title: Rand-Stein analgesia protocol for cataract surgery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe the safety and efficacy of an analgesia protocol that enables the surgeon to maintain control over an alert patient experiencing seemingly painless ambulatory cataract surgery, while eliminating the risks and side effects associated with general, local, topical, and intracameral anesthesia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Noncomparative, interventional case series.
  
  
  METHODS
  Five thousand one hundred sixty-eight consecutive cataract surgery cases operated on by the same surgeon from April 1, 1993 through June 1, 1998.
  
  
  METHODS
  This technique produces profound ocular analgesia, avoiding any undesired sedative effects, using very low-dose, titrated, intravenous alfentanil. Complete control of the uncooperative patient, including lid squeezing and ocular and general body movements, is obtainable whenever necessary using very low-dose, titrated, intravenous methohexital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Success was defined as surgery completed in a controlled manner without the need to convert to general, local, topical, or intracameral anesthesia and the patient's experience being perceived as pain free.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One hundred percent of the cases were successful without ever deviating from the protocol.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This analgesia protocol offers advantages for cataract surgery. It virtually eliminates the morbidity of cataract surgery associated with other anesthesia techniques while providing excellent and reliable control. It allows for an immediate postoperative recovery with instantaneous vision restoration. These patients are generally awake, alert, and retain their protective reflexes.
authors.affiliation: Rand Eye Institute, Pompano Beach, Florida 33064, USA.
authors.forename: W J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Rand
authors.forename: S C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Stein
authors.forename: G E
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Velazquez
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015760:Alfentanil / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000698:Analgesia / Q000379:methods*; D000771:Anesthesia, Intravenous / Q000379:methods; D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008723:Methohexital / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008874:Midazolam / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008875:Middle Aged; D018918:Phacoemulsification; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012449:Safety
chemical_list: D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous; D015760:Alfentanil; D008723:Methohexital; D008874:Midazolam