undergone long-term intubation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to evaluate whether specific patterns of swallowing dysfunction occur in symptomatic patients after long-term intubation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-one patients (16 men, five women; mean age, 66 years) who presented with clinical signs of aspiration after long-term intubation (mean duration, 24.6 days) underwent videofluoroscopy. They were analyzed for functional abnormalities of the tongue, soft palate, epiglottis, hyoid and larynx, pharynx, and the upper esophageal sphincter. We assessed the presence or absence of aspiration, the type of aspiration (pre-, intra-, and postdeglutitive), and a spectrum of other swallowing abnormalities.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were 18 patients (86%) with radiologically proven aspiration. In another patient only laryngeal penetration occurred. There were 11 combinations of pre-, intra-, and postdeglutitive aspiration. Predeglutitive aspiration was predominant and present in 52% of our patients. We found functional abnormalities of the tongue in 48%, of the soft palate in 10%, of the epiglottis in 48%, of the pharynx in 71%, and of the upper esophageal sphincter in 24%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients who are symptomatic after undergoing long-term intubation do not develop a specific type or pattern of swallowing dysfunction or aspiration, but show a large variety of aspiration types and associated swallowing disorders. Nevertheless, videofluoroscopy has the ability to reveal complex deglutition disorders and to aid precise planning of individualized functional swallowing therapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University of Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Partik
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pokieser
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Schima
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Schober
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Stadler
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Eisenhuber
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Denk
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lechner
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D003679:Deglutition; D003680:Deglutition Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D005471:Fluoroscopy; D006801:Humans; D001239:Inhalation; D007442:Intubation, Intratracheal / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D014741:Video Recording