title: Effect of multiple-dose gatifloxacin or ciprofloxacin on glucose homeostasis and insulin production in patients with noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus maintained with diet and exercise.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the effects of gatifloxacin and ciprofloxacin on glucose homeostasis, including glucose tolerance test (GTT), pancreatic beta-cell function, and insulin production and secretion in patients with noninsulin-dependent (type 2) diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) maintained with diet and exercise; and to evaluate the pharmacokinetics, safety, and tolerability of gatifloxacin.
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multiple-dose study.
  
  
  METHODS
  GFI Pharmaceutical Services, Inc., Evansville, Indiana; Chicago Center for Clinical Research, Chicago, Illinois; and New Orleans Center for Clinical Research, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-eight men and women with NIDDM.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients were assigned sequentially at enrollment to receive gatifloxacin 400 mg/day orally, ciprofloxacin 500 mg twice/day orally, or placebo for 10 days. Oral GTTs were performed on specific days throughout the study, as well as measurements of serum glucose, serum insulin, and C-peptide levels. Physical examinations, electrocardiograms, spirometry, and clinical laboratory tests were performed before dosing and on selected dosing days.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Gatifloxacin had no significant effect on glucose tolerance and pancreatic beta-cell function, as shown by oral GTT results and insulin and C-peptide levels. Fasting glucose levels 0-6 hours after gatifloxacin administration on days 1 and 10 showed a downward trend, but it was not significant compared with placebo; results were similar with ciprofloxacin. Gatifloxacin also lacked a long-term effect on fasting insulin levels, but this was not shown for a short-term effect, suggesting a modest, transient effect on insulin release. On the other hand, ciprofloxacin had no short-term effect but produced a more sustained effect on insulin release and production. The pharmacokinetics of gatifloxacin in patients with NIDDM were similar to those in healthy subjects. Overall, subjects tolerated treatment well. All reported drug-related adverse events were mild to moderate in intensity. The frequency of adverse events was similar in gatifloxacin- and ciprofloxacin-treated patients, and only slightly higher than in placebo-treated patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Gatifloxacin was well tolerated in patients with NIDDM controlled by diet and exercise. It had no significant effect on glucose homeostasis, beta-cell function, or long-term fasting serum glucose levels, but it did cause a brief increase in serum insulin levels.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Pharmacology/Experimental Medicine, Bristol-Myers Squibb Pharmaceutical Research Institutes, Princeton, New Jersey, USA.
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Gajjar
authors.forename: F P
authors.initials: FP
authors.lastname: LaCreta
authors.forename: G D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Kollia
authors.forename: R R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Stolz
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Berger
authors.forename: W B
authors.initials: WB
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Swingle
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Grasela
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D002939:Ciprofloxacin / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000178:diet therapy / Q000628:therapy*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D015444:Exercise; D005260:Female; D024841:Fluoroquinolones; D000077734:Gatifloxacin; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000097:blood; D007515:Islets of Langerhans / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D001786:Blood Glucose; D024841:Fluoroquinolones; D007328:Insulin; D002939:Ciprofloxacin; D000077734:Gatifloxacin