title: Intracoronary beta-irradiation with a liquid (188)re-filled balloon: six-month results from a clinical safety and feasibility study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Coronary irradiation is a new concept to reduce restenosis. We evaluated the feasibility and safety of intracoronary irradiation with a balloon catheter filled with (188)Re, a liquid, high-energy beta-emitter.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Irradiation with 15 Gy at 0.5-mm tissue depth was performed in 28 lesions after balloon dilation (n=9) or stenting (n=19). Lesions included 19 de novo stenoses, 4 occlusions, and 5 restenoses. Irradiation time was 515+/-199 seconds in 1 to 4 fractions. There were no procedural complications. One patient died of noncardiac causes at day 23. One asymptomatic patient refused 6-month angiography. Quantitative angiography after intervention showed a reference diameter of 2. 77+/-0.35 mm and a minimal lumen diameter of 2.36+/-0.43 mm. At 6-month follow-up, minimal lumen diameter was 1.45+/-0.88 mm (late loss index 0.57). Target lesion restenosis rate (>50% in diameter) was low (12%; 3 of 26). In addition, we observed 9 stenoses at the proximal or distal end of the irradiation zone, potentially caused by the short irradiation segment and the decreasing irradiation dose at its borders ("edge" stenoses). The total restenosis rate was 46% and was significantly lower (29% vs 70%, P=0.042) when the length of the irradiated segment was more than twice the lesion length.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Coronary irradiation with a (188)Re-filled balloon is technically feasible and safe, requiring only standard percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty techniques. The target lesion restenosis rate was low. The observed edge stenoses appear to be avoidable by increasing the length of the irradiated segment.
authors.affiliation: University of Ulm, Department of Cardiology, Ulm, Germany. martin.hoeher@medizin.uni-ulm.de
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Höher
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wöhrle
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wohlfrom
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hanke
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Voisard
authors.forename: H H
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Osterhues
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kochs
authors.forename: S N
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Reske
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Hombach
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kotzerke
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001610:Beta Particles; D002404:Catheterization / Q000295:instrumentation; D017023:Coronary Angiography; D003331:Coronary Vessels / Q000528:radiation effects*; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D017202:Myocardial Ischemia / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D011868:Radioisotopes / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011878:Radiotherapy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000295:instrumentation; D012008:Recurrence; D012211:Rhenium / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012449:Safety
chemical_list: D011868:Radioisotopes; D012211:Rhenium