title: Management of resistant hypertension in patients with carotid stenosis: high prevalence of renovascular hypertension.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Patients with carotid stenosis are at high risk of vascular events and therefore require an optimal control of risk factors such as hypertension. As the treatment of hypertension differs according to the cause, we examined the prevalence of resistant hypertension, and the cause of hypertension, among patients with carotid stenosis followed closely in two randomized trials of carotid endarterectomy.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of resistant hypertension and of secondary hypertension among patients with carotid stenosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  A chart review was performed of all patients from our center who participated in the North American Symptomatic Carotid Endarterectomy Trial or the Asymptomatic Carotid Artery Study to determine the prevalence of renovascular hypertension.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among 170 patients with carotid stenosis followed in these two trials, 145 (83.5%) were hypertensive (systolic >160 or diastolic >90 mm Hg); at least 24 (14.1% overall, 16.6% of hypertensives) had renovascular hypertension based on either nuclear medicine renography, renal angiography or both; among the 79 patients with resistant hypertension (mean arterial pressure >130 mm Hg despite treatment), 20 (25.3%) had renovascular hypertension. Adrenocortical hyperplasia was the underlying cause of hypertension in 12 (7.1% of cases, 8.3% of hypertensives, 8.8% of resistant hypertensives). Blood pressures were significantly higher for patients with renovascular and adrenocortical hypertension (p < 0.0001 for systolic, p = 0.024 for diastolic pressures).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Among patients with carotid stenosis, renovascular hypertension is unusually common. Resistant hypertension among such patients should lead to investigation and management directed at the cause of hypertension. Appropriate investigations might include plasma renin/aldosterone ratio, captopril renography and MRA of the renal arteries or renal angiography.
authors.affiliation: Stroke Prevention and Atherosclerosis Research Centre, Siebens-Drake/Robarts Research Institute, London, Ont., Canada. dspence@rri.on.ca
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Spence
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D017130:Angioplasty; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001161:Arteriosclerosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000601:surgery; D016893:Carotid Stenosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000601:surgery; D016894:Endarterectomy, Carotid; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D006977:Hypertension, Renal / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D020521:Stroke / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D000959:Antihypertensive Agents