title: Wild-type and YMDD mutant murine leukemia virus reverse transcriptases are resistant to 2',3'-dideoxy-3'-thiacytidine.
abstract: The antiretroviral nucleoside analog 2',3'-dideoxy-3'-thiacytidine (3TC) is a potent inhibitor of wild-type human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) reverse transcriptase (RT). A methionine-to-valine or methionine-to-isoleucine substitution at residue 184 in the HIV-1 YMDD motif, which is located at the RT active site, leads to a high level of resistance to 3TC. We sought to determine whether 3TC can inhibit the replication of wild-type murine leukemia virus (MLV), which contains V223 at the YVDD active site motif of the MLV RT, and of the V223M, V223I, V223A, and V223S mutant RTs. Surprisingly, the wild type and all four of the V223 mutants of MLV RT were highly resistant to 3TC. These results indicate that determinants outside the YVDD motif of MLV RT confer a high level of resistance to 3TC. Therefore, structural differences among similar RTs might result in widely divergent sensitivities to antiretroviral nucleoside analogs.
authors.affiliation: Mary Babb Randolph Cancer Center and Department of Biochemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, USA.
authors.forename: E K
authors.initials: EK
authors.lastname: Halvas
authors.forename: E S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Svarovskaia
authors.forename: E O
authors.initials: EO
authors.lastname: Freed
authors.forename: V K
authors.initials: VK
authors.lastname: Pathak
mesh_terms: D019943:Amino Acid Substitution; D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D004352:Drug Resistance, Microbial; D006801:Humans; D019259:Lamivudine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009052:Leukemia Virus, Murine / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology; D051379:Mice; D009154:Mutation; D012194:RNA-Directed DNA Polymerase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D018894:Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014779:Virus Replication / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D018894:Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors; D019259:Lamivudine; D012194:RNA-Directed DNA Polymerase