title: Nuclear magnetic resonance studies of acetic acid inhibition of rec Zymomonas mobilis ZM4(pZB5).
abstract: The fermentation characteristics and effects of lignocellulosic toxic compounds on recombinant Zymomonas mobilis ZM4(pZB5), which is capable of converting both glucose and xylose to ethanol, and its parental strain, ZM4, were characterized using 13C and 31P nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) in vivo. From the 31P NMR data, the levels of nucleoside triphosphates (NTP) of ZM(pZB5) using xylose were lower than those of glucose. This can be related to the intrinsically slower assimilation and/or metabolism of xylose compared to glucose and is evidence of a less energized state of ZM4(pZB5) cells during xylose fermentation. Acetic acid was shown to be strongly inhibitory to ZM4(pZB5) on xylose medium, with xylose utilization being completely inhibited at pH 5.0 or lower in the presence of 10.9 g/L of sodium acetate. From the 31P NMR results, the addition of sodium acetate caused decreased NTP and sugar phosphates, together with acidification of the cytoplasm. Intracellular deenergization and acidification appear to be the major mechanisms by which acetic acid exerts its toxic effects on this recombinant strain.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
authors.forename: I S
authors.initials: IS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: K D
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Barrow
authors.forename: P L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Rogers
mesh_terms: D019747:Aldose-Ketose Isomerases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics; D000431:Ethanol; D005285:Fermentation; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy / Q000379:methods; D017853:Phosphotransferases (Alcohol Group Acceptor) / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D010957:Plasmids; D013403:Sugar Phosphates / Q000378:metabolism; D014153:Transaldolase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D014169:Transformation, Bacterial; D014174:Transketolase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D014994:Xylose / Q000378:metabolism*; D017355:Zymomonas / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D013403:Sugar Phosphates; D000431:Ethanol; D014994:Xylose; D014174:Transketolase; D014153:Transaldolase; D017853:Phosphotransferases (Alcohol Group Acceptor); C032700:xylulokinase; D019747:Aldose-Ketose Isomerases; C023298:xylose isomerase; D005947:Glucose