title: Analysis of Nedd4 expression during skeletal development in the mouse limb.
abstract: Nedd4, a ubiquitin-protein ligase, was originally identified as being down-regulated during development of the mouse brain (Nedd denotes neural precursor cell expressed developmentally down-regulated) (Kumar, S., Tomooka, Y., Noda, M., 1992. Identification of a set of genes with developmentally down-regulated expression in the mouse brain. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 185, 1155-1161). Subtractive hybridization was used in an attempt to identify genes that are preferentially expressed early in skeletogenesis. Using this technique Nedd4 was identified multiple times. Northern blot analysis confirmed that Nedd4 is down-regulated in the forelimb and hind limb. In situ hybridization was carried out to identify regions of the limb bud expressing Nedd4. Nedd4 is expressed weakly in condensing mesenchyme, and abundantly in proliferating and prehypertrophic chondrocytes, but is undetectable in hypertrophic chondrocytes. Primary cultures, which closely mimic in vivo chondrogenesis, were also used to demonstrate the stage-specific expression of Nedd4 during early skeletal development.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada.
authors.forename: A D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Weston
authors.forename: T M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Underhill
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002135:Calcium-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D002356:Cartilage / Q000196:embryology / Q000378:metabolism; D019902:Chondrocytes / Q000378:metabolism; D056827:Endosomal Sorting Complexes Required for Transport; D005121:Extremities / Q000196:embryology*; D005260:Female; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D017403:In Situ Hybridization / Q000379:methods; D008025:Ligases / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D018878:Limb Buds / Q000502:physiology*; D051379:Mice; D008815:Mice, Inbred Strains; D000075702:Nedd4 Ubiquitin Protein Ligases; D009924:Organ Culture Techniques; D044767:Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases
chemical_list: D002135:Calcium-Binding Proteins; D056827:Endosomal Sorting Complexes Required for Transport; D000075702:Nedd4 Ubiquitin Protein Ligases; C000618461:Nedd4l protein, mouse; D044767:Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases; D008025:Ligases