title: Internal iliac artery embolization in the stent-graft treatment of aortoiliac aneurysms: analysis of outcomes and complications.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To analyze the complications of internal iliac artery (IIA) embolization in conjunction with stent-graft treatment of aortoiliac aneurysms.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventy-one patients with aortoiliac (n = 47) or iliac (n = 24) aneurysms were treated with endoluminal placement of stent-grafts. Thirty-two patients (31 men, one woman; mean age, 73 years; range, 56-88 years) had embolization or occlusion of one (n = 27) or both (n = 5) IIAs. Status of the IIAs and the collateral circulation was assessed by retrospective review of angiographic images. Follow-up consisted of a standardized patient questionnaire and review of radiologic and medical records.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean follow-up time was 35 months (range, 5-64 months). Eleven of the 47 patients with abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) (23%) and 19 of the 24 patients with iliac aneurysms (79%) required IIA embolization. One patient with AAA and another with iliac aneurysm had unintentional occlusion of an IIA by extension of the stent-graft over their origins. A total of seven patients had bilateral occlusion of the IIAs after the procedure. Additionally, the inferior mesenteric arteries (IMAs) of two other patients with AAA were also embolized. In six patients, all three vessels were occluded after placement of the stent-grafts. Symptoms were reported in nine of the 20 (45%) patients with iliac aneurysms and in three of the 12 (25%) patients with AAA. Symptoms consisted of buttock claudication (nine of 32, 28%), new sexual dysfunction (two of 16, 12%), and transient urinary retention (3%). Seven of the claudicants had resolution of symptoms after a mean interval of 14 months (range, 1-36 months). There were no instances of bowel ischemia, neurologic sequelae, or buttock necrosis related to these procedures.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Embolization of the IIA is associated with symptoms in a significant number of patients. While symptoms are transient in most patients, they can be problematic. Efforts should be made to preserve the pelvic circulation if possible.
authors.affiliation: Section of Cardiovascular & Interventional Radiology, Stanford University Hospital, California 94305, USA. mrazavi@stanford.edu
authors.forename: M K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Razavi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: DeGroot
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Olcott
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sze
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kee
authors.forename: C P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Semba
authors.forename: M D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Dake
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D017544:Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy*; D002081:Buttocks / Q000098:blood supply*; D004621:Embolization, Therapeutic / Q000009:adverse effects*; D007172:Erectile Dysfunction / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D017543:Iliac Aneurysm / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010146:Pain / Q000209:etiology*; D015607:Stents; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D016055:Urinary Retention / Q000209:etiology*