title: Moderate-intensity physical activity and fasting insulin levels in women: the Cross-Cultural Activity Participation Study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to determine the association between moderate-intensity physical activity (PA) and fasting insulin levels among African-American (n = 47), Native American (n = 46), and Caucasian women (n = 49), aged 40-83 years, enrolled in the Cross-Cultural Activity Participation Study. Associations by race/ethnicity, levels of central obesity, and cardiorespiratory fitness were also examined.
  
  
  METHODS
  Physical activity scores were obtained from detailed PA records that included all PA performed during two consecutive 4-day periods scheduled 1 month apart. Using MET intensity (the associated metabolic rate for a specific activity divided by a standard resting metabolic rate), PA was expressed as MET-min (the product of the minutes for each activity times the MET intensity level) per day of energy expended in moderate (3-6 METs) and moderate/vigorous (> or = 3 METs) PA. Fasting insulin levels were determined by radioimmunoassay. Data were analyzed by multiple linear regression analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After adjusting for race/ethnicity, age, educational attainment, and site, an increase of 30 min of moderate-intensity PA was associated with a 6.6% lower fasting insulin level (P < 0.05). The association was similar among races/ethnicities, centrally lean and centrally obese women, and women with low and high cardiorespiratory fitness levels.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings lend support to the 1995 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and American College of Sports Medicine recommendations for an accumulation of 30 min/day in moderate-intensity PA. They also contribute to the growing literature suggesting that moderate amounts of PA have a significant role in reducing the burden of hyperinsulinemia and diabetes among ethnic populations at highest risk for these conditions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Exercise Science, School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, USA. mirwin@fhcrc.org
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Irwin
authors.forename: E J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Mayer-Davis
authors.forename: C L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Addy
authors.forename: R R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Pate
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Durstine
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Stolarczyk
authors.forename: B E
authors.initials: BE
authors.lastname: Ainsworth
mesh_terms: D001741:Black or African American; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D001794:Blood Pressure; D003431:Cross-Cultural Comparison; D004734:Energy Metabolism; D015444:Exercise; D005215:Fasting; D005260:Female; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D007198:Indians, North American; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood*; D008875:Middle Aged; D012044:Regression Analysis; D044465:White People; D016387:Women's Health
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D007328:Insulin