title: Endoscopic sclerotherapy plus propranolol versus propranolol alone in the primary prevention of bleeding in high risk cirrhotic patients with esophageal varices: a prospective multicenter randomized trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Analysis of primary prevention studies of the use of beta-blockers has shown clear reductions in variceal bleeding in cirrhotic patients with varices. In contrast, the usefulness of prophylactic endoscopic sclerotherapy, alone or in combination with propranolol, in the management of these patients is still under investigation. The present study compared the efficacy of combined sclerotherapy and propranolol versus propranolol alone in the primary prevention of hemorrhage in cirrhotic patients with varices and high (greater than 18 mm Hg) intraesophageal variceal pressure.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients were randomly assigned to propranolol (42 patients) or to propranolol plus sclerotherapy (44 patients). The mean duration of follow-up was 26.8 +/- 7.7 and 24.6 +/- 9.8 months, respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During this period 23% of the patients in the combination group experienced at least 1 episode of bleeding due to varices or congestive gastropathy as compared with 14% in the propranolol group (not significant). Twenty-three patients (52%) in the combination group developed complications as compared with 8 (19%) in the propranolol group (p = 0.002). The mortality rate was similar in both groups (14% and 18%, respectively). The only independent factor predictive of survival was the level of serum albumin.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Endoscopic sclerotherapy should not be used for the primary prevention of hemorrhage in cirrhotic patients at high risk of variceal bleeding who are undergoing treatment with propranolol.
authors.affiliation: 2nd Department of Gastroenterology and 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Athens University, Evangelismos Hospital, Greece.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Avgerinos
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Armonis
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Manolakopoulos
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Rekoumis
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Argirakis
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Viazis
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vlachogiannakos
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Adamopoulos
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kanaghinis
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Raptis
mesh_terms: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004932:Esophageal and Gastric Varices / Q000150:complications*; D004945:Esophagoscopy; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006471:Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage / Q000401:mortality / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006801:Humans; D008103:Liver Cirrhosis / Q000150:complications*; D008297:Male; D008365:Manometry; D008875:Middle Aged; D010349:Patient Compliance; D011433:Propranolol / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D015911:Sclerotherapy / Q000379:methods*; D015996:Survival Rate
chemical_list: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; D011433:Propranolol