title: Differential modulatory roles of cholera toxin and pertussis toxin in the regulation of pain responses induced by excitatory amino acids administered intrathecally in mice.
abstract: The present study was designed to characterize the possible roles of spinally located cholera toxin (CTX)- and pertussis toxin (PTX)-sensitive G-proteins in excitatory amino acids induced pain response. Intrathecal (i.t.) injection of glutamate (20 microg), N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA; 60 ng), alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionic acid (AMPA; 13 ng), and kainic acid (12 ng) showed pain response. Pretreatment with CTX (0.05 and 0.5 microg, i.t.) attenuated pain response induced by glutamate, NMDA, AMPA and kainic acid administered i.t. in a dose-dependent manner. On the other hand, i.t. pretreatment with PTX further increased the pain response induced by glutamate, NMDA, AMPA and kainic acid administered i.t., especially at the dose of 0.5 microg. Our results suggest that, at the spinal cord level, CTX- and PTX-sensitive G-proteins appear to play opposite roles in modulating the pain response induced by spinally administered. Furthermore, CTX- and PTX-sensitive G-proteins appear to modulate pain response induced by stimuli of both NMDA and non-NMDA glutamate receptors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Natural Medicine, Hallym University, 1 Okchun-dong, Chun-chon, 200-702, Kangwon-do, South Korea.
authors.forename: K M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.forename: K C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: D K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: S O
authors.initials: SO
authors.lastname: Huh
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Y H
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: H W
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Suh
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D002772:Cholera Toxin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018690:Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D007278:Injections, Spinal; D007608:Kainic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D016202:N-Methylaspartate / Q000494:pharmacology; D010146:Pain / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy*; D037342:Pertussis Toxin; D013116:Spinal Cord / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D010566:Virulence Factors, Bordetella / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018350:alpha-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D018690:Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists; D010566:Virulence Factors, Bordetella; D016202:N-Methylaspartate; D018350:alpha-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic Acid; D002772:Cholera Toxin; D037342:Pertussis Toxin; D007608:Kainic Acid