title: Homologous acellular matrix graft for urethral reconstruction in the rabbit: histological and functional evaluation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate urethral replacement by a free homologous graft of acellular urethral matrix in a rabbit model.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 30 male New Zealand rabbits, a 0.8 to 1.1 cm. segment of the urethra was resected, replaced with an acellular matrix graft of 1.0 to 1.5 cm. (mean 1.3 cm.), and placed on an 8F feeding tube. Additionally 4 animals underwent sham operation. At varying intervals before sacrifice (from 10 days to 8 months), the animals underwent urodynamic evaluation and retrograde urethrography (for which 4 untreated rabbits served as control). The grafted specimens were prepared for evaluation histologically and by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).
  
  
  RESULTS
  In all animals, the acellular matrix graft remained in its original position. Histological examination showed complete epithelialization and progressive vessel infiltration. At 3 months, smooth muscle bundles were first observed infiltrating the matrix at the end-to-end anastomosis; after 6 months, the smooth muscle bundles had grown into one-third of the matrix. Urodynamics did not detect any difference between the control and matrix-grafted animals in bladder volume, leak-point pressure and residual volume. RT-PCR detected an increase in IGF mRNA in the graft between week 3 and month 6 and in HB-EGF mRNA after day 10 through month 3. TGF-alpha mRNA was not detected; TGF-beta mRNA was unchanged from normal urethral tissue. By 8 months, the host and implant could not be differentiated by urethrography.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The acellular urethral matrix allows single-stage urethral reconstruction. All tissue components were seen in the grafted matrix after 3 months, with further improvement over time; however, the smooth muscle in the matrix was less than in normal rabbit urethra and was not well oriented. RT-PCR revealed the importance of time-dependent growth factor influences during regeneration.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, University of California School of Medicine, San Francisco, California, USA.
authors.forename: K D
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Sievert
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Bakircioglu
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Nunes
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tu
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Dahiya
authors.forename: E A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Tanagho
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D006085:Graft Survival; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D009130:Muscle, Smooth / Q000637:transplantation*; D011817:Rabbits; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures; D012038:Regeneration; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D015291:Transforming Growth Factors / Q000032:analysis; D014184:Transplantation, Homologous; D014521:Urethra / Q000601:surgery*; D014563:Urodynamics
chemical_list: D015291:Transforming Growth Factors