title: Complications of nosocomial pneumonia in the surgical patient.
abstract: Nosocomial pneumonia is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the surgical and trauma patient. Inadequate treatment can lead to the complications of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), empyema, and lung abscess. The prevention and treatment of these complications revolve around several key principles. Complete treatment of pneumonia requires appropriate antimicrobial therapy, as well as mechanical pulmonary hygiene and proper airway management. Despite advances in treatment of pneumonia, complications arise necessitating treatment. This article reviews the treatment of ARDS, empyema, and lung abscesses. In particular, the many options for treatment of empyema are discussed in detail. Additionally, the treatment of pulmonary contusion and hemopneumothorax in the trauma patient is discussed. The understanding of sound treatment principles in the critically ill postsurgical patient helps prevent complicated or recurrent pneumonia and allows the surgeon to intervene effectively when such complications occur.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky 40292, USA.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rowe
authors.forename: W G
authors.initials: WG
authors.lastname: Cheadle
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016638:Critical Illness; D003428:Cross Infection / Q000150:complications*; D004653:Empyema / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D006801:Humans; D017053:Infection Control / Q000379:methods; D007362:Intensive Care Units; D008169:Lung Abscess / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D011014:Pneumonia / Q000150:complications* / Q000209:etiology; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D012128:Respiratory Distress Syndrome / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents