title: Orchiopexy using 2 mm. laparoscopic instruments: 2 techniques for delivering the testis into the scrotum.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We describe modified techniques of laparoscopic orchiopexy using 2 mm. instruments that enable straightforward delivery of the testis into the scrotum.
  
  
  METHODS
  The preferred technique involves a radially dilating trocar advanced over the 2 mm. grasper placed antegrade through the new internal ring. The other method is similar but Amplatz dilators are used when a radially dilating trocar system is not available.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We used these techniques with complete success to deliver 18 testes into the scrotum.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The testis may be safely and effectively delivered to the scrotum using 2 mm. instruments and disposable fascial dilators or a radially dilating trocar system.
authors.affiliation: James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
authors.forename: F A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Ferrer
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Cadeddu
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Schulam
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mathews
authors.forename: S G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Docimo
mesh_terms: D002675:Child, Preschool; D003456:Cryptorchidism / Q000601:surgery*; D004867:Equipment Design; D006801:Humans; D020706:Laparoscopes; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D012611:Scrotum