title: Ethnic differences in response to non-selective beta-blockade among racial groups in Malaysia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether racial differences in response to blockade of beta receptors occur among racial groups in Malaysia that are the Malays, Indians and Chinese. SUBJECTS, MATERIALS AND METHOD: 35 healthy male volunteers representing the 3 main racial groups in Malaysia (12 Malays, 12 Chinese and 11 Indians) were studied in a randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover and single-blind design. Propranolol 80 mg 12-hourly was given orally for 48 hours. Six hours after the last dose subjects attended an exercise session where resting and exercise heart rate, blood pressure, plasma potassium and glucose levels, resting FEV1 and plasma propranolol concentrations were recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No significant difference in plasma propranolol (mean +/- SEM) levels was seen between races six hours after the last dose (Malays, 59.7 +/- 8.8 ng/ml, Indians, 67.6 +/- 19.3 ng/ml, Chinese, 58.4 +/- 7.9 ng/ml). Chinese were least sensitive to the bradycardic and hypotensive effects of propranolol at rest and exercise. Indians and Malays had significant reduction of supine systolic blood pressure with propranolol but not Chinese. Comparison of percentage reductions of systolic blood pressure at supine, sitting and exercise by repeated measure analysis showed the Malays to have significantly higher change compared to the Chinese (p = 0.022). Similarly, comparison of percentage reductions of heart rate at supine, sitting and exercise by repeated measure analysis showed the Malays to have significantly higher change compared to the Chinese (p = 0.040). Average change in potassium concentrations at peak exercise and recovery showed the Indians to have significantly higher increase in potassium levels with propranolol compared to the Malays (p = 0.038). However, no significant interethnic difference was seen in the reduction of glucose levels at rest, peak exercise or recovery. Also, no significant interethnic difference was seen in reduction of FEV1 values.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We, therefore, conclude that ethnic differences in response to blockade of beta-receptors exist among racial groups in Malaysia. These differences were seen at similar plasma drug levels between races suggesting ethnic differences in drug sensitivity, rather than differences in drug disposition.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan.
authors.forename: A H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Rasool
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Rahman
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ismail
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hatim
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Abdullah
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Haron
mesh_terms: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000328:Adult; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D005541:Forced Expiratory Volume / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008296:Malaysia / Q000208:ethnology; D008297:Male; D011187:Posture / Q000502:physiology; D011433:Propranolol / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D044469:Racial Groups; D011943:Receptors, Adrenergic, beta / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; D001786:Blood Glucose; D011943:Receptors, Adrenergic, beta; D011433:Propranolol