title: Computer support for interpreting family histories of breast and ovarian cancer in primary care: comparative study with simulated cases.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the potential effect of computer support on general practitioners' management of familial breast and ovarian cancer, and to compare the effectiveness of two different types of computer program.
  
  
  METHODS
  Crossover experiment with balanced block design.
  
  
  METHODS
  Of a random sample of 100 general practitioners from Buckinghamshire who were invited, 41 agreed to participate. From these, 36 were selected for a fully balanced study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Doctors managed 18 simulated cases: 6 with computerised decision support system Risk Assessment in Genetics (RAGs), 6 with Cyrillic (an established pedigree drawing program designed for clinical geneticists), and 6 with pen and paper.
  
  
  METHODS
  Number of appropriate management decisions made (maximum 6), mean time taken to reach a decision, number of pedigrees accurately drawn (maximum 6). Secondary measures were method of support preferred for particular aspects of managing family histories of cancer; importance of specific information on cancer genetics that might be provided by an "ideal computer program."
  
  
  RESULTS
  RAGs resulted in significantly more appropriate management decisions (median 6) than either Cyrillic (median 3) or pen and paper (median 3); median difference between RAGs and Cyrillic 2.5 (95% confidence interval 2.0 to 3.0; P<0.0001). RAGs also resulted in significantly more accurate pedigrees (median 5) than both Cyrillic (median 3.5) and pen and paper (median 2); median difference between RAGs and Cyrillic 1.5 (1.0 to 2.0; P<0.0001). The time taken to use RAGs (median 178 seconds) was 51 seconds longer per case (95% confidence interval 36 to 65; P<0.0001) than pen and paper (median 124 seconds) but was less than Cyrillic (median 203 seconds; difference 23. (5 to 43; P=0.02)). 33 doctors (92% (78% to 98%)) preferred using RAGs overall. The most important elements of an "ideal computer program" for genetic advice in primary care were referral advice, the capacity to create pedigrees, and provision of evidence and explanations to support advice.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  RAGs could enable general practitioners to be more effective gatekeepers to genetics services, empowering them to reassure the majority of patients with a family history of breast and ovarian cancer who are not at increased genetic risk.
authors.affiliation: ICRF General Practice Research Group, Division of Public Health and Primary Health Care, Institute of Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LF. jon.emery@dphpc.ox.ac.uk
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Emery
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Walton
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Murphy
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Austoker
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Yudkin
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chapman
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Coulson
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Glasspool
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fox
mesh_terms: D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics*; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D003658:Decision Making, Computer-Assisted; D005194:Family Practice; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010051:Ovarian Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics*; D016544:Patient Simulation; D010375:Pedigree; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011379:Prognosis