title: Heterogenous effects of anthraquinones on drug-metabolizing enzymes in the liver and small intestine of rat.
abstract: The induction of a variety of drug-metabolizing enzymes by six anthraquinones (AQs) has been investigated in the liver and small intestine of rat. In the liver, the intragastric administration for 3 days of 100 mg/kg 9,10-anthraquinone (9,10-AQ). 1-hydroxy-AQ, 1,4-dihydroxy-AQ, but not 1,2-dihydroxy-AQ and 2-carboxy-AQ, resulted in a significant induction of the UDP-GT, DT-diaphorase, P450 1A-linked monooxygenase activities and in particular the methoxyresorufin-O-demethylase (MEROD), an activity dependent on P450 1A2. Immunoblot analysis indicated that 1-hydroxy-AQ and 1,4-dihydroxy-AQ induced P450 1A2 but not 1A1 and 9,10-AQ induced both P4501A2 and P4502B. Northern blotanalysis, using a cDNA probe for CYP 1A1 and CYP 1A2, confirmed that the AQs induce CYP 1A2 but not 1A1 mRNA. In the mucosa of small intestine, none of the above-mentioned enzymatic activities were enhanced following AQ administration. The induction mechanism of the hepatic enzymes by AQs is not known and it deserves a further study as it might be independent from the activation of the Ah-receptor as reported for other tricyclic compounds. The results from inhibition experiments showed that the hydroxylated AQs were strong inhibitors of P450 1A2-dependent monooxygenases. This suggests that long-term ingestion of certain AQs, may affect the toxicity of other components present in the diet through the hepatic induction or inhibition of P450 1A2.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Genetic and Biochemical Toxicology, Istituto di Mutagenesi e Differenziamento del CNR, Pisa, Italy.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Longo
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Amato
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Salvetti
authors.forename: P G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Gervasi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000880:Anthraquinones / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019363:Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1 / Q000378:metabolism; D019388:Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A2 / Q000378:metabolism; D014453:Glucuronosyltransferase / Q000378:metabolism; D005982:Glutathione Transferase / Q000378:metabolism; D015151:Immunoblotting; D007421:Intestine, Small / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology; D008297:Male; D016660:NAD(P)H Dehydrogenase (Quinone) / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley
chemical_list: D000880:Anthraquinones; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D019363:Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1; D019388:Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A2; D016660:NAD(P)H Dehydrogenase (Quinone); C122075:UDP-glucuronosyltransferase, UGT1A3; D014453:Glucuronosyltransferase; D005982:Glutathione Transferase