title: Gut peptide receptor expression in human pancreatic cancers.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the prevalence of gastrointestinal (GI) peptide receptor expression in pancreatic cancers, and to further assess signaling mechanisms regulating neurotensin (NT)-mediated pancreatic cancer growth.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Pancreatic cancer remains one of the leading causes of GI cancer death; novel strategies for the early detection and treatment of these cancers is required. Previously, the authors have shown that NT, an important GI hormone, stimulates the proliferation of an NT receptor (NTR)-positive pancreatic cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 26 human pancreatic adenocarcinomas, obtained after resection, and 5 pancreatic cancer xenografts were analyzed for expression of NTR, vasoactive intestinal peptide receptor (VIPR), substance P receptor (SPR), and gastrin-releasing peptide receptor (GRPR). In addition, NTR expression, [Ca2+]i mobilization, and growth in response to NT was determined in L3.6, a metastatic pancreatic cancer cell line.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Neurotensin receptor was expressed in 88% of the surgical specimens examined and all five of the pancreatic cancer xenografts. In contrast, VIPR, SPR, and GRPR expression was detected in 31%, 27%, and 8% of pancreatic cancers examined, respectively. Expression of NTR, functionally coupled to the Ca2+ signaling pathway, was identified in L3.6 cells; treatment with NT (10 micromol/L) stimulated proliferation of these cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The authors demonstrated NTR expression in most of the pancreatic adenocarcinomas examined. In contrast, VIPR, SPR, and GRPR expression was detected in fewer of the pancreatic cancers. The expression of NTR and other peptide receptors suggests the potential role of endocrine manipulation in the treatment of these cancers. Further, the presence of GI receptors may provide for targeted chemotherapy or radiation therapy or in vivo scintigraphy for early detection.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Surgery, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555-0536, USA.
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Ehlers
authors.forename: Sh
authors.initials: Sh
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: R T
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Ethridge
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Murrilo
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Hellmich
authors.forename: D B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Evans
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Townsend
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Mark Evers
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism*; D018004:Receptors, Bombesin / Q000378:metabolism; D018040:Receptors, Neurokinin-1 / Q000378:metabolism; D018013:Receptors, Neuropeptide / Q000378:metabolism*; D018005:Receptors, Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide / Q000378:metabolism; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology*; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D018004:Receptors, Bombesin; D018040:Receptors, Neurokinin-1; D018013:Receptors, Neuropeptide; D018005:Receptors, Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide