title: Role of the forebrain in bladder overactivity following cerebral infarction in the rat.
abstract: This study was undertaken to investigate the contribution of the forebrain to bladder overactivity induced by cerebral infarction (CI). CI was induced by left middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion in female SD rat. Two and a half hours after CI or a sham operation (SO) decerebration was performed in some animals to eliminate forebrain influences on voiding function. Then bladder activity was monitored during continuous infusion cystometrograms in awake rats for 2.5 h. The effects of cumulative intravenous doses of MK-801 (0.1-1.4 mg/kg), an NMDA (N-methyl-D-aspartate) glutamatergic receptor antagonist, or sulpiride (0.1-41.1 mg/kg), D(2) selective dopaminergic receptor antagonists were studied over a 1.5-h period beginning 5 h after MCA occlusion. Bladder capacity was reduced by 57.5% after CI. In CI rats decerebration increased bladder capacity by 62.5% of predecerebration capacity. In SO rats bladder capacity was reduced by 25% after decerebration. MK-801 (0.4 and 1.4 mg/kg) increased bladder capacity in CI and CI-decerebrate rats, but did not change bladder capacity in SO-decerebrate rats. MK-801 decreased (60.7%) bladder capacity in SO-nondecerebrate rats. Sulpiride (11.1 and 41.1 mg/kg) significantly increased bladder capacity in CI, CI-decerebrate, and SO-decerebrate rats, but had no effect in SO-nondecerebrate rats. These results indicate that CI-induced decrease in bladder capacity is mediated by two mechanisms: (1) upregulation of an excitatory pathway from the forebrain, an effect blocked by decerebration and (2) downregulation of a tonic inhibitory pathway from the forebrain. The latter effect which can be induced by decerebration as well as CI unmasks a D(2) dopaminergic excitatory mechanism. An NMDA excitatory mechanism also contributes to the bladder overactivity after CI, but not after decerebration.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, USA.
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Yokoyama
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yoshiyama
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Namiki
authors.forename: W C
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: de Groat
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003655:Decerebrate State / Q000503:physiopathology; D016291:Dizocilpine Maleate / Q000009:adverse effects; D018492:Dopamine Antagonists / Q000009:adverse effects; D018691:Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists / Q000009:adverse effects; D005260:Female; D020244:Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology*; D016548:Prosencephalon / Q000293:injuries / Q000502:physiology*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013469:Sulpiride / Q000009:adverse effects; D001750:Urinary Bladder, Neurogenic / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D014549:Urinary Incontinence / Q000209:etiology
chemical_list: D018492:Dopamine Antagonists; D018691:Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; D016291:Dizocilpine Maleate; D013469:Sulpiride