title: Prediction of 1-year survival after thrombolysis for acute myocardial infarction in the global utilization of streptokinase and TPA for occluded coronary arteries trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  When a patient survives thrombolysis for acute myocardial infarction, little information from large studies exists from which to estimate prognosis during follow-up visits.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Baseline, in-hospital, and later survival data were collected from 41 021 patients enrolled in Global Utilization of Streptokinase and TPA for Occluded Coronary Arteries, a randomized trial of 4 thrombolytic-heparin regimens with standard aspirin and beta-blockade. Cox proportional hazards models were developed to predict 1-year survival in 30-day survivors (n=37 869) from baseline clinical and ECG factors and in-hospital factors; a combined model then was developed (C-index 0.800). The model was simplified into a nomogram to predict individual outcomes (C-index 0.754). Factors reflecting demographics (advanced age, lighter weight), larger infarctions (higher Killip class, lower blood pressure, faster heart rate, longer QRS duration), cardiac risk (smoking, hypertension, prior cerebrovascular disease), and arrhythmia were important predictors of death between 30 days and 1 year. Black race was associated with a substantial increase in risk after considering other factors. Revascularization was associated with reduced risk between 30 days and 1 year.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  When evaluating a patient who has survived acute infarction treated with thrombolysis, clinicians can estimate the likelihood of survival from factors easily measured during admission. Although many risk factors clearly relate to age, left ventricular dysfunction, or clinical instability, black race is an unexplained risk factor requiring further examination.
authors.affiliation: Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC, USA. calif001@mc.duke.edu
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Califf
authors.forename: K S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Pieper
authors.forename: K L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Van De Werf
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Simes
authors.forename: P W
authors.initials: PW
authors.lastname: Armstrong
authors.forename: E J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Topol
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000188:drug therapy*; D005260:Female; D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy*; D011379:Prognosis; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D013300:Streptokinase / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016019:Survival Analysis; D015912:Thrombolytic Therapy; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents; D013300:Streptokinase; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator