title: Dopamine as a novel antioxidative agent for rat vascular smooth muscle cells through dopamine D(1)-like receptors.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  To elucidate the roles of vascular D(1)-like receptors in atherosclerosis, the effects of the specific D(1)-like agonists on platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-BB-mediated oxidative stress in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) were studied.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated the coexistence of D(1A) and D(1B) dopamine receptors in VSMCs. Western blotting revealed a band of approximately 70 kDa for D(1A) and D(1B) dopamine receptors. VSMCs stimulated by PDGF-BB exhibited increased oxidative stress directly measured by flow cytometry. These effects were prevented by dopamine, SKF 38393, or YM 435, and this prevention was reversed by Sch 23390. These effects were blocked by a specific protein kinase A (PKA) inhibitor, N-(2-[p-bromocinnamylamino]ethyl)-5-isoquinolinesulfonamide (H 89). The PDGF-BB-mediated increase in oxidative stress of VSMCs was significantly suppressed by the indirect phospholipase D (PLD) inhibitor suramin or the specific protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor calphostin C. Both antisense but neither sense nor scrambled oligonucleotides to D(1A) and D(1B) receptors inhibited dopamine-induced suppression of increase in oxidative stress of VSMCs induced by PDGF-BB.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings suggest that vascular D(1)-like receptors (D(1A) and D(1B) receptors) inhibit any increase in oxidative stress of VSMCs, possibly through activation of PKA and suppression of PLD and PKC.
authors.affiliation: First Department of Internal Medicine, Osaka City University Medical School, Osaka, Japan.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yasunari
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kohno
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kano
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Minami
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yoshikawa
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001552:Benzazepines / Q000494:pharmacology; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D017868:Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases / Q000502:physiology; D004298:Dopamine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018491:Dopamine Agonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D018492:Dopamine Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D009131:Muscle, Smooth, Vascular / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D016376:Oligonucleotides, Antisense / Q000494:pharmacology; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D010739:Phospholipase D / Q000502:physiology; D010982:Platelet-Derived Growth Factor / Q000494:pharmacology; D011493:Protein Kinase C / Q000502:physiology; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D017447:Receptors, Dopamine D1 / Q000819:agonists / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D001552:Benzazepines; D018491:Dopamine Agonists; D018492:Dopamine Antagonists; D016376:Oligonucleotides, Antisense; D010982:Platelet-Derived Growth Factor; D017447:Receptors, Dopamine D1; D017868:Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases; D011493:Protein Kinase C; D010739:Phospholipase D; D004298:Dopamine