title: Dissociating the role of the dorsolateral prefrontal and anterior cingulate cortex in cognitive control.
abstract: Theories of the regulation of cognition suggest a system with two necessary components: one to implement control and another to monitor performance and signal when adjustments in control are needed. Event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging and a task-switching version of the Stroop task were used to examine whether these components of cognitive control have distinct neural bases in the human brain. A double dissociation was found. During task preparation, the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (Brodmann's area 9) was more active for color naming than for word reading, consistent with a role in the implementation of control. In contrast, the anterior cingulate cortex (Brodmann's areas 24 and 32) was more active when responding to incongruent stimuli, consistent with a role in performance monitoring.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA.
authors.forename: A W
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: MacDonald
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Cohen
authors.forename: V A
authors.initials: VA
authors.lastname: Stenger
authors.forename: C S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Carter
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001931:Brain Mapping; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000502:physiology*; D003071:Cognition / Q000502:physiology*; D003116:Color; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D017397:Prefrontal Cortex / Q000502:physiology*; D011932:Reading