title: Abdominal muscle response during curl-ups on both stable and labile surfaces.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  With the current interest in stability training for the injured low back, the use of labile (movable) surfaces, underneath the subject, to challenge the motor control system is becoming more popular. Little is known about the modulating effects of these surfaces on muscle activity. The purpose of this study was to establish the degree of modulating influence of the type of surface (whether stable or labile) on the mechanics of the abdominal wall. In this study, the amplitude of muscle activity together with the way that the muscles coactivated due to the type of surface under the subject were of interest.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eight men (mean age=23.3 years [SD=4.3], mean height=177.6 cm [SD=3.4], mean weight=72.6 kg [SD=8.7]) volunteered to participate in the study. All subjects were in good health and reported no incidence of acute or chronic low back injury or prolonged back pain prior to this experiment.
  
  
  METHODS
  All subjects were requested to perform 4 different curl-up exercises-1 on a stable surface and the other 3 on varying labile surfaces. Electromyographic signals were recorded from 4 different abdominal sites on the right and left sides of the body and normalized to maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) amplitudes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Performing curl-up exercises on labile surfaces increased abdominal muscle activity (eg, for curl-up on a stable surface, rectus abdominis muscle activity was 21% of MVC and external oblique muscle activity was 5% of MVC; for curl-up with the upper torso on a labile ball, rectus abdominis muscle activity was 35% of MVC and external oblique muscle activity was 10% of MVC). Furthermore, it appears that increases in external oblique muscle activity were larger than those of other abdominal muscles.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Performing curl-ups on labile surfaces changes both the level of muscle activity and the way that the muscles coactivate to stabilize the spine and the whole body. This finding suggests a much higher demand on the motor control system, which may be desirable for specific stages in a rehabilitation program.
authors.affiliation: Department of Morphological Science, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, University of Valencia, 46015, Valencia, Spain.
authors.forename: F J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Vera-Garcia
authors.forename: S G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Grenier
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: McGill
mesh_terms: D000009:Abdominal Muscles; D000328:Adult; D019567:Back Injuries / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D004576:Electromyography; D005081:Exercise Therapy; D006801:Humans; D007537:Isometric Contraction; D017116:Low Back Pain / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D008297:Male