title: The critical role of Shc in insulin-like growth factor-I-mediated mitogenesis and differentiation in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes.
abstract: Insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) stimulates mitogenesis in proliferating preadipocytes, but when cells reach confluence and become growth arrested, IGF-I stimulates differentiation into adipocytes. IGF-I induces signaling pathways that involve IGF-I receptor-mediated tyrosine phosphorylation of Shc and insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS-1). Either of these adaptor proteins can lead to activation of the three-kinase cascade ending in activation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 and -2 (ERK-1 and -2) mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs). Several lines of evidence suggest that activation of MAPK inhibits 3T3-L1 preadipocyte differentiation. We have shown that IGF-I stimulation of MAPK activity is lost as 3T3-L1 preadipocytes begin to differentiate. This change in MAPK signaling coincides with loss of IGF-I-mediated Shc, but not IRS-1, tyrosine phosphorylation. We hypothesized that down-regulation of MAPK via loss of proximal signaling through Shc is an early component in the IGF-I switch from mitogenesis to differentiation in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. Treatment of subconfluent cells with the MEK inhibitor PD098059 inhibited both IGF-I-activation of MAPK as well as 3H-thymidine incorporation. PD098059, in the presence of differentiation-inducing media, accelerated differentiation in subconfluent cells as measured by expression of adipocyte protein-2 (aP-2), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) and lipoprotein lipase (LPL). Transient transfection of subconfluent cells with Shc-Y317F, a dominant-negative mutant, attenuated IGF-I-mediated MAPK activation, inhibited DNA synthesis, and accelerated expression of differentiation markers aP-2, PPARgamma, and LPL. We conclude that signaling through Shc to MAPK plays a critical role in mediating IGF-I-stimulated 3T3-L1 mitogenesis. Our results suggest that loss of the ability of IGF-I to activate Shc signaling to MAPK may be an early component of adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics Rhode Island Hospital, Providence 02903, USA. Charlotte_Boney@brown.edu
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Boney
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Gruppuso
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Faris
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Frackelton
mesh_terms: D016475:3T3 Cells; D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D033942:Adaptor Proteins, Vesicular Transport; D017667:Adipocytes / Q000166:cytology*; D000818:Animals; D015152:Blotting, Northern; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D003470:Culture Media; D004247:DNA / Q000096:biosynthesis; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000494:pharmacology; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051379:Mice; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D008938:Mitosis; D009154:Mutation; D011506:Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D055765:Shc Signaling Adaptor Proteins; D000071425:Src Homology 2 Domain-Containing, Transforming Protein 1; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology*; D014162:Transfection
chemical_list: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D033942:Adaptor Proteins, Vesicular Transport; D003470:Culture Media; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D005419:Flavonoids; D011506:Proteins; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D055765:Shc Signaling Adaptor Proteins; C528034:Shc1 protein, mouse; D000071425:Src Homology 2 Domain-Containing, Transforming Protein 1; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I; D004247:DNA; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; C093973:2-(2-amino-3-methoxyphenyl)-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one