title: The Whitaker test, a useful tool in renal grafts?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the Whitaker test, a pressure flow examination, for its prognostic value in dilated renal transplants because urologic complications, such as ureteral stenosis, are significant problems after kidney transplantation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-five patients with obstruction of the renal transplant and subsequent percutaneous nephrostomy were evaluated with a urodynamic pressure flow test (Whitaker test) in combination with antegrade pyeloureterography. The results of the Whitaker test were related to the serum creatinine values.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The Whitaker test demonstrated normal pressure flow (less than 15 cm H(2)O) in 7 patients, pressure flow between 15 and 25 cm H(2)O in 10, and pathologic results (greater than 25 cm H(2)O) in 8 patients. After percutaneous nephrostomy, the serum creatinine level decreased in 22 of 25 patients, although the urodynamic pressure flow revealed a significant obstruction (Whitaker test greater than 25 cm H(2)O) in only 8 patients. The sensitivity of the Whitaker test to indicate the relevance of post-renal transplant stenosis in comparison to the declining serum creatinine level after successful percutaneous nephrostomy was 79%; the specificity was 50%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of our study indicate that a decreasing creatinine level in correlation with radiologic results is the leading finding in dilation of transplanted kidneys without rejection. The Whitaker test, as a pressure flow examination, provided no additional information.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, University of Essen, Germany.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sperling
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Becker
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Heemann
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lümmen
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Philipp
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Rübben
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D007677:Kidney Function Tests; D016030:Kidney Transplantation; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014517:Ureteral Obstruction / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology; D014563:Urodynamics
chemical_list: D003404:Creatinine