title: [Latent autoimmune (type 1) diabetes mellitus in patients originally classified as type 2. Divergence of etiologic markers].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  To assess the prevalence of markers of autoimmune insulitis (AII) in patients classified originally as having Type-2 diabetes mellitus (Type-2 DM). 386 patients subdivided according to the BMI, C-peptide and type of treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Age, BMI, C-peptide, Glutamic acid decarboxylase autoantibodies (GADA), HLA-DR/,-DQ alleles. Prevalence of GADA varied from < 5% in obese patients with normal/increased C-peptide to > 30% in non-obese patients with low C-peptide. In majority of GADA positive patients, the Type-1 DM high-risk HLA-DRB1*, HLA-DQB1* alleles have been found. Among them HLA-DRB1*0302 and HLA-DRB1*0201 were more frequent than HLA-DRB1*040x and HL:A-DQB1*0302.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Significant fraction of patients classified initially as Type-2 DM may have in fact Type-1 DM. Such patients can be recognized on the basis of assessment of serological (GADA) and immuno-genetical (HLA-DR/,-DQ alleles) markers. In some patients clinical, metabolic, immune, and immunogenetic markers may disagree. This divergence stresses multifactorial genesis of diabetes. Moreover, it can also suggest that both autoimmune insulitis and insulin resistance may coexist in parallel.
authors.affiliation: I. interná klinika Jesseniovej lekárskej fakulty Univerzity Komenského, Martinská Fakultná nemocnica, Martin.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Martinka
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Straková
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Galajda
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Shawkatová
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Buc
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001323:Autoantibodies / Q000032:analysis; D001327:Autoimmune Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis; D002096:C-Peptide / Q000097:blood; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000175:diagnosis*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000175:diagnosis*; D005260:Female; D005968:Glutamate Decarboxylase / Q000276:immunology; D006683:HLA-DQ Antigens / Q000032:analysis; D006684:HLA-DR Antigens / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged
chemical_list: D001323:Autoantibodies; D015415:Biomarkers; D002096:C-Peptide; D006683:HLA-DQ Antigens; D006684:HLA-DR Antigens; D005968:Glutamate Decarboxylase