title: Decisional capacity for informed consent in schizophrenia research.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The adequacy of subjects' informed consent to research is the focus of an important public and professional debate. The potential impairment of decisional capacity in persons with schizophrenia is central to the discussions. This study ascertains the decisional capacity for informed consent in schizophrenic research subjects, to determine if reduced capacity relates to specific aspects of psychopathologic features and to test the hypothesis that reduced capacity can be remediated with an educational informed consent process.
  
  
  METHODS
  Decisional capacity was assessed for 30 research subjects with schizophrenia and 24 nonill (normal) comparison subjects. Measures of psychopathologic features and cognition were obtained for the subjects with schizophrenia. Subjects who performed poorly on the decisional capacity measure received an educational intervention designed to improve their ability to provide informed consent and were then retested.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The patient group did not perform as well as the controls on initial decisional capacity assessment. Poor performance was modestly related to the extent of symptoms but robustly related to cognitive impairments. Following the educational intervention, the performance of subjects with schizophrenia was equal to that of the nonill comparison group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Many persons with schizophrenia may be challenged by the cognitive demands of an informed consent process for research participation. In many cases, their reduced capacity can be compensated by a more intensive educational intervention as part of the informed consent process.
authors.affiliation: Maryland Psychiatric Research Center and the Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland, Baltimore 21228, USA. wcarpent@mprc.umaryland.edu
authors.forename: W T
authors.initials: WT
authors.lastname: Carpenter
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Gold
authors.forename: A C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Lahti
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Queern
authors.forename: R R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Conley
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Bartko
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kovnick
authors.forename: P S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Appelbaum
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003657:Decision Making; D005260:Female; D005555:Forensic Psychiatry / Q000193:education; D006801:Humans; D007258:Informed Consent; D008297:Male; D016743:Mental Competency; D010353:Patient Education as Topic; D018579:Patient Selection; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012107:Research Design / Q000592:standards; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000175:diagnosis*; D012565:Schizophrenic Psychology; D012720:Severity of Illness Index