title: Synergistic effect of polymorphisms in uncoupling protein 1 and beta3-adrenergic receptor genes on long-term body weight change in Finnish type 2 diabetic and non-diabetic control subjects.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the independent and combined effects of the Trp64Arg polymorphism of the beta3-adrenergic receptor (beta3AR) gene and the (-3826) A-->G polymorphism of the uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) gene on body weight change in type 2 diabetic and non-diabetic control subjects during a 10y follow-up study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Controlled 10y follow-up study with baseline, 5 and 10y examinations.
  
  
  METHODS
  70 newly diagnosed, middle-aged type 2 diabetic patients and 123 non-diabetic control subjects from eastern Finland.
  
  
  METHODS
  Anthropometric measurements, blood pressure, oral glucose tolerance test, plasma insulin, plasma C-peptide and HbA1c. Genotypes by polymerase chain reaction followed by enzymatic digestion.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No significant differences were found in the frequencies of the two polymorphisms between diabetic and control subjects. The polymorphisms were not cross-sectionally or longitudinally associated with body weight or BMI in diabetic or control subjects. When the diabetic and control subjects were analysed together, the change in the mean body weight was significantly greater among the subjects with both polymorphisms (n = 11) than among those with no polymorphisms (n = 103; change in weight 6.5 +/- 2.5% vs -0.2 +/- 0.8%, P=0.036, and change in Body Mass Index 8.5 +/- 2.6% vs 2.0 +/- 0.8%, P= 0.060, mean +/- s.e.m.).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The simultaneous existence of the two polymorphisms was associated with a tendency to gain weight suggesting a synergistic effect of these polymorphisms on body weight gain.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Nutrition, University of Kuopio, Finland. ksiveniu@hytti.uku.fi
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sivenius
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Valve
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Lindi
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Niskanen
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Laakso
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Uusitupa
mesh_terms: D000886:Anthropometry; D002096:C-Peptide / Q000097:blood; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005838:Genotype; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D007473:Ion Channels; D008297:Male; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D008875:Middle Aged; D024101:Mitochondrial Proteins; D009765:Obesity / Q000235:genetics*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D011943:Receptors, Adrenergic, beta / Q000235:genetics*; D022702:Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-3; D000071256:Uncoupling Protein 1; D015430:Weight Gain / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D002096:C-Peptide; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D007328:Insulin; D007473:Ion Channels; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D024101:Mitochondrial Proteins; D011943:Receptors, Adrenergic, beta; D022702:Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-3; D000071256:Uncoupling Protein 1; C000604371:UCP1 protein, human