title: Postmenopausal osteoporosis management.
abstract: Osteoporosis is perhaps the widest-ranging social, physical, and economic impact of estrogen deficiency. Postmenopausal bone loss is the major determinant of osteoporosis. Osteoporotic risk can be determined by measuring bone mineral density using dual X-ray absorptiometry. The radiation free quantitative bone ultrasound is emerging in the assessment of bone structure giving reliable estimates of fracture risk. Diet and exercise are important in determining a woman's risks for osteoporosis. Hormone replacement therapy clearly decreases bone turnover and prevents postmenopausal bone loss and reduces fractures. Tibolone as well as raloxifene prevent bone loss and solid data demonstrate a reduction of vertebral fractures after raloxifene administration.
authors.affiliation: Department of Reproductive Medicine and Child Development, Piero Fioretti, University of Pisa, Italy. margamba@tin.it
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gambacciani
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ciaponi
mesh_terms: D015519:Bone Density; D005260:Female; D020249:Hormone Replacement Therapy; D006801:Humans; D009652:Norpregnenes / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015663:Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011859:Radiography; D020849:Raloxifene Hydrochloride / Q000627:therapeutic use; D020845:Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014463:Ultrasonography; D016387:Women's Health
chemical_list: D009652:Norpregnenes; D020845:Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators; D020849:Raloxifene Hydrochloride; C027385:tibolone