title: Amino acid exchange by the mammary gland of lactating goats when histidine limits milk production.
abstract: The aim of this study was to monitor amino acid (AA) exchange kinetics of the mammary gland in response to an imposed limitation on His supply for milk production. Lactating goats (n = 4, approximately 120 DIM) were fed a low protein ration that provided only 77% of metabolizable protein and 100% of energy requirements for milk production. The protein deficiency was alleviated by infusion into the abomasum of an AA mixture (67 g/d) including (+H; 4.4 g/d) or excluding (-H) His. Goats were assigned to treatments (6 to 7 d) according to a switchback design. On the last day of the first two periods, [U-13C]AA were continuously infused i.v. for 7 h and arterial and mammary vein blood was withdrawn to determine plasma AA concentration and enrichment. Flow probes monitored mammary blood flow. The secretion and enrichments of AA in milk casein were monitored each hour. A three-pool model of the gland was used to derive bi-directional rates of plasma AA exchange. Arterial plasma His concentration was lower during -H infusion (8 vs. 73 microM), but those of other AA changed little. Responses to low levels of plasma His were: 1) mammary blood flow increased by approximately 33%; 2) the gland's capacity to remove plasma His increased 43-fold, whereas the gland's capacity for other AA declined by two- to threefold; and 3) influx and efflux of His by the gland decreased. Thus, as the reduction in His efflux was insufficient to offset the reduced influx, milk protein yield decreased from 118 to 97 g/d.
authors.affiliation: Rowett Research Institute, Aberdeen, Scotland. bjb@rri.sari.ac.uk
authors.forename: B J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Bequette
authors.forename: M D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Hanigan
authors.forename: A G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Calder
authors.forename: C K
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Reynolds
authors.forename: G E
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Lobley
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: MacRae
mesh_terms: D000596:Amino Acids / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood*; D000818:Animals; D001158:Arteries; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity; D002364:Caseins / Q000032:analysis; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005260:Female; D006041:Goats / Q000502:physiology*; D006639:Histidine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000172:deficiency*; D007700:Kinetics; D007774:Lactation; D008321:Mammary Glands, Animal / Q000098:blood supply*; D008892:Milk / Q000737:chemistry; D014680:Veins
chemical_list: D000596:Amino Acids; D002364:Caseins; D004044:Dietary Proteins; D006639:Histidine