title: Soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor abrogates myocardial inflammation but not hypertrophy in cytokine-induced cardiomyopathy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Transgenic mice with cardiac-specific overexpression of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha develop dilated cardiomyopathy. The present study was designed to evaluate therapeutic effects of adenovirus-mediated neutralization of TNF-alpha on this model.
  
  
  RESULTS
  An adenovirus encoding the 55-kDa TNF receptor-IgG fusion protein (AdTNFRI) was injected intravenously into 6-week-old transgenic mice, which resulted in high levels of TNFRI in both plasma and myocardium. AdTNFRI did not reverse cardiomegaly but abrogated myocardial inflammation. Furthermore, AdTNFRI blocked the myocardial expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and downstream cytokines, including interleukin-1beta and monocyte chemotactic protein-1. Downregulation of alpha-myosin heavy chain was restored by the treatment, whereas upregulation of beta-myosin heavy chain was not reversed. In contrast, the downregulation of sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+)-ATPase and phospholamban was normalized by AdTNFRI. Echocardiographic measurements showed that left ventricular end-systolic diameter was significantly larger in transgenic mice than in control mice, and this increase was reversed by the AdTNFRI treatment. However, left ventricular wall thickening was not reversed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that anti-TNF therapy may hold promise in the treatment of end-stage heart failure.
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Institute, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA, USA.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kubota
authors.forename: G S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Bounoutas
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Miyagishima
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kadokami
authors.forename: V J
authors.initials: VJ
authors.lastname: Sanders
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bruton
authors.forename: P D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Robbins
authors.forename: C F
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: McTiernan
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Feldman
mesh_terms: D000256:Adenoviridae / Q000235:genetics; D000818:Animals; D002135:Calcium-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D000252:Calcium-Transporting ATPases / Q000378:metabolism; D002311:Cardiomyopathy, Dilated / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism; D015536:Down-Regulation; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D000068800:Etanercept; D005822:Genetic Vectors; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000378:metabolism; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000032:analysis; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000032:analysis; D051379:Mice; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D009205:Myocarditis / Q000188:drug therapy; D018995:Myosin Heavy Chains / Q000032:analysis; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D012519:Sarcoplasmic Reticulum / Q000201:enzymology; D014760:Viral Fusion Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D000099211:Phospholamban
chemical_list: D002135:Calcium-Binding Proteins; D000252:Calcium-Transporting ATPases; D000068800:Etanercept; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1; D007375:Interleukin-1; D018995:Myosin Heavy Chains; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor; D014760:Viral Fusion Proteins; D000099211:Phospholamban