A prospective, randomized controlled trial comparing the efficacy and safety of sotalol, amiodarone, and digoxin for the reversion of new-onset atrial fibrillation.
OBJECTIVE
A prospective, randomized controlled trial of new-onset atrial fibrillation was conducted to compare the efficacy and safety of sotalol and amiodarone (active treatment) with rate control by digoxin alone for successful reversion to sinus rhythm at 48 hours.


METHODS
We prospectively randomly assigned 120 patients with atrial fibrillation of less than 24 hours' duration to treatment with sotalol, amiodarone, or digoxin using a single intravenous dose followed by 48 hours of oral treatment. Patients had ECG monitoring for 48 hours, and time of reversion, adequacy of rate control, and numbers of adverse events were compared. After 48 hours, those still in atrial fibrillation underwent cardioversion according to a standardized protocol. After 48 hours of therapy and attempted cardioversion, the number of patients whose rhythms had successfully reverted were compared.


RESULTS
There was a significant reduction in the time to reversion with both sotalol (13. 0+/-2.5 hours, P <.01) and amiodarone (18.1+/-2.9 hours, P <.05) treatment compared with digoxin only (26.9+/-3.4 hours). By 48 hours, the active treatment group was significantly more likely to have reverted to sinus rhythm than the rate control group (95% versus 78%, P <.05; risk ratio 5.4, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.5 to 19.2 ). In those patients whose rhythms did not revert to sinus rhythm, there was superior ventricular rate control in the sotalol group at both 24 and 48 hours compared with those who received either amiodarone or digoxin. There were also fewer adverse events in the active treatment group compared with the rate control group.


CONCLUSIONS
Immediate pharmacologic therapy for new-onset atrial fibrillation with class III antiarrhythmic drugs (sotalol or amiodarone) improves complication-free 48-hour reversion rates compared with rate control with digoxin.
Joseph
A P
AP
Department of Emergency Medicine, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. tjoseph@med.usyd.edu.au
Ward
M R
MR
D000368:Aged; D000465:Algorithms; D000638:Amiodarone / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000889:Anti-Arrhythmia Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001281:Atrial Fibrillation / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D001282:Atrial Flutter / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D004077:Digoxin / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004554:Electric Countershock; D015716:Electrocardiography, Ambulatory / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013015:Sotalol / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*
D000889:Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; D004077:Digoxin; D013015:Sotalol; D000638:Amiodarone