title: The Baumann procedure for fixed contracture of the gastrosoleus in cerebral palsy. Evaluation of function of the ankle after multilevel surgery.
abstract: We treated 22 children (28 limbs) with diplegic cerebral palsy who were able to walk by the Baumann procedure for correction of fixed contracture of the gastrosoleus as part of multilevel single-stage surgery to improve gait. The function of the ankle was assessed by clinical examination and gait analysis before and at two years (2.1 to 4.0) after operation. At follow-up the ankle showed an increase in dorsiflexion at initial contact, in single stance and in the swing phase. There was an increase in dorsiflexion at initial push-off without a decrease in the range of movement of the ankle, and a significant improvement in the maximum flexor moment in the ankle in the second half of single stance. There was also a change from abnormal generation of energy in mid-stance to the normal pattern of energy absorption. Positive work during push-off was significantly increased. Lengthening of the gastrocnemius fascia by the Baumann procedure improved the function of the ankle significantly, and did not result in weakening of the triceps surae. We discuss the anatomical and mechanical merits of the procedure.
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatric Orthopaedics, Karl Franzens University, Graz, Austria.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Saraph
authors.forename: E B
authors.initials: EB
authors.lastname: Zwick
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Uitz
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Linhart
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Steinwender
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000843:Ankle Joint / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D002370:Casts, Surgical; D002547:Cerebral Palsy / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000534:rehabilitation / Q000601:surgery*; D002648:Child; D004863:Equinus Deformity / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000534:rehabilitation / Q000601:surgery*; D005684:Gait / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D011184:Postoperative Period; D013997:Time Factors