title: Incidence of testicular lesions in a population of tree shrews (Tupaia belangeri).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The sexual activity of male tree shrews is socially influenced; therefore, the testicular lesions in adult male tree shrews were of interest.
  
  
  METHODS
  The testes of 229 adult and 9 subadult male tree shrews were obtained during routine necropsy and were subjected to light microscopy. At one time, 138 animals were experimentally exposed to social conflicts.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Hypospermatogenesis (testicular inactivity) was observed in social stress-exposed males up to two years of age. Seasonality of hypospermatogenesis could not be statistically supported. Testicular atrophy, observed in 21 animals, was neither stress- nor age-related; it developed unilaterally, with the left testis preferred. Testicular tumors developed in animals older than 2 years, with increasing frequency particularly of Leydig cell tumors in animals more than four year old.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Testicular lesions were more frequently found in male tree shrews than they were observed in nonhuman primates kept at the German Primate Center. Connections to social stress were statistically supported, particularly with respect to hypospermatogenesis. Testicular tumors, in contrast, were distinctly age related.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pathology, German Primate Center, Göttingen.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Brack
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Fuchs
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000818:Animals; D001284:Atrophy / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology; D004291:Dominance-Subordination; D006222:Hamartoma / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology; D015994:Incidence; D007984:Leydig Cell Tumor / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D009336:Necrosis; D009845:Oligospermia / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012621:Seasons; D018239:Seminoma / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology; D012707:Sertoli Cell Tumor / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology; D013091:Spermatogenesis / Q000502:physiology; D013312:Stress, Physiological / Q000473:pathology; D013733:Testicular Diseases / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology*; D013736:Testicular Neoplasms / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology*; D013737:Testis / Q000473:pathology*; D014417:Tupaia