title: Neurodevelopmental follow-up at 36 months' corrected age of preterm infants treated with prophylactic indomethacin.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Previous reports have suggested that prophylactic indomethacin decreases cerebral blood flow and may play a role in the development of ischemic brain injury and developmental handicaps.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To assess the neurodevelopmental outcome of subjects at 36 months' corrected age (CA) who, as low-birth-weight infants, received prophylactic low-dose indomethacin within the first 24 hours of life to prevent patent ductus arteriosus.
  
  
  METHODS
  Newborn intensive care nursery and outpatient follow-up clinic at Children's Hospitals and Clinics of Minneapolis, Minneapolis, Minn.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ninety infants with birth weights of 600 to 1250 g were entered into a prospective, randomized, controlled trial to receive either prophylactic indomethacin, 0.1 mg/kg, or placebo in the first 24 hours and again every 24 hours for 6 doses to prevent patent ductus arteriosus. Nonresponders were treated with standard therapeutic indomethacin or ligation. Neurodevelopmental assessment at approximately 36 months' CA included medical and developmental histories, physical examinations, and developmental testing using the Bayley II Scales of Infant Development on subjects up to 42 months' CA. Subjects were classified as (1) normal, (2) mildly to moderately abnormal, or (3) severely impaired.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Forty-two (98%) of 43 subjects who received prophylactic indomethacin survived compared with 46 (98%) of 47 who received placebo. Sixty-six (75%) of 88 survivors were seen for neurodevelopmental assessment at 36 months' CA. This group included 29 (69%) of 42 who received prophylactic indomethacin and 37 (80%) of 46 who received placebo. Twenty-three (79%) of 29 infants in the prophylactic indomethacin group had normal neurodevelopmental assessments at 36 months' CA compared with 26 (70%) of 37 placebo-treated subjects (P = .68). Of 4 significantly impaired subjects treated with prophylactic indomethacin, 1 had spastic diplegia; 1, spastic quadriplegia; 1, cognitive delay; and 1, significant motor delay. Of 8 significantly impaired placebo-treated subjects, 7 had spastic diplegia; 1, microcephaly.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The use of prophylactic low-dose indomethacin when initiated in the first 24 hours of life in low-birth-weight infants to prevent patent ductus arteriosus is not associated with adverse neurodevelopmental outcome at 36 months' CA.
authors.affiliation: Division of Neonatology, Children's Hospitals and Clinics of Minneapolis, MN 55404, USA.
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Couser
authors.forename: R E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Hoekstra
authors.forename: T B
authors.initials: TB
authors.lastname: Ferrara
authors.forename: G B
authors.initials: GB
authors.lastname: Wright
authors.forename: A K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Cabalka
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Connett
mesh_terms: D002317:Cardiovascular Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D002657:Child Development / Q000187:drug effects*; D004374:Ductus Arteriosus, Patent / Q000517:prevention & control; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007213:Indomethacin / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D007223:Infant; D007230:Infant, Low Birth Weight; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature / Q000254:growth & development*; D008297:Male; D009420:Nervous System / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development*; D011446:Prospective Studies
chemical_list: D002317:Cardiovascular Agents; D007213:Indomethacin