title: Involuntary out-patient commitment and reduction of violent behaviour in persons with severe mental illness.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Violent behaviour among persons with severe mental illness (SMI) causes public concern and is associated with illness relapse, hospital recidivism and poor outcomes in community-based treatment.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To test whether involuntary out-patient commitment (OPC) may help to reduce the incidence of violence among persons with SMI.
  
  
  METHODS
  One-year randomised trial of the effectiveness of OPC in 262 subjects with psychotic or major mood disorders and a history of hospital recidivism. Involuntarily hospitalised subjects awaiting OPC were randomly assigned to release or court-ordered treatment after discharge. Those with a recent history of serious assault remained under OPC until expiry of the court order (up to 90 days); then OPC orders were renewed at clinical/court discretion. Control subjects had no OPC. Four-monthly follow-up interviews with subject, case manager and collateral informant took place and service records were collected.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A significantly lower incidence of violent behaviour occurred in subjects with > or = 6 months' OPC. Lowest risk of violence was associated with extended OPC combined with regular out-patient services, adherence to prescribed medications and no substance misuse.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  OPC may significantly reduce risk of violent behaviour in persons with SMI, in part by improving adherence to medications while diminishing substance misuse.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA. Jeffrey.Swanson@Duke.edu
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Swanson
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Swartz
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Borum
authors.forename: V A
authors.initials: VA
authors.lastname: Hiday
authors.forename: H R
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Wagner
authors.forename: B J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Burns
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003134:Commitment of Persons with Psychiatric Disorders; D003625:Data Collection; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000628:therapy*; D008875:Middle Aged; D019964:Mood Disorders / Q000628:therapy*; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D010349:Patient Compliance; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000517:prevention & control; D014754:Violence / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data