Diagnosis of pemphigus by ELISA: a critical evaluation of two ELISAs for the detection of antibodies to the major pemphigus antigens, desmoglein 1 and 3.
Pemphigus vulgaris (PV) and pemphigus foliaceus (PF) are characterized by autoantibodies to the desmosomal glycoproteins desmoglein 3 (Dsg 3) and Dsg 1 (Dsg 1), respectively. In this study, two enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) which detect IgG autoantibodies to Dsg 1 and Dsg 3 have been evaluated. A total of 317 normal and disease controls, 82 patients with PV and 25 with PF were studied. The Dsg 3 ELISA was positive in all 34 patients with untreated PV and the Dsg 1 ELISA was positive in all 10 with untreated PF. When patients undergoing treatment were included, the sensitivities fell to 95% and 92%, respectively, but still compared favourably to the sensitivity of indirect immunofluorescence which was 79% in PV and 84% in PF. All PF sera were negative in the Dsg 3 ELISA and the specificity of both assays was 98% or greater. Large numbers of samples could be analysed simultaneously over a relatively short time period. The Dsg 1 and Dsg 3 ELISAs also provided objective, quantitative, reproducible data which allowed differentiation of PV from PF and in view of these advantages, they are likely to become a routine technique in diagnostic laboratories.
Harman
K E
KE
St. John's Institute of Dermatology, King's Collrggr Hospita, London, UK. karen.harman@kcl.ac.uk
Gratian
M J
MJ
Seed
P T
PT
Bhogal
B S
BS
Challacombe
S J
SJ
Black
M M
MM
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000906:Antibodies / Q000032:analysis; D000941:Antigens / Q000276:immunology; D002648:Child; D003598:Cytoskeletal Proteins / Q000276:immunology*; D051183:Desmoglein 1; D051184:Desmoglein 3; D051182:Desmogleins; D051180:Desmoplakins; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007070:Immunoglobulin A / Q000032:analysis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010392:Pemphigus / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000276:immunology; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
D000906:Antibodies; D000941:Antigens; D003598:Cytoskeletal Proteins; C495297:DSG1 protein, human; D051183:Desmoglein 1; D051184:Desmoglein 3; D051182:Desmogleins; D051180:Desmoplakins; D007070:Immunoglobulin A