Preterm premature rupture of the membranes is associated with asymmetric intrauterine growth retardation and smaller placentas.
Objective: To show that infants delivered prematurely because of preterm premature rupture of the membranes (PPROM) show a tendency for asymmetric intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR). At the same time, to demonstrate that these pregnancies exhibit nutritional deprivation by the presence of correspondingly smaller placentas, as demonstrated by the placental-fetal ratio.Study Design: A prospective study was performed over 2 years comparing the tendency for IUGR in infants born of pregnancies with PPROM (N = 86), as compared to normal term controls (N = 351). The tendency for growth restriction in the neonate was determined using the ponderal index at birth. Exclusion criteria included pregnancies complicated by diabetes, hypertension, preeclampsia, multiple gestations, genetic, and other recognized causes of IUGR. Four controls were selected for each study patient who delivered the same day. The mean ponderal index (PI(m)) was compared, as were the mean placental-fetal weight ratios (PWt/PI)(m), for both groups. A comparison of the PI(m) and (PWt/PI)(m) for infants delivered prematurely with and without rupture of membranes was also noted. Analysis was by the paired Student's t test and chi(2) test.Results: The newborn PI was found to be independent of maternal age, gravidy, and parity. The number of male and female infants were not significantly different in the control and study groups. The PI(m) for the PPROM group (PI(m) = 2.33, SD = 0.29) was significantly smaller than that for the controls (PI(m) = 2.52, SD = 0.23) (P <.0005). Similarly the (PWt/PI)(m) for the PPROM group (mean = 194.8, SD = 49.9) was significantly smaller than that for the control group (mean = 273.4, SD = 54.2) (P <.0005). Mean values of PI and PWt/PI for preterm deliveries with, as compared to without rupture of membranes, showed no significant differences.Conclusions: Using the ponderal index to detect IUGR, a significant association of IUGR is noted in infants delivered subsequent to PPROM. This growth impairment is accompanied by significantly smaller placentas.
Kurzel
RB
Olive-View-UCLA Medical Center, California, Sylmar, USA
Lampley
EC