title: Efficacy of chest CT in a pediatric ICU: a prospective study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  (1) To determine whether chest CT provides additional information compared with chest radiography regarding the nature of intrathoracic disease in critically ill children, (2) to determine whether such information alters clinical management, (3) to assess the role of a low-dose high-resolution CT (HRCT) protocol in pediatric ICU (PICU) patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Specialized PICU in a teaching hospital serving London and the south of England.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty children (age range, 3 weeks to 12 years; median, 11 months) underwent chest CT during a 33-month period. Inclusion criteria were (1) inconclusive diagnosis from chest radiograph (CXR) or (2) CXR appearances inconsistent with high oxygenation or ventilatory requirements (PaO(2) to fraction of inspired oxygen ratio < 30 or mean airway pressure > 15 cm H(2)O).
  
  
  METHODS
  Low-dose HRCT scans (50 mA, 2-mm slice thickness at intervals of 10 or 15 mm) were performed on 12 patients, and helical CT (50 to 250 mA; pitch, 1 to 1.5) performed on 8 patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  CT provided additional information regarding the nature of intrathoracic disease in 17 of 20 patients (85%) and resulted in changes to subsequent clinical management in 12 of 20 patients (60%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Chest CT can add to the accuracy of intrathoracic diagnosis provided by the CXR and may directly influence the acute management of critically ill children. The CT protocol should be tailored to the clinical and radiologic question posed for each individual patient. Noncontiguous HRCT can often provide accurate assessment of pulmonary parenchymal and pleural disease at a reduced radiation dose compared with helical CT.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Diagnostic Radiology, Imperial College School of Medicine at St. Mary's Hospital, London, United Kingdom. karenthomas5@yahoo.com
authors.forename: K E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Owens
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Britto
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nadel
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Habibi
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Nicholson
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003422:Critical Care; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D012140:Respiratory Tract Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed