title: Value of the urinary stone promoters/inhibitors ratios in the estimation of the risk of urolithiasis.
abstract: An imbalance between urinary-promoting and -inhibiting factors has been suggested as more important in urinary stone formation than a disturbance of any single substance. To investigate the value of promoter/inhibitor ratios for estimation of the risk of urolithiasis, urinary citrate/calcium, magnesium/calcium oxalate, and oxalate/citrate x glycosaminoglycans ratios were determined in 30 children with urolithiasis, 36 children with isolated hematuria, and 15 healthy control children. The cutoff points between normal children and children with urolithiasis, accuracy, specificity, and sensitivity for each ratio were determined and compared with those of the 24-h urine calcium and oxalate excretion and urine saturation calculated with the computer program EQUIL 2. The neural network application (aiNET Artificial Neural Network, version 1.25) was used for the determination of the cutoff points for the classification of normal children and the urolithiasis group. The best test for differentiating stone formers from non-stone formers proved the aiNET determined cutoff values of oxalate/citrate x glycosaminoglycans ratio. The method showed 97.78% accuracy, 100% sensitivity, and 93.33% specificity. Two cutoff points between normal and urolithiasis groups were found showing that the children with urolithiasis had ratio values either above 34.00 or less than 10.16. Increased oxalate excretion was linked to the first cutoff value (34.00), and decreased glycosaminoglycans excretion was typical of the second cutoff value (10.16).
authors.affiliation: Childrens' University Hospital Salata, Department of Pharmacology, and Clinical Institute for Laboratory Diagnosis, Medical Faculty University of Zagreb, Croatia.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Batinić
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Milosević
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Blau
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Konjevoda
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Stambuk
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Barbarić
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Subat-Dezulović
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Votava-Raić
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Nizić
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Vrljicak
mesh_terms: D002118:Calcium / Q000652:urine; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D006801:Humans; D010070:Oxalates / Q000652:urine; D018570:Risk Assessment; D014545:Urinary Calculi / Q000209:etiology* / Q000652:urine
chemical_list: D010070:Oxalates; D002118:Calcium