title: Genotoxic effects of the novel mixed antiestrogen FC-1271a in comparison to tamoxifen and toremifene.
abstract: Tamoxifen has been used for the treatment of breast cancer since the 1970s, but is considered a carcinogen because it has been linked to liver cancer in rats and an increased risk of endometrial cancer in patients. In rats, DNA adducts appear to be responsible for carcinogenesis, but their contribution to carcinogenesis in humans is not clear. FC-1271a and toremifene are mixed antiestrogens similar to tamoxifen. In order to compare the genotoxicity of these different triphenylethylenes, we treated mice for 28 days with 50 mg/kg of either tamoxifen, toremifene, FC- 1271 a or vehicle control. DNA from liver and uterus was assayed by standard 32P-postlabeling and thin layer chromatography for the presence of DNA adducts. Two methods of drug administration (oral and subcutaneous) and two strains of mice were compared and the plasma and tissue concentrations of the drugs and three metabolites of tamoxifen and toremifene were determined. Regardless of the conditions, only tamoxifen-treated mice showed DNA adducts in the liver. Adduct levels did not correlate with drug or metabolite levels and adducts were present even when drug was not detectable. Mice were also treated orally with either 50, 100, or 200 mg/kg of drug for 7 days. Again, adducts were found only in liver tissue of mice treated with tamoxifen, and adduct levels were dose-dependent. In conclusion, the chlorinated triphenylethylene FC-1271a did not cause DNA adducts under various conditions in mice, suggesting a low carcinogenic potential.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, Sacramento 95817, USA.
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Hellmann-Blumberg
authors.forename: T L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Taras
authors.forename: G T
authors.initials: GT
authors.lastname: Wurz
authors.forename: M W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: DeGregorio
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D018931:Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000633:toxicity*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D002273:Carcinogens / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000633:toxicity*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D002855:Chromatography, Thin Layer; D018736:DNA Adducts / Q000096:biosynthesis; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004965:Estrogen Antagonists / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000633:toxicity*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007279:Injections, Subcutaneous; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D008815:Mice, Inbred Strains; D013154:Spleen / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D013629:Tamoxifen / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000633:toxicity*; D017312:Toremifene / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000633:toxicity*; D014599:Uterus / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D018931:Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal; D002273:Carcinogens; D018736:DNA Adducts; D004965:Estrogen Antagonists; D013629:Tamoxifen; D017312:Toremifene; C119141:Ospemifene