The stress response is repressed during fermentation in brewery strains of yeast.
Yeast cells encounter a variety of environmental stresses during brewing and must respond to ensure cell survival. Cells can respond to stress by inducing a Heat Shock Response in which heat shock proteins (Hsps) are synthesized. In laboratory strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the heat shock protein, Hsp104, plays a major role in the acquisition of tolerance to a variety of stresses such as heat, ethanol and sodium arsenite, and as such acts as an excellent stress indicator. The induction of Hsp104 in bottom-and top-fermenting brewery strains was examined when grown under laboratory and industrial fermentation conditions, and it was found that each brewing strain exhibits its own unique pattern of Hsp104 expression. During industrial fermentations, brewery strains are capable of mounting a stress response at the early stages of fermentation. However, as the fermentation proceeds, the response is repressed. The results suggest that conditions experienced in industrial brewing prevent the activation of the stress response. This study increases our understanding of alterations in gene expression patterns during the brewing process, and yields information that will aid in the definition of best practice in yeast management.
Brosnan
M P
MP
Department of Microbiology, Moyne Institute of Preventive Medicine, Trinity College, University of Dublin and Guinness R & D, Guinness Brewery, Dublin, Ireland.
Donnelly
D
D
James
T C
TC
Bond
U
U
D000332:Aerobiosis; D015153:Blotting, Western; D003470:Culture Media / Q000737:chemistry; D004591:Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; D005285:Fermentation; D005656:Fungal Proteins / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D005947:Glucose; D006360:Heat-Shock Proteins / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D018869:Heat-Shock Response; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins; D013696:Temperature; D013997:Time Factors
D003470:Culture Media; D005656:Fungal Proteins; D006360:Heat-Shock Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins; C070972:HsP104 protein, S cerevisiae; D005947:Glucose