title: Experience with the holmium laser as an endoscopic lithotrite.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Holmium laser lithotripsy represents an additional option in the management of urinary tract calculi. We report the results of a cohort of patients with ureteric and bladder calculi treated with this modality.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-three patients underwent holmium laser lithotripsy to treat ureteric or bladder calculi. Power settings of 0.5 J to deliver 2.5-4.0 watts were used for the ureteric calculi, and up to 30 watts for the bladder calculi.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean ureteric stone size was 7.3 mm (range 4-10 mm). One stone was upper ureteric, seven were mid-ureter and nine were lower-ureter. Eighteen of the 19 patients with ureteric calculi were free of stones 28 days postoperatively. The remaining patient was clear by 12 weeks. All patients with bladder calculi were completely cleared of stones. There were no intraoperative complications.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Ureteric stone position can limit the use of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy due to imaging difficulties. Ureteric lithotripsy overcomes this problem. The holmium laser has proven to be safe and effective in clearing urinary stone burdens of a variety of sizes, sites and compositions in this cohort of patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia. cosurol@mpx.com.au
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Costello
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Westcott
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Peters
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006695:Holmium; D006801:Humans; D007834:Lasers / Q000145:classification*; D017602:Lithotripsy, Laser / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012449:Safety; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014514:Ureteral Calculi / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D001744:Urinary Bladder Calculi / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy
chemical_list: D006695:Holmium