title: The effect of axial load on the in vivo anterior drawer test of the ankle joint complex.
abstract: The anterior drawer test is commonly used in the diagnosis of ankle joint mechanical instability. However, the effect of axial load on the anterior drawer test has not been examined in vivo. The purpose of the study was to assess the effect of axial load on passive anterior instability, and on the diagnostic measurement of the anterior drawer instability of the ankle joint complex. A total of 21 subjects with various degrees of ankle sprains were tested on a device that could continuously record applied anterior force and the resultant displacement of the rear-foot. Anterior drawer flexibility of the ankle joint complex in a neutral dorsi/plantar flexion position was quantified on both feet for all subjects without and with an axial load (385 N). Flexibility of the ankle joint complex in anterior drawer was defined as the slope of a linear load-displacement curve (which fitted test data with high correlation coefficients (r>0.991)). With axial load, anterior drawer flexibility was significantly reduced by 28.8% compared to that without axial load. The difference in anterior drawer flexibility between injured and intact ankles significantly decreased with axial load. An axial load increased the stability of ankle joint complex. However, axial load reduced the sensitivity of anterior drawer test to mechanical instability of the ankle joint complex.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Therapy Education, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City 66160-7601, USA. wliu@kumc.edu
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Maitland
authors.forename: B M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Nigg
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000843:Ankle Joint / Q000502:physiology*; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D004867:Equipment Design; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007593:Joint Instability / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D009983:Orthopedic Equipment; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular / Q000502:physiology*; D012016:Reference Values; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D016474:Weight-Bearing / Q000502:physiology*