title: Increased metalloproteinase activity, oxidant production, and emphysema in surfactant protein D gene-inactivated mice.
abstract: Targeted ablation of the surfactant protein D (SP-D) gene caused chronic inflammation, emphysema, and fibrosis in the lungs of SP-D (-/-) mice. Although lung morphology was unperturbed during the first 2 weeks of life, airspace enlargement was observed by 3 weeks and progressed with advancing age. Inflammation consisted of hypertrophic alveolar macrophages and peribronchiolar-perivascular monocytic infiltrates. These abnormalities were associated with increased activity of the matrix metalloproteinases, MMP2 and MMP9, and immunostaining for MMP9 and MMP12 in alveolar macrophages. Hydrogen peroxide production by isolated alveolar macrophages also was increased significantly (10-fold). SP-D plays a critical role in the suppression of alveolar macrophage activation, which may contribute to the pathogenesis of chronic inflammation and emphysema.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pulmonary Biology, Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229-3039, USA.
authors.forename: S E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Wert
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yoshida
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: LeVine
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ikegami
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: G F
authors.initials: GF
authors.lastname: Ross
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Fisher
authors.forename: T R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Korfhagen
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Whitsett
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001992:Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid / Q000737:chemistry / Q000166:cytology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D017077:Culture Media, Conditioned; D016207:Cytokines / Q000032:analysis; D004790:Enzyme Induction; D006023:Glycoproteins / Q000172:deficiency / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000378:metabolism*; D008262:Macrophage Activation; D016676:Macrophages, Alveolar / Q000378:metabolism*; D053508:Matrix Metalloproteinase 12; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D008666:Metalloendopeptidases / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D011656:Pulmonary Emphysema / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D011658:Pulmonary Fibrosis / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D037663:Pulmonary Surfactant-Associated Protein D; D011663:Pulmonary Surfactants / Q000172:deficiency / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D017077:Culture Media, Conditioned; D016207:Cytokines; D006023:Glycoproteins; D037663:Pulmonary Surfactant-Associated Protein D; D011663:Pulmonary Surfactants; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D008666:Metalloendopeptidases; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9; D053508:Matrix Metalloproteinase 12