title: Soft versus rigid vacuum extractor cups for assisted vaginal delivery.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The original cups used for vacuum extraction delivery of the fetus were rigid metal cups. Subsequently, soft cups of flexible materials such as silicone rubber or plastic were introduced. Soft cups are thought to have a poorer success rate than metal cups. However they are also thought to be less likely to be associated with scalp trauma and less likely to injure the mother.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this review was to assess the effects of soft versus rigid vacuum extractor cups on perineal injury, fetal scalp injury and success rate.
  
  
  METHODS
  We searched the Cochrane Pregnancy and Childbirth Group trials register and the Cochrane Controlled Trials Register. Date of last search: February 2000.
  
  
  METHODS
  Acceptably controlled comparisons of soft versus rigid vacuum extractor cups.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two reviewers assessed trial quality and extracted data. Study authors were contacted for additional information.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Nine trials involving 1375 women were included. The trials were of average quality. Soft cups are significantly more likely to fail to achieve vaginal delivery (odds ratio 1.65, 95% confidence interval 1.19 to 2.29). However, they were associated with less scalp injury (odds ratio 0.45, 95% confidence interval 0.15 to 0.60). There was no difference between the two groups in terms of maternal injury.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Metal cups appear to be more suitable for 'occipito-posterior', transverse and difficult 'occipito-anterior' position deliveries. The soft cups seem to be appropriate for straightforward deliveries.
authors.affiliation: Academic Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, North Staffordshire Hospital NHS Trust, Maternity Hospital, Newcastle Road, Stoke-on-Trent, Staffordshire, UK, ST4 6QG. rbj@kogs.demon.co.uk
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Johanson
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Menon
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D011247:Pregnancy; D014620:Vacuum Extraction, Obstetrical / Q000295:instrumentation*