title: [Tooth and jaw injuries following violence--diagnosis and treatment in emergency department].
abstract: Research over the last decade has confirmed that facial injuries caused by violence occur most frequently among young males, often under the influence of alcohol, and less frequently in women and children following domestic violence. Evidence of injuries may be used in court or in claims for compensation, and must be carefully documented. Facial asymmetry, deviation of the mandible in opening, altered occlusion and/or abrasions under the chin may be indications of jaw fractures; such patients are referred to oral surgery units for further treatment. Lacerations and ulceration in the oral mucous membrane should be treated as skin wounds. A fractured tooth should be referred to a general dental practitioner. Luxated teeth should be carefully replaced and immediately referred to a dentist for fixation. Completely avulsed teeth should immediately be replaced, preferably at the site of the accident, or immediately upon arrival at the clinic. Prompt referral to a dental practitioner for follow-up treatment is essential for the success of replantations. Additional documentation of the injury may be provided by photographs, radiographs and drawings. The letter of referral to the dentist should contain the following information: data on the patient, the circumstances, clinical findings, treatment performed and prescriptions given, together with advice given to the patient.
authors.affiliation: Avdeling for oral kirurgi og oral medisin Det odontologiske fakultet, Oslo.
authors.forename: S I
authors.initials: SI
authors.lastname: Kvaal
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kvaal
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D017579:Domestic Violence; D004636:Emergency Service, Hospital; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007572:Jaw Fractures / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D008297:Male; D008338:Mandibular Injuries / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D008446:Maxillofacial Injuries / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000628:therapy; D008488:Medical Illustration; D009664:Norway; D012017:Referral and Consultation; D012042:Registries; D014082:Tooth Fractures / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D018677:Tooth Injuries / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000628:therapy; D014754:Violence