title: A study to evaluate serum and urinary hormone levels following short and long term administration of two regimens of progesterone cream in postmenopausal women.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the pharmacokinetics of a progesterone cream following short and long term dermal administration.
  
  
  METHODS
  Single-centre, randomised, multiple-dose, open-label study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Reproductive Medicine Trust, London.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-four healthy postmenopausal women aged between 40 and 65 years were recruited through an advertisement in a local newspaper.
  
  
  METHODS
  The women were randomly allocated to progesterone cream 40 mg daily or 20 mg, twice daily, for 42 days.
  
  
  METHODS
  The concentration of progesterone in the serum was measured on days 1 and 42 before the morning dose, and at 2, 4, 6, 12 and 24 hours after the morning dose. Serum follicle stimulating hormone, oestradiol, testosterone and urinary pregnanediol-3-glucuronide were also measured on days 1 and 42.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Three subjects dropped out before using the cream and two more dropped out after the first treatment leaving a reportable sample of 19 women. There was a rise in the mean progesterone concentration at each sampling time between days 1 and 42. There was evidence of a rise in pregnanediol-3-glucuronide over the course of the study. There was no change in follicle stimulating hormone, oestradiol or testosterone. There was no difference between the two regimens.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Transdermal progesterone (40 mg) per day for 42 days causes a small increase in serum progesterone concentration, although there is wide variation. Whether such levels are of clinical benefit remains to be seen.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London, UK.
authors.forename: B J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Carey
authors.forename: A H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Carey
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Carter
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Studd
mesh_terms: D000287:Administration, Topical; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D004958:Estradiol / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D009824:Ointments; D017698:Postmenopause / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D011276:Pregnanediol / Q000652:urine; D011374:Progesterone / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D012869:Skin Absorption; D013739:Testosterone / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D009824:Ointments; D013739:Testosterone; D011374:Progesterone; D004958:Estradiol; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone; D011276:Pregnanediol