title: Effect of temperature and treatment conditions on the mortality of Epiphyas postvittana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) exposed to ethanol.
abstract: Morality responses were determined for 5th-instar lightbrown apple moth, Epiphyas postvittana (Walker), in the presence and absence of apples to immersion in ethanol solutions and exposure to ethanol vapor at a range of concentrations, treatment times, and temperatures. Ethanol may have caused an initial knock-down effect in E. postvittana larvae because there was a trend for larval mortality to reduce with increased periods between treatment and assessment time when immersed at 20 degrees C in 30 or 50% ethanol solutions. Mortality for larvae immersed on apples in a range of ethanol concentrations was higher than for larvae in the absence of apples. Increasing treatment temperature from 20 to 45 degrees C during ethanol immersion significantly increased larval mortality. During ethanol vapor exposure, longer treatment times were required to achieve 99% E. postvittana mortality for larvae on apples compared with those in the absence of apples.
authors.affiliation: Horticulture and Food Research Institute of New Zealand Limited, Mount Albert Research Center, Auckland, New Zealand.
authors.forename: P R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Dentener
authors.forename: S E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Lewthwaite
authors.forename: K V
authors.initials: KV
authors.lastname: Bennett
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Maindonald
authors.forename: P G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Connolly
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000431:Ethanol; D007300:Insect Control / Q000379:methods*; D009036:Moths; D013696:Temperature
chemical_list: D000431:Ethanol