Experimental study on skin sensitization potencies and cross-reactivities of hair-dye-related chemicals in guinea pigs.
In screening patch testing of hairdressers with occupational contact dermatitis, multiple positive reactions to hair dye-related chemicals, such as p-phenylenediamine (PPD), p-toluenediamine x 2HCl (PTD) and p-aminophenol (PAP), a fabric dye p-aminoazobenzene (PAB), and a tar dye Sudan III, were frequently encountered. To investigate individual skin sensitization potency and the cross-reactivities among above chemicals, a guinea pig maximization test with the above 5 chemicals was performed. In each group, 6 animals were induced with one of the chemicals at 0.1% concentration by intradermal injection and at 1.0% by topical application. The animals were challenged with all 5 chemicals in concentrations of dilution by 10 from 0.1% to 0.001%. Under the conditions of 0.1% challenges, similar sensitization potencies were observed in PPD (6/6), PTD (6/6), PAP (5/6) and PAB (6/6) groups, but no positive reactions were elicited in the Sudan III group. The cross-reactivities to PPD were confirmed in the animals challenged with PTD (6/6), PAP (6/6), PAB (6/6) and Sudan III (3/6). In the PTD-induced group, positive responses to cross-challenges were elicited by PPD (5/6), PAP (3/6), PAB (5/6) and Sudan III (1/6). The cross-reactivities to PAP were observed only with PPD (2/5) and PAB (5/5). PAB-induced animals responded only to PPD (1/6). The results indicate that all these chemicals except Sudan III are strong sensitizers. Their cross-reactivities are different in sensitized conditions, respectively. The cross-reactivities to PPD were higher than those to PTD, PAP and PAB.
Xie
Z
Z
Department of Environmental Dermatology, Nagoya University School of Medicine, Japan.
Hayakawa
R
R
Sugiura
M
M
Kojima
H
H
Konishi
H
H
Ichihara
G
G
Takeuchi
Y
Y
D000627:Aminophenols / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000276:immunology; D000818:Animals; D001391:Azo Compounds / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000276:immunology; D003429:Cross Reactions; D003877:Dermatitis, Contact / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology / Q000276:immunology; D005260:Female; D006168:Guinea Pigs; D006202:Hair Dyes / Q000009:adverse effects*; D010328:Patch Tests; D010655:Phenylenediamines / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000276:immunology; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014373:Tuberculin / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000276:immunology; D010128:p-Aminoazobenzene / Q000009:adverse effects
D000627:Aminophenols; D001391:Azo Compounds; D006202:Hair Dyes; D010655:Phenylenediamines; D014373:Tuberculin; C027667:2-aminophenol; C007303:2,5-diaminotoluene; D010128:p-Aminoazobenzene; C033006:sudan III