title: Comparative effect of thiamphenicol glycinate, thiamphenicol glycinate N-acetylcysteinate, amoxicillin plus clavulanic acid, ceftriaxone and clarithromycin on pulmonary clearance of Haemophilus influenzae in an animal model.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Thiamphenicol glycinate (TG) and its derivative thiamphenicol glycinate N-acetylcysteinate (TGA) could be a valid therapeutic option in the treatment of respiratory tract infections.
  
  
  METHODS
  Time-kill curves of TG and TGA and pulmonary clearance in Haemophilus influenzae infected guinea pigs were compared with those of clarithromycin, ceftriaxone and amoxicillin plus clavulanic acid.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The bacterial activities of the tested antibiotics were comparable. When compared to the control group, lung bacterial counts were significantly lower for the TGA group at 3 h vs. controls, while for the other treatments, significant decreases were recorded after 6 h. All drugs showed a log count of <2.0 at 24 h with respect to the control while at 48 h all groups demonstrated a log count of <2.0.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although the in vitro activity of the tested drugs evaluated by time-kill curves seemed comparable, some pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic characteristics of TGA contribute to improving the resolution of the infective process.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Preclinical Science, L.I.T.A. Vialba, Milan, Italy. microbio@mailserver.unimi.it
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Drago
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Fassina
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Mombelli
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: De Vecchi
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lombardi
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Gismondo
mesh_terms: D000111:Acetylcysteine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000658:Amoxicillin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002443:Ceftriaxone / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017291:Clarithromycin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D019818:Clavulanic Acid / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004338:Drug Combinations; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D006168:Guinea Pigs; D006192:Haemophilus Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology; D006193:Haemophilus influenzae / Q000187:drug effects; D012141:Respiratory Tract Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology; D013839:Thiamphenicol / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D004338:Drug Combinations; D019818:Clavulanic Acid; C028814:thiamphenicol glycinate acetylcysteinate; D002443:Ceftriaxone; D000658:Amoxicillin; D013839:Thiamphenicol; D017291:Clarithromycin; C028813:thiamphenicol glycinate; D000111:Acetylcysteine