title: Chromatin condensation during Scrobicularia plana spermiogenesis: a controlled and comparative enzymatic ultracytochemical study.
abstract: In Scrobicularia plana testis, a nuclear acid phosphatase (ACPase) activity was detected in mid and late spermatids with the improved Gomori-chloride procedure. Lead deposits were first observed in mid spermatids at focal points over condensed chromatin strands, increasing in density as chromatin further condensated. In late spermiogenesis, lead deposits became concentrated between chromatin aggregates, and after total DNA compaction were transfered to the nuclear periphery and then shed into the cytoplasm. The specificity of the nuclear ACPase was tested against different pH values (3.9, 7.2, 7.8, 9.0), substrates (TPP, IDP, TMP, p-NCS, ATP, GTP, AMP, ADP, AMP-PNP) and inhibitors (NaF, levamisole, Zn, vanadate, theophylline). To further specify the nature of this nuclear ACPase, other enzymes were comparatively studied at their optimal pH values and at pH 5.0: nucleoside-diphosphatase, thiamin-pyrophosphatase, inorganic trimetaphosphatase, lysosomal arylsulfatases A and B, ATPase, GTPase, 5'-nucleotidase, adenylate kinase, and adenylate cyclase. Several other controls were introduced to exclude artefactual deposits induced by lead ions and tissue molecules. The results showed that the enzyme has an optimal pH at 5.0, a high specific affinity for beta-GP, and is inhibited by NaF, which suggests that it behaves as a type B-ACPase, and all controls demonstrated the specificity of the enzymic activity. Because lead deposits were specifically and temporally associated with spermatid chromatin condensation, when DNA and RNA synthesis, histones, phosphoproteins and RNA molecules strongly decrease, it is possible to suggest that the nuclear ACPase could be associated with DNA processing during chromatin compaction or involved in the hydrolysis of 2' and 3' nucleotides resulting from nuclear RNase action during RNA degradation.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto, Portugal. msousa@icbas.up.pt
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sousa
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cunha
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Erkan
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Guerra
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Oliveira
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Baldaia
mesh_terms: D000135:Acid Phosphatase / Q000378:metabolism; D000177:Acrosome / Q000201:enzymology; D000818:Animals; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000201:enzymology; D002843:Chromatin / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008854:Microscopy, Electron; D008974:Mollusca / Q000502:physiology* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D013087:Spermatids / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D013091:Spermatogenesis
chemical_list: D002843:Chromatin; D000135:Acid Phosphatase