title: Comparative studies of the chemiluminescent horseradish peroxidase-catalysed peroxidation of acridan (GZ-11) and luminol reactions: effect of pH and scavengers of reactive oxygen species on the light intensity of these systems.
abstract: In this study, the chemiluminescent horseradish peroxidase/H(2)O(2)-catalysed oxidation of acridan (GZ-11) substrate was compared with the well-characterized light-producing luminol reaction. p-Iodophenol and p-phenylphenol were used as enhancers, respectively, for the luminol and acridan reactions. These two light-producing systems showed significant differences in relation to the effect of pH, as well as the effect of scavengers of reactive oxygen species, on the light intensity. Light production measured could be as low as pH 2.6 in the acridan reaction, whereas light emission was not detected in the luminol system below pH 5.6. In contrast with the luminol system, it was found that superoxide dismutase does not inhibit the light intensity of the acridan system. This suggests that superoxide anion does not participate in the mechanism of the light-emitting steps of the acridan reaction. Addition of hydroxyl radical scavengers, mannitol and benzoate, to the acridan reaction medium had no appreciable effect on the chemiluminescent intensity, indicating that hydroxyl radicals do not interfere in light-emitting steps. In addition, the peroxidation of the acridan substrate was found to be very slow at pH 5.6 in the absence of the enhancer, p-phenylphenol, whereas in its presence a rapid degradation of the acridan substrate was observed. Therefore, it is suggested that the enhancer might be initially oxidized by the HRP/H(2)O(2) system, resulting in the formation of the enhancer radical, which could be the actual oxidizing agent of the acridan substrate. Together, the data presented in this paper indicate that the chemiluminescent horseradish peroxidase-catalysed peroxidation of acridan (GZ-11) is more specific than the luminol reaction for the reactive oxygen species involved in the light-emitting steps, i. e, H(2)O(2).
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Wageningen University, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Osman
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zomer
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Laane
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hilhorst
mesh_terms: D000166:Acridines / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers / Q000494:pharmacology; D006735:Horseradish Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism*; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000378:metabolism; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008163:Luminescent Measurements; D008165:Luminol / Q000378:metabolism*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000166:Acridines; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D008165:Luminol; C011633:acridan; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D006735:Horseradish Peroxidase