Impact of soil and dust lead on children's blood lead in contaminated areas of Sweden.
The impact of lead in soil and dust on blood lead concentrations in young children (i.e., 1-5 y of age, N = 202) and the risk of health effects were investigated in an urban and a mining area of Sweden. Blood, soil, and indoor dust, as well as information on lead-exposure factors, were collected. The blood lead concentrations (total range = 9-77 microg/l) the authors measured indicated a low risk for lead-induced health effects. Lead in soil (i.e., < 10-5,000 microg/g) and in dust (i.e., < 1-316 microg/g) had little effect on blood lead concentrations, given the present conditions and present concentration range--especially in the mining area. Urban children had significantly higher blood lead concentrations than children in the mining area, despite higher concentrations of lead in soil in the mining area. In the urban children, blood lead concentrations were influenced by parental smoking and lead in dust at day-care centers.
Berglund
M
M
Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Lind
B
B
Sörensen
S
S
Vahter
M
M
D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000032:analysis; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004391:Dust / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000032:analysis; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000032:analysis / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007854:Lead / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000032:analysis*; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D008906:Mining; D011897:Random Allocation; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000032:analysis; D013057:Spectrum Analysis; D013548:Sweden; D014505:Urban Population / Q000706:statistics & numerical data
D000393:Air Pollutants; D004391:Dust; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D007854:Lead