title: Activity of macrolides, lincosamines, streptogramins and fluoroquinolones against streptococcus pneumoniae and enterococci isolates from the western hemisphere: example of international surveillance (SENTRY antimicrobial surveillance program )in the development of new drugs.
abstract: Resistance among commonly isolated Gram-positive cocci have compromised the available therapeutic regimens and require structured monitoring at the local, regional, national, and international levels. Two popular treatment classes of antimicrobials (macrolides-lincosamines-streptogramins [MLS], fluoroquinolones) have been tested against 3, 049 isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae and enterococci from the SENTRY Antimicrobial Surveillance program. The strains were obtained from clinical cases in hospitals in the United States, Canada, and six nations (10 medical centers )in Latin America. MLS and fluoroquinolone compounds had moderate activity against vancomycin-susceptible Enterococcus faecalis only (gatifloxacin, and trovafloxacin MIC(50), 0.5 microg/ml), and quinupristin/dalfopristin was potent only against E.faecium isolates (MIC(90), 1 microg/ml(-2) microg/ml). When tested against pneumococci, gatifloxacin, trovafloxacin, sparfloxacin, and quinupristin/dalfopristin (MIC(90), < or = 1 microg/ml)were most active among the newer drugs, but vancomycin and clindamycinn inhibited > or =99.8% and 84.7% to 99.1% of strains, respectively. These results from a global resistance monitoring program should encourage rapid drug development. Based on in vitro sensitivity testing, they indicate a promising role for the treatment of emerging resistant Gram-positive cocci. The clinical role for each new agent will depend on safety profiles, rates of administration, and other issues identified during development in the clinical trials process.
authors.affiliation: Medical Microbiology Division, University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.
authors.forename: M T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Lewis
authors.forename: R N
authors.initials: RN
authors.lastname: Jones
mesh_terms: D000606:Amino Sugars / Q000494:pharmacology; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D002170:Canada; D004352:Drug Resistance, Microbial; D016983:Enterococcus / Q000187:drug effects*; D024841:Fluoroquinolones; D006801:Humans; D007843:Latin America; D018942:Macrolides; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D018571:Sentinel Surveillance; D013296:Streptococcus pneumoniae / Q000187:drug effects*; D014481:United States; D014769:Virginiamycin / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000606:Amino Sugars; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D024841:Fluoroquinolones; D018942:Macrolides; D014769:Virginiamycin; C008283:lincosamine