title: A technique to prevent dural adhesions to chronically implanted microelectrode arrays.
abstract: Minimizing relative movements between neural tissues and arrays of microelectrodes chronically implanted into them is expected to greatly enhance the capacity of the microelectrodes to record from single cortical neurons on a long-term basis. We describe a new surgical technique to minimize the formation of adhesions between the dura and an implanted electrode array using a 12 microm (0.5 mil) thick sheet of Teflon film positioned between the array and the dura. A total of 15 cats were implanted using this technique. Gross examination of 12 implant sites at the time of sacrifice failed to find evidence of adhesions between the arrays and the dura when the Teflon(R) film remained in its initial position. In six implants from which recordings were made, an average of nine of the 11 (81%) connected electrodes in each array recorded evoked neural activity after 180 days post implantation. Further, on average, two separable units were identified on each of the implanted electrodes in these arrays. No significant change was found in the density of cell bodies around implanted electrodes of four of the implanted electrode arrays. However, histological evaluation of the implant sites revealed evidence of meningeal proliferation beneath the arrays. The technique described is shown to be effective at preventing adhesions between implanted electrode arrays and improve the characteristics of chronic recordings obtained with these structures.
authors.affiliation: Moran Laboratories for Applied Vision and Neural Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City 84112, USA.
authors.forename: E M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Maynard
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Fernandez
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Normann
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001253:Astrocytes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000473:pathology; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D002415:Cats; D004567:Electrodes, Implanted / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004594:Electrophysiology / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D005904:Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein / Q000032:analysis; D008839:Microelectrodes / Q000009:adverse effects*; D009474:Neurons / Q000473:pathology; D009488:Neurosciences / Q000379:methods*; D011138:Polytetrafluoroethylene; D000267:Tissue Adhesions / Q000517:prevention & control
chemical_list: D005904:Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein; D011138:Polytetrafluoroethylene