title: Immunotherapy for recurrent miscarriage.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Immunologic aberrations might be the cause of recurrent early pregnancy loss in some women.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this review was to assess the effects of leukocyte immunisation or other immunologic treatments such as intravenous immune globulin (IVIG) on the live birth rate in women with previous unexplained recurrent miscarriages.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Cochrane Pregnancy and Childbirth Group trials register was searched. Individual patient data were obtained from the American Society for Reproductive Immunology and by MEDLINE search. Date of last search: December 1999.
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomised trials of immunotherapy in women with three or more prior miscarriages, no more than one live birth, all non-immunologic causes ruled out and no simultaneous treatment intervention.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eligibility and trial quality were assessed by one reviewer.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eighteen trials of high quality were included. The various forms of immunotherapy did not show significant differences between treatment and control groups. For paternal cell immunisation, the odds ratios was 1.05, 95% confidence interval 0.75 to 1.47. For third party donor cell immunization, the odds ratio was 1.39, 95% confidence interval 0.68 to 2.82. For trophoblast membrane infusion the odds ratio was 0.40, 95% confidence interval 0.11 to 1.45. For intravenous immune globulin (IVIG), the odds ratio was 1.14, 95% confidence interval 0. 66 to 1.95.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Paternal cell immunization, third party donor leukocytes, trophoblast membranes, and IVIG provide no significant beneficial effect over placebo in preventing further miscarriages.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Utah Medical Centre, 50 North Medical Drive, Salt Lake City, Utah 84132, USA. jscott@hsc.utah.edu
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Scott
mesh_terms: D000026:Abortion, Habitual / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007167:Immunotherapy; D011247:Pregnancy