Comparison of long versus short duration of anticoagulant therapy after a first episode of venous thromboembolism: a meta-analysis of randomized, controlled trials.
OBJECTIVE
To assess the length of oral anticoagulant therapy (short versus long duration) after a first episode of venous thromboembolism (VTE).


METHODS
Meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials, comparing two durations of anticoagulation, identified in 1999 by a computerized search of the Cochrane Controlled Trial Register, Medline and Embase, completed by an extensive review of the references of pertinent articles.


METHODS
The meta-analysis was performed on literature data. Seven published controlled trials were included. Relative risks with 95% confidence intervals were computed using the relative risk logarithm method. Statistical significance was set up at 0.01 for the test of association.


METHODS
Outcomes are major haemorrhage and recurrence after a 12-month follow-up.


RESULTS
For the recurrence end-point (sample size of 2304 patients), a duration treatment of 12-24 weeks seems preferable to a 3-6 week regimen, with a relative risk (RR) of 0.60 (95% CI: 0.45-0.79, P < 0.001). For the major haemorrhage end-point (1823 patients), the RR is not significantly different from 1 (RR = 1.43, 95% CI: 0.51-4.01, P = 0. 5). The results were similar for the subgroup 'permanent risk factors' or 'idiopathic VTE' (RR for recurrence = 0.48, 95% CI: 0. 34-0.68, P < 0.001). The tendency was similar, although not reaching statistical significance, for the 'temporary risk factors' subgroup (RR for recurrence = 0.34, 95% CI: 0.13-0.93, P = 0.035).


CONCLUSIONS
After a first episode of VTE, a long-term treatment regimen allows a significant reduction in the incidence of recurrences without increasing the incidence of bleeding events.
Pinede
L
L
Service de Médecine Interne, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, and Centre Cochrane Français, Unité de Pharmacologie Clinique, Lyon, France.
Duhaut
P
P
Cucherat
M
M
Ninet
J
J
Pasquier
J
J
Boissel
J P
JP
D000208:Acute Disease; D000284:Administration, Oral; D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D006493:Heparin / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D006801:Humans; D011655:Pulmonary Embolism / Q000209:etiology; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D012008:Recurrence; D012307:Risk Factors; D016019:Survival Analysis; D013923:Thromboembolism / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
D000925:Anticoagulants; D006493:Heparin