title: Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent kinase II and calcineurin play critical roles in endothelin-1-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy.
abstract: Endothelin-1 (ET-1) induces cardiac hypertrophy. Because Ca(2+) is a major second messenger of ET-1, the role of Ca(2+) in ET-1-induced hypertrophic responses in cultured cardiac myocytes of neonatal rats was examined. ET-1 activated the promoter of the beta-type myosin heavy chain gene (beta-MHC) (-354 to +34 base pairs) by about 4-fold. This activation was inhibited by chelation of Ca(2+) and the blocking of protein kinase C activity. Similarly, the beta-MHC promoter was activated by Ca(2+) ionophores and a protein kinase C activator. beta-MHC promoter activation induced by ET-1 was suppressed by pretreatment with the calmodulin inhibitor, W7, the Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent kinase II (CaMKII) inhibitor, KN62, and the calcineurin inhibitor, cyclosporin A. beta-MHC promoter activation by ET-1 was also attenuated by overexpression of dominant-negative mutants of CaMKII and calcineurin. ET-1 increased the activity of CaMKII and calcineurin in cardiac myocytes. Pretreatment with KN62 and cyclosporin A strongly suppressed ET-1-induced increases in [(3)H]phenylalanine uptake and in cell size. These results suggest that Ca(2+) plays a critical role in ET-1-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy by activating CaMKII- and calcineurin-dependent pathways.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan.
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zou
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Shiojima
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kudoh
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Aikawa
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hayashi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mizukami
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Toko
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Shibasaki
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yazaki
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Nagai
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Komuro
mesh_terms: D019307:1-(5-Isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-Methylpiperazine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D000001:Calcimycin / Q000494:pharmacology; D019703:Calcineurin / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D002118:Calcium / Q000502:physiology; D054732:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase Type 2; D017871:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D006332:Cardiomegaly / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D019332:Endothelin-1 / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D006321:Heart / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D015759:Ionomycin / Q000494:pharmacology; D007700:Kinetics; D008955:Models, Cardiovascular; D009206:Myocardium / Q000166:cytology*; D018995:Myosin Heavy Chains / Q000235:genetics; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000187:drug effects; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013449:Sulfonamides / Q000494:pharmacology; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate / Q000494:pharmacology; D014162:Transfection
chemical_list: D019332:Endothelin-1; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D013449:Sulfonamides; D000001:Calcimycin; D015759:Ionomycin; C063302:KN 62; C017967:W 7; D019307:1-(5-Isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-Methylpiperazine; D054732:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase Type 2; D017871:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases; D019703:Calcineurin; D018995:Myosin Heavy Chains; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate; D002118:Calcium