title: Sleep changes during long-term treatment of depression with fluvoxamine--a home-based study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The effects of antidepressants on sleep in depression have been extensively investigated, although to date there have been relatively few studies of newer drug classes such as specific serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). All reported studies on SSRIs have been conducted in patients admitted to sleep laboratories and very few longitudinal studies have continued to measure sleep beyond 5 weeks of treatment. The growing trend towards outpatient and community care has highlighted the need for studies of sleep in depression in a more naturalistic setting, and during longer periods of treatment in line with recommended clinical practice.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To establish if the changes in sleep architecture and continuity described during early treatment with SSRIs persist after 3 months, to relate these changes to clinical state, and to establish whether home recordings would yield similar results to previous laboratory studies.
  
  
  METHODS
  We have recorded objective sleep parameters in 12 depressed patients before and during 12-week treatment with an SSRI, fluvoxamine. All the sleep recordings were performed in the patients' own homes, using the Oxford Medilog system.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At 12 weeks, 7/12 patients had responded (HAM-D decreased by > 50%). REM latency showed the expected increase early in treatment; this change was less obvious at weeks 3 and 12. Amount of REM sleep was decreased at day 2 and week 3, but returned to baseline by week 12. Slow wave sleep was slightly increased at day 2 and decreased at week 12. Of the sleep continuity measures, the only significant change was in sleep onset latency, which was increased at week 3; the other measures showed non-significant worsening at night 2 and week 3, but most were better than baseline by 12 weeks. Subjective sleep (the three sleep items on the HAM-D) showed a progressive improvement over time, especially in the responders.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The effects of the SSRI fluvoxamine on objective sleep measures are in the direction predicted by its pharmacological actions and some persist for at least 12 weeks. In addition subjective appraisal of sleep is strongly affected by mood state. All patients found the home recording procedure acceptable and only minimally disruptive.
authors.affiliation: Psychopharmacology Unit, School of Medical Sciences, University of Bristol, UK. sue.wilson@bris.ac.uk
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bell
authors.forename: N J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Coupland
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Nutt
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000339:Affect / Q000187:drug effects; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000188:drug therapy; D005260:Female; D016666:Fluvoxamine / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017286:Polysomnography / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000379:methods; D017367:Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012895:Sleep, REM / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D016666:Fluvoxamine; D017367:Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors