title: 14-methoxymetopon, a potent opioid, induces no respiratory depression, less sedation, and less bradycardia than sufentanil in the dog.
abstract: Opioids of the mu-receptor type depress respiration and induce addiction. At 10-min intervals 14-methoxymetopon (HS-198), which is 20,000 times more potent than morphine in the acethylcholine-writhing test, was given in graded IV doses (3, 6, and 12 microg/kg) to awake, trained canines (n = 7). The following variables were derived: PaO(2), PaCO(2), heart rate (lead II of the electrocardiogram), mean arterial blood pressure, relative changes in the delta domain and the beta domain of the electroencephalogram, the somatosensory evoked potential, and the skin-twitch reflex to electrical stimuli. Thereafter, 20 microg/kg naltrexone was given for reversal. After a washout period, the same animals were exposed to similar doses of sufentanil (SUF) followed by naltrexone. Both opioids induced a dose-related bradycardia and hypotension. The maximal bradycardic effect was 19% after HS-198 and 42% after SUF (P < 0.005). The maximal hypotension was 6% after HS-198 and 20% after SUF (P < 0.01). In the electroencephalogram, power in the delta band increased by 288% after HS-198 and by 439% after SUF (P < 0.01); simultaneously, power in the beta band decreased by 71% and by 95.7%, respectively (P < 0.01). PaO(2) decreased by 41% after SUF and by 4% after HS-198, and PaCO(2) increased by 56.8% and 6.6% in SUF and HS-198, respectively (P < 0.001). Both opioids induced a dose-related depression in the somatosensory evoked potential and increased tolerance to skin-twitch. The maximal effect was 92.7% after SUF and 81.3% after HS-198 was not significant. Naltrexone reversed all changes back to control. Compared with SUF, HS-198 does not induce hypoxia and hypercarbia, induces less hypotension and bradycardia, and induces less sedative effects.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Compared with sufentanil, 14-methoxymetopone does not induce hypoxia and hypercarbia, induces less hypotension and bradycardia, and induces less sedative effects (electroencephalogram). Antinociception is similar to sufentanil (skin-twitch method, amplitude depression in the evoked potential). All effects are reversed by naltrexone. Interaction of kappa-receptor is suggested.
authors.affiliation: Clinics of Vascular Surgery and Renal Transplantation, University Clinics of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Freye
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Schmidhammer
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Latasch
mesh_terms: D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D001919:Bradycardia / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000097:blood; D003864:Depression, Chemical; D004285:Dogs; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004562:Electrocardiography / Q000187:drug effects; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009022:Morphine Derivatives / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009271:Naltrexone / Q000494:pharmacology; D009292:Narcotic Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000187:drug effects; D015656:Respiratory Mechanics / Q000187:drug effects*; D017409:Sufentanil / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives; D009022:Morphine Derivatives; D009292:Narcotic Antagonists; C081949:14-methoxymetopon; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D009271:Naltrexone; D017409:Sufentanil; D010100:Oxygen