title: Sexual assault under benzodiazepine submission in a Paris suburb.
abstract: Sexual assaults under benzodiazepine submission have been described, since use of benzodiazepine enables non consensual sexual activity but rarely fully reported. An accurate evaluation of the phenomenon has seemed interesting. Files of 23 adult males and females examined at the Emergency Forensic Unit of an University Teaching Hospital near Paris were reviewed. All the victims had complained from sexual assault under drug submission, in the years 1996 and 1997. A complete examination for sexual assault was realised linked to clinical examination of drug intoxication. Every victim of rape under drug submission was sampled for urine screening (mean delay of 17.5 h after sexual assault) and blood alcohol level quantification. Urine was screened for benzodiazepines, cocaine, opiates and cannabinoids with qualitative immunochromatographic test. Traumatic lesions of sexual penetration were retrieved in 10 victims and sperm in 5. Clinical signs of benzodiazepine intoxication were retrieved in 12 out of 23 victims. Urine benzodiazepine screening was positive, over the cut-off values (300 ng/mL)when sampled less than 20 h after the facts. In 6 out of 23 victims, drugs of abuse and alcohol were associated to benzodiazepines. A reinforced attention can be brought to the rape under drug submission including the need of a proper examination and samplings shortly after the alleged facts to ascertain the diagnosis and to help the victim facing the Justice inquiry.
authors.affiliation: Emergency Forensic Unit (Urgences Médico-Judiciaires), University Hospital Jean Verdier (AP-HP), Bondy, France. bernard.marc@jvr.ap-hop-paris.fr
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Marc
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Baudry
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Vaquero
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zerrouki
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hassnaoui
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Douceron
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D014151:Anti-Anxiety Agents / Q000097:blood / Q000633:toxicity; D001569:Benzodiazepines / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000097:blood; D003042:Cocaine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000652:urine; D013759:Dronabinol / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000652:urine; D004949:Estazolam / Q000097:blood / Q000633:toxicity; D005260:Female; D005445:Flunitrazepam / Q000097:blood / Q000633:toxicity; D006801:Humans; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives / Q000097:blood / Q000633:toxicity; D007118:Immunoassay; D008140:Lorazepam / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000097:blood / Q000633:toxicity; D008297:Male; D009020:Morphine / Q000652:urine; D009294:Narcotics / Q000652:urine; D009567:Nitrazepam / Q000097:blood / Q000633:toxicity; D010297:Paris; D011902:Rape / Q000523:psychology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000523:psychology; D013693:Temazepam / Q000097:blood / Q000633:toxicity; D013997:Time Factors; D014229:Triazolam / Q000097:blood / Q000633:toxicity
chemical_list: D014151:Anti-Anxiety Agents; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives; D009294:Narcotics; D001569:Benzodiazepines; D014229:Triazolam; D004949:Estazolam; C016780:11-nor-delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol-9-carboxylic acid; C005618:benzoylecgonine; D005445:Flunitrazepam; C020168:triazulenone; D009020:Morphine; D013759:Dronabinol; D009567:Nitrazepam; D013693:Temazepam; C023842:lormetazepam; D003042:Cocaine; D008140:Lorazepam