title: Does intrathecal morphine alter the stress response following coronary artery bypass grafting surgery?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Intrathecal morphine administered prior to coronary artery revascularization (CABG) surgery was studied to determine its effects on the stress response.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a single centre, open, randomized clinical trial, first time elective CABG surgery patients, < 75 yr, were studied. Control subjects (n=12) received a standardized anesthetic consisting of fentanyl (maximum cumulative dose of 35 microg x kg(-1)), propofol, and pancuronium. In addition, spinal subjects (n=13) received 1.0 mg (age > 60 yr) or 1.5 mg (age < or = 59 yr) intrathecal morphine prior to induction of anesthesia. Control subjects received continuous i.v. morphine at 2 mg x hr(-1) on arrival in the ICU with i.v. bolus morphine supplementation as required while spinal subjects received bolus i.v. morphine as required. Changes in plasma cortisol and catecholamine concentrations were measured preoperatively, poststernotomy, on admission to ICU, following tracheal extubation, at 0800 hr on the first postoperative day, and 24 and 48 hr after ICU admission.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No differences between groups were detected for demographic variables. The percent change in cortisol concentration relative to preoperative values (control vs spinal; (38 (87) vs -41 (46)%: P < 0.05)) was lower in the spinal group on admission to ICU. The percent change in plasma epinephrine levels (control vs spinal) on admission to ICU (285 (337) vs -10 (37)%) and 0800 hr after surgery (314 (341) vs -4 (37)%) was also significantly different.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Intrathecal morphine only partially attenuated the postsurgical stress response in CABG surgical patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Dalhousie University and Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada. rihall@is.dal.ca
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hall
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Adderley
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: MacLaren
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: McIntyre
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Barker
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Imrie
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Allen
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Glenn
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fairhurst
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: McLaren
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002395:Catecholamines / Q000097:blood*; D001026:Coronary Artery Bypass; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000097:blood*; D007278:Injections, Spinal; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009020:Morphine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D002395:Catecholamines; D009020:Morphine; D006854:Hydrocortisone