title: Vaccine-induced apoptosis: a novel clinical trial end point?
abstract: The functional end point of immunotherapy is to induce tumor regression. Because immune effector mechanisms usually result in apoptosis, the aim of this study was to determine whether measurement of tumor apoptosis ex vivo is a good end point to evaluate the efficacy of cancer vaccines. A prototype vaccine, 105AD7, was administered to colorectal cancer patients before resection of their primary tumors. There was a significant increase in apoptosis of tumor cells within immunized patients compared with control patients as assessed by immunohistochemistry (P = 0.005; n = 16) or by flow cytometry (P = 0.003; n = 34). Preoperative immunization and measurement of tumor cell apoptosis may be a valuable clinical end point for evaluation of new vaccine and other biological approaches.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Nottingham, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Amin
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Robins
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Maxwell-Armstrong
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Scholefield
authors.forename: L G
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Durrant
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000888:Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic / Q000378:metabolism / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000378:metabolism / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017209:Apoptosis; D019496:Cancer Vaccines / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic / Q000379:methods*; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012107:Research Design; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: C405618:105AD7 antibody; D000888:Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D019496:Cancer Vaccines