title: Bcl-2 immunostaining: a way to finding unresponsive postmenopausal N+ breast cancer patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Bcl-2 staining positivity has shown limited prognostic value. However, we have decided to study this issue in the era of mammography screening, and adjuvant treatment protocols.
  
  
  METHODS
  Paraffin sections of 414 breast cancers were stained for bcl-2 and staining intensity graded. Association of bcl-2 with established prognosticators was analysed with chi 2 test and odds ratios in 2 x 2 tables. Kaplan-Mayer analysis and Cox's regression were used to evaluate the prognostic value of bcl-2 and other prognosticators.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Bcl-2 immunostaining was associated with tumor size, lymph node status, histological type, multivariate prognostic index, standardized mitotic index, Ki-67 fraction, DNA-index, proportion of cells with DNA above 5c, estrogen receptor status, and histological grade. ER status showed the best association with bcl-2 positivity (odds ratio 11.3, 95% CI 5.6-22.7). In the whole group of patients bcl-2 positivity was not an independent prognosticator. However, among N+ patients bcl-2 staining was significant, and among postmenopausal N+ patients bcl-2 immunostaining was a stronger independent prognosticator than tumor size.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The prognosis of N+ breast cancers can potentially be evaluated with bcl-2 positivity, in association with tumor size, and mitotic activity. Among postmenopausal N+ patients, most of whom have received anti-estrogen therapy, bcl-2 positivity is an independent prognosticator. Also, the close association of bcl-2 positivity with ER status supports the view that bcl-2 negativity reveals a patient group which might benefit from additional treatment in association with anti-estrogen therapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, University of Turku, Finland.
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Jalava
authors.forename: Y U
authors.initials: YU
authors.lastname: Collan
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kuopio
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Juntti-Patinen
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kronqvist
mesh_terms: D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D016017:Odds Ratio; D017698:Postmenopause; D011379:Prognosis; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / Q000032:analysis*; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016019:Survival Analysis; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2