title: Hot, humid air partially inhibits the nasal response to allergen provocation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We have previously reported that preconditioning allergic subjects with hot, humid air (HHA) (temperature, 37 degrees C; relative humidity >95%) in an environmental chamber resulted in partial inhibition of the early response to nasal allergen challenge.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate whether this inhibitory effect could be achieved by inhalation of HHA via a face mask.
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomized, 4-way crossover study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighteen subjects with seasonal allergic rhinitis participated in the study outside of their allergy season.
  
  
  METHODS
  Subjects underwent preconditioning with room air (RA) (temperature, 25 degrees C; relative humidity <20%) or HHA either in a chamber or delivered via a face mask for 1 hour prior to and during nasal challenge with diluent for the allergen extract followed by 2 increasing doses of allergen.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Net changes from diluent challenge for all parameters were compared between HHA and RA in each delivery method. Hot, humid air delivered by mask significantly inhibited the mean+/-SEM number of allergen-induced sneezes (HHA, 2.7+/-0.6; RA, 6.6+/-2.1; P=.03), congestion score (HHA, 2.3+/-0.5; RA, 3.4+/-0.5; P=.01), and secretion weights (HHA, 26.9+/-4.4 mg; RA, 38.6+/-5.0 mg; P=.048). However, HHA inhaled in a chamber significantly inhibited only the mean+/-SEM allergen-induced congestion (HHA, 1.2+/-0.4; RA, 3.6+/-0.6; P=.002) and pruritus (HHA, 0.7+/-0.3; RA, 2.3+/-0.5; P=.002) scores.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Preconditioning the nasal mucosa with HHA partially decreases the early response to nasal challenge with antigen irrespective of the administration technique. The secretory response, however, is only inhibited by localized delivery of HHA to the nose. The inhibitory effects of HHA are therefore probably related to local changes in the nasal mucosa and are not dependent on total body exposure to HHA.
authors.affiliation: Section of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, Ill 60637, USA. fbaroody@surgery.bsd.uchicago.edu
authors.forename: F M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Baroody
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Assanasen
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Naclerio
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000485:Allergens; D001273:Atmosphere Exposure Chambers; D001985:Bronchial Provocation Tests; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006813:Humidity; D008297:Male; D008397:Masks; D009297:Nasal Mucosa; D006255:Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal / Q000517:prevention & control*; D012709:Serum Albumin / Q000032:analysis; D013696:Temperature
chemical_list: D000485:Allergens; D012709:Serum Albumin