title: Screening sinus CT scans in pediatric bone marrow transplant patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine how sinus disease noted on pre-bone marrow transplant (BMT) screening sinus computed tomography (CT) scans relates to subsequent development of clinical and/or radiographic sinusitis and correlates with overall prognosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective review of medical records, CT scans, and BMT database statistics was performed on all pediatric BMT recipients from January 1992 through December 1997. Fifty-four pre-BMT CT scans were performed on 51 children, aged from 2 months to 17 years. Sinus disease was staged according to criteria established by Lund and Kennedy [V.J. Lund, D.W. Kennedy, Ann. Otol. Rhinol. Laryngol. S167 (1995) 17-21.].
  
  
  RESULTS
  The average age of BMT recipients was 6.8 years. Most common oncologic diagnoses included acute myelogenous leukemia (37%), acute lymphoblastic leukemia (17%), and stage IV neuroblastoma (13%). Screening sinus CT scans were routinely performed 1-3 months prior to BMT. On pre-BMT CT scans 48% of the patients had no evidence of sinus disease, 25.9% mild disease, 9.3% moderate disease, and 16.7% severe disease. Two-thirds (66.7%) of patients with severe sinus disease on pre-BMT CT scans experienced clinical sinusitis post-BMT. In contrast, sinus symptoms were much less common (21.4%) in those with mild disease on CT scan. Overall, 39.3% of patients with sinus abnormalities on pre-BMT CT scans had clinical sinusitis during their post-BMT course, compared to 23.1% of those with normal CT scans pre-BMT. In addition, those patients demonstrating sinus disease on their pre-BMT CT scan were more likely to have radiographic sinusitis post-BMT (25.0%) than those with no disease (7.7%). Seventy-eight percent of those with severe sinusitis had died by 2-year follow up, compared to 69.2% of patients with normal CT scans pre-BMT.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Severity of radiographic sinus disease on pre-BMT CT scans was noted to correlate with clinical and radiographic sinusitis later in the post-BMT course, and was associated with a trend toward decreased survival. Pre-BMT CT scans may be useful in determining which children need early and more aggressive intervention for clinical sinusitis post-BMT.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Children's Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA. kbilli@mednet.swmed.edu
authors.forename: K R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Billings
authors.forename: L H
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Lowe
authors.forename: V M
authors.initials: VM
authors.lastname: Aquino
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Biavati
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D016026:Bone Marrow Transplantation; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D010256:Paranasal Sinuses / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D011300:Preoperative Care; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012852:Sinusitis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed