title: Proton beam irradiation of subfoveal choroidal neovascularisation in age-related macular degeneration.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the safety and potential toxicity of proton beam radiation in the treatment of subfoveal choroidal neovascular membrane (CNVM) due to age-related manner degeneration (ARMD) in a prospective, non-randomised study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-eight eyes of 46 consecutive patients with subfoveal CNVM due to ARMD, not amenable to laser photocoagulation, were treated prospectively with a single proton beam exposure. Two dose regimens were evaluated: 8 CGE (Cobalt Gray Equivalent) and 14 CGE. Patients were followed for an average of 22.1 months after proton beam treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At the 12 month follow-up, 44% of eyes in the 8 CGE group and 75% of the eyes in the 14 CGE group had stabilized or improved visual acuity. Complex size in the 8 CGE group as measured on standard fluorescein angiography (FA), decreased or had no change initially but showed less effect over time, while the eyes treated with 14 CGE maintained decreased leakage over the follow-up period of 12 months. However, 11 eyes in the 14 CGE group experienced radiation retinopathy, with the onset between 3 and 30 months. Seven of these 11 eyes have demonstrated some visual loss but only 1 eye developed severe visual loss at 15 months after proton treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  To date, 14 CGE has suggested a favourable influence on visual function and growth inhibition of CNVM. Proton beam irradiation appears to inhibit CNVM growth. The 14 CGE dose regimen appears to have a longer effect of CNVM growth than does 8 CGE, with overall stabilisation of visual function and growth inhibition. Radiation retinopathy has developed over time, but severe visual loss has been limited. On the basis of the incidence of radiation retinopathy, adjustments in the total radiation dosage and/or fractionation of the dosage should be considered.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Loma Linda University Medical Center, California, USA. flaxelcj@aol.com
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Flaxel
authors.forename: E J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Friedrichsen
authors.forename: J O
authors.initials: JO
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: S C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Oeinck
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Blacharski
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Garcia
authors.forename: H H
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Chu
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D020256:Choroidal Neovascularization / Q000209:etiology / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D004307:Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008268:Macular Degeneration / Q000150:complications*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D061766:Proton Therapy; D014792:Visual Acuity; D011522:Protons
chemical_list: D011522:Protons