title: Olanzapine increases allopregnanolone in the rat cerebral cortex.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The neurosteroid allopregnanolone (3alpha-hydroxy-5alpha-pregnan-20-one) has anxiolytic and anticonvulsant properties, potentiating GABA(A) receptor chloride channel function with 20-fold higher potency than benzodiazepines. Behavioral studies demonstrate that olanzapine has anxiolyticlike properties in animals, but the mechanism responsible for these effects is not clear. We examined the effect of acute olanzapine administration on cerebral cortical allopregnanolone and its relationship to serum progesterone and corticosterone levels in rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Male Sprague-Dawley rats were habituated to intraperitoneal (IP) saline injection for 5 days. On the day of the experiment, rats were injected with olanzapine (0, 2.5, 5.0, or 10.0 mg/kg IP, 10-11 rats per condition). Rats were sacrificed 1 hour later, and cerebral cortical allopregnanolone levels and serum progesterone and corticosterone levels were measured by radioimmunoassay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Olanzapine increases cerebral cortical allopregnanolone up to fourfold, depending on dose. Positive correlations were observed between cerebral cortical allopregnanolone and serum progesterone levels and between cerebral cortical allopregnanolone and serum corticosterone levels.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Olanzapine-induced increases in the potent GABA(A) receptor modulator allopregnanolone may alter GABAergic neurotransmission, possibly contributing to antipsychotic efficacy. If allopregnanolone alterations are linked to psychotic symptom relief, neurosteroids may represent molecules for pharmacologic intervention.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 27599-7160, USA.
authors.forename: C E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Marx
authors.forename: G E
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Duncan
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Gilmore
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Lieberman
authors.forename: A L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Morrow
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001569:Benzodiazepines; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D003345:Corticosterone / Q000097:blood; D018757:GABA Modulators / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D000077152:Olanzapine; D010890:Pirenzepine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D011280:Pregnanolone / Q000378:metabolism*; D011374:Progesterone / Q000097:blood; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D017367:Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D001569:Benzodiazepines; D003345:Corticosterone; D018757:GABA Modulators; D000077152:Olanzapine; D010890:Pirenzepine; D011280:Pregnanolone; D011374:Progesterone; D017367:Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors