title: 3-D Golgi and image analysis of the olfactory tubercle in schizophrenia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine morphologic changes in the olfactory tubercle (OT) spiny neurons and astrocytes in schizophrenia (Sch) by means of quantitative 3-D Golgi and immunocytochemical studies.
  
  
  METHODS
  Free-floating vibrotome sections of postmortem brain tissue from 10 controls and 12 Sch cases were used for Golgi study and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) immunocytochemistry. A gray level image analysis was applied for quantitative estimation of GFAP-positive astrocytes on uniform, randomly sampled sections. This method is effective for low-contrast objects on an uneven background. Golgi-impregnated OT spiny neurons were analyzed both qualitatively and quantitatively in three dimensions with a semiautomated microscope-computer system. From digitized image of the neurons, various metric parameters were estimated to characterize the dendritic tree.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In cases of Sch, degenerative changes in the dendrites of OT spiny neurons were revealed. A decrease in the maximal radius of the dendritic tree and total length of dendrites were accompanied by an increase in the length density of dendrites. Hypertrophy and a more-intensive GFAP reaction of astrocytes were found in OT of Sch.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Based on these results, one can hypothesize that OT spiny neurons in Sch are involved in the process of dendritic reorganization, including degenerative changes in dendrites.
authors.affiliation: Brain Research Institute, Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Markova
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Markov
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Revishchin
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Okhotin
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sulimov
mesh_terms: D001253:Astrocytes / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D048429:Cell Size; D003712:Dendrites / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D005904:Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009474:Neurons / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D009833:Olfactory Pathways / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D012016:Reference Values; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000473:pathology*; D013194:Staining and Labeling
chemical_list: D005904:Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein