title: Functional results of anterior levatorplasty and external sphincter plication for faecal incontinence.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to assess results of anterior levatorplasty combined with external anal sphincter plication for faecal incontinence.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study involved 44 female patients, 27 with idiopathic and 17 with traumatic faecal incontinence. All underwent anterior levatorplasty and external sphincter plication in our institution between 1986 and 1997. The patients were followed up clinically for a mean 12 (range 2-54) months and 39 (89%) patients also underwent pre-and postoperative anal manometry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the idiopathic group 5 patients (19%) estimated that the result of the operation had been good and another 18 (67%) reported feeling better than before; the corresponding figures in the traumatic group were 4 (24%) and 10 (59%). The Wexner incontinence score decreased significantly after the operation in both groups. Nineteen patients (70%) in the idiopathic and 14 (82%) in the traumatic group showed improvement of one or more scores on the Kirwan scale. Three patients regained continence completely, one in the traumatic and two in the idiopathic group. There were no significant improvements in mean resting anal pressure or functional anal canal length in either group. Mean squeeze pressure improved significantly only in the traumatic group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although the results of anterior levatorplasty combined with external sphincter plication are not perfect, the approach seems to be a valuable alternative in the treatment of patients with idiopathic or traumatic faecal incontinence. Complete continence is seldom achieved, but the grade of incontinence is reduced in the majority of patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Tampere University Hospital and Medical School, University of Tampere, Finland. petri.aitola@pp.fimnet.fi
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Aitola
authors.forename: K M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Hiltunen
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Matikainen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001003:Anal Canal / Q000601:surgery*; D005242:Fecal Incontinence / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged