title: Primary repair of aortic arch obstruction with ventricular septal defect in preterm and low birth weight infants.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Previous reports have suggested that prematurity and low birth weight are risk factors for definitive surgical intervention in congenital cardiac malformations. The following data review our experience with primary repair of the complex malformation of aortic arch obstruction with ventricular septal defect (VSD) in this patient population.
  
  
  METHODS
  Since 1988, 21 consecutive preterm (</=36 weeks) and/or low birth weight (<3000 g) infants with interrupted aortic arch (IAA; n=10), or aortic coarctation (n=11) with VSD, underwent primary arch repair and VSD closure. The mean weight at operation was 2310 g (range, 1200-2900 g), including 12 patients at </=2500 g. The gestational age ranged from 30 to 41 weeks (mean, 36.4 weeks). Five patients with interrupted arch and two patients with coarctation also had severe subaortic stenosis, which was relieved by transatrial incision of the infundibular septum.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The overall hospital mortality was 14% (3/21). Death was related to low cardiac output in association with severe subaortic stenosis (n=2) and sepsis (n=1). Late mortality occurred in three patients, two of which were non-cardiac. The mean follow-up was 33 months. Two patients had significant recurrent arch obstruction, which was successfully relieved by balloon angioplasty and surgical correction in one each. The survival at 30 days, and at 1 and 3 years was 86, 76 and 70%, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Complete primary repair of aortic arch obstruction with VSD can be achieved with good results, even in the preterm and low birth weight infant. Therefore, early surgical repair of this congenital malformation is recommended.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pediatric Cardiovascular Surgery, Section of Cardiac Surgery, F7830 C.S. Mott Children's Hospital, University of Michigan School of Medicine, 1500 East Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Haas
authors.forename: C S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Goldberg
authors.forename: R G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Ohye
authors.forename: R S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Mosca
authors.forename: E L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Bove
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001013:Aorta, Thoracic / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D001157:Arterial Occlusive Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery*; D006348:Cardiac Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods* / Q000401:mortality; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006330:Heart Defects, Congenital / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery*; D006345:Heart Septal Defects, Ventricular / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D007230:Infant, Low Birth Weight; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature; D008297:Male; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D015996:Survival Rate; D016896:Treatment Outcome