title: Further analysis of the involvement of the envelope anion channel PIRAC in chloroplast protein import.
abstract: The ability of preferredoxin to inactivate a 50-pS anion channel of the chloroplast inner membrane in the presence of an energy source was investigated using single-channel recordings. It was found that preferredoxin cannot inactivate the channel when GTP is the only energy source present. From this it is concluded that the precursor has to interact with the, translocon of the inner membrane of chloroplasts (Tic) complex to be able to inactivate the 50-pS anion channel. The ability of two mutants of preferredoxin with deletions in their transit sequence to inactivate the channel was also tested. Both mutants have been shown to have a similar binding affinity for the chloroplast envelope, but only one is able to fully translocate. The mutants were both able to inactivate the channel in a similar manner. From this it is concluded that full translocation is not necessary for the inactivation of the channel. It is also shown that preferredoxin is capable of inactivating the 50-pS anion channel in the chloroplast-attached configuration as was previously found in the inside-out configuration. From this it is concluded that stromal factors do not influence the protein-import-induced inactivation of the 50-pS anion channel of the chloroplast inner membrane. Finally the effect of the anion channel blocker 4, 4'-diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-disulfonate (DIDS) on the channel activity and on protein import was investigated. It was found that DIDS blocked the channel. Furthermore the addition of the channel blocker reduces the efficiency of import to 52%. This leads to the conclusion that correct functioning of the channel is important for protein import.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen Agricultural University, The Netherlands. wyngaard@bio.vu.nl
authors.forename: P W
authors.initials: PW
authors.lastname: van den Wijngaard
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Demmers
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Thompson
authors.forename: H L
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Wienk
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: de Kruijff
authors.forename: W J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Vredenberg
mesh_terms: D017878:4,4'-Diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-Disulfonic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D000838:Anions; D001692:Biological Transport; D002736:Chloroplasts / Q000378:metabolism*; D005288:Ferredoxins / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D006160:Guanosine Triphosphate / Q000378:metabolism; D007473:Ion Channels / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D009154:Mutation; D018408:Patch-Clamp Techniques; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D011498:Protein Precursors / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D017384:Sequence Deletion
chemical_list: D000838:Anions; D005288:Ferredoxins; D007473:Ion Channels; D010940:Plant Proteins; D011498:Protein Precursors; C085169:preferredoxin; D006160:Guanosine Triphosphate; D017878:4,4'-Diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-Disulfonic Acid