title: Petrous high jugular bulb: a histological study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A high jugular bulb (JB) is thought to affect structures of the inner ear and possibly cause symptoms there, but clear histological findings of an anatomical relationship between a high JB and the inner ear have not yet been described.
  
  
  METHODS
  We surveyed horizontal sections of 1,591 temporal bones from the collection of the Otopathology Laboratory at the University of Minnesota in Minneapolis, Minnesota, defining a high JB as a JB extending above the inferior margin of the basal cochlear turn.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In 65 specimens (16%), we found a high JB with its vascular wall obviously thinner than that of a low JB. Bony resorption was occasionally observed around high JBs. Sixteen specimens showed a bony deshiscence between the JB and the endolymphatic sac. Clinical charts showed no obvious symptoms associated with a high JB.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings suggest that the JB may have potential to expand upward postnatally. Although our study confirmed occasional bony dehiscence between the JB and the endolymphatic sac, JBs with this involvement may have only a minor effect on function in the inner ear.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, University of Minnesota School of Medicine, Minneapolis, USA.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kawano
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tono
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Schachern
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Paparella
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Komune
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001862:Bone Resorption / Q000473:pathology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003052:Cochlear Aqueduct / Q000473:pathology; D004712:Endolymphatic Sac / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007601:Jugular Veins; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010579:Petrous Bone / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000473:pathology*; D012665:Semicircular Canals / Q000473:pathology