title: Extruded dry beans and serum lipoprotein and plasma haemostatic factors in hyperlipidaemic men.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the effects of the inclusion of extruded dry beans in the diet on serum lipoprotein, plasma fibrinogen, plasma viscosity and plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) levels.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-two free living hyperlipidaemic men participated in this randomised, controlled, cross-over study. The subjects were randomly assigned to one of two groups. After a run-in period of four weeks, during which subjects followed their normal diet with the exclusion of dry beans, group A had to include 110 g/day of extruded dry beans in the form of baked products for four weeks while group B continued with the run-in diet. A washout period of four weeks followed after which the experimental intervention was crossed-over. Anthropometric measurements, serum lipoproteins and haemostatic variables were measured with standard methods and dietary intakes were estimated with five-day dietary records at the beginning and end of each experimental period.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compliance was determined as 83.5% with a mean intake of 91. 9 g/day extruded dry beans. Extruded dry beans did not have significant effects on total serum cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, apolipoprotein A or B, plasma fibrinogen and plasma viscosity concentrations. High density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations decreased in both the dry bean and control periods. Lipoprotein (a) concentrations increased with intake of extruded dry beans, but this increase was probably not due to an independent effect of extruded dry beans. Plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 levels were significantly lower after the intake of extruded dry beans compared to the control period.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The inclusion of 91.9 g extruded dry beans per day in the diet had no effects on serum lipoproteins, plasma fibrinogen and viscosity levels but decreased PAI-1 levels.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Dry Bean Producers Organisation (South Africa) and the Potchefstroom University for Christian Higher Education, Potchefstroom, South Africa.
authors.affiliation: Nutrition Research Group, Department of Nutrition, Potchefstroom University for Christian Higher Education, Potchefstroom, South Africa. VGEWO@PUKNET.PUK.AC.ZA
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Oosthuizen
authors.forename: C S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Scholtz
authors.forename: H H
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Vorster
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Jerling
authors.forename: W J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Vermaak
mesh_terms: D001054:Apolipoproteins A / Q000032:analysis; D001055:Apolipoproteins B / Q000097:blood; D001779:Blood Coagulation Factors / Q000378:metabolism*; D001809:Blood Viscosity; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004032:Diet; D007887:Fabaceae; D005340:Fibrinogen / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D006949:Hyperlipidemias / Q000097:blood / Q000178:diet therapy*; D017270:Lipoprotein(a) / Q000097:blood; D008074:Lipoproteins / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010946:Plants, Medicinal; D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 / Q000097:blood; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D001054:Apolipoproteins A; D001055:Apolipoproteins B; D001779:Blood Coagulation Factors; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D017270:Lipoprotein(a); D008074:Lipoproteins; D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1; D014280:Triglycerides; D005340:Fibrinogen; D002784:Cholesterol