Contraceptive strategies for young women in the 21st century.
Safe, effective and affordable contraceptives have been available for a few decades, yet, in many countries, the struggle for reproductive rights continues. Children, still, are forced to give birth to children in many nations. In most industrialized countries, where contraceptive counselling and abortions have been options, fertility rates have reached all time lows. Effective contraception improves health and well-being as well and may be used for conditions other than birth control. Young girls often initially take oral contraceptives primarily to reduce menstrual pain and blood loss; they also welcome a contraceptive that eliminates menstrual bleeding. Women using oral contraceptives and Norplant experience about 50% reduction in menstrual blood; 90% reduction in blood loss is achieved with the levonorgestrel intrauterine system (Mirena). Teenagers and their parents are often misinformed about the side-effects of oral contraceptives and birth control in general, which may adversely affect compliance. Adequate, user-friendly and supportive information about contraception is necessary to ensure proper use of the pill and other birth control methods. In addition, emergency contraceptives should be easily accessible. The mortality and morbidity of young women would be dramatically reduced by the global use of medical abortion as well. Only a combined effort by policy makers, educators, parents and health-care providers can enhance the reproductive (and future!) health of both young females and males.
Ruusuvaara
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Uppsala University, Sweden.
Johansson
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D000293:Adolescent; D003267:Contraception / Q000379:methods*; D003271:Contraceptive Agents, Female / Q000592:standards*; D005260:Female; D005544:Forecasting; D006801:Humans; D007436:Intrauterine Devices, Medicated; D008297:Male; D011050:Policy Making; D011247:Pregnancy; D018873:Pregnancy Rate; D011253:Pregnancy in Adolescence / Q000517:prevention & control*; D018456:Reproductive Medicine / Q000592:standards / Q000639:trends*; D012736:Sex Education / Q000458:organization & administration*; D014481:United States
D003271:Contraceptive Agents, Female