title: Self-study from web-based and printed guideline materials. A randomized, controlled trial among resident physicians.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  On-line physician education is increasing, but its efficacy in comparison with existing self-study methods is unknown.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To compare knowledge, learning efficiency, and learner satisfaction produced by self-study of World Wide Web-based and print-based guidelines for care after acute myocardial infarction.
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomized, controlled trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  12 family medicine and internal medicine residency programs at four universities.
  
  
  METHODS
  162 residents.
  
  
  METHODS
  In proctored sessions, participants were randomly assigned to study from printed materials or from SAGE (Self-Study Acceleration with Graphic Evidence), a Web-based tutorial system. Both methods used identical self-assessment questions and answers and guideline text, but SAGE featured hyperlinks to specific guideline passages and graphic evidence animations.
  
  
  METHODS
  Scores on multiple-choice knowledge tests, score gain per unit of study time, and ratings on a learner satisfaction scale.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Immediate post-test scores on a 20-point scale were similar in the SAGE and control groups (median score, 15.0 compared with 14.5; P>0.2), but SAGE users spent less time studying (median, 27.0 compared with 38.5 minutes; P<0.001) and therefore had greater learning efficiency (median score gain, 8.6 compared with 6.7 points per hour; P = 0.04). On a scale of 5 to 20, SAGE users were more satisfied with learning (median rating, 17.0 compared with 15.0; P<0.001). After 4 to 6 months, knowledge had decreased to the same extent in the SAGE and control groups (median score, 12.0 compared with 11.0; P = 0.12).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  On-line tutorials may produce greater learning efficiency and satisfaction than print materials do, but one self-study exposure may be insufficient for long-term knowledge retention. Further research is needed to identify instructional features that motivate greater final learning and retention.
authors.affiliation: University of California, Los Angeles, School of Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine and Health Services Resarch, 90095-1736, USA. sageguery@gim.med.ucla.edu
authors.forename: D S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Bell
authors.forename: G C
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Fonarow
authors.forename: R D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Hays
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Mangione
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D003194:Computer-Assisted Instruction / Q000379:methods*; D003258:Consumer Behavior; D003627:Data Interpretation, Statistical; D006801:Humans; D020407:Internet; D007396:Internship and Residency; D007858:Learning; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000628:therapy; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D011380:Programmed Instructions as Topic; D012655:Self-Evaluation Programs