title: Lesions of the enteric nervous system and the possible role of mast cells in the pathogenic mechanisms of migration of schistosome eggs in the small intestine of cattle during Schistosoma bovis infection.
abstract: The enteric nervous system in the small intestine of cattle during Schistosoma bovis infection was studied by histological stains and immunohistochemical methods. Lesions due to migration of schistosoma eggs were located mainly in the mucous and the submucous layer overlaying the submucous vascular arcades. Granulomas destroyed ganglia, neurons, nerves fibre strands and nerve fibres. Ganglia situated within or near granulomas were infiltrated by mast cells, eosinophils, lymphocytes, globule leukocytes, neutrophils and macrophages. Mast cells were in close contact with degenerating neuronal perikarya. Whereas vasoactive intestinal peptide-like immunoreactivity in the nerves and neurons in the ganglia within and around granulomas was increased, the neurofilament-like immunoreactivity was reduced. Compared to the myenteric and external submucous plexuses, the internal submucous and mucous plexuses were the most damaged. These changes imply reduced functional capacity in the nervous tissue which might cause reduced motility, malabsorption and partly account for the loss of body weight and condition and failure to thrive which occur in schistosomosis. Biotinylated affinity purified swine anti-rabbit and mouse anti-rabbit immunoglobulins reacted nonspecifically with a subset of mast cells. The reaction revealed many mast cells in early forming granulomas and around schistosome egg tracts and infiltration of mast cells into the ganglia of intestinal nerve plexuses. The observation shows a localized, Type I hypersensitivity reaction suggesting for the release of mast cell-derived chemical mediators in the intestinal reaction to trap or evict S. bovis eggs and to cause diarrhoea.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania. balemba@suanet.ac.tz
authors.forename: O B
authors.initials: OB
authors.lastname: Balemba
authors.forename: G K
authors.initials: GK
authors.lastname: Mbassa
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Assey
authors.forename: C K
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Kahwa
authors.forename: A E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Makundi
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hay-Schmidt
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Dantzer
authors.forename: W D
authors.initials: WD
authors.lastname: Semuguruka
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D002418:Cattle Diseases / Q000469:parasitology / Q000473:pathology*; D003967:Diarrhea / Q000469:parasitology / Q000662:veterinary; D017615:Enteric Nervous System / Q000469:parasitology* / Q000473:pathology; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007421:Intestine, Small / Q000469:parasitology* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008407:Mast Cells / Q000469:parasitology*; D051379:Mice; D016900:Neurofilament Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D011897:Random Allocation; D012547:Schistosoma / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D012552:Schistosomiasis / Q000473:pathology / Q000662:veterinary*; D014660:Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D016900:Neurofilament Proteins; D014660:Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide