Scapular Winging.
Scapular winging, one of the more common scapulothoracic disorders, is caused by a number of pathologic conditions. It can be classified as primary, secondary, or voluntary. Primary scapular winging may be due to neurologic injury, pathologic changes in the bone, or periscapular soft-tissue abnormalities. Secondary scapular winging occurs as a result of glenohumeral and subacromial conditions and resolves after the primary pathologic condition has been addressed. Voluntary scapular winging is not caused by an anatomic disorder and may be associated with underlying psychological issues. The evaluation and treatment of these three types are discussed.
Kuhn
JE
Division of Sports Medicine, Section of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor.
Plancher
KD
Hawkins
RJ