title: Melanoma immunotherapy by targeted IL-2 depends on CD4(+) T-cell help mediated by CD40/CD40L interaction.
abstract: The induction of tumor-protective immunity against malignancies remains a major challenge in cancer immunotherapy. A novel, humanized anti-ganglioside-GD(2)-IL-2 immunocytokine (hu14.18-IL-2) induced CD8(+) T cells to eradicate established pulmonary metastases of B78-D14 murine melanoma, in a process that required help by CD4(+) T cells and was mediated by the CD40/CD40 ligand (CD40L) interaction. The anti-tumor effect was diminished in mice deficient in CD4(+) T-cells. Three lines of evidence show that CD4(+) T-cell help was mediated by CD40/CD40L interaction but not by endogenous IL-2 production. First, the hu14.18-IL-2-induced anti-tumor response is partially abrogated in C57BL/6J CD40L knockout (KO) mice in contrast to C57BL/6J IL-2 KO animals, in which the immunocytokine was completely effective. Second, partial abrogation of the anti-tumor effect is induced with anti-CD40L antibodies to the same extent as with CD4(+) T-cell depletion. Third, a complete anti-tumor response induced by hu14.18-IL-2 can be reconstituted in C57BL/6J CD40L KO mice by simultaneous stimulation with an anti-CD40 mAb. These results suggest that help provided by CD4(+) T cells via CD40/CD40L interactions in our tumor model is crucial for effective immunotherapy with an IL-2 immunocytokine.
authors.affiliation: The Scripps Research Institute, Department of Immunology, La Jolla, California 92037, USA.
authors.forename: H N
authors.initials: HN
authors.lastname: Lode
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Xiang
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Pertl
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Förster
authors.forename: S P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Schoenberger
authors.forename: S D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Gillies
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Reisfeld
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000938:Antigen-Presenting Cells / Q000502:physiology; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D019013:CD40 Antigens / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D023201:CD40 Ligand; D005260:Female; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation; D008546:Melanoma, Experimental / Q000276:immunology / Q000628:therapy*; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018345:Mice, Knockout
chemical_list: D019013:CD40 Antigens; D007376:Interleukin-2; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D023201:CD40 Ligand