title: Contralateral approach to junctional C2-C3 and proximal C4 aneurysms of the internal carotid artery: microsurgical anatomic study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate a contralateral approach to aneurysms located in the internal carotid artery cave and proximal C4 segments.
  
  
  METHODS
  In six adult cadaveric head sides, proposed aneurysms in the carotid cave or proximal C4 segments were approached via contralateral craniotomies. We summarize the approach in the following steps: 1) frontotemporal orbital craniotomy, 2) drilling of the lateral sphenoid wing and opening of the dura along the frontotemporal base, 3) drilling of the planum sphenoidale and the tuberculum sellae more extensively toward the aneurysm side and opening of the sphenoid sinus, 4) drilling of the medial part of the anterior clinoid process on the side of the aneurysm and removal of the superior, medial, and inferior walls of the optic canal, 5) opening of the optic sleeve, and 6) opening of the space between the medial wall of the internal carotid artery C2-C3 segments and the lateral edge of the pituitary gland.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The contralateral approach to expose the opposite internal carotid artery cave and proximal C4 segments provided excellent views of the region, without mobilization or retraction of either the optic nerve or the carotid artery.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We recommend that this approach be used only for selected aneurysms, which are small and directed medially, anteriorly, or inferiorly, in the defined locations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, King Fahd Hospital of the University, King Faisal University, Al-Khobar, Saudi Arabia. bassem1ns@sheikh.com
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Sheikh
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ohata
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: El-Naggar
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Baba
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hakuba
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002340:Carotid Artery Diseases / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D002343:Carotid Artery, Internal / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D003399:Craniotomy / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D002532:Intracranial Aneurysm / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D008866:Microsurgery / Q000379:methods