title: The role of some brain structures in the switching of the descending influences in operantly conditioned rats.
abstract: A hypothesis was proposed according to which the switching of descending influences by the corticospinal and corticorubrospinal systems was associated with rubro-olivary projection involvement depending on the context of movement [Kennedy P. R. (1990) Trends Neurosci. 13, 474-479]. Our results confirmed and extended this hypothesis. It was shown that a preliminary transection of the dorsolateral funiculus (containing the rubrospinal tract) accelerated the compensatory rehabilitation process following lesions of the red nucleus and the ventrolateral thalamic nucleus in albino rats with learned instrumental reflexes on equilibrium. A preliminary lesion of the ventrolateral thalamic nucleus considerably hampered the switching process; nevertheless, performance of the reflexes suggested that the switching of cerebellar ascending influences to the cerebral cortex could be completed through other cerebellocortical pathways as well. Comparison of the results of electrolytic and chemical lesions of the red nucleus suggested a similar conclusion. It was established that the conditioning and recovery of already learned instrumental reflexes were impossible after complete neurotoxic destruction of the inferior olive. The data obtained emphasize the role of the inferior olive, ventrolateral thalamic nucleus and red nucleus in the switching of descending influences in operantly motor conditioned rats. Motor deficit and the compensatory rehabilitation process depended on the severity of inferior olive destruction combined with a high transection of the dorsolateral funiculus and a destroyed red nucleus. Long-lasting training improved compensation of motor deficit and stabilized instrumental reflexes to some extent in rats with incomplete destruction of the inferior olive. It has been suggested that these modifications occur because of collateral sprouting in the olivocerebellar system.
authors.affiliation: L. A. Orbeli Institute of Physiology, National Academy of Sciences of Armenia, 22 Bros. Orbeli Str., 375028, Yerevan, Armenia. vvfanar@sci.am
authors.forename: V V
authors.initials: VV
authors.lastname: Fanardjian
authors.forename: E V
authors.initials: EV
authors.lastname: Papoyan
authors.forename: E A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Hovhannisyan
authors.forename: A B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Melik-Moussian
authors.forename: O V
authors.initials: OV
authors.lastname: Gevorkyan
authors.forename: V I
authors.initials: VI
authors.lastname: Pogossian
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology*; D003216:Conditioning, Operant / Q000502:physiology*; D003714:Denervation; D004525:Efferent Pathways / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology*; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000502:physiology*; D009410:Nerve Degeneration / Q000139:chemically induced; D009473:Neuronal Plasticity / Q000502:physiology*; D009847:Olivary Nucleus / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology; D011712:Pyramidal Tracts / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology; D051381:Rats; D012012:Red Nucleus / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology; D012018:Reflex / Q000502:physiology*; D013116:Spinal Cord / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology*; D020651:Ventral Thalamic Nuclei / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology