title: Motor learning and Parkinson's disease: refinement of within-limb and between-limb coordination as a result of practice.
abstract: Even though the basal ganglia have been assigned a role in motor learning, few studies have addressed motor learning capabilities in Parkinson patients. In the present experiment, improvement of bimanual figure drawing across practice was compared between Parkinson patients and normal age-matched controls. At regular intervals during acquisition, performance was assessed under normal vision and blindfolded conditions. At initiation of practice, the typical signs associated with Parkinson's disease became evident, such as bradykinesia and hypometria. Moreover, reduced synchronization between the force-time specifications of both limbs was observed. When vision was withdrawn, Parkinson patients showed a larger drift of drawing performance across the workspace, indicative of a decline in proprioception. In spite of the aforementioned deficits, Parkinson patients made marked improvements in the speed of execution, the consistency of the spatial trajectories, and the synchronization between the limbs across practice, even though they never reached the performance levels obtained in elderly controls. The findings demonstrate that Parkinson patients do benefit from practice to refine their upper limb control and to alleviate their most basic motor deficits.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Motor Control, Department of Kinesiology F.L.O.K. Group Biomedical Sciences, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Tervuurse Vest 101, 3001, Heverlee, Belgium. stephan.swinnen@flok.kuleuven.ac.be
authors.forename: S P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Swinnen
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Steyvers
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Van Den Bergh
authors.forename: G E
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Stelmach
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001479:Basal Ganglia / Q000503:physiopathology; D001931:Brain Mapping; D005260:Female; D007839:Functional Laterality / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007699:Kinesthesis / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D011939:Mental Recall / Q000502:physiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D009048:Motor Skills / Q000502:physiology; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000534:rehabilitation; D011214:Practice, Psychological; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000502:physiology*; D011930:Reaction Time / Q000502:physiology; D012683:Sensory Deprivation / Q000502:physiology