title: [Virtual reality in neurosurgery].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Virtual reality enables users to immerse themselves in a virtual three-dimensional world and to interact in this world. The simulation is different from the kind in computer games, in which the viewer is active but acts in a nonrealistic world, or on the TV screen, where we are passively driven in an active world. In virtual reality elements look realistic, they change their characteristics and have almost real-world unpredictability.
  Virtual reality is not only implemented in gambling dens and the entertainment industry but also in manufacturing processes (cars, furniture etc.), military applications and medicine. Especially the last two areas are strongly correlated, because telemedicine or telesurgery was originated for military reasons to operate on war victims from a secure distance or to perform surgery on astronauts in an orbiting space station. In medicine and especially neurosurgery virtual-reality methods are used for education, surgical planning and simulation on a virtual patient.
authors.affiliation: Neurochirurgische Universitätsklinik Heidelberg.
authors.forename: V M
authors.initials: VM
authors.lastname: Tronnier
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Staubert
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Bonsanto
authors.forename: C R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Wirtz
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kunze
mesh_terms: D019723:Endoscopes; D004867:Equipment Design; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000295:instrumentation*; D008866:Microsurgery / Q000295:instrumentation; D009493:Neurosurgery / Q000295:instrumentation*; D012371:Robotics; D013238:Stereotaxic Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation*; D013686:Telemetry / Q000295:instrumentation; D014584:User-Computer Interface