title: Influence of human immunodeficiency virus-infected maternal environment on development of infant interleukin-12 production.
abstract: Monocyte-derived cytokine production by cord blood mononuclear cells (CBMC) from infants born to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive and -negative women was measured to determine whether monocyte dysfunction could contribute to the accelerated HIV disease of pediatric patients. Production of interleukin (IL)-12, but not that of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and IL-10, was reduced, compared with adult peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). This deficiency was more pronounced in infants of HIV-positive women, whose IL-12 production was also deficient. CBMC IL-12 levels were increased by interferon-gamma and CD40 ligand but remained deficient, compared with PBMC. IL-12 production was undetectable in 7 of 8 HIV-positive infants, in contrast to 21 of 26 uninfected infants. Uninfected infants of infected women exhibited an intermediate profile. These findings suggest that the maternal environment and/or exposure in utero to HIV products influence the newborn's immune response and that the differences between infants born to HIV-positive and -negative women may persist.
authors.affiliation: Experimental Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chougnet
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kovacs
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Baker
authors.forename: B U
authors.initials: BU
authors.lastname: Mueller
authors.forename: N L
authors.initials: NL
authors.lastname: Luban
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Liewehr
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Steinberg
authors.forename: E K
authors.initials: EK
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.forename: G M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Shearer
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002675:Child, Preschool; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D005312:Fetal Blood / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000635:transmission; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D018445:Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000097:blood; D018664:Interleukin-12 / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000097:blood*; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011251:Pregnancy Complications, Infectious / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000821:virology*; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; D012044:Regression Analysis; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000096:biosynthesis; D015215:Zidovudine / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents; D016207:Cytokines; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D016753:Interleukin-10; D018664:Interleukin-12; D015215:Zidovudine