title: Weekly mitomycin C followed by monthly bacillus Calmette-Guerin or alternating monthly interferon-alpha2B and bacillus Calmette-Guerin for prophylaxis of recurrent papillary superficial bladder carcinoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We evaluated alternatives to bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) monotherapy using a new combination of chemotherapy and immunotherapy for recurrent superficial bladder carcinoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 236 patients with frequently recurrent stage Ta or T1 bladder tumors were enrolled in our prospective, randomized, multicenter Finnbladder IV study. The initial mitomycin C instillation was instilled in all patients perioperatively after transurethral resection, followed by 4 weekly instillations of mitomycin C. Thereafter patients were randomized to receive monthly for up to 1 year BCG only or interferon-alpha2b and BCG alternating monthly. Primary end points were time to initial recurrence, recurrence rate (number of recurrences per patient-year) and recurrence index (number of recurrent tumors per patient-year).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 236 randomized patients 205 were eligible for study with a median overall followup of 30.7 months. Monthly BCG was superior to alternating monthly interferon-alpha and/or BCG with respect to time to initial recurrence (log rank test p <0.00001) as well as recurrence rate (0.4 versus 0.9, p <0.00001) and index (0.9 versus 3.0, p <0.00001). Side effects were limited.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Monthly BCG given for up to 1 year preceded by perioperative and an additional 4 weekly mitomycin C instillations is a well tolerated mode of instillation therapy, providing excellent tumor control comparable to that of the best reported instillation regimens. No benefit was obtained by alternating interferon-alpha2b with BCG.
authors.affiliation: Hyvinkää Hospital, Hyvinkää, Finland.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kaasinen
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Rintala
authors.forename: A K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Pere
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kallio
authors.forename: V M
authors.initials: VM
authors.lastname: Puolakka
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Liukkonen
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tuhkanen
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000283:Administration, Intravesical; D000368:Aged; D000903:Antibiotics, Antineoplastic / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D001500:BCG Vaccine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002291:Carcinoma, Papillary / Q000517:prevention & control*; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D000077190:Interferon alpha-2; D016898:Interferon-alpha / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008297:Male; D016685:Mitomycin / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000517:prevention & control*
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D000903:Antibiotics, Antineoplastic; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D001500:BCG Vaccine; D000077190:Interferon alpha-2; D016898:Interferon-alpha; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D016685:Mitomycin