title: Effects of primary care coordination on public hospital patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effect of primary care coordination on utilization rates and satisfaction with care among public hospital patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective randomized gatekeeper intervention, with 1-year follow-up.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Adult General Medical Clinic at San Francisco General Hospital, a university-affiliated public hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied 2,293 established patients of 28 primary care physicians.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients were randomized based on their primary care physician's main clinic day. The 1,121 patients in the intervention group (Ambulatory Patient-Physician Relationship Organized to Achieve Coordinated Healthcare [APPROACH] group) required primary care physician approval to receive specialty and emergency department (ED) services; 1,172 patients in the control group did not.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Changes in outpatient, ED, and inpatient utilization were measured for APPROACH and control groups over the 1-year observation period, and the differences in the changes between groups were calculated to estimate the effect of the intervention. Acceptability of the gatekeeping model was determined via patient satisfaction surveys.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Over the 1-year observation period, APPROACH patients decreased their specialty use by 0.57 visits per year more than control patients did ( P =.04; 95% confidence interval [CI] -1.05 to -0.01). While APPROACH patients increased their primary care use by 0.27 visits per year more than control patients, this difference was not statistically significant (P =.14; 95% CI, -0.11 to 0.66). Changes in low-acuity ED care were similar between the two groups (0. 06 visits per year more in APPROACH group than control group, P =. 42; 95% CI, -0.09 to 0.22). APPROACH patients decreased yearly hospitalizations by 0.14 visits per year more than control patients (P =.02; 95% CI, -0.26 to -0.03). Changes in patient satisfaction with care, perceived access to specialists, and use of out-of-network services between the 2 groups were similar.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A primary care model of health delivery in a public hospital that utilized a gatekeeping strategy decreased outpatient specialty and hospitalization rates and was acceptable to patients.
authors.affiliation: Primary Care Research Center, San Francisco General Hospital and Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, California 94143-1364, USA. dean@itsa.ucsf.edu
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Schillinger
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Bibbins-Domingo
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Vranizan
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bacchetti
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Luce
authors.forename: A B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Bindman
mesh_terms: D003710:Demography; D005260:Female; D006297:Health Services Accessibility; D006779:Hospitals, Public; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017060:Patient Satisfaction / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D010817:Physician-Patient Relations; D011320:Primary Health Care / Q000458:organization & administration* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012017:Referral and Consultation / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012495:San Francisco; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires