title: Distress vocalizations in maternally separated mouse pups: modulation via 5-HT(1A), 5-HT(1B) and GABA(A) receptors.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Young rodents emit ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs) when separated from their dams and littermates. Pharmacological agents that act on GABA(A) and/or 5-HT receptors and that alleviate anxiety in humans reduce the emission of these calls.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  1) to investigate specific 5-HT1 receptor subtypes that modulate maternal separation-induced USVs in mice; 2) to assess the behavioral specificity of these effects; and 3) to compare 5-HT1 agonists with a positive neurosteroid modulator of the GABA(A) receptor complex.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seven-day old CFW mouse pups were isolated from their littermates and placed onto a 20 degrees C surface for 4 min. USVs between 30 and 80 kHz, grid crossing, and rectal temperature were measured in separate groups of mouse pups following subcutaneous administration of 5-HT1A and 5-HT1B receptor agonists and antagonists, the neurosteroid allopregnanolone, or the benzodiazepine midazolam.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The 5-HT1A agonists (+)8-OH-DPAT (0.01-0.1 mg/kg) and flesinoxan (0.3-1.0 mg/kg), the selective 5-HT1B agonist CP-94,253 (0.03-30.0 mg/kg), and the mixed 5-HT1B/2C receptor agonist TFMPP (0.1-10.0 mg/kg) dose-dependently reduced USVs. These effects were reversed by the 5-HT1A receptor antagonist WAY 100,635 (0.1 mg/kg) or the 5-HT1B/D receptor antagonist GR 127935 (0.1 mg/kg). The effects of TFMPP were biphasic; low doses (i.e. 0.01 and 0.03 mg/kg) increased the rate of vocalization. Midazolam and allopregnanolone also reduced USVs. The highest doses of flesinoxan, (+)8-OH-DPAT, and allopregnanolone suppressed locomotion, whereas CP-94,253, TFMPP, and midazolam stimulated motor activity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These experiments confirm that agonists at the 5-HT1 receptors and a positive allosteric modulator of the GABA(A) receptor complex decrease maternal separation-induced USVs in mice, with 5-HT1B manipulations dissociating the effects on vocalizations from sedative effects.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts, USA.
authors.forename: E W
authors.initials: EW
authors.lastname: Fish
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sekinda
authors.forename: P F
authors.initials: PF
authors.lastname: Ferrari
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dirks
authors.forename: K A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Miczek
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D004353:Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; D005260:Female; D018757:GABA Modulators / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D008426:Maternal Deprivation; D051379:Mice; D044302:Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT1B; D011963:Receptors, GABA-A / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D011985:Receptors, Serotonin / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D044263:Receptors, Serotonin, 5-HT1; D017366:Serotonin Receptor Agonists / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014465:Ultrasonics; D014828:Vocalization, Animal / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D018757:GABA Modulators; D044302:Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT1B; D011963:Receptors, GABA-A; D011985:Receptors, Serotonin; D044263:Receptors, Serotonin, 5-HT1; D017366:Serotonin Receptor Agonists