title: Cloning of the minor allergen Api g 4 profilin from celery (Apium graveolens) and its cross-reactivity with birch pollen profilin Bet v 2.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Profilin is a panallergen that is recognized by IgE from about 20% of birch pollen- and plant food-allergic patients. A subgroup of celery-allergic patients shows IgE-reactivity with this minor allergen. To investigate the IgE-binding potential and cross-reactivity of celery profilin at the molecular level, this study was aimed at the cloning and immunological characterization of this allergen.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Cloning, expression and purification of profilin from celery tuber to characterize its immunological properties and its cross-reactivity with birch pollen profilin.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cloning of celery profilin was performed by polymerase chain reaction using degenerated primers and a 5'RACE method for the identification of the unknown 5'-end of the cDNA. Expression was carried out in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) using a modified vector pET-30a. The recombinant profilin was purified by affinity chromatography on poly L-proline coupled to sepharose. Immunological characterization was performed by immunoblotting, EAST and IgE-inhibition experiments.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The coding region of the cDNA of celery profilin was identified as a 399-bp open reading frame, coding for a protein of 133 amino acids with a calculated molecular weight of 14.3 kDa. The deduced amino acid sequence of the corresponding protein showed high identity with other plant profilins (71-82%) recently described as allergens. Celery profilin was isolated as highly pure nonfusion protein. The IgE-reactivity of celery profilin was similar to that of natural protein. Seven of 17 celery-allergic patients tested presented specific IgE-antibodies to the recombinant protein tested by immunoblotting. Inhibition experiments showed high cross-reactivity of IgE with both profilins from celery and birch pollen. Moreover, the biological activity of recombinant celery profilin was demonstrated by a histamine release assay.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Celery profilin is an important allergenic compound in celery and shows high homology to birch pollen profilin, Bet v 2. According to the revised IUIS allergen nomenclature, we suggest naming the celery profilin Api g 4. In addition to the cross-reacting major allergens Api g 1 and Bet v 1, birch pollinosis and associated allergies to celery can therefore additionally be explained by the cross-reactivity between homologous profilins. Moreover, recombinant Api g 4 may be used for target-specific diagnosis and structural analyses.
authors.affiliation: Paul Ehrlich Institute, Department of Allergology, Paul Ehrlich Street 51-59, D-63225 Langen, Germany.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Scheurer
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wangorsch
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Haustein
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vieths
mesh_terms: D000485:Allergens / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000302:isolation & purification; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D019661:Apiaceae / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology*; D001483:Base Sequence; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D003285:Contractile Proteins; D003429:Cross Reactions / Q000276:immunology; D017931:DNA Primers / Q000737:chemistry; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004591:Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005512:Food Hypersensitivity / Q000209:etiology / Q000276:immunology; D015870:Gene Expression; D006636:Histamine Release; D006801:Humans; D008840:Microfilament Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000302:isolation & purification; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000302:isolation & purification; D011058:Pollen / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D051304:Profilins; D012313:RNA / Q000302:isolation & purification; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA
chemical_list: D000485:Allergens; D003285:Contractile Proteins; D017931:DNA Primers; D008840:Microfilament Proteins; D010940:Plant Proteins; D051304:Profilins; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D012313:RNA