title: Cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors constrict the fetal lamb ductus arteriosus both in vitro and in vivo.
abstract: Nonselective cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitors are potent tocolytic agents; however, they also have adverse fetal effects such as constriction of the fetal ductus arteriosus. Recently, selective COX-2 inhibitors have been used in the management of preterm labor in the hope of avoiding fetal complications. However, both COX-1 and -2 are expressed by cells of the ductus arteriosus. We used fetal lambs (0.88 gestation) to assess the ability of selective COX-2 inhibitors celecoxib and NS398 to affect the ductus arteriosus. Both selective COX-2 inhibitors decreased PGE(2) and 6ketoPGF(1alpha) production in vitro; both inhibitors constricted the isolated ductus in vitro. The nonselective COX-1/COX-2 inhibitor indomethacin produced a further reduction in PG release and an additional increase in ductus tension in vitro. We used a prodrug of celecoxib to achieve 1.4 +/- 0.6 microg/ml, mean +/- standard deviation, of the active drug in vivo. This concentration of celecoxib produced both an increase in pressure gradient and resistance across the ductus; celecoxib also decreased fetal plasma concentrations of PGE(2) and 6ketoPGF(1alpha). Indomethacin (0.7 +/- 0.2 microg/ml) produced a significantly greater fall in ductus blood flow than celecoxib and tended to have a greater effect on ductus resistence in vivo. We conclude that caution should be used when recommending COX-2 inhibitors for use in pregnant women, because COX-2 appears to play a significant role in maintaining patency of the fetal ductus arteriosus.
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143-0544, USA.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Roman
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chemtob
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Tse
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Heymann
authors.forename: R I
authors.initials: RI
authors.lastname: Clyman
mesh_terms: D015121:6-Ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha / Q000097:blood; D000818:Animals; D000068579:Celecoxib; D051545:Cyclooxygenase 1; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D052246:Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology; D015232:Dinoprostone / Q000097:blood; D004373:Ductus Arteriosus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology*; D011464:Epoprostenol / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007213:Indomethacin / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D009578:Nitrobenzenes / Q000494:pharmacology; D009599:Nitroprusside / Q000494:pharmacology; D010100:Oxygen / Q000494:pharmacology; D011247:Pregnancy; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D011651:Pulmonary Artery / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D011720:Pyrazoles; D012756:Sheep; D013449:Sulfonamides / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology; D014661:Vasoconstriction / Q000187:drug effects*; D014665:Vasodilator Agents / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D052246:Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors; D007527:Isoenzymes; D009578:Nitrobenzenes; D011720:Pyrazoles; D013449:Sulfonamides; D014665:Vasodilator Agents; C080955:N-(2-cyclohexyloxy-4-nitrophenyl)methanesulfonamide; D009599:Nitroprusside; D015121:6-Ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha; D011464:Epoprostenol; D051545:Cyclooxygenase 1; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases; D000068579:Celecoxib; D015232:Dinoprostone; D010100:Oxygen; D007213:Indomethacin