title: [Ciaglia blue rhino: a modified technique for percutaneous dilatation tracheostomy. Technique and early clinical results].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Elective tracheostomy has become an established treatment modality in modern intensive care medicine, and the number of percutaneously performed tracheostomies is steadily increasing. The Ciaglia Blue Rhino (CBR) represents another percutaneous technique in which the tracheostoma is formed by one-step dilation. Our study presents the technique itself and the early clinical experiences.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 20 adult patients on long-term ventilation, CBR was done. After puncture of the trachea in typical manner, dilation of the tracheostoma was achieved in one single step by means of a curved dilator with a special hydrophilic coating. Then, the tracheostomy tube was inserted over a curved loading dilator. Practicability and safety were determined as well as gas exchange during the procedure by means of arterial blood gas samples.
  
  
  RESULTS
  As a result of the dilator's hydrophilic coating, dilation of the tracheostoma was rapidly achieved within 152 +/- 22 s, virtually free from resistance of the trachea or the cervical tissues. Complications such as bleeding, aspiration or postoperative infection of the stoma were not noted in any of our patients. Fractures of isolated tracheal cartilage rings were seen in 5 patients, however, no therapeutic intervention was necessary. In terms of perioperative gas exchange, pre- and postoperative levels of FiO2, PaO2, PaCO2 and the oxygenation index (PaO2/FiO2) did not change significantly.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Based on our early clinical experience, Ciaglia Blue Rhino represents a new method that may combine the typical advantages of each of the other techniques for percutaneous tracheostomy (i.e. Ciaglia, Griggs, Fantoni) in one single technique. This method is distinguished by a high level of safety and practicability. However, further comparative trials need to be done before a definitive judgement can be made.
authors.affiliation: Klinik für Anästhesiologie, Intensivmedizin, Johann-Wolfgang-Goethe-Universität, Frankfurt a.M. c.byhahn@em.uni-frankfurt.de
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Byhahn
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Lischke
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Halbig
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Scheifler
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Westphal
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001784:Blood Gas Analysis; D004106:Dilatation / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D007431:Intraoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D011659:Pulmonary Gas Exchange; D012121:Respiration, Artificial; D014132:Trachea / Q000293:injuries; D014139:Tracheostomy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods*