title: Caliceal diverticular calculi: is there a role for metabolic evaluation?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We report our experience with the treatment and incidence of metabolic abnormalities in patients presenting with caliceal diverticular stones.
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrospectively evaluated 49 patients with caliceal diverticular stones (group 1) and 44 with simple renal stones (group 2). Each group successfully underwent percutaneous treatment. Mean stone size was 1.7 and 2.5 cm. in groups 1 and 2, respectively. Metabolic evaluation was available in 25 group 1 and 22 group 2 patients. Mean followup was 73.2 and 70. 8 months, respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We achieved a stone-free rate of 95. 9% in group 1 and 100% in group 2. There was no metabolic abnormality in 75% of the group 1 patients, while 12% had type II absorptive hypercalciuria, 8% hyperuricosuric hypercalciuria and 4% hyperoxaluria. There were no metabolic abnormalities in 22.7% of the group 2 patients, while 9%, 18% and 9% had types I to III absorptive hypercalciuria, respectively, 13.6% hyperuricosuric hypercalciuria, 13.6% hyperoxaluria, 4.5% hypocitruria and 9% type II absorptive hypercalciuria associated with hypocitruria.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results reveal a low incidence of associated metabolic abnormalities in patients with caliceal diverticular stones. Thus, we believe that metabolic abnormalities do not promote caliceal diverticular calculous formation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Long Island Jewish Medical Center, New Hyde Park, New York, USA.
authors.forename: E N
authors.initials: EN
authors.lastname: Liatsikos
authors.forename: N O
authors.initials: NO
authors.lastname: Bernardo
authors.forename: C Z
authors.initials: CZ
authors.lastname: Dinlenc
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kapoor
authors.forename: A D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Smith
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002648:Child; D004240:Diverticulum / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007669:Kidney Calculi / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism / Q000628:therapy*; D007670:Kidney Calices; D008297:Male; D008659:Metabolic Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies