title: Structural displacements in normal swallowing: a videofluoroscopic study.
abstract: Dynamic videofluoroscopic swallow studies were performed on 60 normal adult volunteers to establish normative data for displacement of upper aerodigestive tract structures during deglutition. Variables evaluated included hyoid bone displacement, larynx-to-hyoid bone approximation, pharyngeal constriction, and the extent of pharyngoesophageal sphincter (PES) opening during liquid swallows of 1, 3, and 20 cc. Results showed direct relationships between bolus size and hyoid displacement, between bolus size and PES opening, and between bolus size and pharyngeal constriction. Only hyoid-to-larynx approximation remained unchanged across bolus sizes. Sex differences were noted for all variables except PES opening. Reliability for most measurement variables was excellent. To our knowledge, normative data for pharyngeal constriction and larynx-to-hyoid approximation have not previously been described.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, University of California at Davis Medical School/Center, Sacramento, California 95817, USA.
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Leonard
authors.forename: K A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Kendall
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: McKenzie
authors.forename: M I
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Gonçalves
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Walker
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003679:Deglutition / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D005471:Fluoroscopy / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged