title: Clinical presentation of Helicobacter pylori-positive and -negative functional dyspepsia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A questionnaire was used to record the clinical presentation of functional dyspepsia in relation to Helicobacter pylori infection in a consecutive series of patients sent for upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. Only patients without macroscopic abnormalities in their oesophagus, stomach and duodenum were included.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study questionnaire included two questions related to daily life, and the calculation of a symptom score. Biopsy specimens were taken from all patients for histological and microbiological examination, and immunoglobulin G antibodies were also determined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Two hundred and twenty-two patients were H. pylori positive and 182 patients were H. pylori negative. Loss of weight was significantly more common in the H. pylori positive group (P<0.001). Patients with H. pylori infection had a significantly higher overall symptom score compared with H. pylori-negative subjects (P<0.05). In addition, the severity of epigastric and nocturnal pain, heartburn, retrosternal heartburn, and vomiting was significantly higher in H. pylori-positive functional dyspeptic patients, and the influence on daily life and activities was significantly worse.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The combination of retrosternal pain, weight loss, food intolerance and the absence of halitosis signified a 64% accuracy in predicting H. pylori infection. It is not possible to differentiate between H. pylori-positive and H. pylori-negative functional dyspeptics on the basis of clinical presentation and the number of complaints. However, overall symptom score and severity of several symptoms was significantly higher in the H. pylori-positive group.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Ziekenhuis De Heel Zaandam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: B F
authors.initials: BF
authors.lastname: Werdmuller
authors.forename: T B
authors.initials: TB
authors.lastname: van der Putten
authors.forename: T G
authors.initials: TG
authors.lastname: Balk
authors.forename: C B
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Lamers
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Loffeld
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D004415:Dyspepsia / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D016481:Helicobacter Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000382:microbiology; D016480:Helicobacter pylori / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011788:Quality of Life; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D015431:Weight Loss