title: PCNA and Ki-67 as prognostic markers in human parathyroid carcinomas.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  It is widely accepted that histological diagnosis of parathyroid tumors is established with great difficulty. Carcinomas cannot be reliably separated from adenomas by histology alone. In this study, immunohistochemical staining for proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and Ki-67 was determined in 10 cases of parathyroid carcinomas, labeling indices (LIs) were calculated, and the results were correlated with the clinical outcomes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ten cases of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue with surgically resected parathyroid carcinoma were used. Immunohistochemical staining for PCNA and Ki-67 was performed and the LIs were calculated. We also examined whether LI could become a useful marker for parathyroid carcinomas.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Although nine patients with minimally invasive growth without recurrence of the tumor showed a low LI for both markers, one patient with a widely invasive neoplasm, and who died, had a high LI.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggested that the LI of PCNA and Ki-67, in addition to the histological appearance, may be markers of the biological behavior of parathyroid carcinomas. However, this study was on a small scale, so it may be valuable to repeat these studies in a larger group of patients with better defined histological criteria.
authors.affiliation: Division of Diagnostic Pathology, Keio University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kameyama
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Takami
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Umemura
authors.forename: Y R
authors.initials: YR
authors.lastname: Osamura
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Wada
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sugino
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mimura
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ito
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010282:Parathyroid Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D011379:Prognosis; D018809:Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen; D018809:Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen