title: Lengthening of the postoperative short nose: combined use of a gull-wing concha composite graft and a rib costochondral dorsal onlay graft.
abstract: Several causes of short nose are known: congenital anomaly, developmental problem, trauma, and various types of rhinoplasty-the postoperative short nose being one of the most difficult problems to correct in plastic surgery. Contracted skin envelope, tissue deficiency of cartilage and mucosal lining, and poor circulation make postoperative short nose difficult to lengthen and susceptible to recurrence. Thus, for effective lengthening and long-term maintenance of it, specific grafts should be used to supplement the missing lining and cartilage and a mechanical support also is needed to withstand the skin contraction. The nose consists of three structural layers: the outer skin envelope, middle osteocartilaginous framework, and inner mucosal lining. Many methods have been proposed to correct short nose deformity. Those procedures lengthen the nose slightly, but none of them take into account the unique characteristics of postoperative causes and the structural concept of the nose. The procedures have resulted in only limited success. On the basis of the above clinical findings and the structural concept, we developed a surgical technique to correct postoperative short nose according to the structural layers. Our method consists of three main surgical maneuvers: (1) a gull-wing concha chondrocutaneous composite graft to supplement the deficient middle and inner layers, (2) a rib costochondral onlay graft on the dorsum to reinforce the framework, and (3) wide dissection of the outer skin envelope to cover the lengthened framework without tension. We prefer a closed surgical approach rather than an open approach to avoid too much tension on the columellar incision site and to allay patients' fear of an additional scar. From 1988 to 1998, we performed our lengthening technique on six female patients. All six patients demonstrated a significant lengthening and improved appearance postoperatively. After the lengthening procedure, the average nasolabial angle improved from 116 degrees to 104 degrees. The mean follow-up period was 8.7 months, with a range of 3 to 17 months. Sometimes, epidermal sloughing in the vertical strut of the gull-wing
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Korea. lyh2374@plaza.snu.ac.kr
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002356:Cartilage / Q000637:transplantation*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D012086:Reoperation; D012225:Rhinoplasty / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*