title: Altered intragraft immune responses and improved renal function in MHC class II-deficient mouse kidney allografts.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  During renal allograft rejection, expression of MHC class II antigens is up-regulated on the parenchymal cells of the kidney. This up-regulation of MHC class II proteins may stimulate the intragraft alloimmune response by promoting their recognition by recipient CD4+ T cells. In previous studies, absence of donor MHC class II antigens did not affect skin graft survival, but resulted in prolonged survival of cardiac allografts.
  
  
  METHODS
  To further explore the role of MHC class II antigens in kidney graft rejection, we performed vascularized kidney transplants using donor kidneys from A(beta)b-deficient mice that lack MHC class II expression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At 4 weeks after transplant, GFR was substantially depressed in control allografts (2.18+/-0.46 ml/min/kg) compared to nonrejecting isografts (7.98+/-1.62 ml/min/kg; P<0.01), but significantly higher in class II- allografts (4.38+/-0.60 ml/min/kg; P<0.05). Despite the improvement in renal function, class II- allograft demonstrated histologic features of acute rejection, not unlike control allografts. However, morphometric analysis at 1 week after transplantation demonstrated significantly fewer CD4+ T cells infiltrating class II- allografts (12.8+/-1.2 cells/mm2) compared to controls (25.5+/-2.6 cells/mm2; P=0.0007). Finally, the intragraft profile of cytokines was altered in class II- allografts, with significantly reduced expression of Th2 cytokine mRNA compared to controls.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results support a role of MHC class II antigens in the kidney regulating immune cells within the graft. Further, effector pathways triggered by class II antigens promote renal injury during rejection.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Durham Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, North Carolina 27705, USA.
authors.forename: R B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Mannon
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Doyle
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Griffiths
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bustos
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Platt
authors.forename: T M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Coffman
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D018414:CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D016207:Cytokines / Q000235:genetics; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000276:immunology; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate; D006084:Graft Rejection / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D006183:H-2 Antigens / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D000949:Histocompatibility Antigens Class II / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology / Q000502:physiology*; D008264:Macrophages / Q000276:immunology; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008811:Mice, Inbred DBA; D008815:Mice, Inbred Strains; D014158:Transcription, Genetic / Q000276:immunology; D014184:Transplantation, Homologous
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D006183:H-2 Antigens; D000949:Histocompatibility Antigens Class II