title: Low-dose oral fluorouracil with eniluracil as first-line chemotherapy against advanced breast cancer: a phase II study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Eniluracil (776C85) is an effective inactivator of dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase that allows continuous low-dose oral fluorouracil (5-FU) to be given with predicable oral bioavailability. We have assessed this as first-line oral chemotherapy for patients with advanced/metastatic breast cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients with histologically proven, locally advanced or metastatic breast cancer without previous chemotherapy for advanced disease were entered onto this open-label phase II study. Patients received oral 5-FU 1.0 mg/m(2) with eniluracil 10 mg/m(2), both given twice daily for the first 28 days of each 35-day cycle, continuing until disease progression or unmanageable toxicity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirty-three patients were entered, with a median age of 53 years. Sixteen partial responses were seen in twenty-nine assessable patients (55%; 95% confidence interval, 37% to 73%), including responses in four (40%) out of 10 patients who had received prior adjuvant 5-FU. Seven patients had stable disease for at least 3 months with symptom improvement. Median response duration was 14 months (range, 10 to 18+ months). Toxicity was low. There were only two episodes of drug-related grade 3 nonhematologic toxicity (diarrhea and infection), and only 6%, 3%, and 3% of patients developed granulocytopenia, thrombocytopenia, and neutropenic sepsis, respectively. Mild (grade 1/2) diarrhea occurred in 39% of patients, hand-foot syndrome in 15%, nausea in 27%, and mucositis in 18%. Toxicity-associated delay and dose reduction occurred in only 2% and 5% of courses, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  First-line treatment with the combination of oral 5-FU and eniluracil has high activity in patients with advanced breast cancer comparable with the most active conventional cytotoxic agents but with strikingly less toxicity.
authors.affiliation: Royal Marsden Hospital, Sutton and London, UK.
authors.forename: I E
authors.initials: IE
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: S R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Johnston
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: O'Brien
authors.forename: T F
authors.initials: TF
authors.lastname: Hickish
authors.forename: R H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: de Boer
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Norton
authors.forename: D T
authors.initials: DT
authors.lastname: Cirkel
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Barton
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000964:Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D001682:Biological Availability; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D005472:Fluorouracil / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014498:Uracil / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000964:Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; C073482:eniluracil; D014498:Uracil; D005472:Fluorouracil