title: Once-daily dosing of aminoglycoside antibiotics.
abstract: Improved understanding of the pharmacodynamics and toxicity of aminoglycoside antibiotics has resulted in the study of once-daily dosing regimens. Although studies have suggested a therapeutic advantage and possibly a decrease in toxicity with once-daily administration, these effects have been modest. The cost savings associated with once-daily aminoglycoside administration, however, makes this approach appealing. Although a syndrome of fever, tachycardia, hypotension, and rigors has been associated with once-daily dosing of gentamicin, this appears to have been the result of impurities in the antibiotic from a single offshore supplier. This syndrome has not been associated with other aminoglycoside antibiotics, and the FDA has now withdrawn its recommendation that once-daily aminoglycoside use be avoided. As with any medical regimen, the decision to use once-daily dosing of aminoglycoside agents must take into account special patient characteristics and the disease state being treated. Although once-daily dosing appears effective in limited studies in children, in individuals with neutropenia, and in individuals with cystic fibrosis, its role in gram-positive coccal endocarditis and in individuals with altered volumes of distribution remains uncertain. Further data are needed to clarify the role of once-daily dosing in these situations.
authors.affiliation: Harvard Center for Risk Analysis, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. dfisman@hsph.harvard.edu
authors.forename: D N
authors.initials: DN
authors.lastname: Fisman
authors.forename: K M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Kaye
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000617:Aminoglycosides; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D001424:Bacterial Infections / Q000188:drug therapy*; D002648:Child; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000617:Aminoglycosides; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents