title: 10 microg CCK-4 premedication and 35% CO2 challenge in healthy volunteers.
abstract: 1. The purpose of the study was to confirm whether a subthreshold dose of CCK-4 would enhance the vulnerability of healthy subjects to a 35% carbon dioxide challenge. 2. 40 subjects, with no prior or present psychiatric disorder and in good physical health were challenged with a vital capacity breath of a 35% carbon dioxide 65% oxygen mixture, immediately after an intravenous injection of 10 microg CCK-4 or placebo, according to a random order, double blind, separate group design. 3. Subjects reported significantly less anxiety and panic symptoms upon carbon dioxide after premedication with CCK-4 than after placebo. 4. CCK-4 and carbon dioxide seem to inhibit rather than enhance each other's effects, possibly through an effect on different neurobiological systems.
authors.affiliation: University of Maastricht, Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology and Academic Anxiety Center, The Netherlands. koen.schruers@pn.unimass.nl
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Schruers
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Pols
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Overbeek
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Griez
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001007:Anxiety / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013758:Tetragastrin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D013758:Tetragastrin; D002245:Carbon Dioxide