title: Host cyclooxygenase-2 modulates carcinoma growth.
abstract: Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2; Ptgs2) acts as a tumor promoter in rodent models for colorectal cancer, but its precise role in carcinogenesis remains unclear. We evaluated the contribution of host-derived COX-1 and COX-2 in tumor growth using both genetic and pharmacological approaches. Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) cells grow rapidly as solid tumors when implanted in C57BL/6 mice. We found that tumor growth was markedly attenuated in COX-2(-/-), but not COX-1(-/-) or wild-type mice. Treatment of wild-type C57BL/6 mice bearing LLC tumors with a selective COX-2 inhibitor also reduced tumor growth. A decrease in vascular density was observed in tumors grown in COX-2(-/-) mice when compared with those in wild-type mice. Because COX-2 is expressed in stromal fibroblasts of human and rodent colorectal carcinomas, we evaluated COX-2(-/-) mouse fibroblasts and found a 94% reduction in their ability to produce the proangiogenic factor, VEGF. Additionally, treatment of wild-type mouse fibroblasts with a selective COX-2 inhibitor reduced VEGF production by 92%.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, The Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-2279, USA.
authors.forename: C S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tsujii
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Reese
authors.forename: S K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Dey
authors.forename: R N
authors.initials: RN
authors.lastname: DuBois
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015153:Blotting, Western; D018827:Carcinoma, Lewis Lung / Q000473:pathology; D051545:Cyclooxygenase 1; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D016228:Endothelial Growth Factors / Q000096:biosynthesis; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000502:physiology*; D008222:Lymphokines / Q000096:biosynthesis; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D009374:Neoplasms, Experimental / Q000098:blood supply / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic / Q000209:etiology; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases / Q000502:physiology*; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D042442:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors
chemical_list: D016228:Endothelial Growth Factors; D007527:Isoenzymes; D008222:Lymphokines; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D042442:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors; D051545:Cyclooxygenase 1; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases; C496512:Ptgs1 protein, mouse