title: Nitric oxide-mediated erectile effects of galantide but not galanin in vivo.
abstract: The purpose of this study was to investigate the in vivo effects of intracavernosal injections of galanin and galantide (a specific galanin receptor antagonist) on penile erection in the anesthetized cat. Erectile responses to galanin and galantide were compared with responses to a standard triple drug combination [1.65 mg papaverine, 25 microg phentolamine, and 0.5 microg prostaglandin E(1) (PGE(1))]. Intracavernosal injections of galanin (3-100 nmol) and galantide (0. 1-3 nmol) induced penile erection in a dose-dependent manner. In terms of relative potency, galantide was approximately 100-fold more potent than galanin at increasing cavernosal pressure. The maximal increases in intracavernosal pressure in response to galanin and galantide were 83 and 95%, respectively, of the control triple drug combination. The total durations of erectile response caused by these peptides were significantly shorter (P<0.05) than those by the triple drug combination. The nitric oxide synthase inhibitor L-NAME (20 mg) significantly decreased the erectile response in the cat to galantide but not to galanin, while the K(+)(ATP) channel antagonist U-37883A (3 mg) had no effect on the erectile response to galanin nor galantide. The results of the present study demonstrate that galantide, a putative antagonist for the galanin receptor, has more potent agonist activity than galanin in increasing intracavernosal pressure in the cat. Moreover, these data suggest that galantide, but not galanin, causes penile erection by an NO/cGMP-dependent mechanism. This is the first study to demonstrate that galanin may play a role in the physiology of penile erection.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Tulane University Medical School, New Orleans, Louisiana, 70112, USA.
authors.forename: T J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Bivalacqua
authors.forename: H C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Champion
authors.forename: S K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Purohit
authors.forename: W A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Murphy
authors.forename: D H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Coy
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Kadowitz
authors.forename: W J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Hellstrom
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002415:Cats; D019004:Galanin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D009130:Muscle, Smooth / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D010410:Penile Erection / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D015221:Potassium Channels / Q000378:metabolism; D013373:Substance P / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D015221:Potassium Channels; C074975:galantide; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D013373:Substance P; D019004:Galanin