title: Anabolic-androgenic steroid use disorders among a sample of Australian competitive and recreational users.
abstract: Illicit anabolic-androgenic steroid (AAS) use, for body building and body image purposes, is increasing internationally. This study describes the prevalence and symptoms of AAS use disorders obtained using a semi-structured interview among a mixed-gender sample of 100 current Australian users, that were recruited from a variety of sources. The median age of the sample was 27 years and 94% were male. The full range of DSM IV symptoms of AAS abuse and dependence were reported and over three quarters (78%) of the sample exhibited at least one symptom of abuse or dependence on AAS. A total of 23% of the participants qualified for a diagnosis of AAS dependence using DSM IV criteria and a further 25% met criteria for AAS abuse. There were no gender differences in AAS abuse or dependence diagnoses. The only variable related to an AAS substance use disorder was reporting the experience of AAS-related aggression, which may be a useful clinical indicator of the disorder.
authors.affiliation: National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, NSW 2052, Sydney, Australia. j.copeland@unsw.edu.au
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Copeland
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Peters
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Dillon
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D045930:Anabolic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D001315:Australia; D001828:Body Image; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D013375:Substance Withdrawal Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology*; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014891:Weight Lifting / Q000523:psychology*
chemical_list: D045930:Anabolic Agents