title: Effect of a syphilis control programme on pregnancy outcome in Nairobi, Kenya.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the impact of a syphilis control programme of pregnant women on pregnancy outcome in Kenya.
  
  
  METHODS
  Women who came to deliver to Pumwani Maternity Hospital (PMH) between April 1997 and March 1998 were tested for syphilis. Reactive rapid plasma reagin (RPR) tests were titrated and confirmed with treponema haemagglutination test (TPHA). Equal numbers of RPR and TPHA negative women were enrolled. Antenatal syphilis screening and treatment history were examined from the antenatal cards.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 22,466 women giving birth, 12,414 (55%) were tested for syphilis. Out of these, 377 (3%) were RPR reactive of whom 296 were confirmed by TPHA. Syphilis sero-reactive women had a more risky sexual behaviour and coexistent HIV antibody positivity; 26% were HIV seropositive compared with 11% among syphilis negative mothers. The incidence of adverse obstetric outcome defined as low birth weight and stillbirth, was 9.5%. Syphilis seropositive women had a higher risk for adverse obstetric outcome (OR 4.1, 95% CI 2.4-7.2). Antenatal treatment of RPR reactive women significantly improved pregnancy outcome but the risk of adverse outcome remained 2.5-fold higher than the risk observed in uninfected mothers.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data confirm the adverse effect of syphilis on pregnancy outcome. This study also shows the efficacy of antenatal testing and prompt treatment of RPR reactive mothers on pregnancy outcome.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Ghent, Belgium. marleen.temmerman@rug.ac.be
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Temmerman
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gichangi
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fonck
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Apers
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Claeys
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Van Renterghem
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kiragu
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Karanja
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ndinya-Achola
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bwayo
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007630:Kenya / Q000453:epidemiology; D008403:Mass Screening / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards; D011247:Pregnancy; D011251:Pregnancy Complications, Infectious / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome / Q000453:epidemiology; D011296:Prenatal Diagnosis / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards; D012307:Risk Factors; D013587:Syphilis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control*