title: Techniques for evaluating selected reproductive disorders of stallions.
abstract: Numerous techniques may be used for evaluation of the different reproductive disorders of the stallion. Approaches may vary from real-time ultrasonography and biopsy for evaluating testicular tumors to use of special assays for evaluating sperm or plasma for presence of antisperm antibodies. This communication addresses techniques used to evaluate five relatively uncommon, but perplexing, disorders of breeding stallions: (1) seminal vesiculitis, (2) hemospermia associated with idiopathic urethral defects, (3) acrosomal dysfunction, (4) abnormal spermatozoal chromatin, and (5) azoospermia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Large Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station 7784-4475, USA.
authors.forename: D D
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Varner
authors.forename: T L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Blanchard
authors.forename: S P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Brinsko
authors.forename: C C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Love
authors.forename: T S
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Johnson
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D006734:Horse Diseases / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006736:Horses; D007248:Infertility, Male / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000662:veterinary*; D008297:Male; D013736:Testicular Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000662:veterinary; D014463:Ultrasonography