title: The Epstein-Barr virus lytic program is controlled by the co-operative functions of two transactivators.
abstract: The propagation of herpesviruses has long been viewed as a temporally regulated sequential process that results from the consecutive expression of specific viral transactivators. As a key step in this process, lytic viral DNA replication is considered as a checkpoint that controls the expression of the late structural viral genes. In a novel genetic approach, we show that both hypotheses do not hold true for the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). The study of viral mutants of EBV in which the early genes BZLF1 and BRLF1 are deleted allowed a precise assignment of the function of these proteins. Both transactivators were absolutely essential for viral DNA replication. Both BZLF1 and BRLF1 were required for full expression of the EBV proteins expressed during the lytic program, although the respective influence of these molecules on the expression of various viral target genes varied greatly. In replication-defective viral mutants, neither early gene expression nor DNA replication was a prerequisite for late gene expression. This work shows that BRLF1 and BZLF1 harbor distinct but complementary functions that influence all stages of viral production.
authors.affiliation: GSF-National Research Center for Environment and Health, Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology and Tumor Genetics, D-81377 Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Feederle
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kost
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Baumann
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Janz
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Drouet
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Hammerschmidt
authors.forename: H J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Delecluse
mesh_terms: D002460:Cell Line; D004261:DNA Replication; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000096:biosynthesis; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000821:virology; D015967:Gene Expression Regulation, Viral; D004854:Herpesvirus 4, Human / Q000235:genetics*; D017874:Immediate-Early Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D009154:Mutation; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D015534:Trans-Activators / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D014763:Viral Matrix Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis; D014764:Viral Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: C068382:BRLF1 protein, Human herpesvirus 4; C063676:BZLF1 protein, Herpesvirus 4, Human; D004279:DNA, Viral; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; C037662:EBV-associated membrane antigen, Epstein-Barr virus; D017874:Immediate-Early Proteins; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D015534:Trans-Activators; D014763:Viral Matrix Proteins; D014764:Viral Proteins