title: Role of the guanosine triphosphatase Rac2 in T helper 1 cell differentiation.
abstract: T helper 1 (TH1) cells mediate cellular immunity, whereas TH2 cells potentiate antiparasite and humoral immunity. We used a complementary DNA subtraction method, representational display analysis, to show that the small guanosine triphosphatase Rac2 is expressed selectively in murine TH1 cells. Rac induces the interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) promoter through cooperative activation of the nuclear factor kappa B and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways. Tetracycline-regulated transgenic mice expressing constitutively active Rac2 in T cells exhibited enhanced IFN-gamma production. Dominant-negative Rac inhibited IFN-gamma production in murine T cells. Moreover, T cells from Rac2-/- mice showed decreased IFN-gamma production under TH1 conditions in vitro. Thus, Rac2 activates TH1-specific signaling and IFN-gamma gene expression.
authors.affiliation: Section of Immunobiology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, 310 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520-8011, USA.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Voll
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Na
authors.forename: A W
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Roberts
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Davis
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ghosh
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Flavell
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006801:Humans; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics*; D048031:JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D019169:Jurkat Cells; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation; D051379:Mice; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D015398:Signal Transduction; D018417:Th1 Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D014162:Transfection; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D020744:rac GTP-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D000097766:RAC2 GTP-Binding Protein
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D007371:Interferon-gamma; D048031:JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D016328:NF-kappa B; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D020744:rac GTP-Binding Proteins; D000097766:RAC2 GTP-Binding Protein