title: Randomized controlled trial assessing the effect of vitamin A supplementation on maternal morbidity during pregnancy and postpartum among HIV-infected women.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether low-cost treatment of HIV using vitamin A would be beneficial, we examined the effect of vitamin A supplementation on morbidity of HIV-1 infected women.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a randomized, double blind placebo-controlled trial at King Edward VIII Hospital, in Durban, South Africa. In total, 312 HIV-seropositive pregnant women between 28 and 32 weeks' gestation were recruited into this trial. Patients were randomized to receive placebo or 5,000 IU retinyl palmitate and 30 mg beta-carotene daily. At delivery of their children, patients received placebo or 200,000 IU retinyl palmitate. The main outcome measures were pre- and postnatal report of HIV-related symptoms.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Vitamin A did not confer any significant beneficial effect on the report of either HIV or pregnancy-related symptoms during the pre- or postnatal period.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this study of HIV-infected pregnant women, vitamin A supplementation given in doses designed to decrease mother-to-infant transmission did not result in significant beneficial effect on reported symptoms pre- or postnatally. Further investigation with larger number of participants, tailoring supplementation for specific clinical conditions, outside the context of pregnancy, is required to help clarify the possible clinical benefits of vitamin A.
authors.affiliation: Joseph L. Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York City, New York 10032, USA.
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Kennedy
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Coutsoudis
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kuhn
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Pillay
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mburu
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Stein
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Coovadia
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004224:Diterpenes; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006679:HIV Seropositivity / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D009017:Morbidity; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D049590:Postpartum Period; D011247:Pregnancy; D011251:Pregnancy Complications, Infectious / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D000084562:Retinyl Esters; D013019:South Africa / Q000453:epidemiology; D014801:Vitamin A / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D019207:beta Carotene / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D004224:Diterpenes; D000084562:Retinyl Esters; D019207:beta Carotene; D014801:Vitamin A; C014794:retinol palmitate