title: Improved mucosal protection against Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus is induced by the molecularly defined, live-attenuated V3526 vaccine candidate.
abstract: The genetically engineered, live-attenuated Venezuelan equine encephalitis (VEE) virus vaccine candidate, V3526, was evaluated as a replacement for the TC-83 virus vaccine. Protection from lethal subcutaneous or aerosol challenge was evaluated in vaccinated mice clinically and immunohistochemically. Subcutaneous administration of V3526 induced systemic and mucosal protection more efficiently than did the TC-83 vaccine. The bronchial IgA responses induced in mice by subcutaneous administration of vaccines significantly corresponded to the ability to survive aerosol challenge with virulent virus. Furthermore, V3526 delivered by aerosol induced more complete mucosal protection than either vaccine administered subcutaneously. The ability of V3526 to induce protection in mice warrants its consideration for further testing as a potential vaccine candidate for human use.
authors.affiliation: Division of Virology, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702-5011, USA. marykate.hart@amedd.army.mil
authors.forename: M K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Hart
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Caswell-Stephan
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bakken
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tammariello
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Pratt
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Davis
authors.forename: R E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Johnston
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Steele
mesh_terms: D000336:Aerosols; D000818:Animals; D004666:Encephalitis Virus, Venezuelan Equine / Q000276:immunology*; D004685:Encephalomyelitis, Venezuelan Equine / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D018928:Immunity, Mucosal; D007071:Immunoglobulin A, Secretory / Q000032:analysis; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008809:Mice, Inbred C3H; D013045:Species Specificity; D014611:Vaccination; D014613:Vaccines, Attenuated / Q000276:immunology; D014765:Viral Vaccines / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D000336:Aerosols; D007071:Immunoglobulin A, Secretory; D014613:Vaccines, Attenuated; D014765:Viral Vaccines