title: Heritability of social cognitive skills in children and adolescents.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Social cognitive skills are those which enable understanding of social situations; they are relevant to a variety of psychiatric disorders including autism, schizophrenia and externalizing behaviour problems in children.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To examine the heritability of social cognitive skills.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using a population-based sample of twins aged 5-17, the genetic and environmental influences on social cognitive skills were examined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Male scores were higher than female scores (P < 0.001), indicating poorer social cognition among males. A heritability of 0.68 (95% CI 0.43-0.78) was found, with shared environmental influences accounting for only 0.05 of the variance (95% CI 0.00-0.28). This could be removed from the model without worsening the fit. There were no significant differences in genetic effects between the genders, but age-related changes were found, with younger twins showing greater genetic influence on social cognition.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Social cognition appears to be under considerable genetic influence in the population and shows significant male-female differences. No gender differences in genetic influences on the variance of scores were found, but the effects of age were significant.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Wales College of Medicine, Cardiff.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Scourfield
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lewis
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: McGuffin
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000367:Age Factors; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006801:Humans; D007398:Interpersonal Relations; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000235:genetics; D012737:Sex Factors; D012919:Social Behavior; D012931:Social Environment; D014427:Twins / Q000523:psychology*