Systematic review of studies of patient satisfaction with telemedicine.
OBJECTIVE
To review research into patient satisfaction with teleconsultation, specifically clinical consultations between healthcare providers and patients involving real time interactive video.


METHODS
Systematic review of telemedicine satisfaction studies. Electronic databases searched include Medline, Embase, Science Citation Index, Social Sciences Citation Index, Arts and Humanities Citation Index, and the TIE (Telemedicine Information Exchange) database.


METHODS
Studies conducted worldwide and published between 1966 and 1998.


METHODS
Quality of evidence about patient satisfaction.


RESULTS
32 studies were identified. Study methods used were simple survey instruments (26 studies), exact methods not specified (5), and qualitative methods (1). Study designs were randomised controlled trial (1 trial); random patient selection (2); case-control (1); and selection criteria not specified or participants represented consecutive referrals, convenience samples, or volunteers (28). Sample sizes were </=20 (10 trials), </=100 (14), >100 (7), and not specified (1). All studies reported good levels of patient satisfaction. Qualitative analysis revealed methodological problems with all the published work. Even so, important issues were highlighted that merit further investigation. There is a paucity of data examining patients' perceptions or the effects of this mode of healthcare delivery on the interaction between providers and clients.


CONCLUSIONS
Methodological deficiencies (low sample sizes, context, and study designs) of the published research limit the generalisability of the findings. The studies suggest that teleconsultation is acceptable to patients in a variety of circumstances, but issues relating to patient satisfaction require further exploration from the perspective of both clients and providers.
Mair
F
F
Department of Primary Care, Whelan Building, Quadrangle, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GB. f.s.mair@liv.ac.uk
Whitten
P
P
D006801:Humans; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D018579:Patient Selection; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D017216:Telemedicine; D016896:Treatment Outcome