title: Detection of mosaic chromosome 21 aneuploidy in vivo with CB-FISH method.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To explore the mechanism by which the ratio of mosaic diploid cells in vivo increased in trisomy 21 cases.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with pericentric DNA probes specific to human chromosome 21 to the binucleated cells cytokinesis- blocked by cytochalasin-B(CB), namely, CB-FISH method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean frequency of diploid cells (1.69%+/-1.07%) was significantly higher than that of tetrasomy 21 cells(0.042%+/-0.064%)(P=0.000) in 12 trisomy 21 cases aged 0-9 years (mean 4 years) in vivo; whereas the incidence of spontaneous monosomy 21 cells (0. 265%+/-0.13%) was close to the frequency of trisomy 21 cells (0. 225%+/-0.184%) in 20 control individuals aged 0-10 years (mean 5 years). The frequency of cells undergone chromosome 21 nondisjunction was 0.822%+/-0.554% in cultured trisomy 21 cells, which was significantly higher than that in the cultured diploid cells (0.369%+/-0.25%). However, the rates of cells with chromosome 21 loss in the two cultured cell lines (0.01%+/-0.03% vs 0.043%+/-0.049%) were not significantly different. In both cultured cell lines, chromosome 21 nondisjunction occurred more frequently than loss.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The increased frequency of diploidies in trisomy 21 cases may result from the accumulation of diploid cells originating from malsegregation of chromosome 21 in trisomic cells rather than the increase of chromosome 21 loss.
authors.affiliation: Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029 P.R. China. qshi@ucalgary.ca
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Q
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Shan
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000782:Aneuploidy; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003571:Cytochalasin B; D004314:Down Syndrome / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D017404:In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence; D008297:Male
chemical_list: D003571:Cytochalasin B