title: Chronic hypersensitivity for inflammatory nociceptor sensitization mediated by the epsilon isozyme of protein kinase C.
abstract: We have identified a mechanism, mediated by the epsilon isozyme of protein kinase C (PKCepsilon) in peripheral neurons, which may have a role in chronic inflammatory pain. Acute inflammation, produced by carrageenan injection in the rat hindpaw, produced mechanical hyperalgesia that resolved by 72 hr. However, for up to 3 weeks after carrageenan, injection of the inflammatory mediators prostaglandin E(2) or 5-hydroxytryptamine or of an adenosine A(2) agonist into the same site induced a markedly prolonged hyperalgesia (>24 hr compared with 5 hr or less in control rats not pretreated with carrageenan). A nonselective inhibitor of several PKC isozymes and a selective PKCepsilon inhibitor antagonized this prolonged hyperalgesic response equally. Acute carrageenan hyperalgesia could be inhibited by PKA or PKG antagonists. However, these antagonists did not inhibit development of the hypersensitivity to inflammatory mediators. Our findings indicate that different second messenger pathways underlie acute and prolonged inflammatory pain.
authors.affiliation: National Institutes of Health Pain Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143-0440, USA. aley@itsa.ucsf.edu
authors.forename: K O
authors.initials: KO
authors.lastname: Aley
authors.forename: R O
authors.initials: RO
authors.lastname: Messing
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Mochly-Rosen
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Levine
mesh_terms: D000241:Adenosine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D002351:Carrageenan; D015232:Dinoprostone / Q000494:pharmacology; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D006614:Hindlimb; D006930:Hyperalgesia / Q000503:physiopathology*; D007249:Inflammation; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D009619:Nociceptors / Q000502:physiology*; D010146:Pain / Q000503:physiopathology*; D010627:Phenethylamines / Q000494:pharmacology; D011493:Protein Kinase C / Q000378:metabolism*; D051744:Protein Kinase C-epsilon; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors; D058906:Purinergic P1 Receptor Agonists; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012701:Serotonin / Q000494:pharmacology; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D007527:Isoenzymes; D010627:Phenethylamines; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors; D058906:Purinergic P1 Receptor Agonists; C061282:2-(4-(2-carboxyethyl)phenethylamino)-5'-N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine; D012701:Serotonin; D002351:Carrageenan; C497257:Prkce protein, rat; D011493:Protein Kinase C; D051744:Protein Kinase C-epsilon; D000241:Adenosine; D015232:Dinoprostone