title: Sirolimus in association with mycophenolate mofetil induction for the prevention of acute graft rejection in renal allograft recipients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A previous trial in renal transplantation comparing sirolimus (rapamycin) to cyclosporine (CsA) in a triple-drug therapy regimen with azathioprine and corticosteroids found that the incidence of acute rejection was similar (approximately 40%) with a trend for better renal function with sirolimus.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 14 European centers, first cadaveric renal allograft recipients were randomized to receive sirolimus (n = 40) or CsA (n = 38) in an open-label design. All patients received corticosteroids and mycophenolate mofetil 2 g/day. Sirolimus and CsA were concentration controlled; trough levels of mycophenolic acid and prednisolone were also measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At 12 months, graft survival (92.5% sirolimus vs. 89.5% CsA), patient survival (97.5% sirolimus vs. 94.7% CsA), and the incidence of biopsy-proven acute rejection (27.5% sirolimus vs. 18.4% CsA) were not statistically different. The use of antibodies to treat suspected rejection episodes was also similar (7.5% sirolimus vs. 5.3% CsA). More sirolimus patients received bolus steroid therapy (20 vs. 11, P = 0.068). From month 2 onward, the calculated glomerular filtration rate was consistently higher in sirolimus-treated patients. The adverse events reported more frequently with sirolimus were thrombocytopenia (45% vs. 8%) and diarrhea (38% vs. 11%). In the CsA group, increased creatinine (18% vs. 39%), hyperuricemia (3% vs. 18%), cytomegalovirus infection (5% vs. 21%), and tremor (5% vs. 21%) were observed significantly more often.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patient and graft survival and the incidence of biopsy-proven acute rejection at 12 months were comparable between sirolimus and CsA, whereas safety profiles were different. These data suggest that sirolimus may be used as primary therapy for the prevention of acute rejection.
authors.affiliation: Hôpital Necker, Paris, France.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kreis
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Cisterne
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Land
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wramner
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Squifflet
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Abramowicz
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Campistol
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Morales
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Grinyo
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Mourad
authors.forename: F C
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Berthoux
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Brattström
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lebranchu
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Vialtel
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002648:Child; D016572:Cyclosporine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D006084:Graft Rejection / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016030:Kidney Transplantation; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009173:Mycophenolic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D020123:Sirolimus / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014184:Transplantation, Homologous
chemical_list: D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D016572:Cyclosporine; D009173:Mycophenolic Acid; D020123:Sirolimus