title: Quality of life measures in epilepsy: how well can they detect change over time?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the ability of health-related quality of life (HRQOL) measures to detect change over time in persons with epilepsy.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  The application of HRQOL measures in clinical trials has been limited by a dearth of information regarding their abilities to measure change over time (i.e., their responsiveness). To calculate responsiveness, one must categorize subjects as "changed" or "unchanged" by a priori criteria.
  
  
  METHODS
  The authors analyzed data collected at baseline and at 28-week follow-up from an antiepileptic drug trial. Two different criteria for classifying subjects as changed or unchanged-one based on seizure frequency (where changed = attainment of seizure freedom) and one based on self-reported overall condition (where changed = improvement in overall condition)-were used. We compared responsiveness indices for two generic (Short Form [SF]-36 and SF-12) and two epilepsy-targeted (Quality of Life in Epilepsy [QOLIE]-89 and QOLIE-31) HRQOL measures. Two scoring procedures for the SF-36, one based on classic test theory and the other on item response theory (IRT), were compared.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Effect sizes of the most responsive HRQOL measures were medium to large. The shorter epilepsy-targeted measure had similar responsiveness indices to those of the longer measure. Epilepsy-targeted measures were consistently more responsive than generic measures under the overall condition criterion, but for the seizure freedom criterion, IRT scoring of the SF-36 yielded responsiveness indices comparable to those of the epilepsy-targeted measures.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Epilepsy-targeted health-related quality of life measures may be preferable to generic ones in longitudinal studies. Selection of a shorter epilepsy-targeted measure does not compromise responsiveness. Item response theory scoring should be applied to epilepsy-targeted HRQOL measures.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Robert Wood Johnson Clinical Scholars Program, University of California at Los Angeles, USA. gdike@ucla.edu
authors.forename: G L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Birbeck
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: R D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Hays
authors.forename: B G
authors.initials: BG
authors.lastname: Vickrey
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000927:Anticonvulsants / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D004569:Electroencephalography / Q000187:drug effects; D004827:Epilepsy / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011594:Psychometrics; D011788:Quality of Life; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D018434:Sickness Impact Profile; D020888:Vigabatrin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects
chemical_list: D000927:Anticonvulsants; D020888:Vigabatrin