Transport of valganciclovir, a ganciclovir prodrug, via peptide transporters PEPT1 and PEPT2.
In clinical trials, valganciclovir, the valyl ester of ganciclovir, has been shown to enhance the bioavailability of ganciclovir when taken orally by patients with cytomegalovirus infection. We investigated the role of the intestinal peptide transporter PEPT1 in this process by comparing the interaction of ganciclovir and valganciclovir with the transporter in different experimental systems. We also studied the interaction of these two compounds with the renal peptide transporter PEPT2. In cell culture model systems using Caco-2 cells for PEPT1 and SKPT cells for PEPT2, valganciclovir inhibited glycylsarcosine transport mediated by PEPT1 and PEPT2 with K(i) values (inhibition constant) of 1.68+/-0.30 and 0.043+/- 0.005 mM, respectively. The inhibition by valganciclovir was competitive in both cases. Ganciclovir did not interact with either transporter. Similar studies done with cloned PEPT1 and PEPT2 in heterologous expression systems yielded comparable results. The transport of valganciclovir via PEPT1 was investigated directly in PEPT1-expressing Xenopus laevis oocytes with an electrophysiological approach. Valganciclovir, but not ganciclovir, induced inward currents in PEPT1-expressing oocytes. These results demonstrate that the increased bioavailability of valganciclovir is related to its recognition as a substrate by the intestinal peptide transporter PEPT1. This prodrug is also recognized by the renal peptide transporter PEPT2 with high affinity.
Sugawara
M
M
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia 30912, USA.
Huang
W
W
Fei
Y J
YJ
Leibach
F H
FH
Ganapathy
V
V
Ganapathy
M E
ME
D000818:Animals; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D002460:Cell Line; D015774:Ganciclovir / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D006801:Humans; D000074011:Peptide Transporter 1; D051381:Rats; D027981:Symporters; D000077562:Valganciclovir; D014982:Xenopus laevis
D000998:Antiviral Agents; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D000074011:Peptide Transporter 1; C082186:SLC15A1 protein, human; C489940:Slc15a1 protein, rat; D027981:Symporters; C093694:hydrogen-coupled oligopeptide transporter PepT2; D000077562:Valganciclovir; D015774:Ganciclovir