title: Usefulness of fluorescence in situ hybridization for the diagnosis of Turner mosaic fetuses with small ring X chromosomes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To emphasize the usefulness of fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) techniques on uncultured amniocytes for the diagnosis of abnormal mosaic karyotypes.
  
  
  METHODS
  In the course of three prenatal diagnoses, specific fluorescent probes, coding, respectively, for chromosomes X, Y, 18, 13, and 21, were applied on amniocyte preparations directly after amniocentesis. At least 50 nuclei were counted in each case. Parallel to the FISH procedure, cell cultures were set up in order to obtain karyotypes. FISH and cytogenetic results were then compared.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In each case, FISH showed an abnormal mosaic chromosomal constitution, 45,X/46,XX, which was related to the existence of tiny ring X chromosomes in karyotypes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Because very small ring X chromosomes can escape identification when standard cytogenetic techniques are used alone, we show that misdiagnosis can be avoided when FISH is performed beforehand.
authors.affiliation: Service d'Histologie, Biologie de la Reproduction et Cytogénétique, Hôpital Tenon, Paris, France. jean-pierre.siffroi@tnn.ap-hop-paris.fr
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Siffroi
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Dupuy
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Joye
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Le Bourhis
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Benzacken
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Portnoi
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Berkane
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Franco
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Studer
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Carbonne
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gonzales
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bucourt
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Uzan
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Uzan
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Milliez
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Wolf
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Taillemite
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Dadoune
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000653:Amniotic Fluid / Q000166:cytology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D017404:In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence; D007621:Karyotyping; D009030:Mosaicism; D011247:Pregnancy; D012303:Ring Chromosomes; D014424:Turner Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics; D016216:Ultrasonography, Prenatal; D014960:X Chromosome