title: Oral clonidine in postmenopausal patients with breast cancer experiencing tamoxifen-induced hot flashes: a University of Rochester Cancer Center Community Clinical Oncology Program study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Hot flashes are the most frequently reported side effect of tamoxifen treatment. Although hormones are an effective treatment, their safety is questionable in women with breast cancer. It is therefore important to evaluate nonhormonal treatments for hot flashes.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effectiveness of oral clonidine for control of hot flashes associated with tamoxifen therapy in postmenopausal women with breast cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  University of Rochester Cancer Center Community Clinical Oncology Program.
  
  
  METHODS
  194 postmenopausal women with breast cancer who were receiving adjuvant tamoxifen therapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Oral clonidine hydrochloride, 0.1 mg/d, or placebo for 8 weeks.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a daily diary, patients recorded number, duration, and severity of hot flashes and overall quality-of-life score (on a 10-point scale) during a 1-week baseline period and during the 4th, 8th, and 12th weeks of the study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients in the placebo and treatment groups were similar in age, duration of tamoxifen use, reported frequency and duration of hot flashes at baseline, and dropout rates. One hundred forty-nine patients completed 12 weeks of follow-up. The mean decrease in hot flash frequency was greater in the clonidine group than in the placebo group after 4 weeks of treatment (37% compared with 20% [95% CI for difference, 7% to 27%]) and 8 weeks of treatment (38% compared with 24% [CI for difference, 3% to 27%]). Patients receiving clonidine were more likely than patients receiving placebo to report difficulty sleeping (41% compared with 21%; P = 0.02). A significant difference was seen in the mean change in quality-of-life scores (0.3 points in the clonidine group compared with -0.2 points in the placebo group; P = 0.02) at 8 weeks, although the median difference was 0 in both groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Oral clonidine, 0.1 mg/d, is effective against tamoxifen-induced hot flashes in postmenopausal women with breast cancer.
authors.affiliation: University of Rochester Cancer Center Community Clinical Oncology Program Research Base, New York 14642, USA.
authors.forename: K J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Pandya
authors.forename: R F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Raubertas
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Flynn
authors.forename: H E
authors.initials: HE
authors.lastname: Hynes
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Rosenbluth
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Kirshner
authors.forename: H I
authors.initials: HI
authors.lastname: Pierce
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Dragalin
authors.forename: G R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Morrow
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000316:Adrenergic alpha-Agonists / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018931:Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal / Q000009:adverse effects*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy*; D003000:Clonidine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D019584:Hot Flashes / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006801:Humans; D010352:Patient Dropouts; D010919:Placebos; D017698:Postmenopause; D019057:Quality-Adjusted Life Years; D013629:Tamoxifen / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D000316:Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; D018931:Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal; D010919:Placebos; D013629:Tamoxifen; D003000:Clonidine