title: The chemical composition of Phyllanthus discoideus and its effect on the ruminal ammonia and volatile fatty acid concentration when fed to west African dwarf sheep.
abstract: The feeding value of Phyllanthus discoideus (also called Margaritaria discoidea) leaves was evaluated using eight two-year-old West African Dwarf sheep fed natural grass hay. Four of the animals were fistulated ruminally and used for ammonia and volatile fatty acid determination in the fluid. Dried leaves of Phyllanthus discoideus were offered at two levels (25% and 50% of DMI, diets D25% and D50%, respectively) as supplements to the basal hay diet. The CP content of the control, D25% and D50% diets were 11.5, 12.6 and 13.6%, respectively, and their digestible energy amounted to 58.2, 61.1 and 56.9%, respectively. Rumen liquor was sampled one hour before and one, three and five hours after the morning feeding. Sheep fed the control diet had a higher ruminal ammonia concentration than those fed diet D25%. Similarly, ruminal ammonia concentration was higher in sheep fed the control diet than those fed the diet D50%. Five hours after feeding the ruminal ammonia concentration was significantly lower than one hour after feeding. The VFA concentrations in rumen fluid of sheep fed the control diet was inferior to those fed diets D25% and D50%. Sheep fed diet D50% showed significantly higher VFA concentrations than those fed diet D25%. Digestibility of organic matter and digestible energy did not show any significant difference. However, a marginal increase in organic matter digestibility of 3.5% was observed in diet D25% compared with the control diet. There was no significant difference in the N-digestibility in sheep fed the control, D25% and D50% diets. Nevertheless, a marginal improvement in N-digestibility (1.5%) and N-retention (2.7%) was observed with the highest level of Phyllanthus discoideus (D50%). In conclusion, Phyllanthus discoideus appears as a particularly valuable feedstuff because it contains low levels of condensed tannins (12.8 g/kg), high CP content (156 g/kg) and a relatively high GE content (19.3 kJ/g DM). Although the improvement in N-digestibility and N-retention were only marginal the feeding of Phyllanthus discoideus could be justified under extreme shortage of feed resources during dry season. It should also be mentioned that a much more pronounced effect by supplementation with Phyllanthus discoideus could be expected when poor quality grass hay prevalent in West Africa during the dry season is fed. Phyllanthus discoideus could serve as a supplement to poor quality grass at 25% to 50% of supplementation.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Animal Nutrition, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany.
authors.forename: I I
authors.initials: II
authors.lastname: Osakwe
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Steingass
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Drochner
mesh_terms: D000641:Ammonia / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D019665:Euphorbiaceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D005232:Fatty Acids, Volatile / Q000378:metabolism*; D019800:Phenol / Q000032:analysis; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012417:Rumen / Q000378:metabolism*; D012756:Sheep / Q000378:metabolism*; D013634:Tannins / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D005232:Fatty Acids, Volatile; D010936:Plant Extracts; D013634:Tannins; D019800:Phenol; D000641:Ammonia