title: Biomechanical regulation of human monocyte/macrophage molecular function.
abstract: When the monocyte infiltrates a tissue, adhesion to the extracellular matrix provides structural anchors, and the cell may be deformed through these attachments. To test the hypothesis that human monocytes/macrophages are mechanically responsive, we studied the effects of small cyclic mechanical deformations on cultured human monocytes/macrophages. When monocytes/macrophages were subjected to 4% strain at 1 Hz for 24 hours, neither matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1 nor MMP-3 was induced; however, in the presence of phorbol myristate acetate, strain augmented MMP-1 expression by 5.1 +/- 0.7-fold (P < 0.05) and MMP-3 expression by 1. 6 +/- 0.1-fold (P < 0.05). In contrast, MMP-9 expression was not changed by mechanical strain in the presence or absence of phorbol myristate acetate. Deformation rapidly induced the immediate early response genes c-fos and c-jun. In addition, mechanical deformation induced the transcription factor PU.1, an ets family member that is essential in monocyte differentiation, as well as mRNA for the M-CSF receptor. These studies demonstrate that human monocytes/macrophages respond to mechanical deformation with selective augmentation of MMPs, induction of immediate early genes, and induction of the M-CSF receptor. In addition to enhancing the proteolytic activity of macrophages within repairing tissues, cellular deformation within tissues may play a role in monocyte differentiation.
authors.affiliation: Vascular Medicine and Atherosclerosis Unit, Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sakamoto
authors.forename: E C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: R T
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000111:Acetylcysteine / Q000494:pharmacology; D015152:Blotting, Northern; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D016326:Extracellular Matrix Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology; D005353:Fibronectins / Q000494:pharmacology; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers / Q000494:pharmacology; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D017781:Genes, Immediate-Early / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000378:metabolism; D007797:Laminin / Q000494:pharmacology; D008264:Macrophages / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D020781:Matrix Metalloproteinase 1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D019278:Matrix Metalloproteinase 3 / Q000235:genetics; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / Q000235:genetics; D009000:Monocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D012313:RNA / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D016326:Extracellular Matrix Proteins; D005353:Fibronectins; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D007375:Interleukin-1; D007797:Laminin; D012313:RNA; D019278:Matrix Metalloproteinase 3; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9; D020781:Matrix Metalloproteinase 1; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate; D000111:Acetylcysteine