title: A multivariate method for estimating mortality rates among children under 5 years from health and social indicators in Iraq.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Many reports on Iraq suggest that a rise in rates of death and disease have occurred since the Gulf War of January/February 1991 and the economic sanctions that followed it.
  
  
  METHODS
  Four preliminary models, based on unadjusted projections, were developed. A logistic regression model was then developed on the basis of six social variables in Iraq and comparable information from countries in the State of the World's Children report. Missing data were estimated for this model by a multiple imputation procedure. The final model depends on three socio-medical indicators: adult literacy, nutritional stunting of children under 5 years, and access to piped water.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The model successfully predicted both the mortality rate in 1990, under stable conditions, and in 1991, following the Gulf War. For 1996, after 5 years of sanctions and prior to receipt of humanitarian food via the oil for food programme, this model shows mortality among children under 5 to have reached an estimated 87 per 1000, a rate last experienced more than 30 years ago.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Accurate and timely estimates of mortality levels in developing countries are costly and require considerable methodological expertise. A rapid estimation technique like the one developed here may be a useful tool for quick and efficient estimation of mortality rates among under 5 year olds in countries where good mortality data are not routinely available. This is especially true for countries with complex humanitarian emergencies where information on mortality changes can guide interventions and the social stability to use standard demographic methods does not exist.
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA. rmg3@columbia.edu
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Garfield
authors.forename: C S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Leu
mesh_terms: D002669:Child Welfare; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003710:Demography; D004189:Disaster Planning; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007493:Iraq / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D009026:Mortality / Q000639:trends*; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014857:Warfare