title: Using remotely sensed data to identify areas at risk for hantavirus pulmonary syndrome.
abstract: The 1993 U.S. hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) outbreak was attributed to environmental conditions and increased rodent populations caused by unusual weather in 1991- 92. In a case-control study to test this hypothesis, we estimated precipitation at 28 HPS and 170 control sites during the springs of 1992 and 1993 and compared it with precipitation during the previous 6 years by using rainfall patterns at 196 weather stations. We also used elevation data and Landsat Thematic Mapper satellite imagery collected the year before the outbreak to estimate HPS risk by logistic regression analysis. Rainfall at case sites was not higher during 1992-93 than in previous years. However, elevation, as well as satellite data, showed association between environmental conditions and HPS risk the following year. Repeated analysis using satellite imagery from 1995 showed substantial decrease in medium- to high-risk areas. Only one case of HPS was identified in 1996.
authors.affiliation: The Johns Hopkins School of Hygiene and Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA.
authors.forename: G E
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Glass
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Cheek
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Patz
authors.forename: T M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Shields
authors.forename: T J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Doyle
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Thoroughman
authors.forename: D K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Hunt
authors.forename: R E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Enscore
authors.forename: K L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Gage
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Irland
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Peters
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bryan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004196:Disease Outbreaks; D004197:Disease Reservoirs; D018804:Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D016015:Logistic Models; D051379:Mice; D010542:Peromyscus / Q000821:virology; D011891:Rain; D012307:Risk Factors; D012376:Rodent Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000821:virology; D017215:Satellite Communications; D012621:Seasons