title: Anti-idiotype RNAs that mimic the leucine-rich nuclear export signal and specifically bind to CRM1/exportin 1.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Anti-idiotype approaches are based on the assumption that an antibody recognising a ligand can be structurally related to the receptor. Recently we have generated anti-idiotype RNA aptamers designed to mimic the human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) Rev nuclear export signal (NES). Nuclear injection of either NES-peptide conjugates or aptamer causes the inhibition of Rev-mediated export. This implied that NES mimics and export substrate might compete for binding to the NES receptor. The mechanism of inhibition, however, is unknown.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The interaction between the export aptamer and CRM1 was characterised in vitro. The aptamer binds specifically to CRM1 and this interaction is sensitive to competition by Rev NES-peptide conjugates. The recognition domain of CRM1 has been mapped and includes residues found previously to affect binding of leptomycin B, a fungicide interfering with nuclear export.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Inhibition of Rev-mediated export in vivo by export aptamers appears to result from the binding of the aptamers to the NES-recognition domain of CRM1. This observation demonstrates that anti-idiotype RNA can mimic faithfully structural and functional properties of a protein and can be used to map ligand-binding domains of receptors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 5EH, UK. J.HAMM@dundee.ac.uk
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hamm
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fornerod
mesh_terms: D000903:Antibiotics, Antineoplastic / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D000888:Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D001666:Binding Sites, Antibody; D001692:Biological Transport; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000378:metabolism*; D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D015694:Gene Products, rev / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D015497:HIV-1; D006801:Humans; D028884:Karyopherins; D007930:Leucine / Q000378:metabolism; D018716:Molecular Mimicry; D009690:Nucleic Acid Conformation; D010455:Peptides / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D012313:RNA / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D054321:rev Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus; D000097606:Exportin 1 Protein
chemical_list: D000903:Antibiotics, Antineoplastic; D000888:Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated; D015694:Gene Products, rev; D028884:Karyopherins; D007930:Leucine; D010455:Peptides; D012313:RNA; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear; D014157:Transcription Factors; D054321:rev Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus; D000097606:Exportin 1 Protein; C038753:leptomycin B