title: Performance of three enzyme immunoassays and two direct fluorescence assays for detection of Giardia lamblia in stool specimens preserved in ECOFIX.
abstract: ECOFIX is a single-vial stool preservative that is both formalin- and mercury-free. We evaluated the abilities of three commercial Giardia lamblia-specific enzyme immunoassays (EIAs) (ProSpecT Giardia Microplate Assay [Alexon-Trend Inc.], Giardia Test [Techlab], and Premier Giardia lamblia [Meridian Diagnostics, Inc.]) and two commercial direct fluorescent-antibody (FA) assays for G. lamblia (Crypto/Giardia IF Test [Techlab] and Merifluor Cryptosporidium/Giardia [Meridian Diagnostics, Inc.]) to detect G. lamblia in 34 G. lamblia-positive and 44 G. lamblia-negative stool specimens (determined by traditional examination for ova and parasites) preserved in ECOFIX compared to their abilities to detect G. lamblia in the same specimens preserved in formalin as the "gold standard" for each assay. Of the 34 formalin-fixed positive specimens, the number detected by each assay was as follows:, Alexon EIA, 34; Meridian EIA, 27; Techlab EIA, 29; Meridian FA assay, 31; and Techlab FA assay, 28. Both FA tests and the Alexon EIA performed well with ECOFIX, but the other two EIAs detected fewer positive specimens (the difference was statistically significant with the Techlab EIA) when ECOFIX was the preservative. Use of G. lamblia cyst antigen from cultured organisms preserved in formalin and ECOFIX demonstrated that the Alexon EIA could detect smaller amounts of antigen in ECOFIX than the other two EIAs could and suggested that cyst antigen is more stable in formalin. We recommend that laboratories use an FA assay or the Alexon EIA if they plan to use ECOFIX as their stool preservative.
authors.affiliation: Microbiology Service, Clinical Pathology Department, Warren Grant Magnuson Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA. dfedorko@nih.gov
authors.forename: D P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Fedorko
authors.forename: E C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: N A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Nelson
authors.forename: L B
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: Calhoun
authors.forename: S S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Yan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005069:Evaluation Studies as Topic; D005243:Feces / Q000469:parasitology*; D005404:Fixatives; D019085:Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Direct; D005557:Formaldehyde; D016829:Giardia lamblia / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D005873:Giardiasis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000469:parasitology; D006801:Humans; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D011933:Reagent Kits, Diagnostic; D013048:Specimen Handling / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D005404:Fixatives; D011933:Reagent Kits, Diagnostic; D005557:Formaldehyde