title: Neuromonitoring and neurocognitive outcome in off-pump versus conventional coronary bypass operation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cardiopulmonary bypass seems to be a major cause for both intraoperative microemboli and cerebral hypoperfusion. This study investigates high intensive transient signals (HITS) in transcranial Doppler ultrasound (TCD) and serum levels of the neurobiochemical marker protein S-100 in patients who underwent coronary artery bypass operation without cardiopulmonary bypass (off-pump CABG) in comparison with the conventional procedure using cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). The results are related to the neuropsychologic outcome in both surgical groups.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty patients were randomized in 2 groups (20 conventional and 20 off-pump CABG). Neurocognitive status was assessed preoperatively and postoperatively. Venous serum levels of S-100 protein were measured before and after coronary operation, HITS were measured in the middle cerebral artery during the operation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The median value of HITS was 394.5 (0 to 2217) in the conventional versus 11 (0 to 50) in the off-pump group, p less than 0.0001. Postoperative S-100 serum levels were: 3.76 (0.13 to 11.2) microg/L (conventional) versus 0.13 (0.04 to 1.01) microg/L (off-pump), p less than 0.0001. Postoperative cognitive testing showed significantly different results with a postoperative impairment of 90% of the patients in the conventional group versus no impairment in the off-pump group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cognitive impairment seems to be strongly associated to CPB and the occurrence of micro-emboli. The off-pump technique appears to be promising in order to eliminate the source of these neuropyschologic impairments following CABG operation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiac Surgery, Herzzentrum, Universität Leipzig, Germany.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Diegeler
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hirsch
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Schneider
authors.forename: L O
authors.initials: LO
authors.lastname: Schilling
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Falk
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Rauch
authors.forename: F W
authors.initials: FW
authors.lastname: Mohr
mesh_terms: D002315:Cardiopulmonary Bypass / Q000009:adverse effects*; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000209:etiology*; D001026:Coronary Artery Bypass / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009418:S100 Proteins / Q000097:blood*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D009418:S100 Proteins