title: Severe impairment of salivation in Na+/K+/2Cl- cotransporter (NKCC1)-deficient mice.
abstract: The salivary fluid secretory mechanism is thought to require Na(+)/K(+)/2Cl(-) cotransporter-mediated Cl(-) uptake. To directly test this possibility we studied the in vivo and in vitro functioning of acinar cells from the parotid glands of mice with targeted disruption of Na(+)/K(+)/2Cl(-) cotransporter isoform 1 (Nkcc1), the gene encoding the salivary Na(+)/K(+)/2Cl(-) cotransporter. In wild-type mice NKCC1 was localized to the basolateral membranes of parotid acinar cells, whereas expression was not detected in duct cells. The lack of functional NKCC1 resulted in a dramatic reduction (>60%) in the volume of saliva secreted in response to a muscarinic agonist, the primary in situ salivation signal. Consistent with defective Cl(-) uptake, a loss of bumetanide-sensitive Cl(-) influx was observed in parotid acinar cells from mice lacking NKCC1. Cl(-)/ HCO(3)(-) exchanger activity was increased in parotid acinar cells isolated from knockout mice suggesting that the residual saliva secreted by mice lacking NKCC1 is associated with anion exchanger-dependent Cl(-) uptake. Indeed, expression of the Cl(-)/ HCO(3)(-) exchanger AE2 was enhanced suggesting that this transporter compensates for the loss of functional Na(+)/K(+)/2Cl(-) cotransporter. Furthermore, the ability of the parotid gland to conserve NaCl was abolished in NKCC1-deficient mice. This deficit was not associated with changes in the morphology of the ducts, but transcript levels for the alpha-, beta-, and gamma-subunits of the epithelial Na(+) channel were reduced. These data directly demonstrate that NKCC1 is the major Cl(-) uptake mechanism across the basolateral membrane of acinar cells and is critical for driving saliva secretion in vivo.
authors.affiliation: Center for Oral Biology, Aab Institute of Biomedical Sciences and the Eastman Department of Dentistry, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York 14642, USA. Richard.Evans@Unilever.com
authors.forename: R L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Evans
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Turner
authors.forename: G E
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Watson
authors.forename: H V
authors.initials: HV
authors.lastname: Nguyen
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Dennett
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Hand
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Flagella
authors.forename: G E
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Shull
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Melvin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002034:Bumetanide / Q000494:pharmacology; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D002712:Chlorides / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D018721:Muscarinic Agonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D010306:Parotid Gland / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics; D012472:Salivation / Q000235:genetics*; D028021:Sodium-Potassium-Chloride Symporters
chemical_list: D002352:Carrier Proteins; D002712:Chlorides; D018721:Muscarinic Agonists; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D028021:Sodium-Potassium-Chloride Symporters; D002034:Bumetanide