title: Exfoliative cytology of lymphoepitheliomalike carcinoma of the uterine cervix. A report of two cases.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Lymphoepitheliomalike carcinomas (LECs) are morphologically similar to undifferentiated nasopharyngeal carcinoma but occur at sites other than the nasopharynx. They rarely occur in the uterine cervix. Sixty-five cases of LEC of the cervix have been published to date, and the pitfalls of histopathologic interpretation have been discussed. This undifferentiated carcinoma with a prominent lymphocytic infiltrate represents a challenge for the pathologist examining a scant cervical biopsy or Pap smear. Distinguishing LEC as a separate entity is important. Despite the fact that the epithelial component is poorly differentiated, this neoplasm is associated with a lower frequency of lymph node metastases, is potentially radiosensitive and has a better prognosis. Although mentioned in passing in several papers, the exfoliative cytology of this cervical neoplasm has not been adequately discussed. We report the cytologic features of LEC in cervical smears obtained from two patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  The first patient presented with menometrorrhagia and postcoital bleeding. The cervical smear taken at the time of presentation was reported as unsatisfactory for evaluation. ASCUS was diagnosed on a vaginal smear obtained one year earlier. The second patient presented with a complaint of postcoital bleeding. A cervical smear and the cervical biopsy taken at the time of presentation were reported as ASCUS and high grade dysplasia versus carcinoma, respectively. A retrospective review of the cervical smears revealed rare malignant cells occurring singly or in small groups. The tumor cells had a high nuclear/cytoplasmic ratio, irregular nuclear membrane and hyperchromatic nuclei with coarse chromatin and were obscured by heavy inflammation and blood. The background resembled that of a menstrual smear.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The diagnosis of LEC of the cervix is often made on a loop electrical excision procedure or on a hysterectomy specimen. The presence of heavy inflammation and blood, which can obscure the malignant nature of the cells, presents the cytopathologist with a challenging diagnosis of LEC in cervical smears. In view of the prognostic implications, it is desirable for the pathologist to classify LEC as a distinct entity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus 43210-124010, USA.
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Proca
authors.forename: C L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Hitchcock
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Keyhani-Rofagha
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D002584:Cervix Uteri / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007044:Hysterectomy; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery