title: Molecular mechanisms and regulation of opioid receptor signaling.
abstract: Cloning of multiple opioid receptors has presented opportunities to investigate the mechanisms of multiple opioid receptor signaling and the regulation of these signals. The subsequent identification of receptor gene structures has also provided opportunities to study the regulation of receptor gene expression and to manipulate the concentration of the gene products in vivo. Thus, in the current review, we examine recent advances in the delineation basis for the multiple opioid receptor signaling, and their regulation at multiple levels. We discuss the use of receptor knockout animals to investigate the function and the pharmacology of these multiple opioid receptors. The reasons and basis for the multiple opioid receptor are addressed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis 55455, USA. Ping@mail.ahc.umn.edu
authors.forename: P Y
authors.initials: PY
authors.lastname: Law
authors.forename: Y H
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.forename: H H
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Loh
mesh_terms: D000262:Adenylyl Cyclases / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D015220:Calcium Channels / Q000502:physiology; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006801:Humans; D020935:MAP Kinase Signaling System; D010766:Phosphorylation; D015221:Potassium Channels / Q000502:physiology; D011957:Receptors, Opioid / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D010738:Type C Phospholipases / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D015220:Calcium Channels; D015221:Potassium Channels; D011957:Receptors, Opioid; D010738:Type C Phospholipases; D000262:Adenylyl Cyclases; D002118:Calcium