title: Effect of carbon dioxide under high pressure on the survival of cheese starter cultures.
abstract: A new processing method that rapidly forms curds and whey from milk has the potential to improve cheesemaking procedures if cheese starter cultures can tolerate the processing conditions. The survival of Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus, Lactococcus lactis ssp. lactis, or Streptococcus thermophilus through this new process was evaluated. Inoculated milk containing 0, 1, or 3.25% fat or Lactobacillus MRS broth or tryptone yeast lactose broth (depending on microorganism used) was sparged with CO2 to a pressure of 5.52 MPa and held for 5 min at 38 degrees C. Broth contained 7.93 to 8.78 log CFU/ ml before processing and 7.84 to 8.66 log CFU/ml afterward. Before processing, milk inoculated with L bulgaricus, L. lactis, or S. thermophilus contained 6.81, 7.35, or 6.75 log CFU/ml, respectively. After processing, the curds contained 5.68, 7.32, or 6.50 log CFU/g, and the whey had 5.05, 6.43, or 6.14 log CFU/ml, respectively. After processing, the pHs of control samples were lower by 0.41 units in broth, 0.53 units in whey, and 0.89 units in curd. The pH of the processed inoculated samples decreased by 0.3 to 0.53 units in broth, 0.32 to 0.37 units in whey, and 0.93 to 0.98 units in the curd. Storing curds containing L. lactis at 30 degrees C or control curds and curds with L. bulgaricus or S. thermophilus at 37 degrees C for an additional 48 h resulted in pHs of 5.22, 5.41, 4.53, or 4.99, respectively. This study showed that milk inoculated with cheese starter cultures and treated with CO2 under high pressure to precipitate casein-produced curds that contained sufficient numbers of viable starter culture to produce lactic acid, thereby decreasing the pH.
authors.affiliation: Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Eastern Regional Research Center, Dairy Products Research Unit, Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania 19038, USA. dvanhekken@arserrc.gov
authors.forename: D L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: van Hekken
authors.forename: K T
authors.initials: KT
authors.lastname: Rajkowski
authors.forename: P M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Tomasula
authors.forename: M H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Tunick
authors.forename: I H
authors.initials: IH
authors.lastname: Holsinger
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002364:Caseins; D002611:Cheese / Q000382:microbiology*; D005511:Food Handling / Q000379:methods*; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008892:Milk / Q000382:microbiology; D011312:Pressure
chemical_list: D002364:Caseins; D002245:Carbon Dioxide