title: Progesterone attenuates persistent inflammatory hyperalgesia in female rats: involvement of spinal NMDA receptor mechanisms.
abstract: The relationship between endogenous gonadal steroid levels and persistent or chronic pain is poorly understood. These studies used an inflammation model to examine the role of the gonadal steroid, progesterone, in the development of persistent pain and hyperalgesia in lactating ovary-intact and ovariectomized rats. The results indicate that constant high plasma levels of progesterone attenuate inflammatory hyperalgesia by a mechanism involving inhibition of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor activation at the spinal cord level. Since the pattern of high progesterone in lactating rats mimics the progesterone component of the luteal phase of the human menstrual cycle, these findings have significance in persistent or chronic pain conditions that are most prevalent in females.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Craniofacial Biological Sciences, Rm. 5A26, Dental School, University of Maryland, 666 W. Baltimore St., 21201, Baltimore, MD, USA. kren@umaryland.edu
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ren
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Wei1
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Dubner
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Murphy
authors.forename: G E
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Hoffman
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004971:Estrus / Q000097:blood; D018690:Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D005620:Freund's Adjuvant; D006930:Hyperalgesia / Q000097:blood* / Q000139:chemically induced; D007249:Inflammation / Q000097:blood* / Q000139:chemically induced; D007774:Lactation / Q000097:blood*; D016202:N-Methylaspartate / Q000494:pharmacology; D010052:Ovariectomy; D011247:Pregnancy; D011374:Progesterone / Q000097:blood*; D016760:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D016194:Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate / Q000187:drug effects; D013116:Spinal Cord / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D018690:Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists; D016760:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos; D016194:Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; D011374:Progesterone; D016202:N-Methylaspartate; D005620:Freund's Adjuvant