title: Triple helix formation and the antigene strategy for sequence-specific control of gene expression.
abstract: Specific gene expression involves the binding of natural ligands to the DNA base pairs. Among the compounds rationally designed for artificial regulation of gene expression, oligonucleotides can bind with a high specificity of recognition to the major groove of double helical DNA by forming Hoogsteen type bonds with purine bases of the Watson-Crick base pairs, resulting in triple helix formation. Although the potential target sequences were originally restricted to polypurine-polypyrimidine sequences, considerable efforts were devoted to the extension of the repertoire by rational conception of appropriate derivatives. Efficient tools based on triple helices were developed for various biochemical applications such as the development of highly specific artificial nucleases. The antigene strategy remains one of the most fascinating fields of triplex application to selectively control gene expression. Targeting of genomic sequences is now proved to be a valuable concept on a still limited number of studies; local mutagenesis is in this respect an interesting application of triplex-forming oligonucleotides on cell cultures. Oligonucleotide penetration and compartmentalization in cells, stability to intracellular nucleases, accessibility of the target sequences in the chromatin context, the residence time on the specific target are all limiting steps that require further optimization. The existence and the role of three-stranded DNA in vivo, its interaction with intracellular proteins is worth investigating, especially relative to the regulation of gene transcription, recombination and repair processes.
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de Biophysique, INSERM U201, CNRS UMR 8646, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Praseuth
authors.forename: A L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Guieysse
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hélène
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D020029:Base Pairing / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004247:DNA / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D003851:Deoxyribonucleases / Q000378:metabolism; D015195:Drug Design; D004355:Drug Stability; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D018390:Gene Targeting / Q000379:methods*; D005822:Genetic Vectors; D016297:Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; D009690:Nucleic Acid Conformation / Q000187:drug effects; D009693:Nucleic Acid Hybridization / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics; D016376:Oligonucleotides, Antisense / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D051381:Rats; D013379:Substrate Specificity / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D016376:Oligonucleotides, Antisense; D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins; C051802:triplex DNA; D004247:DNA; D003851:Deoxyribonucleases