title: Fluorescence in situ hybridization evaluation of c-myc and androgen receptor gene amplification and chromosomal anomalies in prostate cancer in Japanese patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Oncogene amplification and chromosomal anomalies are found in many solid tumors and are often associated with aggressiveness of cancer. We evaluated the frequency and the association of c-myc and androgen receptor (AR) gene amplification and gain of chromosome 8 or X in prostate cancer in Japanese patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  We examined a total of 42 prostate cancer specimens, using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Dual-labeling hybridization with a directly labeled centromere probe for chromosome 8 or X together with a probe for the c-myc or AR locus was performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Gain of chromosome 8 was identified in 54.8% of specimens and was associated with Gleason sum and nuclear anaplasia in untreated prostate cancers. c-myc gene amplification was found in 14.3% of specimens. Gain of chromosome X was identified in 42.9% of specimens. AR gene amplification was detected in 0 of 37 untreated prostate cancers, but in 1 of 5 hormone-refractory prostate cancers.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results suggest that c-myc and AR gene amplification and gain of chromosome 8 or X may be associated with the development and progression of prostate cancers. These results obtained in Japanese cases are consistent with the results observed in prostate cancer in Western countries.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Japan.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Miyoshi
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Uemura
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fujinami
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mikata
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Harada
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kitamura
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Koizumi
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kubota
mesh_terms: D002869:Chromosome Aberrations; D025063:Chromosome Disorders; D002874:Chromosome Mapping; D002898:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 8; D005784:Gene Amplification; D005787:Gene Frequency; D006801:Humans; D017404:In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence / Q000379:methods; D007564:Japan; D008297:Male; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D016271:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc / Q000235:genetics*; D011944:Receptors, Androgen / Q000235:genetics*; D014960:X Chromosome
chemical_list: D016271:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc; D011944:Receptors, Androgen