title: Evaluation of a container for collection and shipment of semen with potential uses in population-based, clinical, and occupational settings.
abstract: Large, population-based studies of semen quality are encumbered by the logistics and expense of obtaining semen samples from men who live in a variety of locations. A prototype semen collection and transportation kit, the TRANSEM100, can be distributed to study participants and then directly shipped to a central laboratory for analysis. This study was designed to evaluate the ability of male volunteers to correctly use the kit. Thirty volunteers aged 20 to 44 years with no history of diabetes, recent chemotherapy, fertility problems, or vasectomy were recruited through a newspaper advertisement, interviewed to obtain demographic information, and instructed on the use of the kit. Twenty-six of the initial subjects provided at least 1 semen specimen using the kit and returned the specimens by overnight delivery to the laboratory for analysis, 25 completed a follow-up interview on the use of the collection kit, and 20 submitted a second semen sample using the same method. The average volunteer was white, 27.8 years old, and held at least a college degree. Forty percent of the volunteers were married. In general, participants correctly followed the instructions for collecting, packaging, and shipping the semen samples. Volunteers were instructed to collect samples after at least 2, but no more than 7 days of abstinence. For the first and second samples submitted, participants collected semen samples after an average of 3.3 and 3.9 days of abstinence, respectively. Seventeen (65%) of the samples from the first sampling period and 16 (80%) of the samples from the second period were received in the laboratory the day after they had been collected. In summary, the TRANSEM100 may prove to be useful for collecting human semen in field studies. Further testing of this method is warranted to evaluate preservation of sample quality and use of the kit by men among diverse socioeconomic groups.
authors.affiliation: HSD/NHEERL, US Environmental Protection Agency, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.
authors.forename: M O
authors.initials: MO
authors.lastname: Royster
authors.forename: D T
authors.initials: DT
authors.lastname: Lobdell
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mendola
authors.forename: S D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Perreault
authors.forename: S G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Selevan
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Rothmann
authors.forename: W A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Robbins
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015925:Cryopreservation / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D007248:Infertility, Male / Q000175:diagnosis*; D007753:Laboratories / Q000592:standards; D008297:Male; D016272:Occupational Health; D010349:Patient Compliance; D011177:Postal Service; D011786:Quality Control; D012662:Semen Preservation / Q000379:methods*; D013048:Specimen Handling / Q000379:methods*; D014186:Transportation