title: Influence of the menstrual cycle on the LPS-induced cytokine response of monocytes.
abstract: We previously observed a gender difference in the cytokine response of peripheral blood monocytes (PBM). The study was performed to find out whether the gender-related difference might be due to hormonal changes during the menstrual cycle in healthy premenopausal females. The release of tumour necrosis factor a (TNF-alpha) was reduced in the premenopausal females during the luteal phase compared to the follicular phase. Compared to the male controls the release of TNF-alpha and of interleukin 6 (IL-6) during the luteal phase was also diminished. In premenopausal females the concentration of estradiol in plasma correlated with the release of TNF-alpha and IL-6 during the luteal phase.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine (Gastroenterology and Hepatology), Robert-Bosch Hospital, Stuttgart, Germany.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Schwarz
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Schäfer
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Bode
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bode
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000276:immunology / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D008597:Menstrual Cycle / Q000276:immunology* / Q000502:physiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D009000:Monocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000096:biosynthesis*
chemical_list: D007375:Interleukin-1; D015850:Interleukin-6; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha