title: [3D virtual imaging of the upper airways].
abstract: The different three dimensional reconstructions of the upper airways that can be obtained with spiral computed tomograpy (CT) are presented here. The parameters indispensable to achieve as real as possible spiral CT images are recalled together with the advantages and disadvantages of the different techniues. Multislice reconstruction (MSR) produces slices in different planes of space with the high contrast of CT slices. They provide information similar to that obtained for the rare indications for thoracic MRI. Thick slice reconstructions with maximum intensity projection (MIP) or minimum intensity projection (minIP) give projection views where the contrast can be modified by selecting the more dense (MIP) or less dense (minIP) voxels. They find their application in the exploration of the upper airways. Surface and volume external 3D reconstructions can be obtained. They give an overall view of the upper airways, similar to a bronchogram. Virtual endoscopy reproduces real endoscopic images but cannot provide information on the aspect of the mucosa or biopsy specimens. It offers possible applications for preparing, guiding and controlling interventional fibroscopy procedures.
authors.affiliation: Service Central de Radiologie et Imagerie M¿edicale, CHU Grenoble, BP 217 X, 38043 Grenoble Cedex, France.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ferretti
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Coulomb
mesh_terms: D001980:Bronchi / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D001995:Bronchography; D001999:Bronchoscopy; D006801:Humans; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D014132:Trachea / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*