title: Stereotactic injection of adenoviral vectors that target gene expression to specific pituitary cell types: implications for gene therapy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Gene therapy is a potentially useful strategy for the treatment of pituitary adenomas or hormone deficiency disorders. We investigated the feasibility of targeting gene expression to specific pituitary cell types in vivo, using a combination of stereotactic injection and adenoviral vectors that carry pituitary-specific promoters.
  
  
  METHODS
  Recombinant adenoviruses containing the human growth hormone promoter (AdGHGal) or the human glycoprotein hormone alpha-subunit promoter (AdalphaGal) were used to drive expression of the beta-galactosidase gene. The expression of beta-galactosidase activity in the pituitary was analyzed after the administration of recombinant adenoviruses via the peripheral vein or the carotid artery, or by stereotactic injection into the rat pituitary. Double-label histology was used to evaluate cell-type expression in the pituitary.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Intravascular injection of AdGHGal or AdalphaGal failed to deliver the marker gene to the pituitary. However, direct stereotactic injection of recombinant adenoviral vectors into the pituitary achieved a high level of transgene expression. In addition, immunohistochemical staining revealed selective expression of the AdGHGal or AdalphaGal transgenes in pituitary cells that normally produce the respective hormones.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings indicate that adenoviral vectors carrying pituitary gland-specific promoters may be useful for targeted gene therapy of pituitary diseases. However, because of low transduction after peripheral administration, stereotactic injection or local administration of viruses at the time of pituitary surgery is probably required for efficient gene expression.
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Molecular Medicine, Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA.
authors.forename: E J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Thimmapaya
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Jameson
mesh_terms: D000236:Adenoma / Q000235:genetics / Q000628:therapy; D000256:Adenoviridae / Q000235:genetics*; D000818:Animals; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000502:physiology; D018014:Gene Transfer Techniques; D015316:Genetic Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D005822:Genetic Vectors / Q000235:genetics*; D019382:Human Growth Hormone / Q000172:deficiency / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D007018:Hypopituitarism / Q000235:genetics / Q000628:therapy; D007267:Injections; D010902:Pituitary Gland / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D010911:Pituitary Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000628:therapy; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013238:Stereotaxic Techniques; D001616:beta-Galactosidase / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D019382:Human Growth Hormone; D001616:beta-Galactosidase