title: The Akt-glycogen synthase kinase 3beta pathway regulates transcription of atrial natriuretic factor induced by beta-adrenergic receptor stimulation in cardiac myocytes.
abstract: We examined the mechanism of atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) transcription by isoproterenol (ISO), an agonist for the beta-adrenergic receptor (betaAR), in cardiac myocytes. ISO only modestly activated members of the mitogen-activated protein kinase family. ISO-induced ANF transcription was not affected by inhibition of mitogen-activated protein kinases, whereas it was significantly inhibited by KN93, an inhibitor of Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent kinase (CaM kinase II). Production of 3'-phosphorylated phosphatidylinositides (3 phosphoinositides) was also required for ISO-induced ANF transcription. ISO caused phosphorylation (Ser-473) and activation of Akt through CaM kinase II- and 3 phosphoinositides-dependent mechanisms. Constitutively active Akt increased myocyte surface area, total protein content, and ANF expression, whereas dominant negative Akt blocked ISO-stimulated ANF transcription. ISO caused Ser-9 phosphorylation and decreased activities of GSK3beta. Overexpression of GSK3beta inhibited ANF transcription, which was reversed by ISO. ISO failed to reverse the inhibitory effect of GSK3beta(S9A), an Akt-insensitive mutant. Kinase-inactive GSK3beta increased ANF transcription. Cyclosporin A partially inhibited ISO-stimulated ANF transcription, indicating that calcineurin only partially mediates ANF transcription. These results suggest that both CaM kinase II and 3 phosphoinositides mediate betaAR-induced Akt activation and ANF transcription in cardiac myocytes. Furthermore, betaAR-stimulated ANF transcription is predominantly mediated by activation of Akt and subsequent phosphorylation/inhibition of GSK3beta.
authors.affiliation: Weis Center for Research, Department of Molecular Cellular Physiology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Danville, Pennsylvania 17822, USA.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Morisco
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zebrowski
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Condorelli
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Tsichlis
authors.forename: S F
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Vatner
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sadoshima
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D009320:Atrial Natriuretic Factor / Q000235:genetics*; D019703:Calcineurin / Q000502:physiology; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D017871:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D006332:Cardiomegaly / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D038362:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3; D020935:MAP Kinase Signaling System; D009206:Myocardium / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D051058:Oncogene Protein v-akt; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D010766:Phosphorylation; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D011943:Receptors, Adrenergic, beta / Q000502:physiology*; D015682:Retroviridae Proteins, Oncogenic / Q000378:metabolism*; D014158:Transcription, Genetic
chemical_list: D011943:Receptors, Adrenergic, beta; D015682:Retroviridae Proteins, Oncogenic; D009320:Atrial Natriuretic Factor; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; D051058:Oncogene Protein v-akt; D017871:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases; D038362:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3; D019703:Calcineurin; D002118:Calcium