title: Benzodiazepines for neuroleptic-induced tardive dyskinesia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Tardive dyskinesia (TD) is a potentially disfiguring movement disorder of the orofacial region often caused by use of neuroleptic drugs. A wide range of strategies have been used to help manage TD and, for those who are unable to have their antipsychotic medication stopped or substantially changed, the benzodiazapine group of drugs has been suggested as a useful adjunctive treatment.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine the clinical efficacy of benzodiazepines for people with neuroleptic-induced tardive dyskinesia (TD) schizophrenia or other chronic mental illnesses.
  
  
  METHODS
  Electronic searches of Biological Abstracts (1982-1995), the Cochrane Schizophrenia Group's Register of trials (1995), EMBASE (1980-1995), LILACS (1982-1995), MEDLINE (1966-1995), PsycLIT (1974-1995), SCISEARCH (1995) and handsearching the references of all identified studies.
  
  
  METHODS
  The inclusion criteria for all randomised studies were that they should focus on people with schizophrenia or other chronic mental illnesses and neuroleptic-induced TD and compare the use of benzodiazepines to placebo or no intervention.
  
  
  METHODS
  The reviewers extracted the data independently and the odds ratio (95% CI) or the average difference (95% CI) were estimated. The reviewers assumed that people who dropped out had no improvement.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Two trials were able to be included in this review. The results of this review do not allow any confident interpretations on the clinical utility of benzodiazepines for the treatment of neuroleptic-induced TD. From the data combined in this review, benzodiazepines have no distinct advantages over placebo in the treatment of TD. Data on side effects were not reported in the included trials.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  No clear statement about the efficacy of benzodiazepines drugs, to treat neuroleptic-induced TD, could be provided.
authors.affiliation: Queensland Centre for Schizophrenia Research, Wolston Park Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia, Q4076. jjm@brain.wph.uq.oz.au
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: McGrath
authors.forename: K V
authors.initials: KV
authors.lastname: Soares
mesh_terms: D014151:Anti-Anxiety Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects; D001569:Benzodiazepines / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004409:Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D018757:GABA Modulators / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans
chemical_list: D014151:Anti-Anxiety Agents; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents; D018757:GABA Modulators; D001569:Benzodiazepines