title: Is there a role for antibiotic prophylaxis in transperineal interstitial permanent prostate brachytherapy?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  There are few data to guide the physician on the use of prophylactic antibiotic(s) for prostate brachytherapy. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the symptomatic urinary tract infection (UTI) rate after performing transperineal interstitial permanent prostate brachytherapy (TIPPB) in conjunction with cystoscopy.
  
  
  METHODS
  One-hundred twenty-five patients underwent TIPPB and cystoscopy. All patients received intravenous perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis. No postimplant antibiotic medication was prescribed. All patients were evaluated at 1-month follow- up for symptomatic UTI. No screening (U/A, C+S) was performed for asymptomatic patients. Any UTI within 1 month of TIPPB was considered a complication and scored as an infection.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 125 patients who underwent TIPPB and cystoscopy, one patient (1%) developed a symptomatic UTI. In our study, a one-time perioperative intravenous dose of cefazolin (Ancef) without additional postoperative antibiotics resulted in an overall symptomatic UTI rate of 1%. Hence, additional postoperative antibiotics may not be warranted, thus providing a cost saving (500 mg of ciprofloxacin orally, two times a day for 5 days at a cost of $44.95) and reducing the potential risk of antibiotic resistance.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  When cystoscopy is used in conjunction with TIPPB, perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis is recommended. However, due to the low infection rate expected from TIPPB, postimplant antibiotic use is not recommended. As a result of the low infection rate anticipated from TIPPB and cystoscopy, a large multiinstitutional trial is needed to determine the necessity of antibiotic prophylaxis for TIPPB and cystoscopy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Kimmel Cancer Center, Jefferson Medical College of Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107-5097, USA.
authors.forename: A P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Dicker
authors.forename: A T
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Figura
authors.forename: F M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Waterman
authors.forename: R K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Valicenti
authors.forename: S E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Strup
authors.forename: L G
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Gomella
mesh_terms: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D019072:Antibiotic Prophylaxis; D001918:Brachytherapy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D002437:Cefazolin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002511:Cephalosporins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002939:Ciprofloxacin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003558:Cystoscopy; D004333:Drug Administration Routes; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010502:Perineum; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D011880:Radiotherapy Planning, Computer-Assisted; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014552:Urinary Tract Infections / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D002511:Cephalosporins; D002939:Ciprofloxacin; D002437:Cefazolin