title: [Analysis of the contractions evoked by sympathetic nerve stimulation, and thermal effect on the guinea-pig vas deferens--study as a model for the thermotherapy of benign prostatic hyperplasia].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The present study was designed to investigate the mechanism of thermotherapy on benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), using the guinea-pig vas deferens as a model for BPH. The components of contractions elicited by electrical field stimulation and nicotine were analyzed, and the thermal effect on the vas deferens was examined.
  
  
  METHODS
  The vas deferens was dissected, suspended vertically through two silver ring electrodes, and attached to an isometric transducer. The electrical stimulation of 10 constant current pulses (10 mA) with 0.3 msec in duration of 5, 10, and 40 Hz was achieved under air-gap condition. Drugs were added directly to a 5 ml Magnus tube containing Tyrode solution (36 degrees C) gassed with a 95% O2-5% CO2 mixture. The components of contractions evoked by electrical stimulation and nicotine were investigated by tetrodotoxin (TTX), and blocking agents of alpha 1-adrenoceptors and/or purinoceptors. Thermal effect on electrically evoked contractions was examined at incubation temperature of 25 degrees C (control), 43 degrees C, 45 degrees C, 46 degrees C and 47 degrees C for 1 hour.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Nicotine (200 microM) elicited biphasic contractions, which were triggered by corelease of noradrenaline (NA) and ATP (N-ATP) from sympathetic nerve terminals by activation of prejunctional nicotine receptors. NA and N-ATP caused the corresponding contractions, alpha 1 and N-ATP components, respectively. Combined application of prazosin (1 microM) and suramin (50 microM) abolished these contractions. Activation of post-junctional alpha 1-adrenoceptors by NA caused release of ATP from muscle cells to produce the contraction (alpha 1-ATP component), which was sensitive to both suramin and prazosin. N-ATP and alpha 1 components attributed to fast and slow part of the contraction, respectively. Electrical field stimulation caused biphasic contractions which consisted of both neurogenic (TTX-sensitive) and non-neurogenic (TTX-insensitive) components. An increase in stimulation frequency (5 to 40 Hz) increased the neurogenic components, which contained alpha 1 and N-ATP components, as well as the case of nicotine. The non-neurogenic components consisted of alpha 1-ATP, muscle-derived ATP (m-ATP) and unknown substance 'X' components. Nifedipine (10 microM). L-type Ca2+ channel blocker, markedly reduced the contractions induced by bath applied phenylephrine (alpha 1-agonist, 100 microM) but only partially blocked the contractions produced by bath applied ATP (500 microM). The contractile force in amplitude and neurogenic components induced by electrical field stimulation did not change at 43 degrees C, but both declined significantly above 45 degrees C. The neurogenic components at 45 degrees C and 46 degrees C were suppressed to 22 +/- 6% and 14 +/- 3% (mean +/- SD) of control, respectively. All the contractile responses were abolished at 47 degrees C.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The contractions of the guinea-pig vas deferens evoked by electrical field stimulation consisted of alpha 1, N-ATP, alpha 1-ATP, m-ATP and X components. Sympathetic nerve fibers in the muscles were completely inactivated by thermal exposure at 47 degrees C for 1 hour. The results suggest that the minimal temperature for thermotherapy of BPH should be 47 degrees C.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Tokyo Medical University.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shishido
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Namiki
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Miki
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sakai
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tosaka
mesh_terms: D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000502:physiology; D000818:Animals; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D006168:Guinea Pigs; D006979:Hyperthermia, Induced; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008297:Male; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000187:drug effects; D009130:Muscle, Smooth / Q000187:drug effects / Q000294:innervation*; D009538:Nicotine / Q000494:pharmacology; D009638:Norepinephrine / Q000502:physiology; D011470:Prostatic Hyperplasia / Q000628:therapy*; D013564:Sympathetic Nervous System / Q000502:physiology*; D014649:Vas Deferens / Q000294:innervation*
chemical_list: D009538:Nicotine; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; D009638:Norepinephrine