title: The impact of uterine fibroid embolization on resumption of menses and ovarian function.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effect of uterine fibroid embolization (UFE) on menstruation and ovarian function.
  
  
  METHODS
  The authors performed an observational study of UFE for the treatment of symptomatic fibroids. All patients had regular predictable menses before intervention and none had clinical or laboratory findings of menopause. UFE was performed with use of standard methods with 355-700-microm-diameter polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) foam particles. The incidence of ovarian failure was calculated for women younger than 45 years and for those 45 years or older, based on retrospective stratification by age. The authors assessed statistical differences in ovarian failure between the two age groups with use of the X2 test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sixty-six premenopausal women (age range, 30-55 years) underwent bilateral UFE and were followed for an average of 21 weeks (range, 12-77 weeks). In 56 of 66 (85%) patients, regular menses resumed after an average of 3.5 (range, 1-8) weeks. In 10 of 66 (15%) patients, regular menses did not resume. Clinical and biochemical findings consistent with ovarian failure and presumed menopause were seen in nine of 10 patients without resumption of menses (14% of total patients). Ovarian failure occurred in nine of 21 (43%) women older than 45 years and in none of the 45 women younger than 45 years (P < .05). There were no differences in presenting symptoms, amount of PVA used, or fibroid size between patients who did and did not resume menses.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The majority of patients undergoing UFE will have resumption of menses, but the incidence of postprocedure ovarian failure is considerably higher than reported to date. Loss of menses induced by UFE is significantly more likely to occur in women older than 45 years.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Northwestern Memorial Hospital, Chicago, IL 60611, USA. hchrisman@nwu.edu
authors.forename: H B
authors.initials: HB
authors.lastname: Chrisman
authors.forename: M B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Saker
authors.forename: R K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Ryu
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Nemcek
authors.forename: M V
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Gerbie
authors.forename: M P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Milad
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: L E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Sewall
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Omary
authors.forename: R L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Vogelzang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000792:Angiography; D004621:Embolization, Therapeutic; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007269:Injections, Intra-Arterial; D007889:Leiomyoma / Q000098:blood supply / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000628:therapy*; D008597:Menstrual Cycle / Q000502:physiology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D010053:Ovary / Q000502:physiology*; D011142:Polyvinyl Alcohol / Q000008:administration & dosage; D020127:Recovery of Function / Q000502:physiology*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014594:Uterine Neoplasms / Q000098:blood supply / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000628:therapy*
chemical_list: D011142:Polyvinyl Alcohol