title: [Prognostic factors and results after surgical treatment of idiopathic macular holes, stage 2 and 3].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine prognostic factors, functional outcome and subjective rating after surgery for macular holes stage 2 and 3.
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied 53 eyes of 49 patients undergoing vitreous surgery for macular holes stage 2 (46%) and 3 (54%). Mean follow-op was 114 weeks (32-204, std.dev. +/- 48), mean age 68.9 years (44-89, std.dev. +/- 6.8). 72% were female, 11% were pseudophakic, 19% phakic, 70% had a combined procedure (pars plana vitrectomy, phacoemulsification and IOL). Surgery consisted in a pars plana vitrectomy, peeling of epiretinal membranes and ILM, internal tamponade with SF6 (98%) resp. Si-oil in one case. Patients had to keep face-down position 6 x 20 minutes per day.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The hole was completely closed in 90.6%. Anatomical failures included, 86% had an increase of VA, 41% = 5 lines (Final VA median 20/30, max. 20/20). No further increase of the retinal function occurred after 6 months. The visual result did not correlate with the duration of symptoms. 84% were satisfied with the outcome, subjective rating was not correlated with final VA or change of VA. 19% showed postoperative typical peripheral visual field defects. Visual field loss was not correlated with perioperative IOP elevation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Macular hole surgery has a high functional success rate. Postoperative visual field defects are an important problem.
authors.affiliation: Augenklinik Kantonsspital Luzern, Schweiz.
authors.forename: I C
authors.initials: IC
authors.lastname: Gander
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Senn
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lüthi
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Schipper
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D017075:Laser Coagulation / Q000379:methods; D019654:Lens Implantation, Intraocular / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013508:Ophthalmologic Surgical Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D018918:Phacoemulsification / Q000379:methods; D012167:Retinal Perforations / Q000601:surgery*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013557:Switzerland; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014792:Visual Acuity; D014794:Visual Fields; D014821:Vitrectomy / Q000379:methods
vernacular_title: Prognostische Faktoren und Resultate nach operativer Behandlung idiopathischer Macula foramina Stadium 2 und 3.