title: Retargeting the coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor to the apical surface of polarized epithelial cells reveals the glycocalyx as a barrier to adenovirus-mediated gene transfer.
abstract: Lumenal delivery of adenovirus vectors (AdV) results in inefficient gene transfer to human airway epithelium. The human coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor (hCAR) was detected by immunofluorescence selectively at the basolateral surfaces of freshly excised human airway epithelial cells, suggesting that the absence of apical hCAR constitutes a barrier to adenovirus-mediated gene delivery in vivo. In transfected polarized Madin-Darby canine kidney cells, wild-type hCAR was expressed selectively at the basolateral membrane, whereas hCAR lacking the transmembrane and/or cytoplasmic domains was expressed on both the basolateral and apical membranes. Cells expressing apical hCAR still were not efficiently transduced by AdV applied to the apical surface. However, after the cells were treated with agents that remove components of the apical surface glycocalyx, AdV transduction occurred. These results indicate that adenovirus can infect via receptors located at the apical cell membrane but that the glycocalyx impedes interaction of AdV with apical receptors.
authors.affiliation: CF/Pulmonary Research and Treatment Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 27599-7248, USA. branston@med.unc.edu
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Pickles
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Fahrner
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Petrella
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Boucher
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Bergelson
mesh_terms: D000260:Adenoviruses, Human / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D001980:Bronchi / Q000166:cytology; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D002460:Cell Line; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000378:metabolism; D016764:Cell Polarity; D062727:Coxsackie and Adenovirus Receptor-Like Membrane Protein; D004285:Dogs; D004770:Enterovirus / Q000378:metabolism*; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000166:cytology; D018014:Gene Transfer Techniques; D005822:Genetic Vectors / Q000378:metabolism*; D019276:Glycocalyx / Q000378:metabolism; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins; D006801:Humans; D008164:Luminescent Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D011991:Receptors, Virus / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D012794:Sialic Acids / Q000378:metabolism*; D001616:beta-Galactosidase / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: C568771:CLMP protein, human; D062727:Coxsackie and Adenovirus Receptor-Like Membrane Protein; D008164:Luminescent Proteins; D011991:Receptors, Virus; D012794:Sialic Acids; C085301:adenovirus receptor; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins; D001616:beta-Galactosidase