title: [A statistical evaluation of the variability in the measurements of the resistive index in kidney transplantation].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Doppler ultrasound (US) is a valuable tool to measure blood flow in the transplanted kidney, but its operator-dependence can greatly affect repeatability and reproducibility of measurements. Aim of this work was to evaluate intraobserver and interobserver variability in measuring the resistive index (RI) in renal transplants.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ten renal transplant recipients were randomly selected among those undergoing follow-up and examined by two operators (FG and LB) with 3.5 MHz and 10 MHz scanheads to assess the variability of RI measurements. Each observer obtained two measurements of the RI with each scanhead within a 10-15 minutes' period. In all, 80 measurements were made, 4 per patient per observer. The statistical analysis included two-tailed Student's t-test for paired data and calculation of repeatability/reproducibility coefficients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Student's t-test analysis demonstrated a statistically significant difference (p = 0.037) between the means of the first and second measurements by FG with the 3.5 MHz scanhead and the first and the second measurements by LB with the same scanhead. Differences between the other means were not statistically significant. Intraobserver variability ranged 0.03 units (or 2.07%) and 0.07 units (or 4.24%), while interobserver variability was 0.04 units with both 3.5 and 10 MHz scanheads, or 3.61 and 3.73%, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Doppler US of renal transplants has statistically quantifiable operator-dependent variability: the possible evidence of statistically significant differences can be minimized by having the same operator make the measurements. However, RI variations ranging 0.02 to 0.04 units should not be considered significant.
authors.affiliation: I Cattedra di Radiologia, Università La Sapienza, Roma. giovagnorio@axrma.uniroma1.it
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Giovagnorio
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ballesio
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000502:physiology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015588:Observer Variation; D011897:Random Allocation; D012079:Renal Circulation; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D018608:Ultrasonography, Doppler / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D014655:Vascular Resistance
vernacular_title: Valutazione statistica della variabilità nelle misurazioni dell'indice di resistenza nel trapianto renale.