title: Effects of surface treatments on shear bond strengths between a resin cement and an alumina core.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although bonding to all-ceramic restorations is desirable, there is little information on the use of resin cements containing a phosphate monomer, and the importance of different surface treatments on their adhesion to high-strength core materials.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study attempted to determine the shear bond strength values between Panavia 21 resin cement (Kuraray) and an alumina core material (In-Ceram) after 3 surface treatments and the application of a silane coupling agent.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-five In-Ceram cylindrical rods were fabricated and assigned to 3 groups. Group I specimens were treated with a 9.5% hydrofluoric (HF) acid, group II with a 5% HF acid, and group III were sandblasted. All specimens were coated with a silane coupling agent (Cavex Clearfil Photobond and Activator) before cementation with Panavia 21 to sandblasted nickel-chromium rods. As a control, group IV consisted of 8 porcelain (Vitadur Alpha) rods treated with a 5% HF acid and silane. All specimens were subjected to a load of 1.2 kg during cementation, then stored under water for 36 hours. A jig mounted on a Hounsfield Universal Testing machine was used at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min to test the shear bond strengths.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results were 14.65 +/- 4.64 MPa for group I, 18.03 +/- 6.13 MPa for group II, and 22.35 +/- 5.98 MPa for group III In-Ceram specimens; and 18.05 +/- 8.46 MPa for control (group IV).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The use of Panavia 21 resin cement and a silane coupling agent can achieve a successful bond between either sandblasted or 5% HF acid-etched In-Ceram core material.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, and Eastman Dental Institute and Hospital, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Madani
authors.forename: F C
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Chu
authors.forename: A V
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: McDonald
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Smales
mesh_terms: D000537:Aluminum Oxide / Q000737:chemistry*; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D002858:Chromium Alloys / Q000737:chemistry; D001840:Dental Bonding / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D003776:Dental Porcelain / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008422:Materials Testing / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D010710:Phosphates / Q000737:chemistry*; D011176:Post and Core Technique; D019279:Resin Cements / Q000737:chemistry*; D012821:Silanes / Q000737:chemistry; D013499:Surface Properties; D013718:Tensile Strength
chemical_list: D002858:Chromium Alloys; C093719:Panavia TPN-S; D010710:Phosphates; D019279:Resin Cements; D012821:Silanes; D003776:Dental Porcelain; C070870:In-Ceram; D000537:Aluminum Oxide