title: Noncontact anterior cruciate ligament injuries: risk factors and prevention strategies.
abstract: An estimated 80,000 anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tears occur annually in the United States. The highest incidence is in individuals 15 to 25 years old who participate in pivoting sports. With an estimated cost for these injuries of almost a billion dollars per year, the ability to identify risk factors and develop prevention strategies has widespread health and fiscal importance. Seventy percent of ACL injuries occur in noncontact situations. The risk factors for non-contact ACL injuries fall into four distinct categories: environmental, anatomic, hormonal, and biomechanical. Early data on existing neuromuscular training programs suggest that enhancing body control may decrease ACL injuries in women. Further investigation is needed prior to instituting prevention programs related to the other risk factors.
authors.affiliation: Georgia State University, Atlanta, USA.
authors.forename: L Y
authors.initials: LY
authors.lastname: Griffin
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Agel
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Albohm
authors.forename: E A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Arendt
authors.forename: R W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Dick
authors.forename: W E
authors.initials: WE
authors.lastname: Garrett
authors.forename: J G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Garrick
authors.forename: T E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Hewett
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Huston
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Ireland
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: W B
authors.initials: WB
authors.lastname: Kibler
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lephart
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Lewis
authors.forename: T N
authors.initials: TN
authors.lastname: Lindenfeld
authors.forename: B R
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Mandelbaum
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Marchak
authors.forename: C C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Teitz
authors.forename: E M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Wojtys
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000070598:Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D005260:Female; D017408:Guidelines as Topic; D006801:Humans; D007718:Knee Injuries / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008297:Male; D010806:Physical Education and Training / Q000592:standards*; D015995:Prevalence; D011322:Primary Prevention / Q000379:methods*; D012307:Risk Factors; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology