title: Operation for partial atrioventricular septal defect: a forty-year review.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We describe the long-term outcome of repair of partial atrioventricular septal defect by determining the rates of survival, reoperation, and occurrence of left atrioventricular valve regurgitation, left atrioventricular valve stenosis, left ventricular outflow tract obstruction, and arrhythmia.
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied 334 patients who underwent repair of partial atrioventricular septal defect before 1995.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The 30-day and 5-, 10-, 20-, and 40-year survival were 98%, 94%, 93%, 87%, and 76%, respectively. Closure of the left atrioventricular valve cleft (P =. 03) and age less than 20 years at operation (P <.001) were associated with better survival. Reoperation was performed for 38 patients (11%). Repair of residual/recurrent left atrioventricular valve regurgitation or stenosis was the most common reason for reoperation. Left ventricular outflow tract obstruction occurred in 36 patients, and 7 patients underwent reoperation to relieve this obstruction. Supraventricular arrhythmias were observed in 58 patients (16%) after the operation. Supraventricular arrhythmias increased with increasing age at primary operation (P =.001). Complete atrioventricular block occurred in 9 patients (3%). Permanent pacemakers were implanted in 11 patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Long-term survival after repair of partial atrioventricular septal defect is good. It is important to close the cleft in the left atrioventricular valve. Reoperation for persistent or recurrent left atrioventricular valve malfunction and relief of left ventricular outflow tract obstruction is necessary in approximately 11% of patients.
authors.affiliation: Section of Pediatric Cardiology, the Division of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, and the Section of Biostatistics, Mayo Clinic and Mayo Foundation, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
authors.forename: E K
authors.initials: EK
authors.lastname: El-Najdawi
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Driscoll
authors.forename: F J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Puga
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Dearani
authors.forename: B E
authors.initials: BE
authors.lastname: Spotts
authors.forename: D W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Mahoney
authors.forename: G K
authors.initials: GK
authors.lastname: Danielson
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004452:Echocardiography; D005260:Female; D006344:Heart Septal Defects, Atrial / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery*; D006345:Heart Septal Defects, Ventricular / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery*; D006346:Heart Septum / Q000601:surgery; D006351:Heart Valves / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D012008:Recurrence; D012086:Reoperation; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015996:Survival Rate; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome