title: [Where should the implantable ECG event recorder be placed?].
abstract: Aim of our study was the comparison of bipolar ECG quality (with a 4 cm lead distance) at different sites within the anterior thorax to find the preferable implantation site for an ECG event recorder (ECG-ER). In 70 patients a bipolar ECG with a short electrode distance and in the vertical position was registered at the following sites: left and right subclavicular, left and right parasternal (4th-5th ICR), left and right anterior axilla (4th-5th ICR), at the heart apex and subxiphoidal. Then it was compared to the standard lead II. In 34 patients, an additional comparison between vertical and horizontal ECG registration was performed at the above mentioned sites. During implantation of an ECG-ER in 5 patients, ECG signals were compared with electrodes placed towards the skin or towards the muscle. The best ECG quality (greatest QRS amplitude, visible P-wave and pacemaker spike, measurable QT period and bundle-branch block) and the best agreement with standard lead II was found in 67% left parasternal, significant less often (p < 0.001) right parasternal (14.3%), left subclavicular (7.1%), apical (5.7%), and subxiphoidal (4.3%). In a vertical electrode position a significantly higher QRS amplitude and a more often visible P wave was found in comparison to a horizontal electrode position. In all cases, there was good agreement between bipolar surface ECG at the implantation site and ECG-ER stored signals. When the ECG-ER is positioned with electrodes towards the muscle, significant noise-signal occurred in all 5 patients. Only in 3 patients was a P wave visible, but with a slightly greater QRS amplitude than in ECG-ERs positioned with electrodes towards the skin. From these results, it is recommended to implant ECG-ERs vertically with electrodes towards the skin and in the parasternal position.
authors.affiliation: II. Medizinische Klinik Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Mainz.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Himmrich
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zellerhoff
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Nebeling
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rosocha
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Przibille
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Nowak
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Liebrich
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016477:Artifacts; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D004562:Electrocardiography / Q000295:instrumentation*; D004567:Electrodes, Implanted; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019736:Prostheses and Implants; D011785:Quality Assurance, Health Care; D012815:Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000295:instrumentation; D013575:Syncope / Q000209:etiology
vernacular_title: An welcher Stelle soll ein implantierbarer EKG-Event-Recorder plaziert werden?