title: Cyclooxygenase-2 expression is up-regulated in transitional cell carcinoma and its preneoplastic lesions in the human urinary bladder.
abstract: Cyclooxygenase (COX) is a key enzyme in the synthesis of prostaglandins from arachidonic acid. Much evidence, including that from epidemiological and experimental studies, suggests that the inducible form of COX, COX-2, is increased in colon tumor tissues and is involved in colon cancer tumorigenesis. To determine the significance of COX-2 in tumorigenesis in the urinary bladder, the expression of COX-2 in transitional cell carcinoma and preneoplastic lesions of the bladder was examined. Tumor specificity of COX-2 immunoblotting was 100% in 12 of 35 (34%) tumors, but in 0 of the 10 normal urothelia samples. COX-2 expression was significantly correlated with tumor stage in 9 of 20 (45%) muscle-invasive (pT2-4) tumors and in 3 of 15 (20%) superficially invasive (pT1) tumors (P < 0.05). Immunohistochemical examination revealed that 13 of 14 (93%) samples of carcinoma in situ (CIS), which may be the precursor of muscle-invasive-type tumors, expressed COX-2, whereas 10 of 21 (48%) samples of dysplasia, which may be the precursor of both superficially invasive and muscle-invasive tumors, expressed COX-2. From the expression profile of COX-2 in these various urothelia, it is suggested that COX-2 is involved in the development of transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder, especially that of muscle-invasive tumors via CIS. Furthermore, COX-2 may be a therapeutic target for CIS because of the high expression rate of COX-2 in CIS lesions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagoshima University, Japan. tsu@med5.kufm.kagoshima-u.ac.JP
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shirahama
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002278:Carcinoma in Situ / Q000378:metabolism; D002295:Carcinoma, Transitional Cell / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D051545:Cyclooxygenase 1; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D006801:Humans; D015151:Immunoblotting; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D008875:Middle Aged; D011230:Precancerous Conditions / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D011379:Prognosis; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D015854:Up-Regulation; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D019459:Urothelium / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D007527:Isoenzymes; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D051545:Cyclooxygenase 1; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; C496511:PTGS1 protein, human; C496540:PTGS2 protein, human; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases