title: Persistent dysphagia after laparoscopic vagotomy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Laparoscopic vagotomy represents a new and less invasive treatment for peptic ulcer disease, but the problem of postvagotomy dysphagia has not been solved. The aim of this study was to determine the etiologic factors related to long-term laparoscopic postvagotomy dysphagia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two female and 11 male patients with a mean age of 48.5 years who underwent laparoscopic vagotomy were investigated retrospectively. Preoperative diagnosis included duodenal ulcer resistant to medical treatment, gastric hypersecretion, gastric outlet obstruction, cholelithiasis, and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Ten patients underwent laparoscopic highly selective vagotomy, and three patients had laparoscopic truncal vagotomy with gastrojejunostomy or pyloroplasty. Nine of these patients had a Nissen fundoplication in conjunction with the vagotomy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The median long-term follow-up period was 47 months. Two patients complained of severe dysphagia, one of moderate dysphagia, and two of mild dysphagia. Neither type of vagotomy nor an additional fundoplication was correlated with the severity of postoperative long-term dysphagia. Severity of postoperative dysphagia was associated with severity of preoperative dysphagia (r = 0.752, p = 0.003) but not with heartburn (r = 0.358, p = 0.531) or regurgitation (r = 0.024, p = 0.938). The cause of preoperative dysphagia varied; however, all of these patients had GERD and consequent esophageal lesions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Preexisting dysphagia appears to play an integral role in persistent postoperative dysphagia. Care must be taken to construct a loose fundoplication in patients with dysphagia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Creighton University, 601 North 30th Street, Omaha, NE 68131, USA.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shiino
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Filipi
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Hinder
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tomonaga
authors.forename: Z T
authors.initials: ZT
authors.lastname: Awad
authors.forename: R E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Marsh
mesh_terms: D002769:Cholelithiasis / Q000601:surgery; D003680:Deglutition Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology*; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D004381:Duodenal Ulcer / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D017219:Gastric Outlet Obstruction / Q000601:surgery; D005764:Gastroesophageal Reflux / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014628:Vagotomy / Q000009:adverse effects*