title: Synergistic effect of Bcl-2 and BAG-1 on the prevention of photoreceptor cell death.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Ectopic expression of Bcl-2 in photoreceptors of mice with retinal degenerative disease slows progression of the disease. BAG-1 has previously been shown to augment the inhibitory effect of Bcl-2 on programmed cell death in cultured cell systems. This study was designed to determine whether the coexpression of BAG-1 and Bcl-2 in the photoreceptors of mice with an autosomal dominant form of retinitis pigmentosa (RP) would enhance the protective effect provided by Bcl-2 alone.
  
  
  METHODS
  An expression vector using the 5' regulatory region of the murine opsin gene was used to target the expression of BAG-1 specifically to photoreceptor cells of mice. The BAG-1 transgenic mice were crossed to Bcl-2 transgenics to obtain animals that coexpress the two transgenes in photoreceptor cells. BAG-1/Bcl-2 animals were then crossed to an RP mouse model (a transgenic line overexpressing the S334ter rhodopsin mutant) to assess the effect of coexpression of BAG-1 and Bcl-2 on retinal degeneration. Morphologic analysis was performed on retinas isolated at various times after birth to monitor disease progression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  High levels of BAG-1 expression resulted in retinal degeneration that was not prevented by Bcl-2 expression. However, coexpression of appropriate levels of BAG-1 and Bcl-2 was found to have a profound inhibitory effect on retinal degeneration caused by overexpression of a mutant rhodopsin transgene. Whereas expression of Bcl-2 alone was previously found to delay degeneration of the retina from 2 weeks to approximately 4 weeks of age, coexpression of BAG-1 and Bcl-2 inhibited photoreceptor cell death for as long as 7 to 9 weeks.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The synergistic effect against photoreceptor cell death produced by the coexpression of Bcl-2 and BAG-1 indicates that these proteins can function in concert to prevent cell death. At the correct dosage, coexpression of Bcl-2 and BAG-1 may serve as a potential means to treat retinal degenerative diseases.
authors.affiliation: Division of Biology, California Institute of Technology, Pasdena 91125, USA.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Eversole-Cire
authors.forename: F A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Concepcion
authors.forename: M I
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Simon
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Takayama
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Reed
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000502:physiology; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D005260:Female; D019084:Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008817:Mice, Mutant Strains; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D020419:Photoreceptor Cells, Vertebrate / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D012174:Retinitis Pigmentosa / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D012243:Rhodopsin / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D014157:Transcription Factors
chemical_list: C091732:BCL2-associated athanogene 1 protein; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D014157:Transcription Factors; D012243:Rhodopsin