title: Induction of RANTES, HLA-DR, and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 on highly purified distal tubular cells from human kidney.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Expression of proinflammatory molecules by tubular epithelial cells plays an important role in renal allograft rejection and inflammatory kidney diseases. Different studies from patients with acute rejection point to the involvement of distal tubular segments. At present no in vitro system for the human distal tubule is established.
  
  
  METHODS
  Human distal tubular cells were isolated immunomagnetically. Cultured cells were stimulated with cytokines (interferon-gamma, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-1beta, or a cytokine mix). Secretion of RANTES (regulated upon activation, normal T-cell expressed and secreted) was evaluated with an enzyme-linked immunoassay. Expression of HLA-DR and intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1 was assessed by flow cytometric analysis and immunofluorescence studies.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Our data clearly indicate that distal tubular cells express RANTES, HLA-DR, and ICAM-1 in response to a mixture of specific cytokines. Dexamethasone inhibited the induced expression of RANTES and HLA-DR significantly, but not that of ICAM-1.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We demonstrate an appropriate in vitro system for the human distal tubule. The present study proves the involvement of the distal tubular segment during inflammatory kidney diseases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine IV, J.W. Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany. P.Baer@em.uni-frankfurt.de
authors.forename: P C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Baer
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Scherberich
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bereiter-Hahn
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Geiger
mesh_terms: D002478:Cells, Cultured; D018946:Chemokine CCL5 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D003907:Dexamethasone / Q000494:pharmacology; D004338:Drug Combinations; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000494:pharmacology; D006684:HLA-DR Antigens / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000378:metabolism*; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000494:pharmacology; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000494:pharmacology; D007686:Kidney Tubules, Distal / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D018946:Chemokine CCL5; D004338:Drug Combinations; D005938:Glucocorticoids; D006684:HLA-DR Antigens; D007375:Interleukin-1; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1; D003907:Dexamethasone; D007371:Interferon-gamma