title: Remnant-like particle-cholesterol concentrations in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and end-stage renal disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Lipid abnormalities contribute significantly to the increased risk of cardiovascular disease in diabetic and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients. Accumulating evidence supports a proatherogenic role for remnant lipoproteins. Thus, the aim of the present study was to compare remnant-like particle-cholesterol (RLP-C) in type 2 diabetic and ESRD patients with age- and gender-matched controls.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using an immunoaffinity assay, we measured RLP-C concentrations in 48 type 2 diabetic patients with (n = 24) and without (n = 24) macrovascular complications, and 24 age- and gender-matched controls, as well as in 38 ESRD patients on hemodialysis (n = 19) and peritoneal dialysis (n = 19), and 19 age- and gender-matched controls.
  
  
  RESULTS
  RLP-C correlated significantly with plasma triglycerides (TGs; r = 0.8). When compared with controls, RLP-C concentrations were significantly higher in type 2 diabetic patients with and without macrovascular complications (median, 0.22 and 0.17 mmol/L vs 0.14 mmol/L; P <0.0002 and <0.01, respectively); diabetic patients with macrovascular complications also had significantly higher RLP-C than diabetic patients without macrovascular complications (P <0.05). However, when RLP-C/TG ratios were computed, only diabetic patients with macrovascular complications showed significantly higher RLP-C/TG ratios compared with controls (P <0.05). Regarding ESRD, RLP-C concentrations were significantly increased in patients on both hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis compared with controls (median, 0.23 and 0.21 mmol/L vs 0.13 mmol/L; P <0.0001). Whereas RLP-C was increased in ESRD patients on hemodialysis with TGs <2.26 mmol/L compared with controls, RLP-C/TG ratios were not significantly increased in these patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Type 2 diabetic patients with macrovascular disease demonstrated increased RLP-C and RLP-C/TG ratios, whereas ESRD patients showed only increased RLP-C concentrations.
authors.affiliation: Division of Clinical Biochemistry and Human Metabolism, Dallas, TX 75235, USA.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hirany
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: O'Byrne
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Devaraj
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Jialal
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001053:Apolipoproteins / Q000097:blood*; D002784:Cholesterol; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007118:Immunoassay; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000097:blood* / Q000628:therapy; D008074:Lipoproteins / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010530:Peritoneal Dialysis; D006435:Renal Dialysis; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood*; D014652:Vascular Diseases / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications
chemical_list: D001053:Apolipoproteins; D008074:Lipoproteins; D014280:Triglycerides; C112017:remnant-like particle cholesterol; D002784:Cholesterol