title: Angiotensin II activates nuclear transcription factor kappaB through AT(1) and AT(2) in vascular smooth muscle cells: molecular mechanisms.
abstract: Nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) regulates many genes involved in vascular physiopathology. We have previously observed in vivo NF-kappaB activation in injured vessels that diminished by angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition. In the present work, we investigated the effect of angiotensin II (Ang II) on NF-kappaB activity in rat vascular smooth muscle cells, evaluating the molecular mechanisms and the specific receptor subtype involved. Ang II increased NF-kappaB DNA binding (5-fold, 10(-)(9) mol/L at 1 hour; electrophoretic mobility shift assay), nuclear translocation of p50/p65 subunits, and cytosolic inhibitor kappaBalpha (IkappaBalpha) degradation. Ang II elicited NF-kappaB-mediated transcription (transfection of a reporter gene) and expression of NF-kappaB-related genes (monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and angiotensinogen). AT(1) (DUP753) and AT(2) (PD123319 and CGP42112) receptor antagonists inhibited Ang II-induced NF-kappaB DNA binding in a dose-dependent manner ( approximately 85% for each one; 10(-)(5) mol/L at 1 hour). The AT(2) agonist p-aminophenylalanine(6)-Ang II augmented NF-kappaB binding (4.6-fold, 10(-)(9) mol/L at 1 hour), p65 nuclear levels, and transcription of an NF-kappaB reporter gene. AT(1) antagonist markedly inhibited NF-kappaB-mediated transcription and gene expression. Some differences between AT(1)/AT(2) intracellular signals were found. Antioxidants and ceramide inhibitors, but not protein kinase C inhibitors, diminished NF-kappaB activation elicited by both Ang II and the AT(2) agonist, while tyrosine kinase inhibitors only decreased Ang II-induced NF-kappaB activity. Our results demonstrate that Ang II activates NF-kappaB via AT(1) and AT(2), although NF-kappaB-mediated transcription occurred mainly through AT(1). Both receptors share some signaling pathways (oxygen radicals and ceramide); however, tyrosine kinases only participate in AT(1)/NF-kappaB responses. These data provide novel insights into Ang II actions, suggesting a potential implication of the AT(2) in the pathobiology of vascular cells.
authors.affiliation: Vascular and Renal Research Laboratory, Fundación Jimenez Diaz, Universidad Autónoma Madrid, Spain. mruizo@fjd.es
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ruiz-Ortega
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Lorenzo
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rupérez
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: König
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Wittig
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Egido
mesh_terms: D000804:Angiotensin II / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D001692:Biological Transport / Q000187:drug effects; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000378:metabolism; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003600:Cytosol / Q000378:metabolism; D020672:I-kappa B Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D009131:Muscle, Smooth, Vascular / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D052002:NF-kappa B p50 Subunit; D051381:Rats; D044140:Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1; D044139:Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 2; D011945:Receptors, Angiotensin / Q000502:physiology*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology; D051996:Transcription Factor RelA; D014158:Transcription, Genetic / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D020672:I-kappa B Proteins; D016328:NF-kappa B; D052002:NF-kappa B p50 Subunit; D044140:Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1; D044139:Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 2; D011945:Receptors, Angiotensin; D051996:Transcription Factor RelA; D000804:Angiotensin II