Recruitment of chromatin remodeling machines.
The assembly of eukaryotic DNA into folded nucleosomal arrays has drastic consequences for many nuclear processes that require access to the DNA sequence, including RNA transcription, DNA replication, recombination, and repair. Two types of highly conserved chromatin remodeling enzymes have been implicated as regulators of the repressive nature of chromatin structure: ATP-dependent remodeling complexes and nuclear histone acetyltransferases (HATs). Recent studies indicate that both types of enzymes can be recruited to chromosomal loci through either physical interactions with transcriptional activators or via the global accessibility of chromatin during S phase of the cell cycle. Here we review these recent observations and discuss the implications for gene-specific regulation by chromatin remodeling machines.
Peterson
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Program in Molecular Medicine and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, USA. craig.peterson@umassmed.edu
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D000123:Acetyltransferases / Q000378:metabolism; D002843:Chromatin / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D004271:DNA, Fungal / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D005656:Fungal Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D015966:Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal; D051548:Histone Acetyltransferases; D011494:Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D016196:S Phase; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins; D015534:Trans-Activators / Q000378:metabolism
D002843:Chromatin; D004271:DNA, Fungal; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D005656:Fungal Proteins; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins; D015534:Trans-Activators; D000123:Acetyltransferases; D051548:Histone Acetyltransferases; D011494:Protein Kinases