title: Occupational injuries in the mining industry and their association with statewide cold ambient temperatures in the USA.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Relatively few occupational epidemiological studies have been conducted concerning the association between cold ambient temperatures and cold exposure injuries, and fewer still of traumatic occupational injuries and cold ambient temperatures.
  
  
  METHODS
  The association of ambient temperature and wind data from the National Climatic Data Center with injury data from mines reported to the Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) was evaluated over a 6 year period from 1985-1990; 72,716 injuries from the seven states with the most numerous injuries were included. Temperature and wind data from each state's metropolitan weather stations were averaged for each day of the 6 year period. A weighted linear regression tested the relationship of ungrouped daily temperature and injury rate for all injury classes. For cold exposure injuries and fall injuries, relative incidence rates for grouped temperature data were fit with Poisson regression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  As temperatures decreased, injury rates increased for both cold exposure injuries and slip and fall injuries. The association of slip and fall injuries with temperature was inverse but not strictly linear. The strongest association appeared with temperatures 29 degrees F and below. The injury rates for other accident categories increased with increasing ambient temperatures.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study suggests that statewide average ambient temperature reflects the expected association between the thermal environment and cold exposure injuries for workers, but more importantly, documents an association between ambient temperatures and occupational slip and fall injuries.
authors.affiliation: Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Oulu, Finland. juhani.hassi@occuphealth.fi
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hassi
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gardner
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hendricks
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bell
mesh_terms: D000058:Accidental Falls / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D000062:Accidents, Occupational / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D000328:Adult; D003080:Cold Temperature; D003625:Data Collection; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008906:Mining / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D009784:Occupational Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology*; D016272:Occupational Health / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011336:Probability; D012307:Risk Factors; D012494:Sampling Studies; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D014947:Wounds and Injuries / Q000453:epidemiology*