title: High frequency of pulmonary lymphangioleiomyomatosis in women with tuberous sclerosis complex.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the frequency of pulmonary lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM), a rare cystic lung disorder that occurs almost exclusively in women of reproductive age, in women with tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC), an inheritable multiorgan hamartomatosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this retrospective cohort study, the medical records of 78 women with definite TSC were reviewed, and pertinent information was recorded, including the demographic data, clinical manifestations, results of lung biopsies and autopsies, and findings on imaging studies of the chest and abdomen. All available computed tomographic (CT) scans of the chest and abdomen were reviewed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 78 women with definite TSC seen from 1977 to 1998, 20 (26%) had evidence of LAM. Surgical lung biopsy or autopsy in 7 patients confirmed the diagnosis of their lung disease. Characteristic CT findings of LAM were noted in 13 additional patients. Twelve of these 20 patients with TSC-associated LAM had respiratory symptoms, including exertional shortness of breath and spontaneous pneumothorax, that eventually led to their pulmonary diagnosis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The frequency of lung involvement (LAM) in women with TSC is substantially higher than previously suspected and may be even higher than reported in this retrospective study. These findings support the recommendation for a screening CT of the chest for all women with TSC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn 55905, USA.
authors.forename: L C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Costello
authors.forename: T E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Hartman
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Ryu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001344:Autopsy; D001706:Biopsy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008171:Lung Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology*; D018192:Lymphangioleiomyomatosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology*; D008499:Medical Records; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012306:Risk; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D014402:Tuberous Sclerosis / Q000150:complications*