title: Evaluation of gut motility in type II diabetes by the radiopaque marker method.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The clinical usefulness of the radiopaque marker method for detecting diabetic gastrointestinal motility disturbances, was evaluated by examining 21 type II diabetes subjects who did not have any neuropathic symptoms.
  
  
  METHODS
  After administration of a Sitzmark capsule, markers were located using plain abdominal radiographs, and the transit time of the markers through seven areas of digestive tract was calculated by Arhan's methods. The plasma concentration of acetaminophen at 45 min after oral administration was measured to evaluate gastric emptying time. The coefficient of variation of R-R intervals on the electrocardiograms (CV(R-R)) was measured to evaluate parasympathetic autonomic function.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the diabetics, the average (+/- SD) transit time through upper digestive tracts was slightly but not significantly elongated compared with control subjects (14.4 +/- 8.3 vs 9.9 +/- 6.1 h). Significant elongation was observed in transit time through the lower digestive tracts or the whole gut (44.6 +/- 20.9 and 57.9 +/- 22.3 h, respectively) compared with control subjects (23.3 +/- 8.5 and 33.2 +/- 11.0 h). The transit time of the markers from stomach to small intestine was highly correlated (r = 0.693) with plasma concentration of acetaminophen. The transit time through either the whole colon (r = 0.564) or the whole gut (r = 0.630) was highly correlated with CV(R-R).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings suggest that the radiopaque marker method is a useful tool for detecting the sections of the digestive tract responsible for gut motility disturbances. In type II diabetics with no neuropathic symptoms, the lower digestive tracts may deteriorate prior to the impairment of upper digestive tracts.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Iida
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ikeda
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kishimoto
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tsujino
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kaneto
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Matsuhisa
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kajimoto
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Watarai
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yamasaki
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hori
mesh_terms: D000082:Acetaminophen / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D000284:Administration, Oral; D018712:Analgesics, Non-Narcotic / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D001341:Autonomic Nervous System / Q000503:physiopathology; D003106:Colon / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000294:innervation / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004562:Electrocardiography; D005260:Female; D005769:Gastrointestinal Motility / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007421:Intestine, Small / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000294:innervation / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011187:Posture / Q000502:physiology; D011379:Prognosis; D011859:Radiography; D013270:Stomach / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000294:innervation / Q000503:physiopathology*
chemical_list: D018712:Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; D003287:Contrast Media; D000082:Acetaminophen