title: Enalapril and valsartan improve cyclosporine A-induced vascular dysfunction in spontaneously hypertensive rats.
abstract: Cyclosporine A causes hypertension and nephrotoxicity in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). In the present study, arterial function was investigated using in vitro vascular preparations after long-term treatment with cyclosporine A. SHR received cyclosporine A (5 mg kg(-1) day(-1) s.c.) and high-Na(+) diet for 6 weeks during the developmental phase of hypertension. Part of the rats were treated concomitantly either with the angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor enalapril (30 mg kg(-1) day(-1) p.o.) or with an angiotensin AT(1) receptor antagonist valsartan (3 or 30 mg kg(-1) day(-1) p.o.). In renal arteries, contractile responses to noradrenaline and angiotensin II, as well as relaxation responses to acetylcholine (endothelium-dependent) and to sodium nitroprusside (endothelium-independent), were severely impaired by cyclosporine A-treatment. There was also a trend for the dysfunction of the mesenteric arteries, but the impairment did not reach statistical difference. Enalapril and valsartan improved the impaired renal arterial functions. Cyclosporine A-induced hypertension and nephrotoxicity seem to be associated with renal arterial dysfunction in SHR on high-Na(+) diet. Antagonism of the renin-angiotensin system protects from vascular toxicity of cyclosporine A.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 8, FIN-00014, Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lassila
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Finckenberg
authors.forename: A K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Pere
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Vapaatalo
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Nurminen
mesh_terms: D000109:Acetylcholine / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D016572:Cyclosporine / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004656:Enalapril / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006973:Hypertension / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D008638:Mesenteric Arteries / Q000187:drug effects / Q000503:physiopathology; D009599:Nitroprusside / Q000494:pharmacology; D009638:Norepinephrine / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D011918:Rats, Inbred SHR; D012077:Renal Artery / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000503:physiopathology; D013599:Systole; D013777:Tetrazoles / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014633:Valine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D000068756:Valsartan; D014661:Vasoconstriction / Q000187:drug effects; D014664:Vasodilation / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D013777:Tetrazoles; D009599:Nitroprusside; D004656:Enalapril; D000068756:Valsartan; D016572:Cyclosporine; D014633:Valine; D000109:Acetylcholine; D009638:Norepinephrine