title: Pleural lavage cytology in esophageal cancer without pleural effusions: clinicopathologic analysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The literature of pleural lavage cytology (PLC) is focused on lung cancer. We conducted this pilot study to determine the incidence of malignant pleural cytologies in patients without pleural effusions who undergo curative resection for esophageal cancer, and to evaluate the clinicopathologic significance of positive cytology.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-eight patients underwent esophagectomy for thoracic esophageal cancer in our unit from January 1998 to January 1999. After thoracotomy, pleural lavage was performed before any intrathoracic manipulation and cytologically evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was one patient with stage I, 27 patients with stage II, and 20 patients with stage III cancer of the thoracic esophagus. The mean age was 55 years (range 41-77 years). Fifteen cases (31.3%) were found to have positive lymph nodes (N1). Squamous cell carcinoma was the dominant histopathologic type (91.7%). Positive lavage cytology in the whole group was found in 18.8% (9/48). There was no significant correlation to gender, age, clinical symptoms, histology, T or N status, TNM stage, or tumor location.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The incidence of positive pleural lavage cytology in esophageal cancer is disconcertingly high. Positive cytology might suggest a more aggressive tumor biology. Future studies on its relation to survival and occult lymphatic metastasis are warranted.
authors.affiliation: Hubei Cancer Hospital, Wuhan, China. xjiao@smail.umaryland.edu
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Jiao
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wen
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Krasna
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000473:pathology*; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D016629:Esophagectomy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010865:Pilot Projects; D010994:Pleura / Q000473:pathology*; D007507:Therapeutic Irrigation; D013908:Thoracotomy