title: Angiotensin-converting enzyme and apolipoproteins genes polymorphism in coronary artery disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Association between angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) as well as apolipoprotein (apo) AI, B, and E polymorphisms and dyslipidemia and coronary artery disease (CAD) is controversial.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study assessed the distribution of ACE insertion/deletion, apo AI A/G mutation, apo B signal peptide insertion/deletion, apo B XbaI restriction fragment length, and apo E polymorphisms in 388 nondiabetic patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study population included 112 patients with stable CAD, 139 patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI), and 137 age-matched control subjects.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Univariate analysis showed higher prevalence of XbaI X+/X+ genotype in patients with CAD (p = 0.02). Angiotensin-converting enzyme and apo polymorphisms were not associated with lipid levels or severity of CAD. When all genotypes known to be related to CAD; such as ACE DD, apo AI GG, apo B del/del, and XbaI X+X+, and E4 allele of apo E, were pooled, again no significant differences among groups were seen. Multivariate regression analysis disclosed traditional risk factors and elevated levels of apo B for men and reduced levels of apo AI for women as independent variables for CAD.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In addition to traditional coronary risk factors, apo B and AI could be considered predictors of CAD. No association between either form of CAD and polymorphisms was noted.
authors.affiliation: Heart Institute, Clinical Department, São Paulo University, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: A P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Mansur
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Annicchino-Bizzacchi
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Favarato
authors.forename: S D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Avakian
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: César
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Ramires
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001053:Apolipoproteins / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics*; D001938:Brazil / Q000453:epidemiology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D006949:Hyperlipidemias / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic / Q000235:genetics*; D015995:Prevalence; D011336:Probability; D012016:Reference Values; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012307:Risk Factors; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
chemical_list: D001053:Apolipoproteins; D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A