Using the example of Istanbul to outline general aspects of protecting reservoirs, rivers and lakes used for drinking water abstraction.
The six main drinking water reservoirs of Istanbul are under the threat of pollution due to rapid population increase, unplanned urbanisation and insufficient infrastructure. In contrast to the present land use profile, the environmental evaluation of the catchment areas reveals that point sources of pollutants, especially of domestic origin, dominate over those from diffuse sources. The water quality studies also support these findings, emphasising that if no substantial precautions are taken, there will be no possibility of obtaining drinking water from them. In this paper, under the light of the present status of the reservoirs, possible and probable short- and long-term protective measures are outlined for reducing the impact of point sources. Immediate precautions mostly depend on reducing the pollution arising from the existing settlements. Long-term measures mainly emphasise the preparation of new land use plans taking into consideration the protection of unoccupied lands. Recommendations on protection and control of the reservoirs are stated.
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ITU, Istanbul Technical University, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Department of Environmental Engineering, Maslak, Turkey.
D003906:Developing Countries; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D006801:Humans; D014421:Turkey; D014504:Urban Health; D014876:Water Pollution / Q000517:prevention & control*; D018508:Water Purification; D014881:Water Supply / Q000592:standards*