title: Genital human papillomavirus infection and associated penile intraepithelial neoplasia in males infected with the human immunodeficiency virus.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the association between human papillomavirus (HPV) infections and penile intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) in genital lesions from human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)+ men. For comparison, we also investigated the same association using specimens from HIV- men.
  
  
  METHODS
  Imprint smears from penile lesions were obtained from 70 men (mean age, 30 years) who visited a dermatologist. Thirty of them were known to be HIV seropositive. Two study groups were formed: one of 40 HIV- and another of 30 HIV+ males. The smears were examined cytologically for HPV identification or PIN, immunocytochemically for HPV detection and by in situ hybridization for HPV typing.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The rates of detecting HPV infection cytologically were higher among men with HIV infection (50%) than among their HIV-seronegative counterparts (30%). There was immunocytochemical evidence of HPV in HIV-infected men in a greater proportion (50%) than in HIV noninfected men (37.5%). By in situ hybridization it was found that there was a higher prevalence of potentially oncogenic HPV (16/18, 31/33/35): 75% in moderate or severe dysplasia (PIN 2 and 3) and 66.6% in HIV+ men as compared with HIV- men (10-16.6%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  HIV-seropositive males showed an unbalanced distribution of HPV, with a predominance of "high-risk" HPV types. This suggests that immunodepression encourages infection by this oncogenic virus, thereby contributing to the frequency of precancerous lesions in HIV+ men.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cytology, Thriassio General Hospital, Elefsina, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gomousa-Michael
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Gialama
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Gomousas
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gialama
mesh_terms: D017088:AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology; D000328:Adult; D002278:Carcinoma in Situ / Q000145:classification / Q000150:complications* / Q000821:virology; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D027383:Papillomaviridae / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D030361:Papillomavirus Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology; D010412:Penile Neoplasms / Q000145:classification / Q000150:complications* / Q000821:virology; D010413:Penis / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology; D014412:Tumor Virus Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology
chemical_list: D004279:DNA, Viral