title: Six intestinal microflora-associated characteristics in sport horses.
abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate 6 microflora-associated characteristics (MACs) in faecal samples from horses and to compare the results with baselines previously established in other mammals. A MAC is defined as any anatomical structure, physiological, biochemical or immunological characteristic in a host, which has been acted on by microorganisms. When the active microbes are absent, as in germ-free animals and healthy newborn organisms, the corresponding characteristic is defined as germ-free animal characteristic (GAC). The MACs studied were degradation of mucin, conversion of cholesterol to coprostanol and bilirubin to urobilinogens, inactivation of tryptic activity, degradation of beta-aspartylglycine and excretion of short-chain fatty acids. Five MACs were studied in 19 sport horses and the mucin pattern investigated in 25 other sport horses. Our results show that conversion of cholesterol to coprostanol was present in all horses, irrespective of diet. All horses also demonstrated excretion of urobilinogens; however, the values varied depending on diet. Mucin and beta-aspartylglycine were totally degraded, as occurs similarly in other animal species. Excretion of short-chain fatty acids was lower than values previously found in man, rats and pigs, and the level of faecal tryptic activity was low. Our results show that the MAC/GAC concept is as good in monogastric herbivores as in omnivores for investigations of endogenous and exogenous factors influencing the intestinal ecosystem(s). Therefore, use of the MAC/GAC concept has a potential significance for future studies on functions related to the microflora.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Collinder
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lindholm
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Midtvedt
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Norin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001663:Bilirubin / Q000378:metabolism; D002417:Cattle; D004083:Cholestanol / Q000032:analysis; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000378:metabolism; D002849:Chromatography, Gas / Q000662:veterinary; D004151:Dipeptides / Q000032:analysis; D004587:Electrophoresis, Agar Gel / Q000662:veterinary; D004590:Electrophoresis, Paper / Q000662:veterinary; D005232:Fatty Acids, Volatile / Q000032:analysis; D005243:Feces / Q000737:chemistry / Q000382:microbiology*; D006023:Glycoproteins / Q000032:analysis; D006736:Horses / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology*; D006801:Humans; D009077:Mucins / Q000378:metabolism; D010805:Physical Conditioning, Animal; D051381:Rats; D013047:Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms; D013552:Swine; D014357:Trypsin / Q000737:chemistry; D014558:Urobilinogen / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D004151:Dipeptides; D005232:Fatty Acids, Volatile; D006023:Glycoproteins; D009077:Mucins; D014558:Urobilinogen; C018459:beta-aspartylglycine; D004083:Cholestanol; D002784:Cholesterol; D014357:Trypsin; D001663:Bilirubin