title: Interferon-gamma induces downregulation of Tangier disease gene (ATP-binding-cassette transporter 1) in macrophage-derived foam cells.
abstract: Cholesterol efflux is a fundamental process that serves to mitigate cholesterol accumulation and macrophage foam cell formation. Recently, we reported that cholesterol efflux to high density lipoprotein subfraction 3 was reduced by interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and that this decrease was associated with an increase in acyl coenzyme A:cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT) expression. In the present study, although treatment of murine peritoneal macrophages with IFN-gamma resulted in a 2-fold decrease in HDL-mediated cholesterol efflux, efflux to lipid-free apolipoprotein A-I was reduced >4-fold and approached basal levels. This decrease was associated with a 3- to 4-fold reduction in ATP-binding-cassette transporter 1 (ABC1) mRNA content, the gene responsible for the defect in Tangier disease. Consistent with the reduction in cholesterol and phospholipid efflux in Tangier fibroblasts, downregulation of ABC1 expression by IFN-gamma also resulted in reduced phosphatidylcholine and sphingomyelin efflux to apolipoprotein A-I. Whereas foam cells had a 3-fold increase in ABC1 mRNA, the decrease in ABC1 message levels by IFN-gamma was observed in foam cells and control macrophages. This effect of IFN-gamma was independent of general macrophage activation (inasmuch as similar changes were not detected with granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor) and was not observed with other ABC transporters (inasmuch as the expression of the transporter in antigen processing was upregulated 4-fold in these same cells). Therefore, by decreasing cholesterol efflux through pathways that include the upregulation of ACAT and the downregulation of ABC1, IFN-gamma can shift the equilibrium between macrophages and foam cells and thus impact the progression of an atherosclerotic lesion.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiovascular Research, Lilly Research Labs, Indianapolis, IN 46285, USA.
authors.forename: C G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Panousis
authors.forename: S H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Zuckerman
mesh_terms: D018528:ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters / Q000235:genetics*; D000818:Animals; D016632:Apolipoprotein A-I / Q000378:metabolism; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000378:metabolism; D005487:Foam Cells / Q000378:metabolism*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000494:pharmacology; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017737:Macrophages, Peritoneal / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D013631:Tangier Disease / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D018528:ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters; D016632:Apolipoprotein A-I; D007371:Interferon-gamma; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor; D002784:Cholesterol