title: Phrenic nerve conduction in infancy and early childhood.
abstract: Diaphragmatic action potentials (DAPs) were mapped on the thorax bilaterally in 16 neurologically normal infants and 8 boys aged 1 to 4 years during artificial ventilation after thoracic surgery. Transcutaneous stimulation was used to activate the phrenic nerve at the supraclavicular fossa at the end of an artificial inspiration. The DAPs were of positive polarity and were recorded on the ipsilateral anterolateral chest wall over the sixth to the eighth intercostal spaces, with a maximal peak at the seventh intercostal space. The DAP latencies gradually decreased from 6 to 8 ms at birth to about 5 ms at the age of 1 year, despite an increase of conduction distance. Statistical analyses revealed that DAP amplitude did not correlate with age. The latencies and amplitudes of the DAPs displayed little interside variation. The results are valuable not only as a reference for the diagnosis of patients with phrenic nerve palsy, but also as an indicator of the normal development of the phrenic nerve.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, South 1, West 16, Chuo-ku, Sapporo 060-8543, Japan. toimai@sapmed.ac.jp
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Imai
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shizukawa
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Imaizumi
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shichinohe
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kikuchi
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hachiro
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kashiwagi
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chiba
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Matsumoto
mesh_terms: D000200:Action Potentials / Q000502:physiology; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003964:Diaphragm / Q000294:innervation / Q000502:physiology; D004566:Electrodes; D004594:Electrophysiology; D007839:Functional Laterality / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D009431:Neural Conduction / Q000502:physiology*; D010243:Paralysis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology; D010523:Peripheral Nervous System Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D010791:Phrenic Nerve / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000502:physiology*