title: The detection of cytokeratins in lymph nodes of Duke's B colorectal cancer subjects predicts a poor outcome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objectives of this study were to examine the frequency of lymph node micrometastases detected by keratin immunohistochemistry and their relationship with survival behaviour.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 133 consecutive patients staged as Duke's B, who had curative resection for colorectal cancer (CRC), comprised the study population. Patients who had died of a non-CRC-related cause or who became lost to follow-up were excluded, resulting in an amended population of 100. Study end-points were defined as disease-free survival of 5 years or CRC-related death. Paraffin-embedded lymph node sections were stained with a commercial cytokeratin antibody using a standard avidin-biotin technique.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One quarter of subjects had micrometastases. Fifty-six per cent of subjects with positive lymph nodes had an adverse outcome, compared with 11% of subjects with negative nodes. A highly significant association was found between lymph node cytokeratin expression and mortality in both the univariate (log rank P = 0.0001) and multivariate (Cox proportional hazards P = 0.0123) analysis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Lymph node micrometastases detected by this inexpensive and simple technique are significantly associated with mortality in Duke's B CRC. This technique may be used to select patients for adjuvant chemotherapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Mater Misericordiae Hospital, University College Dublin, Ireland.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Clarke
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ryan
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: O'Keane
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Crowe
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: MacMathuna
mesh_terms: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis*; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007633:Keratins / Q000032:analysis*; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000473:pathology*; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D011379:Prognosis; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D016019:Survival Analysis
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D007633:Keratins