title: Clinical and economic effects of pulmonary artery catheterization in nonemergent coronary artery bypass graft surgery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the association between use of pulmonary artery catheterization with hospital outcomes and costs in nonemergent coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective cohort study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-six community-based hospitals in 26 states.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 13,907 patients undergoing nonemergent CABG surgery between January 1, 1997, and December 31, 1997.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Discharge abstracts for each patient were examined. Stratified and multivariate analyses were used to assess the impact of pulmonary artery catheters (PACs) on in-hospital mortality, length of stay in the intensive care unit, total length of stay, and hospital costs. Outcomes were adjusted for patient demographic factors, hospital characteristics, and hospital volume of PAC use in the year of analysis. Fifty-eight percent of the patients received a PAC. After adjustment, the relative risk of in-hospital mortality was 2.10 for the PAC group compared with the patients who did not receive a PAC (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.40 to 3.14; p < 0.001). The mortality risk was significantly higher in hospitals with the lowest third of PAC use (odds ratio, 3.35; 95% CI, 1.74 to 6.47; p < 0.001) and not significantly increased in the highest two thirds of users (odds ratio, 1.62; 95% CI, 0.99 to 2.66; p = 0.09). Days spent in critical care were similar; however, total length of hospital stay was 0.26 days longer in the PAC group (p < 0.001). Hospital costs were $1,402 higher in the PAC group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In the setting of nonemergent CABG surgery, pulmonary artery catheterization was associated with an increased risk of in-hospital mortality, greater length of stay, and higher total costs, particularly in hospitals with low volume of PAC use.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle 98103, USA.
authors.forename: S D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Ramsey
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Saint
authors.forename: S D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Sullivan
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Dey
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kelley
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bowdle
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002407:Catheterization, Swan-Ganz / Q000191:economics / Q000639:trends*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D001026:Coronary Artery Bypass / Q000191:economics / Q000639:trends*; D005260:Female; D017052:Hospital Mortality; D006801:Humans; D007902:Length of Stay; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D020379:Risk Adjustment