title: Synergistic activation of NF-kappab and inducible isoform of nitric oxide synthase induction by interferon-gamma and tumor necrosis factor-alpha in INS-1 cells.
abstract: Interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) is known to exert deleterious effects on pancreatic beta-cells and is implicated in the development of type 1 (autoimmune) diabetes mellitus. In this study, we investigated signaling mechanisms mediating the effects of IFN-gamma in pancreatic beta-cells using a differentiated rat insulin-secreting cell line, INS-1, with special reference to the activation of transcription factors STAT (signal transducers and activators of transcription)1 and NF-kappaB. Exposure of INS-1 cells to 100 IU/ml IFN-gamma for 24 h resulted in significant inhibition of nutrient-induced insulin secretion associated with impaired metabolism. In combination with tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) (50 ng/ml), IFN-gamma elicited severe cytotoxicity and induced the expression of the inducible isoform of nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) mRNA. IFN-gamma promoted tyrosine phosphorylation and DNA-binding of STAT1 through Janus kinase (JAK)1 activation without apparent phosphorylation of JAK2. TNF-alpha did not affect STAT1 activation, but stimulated DNA-binding and transcriptional activity of NF-kappaB, both of which were further increased by IFN-gamma. These effects of IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha seem physiologically relevant, because either inhibition of STAT1 by the tyrosine kinase inhibitor herbimycin A or that of NF-kappaB by sulfasalazine resulted in the reduction of iNOS mRNA expression. In conclusion, IFN-gamma activates STAT1 and potentiates TNF-alpha-induced NF-kappaB activation in INS-1 cells, thereby inducing iNOS and cell destruction.
authors.affiliation: Fourth Department of Internal Medicine, University of Tokyo School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sekine
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ishikawa
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Okazaki
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hayashi
authors.forename: C B
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Wollheim
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fujita
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016227:Benzoquinones; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D002460:Cell Line; D004357:Drug Synergism; D017930:Genes, Reporter; D005947:Glucose / Q000494:pharmacology; D007328:Insulin / Q000378:metabolism*; D000078790:Insulin Secretion; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007515:Islets of Langerhans / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D053613:Janus Kinase 1; D047029:Lactams, Macrocyclic; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics*; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D011189:Potassium Chloride / Q000494:pharmacology; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D011809:Quinones / Q000494:pharmacology; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics; D051381:Rats; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology; D017828:Rifabutin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D012460:Sulfasalazine / Q000494:pharmacology; D014158:Transcription, Genetic / Q000187:drug effects; D014162:Transfection; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D016227:Benzoquinones; D007328:Insulin; D047029:Lactams, Macrocyclic; D016328:NF-kappa B; D011809:Quinones; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D017828:Rifabutin; D012460:Sulfasalazine; D011189:Potassium Chloride; C020754:herbimycin; D007371:Interferon-gamma; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; C496318:Nos2 protein, rat; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; C507906:Jak1 protein, rat; D053613:Janus Kinase 1; D005947:Glucose