title: Anxiety as a correlate of response to the acute treatment of bipolar I disorder.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Given the adverse impact of anxiety on treatment outcome in unipolar depression and the paucity of data on the role of anxiety in bipolar disorder, the authors sought to determine the effect of anxiety on the acute treatment response of patients with bipolar I disorder.
  
  
  METHODS
  The authors examined the correlates of response to the acute treatment of 124 consecutively treated patients with bipolar I disorder. Measures of anxiety included history of panic attacks and a composite variable reflecting current or past anxiety symptoms.
  
  
  RESULTS
  History of panic attacks proved to be a significant correlate of nonremission. Anxiety, as assessed with the composite variable, was associated with longer time to remission, as was the treatment of depressive versus manic symptoms and mixed versus manic symptoms. Patients with anxiety as assessed with the composite variable and patients with a history of panic attacks reported more severe medication side effects. They also required a greater number of medications, either sequentially or in combination, in order to achieve remission.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The findings suggest that anxiety is a clinically meaningful correlate of poor outcome in the acute treatment of bipolar I disorder.
authors.affiliation: Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA 15213, USA.
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Feske
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Frank
authors.forename: A G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Mallinger
authors.forename: P R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Houck
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fagiolini
authors.forename: M K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Shear
authors.forename: V J
authors.initials: VJ
authors.lastname: Grochocinski
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Kupfer
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001008:Anxiety Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy*; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D015897:Comorbidity; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D016584:Panic Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D010349:Patient Compliance; D015995:Prevalence; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011613:Psychotherapy; D011619:Psychotropic Drugs / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012074:Remission Induction; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D011619:Psychotropic Drugs