title: Gelsolin inhibits apoptosis by blocking mitochondrial membrane potential loss and cytochrome c release.
abstract: Apoptotic cell death, characterized by chromatin condensation, nuclear fragmentation, cell membrane blebbing, and apoptotic body formation, is also accompanied by typical mitochondrial changes. The latter includes enhanced membrane permeability, fall in mitochondrial membrane potential (Deltapsi(m)) and release of cytochrome c into the cytosol. Gelsolin, an actin regulatory protein, has been shown to inhibit apoptosis, but when cleaved by caspase-3, a fragment that is implicated as an effector of apoptosis is generated. The mechanism by which the full-length form of gelsolin inhibits apoptosis is unclear. Here we show that the overexpression of gelsolin inhibits the loss of Deltapsi(m) and cytochrome c release from mitochondria resulting in the lack of activation of caspase-3, -8, and -9 in Jurkat cells treated with staurosporine, thapsigargin, and protoporphyrin IX. These effects were corroborated in vitro using recombinant gelsolin protein on isolated rat mitochondria stimulated with Ca(2+), atractyloside, or Bax. This protective function of gelsolin, which was not due to simple Ca(2+) sequestration, was inhibited by polyphosphoinositide binding. In addition we confirmed that gelsolin, besides its localization in the cytosol, is also present in the mitochondrial fraction of cells. Gelsolin thus acts on an early step in the apoptotic signaling at the level of mitochondria.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cancer Gene Regulation, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-15, Nishi-7, Kita-Ku, Sapporo 060-0815, Japan.
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Koya
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Fujita
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shimizu
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ohtsu
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Takimoto
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tsujimoto
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kuzumaki
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D001278:Atractyloside / Q000494:pharmacology; D053148:Caspase 3; D053181:Caspase 8; D053453:Caspase 9; D020169:Caspases / Q000378:metabolism; D003574:Cytochrome c Group / Q000378:metabolism*; D018260:Gelsolin / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007425:Intracellular Membranes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D019169:Jurkat Cells; D007700:Kinetics; D008297:Male; D008564:Membrane Potentials / Q000187:drug effects*; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D008930:Mitochondria, Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D010716:Phosphatidylinositols / Q000494:pharmacology; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D011524:Protoporphyrins / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology; D019311:Staurosporine / Q000494:pharmacology; D019284:Thapsigargin / Q000494:pharmacology; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein
chemical_list: C494826:BAX protein, human; C494828:Bax protein, rat; D003574:Cytochrome c Group; D018260:Gelsolin; D010716:Phosphatidylinositols; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D011524:Protoporphyrins; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein; D001278:Atractyloside; D019284:Thapsigargin; C028025:protoporphyrin IX; C505407:CASP3 protein, human; C505530:CASP8 protein, human; C506433:CASP9 protein, human; C505410:Casp3 protein, rat; C505528:Casp8 protein, rat; C506435:Casp9 protein, rat; D053148:Caspase 3; D053181:Caspase 8; D053453:Caspase 9; D020169:Caspases; D019311:Staurosporine