title: Indirect laryngeal surgery in the clinical voice laboratory: the renewal of a lost art.
abstract: Since the advent of precision instruments and safe techniques for direct laryngoscopic surgery under general anesthesia, indirect laryngeal surgery has become very uncommon. A review of the recent literature finds that few authors advocate indirect surgery under topical anesthesia, and many otolaryngologists dismiss this technique as being either of only historical interest or an idiosyncratic method practiced only by a handful of clinicians. The societal mandate for cost-effective healthcare and the availability of relatively low-cost, high-quality endoscopes and video equipment warrant a renewed and broader interest in this type of surgery. In this article, we review a series of 27 indirect surgical procedures performed under topical anesthesia in the clinical voice laboratory. We discuss the indications, outcomes, advantages, and disadvantages of this surgery, and we present a brief analysis of its cost-effectiveness. We conclude that indirect laryngeal surgery in the clinical voice laboratory is an effective, safe, efficient, and less costly alternative to some procedures routinely performed under general anesthesia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor 48109-0312, USA. nhogikya@umich.edu
authors.forename: N D
authors.initials: ND
authors.lastname: Hogikyan
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pynnonen
mesh_terms: D001706:Biopsy; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D006801:Humans; D007818:Laryngeal Diseases / Q000191:economics* / Q000601:surgery*; D007828:Laryngoscopy / Q000191:economics* / Q000379:methods*; D007830:Larynx / Q000473:pathology; D012189:Retrospective Studies