title: TNF-alpha and serum induce SKALP/elafin gene expression in human keratinocytes by a p38 MAP kinase-dependent pathway.
abstract: Keratinocytes of inflamed epidermis (psoriasis, wound healing) are hyperproliferative and display an abnormal differentiation programme. This regenerative differentiation pathway is characterized by the induction of genes that are not expressed by keratinocytes in normal skin, such as the cytokeratins CK6, CK16, CK17, and the proteinase inhibitor SKALP/elafin. In the study reported here we investigated the induction and regulation of SKALP expression as a marker for regenerative differentiation in epidermal keratinocytes. Various cytokines and growth factors known to be present in psoriatic epidermis were examined for their ability to induce SKALP gene expression in cultured human keratinocytes. Tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and serum were found to be potent inducers of SKALP expression at both the mRNA and the protein levels. SB202190 or SB203580, two specific p38 MAP kinase inhibitors almost completely blocked the induction of SKALP expression by TNF-alpha and serum. These results suggest that in keratinocytes, p38 activity is crucial for the induction of SKALP gene expression. These findings could be relevant for the elucidation of the mechanisms involved in normal and disturbed epidermal differentiation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pfundt
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wingens
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bergers
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zweers
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Frenken
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Schalkwijk
mesh_terms: D015152:Blotting, Northern; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005312:Fetal Blood; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006801:Humans; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D015603:Keratinocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D053491:Proteinase Inhibitory Proteins, Secretory; D011506:Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D011725:Pyridines / Q000494:pharmacology; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000494:pharmacology*; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases
chemical_list: D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D007093:Imidazoles; D053491:Proteinase Inhibitory Proteins, Secretory; D011506:Proteins; D011725:Pyridines; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; C093642:SB 203580; C090942:4-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-(4-pyridyl)imidazole