title: The anticonvulsant remacemide and its metabolite AR-R12495AA attenuate spinal synaptic transmission and carrageenan-induced inflammation in the young rat.
abstract: The effects of the anticonvulsants remacemide [(+/-)-2-amino-N-(1-methyl-1,2-diphenylethyl)-acetamide hydrochloride] and its des -glycinated metabolite AR-R12495AA [(+/-)-1-methyl-1,2-diphenylethylamine- monohydrochloride] on primary afferent-induced synaptic transmission and frequency-dependent summation of synaptic potentials were assessed in the young rat spinal cord in vitro. Behavioural studies in the rat determined the effects of these anticonvulsant compounds in the carrageenan model of inflammation. Recordings of the extracellular dorsal root-evoked ventral root potential (DR-VRP) revealed a significant reduction of the duration and t(1)-(2)decay of the long latency, slow DR-VRP by remacemide (50 and 100 microM) and AR-R12495AA (25, 50 and 100 mM). The short-latency, fast monosynaptic DR-VRP peak was reduced by only the highest concentration of AR-R12495AA (100 microM). In intracellular dorsal root-evoked excitatory postsynaptic potentials (DR-EPSPs) of single ventral horn neurons, AR-R12495AA (100 microM) attenuated the time course of the long-latency (slow) EPSP. Frequency-dependent (0.5-2.0 Hz) summation of dorsal root-evoked synaptic events (recorded extracellularly as the cumulative ventral root depolarization (CVRD), and intracellularly as wind-up) was attenuated by remacemide (100 microM) and AR-R12495AA (50 and 100 microM). Pre-treatment with intra-peritoneal injection of 75 mg/kg of remacemide or AR-R12495AA caused a significant reduction of carrageenan-induced mechanical hyperalgesia and oedema. These electrophysiological and behavioural data provide evidence that remacemide and AR-R12495AA may also possess analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity.
authors.affiliation: School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9NQ, UK.
authors.forename: A U
authors.initials: AU
authors.lastname: Asghar
authors.forename: S S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Hasan
authors.forename: A E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: King
mesh_terms: D000081:Acetamides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D000870:Anterior Horn Cells / Q000187:drug effects; D000927:Anticonvulsants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002351:Carrageenan; D004594:Electrophysiology; D019706:Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials / Q000187:drug effects; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007249:Inflammation / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D008564:Membrane Potentials / Q000187:drug effects; D009475:Neurons, Afferent / Q000187:drug effects; D010627:Phenethylamines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013116:Spinal Cord / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects*; D009435:Synaptic Transmission / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D000081:Acetamides; D000927:Anticonvulsants; D010627:Phenethylamines; C089135:FPL 12495; D002351:Carrageenan; C067553:remacemide