title: Medicinal flowers. II. Inhibitors of nitric oxide production and absolute stereostructures of five new germacrane-type sesquiterpenes, kikkanols D, D monoacetate, E, F, and F monoacetate from the flowers of Chrysanthemum indicum L.
abstract: The methanolic extract and ethyl acetate-soluble portion from the flowers of Chrysanthemum indicum L., Chrysanthemi Indici Flos, were found to show inhibitory activity against nitric oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccharide-activated macrophages. Five new germacrane-type sesquiterpenes, kikkanols D, D monoacetate, E, F, and F monoacetate, were isolated from the ethyl acetate-soluble portion. Their absolute stereostructures were elucidated on the basis of chemical and physicochemical evidence, which included application of the modified Mosher's method. The effects of fifteen principal components from the ethyl acetate-soluble portion of this medicinal flower against NO production were examined and, among them, acetylenic compounds and flavonoids were found to show potent inhibitory activity.
authors.affiliation: Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Japan. shoyaku@mb.kyoto-phu.ac.jp
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yoshikawa
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Morikawa
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Toguchida
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Harima
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Matsuda
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D011723:Chrysanthemum cinerariifolium / Q000737:chemistry*; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000494:pharmacology; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D017737:Macrophages, Peritoneal / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008968:Molecular Conformation; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D010946:Plants, Medicinal / Q000737:chemistry*; D012717:Sesquiterpenes / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000494:pharmacology; D013055:Spectrophotometry, Infrared
chemical_list: D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D012717:Sesquiterpenes; C413249:kikkanol D; C413247:kikkanol E; C413248:kikkanol F; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase