title: Ketorolac improves recovery after outpatient anorectal surgery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of ketorolac combined with local anesthetics for anorectal surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  From June 1998 through March 1999, 123 outpatients undergoing anorectal surgery were entered into a prospective, randomized, double-blinded study involving three treatment groups. All patients received intravenous sedation consisting of fentanyl and a propofol infusion, with a local anesthesia mixture of lidocaine, bupivacaine, and bicarbonate. Group A (41 patients) received placebo (saline) injections. Group B (41 patients) received 60 mg of intravenous ketorolac at the onset of the procedure, and Group C (41 patients) received 60 mg of ketorolac mixed with the local anesthetic. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance and chi-squared tests.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All groups had similar demographic characteristics and operative procedures. Twenty-nine of the 123 patients were human immunodeficiency virus-positive. There was no difference in operative or anesthesia time. Anesthesia and fluids given were similar in across groups. A significantly higher percentage of Group A patients had pain (34 percent) and required additional oral analgesia (20 percent) in the Day Surgery Unit. Only 5 percent of Group B and Group C patients complained of pain, with oral analgesics given to 2 percent of Group B and none in Group C. Voiding difficulties were more common in Group A patients, one patient requiring catheterization.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The addition of ketorolac (60 mg), either intravenous or injected with local anesthetics, reduces voiding problems and significantly decreases postoperative analgesic requirements in outpatients undergoing anorectal surgery.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern School of Medicine, Dallas, USA.
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Place
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Coloma
authors.forename: P F
authors.initials: PF
authors.lastname: White
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Huber
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Van Vlymen
authors.forename: C L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Simmang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000556:Ambulatory Surgical Procedures; D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016154:Digestive System Fistula / Q000601:surgery; D013505:Digestive System Surgical Procedures; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006484:Hemorrhoids / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D020910:Ketorolac / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies
chemical_list: D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D020910:Ketorolac