title: Inducible expression of basic transcription element-binding protein 2 in proliferating smooth muscle cells at the vascular anastomotic stricture.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells surrounding a suture line is an important factor in the development of anastomotic stricture that is frequently seen after coronary artery bypass grafting. The aim of this study was to investigate the time course of intimal thickening and to examine the expression of the molecular marker of smooth muscle cell activation surrounding the suture line.
  
  
  METHODS
  Longitudinal aortotomy was performed in the abdominal aorta of rats. The rats were put to death 1, 2, 4, and 8 weeks after aortotomy, and the percentage of the lumen occluded by intimal thickening was calculated. All tissues were stained with antibodies against basic transcription element- binding protein 2, human cyclin-dependent kinase (cdk4), and Sp1 for immunohistochemistry. Basic transcription element-binding protein 2 is a transcription factor that is involved in phenotypic modulation of vascular smooth muscle cells. Cdk4 represents a marker for G(1) phase of the cell cycle. Sp1 is a transcription factor known to be expressed in a variety of tissues. Basic transcription element-binding protein 2 messenger RNA expression was confirmed by means of reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We noted significant thickening of the intimal layer 1 week after aortotomy. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated that smooth muscle cells in the neointima were strongly positive for basic transcription element-binding protein 2 and human cyclin-dependent kinase 4, which peaked 2 weeks after aortotomy. Basic transcription element-binding protein 2 expression was closely associated with human cyclin-dependent kinase 4 expression in the neointima, although Sp1 was not. Basic transcription element-binding protein 2 messenger RNA levels were significantly up-regulated early after aortotomy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The experimental rat aortotomy model is useful to investigate the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells around the suture line. Moreover, our results suggest the possible role of basic transcription element-binding protein 2 in the development of vascular anastomotic strictures.
authors.affiliation: Second Department of Surgery and the Second Department of Internal Medicine, Gunma University School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ogata
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kurabayashi
authors.forename: Y i
authors.initials: Yi
authors.lastname: Hoshino
authors.forename: K i
authors.initials: Ki
authors.lastname: Sekiguchi
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ishikawa
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Morishita
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Nagai
mesh_terms: D000714:Anastomosis, Surgical; D000818:Animals; D001012:Aorta, Abdominal / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D015415:Biomarkers; D015139:Blotting, Southern; D051358:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 4; D018844:Cyclin-Dependent Kinases / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D015870:Gene Expression; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D051741:Kruppel-Like Transcription Factors; D008297:Male; D009131:Muscle, Smooth, Vascular / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D016329:Sp1 Transcription Factor / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D015534:Trans-Activators / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics*; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; C492214:KLF5 protein, human; C492215:Klf5 protein, rat; D051741:Kruppel-Like Transcription Factors; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D016329:Sp1 Transcription Factor; D015534:Trans-Activators; C495903:Cdk4 protein, rat; D051358:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 4; D018844:Cyclin-Dependent Kinases