Medication continuation and compliance: a comparison of patients treated with clozapine and haloperidol.
BACKGROUND
This study compares medication continuation and regimen compliance with the atypical antipsychotic medication clozapine versus the conventional antipsychotic haloperidol.


METHODS
Data from a 15-site double-blind, randomized clinical trial (N = 423) were used to compare patients with DSM-III-R schizophrenia assigned to clozapine or haloperidol in terms of duration of participation while taking the randomly assigned study drug (continuation) and the proportion of prescribed pills that were taken (compliance). Multiple regression analysis was used to determine the relationship of baseline characteristics and measures of clinical change to continuation for the entire sample and for patients assigned to each medication.


RESULTS
Patients assigned to clozapine continued taking the study drug for a mean of 35.5 weeks as compared with only 27.2 among patients assigned to haloperidol (F = 4.45, df = 1,422; p = .0001). No differences were found between the groups in the proportion of prescribed pills that were returned at any timepoint. Among patients assigned to haloperidol, poorer continuation was associated with being older and greater continuation with receiving public support. Among patients on clozapine treatment, continuation was poorer among African American patients and greater among patients who showed reduced clinical symptoms and akathisia. Continuation with clozapine was greater even after adjusting for these factors.


CONCLUSIONS
Continuation with medication is greater with clozapine than haloperidol and is partly explained by greater symptom improvement and reduced side effects. No differences were found in regimen compliance.
Rosenheck
R
R
VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, 06516-2770, USA. robert.rosenheck@yale.edu
Chang
S
S
Choe
Y
Y
Cramer
J
J
Xu
W
W
Thomas
J
J
Henderson
W
W
Charney
D
D
D000328:Adult; D001741:Black or African American / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003024:Clozapine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006220:Haloperidol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010349:Patient Compliance; D010352:Patient Dropouts; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000188:drug therapy*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D016312:Treatment Refusal; D015430:Weight Gain
D014150:Antipsychotic Agents; D003024:Clozapine; D006220:Haloperidol