title: Contribution of anion transporters to the acidosis-induced swelling and intracellular acidification of glial cells.
abstract: This study examines the contribution of anion transporters to the swelling and intracellular acidification of glial cells from an extracellular lactacidosis, a condition well-known to accompany cerebral ischemia and traumatic brain injury. Suspended C6 glioma cells were exposed to lactacidosis in physiological or anion-depleted media, and different anion transport inhibitors were applied. Changes in cell volume and intracellular pH (pH(i)) were simultaneously quantified by flow cytometry. Extracellular lactacidosis (pH 6.2) led to an increase in cell volume to 125.1 +/- 2.5% of baseline within 60 min, whereas the pH(i) dropped from the physiological value of 7.13 +/- 0.05 to 6.32 +/- 0.03. Suspension in Cl(-)-free or HCO(3)(-)/CO(2)-free media or application of anion transport inhibitors [0.1 mM bumetanide or 0.5 mM 4, 4'-diisothio-cyanatostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid (DIDS)] did not affect cell volume during baseline conditions but significantly reduced cell swelling from lactacidosis. In addition, the Cl(-)-free or HCO(3)(-)/CO(2)-free media and DIDS attenuated intracellular acidosis on extracellular acidification. From these findings it is concluded that besides the known activation of the Na(+)/H(+) exchanger, activation of the Na(+)-independent Cl(-)/HCO(3)(-) exchanger and the Na(+)-K(+)-Cl(-) cotransporter contributes to acidosis-induced glial swelling and the intracellular acidification. Inhibition of these processes may be of interest for future strategies in the treatment of cytotoxic brain edema from cerebral ischemia or traumatic brain injury.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Surgical Research, Klinikum Grosshadern, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich Department of Neurosurgery, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ringel
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Staub
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Baethmann
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Plesnila
mesh_terms: D017878:4,4'-Diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-Disulfonic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D000838:Anions; D017920:Antiporters / Q000502:physiology*; D001639:Bicarbonates / Q000008:administration & dosage; D002034:Bumetanide / Q000494:pharmacology; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000008:administration & dosage; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000502:physiology; D048429:Cell Size / Q000187:drug effects; D027963:Chloride-Bicarbonate Antiporters; D002712:Chlorides / Q000008:administration & dosage; D003470:Culture Media; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D005910:Glioma / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D019344:Lactic Acid; D051381:Rats; D028021:Sodium-Potassium-Chloride Symporters; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D000838:Anions; D017920:Antiporters; D001639:Bicarbonates; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D027963:Chloride-Bicarbonate Antiporters; D002712:Chlorides; D003470:Culture Media; D028021:Sodium-Potassium-Chloride Symporters; D002034:Bumetanide; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D019344:Lactic Acid; D017878:4,4'-Diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-Disulfonic Acid