title: Subtle brain damage cannot be detected by measuring neuron-specific enolase and S-100beta protein after carotid endarterectomy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess whether subtle brain damage after carotid endarterectomy could be detected using serum levels of neuron-specific enolase (NSE) or S-100beta protein.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective noninterventional study.
  
  
  METHODS
  University hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-two patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy and 16 patients undergoing repair of abdominal aortic aneurysm.
  
  
  METHODS
  Serum levels of NSE and S-100beta protein were measured in all patients before surgery and postoperatively at 12, 24, 36, and 48 hours. In patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy, neuropsychologic testing was performed before surgery and postoperatively at discharge from the hospital and after 3 months using a neuropsychologic test battery.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with abdominal aortic surgery patients, the preoperative serum concentration of NSE was significantly higher in carotid artery surgery patients. Postoperatively, the NSE serum level decreased significantly after uncomplicated carotid artery surgery, and the level was then similar to that in the aortic surgery patients. Before operation, the S-100beta protein levels were similar in the two groups, but a significant increase was seen in aortic surgery patients postoperatively. Neuropsychologic testing after uncomplicated carotid artery surgery revealed cognitive dysfunction in 2 of 20 (10%) of the patients after 5 days and 3 of 16 (19%) of the patients after 3 months. There was no correlation between the change in cognitive function and the changes in blood levels of either NSE or S-100 protein.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Subtle brain damage after carotid artery surgery could not be detected by measuring blood levels of NSE and S-100beta protein. The NSE level was significantly higher before carotid artery surgery and decreased postoperatively to the level observed in aortic surgery.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesia, Center of Head and Orthopedics, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Denmark.
authors.forename: L S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Rasmussen
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Christiansen
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Johnsen
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Grønholdt
authors.forename: J T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Moller
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D017544:Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal / Q000601:surgery; D015415:Biomarkers; D001927:Brain Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology* / Q000523:psychology; D003071:Cognition / Q000502:physiology; D016894:Endarterectomy, Carotid / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D010751:Phosphopyruvate Hydratase / Q000032:analysis*; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000523:psychology; D011446:Prospective Studies; D009418:S100 Proteins / Q000032:analysis*; D020521:Stroke / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology* / Q000523:psychology
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D009418:S100 Proteins; D010751:Phosphopyruvate Hydratase