title: Changes in optical properties of ex vivo rat prostate due to heating.
abstract: This study examines the effectiveness of a single, first-order Arrhenius process in accurately modelling the thermally induced changes in the optical properties, particularly the reduced scattering coefficient, mu(s)', and the absorption coefficient, mu(a), of ex vivo rat prostate. Recent work has shown that mu(s)' can increase as much as five-fold due to thermal coagulation, and the observed change in mu(s)' has been modelled well according to a first-order rate process in albumen. Conversely, optical property measurements conducted using pig liver suggest that this change in mu(s)' cannot suitably be described using a single rate parameter. In canine prostate, measurements have indicated that while the absorption coefficient varies with temperature, it does not do so according to first-order kinetics. A double integrating sphere system was used to measure the reflectance and transmittance of light at 810 nm through a thin sample of prostate. Using prostate samples collected from Sprague Dawley rats, optical properties were measured at a constant elevated temperature. Tissue samples were measured over the range 54-83 degrees C. The optical properties of the sample were determined through comparison with reflectance and transmittance values predicted by a Monte Carlo simulation of light propagation in turbid media. A first order Arrhenius model was applied to the observed change in mu(s)' and mu(a) to determine the rate process parameters for thermal coagulation. The measured rate coefficients were Ea = (7.18 +/- 1.74) x 10(4) J mol(-1) and Afreq = 3.14 x 10(8) s(-1) for mu(s)'. It was determined that the change in mu(s)' is well described by a single first-order rate process. Similar analysis performed on the changes in mu(a) due to increased temperatures yielded Ea = (1.01 +/- 0.35) x 10(5) J mol(-1) and Afreq = 8.92 x 10(12) s(-1). The results for mu(a) suggest that the Arrhenius model may be applicable to the changes in absorption.
authors.affiliation: Ontario Cancer Institute/Princess Margaret Hospital, Medical Physics Division and Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Canada.
authors.forename: M G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Skinner
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Everts
authors.forename: A D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Reid
authors.forename: I A
authors.initials: IA
authors.lastname: Vitkin
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lilge
authors.forename: M D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Sherar
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D055592:Biophysical Phenomena; D001703:Biophysics; D004285:Dogs; D006358:Hot Temperature / Q000009:adverse effects; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008297:Male; D008954:Models, Biological; D009010:Monte Carlo Method; D055095:Optics and Photonics; D011467:Prostate / Q000293:injuries / Q000502:physiology*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012542:Scattering, Radiation; D013552:Swine; D013816:Thermodynamics