title: Cervical cancer diagnosed shortly after pregnancy: prognostic variables and delivery routes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the prognoses of women diagnosed with cervical cancer during pregnancy with the prognoses of those diagnosed within 6 months after delivery and to assess the effect of vaginal delivery on recurrence risk and prognosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  A matched case-control study of women with cervical cancer diagnosed during pregnancy or within 6 months of delivery was performed. Fifty-six women had cervical cancer diagnosed during pregnancy and 27 within 6 months after delivery. Controls (cervical cancer diagnosed at least 5 years since last delivery) were matched one-to-one with cases based on age, histology, stage, treatment, and time of treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among postpartum women, four had stage IA disease, 15 had stage IB1 or IB2, and eight had stage IIA or higher disease. Eleven had radical hysterectomies and 14 had radiation therapy. Two with stage IA1 disease were treated with vaginal hysterectomies. One of seven patients who had cesareans developed a local and distant recurrence. In contrast, ten of 17 (59%) who delivered vaginally developed recurrences (P =.04). In multivariate analysis, vaginal delivery was the most significant predictor of recurrence (odds ratio [OR] 6.91; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.45, 32.8), followed by high stage (OR 4.66; 95% CI 1.05, 20.8). The survival for patients diagnosed in the postpartum period was significantly worse than for controls.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Women diagnosed postpartum had worse survival than those diagnosed during pregnancy and were at significant risk of recurrent disease, particularly if they delivered vaginally. Therefore, pregnant women with cervical cancer should be delivered by cesarean.
authors.affiliation: Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa, USA. anil-sood@uiowa.edu
authors.forename: A K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Sood
authors.forename: J I
authors.initials: JI
authors.lastname: Sorosky
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mayr
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.forename: R E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Buller
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Niebyl
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000401:mortality; D000328:Adult; D018196:Carcinoma, Adenosquamous / Q000401:mortality; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000401:mortality*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D036861:Delivery, Obstetric; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D011247:Pregnancy; D011252:Pregnancy Complications, Neoplastic; D011379:Prognosis; D011644:Puerperal Disorders; D016019:Survival Analysis; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality*