title: Cell cycle and transcriptional control of human myeloid leukemic cells by transforming growth factor beta.
abstract: TGFbeta1 is a potent growth inhibitor of both primitive and more differentiated human myeloid leukemic cells. The extent of the growth inhibitory response to TGFbeta varies with cell type, and is not linked to stages of differentiation of cell lines. Downregulation of multiple cell cycle-regulatory molecules is a dominant event in TGFbeta1-mediated growth inhibition of human MV4-11 myeloid leukemia cells. Both G1-phase and G2-phase cyclins and cdks participate in the regulation of TGFbeta1-mediated growth inhibition of MV4-11 cells. By both depressing cdk2 synthesis and up-regulating cyclin E-associated p27, TGFbeta1 may magnify its inhibitory efficiency. TGFbeta1 also rapidly inhibits phosphorylation of pRb at several serine and threonine residues. The underphosphorylated pRb associates with E2F-4 in G1 phase, whereas the phosphorylated pRb mainly binds to E2F-1 and E2F-3 in proliferating MV4-11 cells. Since TGFbeta1 upregulates p130/E2F-4 complex formation and downregulates p107/E2F-4 complex formation, with E2F-4 levels remaining constant, our results suggest that E2F-4 is switched from p107 to pRb and p130 when cells exit from the cell cycle and arrest in G1 by TGFbeta1. In summary, TGFbeta1 inhibits growth of human myeloid leukemic cells through multiple pathways, whereas the "cdk inhibitor" p27 is both a positive and negative regulator.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, University of South Florida, and H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa 33612, USA. hu@moffitt.usf.edu
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: K S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Zuckerman
mesh_terms: D042846:CDC2-CDC28 Kinases; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000187:drug effects; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D019927:Cyclin E / Q000502:physiology; D051357:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 2; D050760:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p27; D018844:Cyclin-Dependent Kinases / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D015973:Gene Expression Regulation, Leukemic / Q000187:drug effects; D006131:Growth Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D006412:Hematopoietic Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D007951:Leukemia, Myeloid / Q000473:pathology*; D046911:Macromolecular Substances; D008869:Microtubule-Associated Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D014411:Neoplastic Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D020652:Peptide Elongation Factor 2 / Q000378:metabolism; D010750:Phosphoproteins / Q000378:metabolism; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000187:drug effects; D011499:Protein Processing, Post-Translational / Q000187:drug effects; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D011506:Proteins; D016160:Retinoblastoma Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D050720:Retinoblastoma-Like Protein p107; D050717:Retinoblastoma-Like Protein p130; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism; D014158:Transcription, Genetic / Q000187:drug effects; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000502:physiology*; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured / Q000187:drug effects; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins
chemical_list: D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D019927:Cyclin E; D006131:Growth Inhibitors; D046911:Macromolecular Substances; D008869:Microtubule-Associated Proteins; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D020652:Peptide Elongation Factor 2; D010750:Phosphoproteins; D011506:Proteins; C493844:RBL1 protein, human; C493837:RBL2 protein, human; D016160:Retinoblastoma Protein; D050720:Retinoblastoma-Like Protein p107; D050717:Retinoblastoma-Like Protein p130; C508960:TGFB1 protein, human; D014157:Transcription Factors; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins; D050760:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p27; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D042846:CDC2-CDC28 Kinases; C495894:CDK2 protein, human; D051357:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 2; D018844:Cyclin-Dependent Kinases