title: Effect of tumor necrosis factor alpha and transforming growth factor beta 1 on plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 secretion from subcutaneous and omental human fat cells in suspension culture.
abstract: Elevated levels of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) are characteristic of the obese state and may contribute to the association between obesity and cardiovascular disease. In this study, we measured the rate of secretion of PAI-1 antigen in isolated subcutaneous and omental abdominal adipocytes from severely obese and non-obese individuals and studied the effect of selected cytokines on PAI-1 release using a suspension culture technique. PAI-1 secretion was approximately 2-fold greater in isolated fat cells from the obese versus non-obese subjects. In addition, PAI-1 mRNA levels were higher in adipose tissue samples from obese versus non-obese individuals (P < .05). PAI-1 release was also approximately 2-fold greater in omental versus subcutaneous adipocytes from both obese and non-obese subjects (each P < .05). A 24-hour exposure to 1 nmol/L tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) slightly increased PAI-1 release from both subcutaneous and omental adipocytes (30% +/- 21% and 17% +/- 18%, respectively, nonsignificant [NS]). Transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-beta1) induced a significant dose-dependent increase of PAI-1 release into the medium. Exposure to 400 pmol/L TGF-beta1 of subcutaneous and omental fat cells from both obese and non-obese individuals elevated PAI-1 secretion by 2-fold. These data provide evidence that human fat cells release a substantial amount of PAI-1 in a depot-specific manner and that TGF-beta1 particularly contributes to the regulation of PAI-1 secretion.
authors.affiliation: Clinical Department, Diabetes Research Institute, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Gottschling-Zeller
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Birgel
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Röhrig
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hauner
mesh_terms: D017667:Adipocytes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009852:Omentum / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 / Q000378:metabolism*; D012867:Skin / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D013535:Suspensions; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1; D013535:Suspensions; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha