title: Intensity modulated photon beams subject to a minimal surface smoothing constraint.
abstract: A method to smooth intensity-modulated photon beams is presented which can be applied in conjunction with any optimization algorithm. The method employs an additional soft constraint to minimize the area of the surface defined by the photon fluence.
authors.affiliation: Abt. Medizinische Physik, Radiologische Uniklinik, Universität Tübingen, Germany.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Alber
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Nüsslin
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D055592:Biophysical Phenomena; D001703:Biophysics; D006801:Humans; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000532:radiotherapy; D017785:Photons / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011880:Radiotherapy Planning, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D020266:Radiotherapy, Conformal / Q000379:methods* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data