Endocrine cancer risks for women during the perimenopause and beyond.
Cancer and its link to reproductive hormones is an area of intense concern for our patients and has been the subject of much speculation. But if estrogen causes breast cancer, for example, most women would eventually develop the disease. We know this is not the case! Actually, estrogen and progesterone have been linked to a decrease as well as an increase in cancer, depending upon the type of tumor under investigation. The purpose of this manuscript is to review the data supporting those relationships.
Leslie
K K
KK
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver 80262, USA.
Kumar
N S
NS
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000209:etiology; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000209:etiology; D004701:Endocrine Gland Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D016889:Endometrial Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D004967:Estrogens / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D005909:Glioblastoma / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008545:Melanoma / Q000209:etiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D010051:Ovarian Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D017697:Premenopause / Q000502:physiology*; D011374:Progesterone / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen / Q000502:physiology; D012307:Risk Factors; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000209:etiology
D004967:Estrogens; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen; D011374:Progesterone