title: In vitro activity of human immunodeficiency virus protease inhibitors against Pneumocystis carinii.
abstract: Since 1996, the introduction of protease inhibitors (PIs) has led to a dramatic decrease of human immunodeficiency virus-related Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. This effect is clearly due, in large part, to the induction of immune reconstitution by highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). However, it is conceivable that PIs had other beneficial effects, including direct activity against Pneumocystis. In this study, the occurrence of specific aspartyl proteases in Pneumocystis is described. These protease targets seemed to be affected in vitro by antiretroviral PIs. These data suggest intriguing implications for the possible antipneumocystis benefit of receiving indinavir, ritonavir, nelfinavir, or saquinavir during HAART.
authors.affiliation: II Division Infectious Diseases, L. Sacco Hospital, CAP 20157, Milan, Italy. segret.2.div.m.i@ospedalesacco.lom.it.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Atzori
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Angeli
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mainini
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Agostoni
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Micheli
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cargnel
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D017320:HIV Protease Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D019469:Indinavir / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008168:Lung; D008297:Male; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D019888:Nelfinavir / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010436:Pepstatins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011010:Pneumocystis / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D016720:Pneumocystis Infections / Q000382:microbiology; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D019258:Saquinavir / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D017320:HIV Protease Inhibitors; D010436:Pepstatins; C014195:Streptomyces pepsin inhibitor; D019469:Indinavir; D019888:Nelfinavir; D019258:Saquinavir; C031375:pepstatin