title: Detection of chlamydial antigenic material in ovarian, prostatic, ectopic pregnancy and semen samples of culture-negative subjects.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The pathogenesis of long-term sequelae in Chlamydia trachomatis infection is poorly understood. While serology indicates previous chlamydial infection, culture studies are frequently negative. We wanted to know whether in chronic cases the bacterium is absent or persists in a dormant state where it evades detection.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using immunoperoxidase (IP) staining and in situ hybridization (ISH), we examined tissues of culture-negative subjects. Ovarian biopsy specimens from 19 culture-negative women with pelvic adhesions and/or tubal infertility were analyzed by both methods. Samples of prostates from 10 culture-negative men undergoing prostatectomy for benign hypertrophy, two sets of semen samples from culture-negative sexual partners of 28 women with PID and/or bacterial vaginosis (BV), and ten endometrium-tube sample-pairs from ectopic pregnancies (EPs) were examined by IP only.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seven of the nineteen ovarian specimens tested positive for Chlamydia antigen or deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) (36%). Of the 10 hypertrophic prostates examined, 4 (40%) were positive. Of the 28 semen samples examined, 10 (35%) tested positive. Tissue samples of 3 cases of EP were positive by IP.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  1. C. trachomatis antigen and nucleic acid can be frequently demonstrated in asymptomatic, culture-negative men and women with chronic infection. 2. Chlamydia antigens may have an etiologic role in benign prostate hypertrophy and EP. 3. Antigenic material may be sexually transmissible. 4. IP and ISH identify temporarily inactive bacteria that may continue to act as immunostimulants and potentially reactivate as Chlamydia infection.
authors.affiliation: Department of OB-GYN and Pathology, Cornell University Medical College New York, New York, USA.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Toth
authors.forename: D L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Patton
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Campbell
authors.forename: E I
authors.initials: EI
authors.lastname: Carretta
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mouradian
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Toth
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shevchuk
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Baergen
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Ledger
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000942:Antigens, Bacterial / Q000032:analysis*; D001431:Bacteriological Techniques; D001706:Biopsy; D002690:Chlamydia Infections / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000382:microbiology; D002692:Chlamydia trachomatis / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development / Q000276:immunology / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000302:isolation & purification; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D017403:In Situ Hybridization; D007247:Infertility, Female / Q000382:microbiology; D008297:Male; D010053:Ovary / Q000382:microbiology*; D000292:Pelvic Inflammatory Disease / Q000382:microbiology; D011247:Pregnancy; D011271:Pregnancy, Ectopic / Q000382:microbiology*; D011467:Prostate / Q000382:microbiology*; D011470:Prostatic Hyperplasia / Q000382:microbiology*; D012661:Semen / Q000382:microbiology*; D016585:Vaginosis, Bacterial / Q000382:microbiology
chemical_list: D000942:Antigens, Bacterial; D004269:DNA, Bacterial