title: Comparison of the echinocandin caspofungin with amphotericin B for treatment of histoplasmosis following pulmonary challenge in a murine model.
abstract: Twenty clinical isolates of Histoplasma capsulatum were tested for their in vitro susceptibilities to caspofungin in comparison to those to amphotericin B by following National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards guidelines for yeasts. The mean MICs were 16.6 microgram/ml (range, 8 to 32 microgram/ml) for caspofungin and 0.56 microgram/ml (range, 0.5 to 1.0 microgram/ml) for amphotericin B. Survival experiments used a 10(5) dose in a pulmonary challenge model with B6C3F(1) mice. All mice that received amphotericin B at 2 mg/kg of body weight every other day (q.o.d.), 30% of mice that received caspofungin at 8 mg/kg/day, and 20% of mice that received caspofungin at 4 mg/kg/day survived to day 15, while mice that received caspofungin at 2 mg/kg/day and all control mice that received the vehicle died by day 14. Amphotericin B at 2 mg/kg q.o.d. markedly reduced the fungal burden in the lungs and spleens, as measured by Histoplasma antigen detection techniques and quantitative cultures, for each comparison. Caspofungin at 10 mg/kg twice a day (b.i.d.) did not reduce the fungal burden, as measured by antigen detection techniques, but slightly reduced the levels of fungi in both the lungs and spleens, as determined by quantitative cultures. Caspofungin at 5 mg/kg b.i.d. did not affect fungal burden. Overall, caspofungin had only a slight effect on survival or fungal burden.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterans' Affairs Hospital, and Histoplasmosis Reference Laboratory, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kohler
authors.forename: L J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Wheat
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Connolly
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Schnizlein-Bick
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Durkin
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Smedema
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Goldberg
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Brizendine
mesh_terms: D000666:Amphotericin B / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000077336:Caspofungin; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D054714:Echinocandins; D006658:Histoplasma / Q000187:drug effects; D006660:Histoplasmosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000382:microbiology; D006801:Humans; D055666:Lipopeptides; D051379:Mice; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D010455:Peptides; D010456:Peptides, Cyclic; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000935:Antifungal Agents; D054714:Echinocandins; D055666:Lipopeptides; D010455:Peptides; D010456:Peptides, Cyclic; D000666:Amphotericin B; D000077336:Caspofungin