title: Cortisol and prolactin concentrations during repeated blood sample collection from freely moving, mouse-sized mammals (Phodopus spp.).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Validation of a method for obtaining blood samples that does not change cortisol or prolactin concentrations yet allows serial blood samples to be collected from animals under anesthesia, without prior handling, from freely interacting social groups of small mammals.
  
  
  METHODS
  Results from five experiments are reported. Male dwarf hamsters (Phodopus spp.) were housed in modified home cages under continuous flow of compressed air that could be switched to isoflurane in O2 vehicle without approaching the cages.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Dwarf hamsters respond to manual restraint with behavioral distress and increase in the concentration of the dominant glucocorticoid, cortisol, and decrease in prolactin concentration. Both effects are evident within one minute. In contrast, when this new method was used, neither cortisol nor prolactin changed in response to repeated sample collection (up to 8 successive samples at 2 hour intervals), prolonged isoflurane exposure, or substantial blood volume reduction (30%). Prolactin concentration was suppressed and cortisol concentration was increased in response to stimuli from other hamsters tested without anesthesia. Suppression of prolactin concentration was graded in response to the degree of stress and equaled the pharmacologic reduction caused by bromocryptine mesylate (50 microg of CB154 x 3 days).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The technique is superior to alternatives for studies of behavioral endocrinology of freely interacting small mammals.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada.
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Reburn
authors.forename: K E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Wynne-Edwards
mesh_terms: D000280:Administration, Inhalation; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000818:Animals; D001273:Atmosphere Exposure Chambers; D001800:Blood Specimen Collection / Q000379:methods*; D001810:Blood Volume / Q000502:physiology; D001971:Bromocriptine / Q000494:pharmacology; D002138:Calibration; D006224:Cricetinae; D004867:Equipment Design; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000097:blood*; D007530:Isoflurane / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008297:Male; D017111:Phodopus / Q000097:blood*; D011388:Prolactin / Q000097:blood*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012149:Restraint, Physical; D012934:Social Isolation / Q000523:psychology; D013312:Stress, Physiological / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000523:psychology
chemical_list: D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation; D001971:Bromocriptine; D011388:Prolactin; D007530:Isoflurane; D006854:Hydrocortisone