title: Gabapentin for drug-resistant partial epilepsy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The majority of epileptic patients have a good prognosis and their seizures can be well controlled with the use of a single antiepileptic agent, but up to 30% develop refractory epilepsy, especially those with partial seizures. In this review we summarise the current evidence regarding a new antiepileptic drug, gabapentin, when used as an add-on treatment for drug-resistant partial epilepsy
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of gabapentin when used as an add-on treatment for patients with drug-resistant partial epilepsy.
  
  
  METHODS
  We searched the Cochrane Epilepsy Group trial register, the Cochrane Controlled Trials Register of The Cochrane Library Issue 4, 1998. In addition, we contacted Parke Davis (manufacturers of gabapentin) and experts in the field to seek any ongoing studies or unpublished studies.
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomized placebo controlled double blind add-on trials of gabapentin in patients with drug-resistant partial epilepsy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two reviewers independently selected trials for inclusion and extracted the relevant data. The following outcomes were assessed: (a) 50% or greater reduction in seizure frequency; (b) treatment withdrawal (any reason); (c) side effects. Primary analyses were intention to treat. Sensitivity best and worst case analyses were also undertaken. Summary odds ratios were estimated for each outcome. Dose response was evaluated in regression models, and Number Needed to Treat (NNTs) were calculated for individual doses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Four trials were included representing 750 randomized patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall odds ratio (OR) (95% Confidence Interval (CI)) for 50% or greater reduction in seizure frequency compared to placebo 2.22 (1.49 - 3.32). Dose regression analysis shows increasing efficacy with increasing dose, with 28.5% (21.5 - 36.7) of patients responding to 1800mg of gabapentin compared to placebo, NNT 6.7 (3.0 - 10.5). Global effectiveness: treatment withdrawal OR (95% CI) compared to placebo 1.40 (0.76 - 2.55); Side effects: OR (99% CI) compared to placebo. dizziness 2.26 (1.28 - 3.99); fatigue 2.29 (1.11 - 4.74); somnolence 2.04 (1.21 - 3.45) were significanty associated with gabapentin.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Gabapentin has efficacy as an add-on treatment in patients with drug-resistant partial epilepsy. However, trials reviewed were of relatively short duration, and provide no evidence for the long term efficacy of gabapentin. Results cannot be extrapolated to monotherapy or patients with other epilepsy types.
authors.affiliation: University Department of Neurological Science, The University of Liverpool, The Walton Centre for Neurology & Neurosurgery, Lower Lane, Fazakerley, Liverpool, Merseyside, UK, L9 7LJ. TMarson@compuserve.com
authors.forename: A G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Marson
authors.forename: Z A
authors.initials: ZA
authors.lastname: Kadir
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Hutton
authors.forename: D W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Chadwick
mesh_terms: D000085:Acetates / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000588:Amines; D000927:Anticonvulsants / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003509:Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acids; D004828:Epilepsies, Partial / Q000188:drug therapy*; D000077206:Gabapentin; D006801:Humans; D017211:Treatment Failure; D005680:gamma-Aminobutyric Acid
chemical_list: D000085:Acetates; D000588:Amines; D000927:Anticonvulsants; D003509:Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acids; D005680:gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; D000077206:Gabapentin