title: Cross-sectional serological survey on gastrointestinal and lung nematode infections in first and second-year replacement stock in the netherlands: relation with management practices and use of anthelmintics.
abstract: A cross-sectional survey was carried out on 86 farms randomly distributed in The Netherlands. After housing following the first and the second grazing season (FGS and SGS) serum samples were collected to determine IgG levels against Cooperia oncophora and Dictyocaulus viviparus, and the pepsinogen content. A questionnaire was used to inquire on grazing management practices and the use of anthelmintic drugs. On 80.7 and 60.2% of the farms FGS and SGS animals, respectively, were treated at least once with an anthelmintic drug. The percentage for the SGS animals indicates that the use of anthelmintic drugs in those animals has increased enormously over the last 10-15 years. Generally, parasitic nematode control in the FGS is good on most farms, but it can be characterised as being overprotective. There is a tendency that if anthelmintic drugs are used in the FGS they also are used more often in the SGS. On 12 farms (14%), no anthelmintic drugs were given in the FGS and the SGS. These farms did not differ from the others with respect to management practices in any obvious way. The serological results were in general very low, indicating low levels of exposure to gastrointestinal nematode infection in both FGS and SGS animals. This was not surprising in view of the good to high level of nematode control practices reported by the farmers. Although not statistically significant, a consistent result was that serological results for the SGS animals were more often positive or on average higher on those farms where FGS parasite control tended to be excessive. For D. viviparus, a prevalence rate of 41% positive farms was found. Following comparison with previous data, it is speculated that lungworm (sero-)prevalence in replacement stock may be declining as a result of continuing high levels of parasite control in replacement stock. It is concluded that the results confirm previous surveys, lending support to the conclusion that parasitic nematode control on Dutch dairy farms, certainly in FGS calves, is good but tends to be overprotective.
authors.affiliation: Department of Parasitology and Tropical Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Netherlands. h.ploeger@vet.uu.nl
authors.forename: H W
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Ploeger
authors.forename: F H
authors.initials: FH
authors.lastname: Borgsteede
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sol
authors.forename: M H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Mirck
authors.forename: M W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Huyben
authors.forename: F N
authors.initials: FN
authors.lastname: Kooyman
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Eysker
mesh_terms: D000822:Animal Husbandry; D000818:Animals; D000871:Anthelmintics / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000909:Antibodies, Helminth / Q000097:blood; D001562:Benzimidazoles / Q000008:administration & dosage; D002417:Cattle; D002418:Cattle Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000469:parasitology / Q000517:prevention & control; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004021:Dictyocaulus / Q000276:immunology; D004022:Dictyocaulus Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay / Q000662:veterinary; D005260:Female; D007411:Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000662:veterinary*; D007559:Ivermectin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D007978:Levamisole / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008174:Lung Diseases, Parasitic / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000662:veterinary*; D009426:Netherlands / Q000453:epidemiology; D020116:Pepsinogen A / Q000097:blood; D016036:Seroepidemiologic Studies; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014251:Trichostrongyloidea / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development / Q000276:immunology; D014252:Trichostrongyloidiasis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000469:parasitology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000662:veterinary*
chemical_list: D000871:Anthelmintics; D000909:Antibodies, Helminth; D001562:Benzimidazoles; D007978:Levamisole; C048324:abamectin; D007559:Ivermectin; D020116:Pepsinogen A; C031000:benzimidazole; C084101:doramectin