title: Open peer review: a randomised controlled trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Most scientific journals practise anonymous peer review. There is no evidence, however, that this is any better than an open system.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the feasibility of an open peer review system.
  
  
  METHODS
  Reviewers for the British Journal of Psychiatry were asked whether they would agree to have their name revealed to the authors whose papers they review; 408 manuscripts assigned to reviewers who agreed were randomised to signed or unsigned groups. We measured review quality, tone, recommendation for publication and time taken to complete each review.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 245 reviewers (76%) agreed to sign. Signed reviews were of higher quality, were more courteous and took longer to complete than unsigned reviews. Reviewers who signed were more likely to recommend publication.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study supports the feasibility of an open peer review system and identifies such a system's potential drawbacks.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Psychiatry, London.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Walsh
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rooney
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Appleby
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Wilkinson
mesh_terms: D005240:Feasibility Studies; D006801:Humans; D010380:Peer Review / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D011177:Postal Service; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires