title: Immunopathological factors for vertical transmission of HIV-1.
abstract: With the global rise in human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) infection in women of childbearing age, there has also been an alarming rise in the number of mother-to-child transmissions of HIV-1. Although drug therapies such as zidovudine as well as nevirapine have been demonstrated to significantly decrease the incidence of vertical transmission of HIV-1, these therapeutic regimens are still not widely available in some developing countries where maternal-to-child transmission of HIV-1 continues to occur at an alarming rate. Therefore, the continued studies of mechanisms and correlates of vertical transmission of HIV-1 are warranted. The current status of immunological and virological correlates of vertical transmission are summarized in this review. In addition, information concerning recent therapeutic agents for the prevention of HIV-1 vertical transmission is presented.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, FL 33612, USA.
authors.forename: R L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Edgeworth
authors.forename: K E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Ugen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D005865:Gestational Age; D014943:Global Health; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000635:transmission*; D006679:HIV Seropositivity / Q000453:epidemiology; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D018445:Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical / Q000517:prevention & control; D019829:Nevirapine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011247:Pregnancy; D011251:Pregnancy Complications, Infectious / Q000188:drug therapy; D012307:Risk Factors; D015215:Zidovudine / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents; D015215:Zidovudine; D019829:Nevirapine