title: The chemokine growth-related gene product beta protects rat cerebellar granule cells from apoptotic cell death through alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionate receptors.
abstract: Cultured cerebellar granule neurons are widely used as a cellular model to study mechanisms of neuronal cell death because they undergo programmed cell death when switched from a culture medium containing 25 mM to one containing 5 mM K(+). We have found that the growth-related gene product beta (GRObeta) partially prevents the K(+)-depletion-induced cell death, and that the neuroprotective action of GRObeta on granule cells is mediated through the alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionate (AMPA) type of ionotropic glutamate receptors. GRObeta-induced survival was suppressed by 6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione, which is a specific antagonist of AMPA/kainate receptors; it was not affected by the inhibitor of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors, 2-amino-5-phosphonopentanoic acid, and was comparable to the survival of granule cells induced by AMPA (10 microM) treatment. Moreover, GRObeta-induced neuroprotection was abolished when granule cells were treated with antisense oligonucleotides specific for the AMPA receptor subunits, which significantly reduced receptor expression, as verified by Western blot analysis with subunit-specific antibodies and by granule cell electrophysiological sensitivity to AMPA. Our data demonstrate that GRObeta is neurotrophic for cerebellar granule cells, and that this activity depends on AMPA receptors.
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale e Patologia, Universita' di Roma "La Sapienza," 00161 Rome, Italy. limatola@axrma.uniroma1.it
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Limatola
authors.forename: M T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Ciotti
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Mercanti
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Vacca
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ragozzino
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Giovannelli
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Santoni
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Eusebi
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Miledi
mesh_terms: D015763:2-Amino-5-phosphonovalerate / Q000494:pharmacology; D018750:6-Cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D014151:Anti-Anxiety Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D001569:Benzodiazepines; D002525:Cerebellar Cortex / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects*; D019743:Chemokines, CXC; D002630:Chemotactic Factors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018076:DNA, Complementary / Q000235:genetics; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D006133:Growth Substances / Q000494:pharmacology*; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000494:pharmacology; D015640:Ion Channel Gating; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D020319:Oligodeoxyribonucleotides, Antisense / Q000494:pharmacology; D011188:Potassium / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000502:physiology; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D018091:Receptors, AMPA / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D016194:Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D014151:Anti-Anxiety Agents; D019743:Chemokines, CXC; D002630:Chemotactic Factors; D018076:DNA, Complementary; D006133:Growth Substances; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D016209:Interleukin-8; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D020319:Oligodeoxyribonucleotides, Antisense; D018091:Receptors, AMPA; D016194:Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; C061950:GYKI 52466; D001569:Benzodiazepines; D018750:6-Cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione; D015763:2-Amino-5-phosphonovalerate; D011188:Potassium