title: Musculoskeletal surgery in eighteenth century America.
abstract: Surgeons in America in the eighteenth century treated wounds, fractures, dislocations, and gunshot injuries of the skeletal structures and also contended with osteomyelitis and tuberculosis of bones and joints. In meeting this challenge, they proved innovative, adaptive and courageous, and developed principles of surgery, some of which still are in use today.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania Health System, Presbyterian Medical Center, Philadelphia 19104, USA.
authors.forename: Z B
authors.initials: ZB
authors.lastname: Friedenberg
mesh_terms: D049671:History, 18th Century; D006801:Humans; D009140:Musculoskeletal Diseases / Q000266:history* / Q000601:surgery; D009983:Orthopedic Equipment / Q000266:history; D019637:Orthopedic Procedures / Q000266:history*; D009985:Orthopedics / Q000266:history; D013782:Textbooks as Topic / Q000266:history; D014481:United States