title: Derivation of predicted No-effect concentrations for lindane, 3, 4-dichloroaniline, atrazine, and copper.
abstract: Environmental risk assessment is a key feature of regulations controlling the placing of new, and the maintenance of existing, chemicals products in the market place. For example, European Commission Directive 93/67/EC on Risk Assessment for New Notified Substances and Commission Regulation (EC) No. 1488/94 on Risk Assessment for Existing Substances requires that risk assessments be carried out for new and existing substances in the European Community. The process of environmental risk assessment seeks to determine the balance of probability of species and communities being damaged by chemical releases. The process relies upon a valid estimation of a predicted environmental concentration (PEC) in relevant environmental compartments and a predicted no effect concentration (PNEC) below which the organisms present in that compartment are unlikely to be significantly affected. If the PEC exceeds the PNEC there is a potential for damaging effects to occur. This article focuses on the determination of PNECs for risk assessment. Methods for determining a PNEC described in OECD Monograph 26 (1989, Report of the OECD Workshop on Ecological Effect Assessment, Paris, France, have been applied to data derived for the four chemicals lindane, 3,4-dichloroaniline, atrazine, and copper in a series of collaborative research projects funded by the European Commission.
authors.affiliation: Shell Research Limited, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: A E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Girling
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Tattersfield
authors.forename: G C
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Mitchell
authors.forename: N O
authors.initials: NO
authors.lastname: Crossland
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Pascoe
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Blockwell
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Maund
authors.forename: E J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wenzel
authors.forename: C R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Janssen
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Jüttner
mesh_terms: D000814:Aniline Compounds / Q000633:toxicity*; D000818:Animals; D001280:Atrazine / Q000633:toxicity*; D003300:Copper / Q000633:toxicity*; D003445:Crustacea / Q000187:drug effects; D056890:Eukaryota / Q000187:drug effects; D001556:Hexachlorocyclohexane / Q000633:toxicity*; D019055:No-Observed-Adverse-Effect Level; D018570:Risk Assessment; D013768:Tetrahymena / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000814:Aniline Compounds; C014464:3,4-dichloroaniline; D001556:Hexachlorocyclohexane; D003300:Copper; D001280:Atrazine