title: Angiotensin II antagonist prevents electrical remodeling in atrial fibrillation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The blockade of angiotensin II (Ang II) formation has protective effects on cardiovascular tissue; however, the role of Ang II in atrial electrical remodeling is unknown. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of candesartan and captopril on atrial electrical remodeling.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In 24 dogs, the atrial effective refractory period (AERP) was measured before, during, and after rapid atrial pacing. Rapid atrial pacing at 800 bpm was maintained for 180 minutes. The infusion of saline (n=8), candesartan (n=5), captopril (n=6), or Ang II (n=5) was initiated 30 minutes before rapid pacing and continued throughout the study. In the saline group, AERP was significantly shortened during rapid atrial pacing (from 149+/-11 to 132+/-16 ms, P<0.01). There was no significant difference in AERP shortening between the saline group and the Ang II group. However, in the candesartan and captopril groups, shortening of the AERP after rapid pacing was completely inhibited (from 142+/-9 to 147+/-12 ms with candesartan, from 153+/-15 to 153+/-14 ms with captopril, P=NS). Although rate adaptation of the AERP was lost in the saline group, this phenomenon was preserved in the candesartan and captopril groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The inhibition of endogenous Ang II prevented AERP shortening during rapid atrial pacing. These results indicate for the first time that Ang II may be involved in the mechanism of atrial electrical remodeling and that the blockade of Ang II may lead to the better therapeutic management of human atrial fibrillation.
authors.affiliation: Second Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan. kxk@fukuoka-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nakashima
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kumagai
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Urata
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Gondo
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ideishi
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Arakawa
mesh_terms: D000804:Angiotensin II / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000494:pharmacology; D047228:Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers; D057912:Angiotensin II Type 2 Receptor Blockers; D057911:Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists; D000818:Animals; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001281:Atrial Fibrillation / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D016275:Atrial Function / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D001562:Benzimidazoles / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds; D002216:Captopril / Q000494:pharmacology; D004285:Dogs; D005260:Female; D006329:Heart Conduction System / Q000187:drug effects / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D009206:Myocardium / Q000737:chemistry; D010138:Pacemaker, Artificial; D044140:Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1; D044139:Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 2; D011945:Receptors, Angiotensin / Q000502:physiology; D012849:Sinoatrial Node / Q000502:physiology; D013777:Tetrazoles / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D047228:Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers; D057912:Angiotensin II Type 2 Receptor Blockers; D057911:Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D001562:Benzimidazoles; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds; D044140:Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1; D044139:Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 2; D011945:Receptors, Angiotensin; D013777:Tetrazoles; D000804:Angiotensin II; D002216:Captopril; C081643:candesartan