title: Intranuclear localization of proliferating cell nuclear antigen during the cell cycle in renal cell carcinoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate, with laser scanning cytometry (LSC), proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) expression during the cell cycle in renal cell carcinoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  DNA ploidy and intracellular localization of PCNA in renal cell carcinoma were determined using LSC and immunohistochemistry. The subjects were nine patients who had received surgery for renal cell carcinoma. After DNA ploidy analysis, the glass slides were restained by immunohistochemistry of PCNA. LSC allowed direct observation of PCNA localization during the cell cycle because we could obtain immunohistochemical staining of PCNA as a function of cell cycle phase for individual cells.
  
  
  RESULTS
  PCNA was not demonstrated in the nuclei of G0/G1 cells. PCNA expression increased from the S phase of the cell cycle. PCNA rapidly degraded at the end of the G2 phase. In the late G2 and M phase, PCNA was not detected in almost any nucleus.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  LSC allows morphologic observation of the intracellular distribution of PCNA during the cell cycle in renal cell carcinoma.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan. kawamura@kanazawa-med.ac.jp
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kawamura
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ikeda
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fujikawa-Yamamoto
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Suzuki
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000782:Aneuploidy; D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D002453:Cell Cycle; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm / Q000032:analysis; D005260:Female; D005453:Fluorescence; D006801:Humans; D019044:Image Cytometry / Q000379:methods; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D007834:Lasers; D007890:Leiomyosarcoma / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000166:cytology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011003:Ploidies; D018809:Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen / Q000096:biosynthesis*
chemical_list: D004273:DNA, Neoplasm; D018809:Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen