title: Lipopolysaccharide impairs endothelial nitric oxide synthesis in rat renal arteries.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Impaired endothelium-dependent vasodilation may contribute to hypoperfusion and failure of abdominal organs, including the kidneys during endotoxin or septic shock. In this study, the short-term (2 h) effects of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on endothelium-dependent vasodilation in rat renal and superior mesenteric arteries were documented.
  
  
  METHODS
  Rat renal and mesenteric arteries were dissected and exposed in vitro to LPS for two hours. The effects of LPS on vascular reactivity were determined and compared with time-matched controls. Endothelial nitric oxide (NO) release was determined using an NO microsensor in adjacent vessel segments.
  
  
  RESULTS
  LPS impaired maximal acetylcholine (ACh)-induced endothelium-dependent vasodilation in renal arteries (62.5 +/- 8.8% vs. 34.4 +/- 7.5% in controls and LPS-exposed arteries), but not in mesenteric arteries. LPS did not alter the sensitivity of renal arteries to exogenous NO. ACh-dependent vasodilation was abolished after blocking NO synthesis with 10-4 mol/L L-NA in control and LPS-incubated renal arteries. When compared with controls, NO release induced by ACh and the receptor-independent calcium ionophore A23187 was significantly decreased (P < 0.05) in LPS-exposed renal segments and was fully abolished in endothelium-denuded segments, indicating that LPS attenuated receptor-dependent as well as receptor-independent endothelial NO release. In contrast, ACh- and A23187-induced NO release was normal in LPS-exposed mesenteric arteries.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results indicate that LPS-induced selective impairment of ACh-induced endothelium-dependent relaxation in rat renal arteries is caused by decreased endothelial NO release. This may contribute to the propensity for acute renal failure during septic shock.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Physiology, Anesthesiology, and Internal Medicine (Intensive Care Unit), Institute for Cardiovascular Research, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. piepot@physiol.med.vu.nl
authors.forename: H A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Piepot
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Boer
authors.forename: A B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Groeneveld
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Van Lambalgen
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sipkema
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D009131:Muscle, Smooth, Vascular / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000502:physiology; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III; D019335:Nitroarginine / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012077:Renal Artery / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology; D013997:Time Factors; D014664:Vasodilation / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D019335:Nitroarginine; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III; C496316:Nos3 protein, rat