title: Immunization coverage among predominantly Hispanic children, aged 2-3 years, in central Los Angeles.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the immunization status of young children in a predominantly Hispanic region in and around downtown Los Angeles, and factors associated with complete immunization by age 24 months.
  
  
  METHODS
  The information was gathered in a two-stage cluster survey with probability proportionate to estimated size (PPS) sampling of 30 clusters at the first stage, and simple random sampling of a constant number of children at the second stage. Vaccination coverage was determined by a review of the home immunization (HI) card, or of clinic records.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 270 sampled children, 91.5% were Hispanic and 6.7% were Black. Home telephone numbers were not available in 24.8% of the homes, and 34.1% reported having no health insurance. Vaccination coverage was over 90% for the first three doses of Diphtheria, tetanus toxoids and pertussis/ diphtheria, tetanus toxoids and acellular pertussis vaccine (DTP/DTaP)/Diphtheria and tetanus toxoids vaccine (DT), first two doses of poliovirus (Polio) vaccine, first dose of measles, mumps and rubella (MMR) vaccine, and first two doses of hepatitis B (Hep B) vaccine. Yet, by age 24 months, only 72.2% of the children had received the combined series of 4:3:1 (i.e., four DTP/DTaP/DT, three Polio, one MMR). This was further reduced to 64.4% for the combined series of 4:3:1:3:3 (i.e., four DTP/DTaP/ DT, three Polio, one MMR, three Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib), three Hep B). Factors associated with completed on-time vaccination were having an HI card available during the interview and being enrolled in Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants and Children (WIC).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  While vaccination levels for individual antigens were found to be high, more emphasis needs to be placed on getting preschool children vaccinated on-time according to the Recommended Childhood Immunization Schedule.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1772, USA.
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Shaheen
authors.forename: R R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Frerichs
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Alexopoulos
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Rainey
mesh_terms: D002675:Child, Preschool; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D005260:Female; D006306:Health Surveys; D006630:Hispanic or Latino / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D007114:Immunization / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D007115:Immunization Schedule; D015141:Los Angeles / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008913:Minority Groups / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D014611:Vaccination / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D014612:Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage
chemical_list: D014612:Vaccines