title: Recombinant human relaxin in the treatment of scleroderma. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Relaxin is a pregnancy-related hormone that has tissue remodeling and antifibrotic effects. Systemic sclerosis (scleroderma) is characterized by fibrosis of the skin, vasculature, and internal organs.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To assess the efficacy, safety, and dose-response effect of recombinant human relaxin in patients with scleroderma.
  
  
  METHODS
  Multicenter, parallel-group, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  Academic referral centers.
  
  
  METHODS
  68 patients who had had stable, diffuse scleroderma (moderate to severe) for less than 5 years.
  
  
  METHODS
  Recombinant human relaxin, 25 or 100 microg/kg of body weight per day, or placebo administered by continuous subcutaneous infusion over 24 weeks.
  
  
  METHODS
  Modified Rodnan skin score was the primary efficacy measure. Secondary measurements were pulmonary function, the Health Assessment Questionnaire, and other measures of scleroderma that reflected fibrosis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients who received 25 microg/kg of recombinant human relaxin per day had significantly lower skin scores than those who received placebo (mean change, -3.6 at 4 weeks [P = 0.021], -7.5 at 12 weeks [P < 0.001], and -8.7 at 24 weeks [P = 0.040]). Similar trends were noted in other outcome measures, including forced vital capacity, measures of oral aperture and hand extension, functional status, and global assessment. Patients who received 100 microg/kg of relaxin per day did not differ from those who received placebo. Drug-related adverse events included menometrorrhagia, reversible anemia, and complications of the subcutaneous drug administration system (site irritation and local infection).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Twenty-four weeks of recombinant human relaxin, 25 microg/kg per day, is associated with reduced skin thickening, improved mobility, and improved function in patients with moderate to severe diffuse scleroderma.
authors.affiliation: University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick 08903-0019, USA.
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Seibold
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Korn
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Simms
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Clements
authors.forename: L W
authors.initials: LW
authors.lastname: Moreland
authors.forename: M D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Mayes
authors.forename: D E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Furst
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Rothfield
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Steen
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Weisman
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Collier
authors.forename: F M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Wigley
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Merkel
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Csuka
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Hsu
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rocco
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Erikson
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hannigan
authors.forename: W S
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Harkonen
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Sanders
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000740:Anemia / Q000139:chemically induced; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D003875:Drug Eruptions / Q000209:etiology; D005076:Exanthema / Q000139:chemically induced; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008595:Menorrhagia / Q000139:chemically induced; D008875:Middle Aged; D010919:Placebos; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D012065:Relaxin / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D012595:Scleroderma, Systemic / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D010919:Placebos; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D012065:Relaxin