title: Optimized enhancement in helical CT: experiences with a real-time bolus tracking system in 628 patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Ultrafast detector technology enables bolus-triggered application of contrast media. In a prospective study we investigated the benefit of this new method with the intention of optimizing enhancement during examination of the chest and abdomen.
  
  
  METHODS
  In total, we examined 548 patients under standardized conditions. All examinations were performed on a Somatom Plus 4 Power CT system (Siemens Corp., Forchheim, Germany) using the CARE-Bolus software. This produces repetitive low-dose test images (e.g. for the lung: 140 kV, 43 mA, TI 0.5 s) and measures the Hounsfield attenuation in a pre-selected region of interest. After exceeding a defined threshold, a diagnostic spiral CT examination was begun automatically. The data obtained from 321 abdominal CT and 179 lung CT examinations were correlated with different parameters such as age, weight and height of the patients and parameters of vascular access. In a group of 80 patients, the injection of contrast medium was stopped after reaching a pre-defined threshold of an increase of 100 HU over the baseline. Then, we assessed the maximal enhancement of liver, pulmonal artery trunk and aortic arch.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was no correlation between bolus geometry and age, body surface or weight. In helical CT of the abdomen the threshold was reached after a mean trigger time of 27 s (range 13-67 s) and only 65 ml (range 41-105 ml) of contrast medium were administered. In helical CT of the lung the threshold was reached after 21 s (range 12-48 s) and the mean amount of administered contrast medium was 48 ml (range 38-71 ml).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Bolus triggering allows optimized enhancement of the organs and reduces the dose of contrast material required compared with standard administration.
authors.affiliation: Klinik für Radiologische Diagnostik und Nuklearmedizin, Katholisches Marienhospital Herne, Universitätsklinik der Ruhr- Universität Bochum, Germany.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kirchner
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kickuth
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Laufer
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Noack
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Liermann
mesh_terms: D000008:Abdominal Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011655:Pulmonary Embolism / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D012737:Sex Factors; D013899:Thoracic Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media