title: Diabetes in urban African-Americans. XIX. Prediction of the need for pharmacological therapy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To develop a prediction rule that will identify patients who will require pharmacological therapy within 6 months of first presentation to a diabetes clinic.
  
  
  METHODS
  Among the patients who came to the Grady Diabetes Clinic between 1991 and 1997, we randomized 557 frequent attenders to a development group and 520 frequent attenders to a validation group. Using multiple logistical regression, we derived a prediction rule in the development group to project whether patients would require pharmacological intervention to achieve HbA1c levels <7% after 6 months. The utility of the prediction rule was then confirmed in the validation group and tested prospectively on an additional group of 93 patients who presented from 1997 to 1998. Performance of the prediction rule was assessed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The rule (-4.469 + 1.932 x sulfonylurea Rx + 1.334 x insulin Rx + 0.196 x duration + 0.468 x fasting glucose, where "Rx" indicates a prescription) predicted the need for pharmacological intervention in the development group (P < 0.0001). Use of insulin or sulfonylurea therapy at presentation, duration of diabetes, and fasting glucose levels were significant predictors of the future need for pharmacological management. The prediction rule also performed well in the validation group (positive predictive value 90%, correlation between predicted and observed need for medical management 0.99). ROC curves confirmed the value of the prediction rule (area under the curves was 0.91 for the development group, 0.85 for the validation group, and 0.81 for the prospective group).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Early identification of individuals who will require pharmacological intervention to achieve national standards for glycemic control can be achieved with high probability, thus allowing for more efficient management of diabetes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Thaler
authors.forename: D C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Ziemer
authors.forename: I M
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: El-Kebbi
authors.forename: D L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Gallina
authors.forename: C B
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Cook
authors.forename: L S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Phillips
mesh_terms: D001741:Black or African American; D044383:Black People; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy*; D005845:Georgia / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007328:Insulin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D011336:Probability; D011379:Prognosis; D012372:ROC Curve; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013453:Sulfonylurea Compounds / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013997:Time Factors; D014505:Urban Population / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*
chemical_list: D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007328:Insulin; D013453:Sulfonylurea Compounds