title: Injection of hypertonic saline into musculus infraspinatus resulted in referred pain and sensory disturbances in the ipsilateral upper arm.
abstract: A confounding factor in the analysis of chronic pain patients is the finding of somatosensory disturbances not only in neuropathic pain patients, but also in a subgroup of patients with musculoskeletal pain. The purpose of the study was to examine if referred pain, induced by intramuscular injections of hypertonic saline (5% NaCl) into the left musculus infraspinatus, resulted in somatosensory alterations. Thermal sensitivity, pressure pain sensitivity, as well as low threshold mechanoreceptive function, were assessed in the referred pain area and the homologous contralateral site before, during and following the injections. In 10 out of 12 subjects the procedure induced only referred pain localized in the dorsolateral part of the ipsilateral proximal upper arm. In this referred pain area there was a significantly decreased sensitivity to light touch, as tested with von Frey filaments, during the pain period and the post-injection period compared to the contralateral side (p<0.004 and p<0.009, respectively). A trend for thermal hypoaesthesia, which was only demonstrable in the sum of warm and cold thresholds, was found in the referred pain area, but not contralaterally, during the pain period compared to the pre-injection period. Significantly increased sensitivity to threshold and suprathreshold heat pain was found bilaterally during post-injection assessments (p<0.02 and p<0.006, respectively). There were no statistically significant changes in sensitivity to innocuous thermal stimuli when assessing the two percepts separately, or to pressure pain or brush-evoked touch. In conclusion, intramuscular injections of hypertonic saline resulted in referred pain and tactile hypoaesthesia in the referred pain area.
authors.affiliation: Neurogenic Pain Unit, Karolinska Institutet/Hospital, Stockholm, S-171 76, Sweden.
authors.forename: A S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Leffler
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kosek
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hansson
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001132:Arm / Q000294:innervation*; D003080:Cold Temperature; D005260:Female; D006358:Hot Temperature; D006801:Humans; D006982:Hypertonic Solutions; D007273:Injections, Intramuscular; D008875:Middle Aged; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000294:innervation / Q000502:physiology*; D010146:Pain / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D010147:Pain Measurement; D017288:Pain Threshold; D010812:Physical Stimulation; D011312:Pressure; D012684:Sensory Thresholds
chemical_list: D006982:Hypertonic Solutions