title: Savings in the cost of caring for patients with Alzheimer's disease in Canada: an analysis of treatment with rivastigmine.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To estimate per-patient potential cost savings using rivastigmine in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD) in Canada.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  In recent years, new members of a class of pharmaceuticals known as cholinesterase inhibitors have been introduced for the treatment of patients with AD. Two recent studies conducted in the United Kingdom and the United States estimated potential cost savings from the new cholinesterase inhibitor rivastigmine. The present study combined the disease-progression model used in those 2 studies with Canadian costs to estimate per-patient potential savings resulting from the treatment of AD in Canada.
  
  
  METHODS
  Efficacy data from 2 pivotal, phase III clinical trials of rivastigmine were used in a hazard model of disease progression to estimate long-term differences in cognitive functioning between patients receiving rivastigmine and patients receiving no treatment. We used the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score as our measure of disease progression. We also used Canadian costs of AD care, estimated as a function of MMSE score, to estimate cost savings experienced by treated patients compared with patients receiving no treatment. All costs and cost savings are presented in 1997 Canadian dollars. We used a societal perspective in this analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Rivastigmine was estimated to delay the transition to more severe stages of AD by up to 188 days for patients with mild AD after 2 years of treatment. For patients with mild-to-moderate and moderate disease, this delay was estimated to be 106 and 44 days, respectively. For patients with the mild stage of AD, estimated average daily cost savings (excluding the cost of rivastigmine) ranged from Can $0.45 per patient per day at 6 months to Can $6.44 per patient per day after 2 years of treatment. For all patients, these estimated average daily cost savings ranged from a low of Can $0.71 per patient per day after 6 months of treatment to a high of Can $4.93 per patient per day after 2 years.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  On average, treatment with rivastigmine yields savings in the direct cost of caring for AD patients that exceed the cost of the drug after 2 years of treatment.
authors.affiliation: Research Triangle Institute, Center for Economics Research, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709-2194, USA. Hauber@RTI.org
authors.forename: A B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Hauber
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gnanasakthy
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Mauskopf
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000465:Algorithms; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000191:economics* / Q000523:psychology; D002170:Canada; D002219:Carbamates / Q000191:economics* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002800:Cholinesterase Inhibitors / Q000191:economics* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003071:Cognition / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D017046:Cost Savings; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018803:Models, Economic; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000191:economics* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D048448:Phenylcarbamates; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D019057:Quality-Adjusted Life Years; D000068836:Rivastigmine
chemical_list: D002219:Carbamates; D002800:Cholinesterase Inhibitors; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D048448:Phenylcarbamates; D000068836:Rivastigmine