title: Association of endotoxemia and production of antibodies against endotoxins after multiple injuries.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Endotoxemia after injury has been a controversial issue. Endotoxins stimulate the innate and adaptive immune system.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate endotoxemia and its effects on the production of antiendotoxin antibodies of cultured mononuclear cells of patients with multiple injuries.
  
  
  METHODS
  Blood samples of 20 patients with multiple injuries were collected up to 12 days after trauma. The endotoxin concentration was measured in the plasma, and mononuclear cells were isolated and cultured. Specific antibodies against two lipopolysaccharides, one lipid A preparation, and alpha-hemolysin of Staphylococcus aureus were measured in the cell culture supernatant by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Endotoxemia peaked at admission of the patients, decreasing thereafter to almost normal values within 5 days. Isolated mononuclear cells synthesized antibodies against all tested antigens with a peak at or between day 5 and day 7. The increase was significant for immunoglobulin (Ig)A and IgM specific to all endotoxins tested and for IgA specific to alpha-hemolysin. However, there were no significant changes of the concentrations of total IgM, IgA, and IgG. All specific IgG remained unaffected.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients with multiple injuries initially have temporary endotoxemia. Endotoxin may be suggested as a stimulator of the synthesis of antiendotoxin antibodies, in particular of the IgA and IgM class in patients with multiple injuries.
authors.affiliation: Chirurgie I, Universität Ulm, Germany.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Buttenschoen
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Berger
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Strecker
authors.forename: D C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Buttenschoen
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Stenzel
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Pieper
authors.forename: H G
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Beger
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial / Q000097:blood*; D018988:Bacterial Translocation; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D019446:Endotoxemia / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology* / Q000276:immunology*; D004731:Endotoxins / Q000276:immunology*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007070:Immunoglobulin A / Q000097:blood*; D007075:Immunoglobulin M / Q000097:blood*; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D016014:Linear Models; D008050:Lipid A / Q000276:immunology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009104:Multiple Trauma / Q000150:complications*; D013203:Staphylococcal Infections / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology* / Q000276:immunology*; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000276:immunology*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial; D004731:Endotoxins; D007070:Immunoglobulin A; D007075:Immunoglobulin M; D008050:Lipid A