title: Monolithic osmotic tablet system for nifedipine delivery.
abstract: The monolithic osmotic tablet system, which is composed of a monolithic tablet coated with cellulose acetate (CA) membrane drilled with two orifices on both side surfaces, has been described. The influences of tablet formulation variables including molecular weight (MW) and amount of polyethylene oxide (PEO), amount of potassium chloride (KCl), and amount of rice starch as well as nifedipine loading have been investigated. The optimal tablet formulation and the osmotic-suspending co-controlled delivery mechanisms have been proposed. Orifice size and membrane variables including nature and amount of plasticizers as well as thickness on drug release have also been studied. The in vitro release profiles of the optimal system have been evaluated in various release media and different agitation rates, and compared with commercialized conventional capsule and push-pull osmotic tablet. It was found that PEO with MW of 300000 g/mol was suitable to be thickening agent, both amount of KCl and amount of PEO had comparable and profoundly positive effects, while nifedipine loading had a strikingly negative influence on drug release. It could be found that the optimal orifice size was in the range of 0.25-1.41 mm. It has also been observed that hydrophilic plasticizer polyethylene glycol (PEG) improved drug release, whereas hydrophobic plasticizer triacetin depressed drug release when they were incorporated in CA membrane. The monolithic osmotic tablet system was found to be able to deliver nifedipine at the rate of approximate zero-order up to 24 h, independent of both environmental media and agitation rate, and substantially comparable with the push-pull osmotic tablet. The monolithic osmotic tablet system was simple to be prepared as exempting from push layer and simplifying in the orifice drilling compared with the push-pull osmotic tablet. The monolithic osmotic tablet system may be used in drug controlled delivery field, especially suitable for water-insoluble drugs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Polymer Science and Technology, Chonbuk National University, 664-14 Dukjin Dong, Dukjin Ku, 561-756, Chonju, South Korea.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Khang
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Rhee
authors.forename: H B
authors.initials: HB
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000032:analysis; D002214:Capsules; D002482:Cellulose / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D005079:Excipients; D008970:Molecular Weight; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009543:Nifedipine / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000032:analysis; D009995:Osmosis; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; D011189:Potassium Chloride; D012995:Solubility; D013607:Tablets
chemical_list: D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers; D002214:Capsules; D005079:Excipients; D013607:Tablets; C005062:acetylcellulose; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; D011189:Potassium Chloride; D002482:Cellulose; D009543:Nifedipine