title: Coarse brown rice increases fecal and large bowel short-chain fatty acids and starch but lowers calcium in the large bowel of pigs.
abstract: Young male pigs were fed a diet formulated from human foods including either boiled white rice plus rice bran or heat-stabilized brown rice at equivalent levels of fiber for 3 wk. Stool and starch excretion were low in pigs fed white rice during the first 2 wk of the experiment. In pigs fed brown rice, their excretion was high during wk 1 but declined in wk 2 while short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) excretion was higher at both times. Large bowel digesta mass, measured during wk 3, was higher in pigs fed brown rice but only in the proximal colon. Large bowel and fecal starch concentrations were higher in pigs fed brown rice but the difference was insufficient to explain the increase in large bowel digesta mass. In pigs with a cecal cannula, digesta starch concentrations were equally higher when white or brown rice was fed compared with the corresponding rice which had been finely milled, indicating that particle size was a determinant of ileal digestibility. Concentrations and pools of total and individual SCFA were higher in all regions of the colon but not the cecum of pigs fed brown rice. Large bowel Ca(2+) concentrations were lower in pigs fed brown rice, suggesting greater absorption. The data confirm earlier findings that brown rice raises large bowel digesta mass and SCFA through greater fermentation of starch but show that starch itself makes a relatively small contribution to digesta and stool mass. Apparently, the rate of passage of digesta is a determinant of the concentrations and pools of SCFA in the distal colon and in feces.
authors.affiliation: CSIRO Health Sciences and Nutrition, Adelaide 5000, Australia.
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Bird
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hayakawa
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Marsono
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Gooden
authors.forename: I R
authors.initials: IR
authors.lastname: Record
authors.forename: R L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Correll
authors.forename: D L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Topping
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism*; D002432:Cecum / Q000378:metabolism; D004063:Digestion; D002149:Energy Intake; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000378:metabolism*; D005243:Feces / Q000737:chemistry*; D005285:Fermentation; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007420:Intestine, Large / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D012275:Oryza; D013213:Starch / Q000378:metabolism*; D013552:Swine / Q000378:metabolism*; D015430:Weight Gain
chemical_list: D005227:Fatty Acids; D013213:Starch; D002118:Calcium