title: Interleukin-6 family of cytokines mediate angiotensin II-induced cardiac hypertrophy in rodent cardiomyocytes.
abstract: This study was designed to investigate whether angiotensin II induces the interleukin (IL)-6 family of cytokines in cardiac fibroblasts and, if so, whether these cytokines can augment cardiac hypertrophy. Angiotensin II increased IL-6, leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) and cardiotrophin-1 mRNA by 6.5-, 10.2-, and 2.0-fold, respectively, but did not affect IL-11, ciliary neurotrophic factor, or oncostatin M in cardiac fibroblasts. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay revealed that angiotensin II-stimulated conditioned medium from cardiac fibroblasts contained 9.3 ng/ml IL-6 at 24 h, which was 24-fold higher than the control. It phosphorylated gp130 and STAT3 in cardiomyocytes, which was reduced with RX435 (anti-gp130 blocking antibody). It increased [(3)H]phenylalanine uptake and cell area by 44% and 86% in cardiomyocytes compared with mock medium. RX435 suppressed these increases by 26% and 38%, while TAK044 (endothelin-A/B-R blocker) suppressed them by 52% and 52%, respectively. Antisense oligonucleotides against LIF and cardiotrophin-1 blocked their up-regulation, and attenuated the conditioned medium-induced increase in [(3)H]phenylalanine uptake by 21% and 13%, respectively. The combination of antisense oligonucleotides to LIF and cardiotrophin-1 decreased their uptake by 33%. These results indicated that angiotensin II induced IL-6, LIF, and cardiotrophin-1 in cardiac fibroblasts, and that these cytokines, particularly LIF and cardiotrophin-1, activated gp130-linked signaling and contributed to angiotensin II-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy.
authors.affiliation: Cardiopulmonary Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sano
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fukuda
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kodama
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pan
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Saito
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Matsuzaki
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Makino
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kato
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ogawa
mesh_terms: D000804:Angiotensin II / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D006332:Cardiomegaly / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D006131:Growth Inhibitors / Q000096:biosynthesis; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D053605:Leukemia Inhibitory Factor; D008222:Lymphokines / Q000096:biosynthesis; D051379:Mice; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D014662:Vasoconstrictor Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D006131:Growth Inhibitors; D015850:Interleukin-6; D053605:Leukemia Inhibitory Factor; C507838:Lif protein, mouse; D008222:Lymphokines; D014662:Vasoconstrictor Agents; D000804:Angiotensin II; C092073:cardiotrophin 1