title: Retinoid-dependent growth inhibition, differentiation and apoptosis in acute promyelocytic leukemia cells. Expression and activation of caspases.
abstract: In the NB4 model of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL), ATRA, 9-cis retinoic acid (9-cis RA), the pan-RAR and RARalpha-selective agonists, TTNPB and AM580, induce growth inhibition, granulocytic differentiation and apoptosis. By contrast, two RXR agonists, a RARbeta agonist and an anti-AP1 retinoid have very limited activity, ATRA- and AM580-dependent effects are completely inhibited by RAR antagonistic blockade, while 9-cis RA-induced cell-growth-inhibition and apoptosis are equally inhibited by RAR and RXR antagonists. ATRA, 9-cis RA and AM580 cause upregulation of the mRNAs coding for pro-caspase-1, -7, -8, and -9, which, however, results in increased synthesis of only pro-caspase-1 and -7 proteins. These phenomena are associated with activation of pro-caspase-6, -7 and -8, cytochrome c release from the mitochondria, inversion of Bcl-2/Bax ratio and degradation of PML-RARalpha. Caspase activation is fundamental for retinoid-induced apoptosis, which is suppressed by the caspase-inhibitor z-VAD.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Centro Catullo e Daniela Borgomainerio, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri", via Eritrea, 62. 20157 Milano, Italy.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gianni
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Ponzanelli
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Mologni
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Reichert
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rambaldi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Terao
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Garattini
mesh_terms: D000077556:Alitretinoin; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D001565:Benzoates / Q000494:pharmacology; D020169:Caspases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D015473:Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology*; D018168:Receptors, Retinoic Acid / Q000819:agonists / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D047488:Retinoid X Receptors; D012176:Retinoids / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013764:Tetrahydronaphthalenes / Q000494:pharmacology; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000819:agonists / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D014212:Tretinoin / Q000494:pharmacology; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D001565:Benzoates; D018168:Receptors, Retinoic Acid; D047488:Retinoid X Receptors; D012176:Retinoids; D013764:Tetrahydronaphthalenes; D014157:Transcription Factors; C068073:Am 580; D000077556:Alitretinoin; D014212:Tretinoin; C038864:4-(2-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-5,5,8,8-tetramethyl-2-naphthalenyl)-1-propenyl)benzoic acid; D020169:Caspases