title: Endoscopic injection sclerotherapy for esophageal varices prolonged survival of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma complicating liver cirrhosis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A prospective controlled study was performed between 1982 and 1991 to evaluate the efficacy of endoscopic injection sclerotherapy (EIS) in patients with esophageal varices complicated by hepatocellular carcinoma and liver cirrhosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study included 83 patients with esophageal varices, hepatocellular carcinoma, and liver cirrhosis. Forty-three patients (group 1) underwent prophylactic EIS or emergent EIS for bleeding varices. EIS was performed weekly 4 to 6 times until the varices disappeared. The remaining 40 patients (group 2) underwent conservative therapy and did not undergo EIS. Survival rates were compared between the 2 groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During the 5-year observational period, all patients who did not undergo EIS died. Sixteen in group 2 (40.0%) died of gastrointestinal bleeding including ruptured esophageal varices. In contrast, patients treated with EIS survived significantly longer (p<0.001). Nine patients (20.9%) treated with EIS experienced gastrointestinal bleeding as a result of which 5 (11.6%) died. EIS prolonged survival in patients classified as Child's A or B but did not affect survival in patients with Child's C hepatic function. EIS was effective in prolonging survival in patients with hepatocellular carcinomas smaller than 5 cm. However, EIS had no effect in patients with hepatocellular carcinomas that were larger than 5 cm. EIS prolonged survival only for patients with nodular hepatocellular carcinoma and had no effect in patients with massive and diffuse hepatocellular carcinoma. Further, EIS prolonged survival only for patients who did not have portal vein thrombosis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Based on this prospective study, we concluded that EIS was effective in prolonging the survival period of a select subset of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Saga Medical School, and Uchida Memorial Hospital, Saga, Japan.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Iwakiri
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Koyama
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hirano
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Uchida
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ishibashi
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kuwahara
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Matsunaga
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sakata
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fujimoto
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000150:complications / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy*; D002423:Cause of Death; D004932:Esophageal and Gastric Varices / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy*; D004945:Esophagoscopy; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006471:Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D008103:Liver Cirrhosis / Q000150:complications / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy*; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015911:Sclerotherapy; D015996:Survival Rate