title: Diagnostic primer sets for microsatellite instability optimized for a minimal amount of damaged DNA from colorectal tissue samples.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The diagnosis of microsatellite instability from a minimal amount of highly damaged DNA, extracted from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue by the microdissection method, is difficult. Therefore, optimized primer sets were newly designed for substitution of documented ones.
  
  
  METHODS
  DNA was extracted from 15 archival colorectal carcinomas and used as templates for polymerase chain reaction. Nine standard microsatellite markers (BAT-25, BAT-26, BAT-40, D18S69, D2S123, D5S346, D10S197, D17S250, and D18S58) were selected for diagnosis of microsatellite instability in colorectal carcinomas. All polymerase chain reaction conditions for primer sets were unified to save experimental time.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The primer sets for the latter five markers documented in the literature were redesigned because of poor efficiency for damaged DNA. As a result, the number of DNA samples, sufficiently amplified at all markers, improved from 0% to 93%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Diagnostic primer sets for microsatellite instability, optimized for a minimal amount of damaged DNA from colorectal tissue samples, were established.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgical Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Japan. umetani-1su@h.u-tokyo.ac.jp
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Umetani
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sasaki
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ishigami
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ueda
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nagawa
mesh_terms: D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D005784:Gene Amplification; D006801:Humans; D018895:Microsatellite Repeats; D016612:Paraffin Embedding; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D016707:Tissue Fixation
chemical_list: D004273:DNA, Neoplasm