title: The effectiveness of omeprazole, clarithromycin and tinidazole in eradicating Helicobacter pylori in a community screen and treat programme. Leeds Help Study Group.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Helicobacter pylori screening and treatment has been proposed as a cost-effective method of preventing gastric cancer.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To assess, in a randomized controlled trial, the efficacy of therapy in eradicating H. pylori as part of a screening programme, and to report the adverse events associated with this strategy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Subjects between the ages of 40-49 years were randomly selected from the lists of 36 primary care centres. Participants attended their local practice and H. pylori status was determined by 13C-urea breath test. Infected subjects were randomized to receive omeprazole 20 mg b.d., clarithromycin 250 mg b.d. and tinidazole 500 mg b.d. for 7 days (OCT) or identical placebos. Eradication was determined by a 13C-urea breath test 6 months and 2 years after the first visit. Successful eradication was defined as two negative 13C-urea breath tests or one negative and one missing test. Adverse events and compliance were assessed at the 6-month visit.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 32 929 subjects were invited to attend, 8407 were evaluable, and 2329 (28%) of these were H. pylori-positive. A total of 1161 subjects were randomized to OCT and 1163 to placebo; over 80% returned for a repeat 13C-urea breath test on at least one occasion. The eradication rates in those allocated to OCT were as follows: intention-to-treat, 710 out of 1161 (61%; 95% confidence interval: 58-64%); evaluable 710 out of 967 (73%; 95% CI: 71-76%); took all medication 645 out of 769 (84%; 95% CI: 81-87%). Adverse events occurred in 45% of the treatment group and in 18% of the placebo group (relative risk 2.5; 95% CI: 2.1-2.9). Compliance, male gender, no antibiotic prescription in the subsequent 2 years and experiencing a bitter taste with the medication were independently associated with treatment success.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The OCT regimen has an eradication rate of 61% in intention-to-treat analysis and is therefore less successful in treating H. pylori as part of a screening programme compared with hospital studies in dyspeptic patients.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Digestive Diseases, The General Infirmary at Leeds, Leeds, UK. paulmo@ulth.northy.nhs.uk
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Moayyedi
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Feltbower
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Crocombe
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mason
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Atha
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: A C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Dowell
authors.forename: I D
authors.initials: ID
authors.lastname: Richards
authors.forename: A T
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Axon
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000328:Adult; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000897:Anti-Ulcer Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000994:Antitrichomonal Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017291:Clarithromycin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D016481:Helicobacter Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D016480:Helicobacter pylori / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000472:pathogenicity; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008403:Mass Screening; D008875:Middle Aged; D009853:Omeprazole / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010349:Patient Compliance; D012737:Sex Factors; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000209:etiology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D014011:Tinidazole / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000897:Anti-Ulcer Agents; D000994:Antitrichomonal Agents; D014011:Tinidazole; D017291:Clarithromycin; D009853:Omeprazole