title: Hyperthyroid heart disease.
abstract: The heart is an organ sensitive to the action of thyroid hormone, and measurable changes in cardiac performance are detected with small variations in thyroid hormone serum concentrations. Most patients with hyperthyroidism experience cardiovascular manifestations, and the most serious complications of hyperthyroidism occur as a result of cardiac involvement. Recent studies provide important insights into the molecular pathways that mediate the action of thyroid hormone on the heart and allow a better understanding of the mechanisms that underlie the hemodynamic and clinical manifestations of hyperthyroidism. Several cardiovascular conditions and drugs can interfere with thyroid hormone levels and may pose a difficulty in interpretation of laboratory data in patients with suspected thyroid heart disease. The focus of this report is a review of the current knowledge of thyroid hormone action on the heart and the clinical and hemodynamic laboratory findings as well as therapeutic management of patients with hyperthyroid heart disease.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University, California 94305-5406, USA.
authors.forename: B M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Fadel
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ellahham
authors.forename: M D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Ringel
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lindsay
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wartofsky
authors.forename: K D
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Burman
mesh_terms: D001281:Atrial Fibrillation / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D006321:Heart / Q000502:physiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006331:Heart Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D006980:Hyperthyroidism / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology*; D009200:Myocardial Contraction; D009206:Myocardium / Q000166:cytology; D013963:Thyroid Hormones / Q000502:physiology*; D013974:Thyroxine / Q000502:physiology; D014284:Triiodothyronine / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D013963:Thyroid Hormones; D014284:Triiodothyronine; D013974:Thyroxine