HIV protease inhibitor-related lipodystrophy syndrome.
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) protease inhibitor (PI) therapy is frequently associated with a syndrome increasingly referred to as lipodystrophy syndrome, which is characterized by peripheral lipoatrophy, fat accumulation within the abdomen, in the breasts of women, and over the cervical vertebrae ("buffalo hump"), hyperlipidemia, and insulin resistance. In the largest study to date, peripheral lipoatrophy (an estimated 0.35-kg fat loss per month overall from the face, limbs, and upper trunk) was observed in association with all licensed PIs after a median 10 months of PI therapy. Diabetes mellitus type II appears to be a related, but less common, adverse effect. The lipodystrophy syndrome may be a result of the inhibition of 2 proteins involved in lipid metabolism that have significant homology to the catalytic site of HIV protease-namely, cytoplasmic retinoic acid binding protein type 1 and low density lipoprotein-receptor-related protein.
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HIV Medicine Unit, St. Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, Australia.
D020134:Catalytic Domain; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy*; D016333:HIV Protease / Q000737:chemistry; D017320:HIV Protease Inhibitors / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D008060:Lipodystrophy / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D026503:Low Density Lipoprotein Receptor-Related Protein-1; D008297:Male; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic / Q000737:chemistry; D018168:Receptors, Retinoic Acid / Q000737:chemistry; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
D017320:HIV Protease Inhibitors; D026503:Low Density Lipoprotein Receptor-Related Protein-1; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic; D018168:Receptors, Retinoic Acid; C082927:retinoic acid binding protein I, cellular; D016333:HIV Protease