title: Influence of granulating method on physical and mechanical properties, compression behavior, and compactibility of lactose and microcrystalline cellulose granules.
abstract: The physical and mechanical properties of lactose (LC) and microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) granules prepared by various granulating methods were determined, and their effects on the compression and strength of the tablets were examined. From the force-displacement curve obtained in a crushing test on a single granule, all LC granules appeared brittle, and MCC granules were somewhat plastically deformable. Inter-granular porosity epsilon inter clearly decreased with greater spherical granule shape for both materials. Decrease in intragranular porosity epsilon intra enhanced the crushing force of a single granule Fg. Agitating granulation brought about the most compactness and hardness of granules. In granule compression tests, the initial slope of Heckel plots K1 appeared closely related to ease of filling voids in a granule bed by the slippage or rolling of granules. The reciprocal of the slope in the succeeding step 1/K2 in compression of MCC granules indicated positive correlation to Fg, while in LC granules, no such obvious relation was evident. 1/K2 differed only slightly among granulating methods. Tensile strength of tablets Tt obtained by compression of various LC granules was low as a whole and was little influenced by granulating method. For MCC granules, which are plastically deformable, tablet strength greatly depended on granulation. Granules prepared by extruding or dry granulation gave strong tablets. Tablets prepared from granules made by the agitating method showed particularly low Tt. From stereomicroscopic observation, the contact area between granule particles in a tablet appeared smaller; this would explain the decrease in inter-granular bond formation.
authors.affiliation: Maruho R&D Laboratories Pharmaceutical Research Section, Shiga, Japan. horisawa_ahl@mii.maruho.co.jp
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Horisawa
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Danjo
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sunada
mesh_terms: D002482:Cellulose / Q000737:chemistry*; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical / Q000379:methods; D019245:Compressive Strength; D007785:Lactose / Q000737:chemistry*; D010316:Particle Size; D013607:Tablets / Q000737:chemistry; D013718:Tensile Strength
chemical_list: D013607:Tablets; D002482:Cellulose; D007785:Lactose; C109691:microcrystalline cellulose