title: A novel repair for patients with atrioventricular septal defect requiring reoperation for left atrioventricular valve regurgitation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Left atrioventricular valve regurgitation (LAVVR) is the most frequent indication for reoperation following atrioventricular septal defect (AVSD) repair. We estimate from our experience that within 10 years of initial repair, 14% of patients undergoing repair of atrioventricular septal defect (AVSD) require reoperation for this complication. We have developed a novel leaflet augmentation technique for LAVVR which may avoid failure of conventional repair and/or the need for valve replacement.
  
  
  METHODS
  The novel technique consists of insertion of a glutaraldehyde-treated autologous pericardial patch to augment the bridging leaflets of the atrioventricular valve. We describe the outcome of eight patients in whom this technique was used and compared them to 68 other patients with AVSD undergoing reoperation for LAVVR by either conventional repair (n=54) or valve replacement (n=14).
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were no early deaths or major complications following patch repair. The mean follow-up is 2.3 years (range 1-8.5 years) during which there were no late deaths. Two patients underwent reintervention at 3.5 and 5 years after patch repair for LAVVR and were successfully rerepaired. Mild residual LAVVR was seen at last echocardiography in six patients and mild to moderate in two. These results compare favorably with the 68 patients who underwent conventional surgery. The 3-year freedom from reoperation was 86% for both repair groups. Dysplastic valve tissue appears to be a major risk factor for failure of conventional repair or for valve replacement. Failure of conventional valve repair led to valve replacement in six of seven patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  For patients with late LAVVR after AVSD repair, pericardial leaflet augmentation is durable and may avoid failure of conventional repair or valve replacement in patients with dysplastic valves.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, 555 University Avenue, Suite 1525, ON M5G 1X8, Toronto, Canada.
authors.forename: N C
authors.initials: NC
authors.lastname: Poirier
authors.forename: W G
authors.initials: WG
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: G S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Van Arsdell
authors.forename: J G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Coles
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Smallhorn
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Omran
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Freedom
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001022:Aortic Valve Insufficiency / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery*; D006348:Cardiac Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006344:Heart Septal Defects, Atrial / Q000601:surgery*; D006345:Heart Septal Defects, Ventricular / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D008944:Mitral Valve Insufficiency / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery*; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000601:surgery*; D012086:Reoperation