title: CMV allograft pancreatitis: diagnosis, treatment, and histological features.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is a common problem in solid organ transplant recipients. CMV infection of pancreas allografts is not, however, well described.
  
  
  METHODS
  We report the clinical presentation, histologic findings, treatment, and outcome in four patients with CMV allograft pancreatitis. These patients presented 18 weeks to 44 months after transplantation with elevated serum amylase and lipase and were suspected to have acute rejection. Percutaneous pancreas allograft biopsy specimens showed evidence of tissue invasive CMV infection. One patient had simultaneous CMV infection and acute rejection.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Prolonged treatment with ganciclovir resulted in clinical and histologic resolution of the CMV disease. Rejection was successfully treated. Primary CMV infection in seronegative recipients seemed to be a risk factor. Three patients maintain normal allograft function; one patient lost function due to chronic rejection. The histology of tissue-invasive CMV pancreas allograft infection and its differentiation from acute rejection is described.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Prompt diagnosis and prolonged therapy with antiviral agents can result in maintenance of allograft function.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Maryland Medical System, Baltimore 21201, USA.
authors.forename: D K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Klassen
authors.forename: C B
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Drachenberg
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Papadimitriou
authors.forename: C B
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Cangro
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Fink
authors.forename: S T
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Bartlett
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Weir
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003586:Cytomegalovirus Infections / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006084:Graft Rejection; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010179:Pancreas / Q000473:pathology; D016035:Pancreas Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D010195:Pancreatitis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology; D014184:Transplantation, Homologous