title: Acute myocardial infarction occurring in versus out of the hospital: patient characteristics and clinical outcome. Maximal Individual TheRapy in Acute Myocardial Infarction (MITRA) Study Group.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We describe the baseline characteristics and clinical course of patients who had an acute myocardial infarction (AMI) during their hospital stay.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  In comparison with patients who had an AMI outside of the hospital (prehospital AMI), the data on patients who had an AMI in the hospital are poorly described.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients with an in-hospital AMI were prospectively registered in the Southwest German Maximal Individual TheRapy in Acute myocardial infarction (MITRA) study and compared with patients with prehospital AMI.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 5,888 patients with AMI, 403 patients (6.8%) had an in-hospital AMI. These patients were older, more often male and sicker as compared with the patients with a prehospital AMI. They also showed a higher prevalence of concomitant diseases, such as arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus, renal insufficiency and contraindications for thrombolysis. There was no significant difference regarding the use of reperfusion therapy, either thrombolysis (in-hospital AMI 44.2% vs. prehospital AMI 49.1%; odds ratio [OR] 0.86, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.70 to 1.05) or primary angioplasty (9.9% vs. 8.2%; OR 1.23, 95% CI 0.88 to 1.73), or a combination of both, between the two groups. The interval from symptom onset to the start of treatment in patients receiving reperfusion therapy was 55 min for patients with an in-hospital AMI versus 180 min for patients with a prehospital AMI (p = 0.001). In-hospital death occurred in 110 (27.3%) of 403 patients with an in-hospital versus 762 (13.9%) of 5,485 patients with a prehospital AMI (OR 2.33, 95% CI 1.85 to 2.94). This was confirmed by logistic regression analysis after adjusting for other confounding variables (OR 1.67, 95% CI 1.23 to 2.24).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In-hospital AMI occurred in 6.8% of patients. Time to intervention was shorter; however, the use of reperfusion therapy for in-hospital AMI was not different from that for prehospital AMI. In particular, primary angioplasty seems to be underused in these patients. This, as well as the selection of patients, may result in the high hospital mortality rate of 27.3%.
authors.affiliation: Herzzentrum Ludwigshafen, Department of Cardiology, Germany. erzahn@aol.com
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zahn
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Schiele
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Seidl
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kapp
authors.forename: H G
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Glunz
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Jagodzinski
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Voigtländer
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gottwik
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Berg
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Senges
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D006760:Hospitalization; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000628:therapy; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome