title: Wisconsin cystic fibrosis chest radiograph scoring system: validation and standardization for application to longitudinal studies.
abstract: This study was designed to achieve a final modeling, validation, and standardization plan for the Wisconsin cystic fibrosis (CF) chest radiographic scoring system. Sixty chest radiographs were selected to reflect a range of severity of lung pathology in children with CF. Seven experienced volunteer raters (three radiologists and four pediatric pulmonologists) from five institutions were recruited to evaluate and score the films. Analysis of scores revealed that the subcomponents of the Wisconsin system showed considerable variation from rater to rater, but reliability assessment indicated satisfactory Cronbach's alpha coefficients (0.83-0.90) among the seven raters. It was found that an additive method of total score computation is significantly more reliable (P < 0.05) than either the original multiplicative model or the traditional Brasfield scoring system. Comparison of radiologists and pulmonologists revealed a marked, systematic difference in scoring with the former group being more conservative in interpretation of abnormalities than the pulmonologists, and some of the raters showing very limited sensitivity. Quantitative chest radiology applied to children with cystic fibrosis studied long-term in longitudinal research projects requires the careful use of sensitive scoring methods and careful selection and training of multiple raters. This is particularly important since pulmonologists and radiologists can differ systematically in interpreting/scoring abnormalities.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistics, University of Wisconsin Medical School, Madison, Wisconsin.
authors.forename: R E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Koscik
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Kosorok
authors.forename: P M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Farrell
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Collins
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Peters
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Laxova
authors.forename: C G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Green
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zeng
authors.forename: L S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Rusakow
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Hardie
authors.forename: P W
authors.initials: PW
authors.lastname: Campbell
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Gurney
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D003550:Cystic Fibrosis / Q000145:classification / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D015588:Observer Variation; D013902:Radiography, Thoracic / Q000592:standards / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012016:Reference Values; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012720:Severity of Illness Index