title: Marginal integrity of large compomer Class II restorations with cervical margins in dentine.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the present study was to investigate the marginal integrity of total-bond Dyract AP restorations in large Class II restorations with cervical margins in dentine. The efficacy of a new non-rinse conditioner and the effect of beveling the enamel margins were also studied.
  
  
  METHODS
  Large MOD cavities with cervical margins located 1mm below the CEJ were prepared in 48 extracted human molars. Six groups (n=8) were filled using a total-bond technique with Spectrum TPH or Dyract AP or a sandwich technique with Dyract in combination with Spectrum TPH. For Dyract AP total-bond restorations, a new non-rinse conditioner was tested vs. a total-etch with 36% phosphoric acid in beveled and butt-joint cavities. After water storage for 21 days and thermocycling (2000x, 5-55 degrees C), replicas were produced for quantitative marginal analysis in the SEM. Afterwards, teeth were immersed in 0.5% basic fuchsin for 24h and dried. Percent dye penetration over the total margin length was analysed in three layers using a sequential grinding technique. Statistical analysis was performed with non-parametric tests and the Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons at p<0.05.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All restoration types showed microleakage. On cervical margins in dentine, Dyract AP restorations showed better marginal adaptation than Spectrum TPH total-bond restorations (marginal openings (MO), median 33.8 vs. 79.6%), but were inferior to Dyract/Spectrum TPH sandwich restorations (MO: 0. 0%). The non-rinse conditioner improved the marginal adaptation of Dyract AP restorations in dentine (MO: 4.7 vs. 38.4%, p=0.0206 for beveled cavities, 12.2 vs. 33.8%, p=0.0238, for butt-joint cavities) and yielded similar results in enamel margins provided that enamel margins were beveled. Beveling of enamel significantly reduced the occurrence of enamel microcracks.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The use of a non-rinse conditioner in combination with Dyract AP may improve the marginal adaptation of Class II restorations compared to composite restorations. The sandwich technique with Dyract results in better marginal adaptation in cervical dentine compared to all other restorative techniques tested in this study. However, microleakage cannot predictably be prevented with the sandwich technique.
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology and Synoptic Dentistry, Humboldt-University, Charité, Berlin, Germany. tommi@tomsoft.com
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Dietrich
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kraemer
authors.forename: G M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Lösche
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Roulet
mesh_terms: D000134:Acid Etching, Dental / Q000379:methods; D020770:Compomers / Q000737:chemistry*; D003188:Composite Resins / Q000737:chemistry; D001840:Dental Bonding; D003737:Dental Cavity Preparation / Q000145:classification; D003743:Dental Enamel / Q000648:ultrastructure; D003763:Dental Leakage / Q000175:diagnosis; D018772:Dental Marginal Adaptation; D003793:Dental Restoration, Permanent / Q000145:classification*; D003804:Dentin / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D006801:Humans; D008422:Materials Testing; D008689:Methacrylates / Q000737:chemistry; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D008963:Molar; D010756:Phosphoric Acids / Q000008:administration & dosage; D012394:Rosaniline Dyes; D017640:Silicates / Q000737:chemistry; D013499:Surface Properties; D013816:Thermodynamics; D019237:Tooth Cervix / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D014867:Water
chemical_list: D020770:Compomers; D003188:Composite Resins; C088486:Dyract; D008689:Methacrylates; D010756:Phosphoric Acids; D012394:Rosaniline Dyes; D017640:Silicates; C113300:TPH hybrid; D014867:Water; C025485:basic fuchsin