title: Arrhythmias during spinal anesthesia for Cesarean section.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Spinal block has long been considered a safe anesthesia technique for surgery. However, severe bradycardia, cardiac arrest, and other arrhythmias during spinal anesthesia have been reported and the incidence of intraoperative arrhythmias is not well established. In this study the incidence of arrhythmias during spinal anesthesia was determined.
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied 254 healthy women undergoing Cesarean section under spinal anesthesia prospectively. Spinal anesthesia with 10 mg bupivacaine mixed with 0.2 mg morphine was performed at the L3-4 interspace. Intraoperative arrhythmias were recorded and verified later by a cardiologist.
  
  
  RESULTS
  First degree atrioventricular block developed in nine patients (3.5%), second degree atrioventricular block in nine (3.5%), severe bradycardia (heart rate < 50 beats x min(-1)) in seventeen (6.7%), multiple VPC in three (1.2%). The height and weight of patients with severe bradycardia, multiple VPCs, or atrioventricular block were not different from those of the other patients. However, the age of patients in the potentially dangerous arrhythmias group was greater than that in the other group (P = 0.006).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The incidence of arrhythmias as well as hypotension during spinal anesthesia for Cesarean section was higher than expected. Although most of these arrhythmias were transient and recovered spontaneously, they might unexpectedly occur and sometimes need immediate and prompt treatment. It is necessary to remain vigilant during spinal anesthesia for Cesarean section and careful monitoring of these patients is warranted, especially in older parturients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Ton Yen General Hospital, Chu Pei, Hsin Chu, Taiwan. yuchun51@ms22.hinet.net
authors.forename: C L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.forename: Y Y
authors.initials: YY
authors.lastname: Ho
authors.forename: Y C
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Hung
authors.forename: P L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000773:Anesthesia, Obstetrical / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000775:Anesthesia, Spinal / Q000009:adverse effects*; D001145:Arrhythmias, Cardiac / Q000453:epidemiology*; D002585:Cesarean Section; D004562:Electrocardiography; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D011247:Pregnancy; D011446:Prospective Studies