title: Physiological effects of a fish oil supplement on captive juvenile tuatara (Sphenodon punctatus).
abstract: Tuatara (Sphenodon, Order Sphenodontia) are rare New Zealand reptiles whose conservation involves captive breeding. Wild tuatara eat seabirds, which contain high levels of the long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). These fatty acids are absent from the captive diet, and consequently, plasma fatty acid composition of wild and captive tuatara differs. This study investigated the effects of incorporating EPA and DHA into the diet of captive juvenile tuatara (Sphenodon punctatus) in an attempt to replicate the plasma fatty acid composition of wild tuatara. Tuatara receiving a fish oil supplement containing EPA and DHA showed overall changes in their plasma fatty acid composition. Phospholipid EPA and DHA increased markedly, reaching 10.0% and 5.9 mol%, respectively, by 18 mo (cf. </=0.9% in controls). A reduced dosage from 18 to 24 mo probably still provided a higher n-3 PUFA content than the diet of wild juveniles. The fish oil supplement had no significant effects over 2 yr on growth rate, food conversion efficiency, or metabolism compared with controls; all juveniles survived and grew. Further study is required to determine whether a fish oil supplement would have long-term benefits for captive tuatara.
authors.affiliation: Department of Zoology, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin, New Zealand.
authors.forename: T A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Blair
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cree
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Skeaff
authors.forename: N M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Grimmond
mesh_terms: D000824:Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D000818:Animals; D000836:Animals, Zoo / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000662:veterinary; D002855:Chromatography, Thin Layer / Q000662:veterinary; D003247:Conservation of Natural Resources; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000378:metabolism*; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3 / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D005395:Fish Oils / Q000378:metabolism; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009520:New Zealand; D010101:Oxygen Consumption / Q000502:physiology; D010743:Phospholipids / Q000097:blood; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000378:metabolism; D012104:Reptiles / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D004041:Dietary Fats; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3; D005395:Fish Oils; D010743:Phospholipids; D010938:Plant Oils; D014280:Triglycerides; D002784:Cholesterol