title: Ultra-thin needle thoracoscopic surgery for hyperhidrosis with excellent cosmetic effects.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In spite of its cosmetic benefits over open surgical techniques, endoscopic sympathectomy using 5 mm or larger instruments still has the problems of operative scar as well as pain on the trocar sites. Recently we have begun using 2 mm endoscopic instruments. The purpose of this study was to confirm the safety and feasibility of fine needle endoscopic instruments in thoracic sympathetic ablation.
  
  
  METHODS
  We have exclusively used 2 mm endoscopic instruments since January 1997, and from that time to May 1999 417 patients were underwent surgical procedures for hyperhidrosis. T2 or T2/T3 sympathectomy was performed for the first 56 patients, after June 1997, in 361 patients the interconnecting sympathetic trunk was divided instead of ganglion resection, and this procedure was named sympathicotomy. Palmar hyperhidrosis was presented in 375 patients (89.9%) and facial in 28 (6.7%) and axillary in 14 (3.4%). The level of division or resection of the ganglion differed according to the patient's symptoms.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sympathicotomy and sympathectomy were successful and all patients were satisfied with immediate dryness of affected sites. There were not any cases of bleeding or reoperation or hospital mortality. A large endoscope was required to eliminate the pleural adhesion in fourteen cases (7.7%). Thoracotomy conversion was required in two pleural adhesion cases. Minor complications were occurred in 17 patients (4.1%); such as closed thoracostomy in ten cases, peripheral nerve injury in three, pulmonary parenchymal injury in two, Horner's syndrome in two and atrial fibrillation in one. We have five cases of recurrent symptoms (1.2%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our experience indicates that, for the treatment of hyperhidrosis, 2 mm ultra-thin needle endoscopic instruments are safe and effective to operate on palmar and facial hyperhidrosis patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, 28 Yongon, Chongno, 110-744, Seoul, South Korea. swsung@snu.ac.kr
authors.forename: S W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Sung
authors.forename: Y T
authors.initials: YT
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D002648:Child; D004867:Equipment Design; D004954:Esthetics; D005069:Evaluation Studies as Topic; D005260:Female; D005728:Ganglia, Sympathetic / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D006945:Hyperhidrosis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009339:Needles; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D011336:Probability; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013562:Sympathectomy / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D020708:Thoracoscopes; D013906:Thoracoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D016896:Treatment Outcome