title: Secreted and membrane-associated matrix metalloproteinases of IL-2-activated NK cells and their inhibitors.
abstract: We have previously documented that rat IL-2-activated NK (A-NK) cells produce matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and MMP-9. In this study, we describe mouse A-NK cell-derived MMPs, including MT-MMPs, and also TIMPs. RT-PCR analysis from cDNA of mouse A-NK cells revealed mRNA for MMP-2, MMP-9, MMP-11, MMP-13, MT1-MMP, MT2-MMP, TIMP-1, and TIMP-2. MMP-2 and MMP-9 expression was confirmed by gelatin zymography. Moreover, we report for the first time that MT-MMPs are expressed by NK cells, i.e., large granular lymphocytes as determined by both RT-PCR and Western blots. TIMP-1 expression was detected as a 29-kDa protein in Western blots. It is intriguing that TIMP-2 protein from A-NK cells was also detected as a 29-kDa protein, which is clearly different from the previously reported molecular mass of 21 kDa in mouse and human cells. In addition, inhibition of MMPs by BB-94, a selective inhibitor of MMP, significantly inhibited the ability of mouse A-NK cells to migrate through Matrigel, a model basement membrane. Taken together, these findings suggest that A-NK cells may therefore use multiple MMPs in various cellular functions, including degradation of various extracellular matrix molecules as they extravasate from blood vessels and accumulate within cancer metastases following their adoptive transfer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biology and Immunology, University of North Texas Health Science Center at Fort Worth and Institute for Cancer Research, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA.
authors.forename: M H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: R P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Kitson
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Albertsson
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Nannmark
authors.forename: P H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Basse
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Kuppen
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Hokland
authors.forename: R H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Goldfarb
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000201:enzymology / Q000276:immunology; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000276:immunology; D002474:Cell-Free System / Q000201:enzymology / Q000276:immunology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D018076:DNA, Complementary / Q000032:analysis; D015194:Diffusion Chambers, Culture; D004591:Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000502:physiology*; D007694:Killer Cells, Natural / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000276:immunology*; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation; D061965:Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors; D020782:Matrix Metalloproteinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000378:metabolism*; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D019714:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinases / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D018076:DNA, Complementary; D007376:Interleukin-2; D061965:Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D019714:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinases; D020782:Matrix Metalloproteinases