title: Intestinal absorption of beta-carotene ingested with a meal rich in sunflower oil or beef tallow: postprandial appearance in triacylglycerol-rich lipoproteins in women.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Evidence indicates that different types of fat have different effects on the postprandial plasma triacylglycerol response. Therefore, the type of fat may influence the appearance of beta-carotene in postprandial triacylglycerol-rich lipoproteins, which is used as an indicator of intestinal beta-carotene absorption.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We compared in female subjects the appearance of beta-carotene in plasma triacylglycerol-rich lipoproteins after beta-carotene was ingested with a meal containing sunflower oil or beef tallow.
  
  
  METHODS
  Women (n = 11) each ingested 2 different vitamin A-free, fat-rich meals that were supplemented with beta-carotene (47 micromol) and contained equivalent amounts (60 g) of sunflower oil or beef tallow. Blood samples were collected hourly from 0 to 10 h; additional samples were collected at selected intervals until 528 h. In a subgroup of the women (n = 7), plasma chylomicrons and 3 subfractions of VLDLs were separated by cumulative rate ultracentrifugation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The appearance of beta-carotene in chylomicrons and in each VLDL subfraction was lower after ingestion with the meal containing sunflower oil than after ingestion with the meal containing beef tallow (P < 0.03). In chylomicrons, the area under the concentration-versus-time curve (AUC) for beta-carotene was 38.1 +/- 13.6% lower (P < 0.03); in contrast, the AUC for triacylglycerol was higher (P < 0.05) after the sunflower-oil-rich meal than after the beef-tallow-rich meal.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Ingestion of beta-carotene with a meal rich in sunflower oil as compared with a meal rich in beef tallow results in lower appearance of beta-carotene and greater appearance of triacylglycerol in triacylglycerol-rich lipoproteins.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition and the Center for Designing Foods to Improve Nutrition, Iowa State University, Ames 50011-1120, USA.
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Jandacek
authors.forename: W S
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: White
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D002914:Chylomicrons / Q000737:chemistry; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000378:metabolism*; D004224:Diterpenes; D005223:Fats / Q000378:metabolism; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007408:Intestinal Absorption / Q000502:physiology*; D008074:Lipoproteins / Q000097:blood / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL / Q000737:chemistry; D008079:Lipoproteins, VLDL / Q000737:chemistry; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000378:metabolism; D019518:Postprandial Period; D000084562:Retinyl Esters; D000074242:Sunflower Oil; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood; D014461:Ultracentrifugation; D014801:Vitamin A / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000378:metabolism; D019207:beta Carotene / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D002914:Chylomicrons; D004041:Dietary Fats; D004224:Diterpenes; D005223:Fats; D005227:Fatty Acids; D008074:Lipoproteins; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL; D008079:Lipoproteins, VLDL; D010938:Plant Oils; D000084562:Retinyl Esters; D000074242:Sunflower Oil; D014280:Triglycerides; D019207:beta Carotene; D014801:Vitamin A; C014794:retinol palmitate; C013698:tallow