Effect of antimicrobial agents on livestock waste emissions.
Various antimicrobial agents were evaluated with the purpose of reducing the microbial fermentation in stored cattle waste and the resulting odor emissions. Duplicate sealed 2-L flasks with 500 ml waste slurry, with and without antimicrobial inhibitors, were used to measure the production of short-chain volatile fatty acids, lactate, and total fermentation gas over 27-30 days. A combination of chlorhexidine diacetate (2 mM), iodoacetate (2 mM), and alpha-pinene (3.8 mM) reduced gas production 80% (1000 ml to 200 ml) and total volatile fatty acid production 50% (145 mM to 72 mM). Pinene had little antimicrobial effect; rather, it served as an effective masking agent, giving the waste a less offensive odor. A combination of chlorhexidine diacetate and the deaminase inhibitor, diphenyliodonium chloride (1.3 mM) had a similar effect in reducing short-chain volatile fatty acid production (145 mM to 80 mM). It is concluded that a combination of antimicrobial agents may be useful in controlling odor emissions and conserving organic matter in livestock wastes, therefore providing a potentially more useful byproduct waste when used as plant fertilizer.
Varel
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Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, USDA, ARS Clay Center, NE 68933, USA. varel@email.marc.usda.gov
Miller
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D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001419:Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D000081008:Bicyclic Monoterpenes; D002417:Cattle; D002710:Chlorhexidine / Q000494:pharmacology; D004202:Disinfectants / Q000494:pharmacology; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D005232:Fatty Acids, Volatile / Q000032:analysis; D005740:Gases / Q000032:analysis; D007461:Iodoacetates / Q000494:pharmacology; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000032:analysis; D008372:Manure / Q000032:analysis / Q000382:microbiology*; D039821:Monoterpenes; D013729:Terpenes / Q000494:pharmacology; D013997:Time Factors
D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000081008:Bicyclic Monoterpenes; D004202:Disinfectants; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D005232:Fatty Acids, Volatile; D005740:Gases; D007461:Iodoacetates; D008372:Manure; D039821:Monoterpenes; D013729:Terpenes; D019344:Lactic Acid; C005451:alpha-pinene; D002710:Chlorhexidine