title: Activation of extracellular-regulated kinase pathways in ovarian granulosa cells by the novel growth factor type 1 follicle-stimulating hormone receptor. Role in hormone signaling and cell proliferation.
abstract: Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) regulated growth and function of the ovarian follicle was previously thought to be mediated solely through activation of G(s)-coupled receptors. In this study, we show for the first time that this function is predominantly mediated through the alternatively spliced and novel growth factor type 1 receptor (oFSH-R3) that is also present in the ovary. Immortalized granulosa cells lacking endogenous FSH receptors, when transfected with either oFSH-R3 cDNA (JC-R3) or the G(s)-coupled oFSH-R1 (JC-R1), expressed the corresponding glycosylated receptor. In JC-R3 or JC-R1 cells labeled with bromodeoxyuridine or [(3)H]thymidine, FSH stimulated the cells to progress through S-phase and divide. The growth promoting effect of recombinant FSH in JC-R3 cells was preceded by the rapid activation of ERK1 and ERK2. This effect was hormone-specific and transient. In JC-R3 cells inhibitors like calphostin C, PD98059, Ag 18, or calcium chelators EGTA or 1,2-bis(O-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid/AM inhibited both mitogen-activated protein kinase activation and bromodeoxyuridine incorporation. FSH induced phosphorylation of the FSH-R3 receptor was blocked by pretreating cells with calphostin C. There was no cAMP induction by FSH in JC-R3 cells. The cAMP independent growth promoting effect of FSH is mediated by activation of Ca(2+) and mitogen-activated protein kinase-dependent pathways. Thus, alternative splicing of a G-protein coupled receptor creates the expression of a novel receptor motif that can mediate a widely recognized function of the glycoprotein hormone.
authors.affiliation: Molecular Reproduction Research Laboratory, Clinical Research Institute of Montreal, Montreal, Québec H2W 1R7, Canada.
authors.forename: P S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Babu
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Krishnamurthy
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Chedrese
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Sairam
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D002460:Cell Line; D006063:Chorionic Gonadotropin / Q000494:pharmacology; D005576:Colforsin / Q000494:pharmacology; D000242:Cyclic AMP / Q000378:metabolism; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006107:Granulosa Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007700:Kinetics; D007986:Luteinizing Hormone / Q000494:pharmacology; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1 / Q000378:metabolism*; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D011962:Receptors, FSH / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D011986:Receptors, Somatotropin / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D013552:Swine; D014162:Transfection
chemical_list: D006063:Chorionic Gonadotropin; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; C412742:FSH-R3 protein, Ovis aries; D011962:Receptors, FSH; D011986:Receptors, Somatotropin; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D005576:Colforsin; D007986:Luteinizing Hormone; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone; D000242:Cyclic AMP; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases