Interleukin 6 promotes vasculogenesis of murine brain microvessel endothelial cells.
Interleukin 6 (IL-6) is a cytokine that acts on a wide range of tissues influencing cell growth and differentiation. Here we show that IL-6 plays a role in the early vascular development (vasculogenesis) in the central nervous system (CNS). We report that IL-6 induces the proliferation of brain microvascular endothelial cells in vitro. Furthermore, IL-6 significantly accelerates the formation of tube-like structures by these cells in Matrigel basement matrix. Moreover, IL-6 mRNA is expressed in vivo in two physiological conditions in which vascularization in the CNS is important: (1) during normal brain development, (2) during the healing process of a traumatic brain injury. Expression of IL-6 mRNA coincides with the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) mRNA in the developing brain with decreasing expression following birth. However, IL-6 mRNA can be detected in the healing adult murine brain tissue by in situ hybridization coinciding with the period of intense tissue reorganization. The transient upregulation of IL-6 mRNA during normal brain development and at brain injury site and the effect of IL-6 on in vitro vasculogenesis suggest that IL-6 may play a role in normal physiology of vascularization in the CNS.
Fee
D
D
Department of Neurology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53706, USA.
Grzybicki
D
D
Dobbs
M
M
Ihyer
S
S
Clotfelter
J
J
Macvilay
S
S
Hart
M N
MN
Sandor
M
M
Fabry
Z
Z
D000375:Aging; D000818:Animals; D001485:Basement Membrane; D001921:Brain / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000196:embryology / Q000254:growth & development; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002560:Cerebrovascular Circulation; D003094:Collagen; D004338:Drug Combinations; D005314:Embryonic and Fetal Development; D016228:Endothelial Growth Factors / Q000235:genetics; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000502:physiology*; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology; D007797:Laminin; D008222:Lymphokines / Q000235:genetics; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008833:Microcirculation / Q000502:physiology*; D018919:Neovascularization, Physiologic / Q000502:physiology*; D011509:Proteoglycans; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D042442:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors
D004338:Drug Combinations; D016228:Endothelial Growth Factors; D015850:Interleukin-6; D007797:Laminin; D008222:Lymphokines; D011509:Proteoglycans; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D042442:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors; C059485:matrigel; D003094:Collagen