title: Macrolides and clindamycin suppress the release of Shiga-like toxins from Escherichia coli O157:H7 in vitro.
abstract: We investigated the effects of antimicrobial agents fosfomycin (FOS), cefdinir (CDIN), levofloxacin (LEVX), rokitamycin (ROK), roxithromycin (ROX), and clindamycin (CLI) on the release of Shiga-like toxins (SLTs) by enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC). EHEC was cultured for 14 h in the presence of ROX, ROK or CLI at sub-minimum inhibitory concentrations (subMICs) of 1.56-6.25 mg/l, followed by assay of the level of SLTs in the supernatants using cytotoxicity assay and reversed passive latex agglutination method. Exposure to ROX, ROK or CLI reduced the amount of released SLTs compared with untreated control cultures (P<0.05). These agents however, did not decrease the number of viable EHEC, indicating the importance of bactericidal agents. When the bacteria was exposed to CDIN, FOS or LEVX, the level of SLTs in the culture supernatant increased with the destruction of bacterial cells in the order of CDIN, FOS, LEVX. When 0.5 mg/l of LEVX was added to cultures with or without pretreatment using ROX, ROK, or CLI, the release of SLTs was reduced by this pretreatment (P<0.05). These results may have clinical implications for the treatment of EHEC infection.
authors.affiliation: The Second Department of Internal Medicine, Oita Medical University, 1-1, Hasama, 879-5593, Oita, Japan.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Murakami
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kishi
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hirai
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hiramatsu
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamasaki
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nasu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001427:Bacterial Toxins / Q000378:metabolism*; D000077525:Cefdinir; D002511:Cephalosporins / Q000494:pharmacology; D002522:Chlorocebus aethiops; D002981:Clindamycin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D019453:Escherichia coli O157 / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism; D005578:Fosfomycin / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D007841:Latex Fixation Tests; D064704:Levofloxacin; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D015644:Miocamycin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D015242:Ofloxacin / Q000494:pharmacology; D015575:Roxithromycin / Q000494:pharmacology; D022622:Shiga Toxin 1; D022641:Shiga Toxin 2; D013997:Time Factors; D014709:Vero Cells
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D001427:Bacterial Toxins; D002511:Cephalosporins; D022622:Shiga Toxin 1; D022641:Shiga Toxin 2; D015575:Roxithromycin; D005578:Fosfomycin; D015644:Miocamycin; D002981:Clindamycin; D064704:Levofloxacin; D015242:Ofloxacin; D000077525:Cefdinir; C033383:rokitamycin