title: [Endogenous porcine retroviruses and xenotransplantation].
abstract: Vertebrate DNA contains numerous genomes closely related to retroviruses, i.e. endogenous retroviruses. While most of the retroviruses are pathogenous, endogenous retroviruses have rarely been shown as such. Endogenous retroviruses, as most of the retroviruses, are able to cross 'species barriers'. Porcine endogenous retroviruses were described in 1974. They are expressed in tissues and cells involved in transplantation, endothelial cells, for instance. They are capable of interspecific transmission, expressed in vitro in human cells; no evidence of in vivo interspecific transmission has been reported so far. As far as xenotransplantation is concerned, porcine endogenous retroviruses represent a risk of adaptation to humans of a new form of retrovirus. Such a risk mandates a close monitoring of recipients and their partners. This risk has already been taken with the use of tissues and stable blood-derived products from animals harboring in their genomes endogenous retroviruses.
authors.affiliation: Inra UMR 754, ¿ecole nationale v¿et¿erinaire de Lyon et universit¿e Claude-Bernard Lyon 1, France.
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Mornex
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D020077:Endogenous Retroviruses; D006801:Humans; D012307:Risk Factors; D013552:Swine / Q000821:virology*; D014183:Transplantation, Heterologous / Q000009:adverse effects; D014777:Virus Diseases / Q000635:transmission / Q000662:veterinary; D015047:Zoonoses / Q000635:transmission
vernacular_title: R¿etrovirus endog¿enes porcins et x¿enotransplantation.