title: The dose-response of intrathecal sufentanil added to bupivacaine for labor analgesia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Regional analgesia for labor often is initiated with an intrathecal injection of a local anesthetic and opioid. The purpose of this prospective, randomized, blinded study was to determine the optimal dose of intrathecal sufentanil when combined with 2.5 mg bupivacaine for labor analgesia.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred seventy parous parturients with cervical dilation between 3-5 cm were randomized to receive intrathecal 0 (control), 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, or 10.0 microg sufentanil combined with 2.5 mg bupivacaine, followed by a lidocaine epidural test dose, for initiation of analgesia (34 patients in each group). Visual analog scores and the presence of nausea, vomiting, and pruritus were determined every 15 min until the patient requested additional analgesia. Fetal heart rate tracings were compared between groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Groups were similar for age, height, weight, oxytocin dose, duration of labor, and baseline visual analog scores. Duration of action was significantly shorter for control patients (39 +/- 25 min [mean +/- SD]) compared with those administered sufentanil, all doses (93 +/- 32, 93 +/- 47, 94 +/- 33, 97 +/- 39 min), but was not different among groups administered 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, or 10.0 microg sufentanil. More patients who received 10 microg sufentanil reported nausea and vomiting than did control patients. The severity of pruritus increased with administration of 7.5 and 10.0 microg sufentanil. There was no difference in fetal heart rate changes among groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Intrathecal bupivacaine (2.5 mg) without sufentanil did not provide satisfactory analgesia for parous patients. However, bupivacaine combined with 2.5 microg sufentanil provided analgesia comparable to higher doses, with a lower incidence of nausea and vomiting and less severe pruritus.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Section of Obstetric Anesthesiology, Section of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA. c-wong2@northwestern.edu
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.forename: B M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Scavone
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Loffredi
authors.forename: W Y
authors.initials: WY
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Peaceman
authors.forename: J N
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Ganchiff
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016362:Analgesia, Obstetrical; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D001919:Bradycardia / Q000139:chemically induced; D002045:Bupivacaine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D005333:Fetus / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D007278:Injections, Spinal; D007743:Labor, Obstetric; D010147:Pain Measurement; D020250:Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting / Q000453:epidemiology; D011247:Pregnancy; D011446:Prospective Studies; D017409:Sufentanil / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D017409:Sufentanil; D002045:Bupivacaine