title: Long-term patient adherence to antiretroviral therapy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To measure patient adherence to antiretroviral therapy over a two-year period and to identify factors impacting adherence.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a regional HIV treatment center, 100 consecutive patients starting any new antiretroviral agent were enrolled in this study, which consisted of a one-year retrospective data review and a one-year prospective component. The tools used for evaluating adherence were the monthly prescription refill data and a patient questionnaire. Data analyzed included overall adherence, adherence to individual antiretrovirals, and change in adherence over time, as well as factors reported as influencing adherence.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Greater than 80% adherence in taking prescribed doses was seen in 75% of patients during the retrospective phase of the study; adherence increased to 84% in the prospective phase. Throughout the prospective phase of the study, monthly median adherence rates were 98-100%. Suboptimal adherence secondary to pill fatigue or number of daily pills did not occur. Reported nonadherence to dietary restrictions varied among drugs. The primary cause given for poor adherence was difficulty remembering followed by inconvenient dosing schedule and difficulty scheduling administration times around meals. At least one adherence tool was used by 61% of patients. A diagnosis of AIDS was associated with lower adherence in our patient population (p = 0.039); substance abuse and psychiatric history had no influence.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Adherence to antiretroviral treatment regimens did not diminish over the two years studied. Several patients with poor adherence were identified, emphasizing the importance of addressing this issue both prior to and throughout treatment. A personalized approach by healthcare providers can optimize patient adherence to antiretroviral therapy by providing careful drug selection in addition to routine follow-up and the provision of information, feedback, and reminder systems.
authors.affiliation: Southern Alberta HIV Clinic, Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, Canada.
authors.forename: N J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Ostrop
authors.forename: K A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Hallett
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Gill
mesh_terms: D000163:Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000523:psychology; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D005260:Female; D005502:Food; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010349:Patient Compliance / Q000523:psychology*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000523:psychology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents