title: Gender-specific effects of NAT2 and GSTM1 in bladder cancer.
abstract: One approach for risk assessment of cancer is the evaluation of polymorphic enzymes involved in cancer using molecular tools. Phase II enzymes are involved in the detoxification of several drugs, environmental substances and carcinogenic compounds. Here, we analyzed enzymes for their putative relevance in urinary bladder cancer. The hereditable enzyme polymorphism of arylamine N-acetyltransferase 2 (NAT2) and glutathione S-transferase M1 (GSTM1) and T1 (GSTT1) was studied in 157 hospital-based patients and in 223 control subjects. Slow acetylation was not observed to be a significant risk factor of developing bladder cancer (OR: 1.33; 95% CI 0.85-2.09). One genotype responsible for slow acetylation (NAT2*5B/*6A) was observed significantly more frequently in bladder cancer patients compared with control subjects (OR: 1.63; 95% CI 1.03-2.58). Gender-specific effects were observed when patients were divided into subgroups. In male patients, slow acetylators were identified as carrying a significant increased risk of developing bladder cancer, in particular when the genotype NAT2*5B/*6A was combined with the GSTM1 null genotype (OR: 4.39; 95% CI 1.98-9.74). By contrast, the same genotype combination significantly protected female patients from bladder cancer (OR: 0.21; 95% CI 0.06-0.80).
authors.affiliation: Center for Human Genetics and Genetic Counselling, University of Bremen, Germany.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Schnakenberg
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lustig
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Breuer
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Werdin
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hübotter
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Dreikorn
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Schloot
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001191:Arylamine N-Acetyltransferase / Q000235:genetics*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D005982:Glutathione Transferase / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D001191:Arylamine N-Acetyltransferase; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm; D005982:Glutathione Transferase; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; C478900:NAT2 protein, human