title: Quantitative Beutler test for newborn mass screening of galactosemia using a fluorometric microplate reader.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The Beutler enzyme spot test is an effective assay for newborn mass screening of galactosemia, but it is qualitative and relies on visual interpretation. We describe a quantitative, instrumental modification of the assay.
  
  
  METHODS
  We modified the macroscopic visual Beutler enzyme spot test by adding extraction of blood components from filter paper, deproteinization with acetone-methanol, and quantification and recording by a fluorescent microplate reader and personal computer. All handling was performed in microplates. The measurement time was 90 min.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fluorescence intensity (FI) of healthy controls correlated with hematocrit and galactose-1-phosphate uridyltransferase (GALT) activity. Patients with GALT deficiency were distinguished clearly from healthy subjects and heterozygous carriers by FI. FI decreased to 75% of the initial activity after storage at 25 degrees C for 3 days and to 40% after storage at 37 degrees C for 7 days. Screening of 46 742 newborns yielded 1 false-positive result (in a heterozygous carrier), 1 patient with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency, and no apparent false negatives as judged by concurrent measurements of galactose and galactose-1-phosphate.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The quantitative Beutler test can provide precise GALT activity in newborn mass screening, and can take into consideration the influence of high temperature and humidity, duration between sampling and testing, and anemia. This method is clinically useful, simple, automated, and highly reliable for newborn mass screening of galactosemia.
authors.affiliation: Osaka City Environment and Public Health Association, Japan.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fujimoto
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Okano
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Miyagi
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Isshiki
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Oura
mesh_terms: D001800:Blood Specimen Collection; D004796:Clinical Enzyme Tests / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D005470:Fluorometry / Q000379:methods; D005693:Galactosemias / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000201:enzymology; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D015997:Neonatal Screening / Q000379:methods*; D010209:Paper; D013997:Time Factors; D005694:UTP-Hexose-1-Phosphate Uridylyltransferase / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D005694:UTP-Hexose-1-Phosphate Uridylyltransferase