title: Nocturnal blood pressure and 24-hour pulse pressure are potent indicators of mortality in hemodialysis patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cardiovascular (CV) complications are the leading cause of mortality in hemodialysis patients. The role of arterial hypertension on the prognosis of CV in hemodialysis patients is not as clear as in the general population. The purpose of this study was to investigate the prognostic role of ambulatory blood pressure (BP) on CV mortality in treated hypertensive hemodialysis patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-seven treated hypertensive hemodialysis patients (56.87 +/- 16.22 years, 30 men) were prospectively studied. All patients initially underwent an ambulatory BP monitoring between two dialysis sessions. The outcome event studied was CV death; kidney transplantation and deaths not related to CV disease were censored.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The duration of follow-up was 34.4 +/- 20.39 months, during which 10 CV and 8 non-CV fatal events occurred. In the 10 patients who died from CV complications, age, previous CV events, ambulatory systolic BP, ambulatory pulse pressure (PP), and life-long smoking level were significantly higher, and the office diastolic BP was lower at the time of inclusion than in those who did not die from CV complications (N = 47). Based on Cox analysis and after adjustment for age, sex, and previous CV events, a low office diastolic BP [relative risk (RR) 0.49, 95% CI, 0.25 to 0.93, P = 0.03], an elevated 24-hour PP (RR 1.85, 95% CI, 1.28 to 2.65, P = 0.009), and an elevated nocturnal systolic BP (RR 1.41, 95% CI, 1.08 to 1.84, P = 0.01) were predictors of CV mortality (RR associated with a 10 mm Hg increase in BP and in PP).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study demonstrates that nocturnal BP and 24-hour PP are independent predictors of CV mortality in treated hypertensive hemodialysis patients. Randomized trials are needed to investigate whether nocturnal BP and 24-hour PP are superior to office BP as targets for antihypertensive therapy in this high-risk group.
authors.affiliation: Service de Médecine Interne et d'Hypertension Artérielle and Service de Néphrologie et d'Hémodialyse, CHU Purpan; and Département d'Epidémiologie, d'Economie de la Santé et de Santé Communautaire, Toulouse, France.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Amar
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Vernier
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Rossignol
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Bongard
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Arnaud
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Conte
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Salvador
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Chamontin
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001794:Blood Pressure; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000401:mortality*; D002940:Circadian Rhythm; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D011674:Pulse; D006435:Renal Dialysis
chemical_list: D000959:Antihypertensive Agents