title: Progesterone is an autocrine/paracrine regulator of human granulosa cell survival in vitro.
abstract: Ovarian follicles are composed of granulosa cells (GC), which undergo apoptosis within 24 hours of culture in serum-free medium. The present study was designed to assess the role of progesterone in regulating human GC survival. Human GC were isolated from follicular aspirates of women undergoing in vitro fertilization. GC were then cultured for 24 hours in serum-free media supplemented with progesterone and/or the progesterone antagonist RU486 and dexamethasone. Cells were then fixed and assessed for apoptosis by in situ end labeling of DNA fragments, cell cycle analysis of DNA content, and electron microscopy. When compared with controls, progesterone reduced and RU486 increased the percentage of apoptotic GC (p < 0.05), whereas dexamethasone had no effect. In addition, RU486 inhibited the protective effect of progesterone on GC survival (p < 0.05). Taken together, these data indicate that progesterone inhibits human GC apoptosis, and this effect is mediated through the progesterone receptor.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Pennsylvania Medical Center, Philadelphia 19104, USA. a.makrygiannakis@ic.ac.uk
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Makrigiannakis
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Coukos
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Christofidou-Solomidou
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Montas
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Coutifaris
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D019898:Autocrine Communication; D002453:Cell Cycle; D002470:Cell Survival; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004247:DNA / Q000032:analysis; D003907:Dexamethasone / Q000494:pharmacology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006107:Granulosa Cells / Q000737:chemistry / Q000502:physiology* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D006727:Hormone Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D020287:In Situ Nick-End Labeling; D008854:Microscopy, Electron; D015735:Mifepristone / Q000494:pharmacology; D019899:Paracrine Communication; D011374:Progesterone / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000502:physiology*; D011980:Receptors, Progesterone / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D006727:Hormone Antagonists; D011980:Receptors, Progesterone; D015735:Mifepristone; D011374:Progesterone; D003907:Dexamethasone; D004247:DNA