title: Tissue distribution of oxacillin and ampicillin in the isolated perfused bovine udder.
abstract: In vivo, tissue distribution of intra-mammarily administered antibiotics is mostly only assessed by sampling milk and blood. Therefore, the described study analysed whether measurement of tissue concentrations makes sense in vitro instead. Isolated bovine udders were perfused with gassed and warmed Tyrode solution. To four front and rear quarters each, 1000 mg oxacillin in 7.5 ml vehicle was administered intracisternally, completely formulated as sodium monohydrate in two lactation ointments (with or without sodium dodecylsulphate) or 80% as benzathine salt in a dry-off ointment. Over 3 h, perfusate and glandular tissue from different locations were sampled and analysed by high pressure liquid chromatography. With increasing vertical distance to the teat base, the tissue concentration of antibiotics decreased. With the lactation ointment containing sodium dodecylsulphate, lower oxacillin concentrations were reached in glandular tissue and lymph nodes compared to those without. The ointments led to a higher recovery of oxacillin in glandular tissue than in perfusate. Aluminium monostearate in the dry-off ointment caused an even poorer absorption of oxacillin into perfusate. The isolated perfused bovine udder is suitable to study the tissue distribution of antibiotics, since the results were mainly comparable with the few existing in vivo studies and show the influence of different formulations.
authors.affiliation: Institut für Pharmakologie, Toxikologie und Pharmazie, Tierärztliche Hochschule Hannover, Germany.
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Ehinger
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kietzmann
mesh_terms: D000667:Ampicillin / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D005260:Female; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008321:Mammary Glands, Animal / Q000378:metabolism*; D010068:Oxacillin / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D010406:Penicillins / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D010477:Perfusion; D014018:Tissue Distribution
chemical_list: D010406:Penicillins; D000667:Ampicillin; D010068:Oxacillin