title: Reversal of caffeine withdrawal by ingestion of a soft beverage.
abstract: Followlng regular use, acute cessation of caffeine is associated with a characteristic withdrawal syndrome. Despite this, caffeine remains popular with its consumers. The aim of this study was to examine the physiologic and psychologic effects of small caffeine doses, administered in the form of a market-leading soft drink, on healthy women who were acutely withdrawn from caffeine. After 48-h abstinence and overnight fast, 11 healthy (22 to 40 years) female volunteers, all regular caffeine users (daily consumption 143 to 773 mg) consumed using a double-blind. randomized, controlled cross-over design either 2 tins of regular or caffeine-free Diet Coke. On both visits a Mars bar was eaten to prevent hypoglycaemia. Thus, the caffeine load was 76 or 10 mg respectively. Following ingestion of regular Diet Coke, there was a l0% fall in middle cerebral artery velocity (95% CI [6%-l4%], p < 0.005 versus caffeine free) and improvement in feelings of pleasure (p < 0.046) and energy (p < 0.037). Intellectual function (4-choice reaction time) was unaffected by caffeine status. On both visits, ingestion of Diet Coke induced a pressor response (maximum rise in systolic pressure +15+/- 2 mm Hg with caffeine and +l2 +/- 2 mm Hg with caffeine-free beverage, both p < 0.001 compared with baseline). In conclusion, in women acutely withdrawn from caffeine, ingestion of a popular soft beverage containing modest amounts of caffeine is associated with demonstrable physiologic and psychologic effects.
authors.affiliation: Bournemouth Diabetes and Endocrine Centre, Royal Bournemouth Hospital, Castle Lane East, BH7 7DW, Bournemouth, Dorset, UK.
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Watson
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Lunt
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Morris
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Weiss
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hussey
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kerr
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001628:Beverages; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D002110:Caffeine / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000097:blood; D002560:Cerebrovascular Circulation / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D013375:Substance Withdrawal Syndrome / Q000517:prevention & control*; D013662:Tea
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D013662:Tea; D002110:Caffeine