title: Effect of tooth-bound fluoride on enamel demineralization/ remineralization in vitro.
abstract: The effect of tooth-bound fluoride (F) on enamel caries formation was investigated under the condition that loosely bound F was essentially absent. Eighteen thin enamel sections, prepared from the lingual or buccal surfaces of extracted human molars, were embedded in acrylic resin with the enamel surfaces exposed. The sections were placed in a pH 7 remineralizing solution (RS; 1.2 mmol/l Ca, 0.72 mmol/l P, 30 mmol/l KCl, 50 mmol/l HEPES) for 5 days, and were randomly divided into 3 groups: (1) control group that received no treatment, (2) acidulated phosphate fluoride (APF) group that received 5 cycles of a 4 min treatment with APF gel followed by immersion in the RS for 2 days (RS changed daily) and (3) dicalcium phosphate dihydrate (DCPD) - APF group that received 5 cycles of a 4-min pH 2.1 DCPD-forming solution followed by 4 min APF gel and then placed in the RS for 2 days. After the treatment cycles, the sections were washed in a constant composition F titration system to remove loosely bound F. An in vitro model, which consisted of cycles of de- (6 h) and remineralization (18 h) each day for 5 days, was used to produce caries-like lesions in the specimens. The DeltaZ (mineral loss) values, measured by quantitative microradiography, of the lesions formed in the three groups were (mean +/- standard deviation; n = 6) 91.2+/-12.3 microm for the control group, 41.3+/-10.1 microm for the APF group and 21.2+/-4.8 microm for the DCPD-APF group. The same system produced lesions in untreated shark enamel with a mean DeltaZ of 4.4+/-0.3 microm (n = 12). One-way fixed-effects ANOVA indicated that mineral loss was significantly different among the different groups (p<0.05). The results showed that enamel resistance to lesion formation increased with increasing tooth-bound F content. Shark enamel was much more resistant to demineralization than human enamel.
authors.affiliation: American Dental Association Health Foundation, Paffenbarger Research Center at National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA. shozo.takagi@nist.gov
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Takagi
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Liao
authors.forename: L C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Chow
mesh_terms: D000149:Acidulated Phosphate Fluoride / Q000494:pharmacology; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D001031:Apatites / Q000032:analysis; D002118:Calcium / Q000008:administration & dosage; D002130:Calcium Phosphates / Q000494:pharmacology; D002327:Cariostatic Agents / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D003731:Dental Caries / Q000378:metabolism; D003743:Dental Enamel / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D005459:Fluorides / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D005782:Gels; D006531:HEPES; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007101:Immersion; D008852:Microradiography; D008903:Minerals / Q000032:analysis; D010758:Phosphorus / Q000008:administration & dosage; D011189:Potassium Chloride / Q000008:administration & dosage; D012754:Sharks; D017186:Titrimetry; D017001:Tooth Demineralization / Q000378:metabolism*; D014089:Tooth Remineralization
chemical_list: D001031:Apatites; D002130:Calcium Phosphates; D002327:Cariostatic Agents; D005782:Gels; D008903:Minerals; C485828:alpha-tricalcium phosphate; C485830:tetracalcium phosphate; D010758:Phosphorus; D000149:Acidulated Phosphate Fluoride; D011189:Potassium Chloride; C485838:calcium phosphate, monobasic, anhydrous; C020243:calcium phosphate; C485829:calcium phosphate, dibasic, anhydrous; C025105:fluorapatite; D005459:Fluorides; D006531:HEPES; D002118:Calcium