title: Age-related changes in the absorption characteristics of the primate lens.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To quantitate aging of the primate lens by changes in the absorption characteristics that are related to the yellowing of lens protein.
  
  
  METHODS
  The lenses of lower primates and humans were sectioned anterior to posterior every 0.25 mm, and the UV-visible spectrum of each section was measured to determine the cumulative spectra along the visual axis. The ratio of the absorbance at 320 nm (formed with aging) to the absorbance at 365 nm (present in the young lens) was correlated with the age of the lens.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the young primate UV-B is transmitted to the retina, and UV-A is transmitted to the nucleus of the lens. By puberty, changes in the absorption characteristics of the lens that are associated with the yellowing of lens protein prevented most of the UV-B from reaching the retina and by the eighth decade, the transmittances at 320 and 365 nm to the nucleus of the lens were approximately 40% and 79%, respectively. A linear relationship between the ratio of absorbance at 320 to 365 nm and age was found for both lower primates and humans to the age of 80 years. This is surprising, because the maximum life span of the lower primate is approximately 35 years, whereas humans may live 100 years.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data suggest that the observed spectral changes associated with the yellowing of the lens are the result of a chronological process, such as chemical or photochemical modifications, not biological aging.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb 60115-2862, USA. gaillard@niu.edu
authors.forename: E R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Gaillard
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Merriam
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dillon
mesh_terms: D000042:Absorption; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology*; D000818:Animals; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003459:Crystallins / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007737:Kynurenine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000378:metabolism; D007908:Lens, Crystalline / Q000502:physiology* / Q000528:radiation effects*; D008027:Light; D008253:Macaca mulatta; D008875:Middle Aged
chemical_list: D003459:Crystallins; C005045:3-hydroxykynurenine; D007737:Kynurenine