title: Modulation of the formalin-induced nociceptive response by diabetes: possible involvement of intracellular calcium.
abstract: We examined the involvement of cytosolic calcium in the modulation of the formalin-induced nociceptive response by diabetes. Injection of formalin into the hindpaw of mice produced a biphasic nociceptive response consisting of immediate (first phase) and tonic (second phase) components. Although the duration of the first-phase response was significantly longer in diabetic mice than in non-diabetic mice, the second phase was significantly shorter in diabetic mice. The first-phase response was dose-dependently and significantly reduced by pretreatment with ryanodine, which blocks Ca(2+) release from Ca(2+)/caffeine-sensitive microsomal pools. The second-phase response was also significantly increased when diabetic mice were pretreated with ryanodine. However, ryanodine had no significant effect on either the first-phase or second-phase response in non-diabetic mice. On the other hand, pretreatment with thapsigargin, which inhibits Ca(2+) uptake into the inositol-1,4, 5-trisphosphate-sensitive microsomal Ca(2+) pool, significantly enhanced the first-phase response in non-diabetic mice. Furthermore, thapsigargin significantly and dose-dependently reduced the second phase of the formalin-induced nociceptive response in non-diabetic mice. Thapsigargin administered i.t. did not significantly affect either the first- or the second-phase response in diabetic mice. These results suggest that the change in the formalin-induced nociceptive response in diabetic mice may be due, at least in part, to the modification of nociceptive transmission in the spinal cord by intracellular calcium.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathophysiology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hoshi University, 4-41, Ebara 2-chome, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, Japan. kamei@hoshi.ac.jp
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kamei
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Taki
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ohsawa
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hitosugi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism*; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000378:metabolism; D003929:Diabetic Neuropathies / Q000378:metabolism*; D004202:Disinfectants; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D005557:Formaldehyde; D007278:Injections, Spinal; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D009475:Neurons, Afferent / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D009619:Nociceptors / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D012433:Ryanodine / Q000494:pharmacology; D019284:Thapsigargin / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D004202:Disinfectants; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D012433:Ryanodine; D005557:Formaldehyde; D019284:Thapsigargin; D002118:Calcium