title: Latissimus dorsi reverse flap to substitute the diaphragm after extrapleural pneumonectomy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The standard procedure for diaphragm reconstruction after extrapleural pneumonectomy for a malignancy consists of the use of prosthetic patches. Our original technique utilizing the reverse flap of the latissimus dorsi is evaluated.
  
  
  METHODS
  Once the extrapleural pneumonectomy is performed, the distal portion of the latissimus dorsi, which has been divided with a standard posterolateral thoracotomy at the level of the fifth to sixth rib, is elevated into the chest through the passage obtained by resection of the tenth rib and sutured to the lower pericardium and to the chest wall. Nine patients were evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No operative death occurred. No flap-related complication nor infection was postoperatively assessed. Six patients received adjuvant radiotherapy. No late complication was observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The distal latissimus dorsi can be used for total reconstruction of one hemidiaphragm, ensuring a watertight separation between the pleural and peritoneal cavities and avoiding paradoxical respiratory motion. In our opinion, the technique was easier, faster, and more reliable than the standard procedure employing prosthetic materials. We recommend that the procedure be integrated with the standard technique of extrapleural pneumonectomy.
authors.affiliation: Division of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Institute, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: A V
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Bedini
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Andreani
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Muscolino
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002813:Chondrosarcoma / Q000601:surgery; D003964:Diaphragm / Q000601:surgery*; D006393:Hemangiopericytoma / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D008654:Mesothelioma / Q000601:surgery*; D008875:Middle Aged; D010997:Pleural Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*; D011013:Pneumonectomy; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures; D013524:Surgical Flaps