title: Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis in African Americans: effects of steroids and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) is a common primary glomerulopathy in African Americans. In this report, we present data on 40 African American patients with FSGS from our medical center.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients were identified from a review of all charts seen in our conservative management renal clinic in 1996, a review of renal biopsy rolls (1994-1998), and a review of patients entering the end-stage renal disease (ESRD) program with a primary diagnosis of FSGS (1993- 1997). Charts were reviewed for demographic, biopsy, and treatment data. Patients who were observed for at least 4 months (range, 4-125 months) were included. ESRD was used as the primary endpoint (n = 12). Data were analyzed using univariate and multivariate Cox hazards and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. Twenty-four patients were treated with angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors. Similarly, 24 patients were treated with corticosteroids for a mean of 8.75 +/- 2.6 months and a total dose of 9.3 +/- 2.2 g.
  
  
  RESULTS
  On univariate analysis, factors found to be significant determinants for reaching ESRD were the initial creatinine (P = 0.0001), interstitial fibrosis (P = 0.032), the percentage of globally sclerosed glomeruli (P = 0.0018), and the mean arterial blood pressure over the course of follow-up (P = 0.05). Neither the ACE inhibitors nor the corticosteroids had a significant impact on reaching ESRD. The patients reaching ESRD (n = 12) were analyzed separately. The mean time from biopsy to ESRD was 24.7 +/- 9.8 months. ACE inhibitors prolonged renal survival (P = 0.023), but steroids did not. Initial creatinine was the only factor found to be a significant determinant for ESRD.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We conclude that FSGS is common in African Americans. Early diagnosis and blood pressure control are important, but the beneficial effects of steroids and ACE inhibitors in this population are still unclear.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson 39216, USA.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Crenshaw
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bigler
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Salem
authors.forename: E D
authors.initials: ED
authors.lastname: Crook
mesh_terms: D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000328:Adult; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D044383:Black People; D005260:Female; D005923:Glomerulosclerosis, Focal Segmental / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000208:ethnology / Q000401:mortality; D006801:Humans; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000517:prevention & control; D008297:Male; D012737:Sex Factors; D001741:Black or African American
chemical_list: D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors