title: Oculomotor phenomena in petit-mal.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the temporal relationship among behavior, eye movements and respiration during absence seizures.
  
  
  METHODS
  This included simultaneous videorecording of a patient's face, EEG and respirogram, in 5 patients with absence seizures. Absence seizures were defined as a sudden lapse of consciousness with impairment of mental functions. Oculomotor phenomena consisted of: eye fluttering, eye deviation (conjugate lateral or upward deflection), and eye-opening.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Oculomotor phenomena began 1 2/3-3 s after the onset of the electrographic discharge and ended before the discharge. The most frequent events were eye-opening, stare with or without palpebral myoclonias, and tonic or clonic upward movements. Downward movement or convergence was not observed as well as head version. Respiratory changes (apnea) are the last events to occur.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  absence seizures were characterized by the onset of a 3/s spike-slow wave discharge followed by oculomotor phenomena and respiratory changes. The time course suggests that epileptic discharges precede and then involve oculomotor and respiratory brainstem centers.
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Neurofisiología Clínica, Instituto de Neurología, Hospital de Clínicas, Montevideo, Uruguay.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bogacz
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bogacz
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bogacz
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004832:Epilepsy, Absence / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005133:Eye Movements / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D005403:Fixation, Ocular; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009802:Oculomotor Nerve / Q000503:physiopathology*; D010063:Ovum; D012119:Respiration; D013147:Spirometry; D014741:Video Recording