title: Helicobacter pylori eradication in clinical practice: retreatment rates and costs of competing regimens.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To measure outcomes for eradication regimens for Helicobacter pylori infection in routine clinical practice.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective analysis of an integrated medical and pharmacy claims database identified patients treated from June 1, 1995 through May 31, 1996, and followed the patients' claims until December 31, 1996.
  
  
  METHODS
  The database represented multiple health plans throughout the US.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients were > or = 16 years old, continuously enrolled from April 1, 1995, to December 31, 1996, and met clinical (diagnostic or procedural) criteria.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patient cohorts were treated with bismuth-based triple (n = 98), proton-pump inhibitor (PPI)-based triple (n = 180), or PPI-based dual (n = 337) regimens.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retreatment; monthly postregimen medical expense, controlling for preregimen expense; and drug cost per successfully treated patient. Cox regression (retreatment analysis) and ANCOVA (postregimen expense analysis) adjusted for age, gender, diagnostic/procedural criteria met by patient, and specialty physician use.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Retreatment rates were higher (p < 0.05) for PPI-based dual than bismuth-based or PPI-based triple-therapy cohorts. Retreatment rates for bismuth- and PPI-based triple-therapy cohorts were not significantly different. Total and follow-up (excluding the first 2 wk of treatment) expenses were higher for retreated than nonretreated patients (p < 0.01). Total expenses were higher for the PPI-dual cohort (p < 0.05) than for triple cohorts. Drug costs per successfully treated patient were $30 for bismuth-based, $172 for PPI-based triple, and $208 for PPI-based dual-therapy regimens.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PPI-based dual-therapy regimens are not cost-effective in H. pylori treatment. Further study should compare more costly (PPI-based) versus less costly (bismuth-based) triple-therapy regimens.
authors.affiliation: Health Management Services, Express Scripts, Inc., Tempe, AZ 85281, USA. kfairman@express-scripts.com
authors.forename: K A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Fairman
authors.forename: B R
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Motheral
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000863:Antacids / Q000191:economics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D001729:Bismuth / Q000191:economics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination / Q000191:economics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D016481:Helicobacter Infections / Q000188:drug therapy*; D016480:Helicobacter pylori; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D054328:Proton Pump Inhibitors; D012189:Retrospective Studies
chemical_list: D000863:Antacids; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D054328:Proton Pump Inhibitors; D001729:Bismuth