title: Interleukin-8 is increased in cerebrospinal fluid of children with severe head injury.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine interleukin (IL)-8 concentrations in ventricular cerebrospinal fluid from children with severe traumatic brain injury (TBI).
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective study.
  
  
  METHODS
  University children's hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-seven children hospitalized with severe TBI (Glasgow Coma Scale score < or =8), seven children with cerebrospinal fluid culture-positive bacterial meningitis, and twenty-four age-equivalent controls.
  
  
  METHODS
  Placement of an intraventricular catheter and continuous drainage of cerebrospinal fluid.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Median [range] cerebrospinal fluid IL-8 concentration in children with TBI (0-12 hrs) (4,452.5 [0-20,000] pg/mL) was markedly greater than that in controls (14.5 [0-250]) (p < .0001) and equivalent to concentrations in children with meningitis (5,300 [1,510-22,000] pg/mL) (p = .33). Cerebrospinal fluid IL-8 remained increased in children with severe TBI for up to 108 hrs after injury. Univariate logistic regression analysis demonstrated an association between cerebrospinal fluid IL-8 and child abuse (p = .07) and mortality (p = .01). Multivariate analysis demonstrated a strong, independent association between cerebrospinal fluid IL-8 and mortality (p = .01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The data are consistent with an acute inflammatory component of TBI in children and suggest an association between cerebrospinal fluid IL-8 and outcome after TBI. IL-8 may represent a potential target for anti-inflammatory therapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Whalen
authors.forename: T M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Carlos
authors.forename: P M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Kochanek
authors.forename: S R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Wisniewski
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Bell
authors.forename: R S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Clark
authors.forename: S T
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: DeKosky
authors.forename: D W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Marion
authors.forename: P D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Adelson
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000293:Adolescent; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D006259:Craniocerebral Trauma / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid*; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D016920:Meningitis, Bacterial / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D016209:Interleukin-8