title: Does high dose ipratropium bromide added to salbutamol improve pulmonary function for patients with chronic obstructive airways disease in the emergency department?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  To determine the effect of high dose ipratropium bromide, both alone or in combination with standard dose salbutamol, on pulmonary function in patients presenting to the Emergency Department (ED) with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive airways disease (COAD).
  
  
  METHODS
  The trial was a prospective, randomised, double blind trial of adult patients with COAD. All patients received nebulised salbutamol 5 mg and 500 microg ipratropium and hydrocortisone 250 mg i.v. at time=0, then were randomised to receive further nebulisers at time=15 minutes and time=30 minutes of salbutamol 5 mg combined with ipratropium 500 microg or salbutamol 5 mg alone or ipratropium 500 microg alone. Pulmonary function tests were conducted at time=0 and time=90 minutes. The primary endpoints were absolute and percent change in FEV1.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The group randomised to receive 5 mg salbutamol and 500 microg ipratropium (n=18) showed a mean percentage change of FEV1 of 6.4% with a mean absolute change of 0.06 L (SD 0.18 L). Those who received 5 mg salbutamol (n=16) had a mean percentage change of 18.6% with a mean absolute change of 0.13 L (SD of 0.21 L). Those who received 500 microg ipratropium (n=16) had a mean percentage change of 4.8% with a mean absolute change of 0.023 L (SD of 0.07 L). There was no significant difference between the groups in FEV1 (p=0.56 for percentage change; p=0.36 for absolute change).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The addition of 500 microg ipratropium to 5 mg salbutamol in subsequent nebulisers adds no benefit to pulmonary function after the initial nebuliser of both bronchodilators in the treatment of COAD in the ED.
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, Western Hospital, Melbourne, Vic.
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Koutsogiannis
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Kelly
mesh_terms: D000318:Adrenergic beta-Agonists / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000328:Adult; D000420:Albuterol / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D001993:Bronchodilator Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D018680:Cholinergic Antagonists / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004636:Emergency Service, Hospital; D005541:Forced Expiratory Volume; D006801:Humans; D009241:Ipratropium / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008173:Lung Diseases, Obstructive / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D011446:Prospective Studies
chemical_list: D000318:Adrenergic beta-Agonists; D001993:Bronchodilator Agents; D018680:Cholinergic Antagonists; D009241:Ipratropium; D000420:Albuterol