title: Sonography of the glenoid labrum: a cadaveric study with arthroscopic correlation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We assessed the usefulness of sonography in evaluating the glenoid labrum in cadaveric specimens using arthroscopy as a standard of reference.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighty labral quadrants in 20 cadaveric shoulders were examined by two musculoskeletal radiologists using 5- to 7-MHz linear and curvilinear transducers. Agreement was reached by consensus. After sonography, arthroscopy was performed by an experienced orthopedic surgeon. Each labral quadrant was classified at the time of sonography and arthroscopy as normal, degenerated, or torn.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Concordance between sonography and arthroscopy was 86% (69/80 quadrants). In differentiating abnormal labrum (tear or degeneration) from normal labrum using sonography, sensitivity was 63%, specificity was 98%, positive predictive value was 94%, negative predictive value was 86%, and accuracy was 88%. In differentiating labral tears from other labral conditions (degeneration or normality), sensitivity was 67%, specificity was 99%, positive predictive value was 67%, negative predictive value was 99%, and accuracy was 98%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Sonography has a promising role in the evaluation of the glenoid labrum, particularly in excluding labral tears when the labra appear normal on sonography. Further studies are required using normal and symptomatic patients to determine the usefulness of sonography in the diagnosis of labral abnormalities.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor 48109-0326, USA.
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Taljanovic
authors.forename: K L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Carlson
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Kuhn
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Jacobson
authors.forename: L O
authors.initials: LO
authors.lastname: Delaney-Sathy
authors.forename: R S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Adler
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001182:Arthroscopy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D000070599:Shoulder Injuries; D012785:Shoulder Joint / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D014463:Ultrasonography