title: [Competitiveness in science. Today, tomorrow, and forever].
abstract: Paternalistic governments and highly bureaucratized administrations produce mediocre science policy decisions that often allow for the co-existence of potentially competitive scientists alongside with those that are not. This invariably results in failure to produce significant research. It seems apparent therefore, that policy change aiming at improving science and technology must begin with intensification of the level of individual competitiveness. Nations that have internationally competitive levels of technical and scientific activity such as Japan, USA and Canada, share in common certain features that foster individual competitiveness despite the fact that their socioeconomic basis are vastly different. These common features include administrative continuity, very high academic standards and a highly educated work force. The scientist's emotional cost in competitive environments is high but there seems to be no alternative given the sophistication of the topics that are dealt with in formerly purely descriptive sciences such as biomedicine, and given the enormous speed of electronic communications. The role of governments in fostering science and technology should be mainly concerned with conducting a sound fiscal policy in order to provide for the needs of education and scientific activity. Governments can also play a key role in insuring that science remains competitive through the delineation of rules that increase individual competitiveness rather than with policy schemes that fail to directly address the responsibility of the individual. Policies to increase individuals' performance may prove costly to politicians given that these adjustments imply unpopular decisions regarding an increase in academic performance expectation beginning in high school and the re-assignment of functions of individuals or institutions that do not meet international productivity criteria.
authors.affiliation: University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Canada. adebold@ottawaheart.ca
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: de Bold
mesh_terms: D000047:Academies and Institutes / Q000458:organization & administration / Q000592:standards; D002170:Canada; D002322:Career Mobility; D003163:Competitive Behavior; D012108:Research Personnel / Q000523:psychology* / Q000592:standards; D012586:Science / Q000458:organization & administration / Q000592:standards; D013672:Technology / Q000458:organization & administration / Q000592:standards