title: Experimental diabetes-induced regression of the rat prostate is associated with an increased expression of transforming growth factor-beta.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta), a potent inhibitor of cell growth, plays an important role in the androgen-dependent processes of the prostate through a complex network of growth factors. TGF-beta expression in the prostate is under negative regulatory control of androgen. As experimental diabetes causes a regression of the prostate and decrease in serum testosterone levels in rats, we examined TGF-beta alterations at the mRNA and protein levels in the diabetic rat prostate.
  
  
  METHODS
  The expression of TGF-beta1 and TGF-beta2 and their respective mRNAs in prostates from streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic, insulin-treated diabetic and age-matched control rats were investigated, using relative multiplex RT-PCR, semi-quantitative Western blotting, and immunohistochemistry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Induction of diabetes caused a significant reduction in prostatic weight and in serum testosterone levels in rats. Both mRNA and protein levels of TGF-beta1, and mRNA level of TGF-beta2 were up-regulated in the diabetic rat prostate. Insulin-treatment normalized changes observed in prostatic weight and serum testosterone levels, and reversed the alterations in the TGF-beta1 and TGF-beta2 expression at the gene transcript and protein levels to control levels. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that TGF-beta1 is localized to prostatic stromal cells, whereas TGF-beta2 is located in both epithelial and stromal cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that TGF-beta1 and TGF-beta2 may be involved in the diabetes-induced regression of the prostate gland.
authors.affiliation: Section of Urology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ikeda
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wada
authors.forename: H E
authors.initials: HE
authors.lastname: Foster
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Weiss
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Latifpour
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D011467:Prostate / Q000737:chemistry / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D012333:RNA, Messenger; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta