title: Treatment of recent onset central retinal vein occlusion with intravitreal tissue plasminogen activator: a pilot study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the effects of intravitreal tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) in recent onset central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO).
  
  
  METHODS
  15 patients with recent onset CRVO (from 1-21 days' duration, mean 8 days) were given 75-100 microg of tPA intravitreally associate with low dose low molecular weight heparin. CRVO was perfused in nine patients and with mild ischaemia not exceeding 100 disc diameters in six patients. Follow up ranged from 5 to 21 months for 14 patients (mean 8 months). Visual acuity measurement, macular threshold (Humphrey perimeter), fluorescein angiography with the scanning laser ophthalmoscope with special emphasis on retinal circulation times, and retinal perfusion were performed at days 0, 1, and 8 and months 1, 3, and 6.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Visual acuity was significantly improved on the first day after treatment in only one eye, and decreased transiently in six eyes (40%). Retinal blood velocity was not significantly modified by tPA injection. Retinal ischaemia developed in six eyes (43%), leading to panretinal photocoagulation in five eyes including one with rubeosis iridis. At the end of follow up, visual acuity had improved to 20/30 or better in five eyes (36%), including two with complete recovery; visual acuity was worse than 20/200 in three eyes (28%). No complication of tPA injection was observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Intravitreal tPA treatment for CRVO appears to be simple and safe, but did not significantly modify the course of the occlusion in our patients immediately after treatment. Final visual outcome did not differ significantly from that observed in the natural course of the disease, but final visual acuity seemed to be slightly better. A randomised study is required to determine if intravitreal tPA actually improves visual outcome in CRVO.
authors.affiliation: University Eye Clinic of Créteil, University of Paris XII, Créteil, France. agnes.glacet@chicreteil.fr
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Glacet-Bernard
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kuhn
authors.forename: A K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Vine
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Oubraham
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Coscas
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Soubrane
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006495:Heparin, Low-Molecular-Weight / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D007267:Injections; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010865:Pilot Projects; D012170:Retinal Vein Occlusion / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014792:Visual Acuity / Q000187:drug effects; D014822:Vitreous Body
chemical_list: D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents; D006495:Heparin, Low-Molecular-Weight; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator