title: Craniofacial comparisons in 22-month-old lip-operated children with unilateral complete cleft lip and palate and unilateral incomplete cleft lip.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of the study was to analyze the craniofacial morphology in infants with unilateral complete cleft lip and palate (UCCLP) in which the lip and the anterior part of the palate had been surgically closed at 2 months of age and to compare the morphology with that of a control group with unilateral incomplete cleft lip (UICL) in which the lip had also been surgically closed at 2 months of age.
  
  
  METHODS
  The sample consisted of a total of 108 cleft children all fulfilling the entry criteria, besides diagnosis, as follows: The child was of Danish origin; the age of the child was between 650 and 750 days (approximately 22 months) at the time of examination; the child was healthy except for its single cleft malformation; the surgical procedure in each group had been performed at about 2 months of age by the same surgeon. The surgical methods used were a Tennison procedure (UICL group) and a Tennison procedure supplemented by palatovomer plasty (UCCLP group).
  
  
  METHODS
  The method of investigation was infant cephalometry in the lateral, frontal, and axial projections. Linear, angular, and area variables describing the craniofacial morphology were calculated and supplemented by mean plots from the cephalometric projections in the two groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Statistical analysis based on Student's t test showed that the facial morphology in the 22-month-old UCCLP group differed significantly from that of the UICL group. The most pronounced differences were found in the maxillary complex and the mandible. The deviations observed in the UCCLP group at 22 months of age were similar to those previously observed at 2 months of age. However, several of the dysmorphic traits had become less pronounced; some had remained the same; and a few had become worse with time.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Copenhagen, Denmark. nh@odont.ku.dk
authors.forename: N V
authors.initials: NV
authors.lastname: Hermann
authors.forename: B L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Jensen
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Dahl
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bolund
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kreiborg
mesh_terms: D000886:Anthropometry; D002508:Cephalometry / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002971:Cleft Lip / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D002972:Cleft Palate / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D005145:Face / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D011859:Radiography; D012886:Skull / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*