title: Attenuation correction in evaluating renal function in children and adults by a camera-based method.
abstract: Correction for soft-tissue attenuation is required to evaluate absolute renal function by a camera-based method, and an estimate of renal depth and an attenuation coefficient are commonly used for attenuation correction. The first goal of this study was to develop formulas for the calculation of renal depth in both children and adults. The second goal was to optimize the attenuation coefficient for the estimation of renal accumulation of a 99mTc-labeled agent.
  
  
  METHODS
  Renal depth was measured by CT in 74 children and 232 adults and compared with the depth calculated using previously published equations. Multiple stepwise linear regression analysis was conducted using data from children and adults together, and new formulas to calculate renal depth were derived. Using the resulting equations, percentage renal uptake at 2-2.5 min was computed from 99mTc-diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (DTPA) renography in 40 children and 92 adults. Percentage renal uptake was assessed using various values of an attenuation coefficient, and an optimized attenuation coefficient was determined to maximize the correlation coefficient between percentage renal uptake and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) measured from 2 blood samples.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Although the previously published equations appeared to be acceptable in predicting adult renal depth, they substantially underestimated pediatric renal depth. Renal depth (D, cm) was shown by stepwise regression analysis to depend on the ratio of body weight (W, kg) to body height (H, cm) and was successfully calculated in both children and adults using the derived equations (right: D = 16.778 x W/H + 0.752; left: D = 16.825 x W/H + 0.397). The correlation coefficient between percentage renal uptake of 99mTc-DTPA and measured GFR varied substantially according to the attenuation coefficient used and was the highest (0.947) with an attenuation coefficient of 0.087/cm.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The equations presented here enabled estimation of renal depth irrespective of the patient's age. Attenuation correction using these equations and the optimized attenuation coefficient appears to aid in evaluating renal accumulation and, consequently, renal function in both children and adults.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Inoue
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yoshikawa
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Katayama
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Yokoyama
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kohsaka
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tsukune
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ohtomo
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D015902:Gamma Cameras; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007668:Kidney / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011866:Radioisotope Renography; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D016284:Technetium Tc 99m Pentetate; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed
chemical_list: D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D016284:Technetium Tc 99m Pentetate