title: Novel conformationally constrained tropane analogues by 6-endo-trig radical cyclization and stille coupling - switch of activity toward the serotonin and/or norepinephrine transporter.
abstract: A novel class of tricyclic tropane analogues has been synthesized by making use of radical cyclization technology in combination with the Stille coupling reaction. As hybrids between tropanes and quinuclidines, these tropaquinuclidines represent a significant structural departure from many of the other classes of tropane ligands synthesized to date. This structure class is characterized by the boat conformation of the tropane ring and the orientation of the additional bridge (and therefore of the nitrogen lone pair) together with the unusual placement of the aromatic moiety. All compounds were tested for their ability to inhibit monoamine reuptake under identical conditions. The ability to inhibit reuptake of dopamine in comparison to cocaine is generally decreased in this series but for one compound. (1S,3R, 6S)-(Z)-9-(thienylmethylene)-7-azatricyclo[4.3.1.0(3, 7)]decane-2beta-carboxylic acid methyl ester (5h) exhibits reasonable activity at the dopamine transporter (DAT) (K(i) = 268 nM) and good activity at the norepinephrine transporter (NET) (K(i) = 26 nM). The potency and selectivity shown by some of these ligands for the NET, serotonine transporter (SERT), or NET/SERT is striking, particularly in view of the displacement of the aromatic ring in this series from its usual position at C-3 in the WIN analogues. Thus, (1S,3R,6S)-(Z)-9-(4-biphenylylmethylene)-7-azatricyclo[4.3.1 . 0(3,7)]decane-2beta-carboxylic acid methyl ester (5a) is a selective inhibitor of norepinephrine reuptake (K(i) = 12 nM). Its p-methoxy analogue 5c is a mixed inhibitor of norepinephrine and serotonin reuptake (K(i) = 187 nM at the NET and 56 nM at the SERT). The most active and selective compound we found in the present series is compound 8b [(1S,3R,6S)-2-(acetoxymethyl)-(Z)-9-(3, 4-dichlorophenylmethylene)-7-azatricyclo[4.3.1.0(3,7)]decane ]. This compound is a potent (K(i) = 1.6 nM) and selective inhibitor of serotonin reuptake into rat midbrain synaptosomes. Its selectivity is about 400-fold over the NET and about 1000-fold over the DAT. The results of this study further demonstrate the possibility of tuning the selectivity of tropane analogues toward the SERT or NET binding site. The ligands disclosed herein provide additional pharmacological tools of use in attempting to correlate structure and transporter selectivity with in vivo studies of behavioral outcomes.
authors.affiliation: Drug Discovery Program, Georgetown University Medical Center, 3900 Reservoir Road, NW, Washington, D.C. 20007-2197, USA.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hoepping
authors.forename: K M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: George
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Flippen-Anderson
authors.forename: A P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Kozikowski
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism; D003342:Corpus Striatum / Q000648:ultrastructure; D003500:Cyclization; D004298:Dopamine / Q000378:metabolism; D050483:Dopamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins; D006575:Heterocyclic Compounds, 3-Ring / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins; D008636:Mesencephalon / Q000648:ultrastructure; D008968:Molecular Conformation; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D009638:Norepinephrine / Q000378:metabolism; D050484:Norepinephrine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins; D009778:Occipital Lobe / Q000648:ultrastructure; D010296:Parietal Lobe / Q000648:ultrastructure; D051381:Rats; D012701:Serotonin / Q000378:metabolism; D050486:Serotonin Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D027981:Symporters; D013574:Synaptosomes / Q000378:metabolism; D014316:Tritium; D014326:Tropanes / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: C409873:2-(acetoxymethyl)-9-(3,4-dichlorophenylmethylene)-7-azatricyclo(4.3.1.0(3,7))decane; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D050483:Dopamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins; D006575:Heterocyclic Compounds, 3-Ring; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D050484:Norepinephrine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins; D050486:Serotonin Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins; C493226:Slc6a2 protein, rat; C493216:Slc6a3 protein, rat; C493232:Slc6a4 protein, rat; D027981:Symporters; D014326:Tropanes; D014316:Tritium; D012701:Serotonin; D004298:Dopamine; D009638:Norepinephrine