title: Distinguishing illness severity from tic severity in children and adolescents with Tourette's disorder.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine whether tic severity, comorbid disorders, or both are associated with illness morbidity in youths with Tourette's disorder (TD).
  
  
  METHODS
  Subjects were 156 consecutively referred youths (aged 5-20 years) who met DSM-III-R criteria for Tourette's disorder at a major academic medical center. All subjects were evaluated with a clinical interview by a child and adolescent psychiatrist and an assessment battery that included the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children-Epidemiologic version. Statistical analysis used chi 2 and multivariate logistic regression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Nineteen (12%) of the 156 youths with TD required psychiatric hospitalization. Current age, TD severity, TD duration, obsessive-compulsive disorder, psychosis, major depression, bipolar disorder, panic disorder, and overanxious disorder were significant univariate predictors of psychiatric hospitalization (p < .01). While tic severity was marginally significant as a predictor of psychiatric hospitalization (p < .05), major depression (p < .016) and bipolar disorder (p < .001) were robust predictors of psychiatric hospitalization, even after statistical adjustment for collinearity and correction for all other variables assessed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The findings indicate that comorbid mood disorders are strongly associated with illness morbidity in youths with TD, highlighting the importance of attention to comorbidity in patients with TD.
authors.affiliation: Joint Pediatric Psychopharmacology Unit, Massachusetts General and McLean Hospitals, USA. coffey@mercury.mclean.org
authors.forename: B J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Coffey
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Biederman
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Geller
authors.forename: T J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Spencer
authors.forename: G S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Bellordre
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Frazier
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Cradock
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Magovcevic
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001008:Anxiety Disorders / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000534:rehabilitation; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000534:rehabilitation; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000534:rehabilitation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009771:Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis; D010343:Patient Admission / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D011594:Psychometrics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D020323:Tics / Q000175:diagnosis*; D005879:Tourette Syndrome / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis*