title: Preterm delivery for maternal or fetal indications: maternal morbidity, neonatal outcome and late sequelae in infants.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess maternal morbidity, and neonatal outcome and especially long term sequelae in infants born preterm due to maternal or fetal indications.
  
  
  METHODS
  Analysis of retrospective cohort.
  
  
  METHODS
  Oulu University Central Hospital, Finland.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred and three women, who were between the 24th and the 33rd week of pregnancy, delivered by caesarean delivery because of maternal or fetal indications. They were matched with 103 women who had spontaneous preterm delivery at corresponding gestational weeks between 1990-1997.
  
  
  METHODS
  Maternal morbidity, reasons for caesarean delivery, neonatal mortality and morbidity rates, and later development of the infants.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Pre-eclampsia was diagnosed in 57% of the women in the indicated group and only in one woman in the control group. All infants in the indicated group and almost a third in the control group were born by caesarean birth; the main indication was threatening fetal asphyxia. There was a significant difference in neonatal mortality rates between the groups (175 vs 78 per thousand live births in the indicated vs control infants; RR 2.3, 95% CI 1.02, 4.9) and the main cause of death was respiratory insufficiency: 64% in the indicated group and 22% in the controls; RR 2.9, 95% CI 0.8, 10. Respiratory distress syndrome occurred more often (73% vs 53%, RR 1.4, 95% CI 1.1, 1.7) and it was more severe and more complicated in infants in the indicated group, compared with those in the control group. Symptomatic chronic lung disease at one year of age was more common in infants in the indicated group than in the control group (15% vs 3%; RR 4.6, 95% CI 1.4, 15.9).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Not only the risks of neonatal mortality and morbidity but also long term pulmonary consequences, appear to be greater in infants born preterm by indicated delivery than in preterm infants born spontaneously at corresponding weeks.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Oulu, Finland.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kurkinen-Räty
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Koivisto
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Jouppila
mesh_terms: D001238:Asphyxia Neonatorum / Q000150:complications*; D002585:Cesarean Section; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007226:Infant Mortality; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature; D008171:Lung Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology*; D009017:Morbidity; D007752:Obstetric Labor, Premature / Q000150:complications*; D011225:Pre-Eclampsia / Q000150:complications*; D011247:Pregnancy; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012127:Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Newborn / Q000453:epidemiology; D012131:Respiratory Insufficiency / Q000150:complications; D012189:Retrospective Studies