title: Concentrations of substance P and prostaglandin E2 in synovial fluid of normal and abnormal joints of horses.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To correlate substance P content of synovial fluid with prostaglandin E2 content, radiographic evidence of joint abnormality, and anatomic location of the joint for normal and osteoarthritic joints of horses.
  
  
  METHODS
  Synovial fluid from 46 normal joints in 21 horses and 16 osteoarthritic joints in 10 horses.
  
  
  METHODS
  Normal and osteoarthritic joints were identified by clinical and radiographic examination, by response to nerve blocks, during scintigraphy or surgery, or by clinicopathologic evaluation. Substance P and prostaglandin E2 contents of synovial fluid were determined by radioimmunoassay. Radio-graphs of joints were assigned a numeric score reflecting severity of lesions. Joints were assigned a numeric score reflecting anatomic location.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Median concentrations of substance P and prostaglandin E2 were significantly increased in osteoarthritic joints, compared with normal joints. A significant correlation was found between concentrations of substance P and prostaglandin E2 in synovial fluid, but a correlation was not detected between substance P concentration in synovial fluid and anatomic location of the joint or between radiographic scores of osteoarthritic joints and concentrations of substance P or prostaglandin E2.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A correlation existed between concentrations of substance P and prostaglandin E2 in synovial fluid obtained from normal and osteoarthritic joints. However, content of substance P in synovial fluid cannot be predicted by the radiographic appearance of the joint or its anatomic location. Substance P and prostaglandin E2 may share an important and related role in the etiopathogenesis of osteoarthritis, lending credence to the importance of neurogenic inflammation in horses.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University, North Grafton, MA 01536, USA.
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Kirker-Head
authors.forename: V K
authors.initials: VK
authors.lastname: Chandna
authors.forename: R K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Agarwal
authors.forename: E A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Morris
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tidwell
authors.forename: M W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: O'Callaghan
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Rand
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Kumar
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015232:Dinoprostone / Q000032:analysis* / Q000096:biosynthesis; D005260:Female; D006734:Horse Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology*; D006736:Horses; D007592:Joint Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology / Q000662:veterinary*; D008297:Male; D010003:Osteoarthritis / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000662:veterinary*; D011859:Radiography; D011863:Radioimmunoassay / Q000662:veterinary; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D013373:Substance P / Q000032:analysis* / Q000096:biosynthesis; D013582:Synovial Fluid / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D013373:Substance P; D015232:Dinoprostone