title: The effect of sodium citrate in arterial catheters on acid-base and electrolyte measurements.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the effects of heparin or sodium citrate used to anticoagulate indwelling arterial catheters on acid-base and electrolyte measurements.
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomized controlled trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  Medical-surgical university-affiliated intensive care unit.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty patients with indwelling arterial catheters.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients were randomly allocated to have ten 1-mL aliquots of blood sampled serially from an arterial catheter maintained with either heparin or sodium citrate. A sample then obtained by arterial puncture provided true measurement values. Acid-base and electrolyte measurements of whole blood were obtained from each sample by means of a Coming 860 analyzer.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Contamination with sodium citrate lowered ionized calcium and pH but increased glucose and Pco2. Heparin produced negligible effects on those measurements. When sodium citrate was used, reliable measurements were not obtained for ionized calcium, pH, and glucose, even after 9 mL of blood had been discarded. However, reliable P(CO2) measurements were obtained after 2 mL of blood was discarded.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Sodium citrate used to maintain arterial catheters can contaminate blood samples. The result of that contamination can mimic severe hypocalcemia, metabolic acidosis, and mild hyperglycemia. Failure to recognize the effects of sodium citrate on acid-base and electrolyte measurements may lead to changes in treatment that could affect patient outcome adversely.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, ON, Canada.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Cardinal
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Allan
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Pham
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hindmarsh
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Delisle
mesh_terms: D000136:Acid-Base Equilibrium / Q000187:drug effects*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001800:Blood Specimen Collection; D002408:Catheters, Indwelling; D002951:Citrates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D006493:Heparin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D007362:Intensive Care Units; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D000077559:Sodium Citrate; D014882:Water-Electrolyte Balance / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D000925:Anticoagulants; D002951:Citrates; D000077559:Sodium Citrate; D006493:Heparin