title: Investigation of bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of treosulfan capsules in patients with relapsed ovarian cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Treosulfan (L-threitol-1,4-bis-methanesulfonate, Ovastat) is a prodrug of a bifunctional alkylating agent with activity in ovarian carcinoma and other solid tumors. In a pharmacologic study of the bioavailability of treosulfan in a capsule formulation, patients with relapsed ovarian carcinoma were treated with alternating doses of oral and intravenous (i.v.) treosulfan of 1.5 or 2.0 g daily for 5 to 8 days.
  
  
  METHODS
  A sensitive method for the determination of treosulfan in plasma and urine by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography had previously been developed. Pharmacokinetic analyses of treosulfan were carried on plasma and urine samples from 20 i.v. courses and 20 courses of oral administration.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The bioavailability ratio (f) of oral to i.v. administration was calculated as 0.97 +/- 0.18 (mean +/- SD) using the values AUC oral = 82.1 +/- 39.4 microg/ml h and AUC i.v. = 85.4 +/- 30.3 microg/ml h. The peak plasma concentration cmax (29 +/- 14 microg/ml vs 65 +/- 23 microg/ml) was significantly (P < 0.01) higher after i.v. administration and the tmax after oral administration was 1.5 +/- 0.34 h. The terminal half-life of treosulfan was about 1.8 h. The mean urinary excretion of the parent compound was about 15% of the administered total dose over 24 h (range 6-26%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The high and relatively constant bioavailability of treosulfan indicates that capsules provide a satisfactory noninvasive treatment alternative. A feasible and reliable oral treosulfan formulation could provide the basis for the development of long-term low-dose outpatient treatment of patients with malignant diseases.
authors.affiliation: Innere Klinik und Poliklinik (Tumorforschung), Universitätsklinikum Essen, Westdeutsches Tumorzentrum, Germany. ralf.hilger@uni-essen.de
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Hilger
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Jacek
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Oberhoff
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kredtke
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Baumgart
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Seeber
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Scheulen
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000368:Aged; D018906:Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001682:Biological Availability; D002066:Busulfan / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004341:Drug Evaluation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; D010051:Ovarian Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D018906:Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating; C018404:treosulfan; D002066:Busulfan