title: Hyporetinolemia and acute phase proteins in children with and without xerophthalmia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The relations among hyporetinolemia, acute phase proteins, and vitamin A status in children are unclear.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The objective was to examine the relations between acute phase proteins and plasma retinol concentrations in children with and without clinical vitamin A deficiency (Bitot spots and night blindness).
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was a nonconcurrent analysis of acute phase protein concentrations and other data from a previous clinical trial. Preschool children, 3-6 y of age, with (n = 118) and without (n = 118) xerophthalmia were assigned to receive oral vitamin A (60 mg retinol equivalent) or placebo and were seen at 5 wk. All children received oral vitamin A (60 mg retinol equivalent) at 5 wk.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At baseline, alpha(1)-acid glycoprotein (AGP) was elevated in 42.9% and 23.5% (P < 0.003) and C-reactive protein (CRP) was elevated in 17.7% and 13.7% (NS) of children with and without xerophthalmia, respectively. Hyporetinolemia (retinol < 0.7 micromol/L) occurred in 61.0% and 47.4% (P < 0.04) of children with and without xerophthalmia, respectively. A history of fever, a history of cough, and nasal discharge noted on examination were each associated with elevated acute phase proteins. Vitamin A supplementation increased plasma retinol at 5 wk but had no significant effect on concentrations of acute phase proteins.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Elevated acute phase protein concentrations and infectious disease morbidity are closely associated during vitamin A deficiency.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA. rdsemba@jhmi.edu
authors.forename: R D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Semba
authors.lastname: Muhilal
authors.forename: K P
authors.initials: KP
authors.lastname: West
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Natadisastra
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Eisinger
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lan
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sommer
mesh_terms: D000209:Acute-Phase Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003141:Communicable Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009017:Morbidity; D009755:Night Blindness / Q000097:blood* / Q000209:etiology*; D014801:Vitamin A / Q000097:blood* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014802:Vitamin A Deficiency / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy; D014985:Xerophthalmia / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications*
chemical_list: D000209:Acute-Phase Proteins; D014801:Vitamin A