title: Bronchodilators for bronchiolitis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Bronchiolitis is an acute, highly communicable lower respiratory tract infection. Bronchodilators are commonly used in the management of bronchiolitis in North America, but not in the United Kingdom. The objective of this review was to assess the effects of bronchodilators for bronchiolitis.
  
  
  METHODS
  We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, Reference Update, reference lists of articles, and the files of two of the authors up to June 1998.
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomised trials comparing bronchodilators with placebo in the treatment of bronchiolitis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two reviewers independently assessed trial quality and extracted data. Unpublished data were requested from authors when necessary.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In eight trials with 394 children, 46% demonstrated an improved clinical score with bronchodilators compared to 75% with placebo (odds ratio for no improvement 0.29, 95% confidence interval 0.19 to 0.45). However, the inclusion of studies that enrolled people with recurrent wheezes may have biased these results in favour of bronchodilators. Bronchodilator recipients did not show improvement in measures of oxygenation, the rate of hospitalisation (18% versus 26%, odds ratio 0.70, 95% confidence interval 0.36 to 1.35) or duration of hospitalisation (weighted mean difference 0.12, 95% confidence interval -0.3 to 0.5).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Bronchodilators produce modest short-term improvement in clinical scores. This small benefit must be weighed against the costs of these agents.
authors.affiliation: Alberta Children's Hospital, 1820 Richmond Road SW, Calgary, Alberta, Canada, T2T 5C7. jim.kellner@crha-health.ab.ca
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Kellner
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ohlsson
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Gadomski
authors.forename: E E
authors.initials: EE
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D001988:Bronchiolitis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D001993:Bronchodilator Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans
chemical_list: D001993:Bronchodilator Agents