title: Urinary incontinence.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  One of the more prevalent conditions associated with aging is urinary incontinence (UI), which may affect up to 55% of women and 34% of men older than 65 years. As a result of increasing longevity in developed nations, the proportion of UI-susceptible individuals continues to grow, presenting clinical and economic challenges to healthcare providers.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To assist the clinician in making informed decisions regarding UI, provide information on the wider ramifications of the disease, and provide a comprehensive overview of the condition.
  
  
  METHODS
  MEDLINE (1966-December 1998) was searched for relevant publications using the following search terms: UI, UI in the elderly, treatment of UI, oxybutynin, flavoxate, vasopressin, quality of life in UI, and economic impact of UI.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Key articles relating to the etiology, diagnosis, classification, economic burden, quality of life, and treatment of UI were retrieved, and this information formed the basis of the review.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although UI can be controlled relatively well with existing therapies, only about 50% of affected patients may actually seek care. There are a variety of therapeutic options available for the treatment of UI, although pharmacologic intervention is presently a relatively minor component of overall care; this suggests that effective drug therapy might play a more significant role in the future. The economic burden associated with the care of the incontinent patient is substantial, and in the US the direct medical cost of the disease was estimated at $25.5 billion in 1995. The disease also has a large impact on the individual UI patient, negatively affecting many parameters normally associated with a tolerable health-related quality of life.
authors.affiliation: Internal Medicine and Geriatric Medicine Division, Hôtel-Dieu de Lévis, Québec, Canada. julie.couture@videotron.ca
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Couture
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Valiquette
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D017850:Economics, Pharmaceutical; D006801:Humans; D011788:Quality of Life; D014549:Urinary Incontinence / Q000145:classification / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy