title: Three-dimensional computer morphometry of the maxilla and face in infants with Pierre Robin sequence--a comparative study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To analyze the morphology of the maxillary crest in infants with Pierre Robin sequence using an anthropometric coordinate system and to compare the data with those of healthy infants.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was performed at a craniofacial center servicing a large geographic area.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study involved eight infants aged 1-28 days (average, 7 days) with an established diagnosis of Pierre Robin sequence and six healthy infants aged 1-43 days (average, 22 days).
  
  
  METHODS
  Physical models of the maxilla and face obtained by alginate replication were analyzed by computer morphometry yielding the three-dimensional topology of the maxillary crest.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The maxillary crest of children with Pierre Robin sequence shows an increased inclination relative to the transverse plane (30 +/- 3.9 degrees) as compared with that of healthy infants (20 +/- 2.9 degrees). The maxillary crest of the patients is shortened in the sagittal direction by comparison with healthy controls.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The increased inclination of the maxilla in infants with Pierre Robin sequence may aggravate the retroposition of the mandible and may thus be a pathogenetic factor contributing to the severe respiratory problems.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Center of Craniofacial Disorders at the University of Tübingen, Federal Republic of Germany.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bacher
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Bacher
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Göz
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Pham
authors.forename: C P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Cornelius
authors.forename: C P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Speer
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Goelz
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Arand
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Wendling
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Buchner
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bacher
mesh_terms: D000464:Alginates; D000886:Anthropometry; D003196:Computer Graphics; D003198:Computer Simulation; D005145:Face / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D008437:Maxilla / Q000473:pathology*; D008953:Models, Anatomic; D010855:Pierre Robin Syndrome / Q000473:pathology*
chemical_list: D000464:Alginates