title: Health, life and disability insurance and hereditary risk for breast or colorectal cancer.
abstract: Fear of insurance discrimination affecting the insurance-seeker and family has been reported as the singlemost important reason why individuals choose not to undergo genetic testing. The eleven health insurers operating on the Norwegian market were mailed a questionnaire asking them to list their insurance products and evaluate two individuals' requests for insurance. The requests were constructed in order to illustrate a high genetic risk for (a) colorectal (HNPCC) and (b) breast cancer (BRCAI/BRCA2), respectively. Nine out of 11 insurers responded. While no restriction was documented concerning risk of BRCA1/BRCA2 and life insurance or disability pension, the premium paid by persons with susceptibility to HNPCC varied between the different insurers from standard to raised premiums. The product 'critical disease' insurance was refused or obtained at normal or raised premiums in both cases, depending on the insurer in question. On examining personal indemnity insurance, we found that the BRCA1/BRCA2-risk individual was offered insurance at the standard premium, whereas HNPCC-risk individuals were offered a standard or raised premium. Only the major Norwegian insurer is in fact diverging in its policies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology, University Hospital of Tromsø, Norway. jannorum@fagmed.uit.no
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Norum
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Tranebjaerg
mesh_terms: D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics*; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics*; D006233:Persons with Disabilities; D005249:Fees and Charges; D005260:Female; D019940:Genes, bcl-1; D019254:Genes, bcl-2; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D005820:Genetic Testing; D006801:Humans; D007352:Insurance, Life / Q000191:economics / Q000592:standards*; D008297:Male; D009664:Norway; D016134:Organizational Policy; D011287:Prejudice; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012308:Risk Management