title: Expression of 11beta-hydroxylase and aldosterone synthase genes in the rat brain.
abstract: The terminal stages of cortisol and aldosterone production in the human adrenal gland are catalysed by the enzymes 11beta-hydroxylase and aldosterone synthase, which are encoded by the CYP11B1 and CYP11B2 genes respectively. Recent studies have suggested that aldosterone and cortisol are also made in other tissues such as the brain, heart and vascular system and may play a role in cardiovascular homeostasis. The aim of this study was to confirm the presence of these enzymes and localise them precisely in the rat brain. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR)/Southern blotting confirmed transcription of CYP11B1 and CYP11B2 in whole brain and hypothalamus minces from Wistar-Kyoto rats. 11beta-Hydroxylase and aldosterone synthase were immunolocalised in paraffin-embedded rat adrenal and brain sections using mouse monoclonal antibodies. Negative controls utilised a mouse monoclonal antibody raised against a non-mammalian epitope. In the brain, 11beta-hydroxylase and aldosterone synthase were detected in the cerebellum, especially the Purkinje cells, as well as the hippocampus. The specificities of the 11beta-hydroxylase and aldosterone synthase antibodies were confirmed by positive immunostaining of the relevant regions of the adrenal cortex. This is the first direct evidence that steroid hydroxylases involved in the final stages of corticosteroid biosynthesis are present in specific regions of the central nervous system.
authors.affiliation: MRC Blood Pressure Group, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Western Infirmary, Glasgow G11 6NT, UK. 9244731m@clinmed.gla.ac.uk
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: MacKenzie
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Clark
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Fraser
authors.forename: C E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Gómez-Sánchez
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Connell
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Davies
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D001921:Brain / Q000201:enzymology*; D019405:Cytochrome P-450 CYP11B2 / Q000235:genetics*; D017931:DNA Primers; D005260:Female; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D051379:Mice; D051381:Rats; D011921:Rats, Inbred WKY; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013252:Steroid 11-beta-Hydroxylase / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D017931:DNA Primers; D019405:Cytochrome P-450 CYP11B2; D013252:Steroid 11-beta-Hydroxylase