title: [Differential diagnostic considerations in microcephalic dwarfism].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  While the rare Seckel-Syndrome is defined by clear criteria, clinical and radiologic findings for microcephalic osteodysplastic primordial dwarfism (MOPD) make an exact diagnosis and classification difficult. By comparing our patients to previously described cases of MOPD we evaluate the hypothesis that this disorder has a greater heterogeneity than has been believed up until now. Furthermore the differential diagnosis of the MOPD-complex is discussed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Two cases that show typical growth retardation, microcephalus and facial anomalies as well as osteodysplastic deformities including hip dysplasia are presented. The parents of both children are consanguineous and of Arabic race. In one of the children growth hormone levels were noticeably decreased. In discrepancy to the Seckel-syndrome both children showed no signs of mental retardation, therefore the classification into the heterogeneous group of microcephalic osteodysplastic primordial dwarfism (MOPD) is the most likely diagnosis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It is suggested that microcephalic osteodysplastic primordial dwarfism (MOPD) has a greater clinical and radiological expression than has been assumed up until now. Whether our results are merely a variant or suggest a new subtype of the MOPD can only be resolved by further cases. The exact pathogenesis of the disease currently remains unknown but the most probable cause is an autosomal recessive inheritance.
authors.affiliation: Klinik und Poliklinik für Orthopädie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität zu Bonn.
authors.forename: C N
authors.initials: CN
authors.lastname: Kraft
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Diedrich
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Wagner
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Schmitt
mesh_terms: D000015:Abnormalities, Multiple / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics; D001848:Bone Diseases, Developmental / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003241:Consanguinity; D004392:Dwarfism / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008831:Microcephaly / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics; D010641:Phenotype; D013577:Syndrome