title: Hyperhomocysteinaemia is not associated with isolated crural arterial occlusive disease: The Hoorn Study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Hyperhomocysteinaemia is an independent risk factor for peripheral arterial disease (PAD). The localization of peripheral arterial disease is clinically relevant, because proximal (aortoiliac and femoropopliteal) disease is associated with a particularly poor overall prognosis, whereas isolated distal (i.e. crural) disease is associated with a better overall prognosis. The aim of the study was to investigate whether the strength of the association between hyperhomocysteinaemia and peripheral arterial disease differs according to the localization of the anatomical obstruction.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fasting serum total homocysteine (tHcy) was measured in an age-, sex- and glucose-tolerance stratified random sample (n = 631) of a 50- to 75-year-old general Caucasian population. History of a peripheral arterial reconstruction was recorded. Aortoiliac, femoropopliteal and crural arterial obstructions were registered by means of Doppler flow velocity curves.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The median serum tHcy level was 12.2 micromol L-1 (interquartile range: 10.0-15.3) in men and 10.7 micromol L-1 (interquartile range: 9.0-13.3) in women. The prevalences of aortoiliac, femoropopliteal and crural obstructions were 2.1%, 2.7% and 11.9%, respectively. After adjustment for age, sex, systolic blood pressure, current smoking, serum cholesterol and diabetes mellitus, the odds ratios (95% confidence interval) per 5 micromol L-1 tHcy increment were 1.41 (1.05-1.89) for aortoiliac, 1.03 (0. 70-1.52) for femoropopliteal and 0.82 (0.59-1.15) for crural obstructions. Finally, diabetes mellitus, HbA1c and current smoking were significantly associated with crural and femoropopliteal disease, whereas systolic blood pressure was significantly associated with aortoiliac obstructions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present study indicates that hyperhomocysteinaemia is associated with aortoiliac but not with isolated crural arterial occlusive disease.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Research in Extramural Medicine, University Hospital Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. ellenhgv@casema.net
authors.forename: E K
authors.initials: EK
authors.lastname: Hoogeveen
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Kostense
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Jakobs
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Rauwerda
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Dekker
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Nijpels
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Bouter
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Heine
authors.forename: C D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Stehouwer
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001157:Arterial Occlusive Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis*; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity / Q000502:physiology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D006710:Homocysteine / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D020138:Hyperhomocysteinemia / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis*; D007511:Ischemia / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis; D007866:Leg / Q000098:blood supply; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged
chemical_list: D006710:Homocysteine