Monosaccharide-enriched diets cause hyperleptinemia without hypophagia.
To determine the effect of monosaccharide-enriched diets on plasma leptin and food consumption, body weight, food intake, and serum glucose, insulin, and leptin concentrations were measured in rats maintained on a 10-d course of 60% glucose or 60% fructose diet. The serum leptin concentration in rats fed a high-glucose diet (7.60 +/- 0.6 ng/mL) or a high-fructose diet (5.12 +/- 0.8 ng/mL) was significantly increased compared with that in control rats (2.45 +/- 0.10 ng/mL; P < 0.001). To ascertain that the observed effect was related to hyperinsulinemia, a group of rats were infused with exogenous insulin or rendered insulin resistent with a high-fat diet. When hyperinsulinemia was induced with exogenous infusion, the serum leptin was increased (5.56 +/- 0.23 ng/mL; P < 0.001). High-fat feeding was associated with increased serum leptin (12.1 +/- 1.4 ng/mL) and insulin levels. The increased serum leptin concentration was not associated with decreased food intake. We conclude that monosaccharide-enriched diets, probably through hyperinsulinemia or relative or absolute insulin resistance, cause hyperleptinemia, which does not appear to change feeding behavior.
Mooradian
A D
AD
From the Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Louis University Medical School, St. Louis MO 63104, USA.
Chehade
J
J
Hurd
R
R
Haas
M J
MJ
D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D001835:Body Weight; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004435:Eating / Q000187:drug effects*; D005632:Fructose / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005947:Glucose / Q000008:administration & dosage; D007328:Insulin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D020738:Leptin / Q000032:analysis*; D008297:Male; D009005:Monosaccharides / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D051381:Rats; D011916:Rats, Inbred F344
D001786:Blood Glucose; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D004041:Dietary Fats; D007328:Insulin; D020738:Leptin; D009005:Monosaccharides; D005632:Fructose; D005947:Glucose