title: Controlled transdermal iontophoresis by ion-exchange fiber.
abstract: The objective of this study was to assess the transdermal delivery of drugs using iontophoresis with cation- and anion-exchange fibers as controlled drug delivery vehicles. Complexation of charged model drugs with the ion-exchange fibers was studied as a method to achieve controlled transdermal drug delivery. Drug release from the cation-exchange fiber into a physiological saline was dependent on the lipophilicity of the drug. The release rates of lipophilic tacrine and propranolol were significantly slower than that of hydrophilic nadolol. Permeation of tacrine across the skin was directly related to the iontophoretic current density and drug concentration used. Anion-exchange fiber was tested with anionic sodium salicylate. The iontophoretic flux enhancement of sodium salicylate from the fiber was substantial. As the drug has to be released from the ion-exchange fiber before permeating across the skin, a clear reduction in the drug fluxes from the cationic and anionic fibers were observed compared to the respective fluxes of the drugs in solution. Overall, the ion-exchange fibers act as a drug reservoir, controlling the release and iontophoretic transdermal delivery of the drug.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Kuopio, P.O. Box 1627, FIN-70211, Kuopio, Finland. tarja.jaskari@helsinki.fi
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Jaskari
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vuorio
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kontturi
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Urtti
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Manzanares
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hirvonen
mesh_terms: D000279:Administration, Cutaneous; D000465:Algorithms; D055598:Chemical Phenomena; D002627:Chemistry, Physical; D004566:Electrodes; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007474:Ion Exchange; D007478:Iontophoresis; D019016:Mineral Fibers; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D012869:Skin Absorption; D013619:Tacrine / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D019016:Mineral Fibers; D013619:Tacrine