title: Endoscopic management of urologic disease with the holmium laser.
abstract: The efficiency and safety profile of the holmium laser have made this tool a versatile multipurpose instrument for use in the endoscopic treatment of a wide variety of urologic disorders. Herein are reviewed holmium laser physics and current endourologic applications, as well as the performance of new low-power holmium lasers.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA.
authors.forename: F C
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Delvecchio
authors.forename: G M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Preminger
mesh_terms: D004724:Endoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D006695:Holmium; D006801:Humans; D053685:Laser Therapy / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D055585:Physical Phenomena; D010825:Physics; D014570:Urologic Diseases / Q000601:surgery*
chemical_list: D006695:Holmium