title: Electrical stimulation for faecal incontinence in adults.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Faecal incontinence is a particularly embarrassing and distressing condition with significant medical, social and economic implications. Electrical stimulation has been used with apparent success in the treatment of faecal incontinence. However, standards of treatment are still lacking and the magnitude of alleged benefits has yet to be established.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine the effects of electrical stimulation for the treatment of faecal incontinence in adults.
  
  
  METHODS
  We searched the Cochrane Incontinence Group trials register, the Cochrane Controlled Trials Register, Medline, Embase and reference lists of potentially eligible articles up to November 1999. Date of the most recent searches: November 1999.
  
  
  METHODS
  All randomised or quasi-randomised trials evaluating electrical stimulation in adults with faecal incontinence.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three reviewers assessed the methodological quality of potentially eligible trials and two reviewers independently extracted data from the included trial. A wide range of outcome measures were considered.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Only one eligible trial with 40 participants was identified. It was a randomised trial, but it suffered from methodological drawbacks and did not follow up patients beyond the end of the trial period. Findings from this trial suggest that electrical stimulation with anal biofeedback and exercises provides more short-term benefits than vaginal biofeedback and exercises for women with obstetric-related faecal incontinence. No further conclusions could be drawn from the data available.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  At present, there are insufficient data to allow reliable conclusions to be drawn on the effects of electrical stimulation in the management of faecal incontinence. There is a suggestion that electrical stimulation may have a therapeutic effect, but this is not certain. Larger, more generalisable trials are needed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urological Gynaecology, St Mary's Hospital, Whitworth Park, Manchester, UK, M13 OJH. ghosker@ugynae.cmht.nwest.nhs.uk
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hosker
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Norton
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Brazzelli
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001676:Biofeedback, Psychology; D004599:Electric Stimulation Therapy; D005242:Fecal Incontinence / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans