title: Phosphorescent porphyrin probes in biosensors and sensitive bioassays.
abstract: Platinum(II) and palladium(II) complexes of porphyrins and related tetrapyrrolic pigments emit strong phosphorescence at room temperatures, which is characterized by long lifetimes falling into the sub-millisecond range and long-wave spectral characteristics. These features make the dyes useful as probes for a number of bioanalytical applications, particularly those employing time-resolved fluorescent detection. They can provide high sensitivity and selectivity, together with rather simple instrumental set-up. A number of analytical systems are now under development that are based on the use of phosphorescent porphyrin probes. Experimental results are presented on the following systems: (i) fibre-optic phosphorescence lifetime-based oxygen sensor on the basis of hydrophobic platinum-porphyrins and development of advanced sensing materials and prototype instrumentation; (ii) practical applications of the optical oxygen sensor, including a sensitive immunosensor that employs glucose oxidase labels, a rapid screening method for cell viability in microtitre-plate format, non-destructive measurement of oxygen in packaged foods and reagentless biosensors for metabolites (glucose, lactate); and (iii) the use of water-soluble platinum- and palladium-porphyrins as labels for ultra-sensitive time-resolved phosphorescence immunoassays.
authors.affiliation: Biochemistry Department, National University of Ireland, Cork, Lee Maltings, Ireland.
authors.forename: D B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Papkovsky
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: O'Riordan
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Soini
mesh_terms: D001681:Biological Assay; D015374:Biosensing Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D002138:Calibration; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008163:Luminescent Measurements; D010100:Oxygen / Q000378:metabolism; D010984:Platinum; D011166:Porphyrins; D012568:Schizosaccharomyces / Q000378:metabolism; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D011166:Porphyrins; D010984:Platinum; D005947:Glucose; D010100:Oxygen