title: Risk factors for enterolithiasis among horses in Texas.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To identify risk factors for enterolithiasis in horses.
  
  
  METHODS
  Matched case-control study.
  
  
  METHODS
  26 horses with enteroliths, 104 horses with other causes of colic that underwent surgery (52 horses, surgical control group) or were treated medically (52 horses, nonsurgical control group).
  
  
  METHODS
  Medical records were reviewed for horses with enteroliths and control horses. Information collected included signalment, anamnesis, and findings on physical examination and clinicopathologic testing at admission. Horses with enteroliths and control horses were compared by means of conditional logistic regression to identify factors associated with enterolithiasis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Horses that were fed alfalfa hay, spent < or = 50% of time outdoors, or were Arabian or miniature breeds had an increased risk of developing enteroliths. Horses with enteroliths were more likely to have been hyperbilirubinemic and to have had clinical signs > 12 hours prior to admission.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Breed and diet appear to influence the risk of enterolithiasis; other management factors also may influence development of enteroliths. Duration of clinical signs may be longer and signs may be less severe among horses with enteroliths, compared with horses with other causes of colic.
authors.affiliation: Department of Large Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station 77843-4475, USA.
authors.forename: N D
authors.initials: ND
authors.lastname: Cohen
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Vontur
authors.forename: P C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Rakestraw
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003085:Colic / Q000209:etiology / Q000662:veterinary; D006734:Horse Diseases / Q000209:etiology*; D006736:Horses; D006932:Hyperbilirubinemia / Q000150:complications / Q000662:veterinary; D007410:Intestinal Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000662:veterinary*; D020347:Lithiasis / Q000209:etiology / Q000662:veterinary*; D000455:Medicago sativa; D012307:Risk Factors; D013781:Texas