title: Quantitative characterization of mass lesions on digitized mammograms for computer-assisted diagnosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate features for discriminating benign from malignant mammographic findings by using computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) and to test the accuracy of CAD interpretations of mass lesions.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-five sequential, mammographically detected mass lesions, referred for biopsy, were digitized for computerized reevaluation with a CAD system. Quantitative features that characterize spiculation were automatically extracted by the CAD system. Data generated by 271 known retrospective cases were used to set reference values indicating the range for malignant and benign lesions. After conventional interpretation of the 55 prospective cases, they were evaluated a second time by the radiologist using the extracted features and the reference ranges. In addition, a pattern-recognition scheme based on the extracted features was used to classify the prospective cases. Accuracy of interpretation with and without the CAD system was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sensitivity of the CAD diagnosis for the prospective cases improved from 92% to 100%. Specificity improved significantly from 26.7% to 66.7%. This was accompanied by a significant increase in the accuracy of diagnosis from 56.4% to 81.8% and in the positive predictive value from 51.1% to 71.4%. The Az for the CAD ROC curve significantly increased from 0.73 to 0.90. The performance of the classification scheme was slightly lower than that of the radiologists' interpretation with the CAD system.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Use of the CAD system significantly improved the accuracy of diagnosis. The findings suggest that the classification scheme may improve the radiologist's ability to differentiate benign from malignant mass lesions in the interpretation of mammograms.
authors.affiliation: Jerusalem College of Technology, Israel. leichter@avoda.jct.ac.il
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Leichter
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Buchbinder
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bamberger
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Novak
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fields
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lederman
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001706:Biopsy; D001941:Breast Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D003936:Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008327:Mammography; D008875:Middle Aged; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012189:Retrospective Studies