title: Does adjustment of GFR to extracellular fluid volume improve the clinical utility of cystatin C?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cystatin C measurement has been proposed as a replacement for creatinine as a serum measure of glomerular filtration rate (GFR). It has also been suggested that GFR itself should be adjusted to the extracellular fluid volume (ECV) of a child rather than the body surface area (BSA).
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To assess the potential of cystatin C compared to serum creatinine in assessing GFR and to establish whether adjustment of GFR to ECV rather than BSA affects the potential usefulness of cystatin C.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cystatin C and plasma creatinine were measured in 64 paediatric patients undergoing 77 (51)Cr-EDTA GFR measurements over a six month period.
  
  
  RESULTS
  1/cystatin C concentrations were more closely related to GFR (median 98 ml/min/1.73 m(2), range 8-172) after adjustment for patient BSA (r = 0.81 versus r = 0.44). 1/Creatinine concentrations appeared to be an inferior estimate of BSA adjusted GFR (r = 0.41), even following the use of the Schwartz formula (r = 0.37). Bland Altman statistics showed cystatin C could still only predict 95% of GFR values to within +/-41 ml/min/1.73 m(2) of the (51)Cr-EDTA method. The relation between GFR and 1/cystatin C was not improved by adjusting (51)Cr-EDTA GFR to ECV rather than BSA (r = 0.76 versus r = 0.81).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cystatin C appears superior to serum creatinine in paediatric subjects although its performance is unlikely to supplant (51)Cr-EDTA GFR measurement. This performance is not being underestimated because of adjusting GFR to BSA rather than ECV.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Hull Royal Infirmary, Anlaby Road, Hull HU3 2JZ, UK. eric_kilpatrick@hotmail.com
authors.forename: E S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Kilpatrick
authors.forename: B G
authors.initials: BG
authors.lastname: Keevil
authors.forename: G M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Addison
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001830:Body Surface Area; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood*; D015891:Cystatins / Q000097:blood*; D005110:Extracellular Space; D005260:Female; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D015891:Cystatins; D003404:Creatinine