title: Laparoscopic treatment of pediatric varicocele: a multicenter study of the italian society of video surgery in infancy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We report preliminary results of a multicenter study of the Italian Society of Video Surgery in Infancy on the laparoscopic treatment of pediatric varicocele.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 161 children 6 to 16 years old (median age 12.5) underwent laparoscopic treatment of varicocele at 6 pediatric surgery divisions. Varicocele was on the left side in 159 cases (98.7%) and bilateral in 2 (1.3%). Two boys had recurrent left varicocele. All children were treated with laparoscopy, including ligation of the spermatic veins only in 28 (17.3%), and ligation of the testicular veins and artery in 133 (82.7%). In 10 boys (6.2%) an additional procedure was done simultaneously, including closure of an apparently patent peritoneal vaginal duct on the right side in 7 and resection of epiploic adhesions between the intestinal loops and abdominal wall from previous appendectomy in the remaining 3.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Average operative time was 30 minutes and hospitalization was about 24 hours. At followup there were 13 minor complications (8%), including left hydrocele in 9 children who underwent the Palomo technique, minor scrotal emphysema in 2 and umbilical granuloma in 2. In our series varicocele recurred in 1 boy (3.5%) who underwent ligation of the spermatic veins only and in 3 (2.2%) treated with the Palomo technique.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our preliminary experience shows that the results of the laparoscopic approach are comparable to those of the open approach. However, the important advantages of laparoscopy over the open approach are its minimal invasiveness and precision of intervention. Moreover, laparoscopy allows treatment of other intra-abdominal pathological conditions using the same anesthesia, as in 10 patients in our series. We believe that ligating the testicular veins and artery is preferable to ligating the testicular veins only, even if the incidence of hydrocele is not negligible after the Palomo procedure.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pediatric Surgery, "Federico II" University of Naples and Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Esposito
authors.forename: G L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Monguzzi
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Gonzalez-Sabin
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rubino
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Montinaro
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Papparella
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Amici
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001158:Arteries; D002648:Child; D006801:Humans; D010535:Laparoscopy; D008026:Ligation; D008297:Male; D012008:Recurrence; D006848:Testicular Hydrocele / Q000601:surgery; D013737:Testis / Q000098:blood supply; D013521:Urologic Surgical Procedures, Male; D014646:Varicocele / Q000601:surgery*; D014680:Veins