title: Normal blood pressure and preserved diurnal variation in offspring of type 2 diabetic patients characterized by features of the metabolic syndrome: the Fredericia Study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine whether an elevated blood pressure (BP) level and an impaired reduction in nocturnal BP are already present in nondiabetic first-degree relatives of type 2 diabetic patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  We examined 253 offspring of type 2 diabetic patients using ambulatory BP monitoring and compared the BP level and profile with 275 offspring of nondiabetic subjects. Anthropometric measures and cholesterol, fasting blood glucose, and insulin levels were also compared between groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No significant differences in BP level (P > 0.05) or diurnal BP profile were evident between the nondiabetic glucose-tolerant offspring of type 2 diabetic subjects and the offspring of nondiabetic subjects. BMI (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01, male vs. female), waist-to-hip ratio (P < 0.05), fasting blood glucose (P < 0.01), C-peptide (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01, male vs. female), insulin resistance index (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01, male vs. female), triglycerides (P < 0.05), apolipoprotein B (apoB) (P < 0.01 and P < 0.05, male vs. female), and apoA1/apoB (P < 0.01) were significantly higher in the nondiabetic offspring of type 2 diabetic subjects than in the offspring of nondiabetic subjects.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study shows a preserved diurnal BP profile and a normal BP level in the nondiabetic glucose-tolerant offspring of type 2 diabetic subjects compared with the offspring of nondiabetic subjects, although the offspring of diabetic patients are characterized by features of the metabolic syndrome.
authors.affiliation: Medical Department, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Aarhus Kommunehospital, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark. chf@dadlnet.dk
authors.forename: C H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Foss
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Vestbo
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Frøland
authors.forename: H J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Gjessing
authors.forename: C E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Mogensen
authors.forename: E M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Damsgaard
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D001794:Blood Pressure; D002096:C-Peptide / Q000097:blood; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D002940:Circadian Rhythm; D003718:Denmark / Q000453:epidemiology; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics*; D015716:Electrocardiography, Ambulatory; D005260:Female; D018149:Glucose Intolerance / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009679:Nuclear Family; D015995:Prevalence; D012016:Reference Values; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D002096:C-Peptide; D002784:Cholesterol