title: [Examples of the use of music in clinical medicine].
abstract: Music has been an element in medical practice throughout history. There is growing interest in music as a therapeutic tool. Since there is no generally accepted standard for how, when and where music should be applied within a medical framework, this literature study endeavours to present an overview of central areas of application of music in medicine. It further attempts to find tentative conclusions that may be drawn from existing clinical research on the efficacy of music as a medical tool. Traditionally, music has been linked to the treatment of mental illness, and has been used successfully to treat anxiety and depression and improve function in schizophrenia and autism. In clinical medicine several studies have shown analgetic and anxiolytic properties that have been used in intensive care units, both in diagnostic procedures like gastroscopy and in larger operations, in preoperative as well as postoperative phases, reducing the need for medication in several studies. The combination of music with guided imagery and deep relaxation has shown reduction of symptoms and increased well-being in chronic pain syndromes, whether from cancer or rheumatic origin. Music has been used as support in pregnancy and gestation, in internal medicine, oncology, paediatrics and other related fields. The use of music with geriatric patients could prove to be especially fruitful, both in its receptive and its active aspect. Studies have shown that music can improve function and alleviate symptoms in stroke rehabilitation, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease and other forms of dementia. The role of music in medicine is primarily supportive and palliative. The supportive role of music has a natural field of application in palliative medicine and terminal care. Music is well tolerated, inexpensive, with good compliance and few side effects.
authors.affiliation: Seksjon for allmennmedisin, Universitetet i Oslo.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Myskja
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lindbaek
mesh_terms: D000698:Analgesia / Q000523:psychology; D003704:Dementia / Q000628:therapy; D005260:Female; D005852:Geriatric Psychiatry; D049671:History, 18th Century; D049672:History, 19th Century; D049673:History, 20th Century; D006801:Humans; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000628:therapy; D009147:Music Therapy / Q000266:history; D009422:Nervous System Diseases / Q000628:therapy; D010166:Palliative Care / Q000523:psychology; D011247:Pregnancy; D012063:Relaxation
vernacular_title: Eksempler på bruk av musikk i klinisk medisin.