title: Isolation and characterization of microcystins from a river nile strain of Oscillatoria tenuis Agardh ex Gomont.
abstract: The River Nile is the major source of drinking water in Egypt, however, increased eutrophication due to agricultural, municipal and industrial runoff has contributed to the growth of toxin producing cyanobacteria. This study describes the isolation and characterization of microcystins (MCYSTs), cyclic heptapeptide hepatotoxins, from a rare strain of Oscillatoria tenuis, isolated from the River Nile at Sohag province in July 1995. The MCYST concentration of laboratory-cultured O. tenuis strain E6 was found to be 0.3 mg/g freeze-dried weight determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Two microcystins, 1 and 2, were isolated from lyophilized cells using solid phase extraction and reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Structures were assigned based upon their amino acid analyses, electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESIMS, ESIMS-CID-MS), high resolution fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry, and nuclear magnetic resonance data ((1)H and (1)H COSY NMR). Toxin 1 was identified as MCYST-LR, and toxin 2, a new MCYST, as MCYST-LHArg ([L-homoarginine(4)]). Previous studies indicate that Oscillatoria agardhii strains produce demethylated MCYSTs (containing D-Asp and/or dehydroalanine). This is the first report of a toxic O. tenuis, strain E6, one which produces a fully methylated MCYST, MCYST-LR and a new L-homoarginine containing MCYST, MCYST-LHArg.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435, USA.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Brittain
authors.forename: Z A
authors.initials: ZA
authors.lastname: Mohamed
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: V K
authors.initials: VK
authors.lastname: Lehmann
authors.forename: W W
authors.initials: WW
authors.lastname: Carmichael
authors.forename: K L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Rinehart
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000596:Amino Acids / Q000032:analysis; D001427:Bacterial Toxins / Q000032:analysis / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D000458:Cyanobacteria / Q000737:chemistry*; D004534:Egypt; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005618:Fresh Water; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D008387:Marine Toxins; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D052998:Microcystins; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010456:Peptides, Cyclic / Q000032:analysis / Q000302:isolation & purification*
chemical_list: D000596:Amino Acids; D001427:Bacterial Toxins; D008387:Marine Toxins; D052998:Microcystins; D010456:Peptides, Cyclic; C416430:mycrocystin-LHArg; C057862:cyanoginosin LR