title: Automated analysis of normal and glaucomatous optic nerve head topography images.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To classify images of optic nerve head (ONH) topography obtained by scanning laser ophthalmoscopy as normal or glaucomatous without prior manual outlining of the optic disc.
  
  
  METHODS
  The shape of the ONH was modeled by a smooth two-dimensional surface with a shape described by 10 free parameters. Parameters were adjusted by least-squares fitting to give the best fit of the model to the image. These parameters, plus others derived from the image using the model as a basis, were used to discriminate between normal and abnormal images. The method was tested by applying it to ONH topography images, obtained with the Heidelberg Retina Tomograph, from 100 normal volunteers and 100 patients with glaucomatous visual field damage.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Many of the parameters derived from the fits differed significantly between normal and glaucomatous ONH images. They included the degree of surface curvature of the disc region surrounding the cup, the steepness of the cup walls, the goodness-of-fit of the model to the image in the cup region, and measures of cup width and cup depth. The statistics of the parameters were analyzed and were used to construct a classifier that gave the probability, P(G), that each image came from the glaucoma population. Images were classified as abnormal if P(G) > 0.5. The probabilities assigned to each image were in most cases close to 0 (normal) or 1 (abnormal). Eighty-seven percent of the sample was confidently classified with P(G) < 0.3 or P(G) > 0.7. Within this group, the overall classification accuracy was 92%. The overall accuracy of the method (the mean of sensitivity and specificity, which were similar) in the whole sample was 89%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  ONH images can be classified objectively and dependably by an automated procedure that does not require prior manual outlining of disc boundaries.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada. swindale@interchange.ubc.ca
authors.forename: N V
authors.initials: NV
authors.lastname: Swindale
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Stjepanovic
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chin
authors.forename: F S
authors.initials: FS
authors.lastname: Mikelberg
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D005901:Glaucoma / Q000175:diagnosis*; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009887:Ophthalmoscopy / Q000379:methods; D009898:Optic Disk / Q000473:pathology*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D014054:Tomography / Q000379:methods; D014786:Vision Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis*; D058609:Visual Field Tests; D014794:Visual Fields