title: Effect of operative volume on morbidity, mortality, and hospital use after esophagectomy for cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We sought to evaluate the effect of operative volume, hospital size, and cancer specialization on morbidity, mortality, and hospital use after esophagectomy for cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data derived from the Health Care Utilization Project was used to evaluate all Medicare-reimbursed esophagectomies for treatment of cancer from 1994 to 1996 in 13 national cancer institutions and 88 community hospitals. The complications of care, length of stay, hospital charges, and mortality were assessed according to hospital size (>/=600 beds vs <600 beds), cancer specialization (national cancer institution vs community hospital), and operative volume (esophageal [>/=5 Medicare esophagectomies per year vs <5 Medicare esophagectomies per year] and nonesophageal operations [>/=3333 cases per year vs <3333 cases per year]).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mortality was lower in national cancer institution hospitals (4.2% [confidence interval, 2.0%-6.4%] vs 13.3% [confidence interval, 4.2%-26.2%], P =. 05) and in hospitals performing a large number of esophagectomies (3. 0% [confidence interval, 0.09%-5.1%] vs 12.2% [confidence interval, 4.5%-19.8%], P <.05). Multivariate analysis revealed that the independent risk factor for operative mortality was the volume of esophagectomies performed (odds ratio, 3.97; P =.03) and not the number of nonesophageal operations, hospital size, or cancer specialization. Hospitals performing a large number of esophagectomies also showed a tendency toward decreased complications (55% vs 68%, P =.06), decreased length of stay (14.7 days vs 17.7 days, P =.006), and decreased charges ($39,867 vs $62, 094, P <.005).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results demonstrate improved outcomes and decreased hospital use in hospitals that perform a large number of esophagectomies and support the concept of tertiary referral centers for such complex oncologic procedures as esophagectomies.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Medical Informatics, Gastrointestinal Oncology, and Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA. sswisher@mdanderson.org
authors.forename: S G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Swisher
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Deford
authors.forename: K W
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Merriman
authors.forename: G L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Walsh
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Smythe
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vaporicyan
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Ajani
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Komaki
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Roth
authors.forename: J B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Putnam
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*; D016629:Esophagectomy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000401:mortality* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006742:Hospital Bed Capacity; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010359:Patient Readmission / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology*