title: Prediction and timing of tracheostomy in patients with infratentorial lesions requiring mechanical ventilatory support.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the frequency and predictors of successful extubations and tracheostomy in patients with infratentorial lesions requiring mechanical ventilation and to determine the optimal time for tracheostomy based on probability of successful extubation and in-hospital survival according to the duration of translaryngeal intubation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective chart review.
  
  
  METHODS
  A neurocritical care unit at a university hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 69 patients with infratentorial lesions who were mechanically ventilated during their intensive care unit stay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 69 patients who were mechanically ventilated, 23 (33%) were successfully extubated. In logistic regression analysis, both the presence of a Glasgow Coma Scale score >7 at time of intubation (odds ratio, 4.8; 95% confidence interval, 1.2-21.7) and the absence of brainstem deficits (odds ratio, 4.3; 95% confidence interval, 1.3-16.7), were independently associated with successful extubation. After extubation, 11 patients were reintubated; seven were reintubated within the same day because of poor control over secretions, airway spasm, or hypoventilation. Tracheostomy was performed in 23 (33%) patients, of whom 19 were successfully weaned off mechanical ventilatory support over a mean period of 3.7+/-4.0 days after tracheostomy. Patients undergoing tracheostomy had a significantly longer intensive care unit stay (19.1+/-9.0 vs. 8.7+/-6.6 days, p < .01) and total hospital stay (34.8+/-18.7 vs. 20.1+/-9.9 days, p < .01) compared with patients who were successfully extubated. The probability of successful extubation or death before extubation or tracheostomy was 67% on the day of intubation, which decreased to 5.8% after translaryngeal intubation for >8 days.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  An aggressive policy toward tracheostomy is justified based on the low frequency of successful extubations and high frequency of extubation failures and tracheostomies in patients with infratentorial lesions. The decision regarding tracheostomy should be made on day 8 of mechanical ventilatory support because of the low probability of subsequent extubation or in-hospital death.
authors.affiliation: Division of Neurosciences Critical Care, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD, USA.
authors.forename: A I
authors.initials: AI
authors.lastname: Qureshi
authors.forename: J I
authors.initials: JI
authors.lastname: Suarez
authors.forename: P D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Parekh
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bhardwaj
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001927:Brain Diseases / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy*; D003422:Critical Care; D005260:Female; D017052:Hospital Mortality; D006801:Humans; D015192:Infratentorial Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy*; D007902:Length of Stay / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy*; D012131:Respiratory Insufficiency / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016019:Survival Analysis; D014139:Tracheostomy; D015300:Ventilator Weaning