title: Sodium/hydrogen ion exchange inhibitor ameliorates ischaemia-reperfusion injuries in the rat hind limb.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study was designed to investigate the effect of a newly synthesised sodium/hydrogen ion exchange inhibitor, SM-20550, on ischaemia-reperfusion induced injury in a rat hind limb model.
  
  
  METHODS
  In order to induce ischaemia of the hind limbs, the abdominal aorta just distal to the renal arteries and the bilateral femoral arteries were clamped. Nineteen rats were divided into three groups. In the sham group (n=5), the vessels were only dissected and a vehicle solution was administered. In the control group (n=7), the vessels were clamped for five hours, and a vehicle solution was administered 10 minutes prior to clamping and continued for five hours after reperfusion. In the SM group (n=7), clamping was maintained for five hours with a bolus injection of SM-20550 and continuous infusion of the solution for five hours after reperfusion. Water content of the left gastrocnemius muscle was calculated. The right gastrocnemius was fixed in 10% formalin. A transverse thin section was stained with antimyoglobin antibody. Stained cells of the right gastrocnemius were counted and the myoglobin staining index was calculated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Water content was significantly (p<0.002) lower in the SM group than in the control group. The myoglobin staining index was significantly (p<0.01) higher in the SM group than in the control group. There was no significant difference between the control and the SM groups in creatinine phosphokinase (CPK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results indicate that the sodium/hydrogen ion exchange inhibitor, SM-20550, ameliorates oedema formation and ischaemia-reperfusion induced injury of the skeletal muscle.
authors.affiliation: Second Department of Surgery, Gunma University School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan. yhamada@akagi.sb.gunma-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hamada
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ishikawa
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kanda
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Imai
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Nagai
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Matsui
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ohashi
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Morishita
mesh_terms: D000578:Amidines / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000818:Animals; D006614:Hindlimb / Q000098:blood supply; D007211:Indoles / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000098:blood supply / Q000473:pathology; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000188:drug therapy*; D017923:Sodium-Hydrogen Exchangers / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*
chemical_list: D000578:Amidines; D007211:Indoles; C121094:SM 20550; D017923:Sodium-Hydrogen Exchangers