title: Hepatic tumor spread of colorectal cancer in a laparoscopic animal model.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We devised a standardized animal model to study the impact of laparoscopic colorectal surgery on intrahepatic tumor cell growth.
  
  
  METHODS
  The technique of laparoscopic surgery in the rat was extended by endoscopic inoculation of colon cancer cells (CC531) into the portal vein (1 x 10(4), 5 x 10(4), 1 x 10(5), 3 x 10(5), 5 x 10(5) cells/ml) of WAG/Rij rats (n = 25). As controls, five animals underwent laparotomy and open intraportal inoculation of 5 x 10(4) cells/ml.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Hepatic tumor growth occurred after inoculation of 5 x 10(4), 1 x 10(5), 3 x 10(5), and 5 x 10(5) cells/ml. Extrahepatic tumor and conflating hepatic tumor was observed after the inoculation of 1 x 10(5), 3 x 10(5), and 5 x 10(5) cells/ml. Concentrations of 5 x 10(4) cells/ml injected either laparoscopically or via an open technique led to single hepatic tumor nodules. No tumor growth was seen after inoculation of 1 x 10(4) cells/ml.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Laparoscopic intraportal tumor cell inoculation is a feasible technique to create hepatic metastases. The inoculation of 5 x 10(4) CC531 cells leads to reliable cell growth that can be used to investigate the impact of various laparoscopic techniques on tumor spread.
authors.affiliation: Department of General and Vascular Surgery, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt/Main, Germany.
authors.forename: C N
authors.initials: CN
authors.lastname: Gutt
authors.forename: Z G
authors.initials: ZG
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Gessmann
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lorenz
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Paolucci
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000473:pathology; D000818:Animals; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008114:Liver Neoplasms, Experimental / Q000473:pathology / Q000556:secondary*; D008297:Male; D009368:Neoplasm Transplantation; D051381:Rats; D011919:Rats, Inbred Strains