title: Diamond-coated sonic tips are more efficient for open debridement of molar furcations. A comparative manikin study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of open debridement of class II and III furcations by a new diamond-coated sonic instrument tip (Sonicparo) with a conventional sonic insert (Sonicrecall) and hand instruments (Gracey curettes).
  
  
  METHODS
  Open debridement was simulated using a manikin head and standardised plastic teeth. The efficacy of debridement was examined by 3 parameters: residual root surface marker, 'tooth' weight loss and time taken for debridement. The teeth used were 1st and 2nd upper and lower molars. Upper left and lower right molars were chosen to represent class II furcation involvements and upper right and lower left molars class III furcation involvements. Each tooth was debrided 4 times with each instrument for both class of furcations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results of this study showed significantly less residual marker area comparing Sonicparo with Gracey curettes (mean difference 2.52 mm2, p<0.001). However, no significant differences in marker removal were observed between Sonicrecall inserts and the other instruments. Sonicparo inserts also took significantly less time to debride the furcation than Gracey curettes (mean difference 98.3 s, p<0.001) or Sonicrecall instruments (mean difference 74.3 s, p<0.001). However no significant differences were found between instruments concerning weight loss of the plastic teeth.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It was concluded from this in-vitro study that the Sonicparo insert was a more efficient instrument for open molar furcation debridement than Sonicrecall and hand instruments (Gracey curettes) when considering both marker removal and debridement time.
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology, Eastman Dental Institute for Oral Health Care Sciences, University College London, University of London, UK.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Auplish
authors.forename: I G
authors.initials: IG
authors.lastname: Needleman
authors.forename: D R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Moles
authors.forename: H N
authors.initials: HN
authors.lastname: Newman
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D003754:Dental High-Speed Equipment; D012534:Dental Scaling / Q000295:instrumentation*; D018130:Diamond; D005069:Evaluation Studies as Topic; D017823:Furcation Defects / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D008348:Manikins; D013010:Sonication / Q000295:instrumentation; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D018130:Diamond