title: Resonance strategies for the belting style: results of a single female subject study.
abstract: This study explores resonance strategies used for the belting style and associated vocal fold vibratory patterns, for the vowels /e/, /a/, /i/, and /u/ on G4 and B4-flat. Acoustic spectra of belted vowels and their unoptimized, "speech-like" equivalents were compared. Vocal fold vibratory patterns were quantified using electroglottography. Results show that /a/ is inherently suitable for belting and requires no adjustment. For /e/, F2-H5 tuning was observed. For /i/, F1 was detuned from H1, enhancing also H2. For /u/, both F1 and F2 were raised to accomplish F2-H3 tuning. These results show that the loud, bright sound of the belting style is achieved by the implementation of resonance strategies that enhance higher harmonics. Electroglottography revealed that resonance strategies also result in raising the closed quotient (CQ) above 52%, an apparent threshold value for belting.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Groningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Bestebreurtje
authors.forename: H K
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Schutte
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D010700:Phonetics; D013060:Speech / Q000502:physiology; D013061:Speech Acoustics; D014831:Voice / Q000502:physiology*; D014833:Voice Quality