title: Effects of experimental heart failure on atrial cellular and ionic electrophysiology.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Congestive heart failure (CHF) is frequently associated with atrial fibrillation (AF), but little is known about the effects of CHF on atrial cellular electrophysiology.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We studied action potential (AP) properties and ionic currents in atrial myocytes from dogs with CHF induced by ventricular pacing at 220 to 240 bpm for 5 weeks. Atrial myocytes from CHF dogs were hypertrophied (mean+/-SEM capacitance, 89+/-2 pF versus 71+/-2 pF in control, n=160 cells per group, P<0.001). CHF significantly reduced the density of L-type Ca(2+) current (I(Ca)) by approximately 30%, of transient outward K(+) current (I(to)) by approximately 50%, and of slow delayed rectifier current (I(Ks)) by approximately 30% without altering their voltage dependencies or kinetics. The inward rectifier, ultrarapid and rapid delayed rectifier, and T-type Ca(2+) currents were not altered by CHF. CHF increased transient inward Na(+)/Ca(2+) exchanger (NCX) current by approximately 45%. The AP duration of atrial myocytes was not altered by CHF at slow rates but was increased at faster rates, paralleling in vivo refractory changes. CHF created a substrate for AF, prolonging mean AF duration from 8+/-4 to 535+/-82 seconds (P<0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Experimental CHF selectively decreases atrial I(to), I(Ca), and I(Ks), increases NCX current, and leaves other currents unchanged. The cellular electrophysiological remodeling caused by CHF is quite distinct from that caused by atrial tachycardia, highlighting important differences in the cellular milieu characterizing different clinically relevant AF substrates.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Melnyk
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Petrecca
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shrier
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nattel
mesh_terms: D000200:Action Potentials / Q000502:physiology; D000818:Animals; D001281:Atrial Fibrillation / Q000503:physiopathology*; D016275:Atrial Function / Q000502:physiology*; D055592:Biophysical Phenomena; D001703:Biophysics; D015153:Blotting, Western; D020746:Calcium Channels, L-Type / Q000502:physiology; D020747:Calcium Channels, T-Type / Q000502:physiology; D051668:Delayed Rectifier Potassium Channels; D004285:Dogs; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D004594:Electrophysiology; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000503:physiopathology*; D018485:Muscle Fibers, Skeletal / Q000737:chemistry / Q000201:enzymology; D009206:Myocardium / Q000737:chemistry / Q000166:cytology / Q000201:enzymology; D011188:Potassium / Q000378:metabolism; D015221:Potassium Channels / Q000502:physiology; D024642:Potassium Channels, Voltage-Gated; D019831:Sodium-Calcium Exchanger / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D020746:Calcium Channels, L-Type; D020747:Calcium Channels, T-Type; D051668:Delayed Rectifier Potassium Channels; D015221:Potassium Channels; D024642:Potassium Channels, Voltage-Gated; D019831:Sodium-Calcium Exchanger; D011188:Potassium