title: Advanced practice nursing role delineation in acute and critical care: application of the strong model of advanced practice.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This purpose of this study was to differentiate between the roles of clinical nurse specialists and acute care nurse practitioners.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Hypothesized blending of the clinical nurse specialist and acute care nurse practitioner roles is thought to result in an acute care clinician who integrates the clinical skills of the nurse practitioner with the systems knowledge, educational commitment, and leadership ability of the clinical nurse specialist. Ideally, this role blending would facilitate excellence in both direct and indirect patient care. The Strong Model of Advanced Practice, which incorporates practice domains of direct comprehensive care, support of systems, education, research, and publication and professional leadership, was tested to search for practical evidence of role blending.
  
  
  METHODS
  This descriptive, exploratory, pilot study included subjects (N = 18) solicited from an academic medical center and from an Internet advanced practice listserv. Questionnaires included self-ranking of expertise in practice domains, as well as valuing of role-related tasks. Content validity was judged by an expert panel of advanced practice nurses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Analyses of descriptive statistics revealed that clinical nurse specialists, who had more experience both as registered nurses and in the advanced practice nurse role, self-ranked their expertise higher in all practice domains. Acute care nurse practitioners placed higher importance on tasks related to direct comprehensive care, including conducting histories and physicals, diagnosing, and performing diagnostic procedures, whereas clinical nurse specialists assigned greater importance to tasks related to education, research, and leadership.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Levels of self-assessed clinical expertise as well as valuing of role-related tasks differed among this sample of clinical nurse specialists and acute care nurse practitioners. Groundwork has been laid for continuing exploration into differentiation in advanced practice nursing roles.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  As the clinical nurse specialist role changes and the acute care nurse practitioner role emerges, it is imperative that advanced practice nurses describe their contribution to health care. Associating advanced practice nursing activities with outcomes will help further characterize these 2 advanced practice roles.
authors.affiliation: University of Pittsburgh School of Nursing, and the Center for Research and Evidence-based Practice, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA.
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Mick
authors.forename: M H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Ackerman
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003422:Critical Care; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D016294:Models, Nursing; D009720:Nurse Clinicians; D009722:Nurse Practitioners; D009732:Nursing Care; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires