title: Secretory products from PC-3 and MCF-7 tumor cell lines upregulate osteopontin in MC3T3-E1 cells.
abstract: Tumor cells frequently have pronounced effects on the skeleton including bone destruction, bone pain, hypercalcemia, and depletion of bone marrow cells. Despite the serious sequelae associated with skeletal metastasis, the mechanisms by which tumor cells alter bone homeostasis remain largely unknown. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that the disruption of bone homeostasis by tumor cells is due in part to the ability of tumor cells to upregulate osteopontin (OPN) mRNA in osteoblasts. Conditioned media were collected from tumor cells that elicit either osteolytic (MCF-7, PC-3) or osteoblastic responses (LNCaP) in animal models and their effects on OPN gene expression were compared using an osteoblast precursor cell line, MC3T3-E1 cells. Secretory products from osteolytic but not osteoblastic tumor cell lines were demonstrated to upregulate OPN in osteoblasts while inhibiting osteoblast proliferation and differentiation. Signal transduction studies revealed that regulation of OPN was dependent on both protein kinase C (PKC) and the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase cascade. These results suggest that the upregulation of OPN may play a key role in the development of osteolytic lesions. Furthermore, these results suggest that drugs that prevent activation of the MAP kinase pathway may be efficacious in the treatment of osteolytic metastases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan, School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA.
authors.forename: T G
authors.initials: TG
authors.lastname: Hullinger
authors.forename: R S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Taichman
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Linseman
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Somerman
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015153:Blotting, Western; D055415:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 4; D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D017077:Culture Media, Conditioned / Q000494:pharmacology; D004247:DNA / Q000096:biosynthesis; D006801:Humans; D020935:MAP Kinase Signaling System; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000378:metabolism*; D053495:Osteopontin; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism; D014176:Protein Biosynthesis; D011493:Protein Kinase C / Q000378:metabolism; D012313:RNA / Q000378:metabolism; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012795:Sialoglycoproteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000378:metabolism; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: C525809:BMP4 protein, human; C525810:Bmp4 protein, mouse; D055415:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 4; D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins; D017077:Culture Media, Conditioned; C506895:SPP1 protein, human; D012795:Sialoglycoproteins; C506896:Spp1 protein, mouse; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D053495:Osteopontin; D012313:RNA; D004247:DNA; D011493:Protein Kinase C