title: Cytosolic phospholipase A2 is required for macrophage arachidonic acid release by agonists that Do and Do not mobilize calcium. Novel role of mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways in cytosolic phospholipase A2 regulation.
abstract: The 85-kDa cytosolic phospholipase A(2) (cPLA(2)) mediates agonist-induced arachidonic acid release and eicosanoid production. Calcium and phosphorylation on Ser-505 by mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) regulate cPLA(2). Arachidonic acid release and eicosanoid production induced by stimuli that do (A23187, zymosan) or do not (phorbol myristate acetate (PMA), okadaic acid) mobilize calcium were quantitatively suppressed in cPLA(2)-deficient mouse peritoneal macrophages. The contribution of MAPKs to cPLA(2)-mediated arachidonic acid release was investigated. Both extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERKs) and p38 contributed to cPLA(2) phosphorylation on Ser-505. However, although ERK inhibition did not affect A23187-induced arachidonic acid release, it suppressed zymosan-, PMA-, and okadaic acid-induced arachidonic acid release under conditions where phosphorylation of cPLA(2) on Ser-505 was unaffected. This indicates an additional regulatory mechanism for the ERK pathway. A role for transcriptional regulation is suggested by data showing that cycloheximide and actinomycin D inhibited arachidonic acid release induced by zymosan, PMA and, okadaic acid but not by A23187. Our results show that MAPK pathways contribute to arachidonic acid release in macrophages through alternative mechanisms in addition to their ability to phosphorylate cPLA(2) on Ser-505 and suggest a role for new protein synthesis.
authors.affiliation: Program in Cell Biology, Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Medical and Research Center, Denver, Colorado 80206, USA.
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Gijón
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Spencer
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Siddiqi
authors.forename: J V
authors.initials: JV
authors.lastname: Bonventre
authors.forename: C C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Leslie
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000841:Anisomycin / Q000494:pharmacology; D016718:Arachidonic Acid / Q000819:agonists / Q000378:metabolism*; D000001:Calcimycin / Q000494:pharmacology; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism*; D003600:Cytosol / Q000201:enzymology*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D007476:Ionophores / Q000494:pharmacology; D020935:MAP Kinase Signaling System / Q000502:physiology*; D008264:Macrophages / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D019255:NADPH Oxidases / Q000378:metabolism; D019319:Okadaic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D010739:Phospholipase D / Q000378:metabolism; D010741:Phospholipases A / Q000502:physiology*; D054467:Phospholipases A2; D010766:Phosphorylation; D011500:Protein Synthesis Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D012694:Serine / Q000378:metabolism; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate / Q000494:pharmacology; D013997:Time Factors; D015054:Zymosan / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D007476:Ionophores; D011500:Protein Synthesis Inhibitors; D019319:Okadaic Acid; D016718:Arachidonic Acid; D000001:Calcimycin; D012694:Serine; D000841:Anisomycin; D015054:Zymosan; D019255:NADPH Oxidases; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D010741:Phospholipases A; D054467:Phospholipases A2; D010739:Phospholipase D; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate; D002118:Calcium