title: Hierarchy of protein tyrosine kinases in interleukin-2 (IL-2) signaling: activation of syk depends on Jak3; however, neither Syk nor Lck is required for IL-2-mediated STAT activation.
abstract: Interleukin-2 (IL-2) activates several different families of tyrosine kinases, but precisely how these kinases interact is not completely understood. We therefore investigated the functional relationships among Jak3, Lck, and Syk in IL-2 signaling. We first observed that in the absence of Jak3, both Lck and Syk had the capacity to phosphorylate Stat3 and Stat5a. However, neither supported IL-2-induced STAT activation, nor did dominant negative alleles of these kinases inhibit. Moreover, pharmacological abrogation of Lck activity did not inhibit IL-2-mediated phosphorylation of Jak3 and Stat5a. Importantly, ligand-dependent Syk activation was dependent on the presence of catalytically active Jak3, whereas Lck activation was not. Interestingly, Syk functioned as a direct substrate of Jak1 but not Jak3. Additionally, Jak3 phosphorylated Jak1, whereas the reverse was not the case. Taken together, our data support a model in which Lck functions in parallel with Jak3, while Syk functions as a downstream element of Jaks in IL-2 signaling. Jak3 may regulate Syk catalytic activity indirectly via Jak1. However, IL-2-mediated Jak3/Stat activation is not dependent on Lck or Syk. While the essential roles of Jak1 and Jak3 in signaling by gammac-utilizing cytokines are clear, it will be important to dissect the exact contributions of Lck and Syk in mediating the effects of IL-2 and related cytokines.
authors.affiliation: Lymphocyte Cell Biology Section, Arthritis and Rheumatism Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA. zhouy@exchange.nih.gov
authors.forename: Y J
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: K S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Magnuson
authors.forename: T P
authors.initials: TP
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gadina
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Frucht
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Galon
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Candotti
authors.forename: R L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Geahlen
authors.forename: P S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Changelian
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: O'Shea
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000502:physiology*; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D004792:Enzyme Precursors / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000502:physiology*; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D053616:Janus Kinase 3; D019860:Lymphocyte Specific Protein Tyrosine Kinase p56(lck) / Q000502:physiology; D008894:Milk Proteins; D010766:Phosphorylation; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000502:physiology*; D015375:Receptors, Interleukin-2 / Q000502:physiology; D050799:STAT5 Transcription Factor; D015398:Signal Transduction; D000072377:Syk Kinase; D015534:Trans-Activators / Q000502:physiology*; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins
chemical_list: D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D004792:Enzyme Precursors; D007376:Interleukin-2; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D008894:Milk Proteins; D015375:Receptors, Interleukin-2; D050799:STAT5 Transcription Factor; C494092:STAT5A protein, human; D015534:Trans-Activators; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; C507933:JAK3 protein, human; D053616:Janus Kinase 3; D019860:Lymphocyte Specific Protein Tyrosine Kinase p56(lck); C000606896:SYK protein, human; D000072377:Syk Kinase