title: An N-terminal p14ARF peptide blocks Mdm2-dependent ubiquitination in vitro and can activate p53 in vivo.
abstract: The p53 tumour suppressor protein is down-regulated by the action of Mdm2, which targets p53 for rapid degradation by the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. The p14ARF protein is also a potent tumour suppressor that acts by binding to Mdm2 and blocking Mdm2-dependent p53 degradation and transcriptional silencing. We have screened a series of overlapping synthetic peptides derived from the p14ARF protein sequence and found that a peptide corresponding to the first 20 amino acids of ARF (Peptide 3) could bind human Mdm2. The binding site for Peptide 3 on Mdm2 was determined by deletion mapping and lies adjacent to the binding site of the anti-Mdm2 antibody 2A10, which on microinjection into cells can activate p53-dependent transactivation of a reporter plasmid. To determine whether Peptide 3 could similarly activate p53, we expressed a fusion of green fluorescent protein and Peptide 3 in MCF7 and U-2 OS cells and were able to demonstrate induction of p53 protein and p53-dependent transcription. Peptide 3 was able to block in vitro ubiquitination of p53 mediated by Mdm2. Small peptides which are sufficient to block degradation of p53 could provide therapeutic agents able to restore p53-dependent cell death pathways in tumours that retain wild-type p53 expression.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, University of Dundee, Scotland, UK.
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Midgley
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Desterro
authors.forename: M K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Saville
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Howard
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sparks
authors.forename: R T
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Hay
authors.forename: D P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Lane
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D001483:Base Sequence; D001665:Binding Sites; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins; D006801:Humans; D008025:Ligases / Q000378:metabolism; D008164:Luminescent Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008845:Microinjections; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D010449:Peptide Mapping; D011506:Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D051736:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-mdm2; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D025803:Tumor Suppressor Protein p14ARF; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D044763:Ubiquitin-Conjugating Enzymes; D044767:Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases; D014452:Ubiquitins / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D008164:Luminescent Proteins; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D011506:Proteins; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D025803:Tumor Suppressor Protein p14ARF; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53; D014452:Ubiquitins; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins; D044763:Ubiquitin-Conjugating Enzymes; C497206:MDM2 protein, human; D051736:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-mdm2; D044767:Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases; D008025:Ligases