title: Nuclear all-trans retinoic acid receptor status in rat liver: a comparison of effects of three different stressors--immobilization, laparotomy, and 2-deoxy-D-glucose.
abstract: Retinoic acids and their cognate nuclear receptors exert a substantial regulatory role in cell growth and development as well as in the neuroendocrine system. These effects are primarily mediated by all-trans retinoic acid receptors (RARs), members of the steroid/thyroid hormone receptor superfamily of ligand inducible transcription factors. The present study was undertaken in order to compare the effects of immobilization stress (IMO), laparotomy, and 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2DG)-induced intracellular glucopenia on both nuclear RAR affinity and concentration in the rat liver. IMO when compared to non-stressed group of rats, significantly reduced the RAR maximal binding capacity (Bmax) in liver, with the equilibrium association constant (Ka) remaining unchanged. No significant changes of the RAR Bmax and the Ka, were observed in liver of rats that underwent laparotomy. In contrast, a single dose of 2DG (500 mg/kg) resulted in a significant increase of the RAR Bmax 10 h after 2DG application, with the Ka remaining unchanged. Shorter intervals, 1 or 5 h after 2DG application were ineffective on both the RAR Bmax and Ka. In the 2DG-adapted rats (6 doses of 2 DG, 500 mg/kg; 1 dose/day), decapitated 24 h after the last 2DG dose, the RAR Bmax was found significantly higher when compared to control group of animals. No further effect of the next dose of 2DG to repeatedly injected rats on the RAR Bmax and Ka was observed in animals killed 5 h after the seventh dose of 2DG. 2DG-induced intracellular glucopenia markedly up-regulates RARs in liver, but does not change the affinity of the receptor. Thus, the effect of 2DG on RAR concentration in liver specifically differs from that of IMO or laparotomy.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic. ueenbrtk@savba.savba.sk
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Brtko
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Knopp
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kvetnanský
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000963:Antimetabolites / Q000633:toxicity*; D003847:Deoxyglucose / Q000633:toxicity*; D007103:Immobilization; D007700:Kinetics; D007813:Laparotomy / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear / Q000378:metabolism*; D018168:Receptors, Retinoic Acid / Q000378:metabolism*; D013312:Stress, Physiological / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000378:metabolism*; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000963:Antimetabolites; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear; D018168:Receptors, Retinoic Acid; D003847:Deoxyglucose