title: Transfer of patients receiving advanced mechanical circulatory support.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Improving results with ventricular assist devices have led to their wider clinical application. Centers can stabilize, support, and wean or transfer patients to regional transplant centers.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospectively collected data were reviewed to evaluate the clinical results of patients transferred to our institution while receiving advanced mechanical circulatory support.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Since 1993, 16 patients were accepted while receiving support with either extracorporeal membrane oxygenation or a ventricular assist device. The 10 male and 6 female patients ranged in age from 9 to 60 years (mean, 42.1 years). Thirteen had had cardiac surgical procedures, two had acute myocardial infarctions, and one had myocarditis. The distance transported ranged from 0.2 to 309 miles (mean, 132 miles). Twelve patients were transferred by ground, and 4 were transported by air. Seven patients were originally supported with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, 6 with centrifugal pumps, and 3 with ABIOMED ventricular assist devices (ABIOMED, Inc, Danvers, Mass). Two patients had clinical complications during transfer, and one had a cerebrovascular accident, recovered, was weaned, and survived. A second patient had hemodynamic deterioration. There were no technical complications associated with transport. Six patients were left on the original support device; 3 of the 6 were weaned and survived, and 3 died during support. The 10 remaining patients were switched to other ventricular assist devices: 9 patients to Thoratec devices (Thoratec Laboratories, Pleasanton, Calif) and 1 patient to a Novacor device (Baxter Healthcare Corp, Novacor Division, Oakland, Calif). Six of the 10 patients underwent transplantation and survived. Four patients died while being supported by the devices. Nine patients were discharged, with 1 late death at 29 months. Eight patients are alive 4 to 65 months after discharge.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data suggest that patients receiving advanced support can be moved between clinical centers with acceptable risks. Because 33% of the survivors were weaned, transplantation is not required for survival.
authors.affiliation: Saint Louis University, Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, St Louis, MO, USA. mcbridlr@slu.edu
authors.forename: L R
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: McBride
authors.forename: G A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Lowdermilk
authors.forename: A C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Fiore
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Moroney
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Brannan
authors.forename: M T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Swartz
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy; D002648:Child; D003325:Coronary Care Units; D015199:Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation; D005260:Female; D006353:Heart-Assist Devices; D006785:Hospitals, University; D006801:Humans; D007902:Length of Stay; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010360:Patient Transfer; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D015996:Survival Rate