title: Immunohistochemical staining properties of PCNA, Ki-67, p53, beta-hCG and HPL in trophoblastic disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In this study proliferating markers PCNA (proliferating cell nuclear antigen) Ki-67 and mutation of supressor gene p53 were investigated in gestational trophoblastic disease (GTL). These markers were tested by using immunostaining with beta subunits of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) and human placental lactogen (HPL).
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty curetting samples, 20 spontaneous abortions, 16 hydatidiform moles and two choriocarcinomas were studied and compared. Hydatidiform moles were subdivided into 10 complete and six partial moles by using flow cytometry analysis. All slides were stained with PCNA, Ki-67, p53, hCG, and HPL immunohistochemically. PCNA and Ki-67 stained slides were studied quantitatively to determine the PCNA and Ki-67 index. Other slides that were stained with p53, hCG, HPL were evaluated according to staining percentage and intensity. Staining properties of all groups were compared with each other. Variance analysis and the Mann Whitney U test were used for statistical analysis. Choriocarcinomas were not included in the statistical analysis. Ki-67 and the PCNA index in two choriocarcinoma cases found 81.4% and 41%, and 44% and 64%, respectively. One case was stained in 70% with (++) intensity by p53. While both were stained in 80% with (++) intensity by hCG, one was stained in 30% field (+) intensity by HPL.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The four groups of complete and incomplete diagnosed hydatiform moles, spontaneous abortions and retention curettage were matched in pairs and evaluated according to the PCNA index. This index showed significant differences among the groups. The differences among the Ki-67 index, p53, hCG and HPL staining properties were not statistically significant.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings showed that PCNA is a significant and useful marker for trophoblastic diseases and can be used as a prognostic factor.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Akdeniz University School of Medicine, Antalya, Turkey.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ozbilim
authors.forename: S P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Karaburun
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zorlu
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kaya
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Erdoğan
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Karaveli
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis*; D006063:Chorionic Gonadotropin / Q000032:analysis*; D005260:Female; D016158:Genes, p53 / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen / Q000032:analysis; D010928:Placental Lactogen / Q000032:analysis*; D011247:Pregnancy; D018809:Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen / Q000032:analysis; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D014328:Trophoblastic Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology*; D014594:Uterine Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology*
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D006063:Chorionic Gonadotropin; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen; D018809:Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen; D010928:Placental Lactogen