title: Angiotensin II type 1 (AT1) receptor blockade in hypertensive women: benefits of candesartan cilexetil versus enalapril or hydrochlorothiazide.
abstract: The aim of this large, randomized, double-blind, parallel-group study in hypertensive women was to compare the antihypertensive efficacy and effects on subjective symptoms and quality of life of the new angiotensin II type 1 (AT1) receptor blocker candesartan cilexetil, the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor enalapril, and the diuretic hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ). Women, aged 40 to 69 years, with a seated diastolic blood pressure (DBP) of 95 to 115 mm Hg, were randomized to candesartan cilexetil, 8 to 16 mg (n = 140), enalapril, 10 to 20 mg (n = 146), or HCTZ, 12.5 to 25 mg (n = 143), for 12 weeks; the higher doses were used if DBP was greater than 90 mm Hg after 6 weeks. Candesartan cilexetil lowered seated blood pressure by 17/11 and 19/11 mm Hg after 6 and 12 weeks of treatment, respectively. This reduction was greater (P < .01) than with enalapril (12/8 and 13/9 mm Hg) or HCTZ (12/7 and 13/8 mm Hg). The proportions of patients with controlled DBP (< 90 mm Hg) after 12 weeks of treatment with candesartan cilexetil, enalapril, or HCTZ were 60%, 51%, and 43%, respectively. Patients experienced less dry cough (P < 0.001) with candesartan cilexetil or HCTZ than with enalapril. No treatment differences were found in the incidence of dizziness and quality of life was well maintained in all groups. Compared with candesartan cilexetil and enalapril, HCTZ increased uric acid and decreased serum potassium (P < .001). In conclusion, candesartan cilexetil reduced blood pressure more effectively and was better tolerated than enalapril or HCTZ in women with mild to moderate hypertension.
authors.affiliation: Karolinska Institutet Danderyd Hospital, Division of Internal Medicine, Sweden. karin.malmqvist@med.ds.sll.se
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Malmqvist
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kahan
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dahl
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D057911:Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001562:Benzimidazoles / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D004232:Diuretics; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004656:Enalapril / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006852:Hydrochlorothiazide / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006973:Hypertension / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000523:psychology; D008875:Middle Aged; D011788:Quality of Life; D044140:Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1; D044139:Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 2; D049993:Sodium Chloride Symporter Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013777:Tetrazoles
chemical_list: D057911:Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D001562:Benzimidazoles; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds; D004232:Diuretics; D044140:Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1; D044139:Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 2; D049993:Sodium Chloride Symporter Inhibitors; D013777:Tetrazoles; D006852:Hydrochlorothiazide; D004656:Enalapril; C077793:candesartan cilexetil