title: Sleep and periodic leg movement patterns in drug-free patients with Parkinson's disease and multiple system atrophy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess and compare polygraphic sleep measures and periodic leg movement (PLM) patterns in untreated patients with mild to moderate Parkinson's disease (PD), multiple system atrophy (MSA) and healthy age-matched controls.
  
  
  METHODS
  Polysomnographic recordings of 2 consecutive nights were performed in 10 patients with PD (mean age 65 years, mean Hoehn and Yahr stage 2.2), 10 patients with MSA (mean age 61 years) and in a control group of 10 healthy subjects (mean age 64 years). All patients and controls were free of antiparkinsonian medication and other centrally active drugs for 2 weeks prior to polysomnography.
  
  
  METHODS
  NA.
  
  
  METHODS
  NA.
  
  
  METHODS
  NA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sleep measures for the second night showed a significantly lower total sleep time, sleep efficiency and sleep period time in PD and MSA patients compared to healthy controls. PLM-indices during sleep and wakefulness were significantly higher in PD, but not in MSA patients compared to controls. Five patients with PD and 7 patients with MSA, but no control subject, showed abnormal rapid eye movement (REM) sleep features (i.e., REM sleep without atonia or behavioral manifestations typical for REM sleep behavior disorder).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Sleep disruption and increased motor activity during REM and non REM sleep are a frequent finding in PD and MSA. An increased PLM index in untreated PD patients may be due to a dopaminergic deficit and is probably not associated with dopaminergic treatment.
authors.affiliation: Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany. wetter@mpipsykl.mpg.de
authors.forename: T C
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Wetter
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Collado-Seidel
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Pollmächer
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yassouridis
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Trenkwalder
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D004576:Electromyography; D004585:Electrooculography; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D019578:Multiple System Atrophy; D010300:Parkinson Disease; D017286:Polysomnography; D012148:Restless Legs Syndrome; D012895:Sleep, REM / Q000502:physiology*; D013977:Tibia / Q000502:physiology; D014851:Wakefulness / Q000502:physiology