title: An efficient recombination system for chromosome engineering in Escherichia coli.
abstract: A recombination system has been developed for efficient chromosome engineering in Escherichia coli by using electroporated linear DNA. A defective lambda prophage supplies functions that protect and recombine an electroporated linear DNA substrate in the bacterial cell. The use of recombination eliminates the requirement for standard cloning as all novel joints are engineered by chemical synthesis in vitro and the linear DNA is efficiently recombined into place in vivo. The technology and manipulations required are simple and straightforward. A temperature-dependent repressor tightly controls prophage expression, and, thus, recombination functions can be transiently supplied by shifting cultures to 42 degrees C for 15 min. The efficient prophage recombination system does not require host RecA function and depends primarily on Exo, Beta, and Gam functions expressed from the defective lambda prophage. The defective prophage can be moved to other strains and can be easily removed from any strain. Gene disruptions and modifications of both the bacterial chromosome and bacterial plasmids are possible. This system will be especially useful for the engineering of large bacterial plasmids such as those from bacterial artificial chromosome libraries.
authors.affiliation: Gene Regulation and Chromosome Biology Laboratory and Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, National Cancer Institute, Division of Basic Science, National Cancer Institute/Frederick Cancer Research and Development Center, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: H M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Ellis
authors.forename: E C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: N A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Jenkins
authors.forename: N G
authors.initials: NG
authors.lastname: Copeland
authors.forename: D L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Court
mesh_terms: D010582:Bacteriophage lambda / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D002876:Chromosomes, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics*; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D004274:DNA, Recombinant / Q000235:genetics; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D003673:Defective Viruses / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000235:genetics*; D005090:Exodeoxyribonucleases / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D005798:Genes, Bacterial; D005818:Genetic Engineering / Q000379:methods*; D009838:Oligodeoxyribonucleotides / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000235:genetics; D009876:Operon; D010957:Plasmids / Q000235:genetics; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011995:Recombination, Genetic; D013696:Temperature; D014169:Transformation, Bacterial; D014764:Viral Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D004274:DNA, Recombinant; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D009838:Oligodeoxyribonucleotides; D014764:Viral Proteins; C118730:beta protein, Bacteriophage lambda; C065410:gam protein, Coliphage; D005090:Exodeoxyribonucleases; C043586:exo protein, Bacteriophage lambda