title: Review article: The molecular era of bladder research. Transgenic mice as experimental tools in the study of outlet obstruction.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To review the crucial role of transgenic mice as experimental tools in the study of outlet obstruction.
  
  
  METHODS
  We reviewed the literature for studies that have used mice as models for outlet obstruction.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The combination of genetic manipulations and cellular physiology defines state-of-the-art experiments that explore the reciprocal mesenchymal-epithelial interactions that regulate bladder cell mechanisms.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The use of transgenic mice in bladder research has provided important data with respect to the molecular signals that drive bladder development, homeostasis, and the response to injury.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pediatric Urology, Department of Surgery, Children's Hospital and Regional Medical Center, Seattle, Washington, USA.
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Bassuk
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Grady
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mitchell
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005346:Fibroblast Growth Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D051379:Mice; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D012106:Research; D001748:Urinary Bladder Neck Obstruction / Q000235:genetics*; D019459:Urothelium / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D005346:Fibroblast Growth Factors