title: An abnormal response of retinoblastoma cells (Y-79) to neurotrophins.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To clarify the expression of neurotrophins and their receptors in retinoblastoma (Rb) cells, to elucidate their potential role in the proliferation of neuroectodermal tumor cells, and to establish conditions for Rb cell differentiation.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Rb-derived cell line Y-79 was grown in serum-free suspension or monolayer culture. Proliferating and differentiated cells were isolated and submitted to semiquantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis, immunostaining, and flow cytometry. The proliferation rate of the cells was estimated by 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation, and the effects of neurotrophins and laminin on BrdU-incorporation, process outgrowth, or immunostaining were determined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In contrast to previously studied normal retinal precursor cells, Y-79 cells not only express nerve growth factor (NGF), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), neurotrophin-3 (NT-3), and p75, but also the corresponding high affinity receptors TrkA, TrkB, and TrkC. Proliferation was stimulated by exogenous and endogenous neurotrophin receptor ligands. Inhibition of protein kinase phosphorylation with K252a blocked proliferation and promoted differentiation. The effect of K252a on differentiation was enhanced by the addition of soluble laminin. After 9 days of combined treatment, the fraction of differentiated cells amounted to 30%, differentiation being characterized by improved attachment, neurite outgrowth, expression of NF-68, and a loss of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and parvalbumin immunoreactivity. These changes were accompanied by a downregulation of TrkB and TrkC, but not TrkA or p75. Differentiated cells were isolated and further grown in the absence of K252a. However, despite the high level of TrkA expression in differentiated cells, the addition of NGF had no effect on their survival.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A mitogenic action of neurotrophins could contribute to retinal tumor growth.
authors.affiliation: Department of Developmental Physiology, Medical Faculty (Charité), Humboldt University Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Wagner
authors.forename: K D
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Wagner
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sefton
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rodríguez-Tébar
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Grantyn
mesh_terms: D002227:Carbazoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects*; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects*; D017931:DNA Primers / Q000737:chemistry; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm / Q000096:biosynthesis; D015536:Down-Regulation; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D005904:Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D026121:Indole Alkaloids; D009414:Nerve Growth Factors / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011493:Protein Kinase C / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis; D017475:Receptors, Nerve Growth Factor / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D019572:Retinal Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D012175:Retinoblastoma / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D002227:Carbazoles; D017931:DNA Primers; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D005904:Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein; D026121:Indole Alkaloids; D009414:Nerve Growth Factors; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D017475:Receptors, Nerve Growth Factor; C049985:staurosporine aglycone; D011493:Protein Kinase C