title: Electrogenic sodium-sodium exchange carried out by Na,K-ATPase containing the amino acid substitution Glu779Ala.
abstract: Na,K-ATPase containing the amino acid substitution glutamate to alanine at position 779 of the alpha subunit (Glu779Ala) supports a high level of Na-ATPase and electrogenic Na+-Na+ exchange activity in the absence of K+. In microsomal preparations of Glu779Ala enzyme, the Na+ concentration for half maximal activation of Na-ATPase activity was 161 +/- 14 mM (n = 3). Furthermore, enzyme activity with 800 mM Na+ was found to be similar in the presence and absence of 20 mM K+. These results showed that Na+, with low affinity, could stimulate enzyme turnover as effectively as K+. To gain further insight into the mechanism of this enzyme activity, HeLa cells expressing Glu779Ala enzyme were voltage clamped with patch electrodes containing 115 mM Na+ during superfusion in K+-free solutions. Electrogenic Na+-Na+ exchange was observed as an ouabain-inhibitable outward current whose amplitude was proportional to extracellular Na+ (Na+(o)) concentration. At all Na+(o) concentrations tested (3-148 mM), exchange current was maximal at negative membrane potentials (V(M)), but decreased as V(M) became more positive. Analyzing this current at each V(M) with a Hill equation showed that Na+-Na+ exchange had a high-affinity, low-capacity component with an apparent Na+(o) affinity at 0 mV (K0(0.5)) of 13.4 +/- 0.6 mM and a low-affinity, high-capacity component with a K0(0.5) of 120 +/- 13 mM (n = 17). Both high- and low-affinity exchange components were V(M) dependent, dissipating 30 +/- 3% and 82 +/- 6% (n = 17) of the membrane dielectric, respectively. The low-affinity, but not the high-affinity exchange component was inhibited with 2 mM free ADP in the patch electrode solution. These results suggest that the high-affinity component of electrogenic Na+-Na+ exchange could be explained by Na+(o) acting as a low-affinity K+ congener; however, the low-affinity component of electrogenic exchange appeared to be due to forward enzyme cycling activated by Na+(o) binding at a Na+-specific site deep in the membrane dielectric. A pseudo six-state model for the Na,K-ATPase was developed to simulate these data and the results of the accompanying paper (Peluffo, R.D., J.M. Argüello, and J.R. Berlin. 2000. J. Gen. Physiol. 116:47-59). This model showed that alterations in the kinetics of extracellular ion-dependent reactions alone could explain the effects of Glu779Ala substitution on the Na,K-ATPase.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey 07103, USA.
authors.forename: R D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Peluffo
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Argüello
authors.forename: J B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Lingrel
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Berlin
mesh_terms: D000244:Adenosine Diphosphate / Q000494:pharmacology; D000409:Alanine / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D019943:Amino Acid Substitution / Q000502:physiology*; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D018698:Glutamic Acid / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D008564:Membrane Potentials / Q000187:drug effects; D010042:Ouabain / Q000494:pharmacology; D000254:Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D018698:Glutamic Acid; D010042:Ouabain; D000244:Adenosine Diphosphate; D000254:Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase; D000409:Alanine