title: Production and characterisation of monoclonal antibodies against a very small hapten, 3-methylindole.
abstract: Monoclonal antibodies were produced against a very small (131.2 Da) hapten, 3-methylindole. Nine derivatives of 3-methylindole were synthesised with spacers ending in a carboxyl group, and coupled to immunogenic carriers and europium chelate labels. Almost all the antigens elicited an antihapten response, but the majority of the mAbs produced strongly recognised the spacer group and did not bind free 3-methylindole. However, specific antibodies were obtained with five immunogens. Specificity could be directed against the pyrrole ring by locating the bridging group to the aromatic moiety of the indole ring system. Any modification in the position 3 of the indole ring strongly hindered mAb binding to the compound, and the cross-reactivity of physiologically important compounds, such as tryptophan and tryptamine, was negligible for all of the mAbs. The developed hapten structures successfully focused antibody recognition to the important sub-determinants in the indole ring system. Similar constructs could also be useful in the development of antibodies against other indolic compounds.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, University of Turku, Finland. mika.tuomola@utu.fi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tuomola
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Harpio
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mikola
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Knuuttila
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lindström
authors.forename: V M
authors.initials: VM
authors.lastname: Mukkala
authors.forename: M T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Matikainen
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Lövgren
mesh_terms: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D000918:Antibody Specificity; D003429:Cross Reactions; D005063:Europium; D015200:Fluoroimmunoassay / Q000379:methods*; D006241:Haptens / Q000276:immunology; D007811:Lanthanum; D008163:Luminescent Measurements; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012862:Skatole / Q000032:analysis* / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D006241:Haptens; D005063:Europium; D007811:Lanthanum; D012862:Skatole