title: Dose-dependent effects of almitrine on hemodynamics and gas exchange in an animal model of acute lung injury.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the dose-response relationship of almitrine (Alm) on pulmonary gas exchange and hemodynamics in an animal model of acute lung injury (ALI).
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective, randomized, controlled study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty anesthetized, tracheotomized and mechanically ventilated (FIO2 1.0) pigs underwent induction of ALI by repeated saline washout of surfactant. Animals were randomly assigned to either receive cumulating doses of Alm intravenously (0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 4.0, 8.0 and 16.0 micrograms.kg-1.min-1) for 30 min each (treatment; n = 10) or to receive the solvent malic acid (controls; n = 10).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Measurements of pulmonary gas exchange and hemodynamics were performed at the end of each infusion period. Alm < 4.0 micrograms.kg-1.min-1 improved arterial oxygen pressure (PaO2) (105 +/- 9 mmHg for Alm 1.0 vs 59 +/- 5 mmHg) and decreased intrapulmonary shunt (Qs/Qt) (32 +/- 4% for Alm 1.0 vs 46 +/- 4%) (P < 0.05). Alm > or = 8.0 micrograms.kg-1.min-1 did not improve pulmonary gas exchange compared to controls. When compared to low doses of Alm < 4.0 micrograms.kg-1.min-1, high doses > or = 8.0 micrograms.kg1.min-1 decreased PaO2 (58 +/- 11 mmHg for Alm 16.0) and increased Qs/Qt (67 +/- 10% for Alm 16.0) (P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In experimental ALI, effects of almitrine on oxygenation are dose-dependent. Almitrine is most effective when used at low doses known to mimic hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction.
authors.affiliation: Abteilung X, Anaesthesiologie und Intensivmedizin, Bundeswehrkrankenhaus Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sommerer
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Kaisers
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Dembinski
authors.forename: H P
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: Bubser
authors.forename: K J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Falke
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rossaint
mesh_terms: D015765:Almitrine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000187:drug effects*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011659:Pulmonary Gas Exchange / Q000187:drug effects*; D012131:Respiratory Insufficiency / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D019141:Respiratory System Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013552:Swine
chemical_list: D019141:Respiratory System Agents; D015765:Almitrine