title: NMR of glycogen in exercise.
abstract: Natural-abundance 13C NMR spectroscopy is a non-invasive technique that enables in vivo assessments of muscle and/or liver glycogen concentrations. Over the last several years, 13C NMR has been developed and used to obtain information about human glycogen metabolism with diet and exercise. Since NMR is non-invasive, more data points are available over a specified time course, dramatically improving the time resolution. This improved time resolution has enabled the documentation of subtleties of muscle glycogen re-synthesis following severe glycogen depletion that were not previously observed. Muscle and liver glycogen concentrations have been tracked in several different human populations under conditions that include: (1) muscle glycogen recovery from intense localized exercise with normal insulin and with insulin suppressed; (2) muscle glycogen recovery in an insulin-resistant population; (3) muscle glycogen depletion during prolonged low-intensity exercise; (4) effect of a mixed meal on postprandial muscle and liver glycogen synthesis. The present review focuses on basic 13C NMR and gives results from selected studies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA. price@boreas.med.yale.edu
authors.forename: T B
authors.initials: TB
authors.lastname: Price
authors.forename: D L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Rothman
authors.forename: R G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Shulman
mesh_terms: D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D005502:Food; D006003:Glycogen / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D007328:Insulin; D006003:Glycogen