title: The BCR/ABL tyrosine kinase induces production of reactive oxygen species in hematopoietic cells.
abstract: The BCR/ABL oncogene causes chronic myelogenous leukemia, a myeloproliferative disorder characterized by clonal expansion of hematopoietic progenitor cells and myeloid cells. It is shown here that transformation of the hematopoietic cell lines Ba/F3, 32Dcl3, and MO7e with BCR/ABL results in an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) compared with quiescent, untransformed cells. The increase in ROS was directly due to BCR/ABL because it was blocked by the ABL-specific tyrosine kinase inhibitor STI571. Oxidative stress through ROS is believed to have many biochemical effects, including the potential ability to inhibit protein-tyrosine phosphatases (PTPases). To understand the significance of increased production of ROS, a model system was established in which hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) was added to untransformed cells to mimic the increase in ROS induced constitutively by BCR/ABL. H(2)O(2) substantially reduced total cellular PTPase activity to a degree approximately equivalent to that of pervanadate, a well known PTPase inhibitor. Further, stimulation of untransformed cells with H(2)O(2) or pervanadate increased tyrosine phosphorylation of each of the most prominent known substrates of BCR/ABL, including c-ABL, c-CBL, SHC, and SHP-2. Treatment of the BCR/ABL-expressing cell line MO7/p210 with the reducing agents pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate or N-acetylcysteine reduced the accumulation of ROS and also decreased tyrosine phosphorylation of cellular proteins. Further, treatment of MO7e cells with H(2)O(2) or pervanadate increased the tyrosine kinase activity of c-ABL. Drugs that alter ROS metabolism or reactivate PTPases may antagonize BCR/ABL transformation.
authors.affiliation: Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Department of Adult Oncology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. martin_sattler@dfci.harvard.edu
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sattler
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Verma
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Shrikhande
authors.forename: C H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Byrne
authors.forename: Y B
authors.initials: YB
authors.lastname: Pride
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Winkler
authors.forename: E A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Greenfield
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Salgia
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Griffin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D002471:Cell Transformation, Neoplastic; D016044:Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl / Q000378:metabolism*; D006412:Hematopoietic Stem Cells / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000494:pharmacology; D008533:Megakaryocytes / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D017027:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases / Q000378:metabolism; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism*; D012402:Rotenone / Q000494:pharmacology; D015398:Signal Transduction; D014638:Vanadates / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; C076715:pervanadate; D012402:Rotenone; D014638:Vanadates; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; D016044:Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl; D017027:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases