title: Relaxation of human ureteral smooth muscle in vitro by modulation of cyclic nucleotide-dependent pathways.
abstract: Phosphodiesterases (PDE) are key enzymes regulating intracellular cyclic nucleotide turnover and, thus, smooth muscle tension. Recent reports have indicated the presence of PDE isoenzymes 1, 2, 4, and 5 in cytosolic supernatants prepared from human ureteral smooth muscle homogenates and the ability of second-generation inhibitors of PDE 3, 4, and 5 to relax KCl-induced tension of human ureteral muscle in vitro. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the functional effects of recently developed, third-generation isoenzyme-selective PDE inhibitors, the nitric oxide (NO)-donating agents sodium nitroprusside (SNP) and dihydropyridine (DHP), which is also described as an antagonist of L-type calcium channels, and the adenylyl cyclase-stimulating drug forskolin on tissue tension and cyclic nucleotide levels of human ureteral smooth muscle segments in vitro. Relaxant responses of human ureteral smooth muscle were investigated in vitro using the organ bath technique. Cyclic nucleotides cAMP and cGMP were determined by specific radioimmunoassay following time and dose-dependent incubation of the ureteral tissue with the drugs. The most pronounced relaxing effects on KCl-induced tension of ureteral smooth muscle were exerted by nitrovasodilator SNP, PDE4 inhibitor rolipram, and PDE5 inhibitors E 4021 and morpholinosulfonyl-pyrazolopyrimidine (MSPP). Relaxing potency of the drugs was paralleled by their ability to elevate intracellular levels of cGMP and cAMP, respectively. Our data suggest the possibility of using selective inhibitors of PDE isoenzymes 4 and 5 in the treatment of ureteral stones and ureteral colic.
authors.affiliation: Hannover Medical School, Department of Urology, Germany.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kühn
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Uckert
authors.forename: C G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Stief
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Truss
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Lietz
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bischoff
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schramm
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Jonas
mesh_terms: D005576:Colforsin / Q000494:pharmacology; D000242:Cyclic AMP / Q000378:metabolism*; D006152:Cyclic GMP / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007546:Isoquinolines / Q000494:pharmacology; D009130:Muscle, Smooth / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology*; D009599:Nitroprusside / Q000494:pharmacology; D010726:Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D010727:Phosphoric Diester Hydrolases / Q000378:metabolism; D010880:Piperidines / Q000494:pharmacology; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D011189:Potassium Chloride / Q000494:pharmacology; D011688:Purinones / Q000494:pharmacology; D011799:Quinazolines / Q000494:pharmacology; D020889:Rolipram / Q000494:pharmacology; D044005:Tetrahydroisoquinolines; D014513:Ureter / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology*; D014665:Vasodilator Agents / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: C091517:E 4021; D007546:Isoquinolines; D010726:Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors; D010880:Piperidines; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; D011688:Purinones; D011799:Quinazolines; D044005:Tetrahydroisoquinolines; D014665:Vasodilator Agents; D009599:Nitroprusside; D005576:Colforsin; D011189:Potassium Chloride; C035964:trequinsin; C040850:quazinone; D000242:Cyclic AMP; D010727:Phosphoric Diester Hydrolases; C011145:zaprinast; D006152:Cyclic GMP; D020889:Rolipram