title: Simian immunodeficiency viruses of diverse origin can use CXCR4 as a coreceptor for entry into human cells.
abstract: Primary simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) isolated from sooty mangabey (SIVsm [n = 6]), stumptail (SIVstm [n = 1]), mandrill (SIVmnd [n = 1]), and African green (SIVagm [n = 1]) primates were examined for their ability to infect human cells and for their coreceptor requirements. All isolates infected human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from a CCR5(+/+) donor, and seven of eight isolates tested also infected CCR5(-/-) PBMCs. Analysis of coreceptor utilization using GHOST and U87 cell lines revealed that all of the isolates tested used CCR5 and the orphan receptors STRL33 and GPR15. Coreceptors such as CCR2b, CCR3, CCR8, and CX3CR1 were also utilized by some primary SIV isolates. More importantly, we found that CXCR4 was used as a coreceptor by the SIVstm, the SIVagm, and four of the SIVsm isolates in GHOST and U87 cells. These data suggest that primary SIV isolates from diverse primate species can utilize CXCR4 for viral entry, similar to what has been described for human immunodeficiency viruses.
authors.affiliation: HIV and Retrovirology Branch, Division of AIDS, STD, and TB Laboratory Research, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Owen
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Masciotra
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Novembre
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yee
authors.forename: W M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Switzer
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ostyula
authors.forename: R B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Lal
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000276:immunology; D002460:Cell Line; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D016665:Cercocebus atys / Q000821:virology; D054377:Chemokine CXCL12; D019743:Chemokines, CXC / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D002522:Chlorocebus aethiops / Q000821:virology; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000821:virology*; D008254:Macaca nemestrina / Q000821:virology; D010215:Papio / Q000821:virology; D010802:Phylogeny; D019713:Receptors, CCR5 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D019718:Receptors, CXCR4 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D000075744:Receptors, CXCR6; D019707:Receptors, Chemokine; D018121:Receptors, Cytokine / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D043562:Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled; D018000:Receptors, Peptide / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D011991:Receptors, Virus; D017384:Sequence Deletion / Q000235:genetics; D015302:Simian Immunodeficiency Virus / Q000145:classification / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D013997:Time Factors; D014779:Virus Replication
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; C515255:CXCL12 protein, human; C106330:CXCR6 protein, human; D054377:Chemokine CXCL12; D019743:Chemokines, CXC; C103539:GPR15 protein, human; D019713:Receptors, CCR5; D019718:Receptors, CXCR4; D000075744:Receptors, CXCR6; D019707:Receptors, Chemokine; D018121:Receptors, Cytokine; D043562:Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled; D018000:Receptors, Peptide; D011991:Receptors, Virus