title: Long-term experience after ex situ liver surgery.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Ex situ liver surgery allows liver resection and vascular reconstruction in patients who have liver tumors located at critical sites. Only a small series of studies about ex situ liver surgery is available in the literature. No long-term results have been published.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-four patients were considered for ex situ liver surgery because conventional liver surgery was considered impossible or too hazardous. The patient's ages were 51.3 +/- 7.5 years. Indications were various primary and secondary liver malignancies and benign liver tumors in 2 patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In 22 of 24 patients, the ex situ liver resection and subsequent autotransplantation were performed. The anhepatic periods in these patients lasted for 5.6 +/- 1.1 hours. In the remaining 2 patients, autotransplantation was not possible and allogenic liver transplantation was performed 17 and 19 hours after hepatectomy. In 4 patients, liver failure occurred after autotransplantation and required transplantation. The confluens between hepatic veins and the inferior vena cava was reconstructed in 5 patients. Fifteen patients survived the postoperative period and were discharged after 36.5 +/- 16 days. The median survival time of 6 patients who had metastases of colonic carcinoma was 21 months. The 2 patients with benign liver disease are alive 9 and 5 years after ex situ surgery.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Extended liver resections with difficult reconstructions of the hepatic venous confluens are feasible by ex situ liver surgery and subsequent autotransplantation. However, the early postoperative mortality rate is high, especially in patients with cholestatic livers. Early tumor recurrence remained the problem in these patients with extended local tumor spread. Ex situ liver surgery should only be performed in selected patients.
authors.affiliation: Klinik für Abdominal- und Transplantationschirurgie, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Germany.
authors.forename: K J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Oldhafer
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lang
authors.forename: H J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Schlitt
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hauss
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Raab
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Klempnauer
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pichlmayr
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008099:Liver / Q000601:surgery*; D017093:Liver Failure / Q000209:etiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D013997:Time Factors