title: Peroxynitrite reversibly inhibits Ca(2+)-activated K(+) channels in rat cerebral artery smooth muscle cells.
abstract: Peroxynitrite (ONOO(-)) is a contractile agonist of rat middle cerebral arteries. To determine the mechanism responsible for this component of ONOO(-) bioactivity, the present study examined the effect of ONOO(-) on ionic current and channel activity in rat cerebral arteries. Whole cell recordings of voltage-clamped cells were made under conditions designed to optimize K(+) current. The effects of iberiotoxin, a selective inhibitor of large-conductance Ca(2+)-activated K(+) (BK) channels, and ONOO(-) (10-100 microM) were determined. At a pipette potential of +50 mV, ONOO(-) inhibited 39% of iberiotoxin-sensitive current. ONOO(-) was selective for iberiotoxin-sensitive current, whereas decomposed ONOO(-) had no effect. In excised, inside-out membrane patches, channel activity was recorded using symmetrical K(+) solutions. Unitary currents were sensitive to increases in internal Ca(2+) concentration, consistent with activity due to BK channels. Internal ONOO(-) dose dependently inhibited channel activity by decreasing open probability and mean open times. The inhibitory effect of ONOO(-) could be overcome by reduced glutathione. Glutathione, added after ONOO(-), restored whole cell current amplitude to control levels and reverted single-channel gating to control behavior. The inhibitory effect of ONOO(-) on membrane K(+) current is consistent with its contractile effects in isolated cerebral arteries and single myocytes. Taken together, our data suggest that ONOO(-) has the potential to alter cerebral vascular tone by inhibiting BK channel activity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics and Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee 53226, USA. brzezins@mcw.edu
authors.forename: A K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Brzezinska
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gebremedhin
authors.forename: W M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Chilian
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kalyanaraman
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Elliott
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001920:Bradykinin / Q000378:metabolism; D002118:Calcium / Q000502:physiology*; D002536:Cerebral Arteries / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D004594:Electrophysiology; D007473:Ion Channels / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D009131:Muscle, Smooth, Vascular / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D009566:Nitrates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016877:Oxidants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D026902:Potassium Channel Blockers; D015221:Potassium Channels / Q000502:physiology; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013438:Sulfhydryl Compounds / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D007473:Ion Channels; D009566:Nitrates; D016877:Oxidants; D026902:Potassium Channel Blockers; D015221:Potassium Channels; D013438:Sulfhydryl Compounds; C039642:peroxynitric acid; D001920:Bradykinin; D002118:Calcium