title: Decreased antioxidant defence in individuals infected by the human immunodeficiency virus.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The oxidative stress associated with HIV infection may be important for the progression of the disease because reactive oxygen species activate the nuclear transcription factor NF-kappaB, which is obligatory for HIV replication.
  
  
  METHODS
  The activities of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD, EC 1.15.1.1) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx, EC 1.11.1.9) of blood plasma and peripheral blood mononuclear cells, as well as the plasma levels of ascorbate, alpha-tocopherol and beta-carotene, were measured in 75 subjects with HIV infection and in 26 controls. The HIV-infected patients were classified according to the Walter Reed Army Institute criteria.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The extracellular SOD (EC-SOD) of blood plasma activity was decreased in HIV-infected patients compared to controls, while the SOD activity of mononuclear cells decreased with the HIV-associated disease progression. GPx activities and alpha-tocopherol concentration of HIV-infected patients neither differed as compared to controls nor in relation to disease progression. Lower concentrations of ascorbate and beta-carotene were found in HIV-infected patients than in controls. A positive correlation between CD4 lymphocyte counts and the SOD activities of plasma and mononuclear cells was found.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that abnormalities of antioxidant defence, mainly of SOD activity, are related to the progression of the HIV infection.
authors.affiliation: Federal University of Santa Catarina, Brazil.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Treitinger
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Spada
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Verdi
authors.forename: A F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Miranda
authors.forename: O V
authors.initials: OV
authors.lastname: Oliveira
authors.forename: M V
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Silveira
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Moriel
authors.forename: D S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Abdalla
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism*; D001205:Ascorbic Acid / Q000097:blood; D016516:CD4-CD8 Ratio; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000201:enzymology / Q000821:virology; D008297:Male; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism; D014810:Vitamin E / Q000097:blood; D019207:beta Carotene / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D019207:beta Carotene; D014810:Vitamin E; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D001205:Ascorbic Acid