title: Wild-type p53 gene transfer inhibits invasion and reduces matrix metalloproteinase-2 levels in p53-mutated human melanoma cells.
abstract: The tumor suppressor gene p53 has inhibitory effects on cell growth and angiogenesis and induces apoptosis when overexpressed in melanoma and in a variety of tumor cells by adenovirus-mediated gene transfer. The invasive ability of tumor cells, facilitating local infiltration and metastasis, is related to matrix metalloproteinase levels. In melanoma, matrix metalloproteinase-2 and matrix metalloproteinase-9 have a prominent role in this process. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether wild-type p53 overexpression, obtained by a recombinant adenovirus vector (AdCMV.p53), affects cell invasiveness through modulation of matrix metalloproteinase-2 and matrix metalloproteinase-9. Two human melanoma cell lines were used in this study: the SK-MEL-110, carrying a mutated p53 gene, and the SK-MEL-147, carrying the wild-type p53 gene. SK-MEL-110 cells infected with AdCMV.p53 exhibited decreased invasion capability from day 1 after infection, compared with cells not infected or infected with the control vector AdCMV.Null. This reduced invasiveness was associated with decreased matrix metalloproteinase-2 levels in conditioned media whereas no changes were detected in matrix metalloproteinase-9 secreted levels. No modulation in matrix metalloproteinase-2 mRNA levels was detectable, however, after wild-type p53 gene transfer. Furthermore, protein expression of secreted tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-2 was not altered by AdCMV.p53 treatment. In contrast, in SK-MEL-147 cells, AdCMV.p53 did not affect cell invasiveness and levels of secreted matrix metalloproteinase-2. Gene transfer of wild-type p53 inhibited proliferation of both cell lines, showing that also SK-MEL-147 cells respond to wild-type p53 overexpression. This novel mechanism of action of wild-type p53 gene transfer may contribute to its antitumor effect by downregulating cell invasion and matrix metalloproteinase-2 secreted levels in mutated p53 human melanoma cell lines.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Vascular Pathology, Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Toschi
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rota
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Antonini
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Melillo
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Capogrossi
mesh_terms: D000256:Adenoviridae / Q000502:physiology; D002455:Cell Division / Q000235:genetics; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000502:physiology; D002477:Cells; D018014:Gene Transfer Techniques; D016158:Genes, p53 / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D008545:Melanoma / Q000473:pathology* / Q000556:secondary; D009154:Mutation; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D014161:Transduction, Genetic; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D012333:RNA, Messenger; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2