title: The P300 brain potential is reduced in smokers.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Tobacco smoking is the most prevalent type of substance abuse, yet its biobehavioral etiology is little understood. Identification of differences between smokers and non-smokers on basic characteristics of neurocognitive functioning may help to elucidate the mechanisms of tobacco dependence.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study assessed the relationship between smoking status and the P300 component of event-related potential (ERP) while controlling for potential confounders such as alcoholism, drug abuse, and psychopathology.
  
  
  METHODS
  The ERP responses elicited by a visual oddball task were measured at the mid-parietal site in 905 current smokers, 463 ex-smokers, and 979 never smokers.
  
  
  RESULTS
  P300 amplitude was significantly lower in current cigarette smokers compared to never-smokers. Ex-smokers did not differ significantly from never-smokers. P300 reduction was also associated with alcoholism, drug dependence, and family density of alcoholism. However, after controlling for smoking, only family density of alcoholism remained a significant predictor of P300 amplitude.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results indicate a significant effect of smoking status on P300 amplitude which is additive to family history of alcoholism and suggest that either (1) long-term tobacco smoking may produce a reversible change in brain function, or (2) reduced P300 may be a marker of risk for nicotine dependence.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63108, USA. andrey@matlock.wustl.edu
authors.forename: A P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Anokhin
authors.forename: A B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Vedeniapin
authors.forename: E J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Sirevaag
authors.forename: L O
authors.initials: LO
authors.lastname: Bauer
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: O'Connor
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kuperman
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Porjesz
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Reich
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Begleiter
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Polich
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Rohrbaugh
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000437:Alcoholism / Q000235:genetics / Q000503:physiopathology*; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D018913:Event-Related Potentials, P300 / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009538:Nicotine / Q000494:pharmacology; D018722:Nicotinic Agonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D012907:Smoking / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology
chemical_list: D018722:Nicotinic Agonists; D009538:Nicotine