Particle-based biofilm reactor technology.
Particle-based biofilm reactors provide the potential to develop compact and high-rate processes. In these reactors, a large biomass content can be maintained (up to 30 g l-1), and the large specific surface area (up to 3000 m2 m-3) ensures that the conversions are not strongly limited by the biofilm liquid mass-transfer rate. Engineered design and control of particle-based biofilm reactors are established, and reliable correlations exist for the estimation of the design parameters. As a result, a new generation of high-load, efficient biofilm reactors are operating throughout the world with several full-scale applications for industrial and municipal waste-water treatment.
Nicolella
C
C
Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Reading, UK. c.nicolella@afnovell.reading.ac.uk
van Loosdrecht
M C
MC
Heijnen
S J
SJ
D018441:Biofilms; D019149:Bioreactors; D001709:Biotechnology