title: Structure-activity relationships of sialogogic heptapeptides analogous to physalaemin.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The rationale behind this study was to determine in detail which amino acids in physalaemin are crucial to its sialogogue activity, with a view of synthesizing new sialogogues which might be of use in the treatment of dry mouth.
  
  
  METHODS
  With the progressive elimination of amino acids, one by one, from the C- and N-terminal regions, 126 heptapeptides were newly synthesized by the multipin peptide method, for comparison with II naturally occurring tachykinins.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The C-terminal amide in position II was essential for salivation, but not the pyrolidine group or the N-terminal amino acid residues in positions I to 4. In 18 heptapeptides in which M in position II (MII) was replaced by another amino acid, one by one, none caused salivation. In 18 heptapeptides, in which L10 or G9 was replaced, three peptides caused salivation but none had significantly increased secretory activities. In 18 heptapeptides in which Y8 was replaced, four caused salivation but only one (I) had significantly increased secretory activity. In 18 heptapeptides in which F7 was replaced, only Y caused salivation but with significantly reduced secretory activity. In contrast, in 18 heptapeptides in which K6 and N5 were replaced, most caused salivation and some of them had significantly increased secretory activities.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It is concluded that the sequence FYGLM-NH2 conserved in the C-terminal region of physalaemin is optimal, that amides in position II and F7 are very important for salivation, but that K6 and N5 can be replaced by some other amino acids, resulting in increased secretory activities.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Biochemistry, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka 814-0193, Japan.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Abe
mesh_terms: D000596:Amino Acids / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D005163:Factor Analysis, Statistical; D007274:Injections, Intraperitoneal; D008297:Male; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D010803:Physalaemin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011759:Pyrrolidines / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012463:Saliva / Q000187:drug effects; D012471:Salivary Proteins and Peptides / Q000187:drug effects; D012472:Salivation / Q000187:drug effects*; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D015320:Tachykinins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000596:Amino Acids; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D011759:Pyrrolidines; D012471:Salivary Proteins and Peptides; D015320:Tachykinins; C051565:physalaemin C-terminal heptapeptide; D010803:Physalaemin; C032519:pyrrolidine