title: Apelin peptides block the entry of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).
abstract: The orphan G protein-coupled receptor APJ has been shown to be a coreceptor for human and simian immunodeficiency virus (HIV and SIV) strains. We have determined that some HIV and SIV strains use APJ as a coreceptor to infect the brain-derived NP-2/CD4 cells. Because apelin is an endogenous ligand for the APJ receptor, we examined the inhibitory effects of apelin peptides on HIV infection, and found that the apelin peptides inhibit the entry of some HIV-1 and HIV-2 into the NP-2/CD4 cells expressing APJ. The inhibitory efficiency has been found to be in the order of apelin-36>apelin-17>apelin-13>apelin-12.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Physiology, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Maebashi, Japan.
authors.forename: M X
authors.initials: MX
authors.lastname: Zou
authors.forename: H Y
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Haraguchi
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Soda
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tatemoto
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hoshino
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000073861:Apelin; D000075244:Apelin Receptors; D001921:Brain; D015704:CD4 Antigens / Q000378:metabolism; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018925:Chemokines / Q000494:pharmacology; D015726:Giant Cells / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology; D005910:Glioma / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology; D054303:HIV Reverse Transcriptase / Q000378:metabolism; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D015498:HIV-2 / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D020128:Inhibitory Concentration 50; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D008024:Ligands; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012194:RNA-Directed DNA Polymerase / Q000378:metabolism; D019713:Receptors, CCR5 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D019718:Receptors, CXCR4 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D017448:Receptors, Dopamine D2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D043562:Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled; D011991:Receptors, Virus / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015302:Simian Immunodeficiency Virus / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: C115436:APLN protein, human; C104575:APLNR protein, human; D000073861:Apelin; D000075244:Apelin Receptors; D015704:CD4 Antigens; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D018925:Chemokines; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D008024:Ligands; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D019713:Receptors, CCR5; D019718:Receptors, CXCR4; D017448:Receptors, Dopamine D2; D043562:Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled; D011991:Receptors, Virus; D054303:HIV Reverse Transcriptase; D012194:RNA-Directed DNA Polymerase