title: Diel variations in respiration, excretion rates, and nutritional status of zooplankton from the Pampulha Reservoir, Belo Horizonte, MG.
abstract: This investigation is focused on the experimental determination of diel cycles of metabolic activity of zooplankton in a tropical reservoir. Water and zooplankton used in laboratory experiments were collected from the Pampulha reservoir. The experimental units were incubated in the light (1500 Lux) and in the dark at 25.0 +/- 1.0 degrees C during different periods of the diel cycle. At the end of each experiment, the following variables were measured: temperature, dissolved oxygen, ammonia, and orthophosphate as well as the composition, abundance and dry weight of the zooplankton. The specific respiration and excretion rates were determined considering the differences in concentration between experimental and control units. The effect of diurnal cycle on respiration rates was clearly more intense than the effect of light. The average values of respiration rates obtained in the morning hours oscillated between 0. 015 and 0.016 mgO(2)mgDW. hr(-1) (light and dark incubations). At night, these rates were higher and ranged from 0.020 to 0.035 mgO(2)mgDW. hr(-1). Increased biomass of zooplankton and longer incubation times produced lower respiration rates. The excretion rates of ammonia were higher at night, reaching a mean value of 4.2 microgN-NH(4)/mg DW. hr(-1) in illuminated units. The phosphate excretion rates were more elevated in the morning, reaching 0.58 microgP-PO(4)/mg/DW. hr(-1) illuminated vessels. The nanoplankton was able to actively absorb ammonia as well as phosphate. The highest ammonia absorption rates were measured at night, whereas the nanoplankton absorbed phosphorus only in the morning hours. The nutritional status of zooplankton also showed short-term variations. The mean phosphorus content of zooplankton biomass also varied between day and night as well as with incubation time. It ranged from 0.58-2.17%, whereas organic matter variation was more conservative, oscillating around 70-92% in all occasions.
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, Conservação e Manejo da Vida Silvestre (ECMVS), Dept Biologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), CEP 30161-970, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
authors.forename: C F
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Macedo
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Pinto-Coelho
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018533:Biomass; D002940:Circadian Rhythm; D008660:Metabolism; D009752:Nutritional Status; D010100:Oxygen / Q000378:metabolism*; D013696:Temperature; D014329:Tropical Climate; D015048:Zooplankton / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D010100:Oxygen