title: Cutting edge: hierarchy of chemokine receptor and TCR signals regulating T cell migration and proliferation.
abstract: Chemokines play an important role in establishing the distribution of lymphocyte subpopulations in primary and secondary lymphoid tissues and in the recruitment of leukocytes to sites of inflammation. However, the potential of chemokines to down-regulate immune responses has not been demonstrated. We now show that certain chemokine gradients have the potential to suppress T cell activation by preventing formation of the immunological synapse, the specialized cell-cell junction that forms before a T cell can be fully activated. Our data reveals an immunosuppressive potential of chemokines engaging the CXCR3 and CCR7 receptors, but not the CXCR4, CCR2, CCR4, or CCR5 receptors. These results suggest a novel mechanism for T cell ignorance of agonist MHC-peptide complexes based on dominant chemokine gradients.
authors.affiliation: Center for Immunology and the Department of Pathology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
authors.forename: S K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Bromley
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Peterson
authors.forename: M D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Gunn
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Dustin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002464:Cell Migration Inhibition; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D054421:Chemokine CCL21; D019742:Chemokines, CC / Q000276:immunology; D017635:Clonal Anergy / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D000949:Histocompatibility Antigens Class II / Q000276:immunology; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000276:immunology; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D051379:Mice; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D018715:Microscopy, Video; D009113:Muramidase / Q000276:immunology; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000819:agonists / Q000276:immunology; D011948:Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D019707:Receptors, Chemokine / Q000502:physiology*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D016176:T-Lymphocyte Subsets / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: C515479:Ccl21c protein, mouse; D054421:Chemokine CCL21; D019742:Chemokines, CC; D000949:Histocompatibility Antigens Class II; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D011948:Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell; D019707:Receptors, Chemokine; C111387:hen egg lysozyme peptide (50-62); D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1; D009113:Muramidase