title: Rearrangement of chromatin domains during development in Xenopus.
abstract: A dynamic change in the organization of different gene domains transcribed by RNA polymerase I, II, or III occurs during the progression from quiescent [pre-midblastula transition (pre-MBT)] to active (post-MBT) embryos during Xenopus development. In the rDNA, c-myc, and somatic 5S gene domains, a transition from random to specific anchorage to the nuclear matrix occurs when chromatin domains become active. The keratin gene domain was also randomly associated to the nuclear matrix before MBT, whereas a defined attachment site was found in keratinocytes. In agreement with this specification, ligation-mediated (LM)-PCR genomic footprinting carried out on the subpopulation of 5S domains specifically attached to the matrix reveals the hallmarks of determined chromatin after the midblastula transition. In contrast, the same analysis performed on the total 5S gene population does not reveal specific chromatin organization, validating the use of nuclear matrix fractionation to unveil active chromatin domains. These data provide a means for the determination of active chromosomal territories in the embryo and emphasize the role of nuclear architecture in regulated gene expression during development.
authors.affiliation: Institut de G¿en¿etique Humaine, Genome Dynamics and Development, Centre National de Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), 34396 Montpellier Cedex 5, France.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Vassetzky
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hair
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Méchali
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002843:Chromatin / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D002875:Chromosomes / Q000378:metabolism; D004275:DNA, Ribosomal / Q000378:metabolism; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D015603:Keratinocytes / Q000378:metabolism; D008957:Models, Genetic; D015530:Nuclear Matrix / Q000378:metabolism; D009693:Nucleic Acid Hybridization; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D016271:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc / Q000378:metabolism; D012341:RNA, Ribosomal, 5S / Q000378:metabolism; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D014981:Xenopus / Q000196:embryology* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D002843:Chromatin; D004275:DNA, Ribosomal; D016271:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc; D012341:RNA, Ribosomal, 5S