title: Birthweight percentiles by gestational age in multiple births. A population-based study of Norwegian twins and triplets.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess secular trends for birthweight by gestational age in twins in Norway and to develop current national birthweight standards by gestational age for twin and triplet births using population-based data.
  
  
  METHODS
  The analysis of secular trends for birthweight and gestational age in twins was based on 32,379 twin livebirths (1967-95). Taking into account the observed secular trends in birthweight for 35-40 weeks of gestation, data on twins born during 1987-95 only were included in the calculation of birthweight percentiles for 35-40 weeks, while for lower and upper weeks, data on twins born during 1967-95 were used. The construction of birthweight-for-gestation curves for triplets was based on the data on 690 triplets.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Whereas the overall mean birthweight and gestational age decreased in 1987-95 compared with the previous years, the mean birthweights by gestational age for the 35-40 weeks of gestation was significantly higher in 1987-95. Male twins weighed more than female twins throughout the gestation with consistent and significant differences from 27 to 42 weeks of gestation. Smoothed curves for birthweight-by-gestational-age percentiles of male and female twins are plotted. The birthweight-by-gestational-age curves of triplets were almost identical with twin curves before 30 weeks of gestation, starting to diverge from them progressively thereafter. The intrauterine growth of twin births also starts to differ markedly from singletons at approximately 30 weeks of gestation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study shows that plurality-specific birthweight-by-gestation standards should be used for assessment of fetal growth in multiple births rather than singleton standards.
authors.affiliation: Department of Population Health Sciences, National Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: S V
authors.initials: SV
authors.lastname: Glinianaia
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Skjaerven
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Magnus
mesh_terms: D001724:Birth Weight; D005314:Embryonic and Fetal Development; D005260:Female; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D009664:Norway / Q000453:epidemiology; D012042:Registries; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014310:Triplets / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D014427:Twins / Q000706:statistics & numerical data