title: The human nucleus accumbens is highly susceptible to G protein down-regulation by methamphetamine and heroin.
abstract: Although the nucleus accumbens is assumed to be a critical brain "pleasure center," its function in humans is unknown. As animal data suggest that a unique feature of this small brain area is its high sensitivity to down-regulation of an inhibitory G protein by drugs of abuse, we compared G protein levels in postmortem nucleus accumbens with those in seven other brain regions of chronic users of cocaine, methamphetamine, and heroin, and of matched controls. Biochemical changes were restricted to the nucleus accumbens in which concentrations of G(alpha)1 and/or G(alpha)2 were reduced by 32-49% in the methamphetamine and heroin users. This selective responsiveness to these abused drugs implies a special role for the human nucleus accumbens in mechanisms of drug reinforcement and suggests that some features of the drug-dependent state (e.g., tolerance) might be related to inhibition of G(alpha)1-linked receptor activity.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Sunnybrook and Women's College Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: E R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: McLeman
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Warsh
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ang
authors.forename: P P
authors.initials: PP
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: K S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Kalasinsky
authors.forename: B M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Ross
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tong
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Schmunk
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Adams
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Kish
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism; D002102:Cadaver; D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003042:Cocaine / Q000494:pharmacology; D015536:Down-Regulation; D005260:Female; D019204:GTP-Binding Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism; D003932:Heroin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008694:Methamphetamine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009294:Narcotics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009714:Nucleus Accumbens / Q000378:metabolism*; D012016:Reference Values; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants; D009294:Narcotics; D008694:Methamphetamine; D003932:Heroin; D019204:GTP-Binding Proteins; D003042:Cocaine