title: Idiopathic hypercalciuria: O2(-)NO relationship and altered bone metabolism.
abstract: The pathogenesis of idiopathic hypercalciuria (IH) has not been elucidated yet, but a correlation between IH and altered bone metabolism has been proposed. Since nitric oxide (NO) regulates osteoclasts' bone resorption, a possible role for NO can be suggested. In this study we evaluated iNOS gene expression by reverse transcription of mRNA from monocytes, followed by polymerase chain reaction in patients with IH subdivided into fasting (FH) and absorptive (AH) hypercalciuria. Since superoxide (O2-), which metabolizes NO, is overproduced by osteoclasts during bone resorption, peroxynitrite plasma level was evaluated as index of O2-. Vertebral BMD in IH as a whole group was lower vs controls (C) (Z score=-1.78+/-0.2 vs 0.51+/-0.25, p<0.001), but only FH patients showed a reduced bone density (2.13+/-0.18 vs 0.51+/-0.25, p<0.0001). PTH and calcitriol were not different. FH showed an increase in b-ALP vs AH and C (41.1+/-2.6 vs 30.1+/-3.9 vs 26.6+/-3.6 U/l p<0.02), and higher uHP, either on NCD (17.7+/-1.6 vs 11.4+/-1.3 mg/g uCr, p<0.04) or after LCD (26.7+/-2.5 vs 16.7+/-1.9, p<0.01). Cells from FH patients, but not from both AH patients and C, expressed iNOS. Peroxynitrite plasma level was elevated in FH (0.30+/-0.07) pmol/l while not detectable in AH and C. This study confirms an altered bone metabolism only in FH which shows an abnormal NO system. The increased iNOS gene expression in FH, in fact, points toward an altered NO system's activity downstream the generation of NO. A possible interaction of NO with O2-, which breaks down NO, and the role of this interaction in the pathophysiology of IH is discussed.
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Università di Padova ed Azienda Ospedaliera di Padova, Italy. renzcalo@ux1.unipd.it
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Calò
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Giannini
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bonvicini
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nobile
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cantaro
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Plebani
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Semplicini
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: D'Angelo
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Crepaldi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015519:Bone Density / Q000502:physiology; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000378:metabolism*; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000652:urine*; D004032:Diet; D005260:Female; D005609:Free Radicals / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008664:Metal Metabolism, Inborn Errors / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000652:urine*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009000:Monocytes / Q000378:metabolism; D009566:Nitrates / Q000097:blood; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism*; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D016877:Oxidants / Q000097:blood; D012313:RNA / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000302:isolation & purification; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013481:Superoxides / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D005609:Free Radicals; D009566:Nitrates; D016877:Oxidants; D013481:Superoxides; C039642:peroxynitric acid; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D012313:RNA; C496319:NOS2 protein, human; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D002118:Calcium