title: Influence of diabetes and type of hypertension on response to antihypertensive treatment.
abstract: The aim of our investigation was to determine whether the presence of additional risk factors or type of hypertension (diastolic or isolated systolic) influences blood pressure (BP) response to treatment. The International Nifedipine GITS Study: Intervention as a Goal in Hypertension Treatment (INSIGHT) study is a double-blinded outcome comparison of calcium channel blockade with diuretics in high-risk patients aged 55 to 80 years. Dynamic randomization between nifedipine once daily and hydrochlorothiazide/amiloride was performed to ensure that approximately equal numbers of patients in the 2 groups had each of the major cardiovascular risk factors. Patients with isolated systolic hypertension were also separately randomized. Atenolol or enalapril was the mandatory second-line drug. In 5669 patients who completed the 18-week titration, BP fell from 172+/-15/99+/-9 mm Hg (mean+/-SD) while receiving placebo to 139+/-12/82+/-7 mm Hg. Twenty-six percent of patients required 2 drugs, and 4% required 3 drugs. Patients with diabetes were the most resistant to treatment, requiring second and third drugs 40% and 100% more frequently than patients without diabetes and achieving marginally the highest final BP, for any risk group, of 141+/-13/82+/-8 mm Hg. Age, smoking, gender, hypercholesterolemia, left ventricular hypertrophy, and existing atherosclerosis had little (<1 mm Hg) or no influence on BP at the end of titration, but all except smoking slightly reduced the initial response of either systolic or diastolic BP. Patients with isolated systolic hypertension were slightly more responsive than average to treatment. Our findings suggest that in patients at high absolute risk of cardiovascular complications from hypertension, the risk factors themselves do not prevent the recommended BP targets from being achieved.
authors.affiliation: Clinical Pharmacology Unit, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom. morris.brown@cai.cam.ac.uk
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Castaigne
authors.forename: P W
authors.initials: PW
authors.lastname: de Leeuw
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Mancia
authors.forename: C R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Palmer
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Rosenthal
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Ruilope
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D001262:Atenolol / Q000008:administration & dosage; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects*; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers / Q000008:administration & dosage; D048909:Diabetes Complications; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003971:Diastole; D004232:Diuretics / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004656:Enalapril / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors; D013599:Systole
chemical_list: D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers; D004232:Diuretics; D001262:Atenolol; D004656:Enalapril