title: Results of a nationwide survey of chest radiography: comparison with results of a previous study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To provide public health information by means of measurement of the radiation exposures that patients undergoing chest radiography would receive and to compare the results with those of a similar previous survey.
  
  
  METHODS
  Surveyed facilities were randomly selected from each state. Patient exposure was evaluated along with film processing, half-value layer, and image quality. Additional information obtained concerned type of equipment, facility work load, radiographic technique, screen-film system, and grid type.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean entrance air kerma in all facilities was 141 microGy (16.1 mR). Mean kilovoltage in all facilities was 101 kV. In 1994, 140 (90%) of 156 hospitals (vs 71% in 1984) and 92 (58%; nearly double the percentage in 1984) of 159 nonhospital sites were using grids. Scoring with the imaging test tool resulted in a mean spatial resolution of 2.3 cycles per millimeter, and a mean low-contrast sensitivity of about 3%. Two hundred fifty-three (80%) of 315 facilities surveyed were processing film at minimum acceptable performance levels.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Mean entrance air kerma for all facilities did not substantially change. Although increased grid usage would lead to the expectation of higher measured exposures, this was offset by an increase in the use of faster screen-film combinations.
authors.affiliation: U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, Rockville, MD 20850, USA. rvk@cdrh.fda.gov
authors.forename: R V
authors.initials: RV
authors.lastname: Kaczmarek
authors.forename: B J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Conway
authors.forename: R O
authors.initials: RO
authors.lastname: Slayton
authors.forename: O H
authors.initials: OH
authors.lastname: Suleiman
mesh_terms: D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D013902:Radiography, Thoracic / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000706:statistics & numerical data / Q000639:trends*; D011897:Random Allocation; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014481:United States; D014963:X-Ray Intensifying Screens