title: Evolutionary relationships among 12 species belonging to three genera of the family Microhylidae in Papua New Guinea revealed by allozyme analysis.
abstract: To elucidate the potential of electrophoretic analysis for understanding relationships among microhylid frogs in Papua New Guinea, an allozyme analysis was conducted. A total of 119 individuals from nine species of Cophixalus, two species of Sphenophryne and one species of Barygenys, all of which belong to the family Microhylidae, were studied. Fourteen enzymes extracted from skeletal muscles and livers were analyzed by starch-gel electrophoresis. These enzymes were encoded by genes at 20 loci. There were 2-15 phenotypes produced by 2-12 alleles at these loci. The mean proportion of heterozygous loci per individual, mean proportion of polymorphic loci per population, and mean number of alleles per locus in 12 species were 6.1%, 17.1% and 1.17a on average, respectively. The NJ and ML trees constructed from Nei's genetic distances showed that the genus Sphenophryne can be distinguished biochemically from Cophixalus and Barygenys, and that the species groups of Cophixalus, which are similar in external morphology, can be divided biochemically into several species.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Amphibian Biology, Faculty of Science, Hiroshima University, 739-8526, Higashihiroshima, Japan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sumida
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Allison
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nishioka