title: A quick assay for monitoring recombinant hirudin during cardiopulmonary bypass in patients with heparin-induced thrombocytopenia type II : adaptation of the ecarin clotting time to the act II device.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Recombinant hirudin is increasingly advocated as a promising alternative anticoagulation for patients with heparin-induced thrombocytopenia type II during cardiopulmonary bypass. This requires monitoring of the ecarin clotting time. No commercial ecarin clotting time assay is available for clinical use. We adapted the ecarin clotting time to the easy-to-handle ACT II device.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three different concentrations of the ecarin reagent (20, 10, 5 U/mL) were investigated as preliminary studies. Standard calibration curves were constructed for concentrations of recombinant hirudin ranging from 0 to 5 microgram/mL. In vivo samples were collected from patients with heparin-induced thrombocytopenia type II who underwent cardiopulmonary bypass, and the values were compared with the values obtained by the chromogenic method. The final concentration for the assay of 5 IU/mL ecarin was further assessed in vitro for reproducibility and the influence of variations in hematocrit, platelet count, and procoagulants.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All three concentrations of ecarin revealed linearity to 5 microgram/mL concentrations of recombinant hirudin. The ecarin concentration of 5 U/mL revealed the best correlation (0.87) to the laboratory method, was reproducible over the whole recombinant hirudin range, and was not influenced by the variations in the in vitro setup.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The ACT II/ecarin clotting time with an ecarin concentration of 5 U/mL is a simple and reliable assay for monitoring recombinant hirudin during cardiopulmonary bypass. Use of this assay allows a wider use of recombinant hirudin in patients with heparin-induced thrombocytopenia type II during bypass and thereby may contribute to the safer management of these patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Deutsches Herzzentrum Berlin, Germany. koster@dhzb.de
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Koster
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Loebe
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hansen
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bauer
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Mertzlufft
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kuppe
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hetzer
mesh_terms: D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000008:administration & dosage; D001774:Blood Chemical Analysis / Q000295:instrumentation; D001777:Blood Coagulation; D002315:Cardiopulmonary Bypass; D010450:Endopeptidases / Q000097:blood*; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D004867:Equipment Design; D006493:Heparin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006629:Hirudins / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D016343:Monitoring, Intraoperative; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000097:blood*; D013921:Thrombocytopenia / Q000139:chemically induced; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000925:Anticoagulants; D006629:Hirudins; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D006493:Heparin; D010450:Endopeptidases; C020097:ecarin