title: Protection and vulnerability processes relevant for early onset of substance use: a test among African American children.
abstract: This research tested predictions from a self-regulation model of factors relevant for early onset of tobacco and alcohol use with a community sample of 889 African American children (mean age = 10.5 years). Criterion variables were peer substance use, willingness to use substances, and resistance efficacy (intention to refuse substance offers). Structural modeling indicated effects of temperament dimensions were mediated through self-control and risk-taking constructs, which were related to school involvement, life events, and perceived vulnerability to harmful effects of substances. Peer use was predicted by life events, poor self-control, and parent-child conflict; willingness was predicted by life events, risk taking, and (inversely) parental support; and resistance efficacy was predicted by perceived vulnerability and (inversely) poor self-control. Findings are discussed with reference to theoretical models of early protection and vulnerability processes.
authors.affiliation: Health Psychology Training Program, Ferkauf Graduate School of Psychology, and Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Yeshiva University, Bronx, New York 10461, USA. wills@aecom.yu.edu
authors.forename: T A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Wills
authors.forename: F X
authors.initials: FX
authors.lastname: Gibbons
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gerrard
authors.forename: G H
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Brody
mesh_terms: D001741:Black or African American; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010287:Parent-Child Relations; D010379:Peer Group; D010551:Personality; D012307:Risk Factors; D012309:Risk-Taking; D012649:Self Concept; D012944:Social Support; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000208:ethnology / Q000523:psychology*