title: Soy isoflavones improve plasma lipids in normocholesterolemic, premenopausal women.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Soy consumption is known to reduce plasma total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol in hypercholesterolemic subjects, but the responsible soy components and the effects in normocholesterolemic subjects remain unclear.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The effects of soy isoflavone consumption on plasma total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, triacylglycerol, apolipoprotein A-I, apolipoprotein B, and lipoprotein(a) concentrations and on LDL peak particle diameter were examined in normocholesterolemic, premenopausal women.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirteen healthy, normocholesterolemic, free-living, premenopausal female volunteers took part in this randomized, crossover-controlled trial. Each subject acted as her own control. Three soy isoflavone intakes (control: 10.0 +/- 1.1; low: 64.7 +/- 9.4; and high: 128.7 +/- 15.7 mg/d), provided as soy protein isolate, were consumed for 3 menstrual cycles each. Total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and triacylglycerol were measured over the menstrual cycle. Apolipoprotein A-I, apolipoprotein B, lipoprotein(a), and LDL peak particle diameter were evaluated in the midluteal phase.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, and LDL-cholesterol concentrations changed significantly across menstrual cycle phases (P < 0.005). During specific phases of the cycle, the high-isoflavone diet lowered LDL cholesterol by 7.6-10.0% (P < 0.05), the ratio of total cholesterol to HDL cholesterol by 10.2% (P < 0.005), and the ratio of LDL to HDL cholesterol by 13.8% (P < 0.002).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Isoflavones significantly improved the lipid profile across the menstrual cycle in normocholesterolemic, premenopausal women. Although of small magnitude, these effects could contribute to a lower risk of developing coronary heart disease in healthy people who consume soy over many years.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN 55108, USA.
authors.forename: B E
authors.initials: BE
authors.lastname: Merz-Demlow
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Duncan
authors.forename: K E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Wangen
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: T P
authors.initials: TP
authors.lastname: Carr
authors.forename: W R
authors.initials: WR
authors.lastname: Phipps
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Kurzer
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D016632:Apolipoprotein A-I / Q000032:analysis; D001055:Apolipoproteins B / Q000097:blood; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood*; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007529:Isoflavones / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood*; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL / Q000097:blood; D008597:Menstrual Cycle; D017697:Premenopause; D030262:Soybean Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D013025:Glycine max / Q000737:chemistry*; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D016632:Apolipoprotein A-I; D001055:Apolipoproteins B; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D007529:Isoflavones; D008055:Lipids; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL; D030262:Soybean Proteins; D014280:Triglycerides; D002784:Cholesterol