The development of scotopic sensitivity.
PURPOSE. Test the hypothesis that the developmental increases in rod photoreceptor sensitivity and rod-mediated visual sensitivity at 10 degrees, 20 degrees , and 30 degrees eccentric are concurrent. It is known that maturation of the parafoveal (10 degrees eccentric) rod outer segments and visual sensitivity is delayed compared to that at 30 degrees eccentric.


METHODS
Rod isolated electroretinographic (ERG) responses to full-field stimuli were obtained from dark-adapted subjects (n = 71), ranging in age from early infancy through middle age. Rod photoreceptor sensitivity was calculated by fitting a model of the activation of phototransduction to the a-wave response. Rod driven b-wave sensitivity was calculated from stimulus-response functions. A logistic growth model was used to summarize the developmental increases in sensitivity of the rod photoreceptors and the b-wave. Previously reported dark-adapted, rod-mediated visual sensitivities at 10 degrees , 20 degrees, and 30 degrees eccentric, obtained using preferential looking procedures, were reanalyzed using the logistic growth model.


RESULTS
The logistic growth model accounted for 57% to 85% of the variance of each sensitivity parameter with age in normal subjects. The shape of the growth curve and the age at which sensitivity reaches 50% of the adult value is similar (10.0-13.5 weeks) for the rods, the b-wave, and peripheral visual sensitivity, but is significantly older, 19.5 weeks, for rod-mediated parafoveal visual sensitivity.


CONCLUSIONS
Rod photoreceptor sensitivity and peripheral, rod-mediated visual sensitivity develop concurrently. A parsimonious explanation is that rod photoreceptor sensitivity determines dark-adapted, rod-mediated visual sensitivity during development.
Fulton
A B
AB
Department of Ophthalmology, Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. fulton_a@a1.tch.harvard.edu
Hansen
R M
RM
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003623:Dark Adaptation / Q000502:physiology*; D004596:Electroretinography; D005123:Eye / Q000254:growth & development*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008875:Middle Aged; D017948:Retinal Rod Photoreceptor Cells / Q000502:physiology*; D012684:Sensory Thresholds; D014785:Vision, Ocular / Q000502:physiology*