title: Factors affecting survival and long-term outcome in the cirrhotic patient undergoing hepatic resection for hepatocellular carcinoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Prognostic analysis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in the cirrhotic patient undergoing hepatic resection is necessary in order to determine the clinical effect of hepatectomy on prognosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Univariate and multivariate retrospective analyses were performed in 51 cirrhotic patients (38 men, 13 women; mean age 65 years, range 43-81 years) with supervening HCC undergoing hepatic resection between January 1993 and December 1997.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Segmental liver resection was performed in 39 patients (76%) with non-anatomical (wedge) resections in the remainder of cases. The post-operative mortality rate was 8%. The tumours recurred in 23 patients (45%), with 12 patients (52% of recurrences) recurring within 1 year of surgery and 22 patients (96% of recurrences) within 3 years. Recurrent disease was most frequently intrahepatic (22 patients). Significant risk factors for recurrence were micro/macro vascular invasion, and symptoms.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The recurrence rate of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with cirrhosis undergoing surgical resection alone is high and actuarial survival at 4 years is low. Other approaches to the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with cirrhosis require consideration.
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chiappa
authors.forename: A P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Zbar
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Audisio
authors.forename: B E
authors.initials: BE
authors.lastname: Leone
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Biella
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Staudacher
mesh_terms: D000206:Actuarial Analysis; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery*; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005260:Female; D006498:Hepatectomy / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D008103:Liver Cirrhosis / Q000150:complications*; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012306:Risk; D012307:Risk Factors; D016019:Survival Analysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D019043:Vascular Neoplasms / Q000556:secondary