title: Neonatal pulmonary hypoplasia and perinatal mortality in patients with midtrimester rupture of amniotic membranes--a critical analysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We sought to critically assess the risk factors for neonatal pulmonary hypoplasia and perinatal death in patients with preterm rupture of the amniotic membranes from 15 to 28 weeks' gestation.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a prospective cohort study. The study patients had preterm rupture of the amniotic membranes at 15 to 28 weeks' gestation and were without fetal anomalies, multiple gestation, and oligohydramnios before rupture of the membranes. The amniotic fluid volume index was determined at admission and weekly afterward until delivery.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The incidence of pulmonary hypoplasia was 12.9% (21/163). The overall perinatal mortality rate was 54% (88/163). Logistic regression analysis revealed the following: (1) Gestational age at rupture of the membranes, the latency period, and either the initial or the average amniotic fluid index have significant influence on the development of pulmonary hypoplasia; (2) gestational age at rupture of the membranes and latency period are significant factors in predicting perinatal death.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this large population of patients with rupture of membranes at 15 to 28 weeks' gestation, gestational age at rupture of the membranes, latency period, and amniotic fluid index were important independent predictors of neonatal pulmonary hypoplasia. In addition, gestational age at rupture of the membranes and latency period were important independent determinants of perinatal death. Expectant management of patients with preterm rupture of the amniotic membranes during this gestational age interval was associated with improved perinatal survival, even though it may increase the risk of pulmonary hypoplasia.
authors.affiliation: Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, St. Louis University, MO 63117, USA. Winnh@slu.edu
authors.forename: H N
authors.initials: HN
authors.lastname: Winn
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Amon
authors.forename: T L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Leet
authors.forename: J B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Shumway
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Mostello
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D005322:Premature Rupture of Fetal Membranes / Q000150:complications* / Q000628:therapy; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D007226:Infant Mortality; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008168:Lung / Q000002:abnormalities*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011262:Pregnancy Trimester, Second; D012307:Risk Factors