title: Does ketamine have preemptive effects in women undergoing abdominal hysterectomy procedures?
abstract: Ketamine may produce "preemptive" analgesia when administered before surgically induced trauma. Therefore, we hypothesized that pre- versus postincisional administration of ketamine would improve pain control after abdominal hysterectomy procedures. Eighty-nine patients were randomly assigned to one of three treatment groups according to a placebo-controlled, double-blinded protocol: Group 1 (placebo) received saline 0.04 mL/kg IV immediately before and after surgery; Group 2 (preincision), received ketamine 0.4 mg/kg IV before skin incision and saline at the end of the operation; and Group 3 (postincision), received saline before skin incision, and ketamine 0.4 mg/kg IV was given after skin closure. The general anesthetic technique was standardized in all three treatment groups. During the first postoperative hour, Group 3 experienced significantly less pain than Groups 1 and 2, as assessed by using both visual analog and verbal rating scales. There were no significant differences between Groups 1 and 2 with respect to pain scores, postoperative opioid analgesic requirements, and incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting. We conclude that a single dose of ketamine 0.4 mg/kg IV fails to produce preemptive analgesic effects.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Even though ketamine 0.4 mg/kg IV has short-lasting acute analgesic effects, it failed to produce a preemptive effect when given before abdominal hysterectomy procedures.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesia, Baerum Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Dahl
authors.forename: P E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Ernoe
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Steen
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Raeder
authors.forename: P F
authors.initials: PF
authors.lastname: White
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000778:Anesthetics, Dissociative; D016063:Blood Loss, Surgical; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007044:Hysterectomy; D007649:Ketamine; D008875:Middle Aged; D010147:Pain Measurement; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000778:Anesthetics, Dissociative; D007649:Ketamine