title: Reliability of initial chest radiographs in the diagnosis of blunt diaphragmatic rupture.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Preoperative diagnosis of blunt diaphragamatic rupture is difficult and missed injuries can lead to severe late complications. The aim of this study was to assess the value and reliability of initial chest radiographs in diagnosing blunt diaphragmatic rupture.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective analysis of initial radiographs of 18 patients with blunt diaphragmatic rupture treated at two Greek Trauma Centers was performed. The chest radiograph was the primary diagnostic radiological tool in all of cases, and the findings were confirmed at operation in all cases.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The preoperative diagnosis of blunt diaphragmatic rupture on the basis of chest radiographs was made in 16 out 18 patients (89%). The presence of air-containing viscera and an elevated nasogastric tube above the level of the left hemidiaphragm were the most specific signs. Although elevation of the hemidiaphragm was seen in all 18 cases, it is non-specific. A marked elevation of the right hemidiaphragm (more than 6 cm above the level of the left diaphragm), however, was a strong sign of right diaphragmatic rupture.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In spite of the availability of newer diagnostic imaging techniques, the initial chest radiograph is very reliable in detecting most cases with blunt diaphragmatic rupture, and together with high index of suspicion and sound clinical assessment remain the cornerstone in diagnosing these challenging injuries.
authors.affiliation: Second Department of Surgery, General Hospital Asclepeion Voulas, Athens, Greece. Pikoulis@hellasnet.gr
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Pikoulis
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Delis
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Scandalakis
authors.forename: A K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Leppäiniemi
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Derlopas
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Geranios
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mantonakis
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003964:Diaphragm / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000293:injuries*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011859:Radiography; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012421:Rupture; D014949:Wounds, Nonpenetrating / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*