title: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma activators inhibit IFN-gamma-induced expression of the T cell-active CXC chemokines IP-10, Mig, and I-TAC in human endothelial cells.
abstract: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARgamma), a member of the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily originally shown to play an important role in adipocyte differentiation and glucose homeostasis, is now known to regulate inflammatory responses. Given the importance of endothelial cell (EC)-derived chemokines in regulating leukocyte function and trafficking, we studied the effects of PPARgamma ligands on the expression of chemokines induced in ECs by the Th1 cytokine IFN-gamma. Treatment of ECs with PPARgamma activators significantly inhibited IFN-gamma-induced mRNA and protein expression of the CXC chemokines IFN-inducible protein of 10 kDa (IP-10), monokine induced by IFN-gamma (Mig), and IFN-inducible T-cell alpha-chemoattractant (I-TAC), whereas expression of the CC chemokine monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 was not altered. PPARgamma activators decreased IFN-inducible protein of 10 kDa promoter activity and inhibited protein binding to the two NF-kappaB sites but not to the IFN-stimulated response element ISRE site. Furthermore, PPARgamma ligands inhibited the release of chemotactic activity for CXC chemokine receptor 3 (CXCR3)-transfected lymphocytes from IFN-gamma-stimulated ECs. These data suggest that anti-diabetic PPARgamma activators might attenuate the recruitment of activated T cells at sites of Th1-mediated inflammation.
authors.affiliation: Vascular Medicine and Atherosclerosis Unit, Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Marx
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Mach
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sauty
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Leung
authors.forename: M N
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Sarafi
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Ransohoff
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Libby
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Plutzky
authors.forename: A D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Luster
mesh_terms: D054357:Chemokine CXCL10; D054371:Chemokine CXCL11; D054370:Chemokine CXCL9; D019743:Chemokines, CXC / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D002633:Chemotaxis / Q000187:drug effects; D004281:Docosahexaenoic Acids / Q000494:pharmacology; D004306:Dose-Response Relationship, Immunologic; D015118:Eicosapentaenoic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008830:Microbodies / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D015230:Prostaglandin D2 / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D011743:Pyrimidines; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000096:biosynthesis; D054367:Receptors, CXCR3; D019707:Receptors, Chemokine / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D012501:Saphenous Vein; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: C097240:15-deoxy-delta(12,14)-prostaglandin J2; C515202:CXCL11 protein, human; C080810:CXCL9 protein, human; C515187:CXCR3 protein, human; D054357:Chemokine CXCL10; D054371:Chemokine CXCL11; D054370:Chemokine CXCL9; D019743:Chemokines, CXC; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D016328:NF-kappa B; D011743:Pyrimidines; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D054367:Receptors, CXCR3; D019707:Receptors, Chemokine; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear; D014157:Transcription Factors; D004281:Docosahexaenoic Acids; D007371:Interferon-gamma; C006253:pirinixic acid; D015118:Eicosapentaenoic Acid; D015230:Prostaglandin D2