title: The annual report to the nation on the status of cancer, 1973-1997, with a special section on colorectal cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This annual report to the nation addresses progress in cancer prevention and control in the U.S. with a special section on colorectal cancer. This report is the joint effort of the American Cancer Society, the National Cancer Institute (NCI), the North American Association of Central Cancer Registries (NAACCR), and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), including the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS).
  
  
  METHODS
  Age-adjusted rates were based on cancer incidence data from the NCI and NAACCR and underlying cause of death as compiled by NCHS. Joinpoint analysis was based on NCI Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program incidence rates and NCHS death rates for 1973-1997. The prevalence of screening examinations for colorectal cancer was obtained from the CDC's Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System and the NCHS's National Health Interview Survey.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Between 1990-1997, overall cancer incidence and death rates declined. Joinpoint analyses of cancer incidence and death rates confirmed the declines described in earlier reports. The incidence trends for colorectal cancer have shown recent steep declines for whites in contrast to a leveling off of the rates for blacks. State-to-state variations occurred in colorectal cancer screening prevalence as well as incidence and death rates.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The continuing declines in overall cancer incidence and death rates are encouraging. However, a few of the top ten incidence or mortality cancer sites continued to increase or remained level. For many cancer sites, whites had lower incidence and mortality rates than blacks but higher rates than Hispanics, Asian and Pacific Islanders, and American Indians/Alaska Natives. The variations in colorectal cancer incidence and death rates by race/ethnicity, gender, age, and geographic area may be related to differences in risk factors, demographic characteristics, screening, and medical practice. New efforts currently are underway to increase awareness of screening benefits and treatment for colorectal cancer.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Ries
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Wingo
authors.forename: D S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: H L
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Howe
authors.forename: H K
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Weir
authors.forename: H M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Rosenberg
authors.forename: S W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Vernon
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Cronin
authors.forename: B K
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Edwards
mesh_terms: D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology; D001984:Bronchial Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000401:mortality; D005260:Female; D005833:Genital Neoplasms, Female / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D007938:Leukemia / Q000453:epidemiology; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology; D008228:Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008545:Melanoma / Q000453:epidemiology; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000401:mortality; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology; D044469:Racial Groups; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology; D015996:Survival Rate; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology