Late-onset heart failure as a mechanism for adverse long-term outcome in diabetic patients undergoing revascularization (a 13-year report from the Lady Davis Carmel Medical Center registry).
The adverse long-term prognosis following myocardial revascularization in diabetic patients has been ascribed to accelerated coronary disease, a higher incidence of late coronary restenosis after revascularization, and myocardial dysfunction. To examine the development of heart failure and its prognostic implications in diabetic patients, we analyzed the long-term (13-year) follow-up data of 363 patients-193 percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasties and 170 coronary artery bypass operations-revascularized in a single cardiovascular center from 1984 to 1986. Baseline characteristics (age, previous infarction, baseline ventricular function) were similar in the 80 diabetic and 283 nondiabetic patients; multivessel disease and hypertension were marginally more common in diabetics (p = NS). Cumulative incidence of hospitalization for heart failure was high in the diabetic cohort (25% vs 11%, p = 0.001), with a rapidly increasing incidence after 5 years. Survival after first hospitalization for heart failure was markedly reduced in diabetics (11 of 20 [55%] vs 25 of 31 [81%] at 3 years; p = 0.04), as was survival free of further hospitalization for heart failure (5 of 20 [25%] vs 20 of 30 [63%]; p <0.005). Long-term 13-year survival (43% vs 78%, p <0.0001) and survival free of heart failure (33% vs 71%, p <0.0001) were decreased in diabetics, especially those with reduced ventricular function at baseline (17% vs 42%, p = 0.07). Multivariate analysis showed diabetes to be the strongest independent predictor of decreased survival (odds ratio 3. 6, 95% confidence interval 2.0 to 6.2; p <0.0001) and survival free of heart failure (odds ratio 4.0, 95% confidence interval 2.2 to 7. 1; p <0.0001) in patients undergoing revascularization. In summary, late-onset heart failure was frequent in diabetic patients after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty or coronary artery bypass grafting, and once present heralded an unrelenting progressive downhill clinical course.
Halon
D A
DA
Cardiovascular Research Unit, Department of Cardiology, Lady Davis Carmel Medical Center, Haifa, Israel.
Merdler
A
A
Flugelman
M Y
MY
Rennert
H S
HS
Weisz
G
G
Shahla
J
J
Lewis
B S
BS
D015906:Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary; D001026:Coronary Artery Bypass; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000150:complications / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy*; D048909:Diabetes Complications; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000209:etiology*; D006760:Hospitalization / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D016019:Survival Analysis; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome