title: The effects of interleukin-10 in hemorrhagic shock.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Interleukin-10 (IL-10) counteracts the effects of the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-1 (IL-1), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor (TNF). Experimental data suggest that inhibition of these proinflammatory cytokines improves outcome in sepsis, endotoxemia, necrotizing pancreatitis, and other severe inflammatory states. We hypothesized that the administration of IL-10 would attenuate the release of proinflammatory cytokines after severe hemorrhagic shock.
  
  
  METHODS
  To test our hypothesis, male Sprague-Dawley rats (N = 20) were divided into control and experimental groups. We induced hemorrhagic shock by removing a sufficient quantity of blood to maintain a mean arterial pressure of 50 mm Hg or less for 120 min. The animals were then resuscitated with shed blood and an equal volume of 0.9% saline. The experimental group received 10,000 units of IL-10 at the initiation of shock. Serum IL-1, IL-6, TNF, and lactate were measured at baseline, after 120 min of shock, and 60 min after resuscitation. The rats were followed for 72 h to calculate survival.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Similar levels of hypoperfusion were obtained in both groups as demonstrated by lactate levels and amount of shed blood. The survival rate (70%) was the same in both groups. Serum levels of IL-1 and IL-6 were not significantly different between the two groups, although there was a trend toward IL-6 suppression. TNF, however, was significantly lower in the IL-10-treated group at the end of shock (Wilcoxon test, P < 0. 025).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Administration of IL-10 suppresses the TNF surge observed after severe hemorrhagic shock.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Washington Hospital Center, 110 Irving Street NW, Washington, DC 20010-2975, USA.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Karakozis
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hinds
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Cook
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Provido
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Kirkpatrick
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000097:blood; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D018805:Sepsis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology; D012771:Shock, Hemorrhagic / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D007375:Interleukin-1; D015850:Interleukin-6; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D016753:Interleukin-10; D019344:Lactic Acid