title: Continuous cider fermentation with co-immobilized yeast and Leuconostoc oenos cells.
abstract: Ca-alginate matrix was used to co-immobilize Saccharomyces bayanus and Leuconostoc oenos in one integrated biocatalytic system in order to perform simultaneously alcoholic and malo-lactic fermentation of apple juice to produce cider, in a continuous packed bed bioreactor. The continuous process permitted much faster fermentation compared with the traditional batch process. The flavor formation was also better controlled. By adjusting the flow rate of feeding substrate through the bioreactor, i.e. its residence time, it was possible to obtain either "soft" or "dry" cider. However, the profile of volatile compounds in the final product was modified comparatively to the batch process, especially for higher alcohols, isoamylacetate, and diacetyl. This modification is due to different physiology states of yeast in two processes. Nevertheless, the taste of cider was quite acceptable.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Food Technology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, Nemanjina 6, P.O. Box 127, 11081, Belgrade-Zemun, Yugoslavia
authors.initials: VA
authors.lastname: Nedovic
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Durieuxb
authors.lastname: Van Nedervelde L
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rosseels
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vandegans
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Plaisant
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Simon