title: Localization of retinoid binding proteins, retinoid receptors, and retinaldehyde dehydrogenase in the chick eye.
abstract: Retinoids have many functions in the eye, including, perhaps, the visual guidance of ocular growth. Therefore, we identified where retinoid receptors, binding proteins, and biosynthetic enzymes are located in the ocular tissues of the chick as a step toward discovering where retinoids are generated and where they act. Using antibodies to interphotoreceptor retinoid binding protein (IRBP), cellular retinol binding protein (CRBP), cellular retinoic acid binding protein (CRABP), cellular retinaldehyde binding protein (CRALBP), retinaldehyde dehydrogenase (RALDH), and retinoic acid receptors (RAR and RXR), we localized these proteins to cells in the retina, retinal pigmented epithelium, choroid and sclera of the chick eye. IRBP was detected in the photoreceptor layer and pigmented epithelium; CRBP was in the pigmented epithelium; CRABP was in amacrine and bipolar cells in the retina; CRALBP was in Müller cells, pigmented epithelium, choroid, and fibrous sclera; RALDH was in retinal amacrine cells, pigmented epithelium, and choroid; RAR was in amacrine cells, choroid, and chondrocytes and fibroblasts in the sclera; and RXR was in amacrine and ganglion cells, bipolar cell nuclei, choroid, and chondrocytes. We also found that the growth-modulating toxins colchicine and quisqualate destroyed selectively different subsets of CRABP-containing amacrine cells. We conclude that the distribution of proteins involved in retinoid metabolism is consistent with a role of retinoids not only in phototransduction, but also in maintenance of cellular phenotype and visual guidance of ocular growth.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, and the Lions Sight Centre, The University of Calgary, Faculty of Medicine, 3330 Hospital Dr. N. W., Calgary, Alberta, Canada, T2N 4N1.
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Fischer
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wallman
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Mertz
authors.forename: W K
authors.initials: WK
authors.lastname: Stell
mesh_terms: D000445:Aldehyde Oxidoreductases / Q000032:analysis*; D000818:Animals; D002645:Chickens; D002829:Choroid / Q000166:cytology*; D005136:Eye Proteins / Q000032:analysis*; D008297:Male; D020419:Photoreceptor Cells, Vertebrate / Q000166:cytology; D010857:Pigment Epithelium of Eye / Q000166:cytology; D018168:Receptors, Retinoic Acid / Q000032:analysis*; D012160:Retina / Q000166:cytology*; D050697:Retinal Dehydrogenase; D012165:Retinal Ganglion Cells / Q000166:cytology; D047488:Retinoid X Receptors; D012177:Retinol-Binding Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D054840:Retinol-Binding Proteins, Cellular; D012590:Sclera / Q000166:cytology*; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000032:analysis; D000099214:Retinol-Binding Proteins, Interstitial
chemical_list: D000445:Aldehyde Oxidoreductases; D005136:Eye Proteins; D018168:Receptors, Retinoic Acid; D050697:Retinal Dehydrogenase; D047488:Retinoid X Receptors; D012177:Retinol-Binding Proteins; D054840:Retinol-Binding Proteins, Cellular; D014157:Transcription Factors; D000099214:Retinol-Binding Proteins, Interstitial