title: Anethole blocks both early and late cellular responses transduced by tumor necrosis factor: effect on NF-kappaB, AP-1, JNK, MAPKK and apoptosis.
abstract: Anethole, a chief constituent of anise, camphor, and fennel, has been shown to block both inflammation and carcinogenesis, but just how these effects are mediated is not known. One possibility is TNF-mediated signaling, which has also been associated with both inflammation and carcinogenesis. In the present report we show that anethole is a potent inhibitor of TNF-induced NF-kappaB activation (an early response) as monitored by electrophoretic mobility shift assay, IkappaBalpha phosphorylation and degradation, and NF-kappaB reporter gene expression. Suppression of IkappaBalpha phosphorylation and NF-kappaB reporter gene expression induced by TRAF2 and NIK, suggests that anethole acts on IkappaBalpha kinase. Anethole also blocked the NF-kappaB activation induced by a variety of other inflammatory agents. Besides NF-kappaB, anethole also suppressed TNF-induced activation of the transcription factor AP-1, c-jun N-terminal kinase and MAPK-kinase. In addition, anethole abrogated TNF-induced apoptosis as measured by both caspase activation and cell viability. The anethole analogues eugenol and isoeugenol also blocked TNF signaling. Anethole suppressed TNF-induced both lipid peroxidation and ROI generation. Overall, our results demonstrate that anethole inhibits TNF-induced cellular responses, which may explain its role in suppression of inflammation and carcinogenesis. Oncogene (2000).
authors.affiliation: Cytokine Research Laboratory, Department of Bioimmunotherapy, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.
authors.forename: G B
authors.initials: GB
authors.lastname: Chainy
authors.forename: S K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Manna
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Chaturvedi
authors.forename: B B
authors.initials: BB
authors.lastname: Aggarwal
mesh_terms: D000081248:Allylbenzene Derivatives; D000840:Anisoles / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D002460:Cell Line; D005421:Flavoring Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D048031:JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D020929:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000081248:Allylbenzene Derivatives; D000840:Anisoles; D005421:Flavoring Agents; D014157:Transcription Factors; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D048031:JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D020929:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases; C006578:anethole