title: The proliferative and migratory activities of breast cancer cells can be differentially regulated by heparan sulfates.
abstract: To explore how heparan sulfate (HS) controls the responsiveness of the breast cancer cell lines MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 to fibroblast growth factors (FGFs), we have exposed them to HS preparations known to have specificity for FGF-1 (HS glycosaminoglycan (HSGAG A)) or FGF-2 (HSGAGB). Proliferation assays confirmed that MCF-7 cells were highly responsive to FGF-2 complexed with GAGB, whereas migration assays indicated that FGF-1/HSGAGA combinations were stimulatory for the highly invasive MDA-MB-231 cells. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction for the levels of FGF receptor (FGFR) isoforms revealed that MCF-7 cells have greater levels of FGFR1 and that MDA-MB-231 cells have greater relative levels of FGFR2. Cross-linking demonstrated that FGF-2/HSGAGB primarily activated FGFR1, which in turn up-regulated the activity of mitogen-activated protein kinase; in contrast, FGF-1/HSGAGA led to the phosphorylation of equal proportions of both FGFR1 and FGFR2, which in turn led to the up-regulation of Src and p125(FAK). MDA-MB-231 cells were particularly responsive to vitronectin substrates in the presence of FGF-1/HSGAGA, and blocking antibodies established that they used the alpha(v)beta(3) integrin to bind to it. These results suggest that the clustering of particular FGFR configurations on breast cancer cells induced by different HS chains leads to distinct phenotypic behaviors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomical Sciences, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia. v.nurcombe@mailbox.up.edu.au
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Nurcombe
authors.forename: C E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Smart
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Chipperfield
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Cool
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Boilly
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hondermarck
mesh_terms: D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects*; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000187:drug effects*; D016895:Culture Media, Serum-Free; D004347:Drug Interactions; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D016220:Fibroblast Growth Factor 1; D016222:Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006497:Heparan Sulfate / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D010641:Phenotype; D020794:Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D051496:Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 1; D051497:Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 2; D017468:Receptors, Fibroblast Growth Factor / Q000378:metabolism; D019030:Receptors, Vitronectin / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D016895:Culture Media, Serum-Free; D016220:Fibroblast Growth Factor 1; D016222:Fibroblast Growth Factor 2; D006497:Heparan Sulfate; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D020794:Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; D051496:Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 1; D051497:Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 2; D017468:Receptors, Fibroblast Growth Factor; D019030:Receptors, Vitronectin; C496348:FGFR1 protein, human; C496353:FGFR2 protein, human