title: Maternal iodine supplements in areas of deficiency.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Iodine deficiency is the leading preventable cause of intellectual impairment in the world. Although iodine supplementation is generally considered to be safe, there is a possibility of high doses of iodine suppressing maternal thyroid function.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this review was to assess the effects of iodine supplementation before or during pregnancy in areas of iodine deficiency.
  
  
  METHODS
  We searched the Cochrane Pregnancy and Childbirth Group trials register.
  
  
  METHODS
  All acceptably controlled trials of maternal iodine supplementation during pregnancy with clinical outcomes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eligibility and trial quality were assessed by two reviewers.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Three trials involving 1551 women were included. In two trials, iodine supplementation was associated with a statistically significant reduction in deaths during infancy and early childhood (relative risk 0.71, 95% confidence interval 0. 56 to 0.90). Iodine supplementation was associated with decreased prevalence of endemic cretinism at the age of four years (relative risk 0.27, 95% confidence interval 0.12 to 0.60) and better psychomotor development scores between four to 25 months of age.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Iodine supplementation in a population with high levels of endemic cretinism results in an important reduction in the incidence of the condition with no apparent adverse effects.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Zimbabwe, PO Box A178, Avondale, Harare, Zimbabwe. kmahomed@healthnet.zw
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mahomed
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Gülmezoglu
mesh_terms: D002675:Child, Preschool; D003409:Congenital Hypothyroidism / Q000517:prevention & control*; D003677:Deficiency Diseases / Q000517:prevention & control; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007455:Iodine / Q000172:deficiency; D016742:Preconception Care; D011247:Pregnancy; D011295:Prenatal Care
chemical_list: D007455:Iodine