title: MR venography of multiple sclerosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The distribution of multiple sclerosis (MS) lesions in the brain follows a specific pattern, with most lesions in the periventricular regions and in the deep white matter; histopathologic studies have shown a perivenous distribution. The aim of this study was to illustrate these distribution patterns in vivo using high-resolution MR venography.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventeen MS patients underwent MR imaging at 1.5 T. Venographic studies were obtained with a 3D gradient-echo technique. MS lesions were identified on T2-weighted images, and their shape, orientation, and location were compared with the venous anatomy on the venograms.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The use of contrast material facilitated the visualization of small veins and increased the number of veins seen. A total of 95 MS lesions could be identified on both the T2-weighted series and the venograms; a central vein was visible in all 43 periventricular lesions and in all but one of the 52 focal deep white matter lesions. The typical ovoid shape and orientation of the long axis of the MS lesions correlated well with the course of these veins.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  With MR venography, the perivenous distribution of MS lesions in the brain can be visualized in vivo. The venous anatomy defines the typical form and orientation of these lesions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University Hospital Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: I L
authors.initials: IL
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: van Schijndel
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Pouwels
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: van Walderveen
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Reichenbach
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Manoliu
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Barkhof
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology; D002550:Cerebral Veins / Q000473:pathology*; D003287:Contrast Media; D006801:Humans; D018810:Magnetic Resonance Angiography; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008875:Middle Aged; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000175:diagnosis*
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media