title: Age-related patterns of the clustering of cardiovascular risk variables of syndrome X from childhood to young adulthood in a population made up of black and white subjects: the Bogalusa Heart Study.
abstract: The age-related patterns of clustering of cardiovascular risk variables of Syndrome X from childhood to adulthood were examined in a community-based sample of black and white children (aged 5-10 years, n = 2,389), adolescents (aged 11-17 years, n = 3,371), and young adults (aged 18-37 years, n = 2,115). In the analysis of clustering, insulin resistance index, BMI, triglycerides/ HDL cholesterol ratio, and mean arterial pressure were used either as categorical variables (age-, race- and sex-specific values >75th percentiles) to calculate risk ratios (observed frequency/expected frequency) or as continuous variables (normal scores based on ranks) to compute intraclass correlations. In the total sample, the risk ratio for clustering of adverse levels of all 4 variables was 9.8 for whites (P < 0.01) versus 7.4 for blacks (P < 0.01); the intraclass correlation was 0.33 for whites (P < 0.001) versus 0.26 for blacks (P < 0.001). Both the risk ratio and intraclass correlation were significantly higher in whites than in blacks in the total sample. The intraclass correlations of the 4 variables were significant (P < 0.001) in all race and age-groups, and they were higher during preadolescence and adulthood than during adolescence. Furthermore, unlike risk ratios, intraclass correlations showed a continuous increase with age during adulthood. When BMI was adjusted, the intraclass correlations involving the other 3 variables were reduced by approximately 50%, and the age-related pattern was no longer evident. These results suggest that the degree of clustering of risk variables of Syndrome X varies with age from childhood to adulthood and is likely influenced by the age-related changes in obesity and the attendant insulin resistance.
authors.affiliation: Tulane Center for Cardiovascular Health, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University Medical Center, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USA.
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Bao
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Begum
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Elkasabany
authors.forename: S R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Srinivasan
authors.forename: G S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Berenson
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001741:Black or African American; D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology*; D001794:Blood Pressure; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000209:etiology*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D008297:Male; D017566:Microvascular Angina / Q000150:complications* / Q000208:ethnology*; D012307:Risk Factors; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood; D044465:White People
chemical_list: D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D014280:Triglycerides