title: Anti-Gag cytolytic T lymphocytes specific for an alternative translational reading frame-derived epitope and resistance versus susceptibility to retrovirus-induced murine AIDS in F(1) mice.
abstract: Murine AIDS (MAIDS) develops in susceptible mouse strains after infection with the LP-BM5 murine leukemia virus complex that contains causative defective, and ecotropic helper, retroviruses. We previously demonstrated that the MAIDS-resistant H-2(d) strains BALB/cByJ and C57BL/KsJ generate MHC class I (K(d)) restricted virus-specific CD8(+) cytolytic T lymphocytes (CTLs) that lyse cells expressing either defective or ecotropic gag proteins. In contrast, the congenic BALB.B and closely related C57BL/6J MAIDS-susceptible H-2(b) strains were unable to serve as a source of gag-specific CTLs (Schwarz and Green, 1994), suggesting that anti-gag CTLs might provide a basis for resistance to MAIDS. Although its susceptibility to MAIDS was unknown, the (BALB/c x C57BL/6J) F(1) (CBY6F(1)) strain could also produce H-2(d)-, but not H-2(b)-, restricted, anti-gag CTLs (Schwarz and Green, 1994). Because of this correlation between anti-gag CTLs and resistance to MAIDS, it was important to provide more direct evidence in support of CTL-mediated protection and to determine both the fine specificity of CByB6F(1) anti-gag CTLs, in comparison with the resistant C57BL/Ks and BALB/c strains, and the susceptibility of this F(1) strain to LP-BM5-induced MAIDS. We report here that no symptoms of MAIDS were observed in CBY6F(1) (H-2(dxb)) mice. For F(2) mice, in contrast to the high susceptibility of H-2(b/b) mice, 77% of H-2(d/d) and 81% of H-2(b/d) F(2) mice did not exhibit MAIDS after LP-BM5 infection. These results are in contrast to other published studies that concluded that susceptibility, rather than resistance, is dominant in F(1) (resistant x susceptible or susceptible x resistant) mice. We also show that CBY6F(1) anti-gag CTLs exhibit a fine specificity shared by the MAIDS-resistant BALB/c and C57BL/Ks strains, that is, the immunodominant gag epitope, SYNTGRFPPL, encoded by an alternative open reading frame. Together with our direct demonstration here that in vivo monoclonal antibody (mAb) depletion of CD8(+) T cells converts genetically resistant mice to MAIDS susceptibility, these data on the ability to mount anti-ORF2/SYNTGRFPPL, gag-specific CTL responses strongly suggest that CTLs are a primary factor in determining MAIDS resistance. Accordingly, given the K(d)-restricted nature of the CTLs, the main genetic determinant of resistance appeared to be the codominant expression of the resistant H-2(d) haplotype. Interestingly, however, 19% of H-2(d/b) and 23% of the H-2(d/d) F(2) mice had at least one clinical aspect of MAIDS, suggesting that a non-MHC genetic determinant(s) can negatively influence T-cell protection and thus disease outcome
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Dartmouth Medical School, One Medical Center Drive, Lebanon, New Hampshire, 03756, USA.
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Mayrand
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Healy
authors.forename: B E
authors.initials: BE
authors.lastname: Torbett
authors.forename: W R
authors.initials: WR
authors.lastname: Green
mesh_terms: D017398:Alternative Splicing; D020816:Amino Acid Motifs; D000818:Animals; D018414:CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D003433:Crosses, Genetic; D004198:Disease Susceptibility; D018984:Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D015683:Gene Products, gag / Q000276:immunology*; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D016056:Immunodominant Epitopes / Q000378:metabolism; D009052:Leukemia Virus, Murine / Q000276:immunology*; D008212:Lymphocyte Depletion; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D016183:Murine Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology* / Q000821:virology*; D016176:T-Lymphocyte Subsets / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D013602:T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D018984:Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte; D015683:Gene Products, gag; D016056:Immunodominant Epitopes