title: Escalated focal liver radiation and concurrent hepatic artery fluorodeoxyuridine for unresectable intrahepatic malignancies.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the response, time to progression, survival, and impact of radiation (RT) dose on survival in patients with intrahepatic malignancies treated on a phase I trial of escalated focal liver RT.
  
  
  METHODS
  From April 1996 to January 1998, 43 patients with unresectable intrahepatic hepatobiliary cancer (HB; 27 patients) and colorectal liver metastases (LM; 16 patients) were treated with high-dose conformal RT. The median tumor size was 10 x 10 x 8 cm. The median RT dose was 58.5 Gy (range, 28.5 to 90 Gy), 1.5 Gy twice daily, with concurrent continuous-infusion hepatic arterial fluorodeoxyuridine (0.2 mg/kg/d) during the first 4 weeks of RT.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The response rate in 25 assessable patients was 68% (16 partial and one complete response). With a median potential follow-up period of 26.5 months, the median times to progression for all tumors, LM, and HB were 6, 8, and 3 months, respectively. The median survival times of all patients, patients with LM, and patients with HB were 16, 18, and 11 months, respectively. On multivariate analyses, escalated RT dose was independently associated with improved progression-free and overall survival. The median survival of patients treated with 70 Gy or more has not yet been reached (16.4+ months), compared with 11.6 months in patients treated with lower RT doses (P =.0003).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The excellent response rate, prolonged intrahepatic control, and improved survival in patients treated with RT doses of 70 Gy or more motivate continuation of dose-escalation studies for patients with intrahepatic malignancies.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Radiation Oncology, Internal Medicine, and Pharmacology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 48109-0010, USA. dawson@umich.edu
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Dawson
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: McGinn
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Normolle
authors.forename: R K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Ten Haken
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Walker
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Ensminger
authors.forename: T S
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Lawrence
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000964:Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000532:radiotherapy* / Q000556:secondary; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D005467:Floxuridine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006499:Hepatic Artery; D006801:Humans; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000532:radiotherapy* / Q000556:secondary; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D011879:Radiotherapy Dosage; D016019:Survival Analysis; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000964:Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic; D005467:Floxuridine