title: Calcium channel blockers, ACE inhibitors, and the risk of cancer in hypertensive patients: a report from the Department of Health Hypertension Care Computing Project (DHCCP)
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Recent studies have shown inconsistent results on the risk of cancer in hypertensive patients using calcium channel blockers (CCBs) and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors. We investigated a large number of patients from the Department of Health Hypertension Care Computing Project (DHCCP) observational database treated with these drugs for hypertension to see whether the use of CCBs for hypertension is associated with an increased risk of cancer mortality and the use of ACE inhibitors with a reduction.
  
  
  METHODS
  Matched case-control study and a longitudinal study of survival from 1 year after presentation.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 11663 patients treated for hypertension from 1971 through 1987. They were recruited on presentation to one of the hospital hypertension clinics or general practices involved.
  
  
  METHODS
  Death with any mention of cancer on the death certificate in patients treated with an Index drug group; CCBs, ACE inhibitors, beta adrenergic blocking drugs (BBs), or receiving a diuretic. The treatment groups were mutually exclusive.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 391 cases of cancer were matched with 1050 controls. In this case-control study the adjusted relative risk estimate in comparison to diuretic treatment for CCBs was 0.79 (95% CI 0.37 to 1.69), and for CCBs plus a diuretic, 1.05 (0.65 to 1.69). Non-significant results were also observed for ACE inhibitors (1.48 (0.43 to 5.1), and 1.40 (0.56 to 3.50) with a diuretic), and also for the BB and methyldopa groups. In the longitudinal survival study, the adjusted relative risk estimate for CCBs was 1.1 (0.60 to 1.94) and 1.0 (0.53 to 1.86) for CCBs plus a diuretic, and for ACE inhibitors 1.33 (0.37 to 4.76) and 1.47 (0.67 to 3.23), respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this population there was no increased cancer mortality with the use of CCBs and a relative risk greater than 1.7 to 2.0 was excluded with 95% confidence. The suggestion that ACE inhibitors reduce cancer mortality was not supported with best estimates of relative risk of 1.3 to 1.5 and exclusion of values less than 0.4 to 0.7.
authors.affiliation: Division of Medicine, Imperial College School of Medicine, Hammersmith Campus, London, UK.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Stahl
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Bulpitt
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Palmer
authors.forename: D G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Beevers
authors.forename: E C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Coles
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Webster
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers / Q000009:adverse effects*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000401:mortality; D012307:Risk Factors; D016019:Survival Analysis
chemical_list: D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers