title: Low-dose dobutamine responsiveness in idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy: relation to exercise capacity and clinical outcome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate myocardial contractile reserve using low-dose dobutamine echocardiography in patients with chronic heart failure secondary to idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy stratified by peak exercise oxygen consumption (VO(2)).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sixty clinically stable patients (56+/-11 years; 45 males) with idiopathic cardiomyopathy and NYHA class I to III symptoms of heart failure were studied and followed-up for 13+/-3 months. All patients underwent cardiopulmonary exercise testing and low-dose dobutamine. The dobutamine infusion protocol consisted of an initial dose of 2.5 micro. kg(-1)per 3 min, increasing by 2.5 micro. kg(-1)per min every 3 min; the maximal dose was 10 micro. kg(-1)per min. The end-systolic volume index, left ventricular ejection fraction and cardiac output were measured at baseline and peak dobutamine dose and their change calculated as ((peak dose value-baseline value)/baseline value]x100. Ten normal subjects with normal left ventricular function and no coronary artery lesions served as a control group to compare low-dose dobutamine results. All analysed echocardiographic variables either at baseline or following dobutamine infusion were significantly lower in patients with chronic heart failure as a whole compared to the control group. When the patients were grouped according to Weber's classification, a statistically significant decrease in percentange changes in end-systolic volume index (rho=-0.77;P<0.0001), left ventricular ejection fraction (rho=-0.72;P<0.0001) and cardiac output (rho=-0. 82;P<0.0001) from class A to class C was observed. The mean percentage decrease in end-systolic volume index following the dobutamine infusion was 28.7+/-9% in class A (peak VO(2)>20 ml. kg(-1). min(-1)), 18.6+/-8% in class B (peak VO(2)between 16 and 20 ml. kg. min(-1)), and only 6.4+/-6% in class C (peak VO(2)between 10 and 16 ml. kg(-1). min(-1)) patient groups. At multivariate analysis, only the percentage change in end-systolic volume index was significantly associated with a peak VO(2)<15 ml. kg(-1). min(-1)(P=0.006). During the follow-up, 17 patients had events (15 readmissions for worsening heart failure and two deaths). At multivariate analysis, only the percentage change in end-systolic volume index was significantly associated with the occurrence of events (P=0.003). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for percentage change in end-systolic volume index was not significantly different from that for peak VO(2)(0. 86+/-0.04 vs 0.80+/-0.06;P:ns).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study indicates that in patients with chronic heart failure secondary to idiopathic cardiomyopathy, the cardiac response to low-dose dobutamine, as assessed by echocardiography, is correlated with peak VO(2), an objective and accurate measure of the severity of the disease and clinical outcome.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, "Salvatore Maugeri" Foundation, IRCCS, Rehabilitation Institute of Cassano Murge, Bari, Italy.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Scrutinio
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Napoli
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Passantino
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ricci
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lagioia
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rizzon
mesh_terms: D000318:Adrenergic beta-Agonists; D000368:Aged; D002311:Cardiomyopathy, Dilated / Q000503:physiopathology*; D018450:Disease Progression; D004280:Dobutamine; D005080:Exercise Test; D017079:Exercise Tolerance; D005260:Female; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000503:physiopathology; D006439:Hemodynamics; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010101:Oxygen Consumption; D011379:Prognosis; D015203:Reproducibility of Results
chemical_list: D000318:Adrenergic beta-Agonists; D004280:Dobutamine