title: Metabolic control in children and adolescents with diabetes: experience of two Italian Regional Centers.
abstract: A survey on glycemic control in 201 diabetic children and adolescents, aged 0-18 years, was performed in two Italian Centers for Childhood Diabetes (Chieti and Parma). Mean HbA1c was 7.8+/-1.4 (range 4.8-13.3%; median 7.6%). With progression of diabetes duration, deterioration of glycemic control was observed (r=0.20; p< 0.002), more evident in girls than in boys, with peaks at 14 (8.9+/-2.0 vs 6.9+/-1.7%; p<0.05) and 16 years (9.5+/-1.4% vs 8.1+/-1.1; p<0.02). No differences were found in BMI values in boys or girls, or for insulin doses which were increased significantly in both sexes according to age (r= 0.33, p<0.04). The number of insulin injections did not influence glycemic control. Only one severe hypoglycemic episode was reported during the period of observation. This study demonstrates that modern management, continuous education and patient and family empowerment are effective in attaining excellent glycemic control without increasing the risk of hypoglycemia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, University of Parma, Italy.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vanelli
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Chiarelli
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Chiari
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tumini
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Costi
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: di Ricco
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Zanasi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Catino
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Capuano
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Porcelli
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Adinolfi
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Cieri
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Giacalone
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Casani
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000367:Age Factors; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007003:Hypoglycemia / Q000097:blood / Q000139:chemically induced; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007328:Insulin / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007558:Italy / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D012737:Sex Factors
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007328:Insulin