title: Phrenic nerve conduction study in demyelinating neuropathies and open-heart surgery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to determine normal values of phrenic nerve conduction (PNC) in healthy individuals; to evaluate the subclinical extent of phrenic nerve involvement in Guillain-Barré syndrome (G-B) and hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy-I (HMSN-I), and to evaluate phrenic nerve damage after cardiac surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  PNC was performed by transcutaneous stimulation in the neck and recording the diaphragmatic potential from surface electrodes placed at the seventh and eight intercostal spaces. PNC was performed bilaterally in 25 healthy volunteers and 25 patients before and after open-heart surgery. Right PNC was also performed in 5 cases with G-B and 5 patients with HMNS-I.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Latency and amplitude of the diaphragmatic potential were the same in controls and in patients with cardiac disease before surgery. After surgery, 28% of patients had left phrenic nerve inexcitability, and 8% had reduced amplitude of the response. These 9 patients demonstrated elevation of the left hemidiaphragm on chest radiography. Left PNC performed 1 year after the operation showed improvement in latency and amplitude of the responses in all except one patient. PNC was prolonged in 4 out of 5 cases with G-B and in all patients with HMNS-I.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PNC is an easy and reliable method in evaluating phrenic nerve damage due to hypothermia or primary stretch injury in patients after cardiac surgery. PNC may be helpful in detecting diaphragmatic involvement before clinical ventilatory insufficiency in demyelinating neuropathies such as G-B and HMNS-I.
authors.affiliation: Electromyography Unit, Hospital La Luz, Sta. Casilda 1, 6 degrees E, 28005, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cruz-Martinez
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Armijo
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fermoso
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Moraleda
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Maté
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Marín
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002607:Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001026:Coronary Artery Bypass; D005260:Female; D020275:Guillain-Barre Syndrome / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006344:Heart Septal Defects, Atrial / Q000601:surgery; D019918:Heart Valve Prosthesis Implantation; D006801:Humans; D007432:Intraoperative Period; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009431:Neural Conduction / Q000502:physiology*; D010791:Phrenic Nerve / Q000502:physiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D011184:Postoperative Period