title: Contrast and glare sensitivity in epilepsy patients treated with vigabatrin or carbamazepine monotherapy compared with healthy volunteers.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Many antiepileptic drugs have influence on visual functions. The aim of this study was to investigate possible changes in contrast sensitivity, macular photostress, and brightness acuity (glare) tests in patients with epilepsy undergoing vigabatrin (VGB) or carbamazepine (CBZ) monotherapy compared with healthy volunteers.
  
  
  METHODS
  32 patients undergoing VGB therapy, 18 patients undergoing CBZ therapy, and 35 healthy volunteers were asked to participate in an ophthalmological examination. In the previous study, visual field constrictions were reported in 40% of the patients treated with VGB monotherapy. In the present study, these VGB and CBZ monotherapy patients were examined for photopic contrast sensitivity with the Pelli-Robson letter chart and brightness acuity and macular photostress with the Mentor BAT brightness acuity tester.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Contrast sensitivity with the Pelli-Robson letter chart showed no difference between these groups and normal subjects (ANOVA: p= 0.534 in the right eye, p= 0.692 in the left eye) but the VGB therapy patients showed a positive correlation between the contrast sensitivity values and the extents of the visual fields in linear regression (R = 0.498, p = 0.05 in the right eye, R = 0.476, p = 0. 06 in the left eye). Macular photostress and glare tests were equal in both groups and did not differ from normal values.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of this study indicate that carbamazepine therapy has no effect on contrast sensitivity. Vigabatrin seems to impair contrast sensitivity in those patients who have concentrically constricted in their visual fields. Neither GBZ nor VGB affect glare sensitivity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital of Kuopio, Finland. Iiris.Nousianen@uku.fi
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Nousiainen
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kälviäinen
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mäntyjärvi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000927:Anticonvulsants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002220:Carbamazepine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015350:Contrast Sensitivity / Q000187:drug effects*; D004828:Epilepsies, Partial / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D019466:Glare; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D020888:Vigabatrin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014792:Visual Acuity / Q000187:drug effects; D014794:Visual Fields / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000927:Anticonvulsants; D002220:Carbamazepine; D020888:Vigabatrin