title: Violence and fear of violence in East and West Germany.
abstract: The purpose of this research was to assess the effect of major social changes in Germany since 1989 on mortality due to intentional injury. Mechanisms and types of fatal intentional injury in East and West Germany between 1970 and 1995 were determined from death certificates and compared with judicial data on violent crime convictions and recent public survey data on citizen fear of crime. The number of homicides among East German males increased between 1989 and 1991, and the homicide rate remains high when compared with West German males (although lower than that of American males). Homicide among German females is less common, presently about equally likely in East and West. Violent crime in general has become more frequent in Germany, and citizen fear of crime has increased markedly, especially in the East. Non-citizens are convicted for an increasing number of homicides and assaults. Rates of suicide were declining in East and West before reunification, and these rates have continued to decline. Social changes in Europe since 1989 have led to noticeable increases in violence and homicide in Germany, which in turn have reduced feelings of security among German citizens, especially in the East. Suicide rates have not been affected.
authors.affiliation: Bavarian Public Health Research Center, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: D E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Clark
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wildner
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D005858:Germany; D006708:Homicide / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012922:Social Change; D013405:Suicide / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D014754:Violence