title: A controlled trial of an educational pamphlet to prevent disability after occupational low back injury.
abstract: METHODS
  Randomized controlled trial.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To test the ability of an educational pamphlet to improve recovery in terms of pain, work status, and health care utilization after occupational low back injury.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Low back pain and disability persist as occupational health problems of epidemic proportions. Because interventions based on biomechanical models have had limited impact, recent educational approaches to preventing back problems have stressed psychosocial recovery issues.
  
  
  METHODS
  A pamphlet was developed by compiling activity resumption, self-care, and attitudinal advice from recent publications. The pamphlet was sent at random to half of all consenting workers reporting back pain within 11 days of occupational injury between 7/96 and 6/97. Three and 6 months later, back pain, work status, health care use, and pamphlet impact outcomes were assessed through structured telephone interviews.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 726 eligible workers, 486 consented to participate. Consenters and nonconsenters and intervention and control groups were similar in initial demographic variables. The pamphlet had no statistically significant impact at the 0.05 significance level on pain severity or reduction, health care visits, or work absence. Of the 229 pamphlet recipients, 129 thought it had provided useful information, but only 25 thought it had helped them return to work more quickly.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this trial, a pamphlet stressing psychosocial recovery issues did not prevent or reduce postinjury pain, health care use, or work absence.
authors.affiliation: Vermont Back Research Center, the Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA.
authors.forename: R G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Hazard
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Reid
authors.forename: L D
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Haugh
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: McFarlane
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D019567:Back Injuries / Q000523:psychology / Q000534:rehabilitation* / Q000628:therapy; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009784:Occupational Diseases / Q000523:psychology / Q000534:rehabilitation* / Q000628:therapy; D010174:Pamphlets; D010353:Patient Education as Topic; D018582:Sick Leave; D016896:Treatment Outcome