title: The determination time of the carpel whorl is differentially sensitive to carbohydrate supply in Pharbitis nil.
abstract: A shoot apical meristem is florally determined if, following its removal from an induced plant, it flowers when cultured in non-inductive conditions. Determination times were measured in the short-day plant Pharbitis nil to examine whether floral whorls are determined simultaneously or sequentially. Shoot apices were excised at daily intervals following a 48-h dark-inductive treatment, cultured in non-inductive conditions for 4 weeks in continuous light, and the number of floral organs scored. The culture medium was White's supplemented with sucrose, glucose (Glc), fructose (Fru), or 1:1 Glc:Fru at 2% (w/v), 4% (w/v), or 6% (w/v) or sugar-mannitol combinations of osmotic potentials equivalent to 4% (w/v) or 6% (w/v). The minimum whorl determination time was 1 d for sepals, petals, and stamens regardless of carbon supply. However, for carpels it varied remarkably from 5 d on sucrose, to 2 to 3 d on Fru or Glc:Fru, to 1 d for 2% (w/v) and 6% (w/v) Glc. Therefore, depending on the carbon supply, the carpel whorl was determined at the same time or after the outer whorls. Generally, these effects could not be reproduced on the sugar-mannitol treatments.
authors.affiliation: School of Environmental Sciences and Land Management, University College, Worcester, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: S F
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Durdan
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Herbert
authors.forename: H J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Rogers
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Francis
mesh_terms: D050260:Carbohydrate Metabolism; D010944:Plants / Q000378:metabolism*