title: Kainic acid induces distinct types of epileptiform discharge with differential involvement of hippocampus and neocortex.
abstract: Systemic administration of kainic acid (KA), an excitatory amino acid agonist, provides a model of epilepsy due to increased neural excitation. We examined discharges using multi-channel EEG recording and spectral analysis in rats implanted with neocortical and hippocampal electrodes after intravenous infusion of KA (10 mg/kg), until and including the first convulsive seizure. Gamma activity (30-80 Hz) increased in hippocampus from 3-9 min after KA administration. Two types of preconvulsive bilateral rhythmic discharges were observed, both consisting of generalised high voltage sharp waves at low frequencies (<10 Hz) mixed with fast oscillations (<20 Hz): (1) generalised non-convulsive discharges (GNCD) occurred in all animals and (2) spike-wave discharges (SW), predominantly localised in neocortex, occurred in 45% of animals. Convulsive seizure evolved out of a GNCD. Spectral profiles of epileptiform discharges were characterised by an increase in power of low (<10 Hz) and high (beta and gamma range, 20-80 Hz) frequencies which were differently expressed in neocortex and hippocampus. Thus, in this model of convulsive epilepsy caused by increased excitation, there is an early increase in gamma activity, a process that might contribute to synchronisation, and two distinct types of bilateral discharges, hippocampal-neocortical (GNCD) and preferentially neocortical (SW). Neocortical, not hippocampal, changes in EEG power correlated with development of convulsive behaviours.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine and Centre for Neuroscience, Flinders University and Medical Centre, Adelaide, South Australia.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Medvedev
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Mackenzie
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Hiscock
authors.forename: J O
authors.initials: JO
authors.lastname: Willoughby
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004569:Electroencephalography / Q000187:drug effects; D004827:Epilepsy / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D007608:Kainic Acid / Q000633:toxicity; D008297:Male; D019579:Neocortex / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012640:Seizures / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000503:physiopathology
chemical_list: D007608:Kainic Acid