title: Dual regulation of platelet protein kinase B.
abstract: Protein kinase B (PKB) is a serine/threonine kinase that is activated by growth hormones and implicated in prevention of apoptosis, glycogen metabolism, and glucose uptake. A key enzyme in PKB activation is phosphatidylinositide 3-kinase (PI-3K), which triggers the dual phosphorylation of PKB by phosphatidylinositol-dependent kinases (PDKs). Here we report that the major PKB subtype in platelets is PKBalpha, which is activated by phosphorylation of Thr(308) and Ser(473) and has a constitutively phosphorylated Thr(450) that does not contribute to PKB activation. alpha-Thrombin and thrombopoietin activate PKBalpha via PI-3K and trigger the concurrent phosphorylation of Thr(308) (via PDK1) and Ser(473) (via a not yet identified PDK2). In addition, alpha-thrombin activates a PI-3K-independent pathway involving phospholipase Cbeta and calcium-dependent protein kinase C subtypes (PKCalpha/beta). This route is specific for phosphorylation of Ser(473) and can be initiated by direct PKC activation with phorbol ester or purified active PKC catalytic fragment in platelet lysate. Different degrees of Ser(473) and Thr(308) phosphorylation correlate with different degrees of enzyme activity. These data reveal a PI-3K-independent PKB activation in which PKCalpha/beta regulates the phosphorylation of Ser(473) in PKBalpha. The independent control of the two phosphorylation sites may contribute to fine regulation of PKBalpha activity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Haematology, Laboratory for Thrombosis and Haemostasis, University Medical Center Utrecht and Institute for Biomembranes, Utrecht University, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands. ckroner@lab.azu.nl
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kroner
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Eybrechts
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Akkerman
mesh_terms: D001792:Blood Platelets / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology*; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007213:Indomethacin / Q000494:pharmacology; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics; D007700:Kinetics; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / Q000097:blood*; D054799:Phospholipase C beta; D010766:Phosphorylation; D011493:Protein Kinase C / Q000097:blood; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000097:blood* / Q000235:genetics; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012694:Serine; D013912:Threonine; D013917:Thrombin / Q000494:pharmacology; D010738:Type C Phospholipases / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D007213:Indomethacin; D007527:Isoenzymes; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; D054799:Phospholipase C beta; D011493:Protein Kinase C; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D012694:Serine; D013912:Threonine; D013917:Thrombin; D010738:Type C Phospholipases