title: Pharmacokinetics of intraperitoneal hyperthermic perfusion with mitoxantrone in ovarian cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Theoretical data and experimental assumptions indicate that intraperitoneal hyperthermic chemotherapy may play a role in the treatment of peritoneal carcinomatosis. The feasibility, tolerability and pharmacokinetics of intraperitoneal hyperthermic perfusion with mitoxantrone were studied in patients with pretreated ovarian cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  After cytoreductive surgery, 11 patients underwent intraperitoneal hyperthermic perfusion with mitoxantrone. A heated (42-43 degrees C) solution of the drug (28 mg/m2) was recycled through a perfusion apparatus into the abdominal cavity for 90 min. Treatment was repeated every month for two to four cycles. In six patients blood and peritoneal perfusate samples were collected at 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 4, 8, 16 and 24 h after drug administration and mitoxantrone was assayed by an HPLC method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Although treatment was generally well tolerated, all patients developed transient intestinal subocclusion. Maximal mitoxantrone plasma concentrations (Cmax), times to Cmax (Tpeak) and area under the curves (AUC) were highly variable between subjects (Cmax 14-337 ng/ml; Tpeak 0.5-8 h; AUC 222-4130 ng x ml(-1) x h). The plasma to peritoneal fluid AUC ratio was significantly higher during the second (0.177) than during the first cycle (0.066), suggesting a cycle-dependent increase in systemic bioavailability. Furthermore, when comparing present data with those reported previously, hyperthermic perfusion may have lowered the mitoxantrone levels in the peritoneal fluid without greatly influencing plasma levels.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Intraperitoneal mitoxantrone administered under hyperthermia to advanced ovarian cancer patients is feasible and well tolerated. Mitoxantrone pharmacokinetics may be altered by repeated intraperitoneal administration (increased bioavailability) and by hyperthermic perfusion (possibly, increased peritoneal tissue uptake).
authors.affiliation: Medical Oncology Department, Padua General Hospital, Italy. mariaorn@tin.it
authors.forename: M O
authors.initials: MO
authors.lastname: Nicoletto
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Padrini
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Galeotti
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ferrazzi
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cartei
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Riddi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Palumbo
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: De Paoli
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Corsini
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D006358:Hot Temperature; D006801:Humans; D007263:Infusions, Parenteral / Q000379:methods; D008875:Middle Aged; D008942:Mitoxantrone / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010051:Ovarian Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy*
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D008942:Mitoxantrone