title: On the behavior of closed tibial fractures: clinical/radiological correlations.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To review the treatment of closed diaphyseal tibial fractures with functional braces and to identify patient and fracture characteristics, as well as possible correlations, that could be used to determine final outcomes.
  
  
  METHODS
  A comprehensive review of data obtained from 1,000 diaphyseal tibial fractures.
  
  
  METHODS
  Major university teaching hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Identification of patient and fracture characteristics, including type and level of fracture, initial shortening and angulation, and severity of injury, to be correlated with final shortening and angulation and speed of healing.
  
  
  METHODS
  Degree of shortening and angulation; speed of healing.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Neither the level nor the type of tibial fracture significantly influenced healing time, although there was a considerably higher probability of delayed union in fractures produced from vehicular accidents, as well as in comminuted and segmental fractures. Any delay in application of the functional brace resulted in slower healing. Maximum shortening of the fractures occurred at the time of the initial injury, with no additional shortening experienced after the introduction of graduated weight-bearing ambulation. Compared with a mean initial shortening of 4.25 millimeters, the overall final shortening of fractures was 4.28 millimeters.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Correlations exist between patient and fracture characteristics that influence the final outcome for closed diaphyseal fractures treated with functional braces.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, University of Miami, Florida, USA.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sarmiento
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001915:Braces / Q000009:adverse effects; D005260:Female; D005531:Foot Deformities, Acquired / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D005592:Fracture Fixation / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods; D017102:Fracture Healing / Q000502:physiology; D005596:Fractures, Closed / Q000145:classification / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000628:therapy; D005599:Fractures, Ununited / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D015601:Injury Severity Score; D007870:Leg Length Inequality / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D011859:Radiography; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D013978:Tibial Fractures / Q000145:classification / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000628:therapy