title: Cell cycle inhibition by the anti-angiogenic agent TNP-470 is mediated by p53 and p21WAF1/CIP1.
abstract: Angiogenesis has been demonstrated to be essential for tumor growth and metastasis, and inhibition of angiogenesis is emerging as a promising strategy for treating cancer. Among the most potent inhibitors of angiogenesis is the fumagillin family of natural products. An analog of fumagillin, known as TNP-470 or AGM-1470, has been undergoing clinical trials for treating a variety of cancers. TNP-470 has been shown to block endothelial cell cycle progression in the late G(1) phase. Although the direct molecular target for TNP-470 has been identified as the type 2 methionine aminopeptidase (MetAP2), how inhibition of this enzyme leads to cell cycle arrest has remained unclear. We report that treatment of endothelial and other drug-sensitive cell types leads to the activation of the p53 pathway, causing an accumulation of the G(1) cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21(WAF1/CIP1). The requirement of p53 and p21(WAF1/CIP1) for the cell cycle inhibition by TNP-470 is underscored by the observation that cells deficient in p53 and p21(WAF1/CIP1) are resistant to TNP-470. These results shed significant light on the mechanism of cell cycle inhibition by TNP-470 and suggest an alternative method of activating p53 in endothelial cells to halt angiogenesis and tumor progression.
authors.affiliation: Center for Cancer Research, and Departments of Biology and Chemistry, and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: E C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Griffith
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sage
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Jacks
authors.forename: J O
authors.initials: JO
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D050759:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21; D016213:Cyclins / Q000502:physiology*; D003510:Cyclohexanes; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D000077609:O-(Chloroacetylcarbamoyl)fumagillol; D012717:Sesquiterpenes / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors; C493956:CDKN1A protein, human; D050759:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21; D016213:Cyclins; D003510:Cyclohexanes; D012717:Sesquiterpenes; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53; D000077609:O-(Chloroacetylcarbamoyl)fumagillol