title: Disruption of the plant gene MOM releases transcriptional silencing of methylated genes.
abstract: Epigenetic modifications change transcription patterns in multicellular organisms to achieve tissue-specific gene expression and inactivate alien DNA such as transposons or transgenes. In plants and animals, DNA methylation is involved in heritability and flexibility of epigenetic states, although its function is far from clear. We have isolated an Arabidopsis gene, MOM, whose product is required for the maintenance of transcriptional gene silencing. Mutation of this gene or depletion of its transcript by expression of antisense RNA reactivates transcription from several previously silent, heavily methylated loci. Despite this, the dense methylation at these reactivated loci is maintained even after nine generations, indicating that transcriptional activity and methylation pattern are inherited independently. The predicted MOM gene product is a nuclear protein of 2,001 amino acids containing a region similar to part of the ATPase region of the SWI2/SNF2 family, members of which are involved in chromatin remodelling. MOM is the first known molecular component that is essential for transcriptional gene silencing and does not affect methylation pattern. Thus, it may act downstream of methylation in epigenetic regulation, or be part of a new pathway that does not require methylation marks.
authors.affiliation: Friedrich Miescher Institute, Basel, Switzerland.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Amedeo
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Habu
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Afsar
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Mittelsten Scheid
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Paszkowski
mesh_terms: D000074183:ATPases Associated with Diverse Cellular Activities; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; D002934:Cinnamates; D019175:DNA Methylation; D018744:DNA, Plant / Q000378:metabolism; D004351:Drug Resistance / Q000235:genetics; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D020868:Gene Silencing; D006921:Hygromycin B / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009154:Mutation; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D030821:Plants, Genetically Modified; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D014158:Transcription, Genetic
chemical_list: D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; D002934:Cinnamates; D018744:DNA, Plant; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D010940:Plant Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors; D006921:Hygromycin B; C026273:hygromycin A; D000074183:ATPases Associated with Diverse Cellular Activities; C409208:MOM protein, Arabidopsis