title: Morphometry of the head of the caudate nucleus in patients with velocardiofacial syndrome (del 22q11.2).
abstract: Velocardiofacial syndrome (VCFS) is a chromosomal anomaly syndrome characterized by multiple congenital malformations, including cleft palate and cardiac anomalies. Many patients have attention-deficit (hyperactivity) disorders (AD[H]D) in childhood and schizophrenia in adulthood. We reviewed cranial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans with particular attention to the head of the caudate nucleus and found that in control subjects, the head of the caudate was larger on the left than on the right, whereas VCFS patients showed a reversed right > left pattern or no significant asymmetry. A similar right > left asymmetry or a lack of this asymmetry has been reported in patients with AD(H)D.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest a common pathophysiological mechanism of behavioural and cognitive problems in patients with AD(H)D and those with VCFS.
authors.affiliation: Division of Developmental Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA, USA.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sugama
authors.forename: P M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Bingham
authors.forename: P P
authors.initials: PP
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: E M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Moss
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Eto
mesh_terms: D000015:Abnormalities, Multiple / Q000235:genetics*; D000293:Adolescent; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000150:complications / Q000235:genetics*; D002421:Caudate Nucleus / Q000002:abnormalities*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002872:Chromosome Deletion; D002892:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 22 / Q000235:genetics*; D002972:Cleft Palate / Q000150:complications / Q000235:genetics*; D005145:Face / Q000002:abnormalities*; D005260:Female; D007839:Functional Laterality / Q000502:physiology; D006330:Heart Defects, Congenital / Q000150:complications / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000150:complications / Q000235:genetics; D013577:Syndrome