title: Thrombolysis is an effective and safe therapy in stuck bileaflet mitral valves in the absence of high-risk thrombi.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We sought to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of thrombolytic therapy in stuck mitral bileaflet heart valves in the absence of high-risk thrombi.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Current recommendations for the thrombolytic treatment of stuck prosthetic mitral valves are partially based on older valve models and inclusion of patients in whom high-risk thrombi were either ignored or not sought for. The feasibility and safety of thrombolysis in bileaflet models may be affected by the predilection of thrombi to catch the leaflet hinge.
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied 12 consecutive patients (men/women = 5/7, age 58.8 +/- 14.9 years) who experienced one or more episodes of stuck bileaflet mitral valve over a 33-month period and received thrombolytic therapy with streptokinase, urokinase or tissue-type plasminogen activator. Transesophageal echocardiography was performed in all patients. Patients with mobile or large (>5 mm) thrombi were excluded. Functional class at initial episode was I-II in 4 patients (33.3%) and III-IV in 8 patients (66.6%).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients receiving thrombolytic therapy achieved an overall 83.3% freedom from a repeat operation or major complications (95% confidence interval 51.6-97.9%). Minor bleeding occurred in three patients (25%) and allergic reaction in one (8.3%). Transient vague neurologic complaints, without subjective findings, occurred in four patients (33.3%). Three patients had one or more relapses within 5.2 +/- 3.1 months from the previous episode, and readministration of thrombolytics was successful.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In clinically stable patients with stuck bileaflet mitral valves and no high-risk thrombi, thrombolysis is highly successful and safe, both in the primary episode and in recurrence. The best thrombolytic regimen is yet to be established.
authors.affiliation: Dan Sheingarten Echocardiography Unit, Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Campus, Petah-Tikva, Israel.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shapira
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Herz
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vaturi
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Porter
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Adler
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Birnbaum
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Strasberg
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sclarovsky
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sagie
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D006350:Heart Valve Prosthesis; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008943:Mitral Valve; D011475:Prosthesis Failure; D015912:Thrombolytic Therapy