title: Testicular torsion: time is the enemy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The acute scrotum is a diagnostic dilemma, and testicular torsion is of primary interest because of its fertility problems for the patient and medico-legal issues for the surgeon. The present study aimed to correlate operative findings of patients with suspected testicular torsion with certain clinical variables and investigations to see if diagnosis and outcome could be improved.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 99 patients underwent scrotal exploration for suspected testicular torsion at the Royal Brisbane Hospital between 1990 and 1995. Colour Doppler ultrasound, white blood count and urine microscopy results were documented, along with the patient's age and duration of testicular pain.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fifty-six patients were found to have torsion, and the testicular loss rate was 23%. Patients who experienced testicular pain for longer than 12 h had a testicular loss rate of 67%. A negative urine microscopy was suggestive of testicular torsion, but was not diagnostic. The white blood count did not aid in the diagnosis. Colour Doppler ultrasound of the scrotum was used on nine occasions with three false negative results and a sensitivity of only 57%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Time is the enemy when managing the acute scrotum. No investigation substantially improves clinical diagnosis enough to warrant any delay in definitive surgical intervention.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Royal Brisbane Hospital, Herston, Queensland, Australia.
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Dunne
authors.forename: B S
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: O'Loughlin
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D013086:Spermatic Cord Torsion / Q000601:surgery*; D013997:Time Factors