title: Mechanism of paclitaxel activity in Kaposi's sarcoma.
abstract: Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) is an angioproliferative disease characterized by proliferation of spindle-shaped cells predominantly of endothelial cell origin, neoangiogenesis, inflammatory cell infiltration, and edema. At least in early stage, KS behaves as a reactive lesion sustained by the action of inflammatory cytokines and growth factors, has a polyclonal nature, and can regress. However, in time it can become monoclonal, especially in the nodular stage, evolving into a true sarcoma, likely in association with the increased expression of antiapoptotic oncogenes. We have recently demonstrated by immunohistochemical analysis that Bcl-2, a proto-oncogene known to prolong cellular viability and to antagonize apoptosis, is highly expressed in spindle cells and vessels of both AIDS-KS and classical KS lesions and that its expression increases with lesion stage. Paclitaxel, a microtubule-stabilizing drug known to inhibit Bcl-2 antiapoptotic activity and to be highly effective in the treatment of certain neoplasms, has recently been found to be active also in patients with advanced HIV-associated KS. In this report we investigated the mechanism(s) of paclitaxel activity in KS. By using a model of experimental KS induced by the inoculation of KS-derived spindle cells in nude mice and primary cultures of KS spindle cells, we found that paclitaxel promotes regression of KS lesions in vivo and that it blocks the growth, migration, and invasion of KS cells in vitro. Furthermore, paclitaxel treatment promoted apoptosis and down-regulated Bcl-2 protein expression in KS cells in vitro and in KS-like lesions in mice. Our results suggest that paclitaxel interferes with KS by down-regulating Bcl-2 antiapoptotic effect.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Virology, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sgadari
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Toschi
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Palladino
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Barillari
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Carlei
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cereseto
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ciccolella
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Yarchoan
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Monini
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Stürzl
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ensoli
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000187:drug effects; D015536:Down-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D006131:Growth Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009368:Neoplasm Transplantation; D017239:Paclitaxel / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000090063:Proto-Oncogene Mas; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000096:biosynthesis; D012513:Sarcoma, Experimental / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D012514:Sarcoma, Kaposi / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; D006131:Growth Inhibitors; C000715470:MAS1 protein, human; D000090063:Proto-Oncogene Mas; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D017239:Paclitaxel