title: Ultrasound guided core biopsy of suspicious mammographic calcifications using high frequency and power Doppler ultrasound.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The pre-operative diagnosis of suspicious mammographic microcalcifications usually requires stereotactic needle biopsy. The aim of this study was to evaluate if high frequency 13 MHz ultrasound (HFUS) and power Doppler (PD) can aid visualization and biopsy of microcalcifications.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-four consecutive patients presenting with microcalcifications without associated mammographic or palpable masses were examined with HFUS and PD. Ultrasound-guided core biopsy (USCB) was performed where possible. Stereotactic biopsy was carried out when US-guided biopsy was unsuccessful. Surgery was performed if a diagnosis of malignancy was made on core biopsy or if the repeat core biopsy was non-diagnostic.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Forty-one patients (93%) had ultrasound abnormalities corresponding to mammographic calcification. USCB was performed on 37 patients. In 29/37, USCB obtained a definitive result (78.4%). USCB was non-diagnostic in 4/9 benign (44.4%) and 4/28 (14.3%) malignant lesions biopsied. The complete and absolute sensitivities for malignancy using USCB were 85.7% (24/28) and 81% (23/28), respectively. USCB correctly identified invasive disease in 12/23 (52.2%) cases. There was no significant difference in the presence of abnormal flow on PD between benign and malignant lesions. However, abnormal PD vascularity was present in 43.5% of invasive cancer and was useful in directing successful biopsy in eight cases.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The combination of high frequency US with PD is useful in the detection and guidance of successful needle biopsy of microcalcifications particularly where there is an invasive focus within larger areas of DCIS.
authors.affiliation: Nottingham Breast Screening Centre, Nottingham, U.K.
authors.forename: W L
authors.initials: WL
authors.lastname: Teh
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Evans
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Burrell
authors.forename: S E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Pinder
authors.forename: I O
authors.initials: IO
authors.lastname: Ellis
mesh_terms: D001707:Biopsy, Needle / Q000379:methods; D001941:Breast Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D002114:Calcinosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008327:Mammography; D011446:Prospective Studies; D018608:Ultrasonography, Doppler; D018084:Ultrasonography, Interventional / Q000379:methods*; D016217:Ultrasonography, Mammary / Q000379:methods*