title: Economic incentives for rain forest conservation across scales.
abstract: Globally, tropical deforestation releases 20 to 30% of anthropogenic greenhouse gases. Conserving forests could reduce emissions, but the cost-effectiveness of this mechanism for mitigation depends on the associated opportunity costs. We estimated these costs from local, national, and global perspectives using a case study from Madagascar. Conservation generated significant benefits over logging and agriculture locally and globally. Nationally, however, financial benefits from industrial logging were larger than conservation benefits. Such differing economic signals across scales may exacerbate tropical deforestation. The Kyoto Protocol could potentially overcome this obstacle to conservation by creating markets for protection of tropical forests to mitigate climate change.
authors.affiliation: Center for Conservation Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. ckremen@stanford.edu
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kremen
authors.forename: J O
authors.initials: JO
authors.lastname: Niles
authors.forename: M G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Dalton
authors.forename: G C
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Daily
authors.forename: P R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Ehrlich
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Fay
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Grewal
authors.forename: R P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Guillery
mesh_terms: D000383:Agriculture; D002244:Carbon; D003247:Conservation of Natural Resources / Q000191:economics*; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D019049:Developed Countries; D003906:Developing Countries; D017753:Ecosystem; D017752:Greenhouse Effect; D007221:Industry; D008270:Madagascar; D014197:Trees
chemical_list: D002244:Carbon