title: Quantification of mitral regurgitation in the cardiac catheterization laboratory with contrast echocardiography.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There is no method of quantifying the severity of mitral regurgitation (MR) from injection of tracer directly into the left ventricular (LV) cavity, a method commonly used in the cardiac catheterization laboratory.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We used a previously validated mathematical model that derives regurgitant fraction (RF) from the relative tracer washout from the left atrial (LA) and LV cavities. Thirty-nine patients referred for diagnostic cardiac catheterization with clinical evidence of possible MR were included in the study. Five milliliters of a microbubble mixture was power-injected into the LV during simultaneously performed contrast echocardiography. Relative changes in background-subtracted video intensity were measured from the LV and LA, and the resultant model-derived RF was correlated with the severity of MR on cineangiography. The severity of MR ranged from 0 to 4+ on cineangiography with corresponding model-derived RF of 0 to 0.69 on contrast echocardiography. A close linear relation was noted between angiographic severity of MR and model-derived RF on contrast echocardiography (y = 0.1x + 0.03, r = 0.89, P <.001). Contrast echocardiography was more sensitive than cineangiography for detecting mild MR.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We describe a new method of measuring the severity of MR in the cardiac catheterization laboratory. Apart from being quantitative, this method can be safely used during cardiac catheterization in patients in whom iodinated contrast agents may be potentially harmful.
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Division, University of Virginia Medical Center, Charlottesville 22908, USA.
authors.forename: R S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Buckley
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kaul
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Jayaweera
authors.forename: L W
authors.initials: LW
authors.lastname: Gimple
authors.forename: E R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Powers
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Dent
mesh_terms: D000418:Albumins / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006328:Cardiac Catheterization; D002932:Cineangiography; D003287:Contrast Media; D004452:Echocardiography / Q000379:methods*; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D007267:Injections; D007755:Laboratories, Hospital; D008863:Microspheres; D008944:Mitral Valve Insufficiency / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D009200:Myocardial Contraction; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012720:Severity of Illness Index
chemical_list: D000418:Albumins; C060687:Albunex; D003287:Contrast Media