title: Comparison of selected perceptual variables for backpacks with internal and external frames.
abstract: Differences in perceptions of comfort, exertion, balance, and heart rate were investigated with two types of backpack. Subjects were 20 male volunteers (M age = 24.3 yr., SD: 3.6, M height = 180.02 cm, SD: 8.0, and M weight = 86.46 kg, SD: 14.84). Following oral briefing and practice trials, each subject was fitted at random with either an internal- or external-frame backpack containing 18.2 kg. By random, cross-over design, subjects completed a 30-m simulated hiking trial consisting of 16 separate obstacles designed to resemble actual off-trail hiking. Trials were conducted in a controlled environment with the walking intensity regulated by a metronome. Upon completion of each trial, the subjects rated the experience on perceived comfort, balance and stability, and rating of perceived exertion. Heart rate was recorded immediately prior to and following each trial. Analysis yielded a significant difference only on rating of perceived exertion in favor of the internal-frame backpack. Under limited circumstances, these data suggest that both types of backpacks provide similar comfort and balance and stability; however, internal frames in backpacks may reduce perceived exertion during short, demanding hikes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Health and Human Performance, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater 74074, USA.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Jacobson
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Jones
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008991:Monitoring, Physiologic; D010465:Perception; D005082:Physical Exertion / Q000502:physiology; D004856:Postural Balance / Q000502:physiology; D019876:Sports Equipment / Q000592:standards*; D016138:Walking / Q000502:physiology*; D016474:Weight-Bearing / Q000502:physiology*