title: Association of sympathomimetic drugs with malformations.
abstract: We observed 2 cases of severe limb defects in infants following the use of sympathomimetic drugs during pregnancy. The mother of I had taken large doses of Primatene (ephedrine, theophylline, phenobarbital) as tablets and mist throughout pregnancy. The infant was born with oligoectrosyndactyly. In the other infant, maternal ingestion of sympathomimetic drugs including Triaminic (pseudoephedrine, phenylephrine, phenylpropanolamine) was associated with distal limb defects. Experimental studies in pregnant rabbits using Primatene in both low and high dosage resulted in limb reduction defects and other malformations in a significant number of the offspring compared with controls. Limb defects in the offspring of chicks following exposure to sympathomimetic drugs had previously been observed. We suggest that these agents may be teratogenic in the human and should be used with great caution or avoided during pregnancy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa 33601, USA.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Gilbert-Barness
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Drut
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000336:Aerosols; D000818:Animals; D001249:Asthma / Q000188:drug therapy; D004338:Drug Combinations; D004809:Ephedrine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D009139:Musculoskeletal Abnormalities / Q000139:chemically induced*; D010634:Phenobarbital / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D010656:Phenylephrine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D010665:Phenylpropanolamine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000188:drug therapy; D011261:Pregnancy Trimester, First / Q000187:drug effects; D011817:Rabbits; D013566:Sympathomimetics / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D013607:Tablets; D013806:Theophylline / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects
chemical_list: D000336:Aerosols; D004338:Drug Combinations; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives; D013566:Sympathomimetics; D013607:Tablets; D010656:Phenylephrine; D010665:Phenylpropanolamine; D013806:Theophylline; D004809:Ephedrine; D010634:Phenobarbital