title: Surgical myocardial revascularization without cardiopulmonary bypass.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Though coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) without cardiopulmonary bypass is being performed with increasing frequency, in the absence of adequate angiographic follow-up, safety, reproducibility, and efficacy of the procedure remain doubtful. In this prospective study, we report the results obtained by 100% angiographic follow-up of 96 consecutive patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 96 patients (age range 33 to 76 years) underwent CABG without cardiopulmonary bypass. Single vessel disease was present in 46 (47.9%) patients, double vessel disease in 31 (32.3%), and triple vessel disease in 19 (19.8%) patients. All patients were operated through a standard midsternotomy and an optimal combination of pharmacological and mechanical methods were used to restrict cardiac movements during anastomosis. All patients underwent coronary angiography before discharge from the hospital.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 160 grafts were placed (range 1 to 4 grafts per patient, average 1.7+/-0.3 grafts per patient). A single graft was placed in 46 patients, double grafts in 38, triple grafts in 10, and quadruple grafts in 2 patients. Various grafts included pedicled left internal mammary artery (LIMA) (n = 95), free LIMA (n = 1), right internal mammary artery (n = 14), radial artery (n = 24), right gastroepiploic artery (n = 5), and saphenous vein grafts (n = 21). Operative mortality was 1.0% (1 of 96). Two patients required reoperation for excessive bleeding. Mean hospital stay was 5.7+/-1.2 days. Overall angiographic patency was 95.0% with LIMA patency of 97.9% (93 of 95). One patient with block in midsegment of LIMA was reoperated using cardiopulmonary bypass. Follow-up ranged from 4 to 17 months (mean 8.2+/-3.1 months). Two patients (one with narrowed LIMA to left anterior descending artery anastomosis, and one with patent anastomosis) had residual angina.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Coronary artery bypass grafting without cardiopulmonary bypass is a reproducible, effective, and safe option in selected group of patients. A conscientious approach in patient selection and route of operation is required.
authors.affiliation: Cardiothoracic Centre, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi. shivmeet@medinst.ernet.in
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bhan
authors.forename: S K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Choudhary
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mathur
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sahoo
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Agrawal
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Venugopal
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000714:Anastomosis, Surgical; D001026:Coronary Artery Bypass / Q000379:methods*; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000601:surgery*; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014654:Vascular Patency