title: [Multiple sclerosis and epileptic seizures].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although epileptic seizures are uncommon in multiple sclerosis they are more prevalent than in the general population, which supports an aetiological relationship. Similarly in a considerable proportion of patients with multiple sclerosis and epileptic seizures, alterations in magnetic resonance and electroencephalogram studies which could be correlated with the clinical features of epilepsy were observed. Nevertheless, it is difficult to establish definite clinical characteristics in these patients since the underlying pathogenic mechanisms are poorly understood and there is great variability with regard to the type of seizure, point at which this occurs during the course of the disease, degree of recurrence and other aspects.
  
  
  METHODS
  We report the clinical, electroencephalographical and neuroimaging findings of seven patients with multiple sclerosis who had epileptic seizures and those in whom there was no evidence of other potentially epileptogenic pathology. In two patients the epileptic seizures formed part of the first episode of their illness. One patient presented more than one type of epileptic seizure. These seizures were generalized in two cases, partial sensory and/or motor with secondary generalization in three, simple partial motor in one and partial complex in two. The epileptic seizures coincided with other clinical features of episodes in three cases and the electroencephalogram showed anomalies in five cases.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The findings observed were of a wide variety, as was found in other reported series. We point out certain correlations between the clinical data, magnetic resonance and electroencephalogram which may help to orientate the management of these patients.
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Neurofisiología Clínica, Hospital Virgen del Camino, Pamplona, España. ig_gurtubay@yahoo.com
authors.forename: I G
authors.initials: IG
authors.lastname: Gurtubay
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gila
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Morales
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gállego-Culleré
authors.forename: M T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Ayuso
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Manubens
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology; D004569:Electroencephalography; D004827:Epilepsy / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology*; D005071:Evoked Potentials / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis
vernacular_title: Esclerosis múltiple y crisis epilépticas.