title: Differences in genotypes of Helicobacter pylori from different human populations.
abstract: DNA motifs at several informative loci in more than 500 strains of Helicobacter pylori from five continents were studied by PCR and sequencing to gain insights into the evolution of this gastric pathogen. Five types of deletion, insertion, and substitution motifs were found at the right end of the H. pylori cag pathogenicity island. Of the three most common motifs, type I predominated in Spaniards, native Peruvians, and Guatemalan Ladinos (mixed Amerindian-European ancestry) and also in native Africans and U.S. residents; type II predominated among Japanese and Chinese; and type III predominated in Indians from Calcutta. Sequences in the cagA gene and in vacAm1 type alleles of the vacuolating cytotoxin gene (vacA) of strains from native Peruvians were also more like those from Spaniards than those from Asians. These indications of relatedness of Latin American and Spanish strains, despite the closer genetic relatedness of Amerindian and Asian people themselves, lead us to suggest that H. pylori may have been brought to the New World by European conquerors and colonists about 500 years ago. This thinking, in turn, suggests that H. pylori infection might have become widespread in people quite recently in human evolution.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Molecular Microbiology and Genetics, Washington University Medical School, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kersulyte
authors.forename: A K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Mukhopadhyay
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Velapatiño
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Su
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Pan
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Garcia
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Hernandez
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Valdez
authors.forename: R S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Mistry
authors.forename: R H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Gilman
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Alarcón
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: López-Brea
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Balakrish Nair
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chowdhury
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Datta
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shirai
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakazawa
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ally
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Segal
authors.forename: B C
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.forename: S K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Lam
authors.forename: F O
authors.initials: FO
authors.lastname: Olfat
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Borén
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Engstrand
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Torres
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Schneider
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Czinn
authors.forename: D E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Berg
mesh_terms: D000591:Amino Acid Isomerases / Q000235:genetics; D000942:Antigens, Bacterial; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D001427:Bacterial Toxins / Q000235:genetics; D001483:Base Sequence; D018070:Biological Specimen Banks; D005006:Ethnicity; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D014644:Genetic Variation; D005838:Genotype; D005843:Geography; D016481:Helicobacter Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology*; D016480:Helicobacter pylori / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D006801:Humans; D017720:Molecular Epidemiology; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009154:Mutation
chemical_list: D000942:Antigens, Bacterial; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D001427:Bacterial Toxins; C074689:VacA protein, Helicobacter pylori; C080866:cagA protein, Helicobacter pylori; D000591:Amino Acid Isomerases; C062292:glutamate racemase