title: Perception of bronchoconstriction and bronchial hyper-responsiveness in asthma.
abstract: The inter-relationship between the perception of bronchoconstriction, bronchial hyper-responsiveness and temporal adaptation in asthma is still a matter of debate. In a total of 52 stable asthmatic patients, 32 without airway obstruction ¿forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV(1))/vital capacity (VC) 84.1% (S.D. 7.9%), and 20 with airway obstruction [FEV(1)/VC 60% (4%)], we assessed the perception of bronchoconstriction during methacholine inhalation by using: (i) the slope and intercept of the Borg and VAS (Visual Analog Scale) scores against the decrease in FEV(1), expressed as a percentage of the predicted value; and (ii) the Borg and VAS scores at a 20% decrease in FEV(1) from the lowest post-saline level (PB(20)). Bronchial hyper-responsiveness was assessed as the provocative concentration of methacholine causing a 20% fall in FEV(1) (PC(20)FEV(1)). The reduction in FEV(1) was significantly related to the Borg and VAS scores, with values for the group mean slope and intercept of this relationship of 0.13 (S.D. 0.08) and -1.1 (3.02) for Borg, and 1.5 (1.19) and -12.01 (35) for VAS. PB(20) was 3 (1.75) with Borg scores and 34.6 (20.5) with VAS scores. Compared with the subgroup without airway obstruction, the obstructed subgroup exhibited similar slopes, but lower Borg and VAS intercepts. For similar decreases in FEV(1) (5-20% decreases from the lowest post-saline values), the Borg and VAS scores were lower in the non-obstructed than in the obstructed subgroup. PC(20)FEV(1) was significantly related to both Borg PB(20) and VAS PB(20) when considering all patients. When assessing the subgroups, PC(20)FEV(1) was related to Borg PB(20) and VAS PB(20) in the non-obstructed subjects, but not in the obstructed subjects. In neither subgroup was the log of the cumulative dose related to the Borg and VAS scores at the end of the test. We conclude that, unlike in previous studies, the ability to perceive acute bronchoconstriction may be reduced as background airflow obstruction increases in asthma. Bronchial hyper-responsiveness did not play a major role in perceived breathlessness in patients without airway obstruction, and even less of a role in patients with obstruction. The cumulative dose of agonist did not appear to influence the perception of bronchoconstriction.
authors.affiliation: Section of Clinical Immunology and Respiratory Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ottanelli
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Rosi
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Romagnoli
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Ronchi
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Lanini
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Grazzini
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Filippelli
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Stendardi
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Duranti
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Scano
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000402:Airway Obstruction / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D001249:Asthma / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology*; D016535:Bronchial Hyperreactivity / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology*; D001985:Bronchial Provocation Tests; D016085:Bronchoconstrictor Agents; D002648:Child; D004417:Dyspnea / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D005541:Forced Expiratory Volume; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008688:Methacholine Compounds; D008875:Middle Aged; D010465:Perception / Q000502:physiology*; D014797:Vital Capacity
chemical_list: D016085:Bronchoconstrictor Agents; D008688:Methacholine Compounds