title: Effects of a high-fat-sucrose diet on enzymes in homocysteine metabolism in the rat.
abstract: Hyperhomocysteinemia (HH) and hyperinsulinemia are both risk factors for cardiovascular disease. To examine the effects of hyperinsulinemia on homocysteine metabolism, we fed rats a high-fat-sucrose (HFS) diet and then measured the hepatic mRNA and activity of 2 key enzymes involved in this metabolic pathway: 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) and cystathionine-beta-synthase (CbetaS). Fischer rats made insulin-resistant by a HFS diet were examined at 6 months and 2 years of age and compared with control rats fed a low-fat, complex-carbohydrate (LFCC) diet. At the end of 6 months, the HFS rats were heavier than the LFCC rats (214 +/- 3.4 v 188 +/- 1.4 g, P < .01). There were no differences in blood glucose between HFS and LFCC rats; however, plasma insulin and homocysteine concentrations were elevated in HFS rats (insulin, 56 +/- 12 v 14.5 +/- 2.9 microU/mL; homocysteine, 10.77 +/- 0.9 v 6.89 +/- 0.34 micromol/L, P < .01). Hepatic CbetaS enzyme activity was significantly lower in HFS compared with LFCC rats (0.45 v 0.64 U/mg, P = .0001), and this decrease was reflected in a decrease of the CbetaS mRNA concentration. In contrast, hepatic MTHFR enzyme activity and mRNA concentration were significantly elevated in the HFS group compared with controls (HFS and LFCC, 8.62 and 4.8 nmol/h/mg protein, respectively, P = .0001). These changes in plasma homocysteine, CbetaS, and MTHFR were significantly correlated with the degree of obesity and hyperinsulinemia. Fasting plasma insulin correlated significantly and positively with plasma homocysteine (r = .51, P < .01) and MTHFR activity (r = .48, P < .01) and negatively with CbetaS activity (r = -.54, P < .001). CbetaS and MTHFR activities were inversely correlated with each other (r = -.58, P < .001). In conclusion, rats fed a HFS diet are hyperinsulinemic, and the hyperinsulinemia is associated with an elevated homocysteine concentration and changes in 2 key enzymes in homocysteine metabolism.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System, USA.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Fonseca
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dicker-Brown
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ranganathan
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Barnard
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Fink
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Kern
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000818:Animals; D001835:Body Weight; D003541:Cystathionine beta-Synthase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D004032:Diet; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019422:Dietary Sucrose / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D006710:Homocysteine / Q000097:blood*; D006946:Hyperinsulinism / Q000097:blood / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000209:etiology; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D008099:Liver / Q000201:enzymology*; D042965:Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase (NADPH2); D000587:Oxidoreductases Acting on CH-NH Group Donors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D011916:Rats, Inbred F344; D012044:Regression Analysis
chemical_list: D004041:Dietary Fats; D019422:Dietary Sucrose; D007328:Insulin; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D006710:Homocysteine; D000587:Oxidoreductases Acting on CH-NH Group Donors; D042965:Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase (NADPH2); D003541:Cystathionine beta-Synthase