title: The tyrosine kinase inhibitor CGP 57148 (ST1 571) induces apoptosis in BCR-ABL-positive cells by down-regulating BCL-X.
abstract: CGP 57148 is a potent inhibitor of the ABL protein tyrosine kinase and a promising new compound for the treatment of a variety of BCR-ABL-positive leukemias. We used this enzyme inhibitor to characterize the biological effects of BCR-ABL in primary cells and two growth factor-dependent BCR-ABL-transfected cell lines. The effect of CGP 57148 on primary cells is dependent on the stage of differentiation. The growth of maturing chronic myeloid leukemia cells is independent of BCR-ABL in the presence of growth factors. However, the proliferation of leukemic immature cobblestone-forming area cells is almost completely blocked after the inhibition of the BCR-ABL kinase. In the BCR-ABL-transfected cell lines, M07/ p210 and Ba/F3/p185, CGP 57148 induces apoptosis by releasing cytochrome c, activating caspase 3, and cleavage of PARP. No alteration of the expression level of the apoptosis regulator BCL-2 was observed. In contrast, BCL-X was down-regulated after exposure to CGP 57148. Inhibitors of signal transduction proteins such as PI-3 kinase, mitogen-activated protein/extracellular signal-regulated kinase kinase, and Janus-activated kinase 2 pathways were not capable of a comparable down-regulation of BCL-X. The Fas/Fas ligand system was not involved either in the induction of apoptosis by CGP 57148. We conclude that the inhibition of the BCR-ABL kinase by CGP 57148 (a) preferentially inhibits the growth of immature leukemic precursor cells, (b) efficiently reverts the antiapoptotic effects of BCR-ABL by down-regulation of BCL-X, and (c) is more effective than the inhibition of the downstream signal transduction pathways of PI-3 kinase, mitogen-activated protein/extracellular signal-regulated kinase kinase, and Janus-activated kinase 2.
authors.affiliation: 2nd Department of Internal Medicine for Oncology, Hematology and Immunology, Robert Bosch Hospital, Stuttgart, Germany.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Oetzel
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Jonuleit
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Götz
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: van der Kuip
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Michels
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Duyster
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hallek
authors.forename: W E
authors.initials: WE
authors.lastname: Aulitzky
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D001549:Benzamides; D053148:Caspase 3; D020169:Caspases / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D002452:Cell Count / Q000187:drug effects; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D002867:Chromones / Q000494:pharmacology; D003574:Cytochrome c Group / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D003600:Cytosol / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D015536:Down-Regulation; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D053222:Fas Ligand Protein; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000494:pharmacology; D016044:Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D000068877:Imatinib Mesylate; D015464:Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000378:metabolism; D009025:Morpholines / Q000494:pharmacology; D010879:Piperazines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011065:Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases / Q000378:metabolism; D011485:Protein Binding; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D011743:Pyrimidines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D020032:Tyrphostins / Q000494:pharmacology; D051020:bcl-X Protein; D019014:fas Receptor / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: C494811:BCL2L1 protein, human; D001549:Benzamides; D002867:Chromones; D003574:Cytochrome c Group; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; C505661:FASLG protein, human; D053222:Fas Ligand Protein; D005419:Flavonoids; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D009025:Morpholines; D010879:Piperazines; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D011743:Pyrimidines; D020032:Tyrphostins; C095512:alpha-cyano-(3,4-dihydroxy)-N-benzylcinnamide; D051020:bcl-X Protein; D019014:fas Receptor; C085911:2-(4-morpholinyl)-8-phenyl-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one; D000068877:Imatinib Mesylate; D011065:Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; D016044:Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl; C505407:CASP3 protein, human; D053148:Caspase 3; D020169:Caspases; C093973:2-(2-amino-3-methoxyphenyl)-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one