title: Quantification of gadodiamide as Gd in serum, peritoneal dialysate and faeces by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy and comparative analysis by high-performance liquid chromatography.
abstract: An inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES) method for determination of gadodiamide as Gd in serum, peritoneal dialysate and faeces was developed. The within-day and between-day precision for determination of Gd in serum and peritoneal dialysate were 0.60-2.9 and 1.8-4.4%, respectively, and the accuracy was 98.0-99.3%. The quantification limits in serum and peritoneal dialysate were 6.5 and 1.6 microM Gd, respectively. The within-day and between-day precision determination of gadolinium in faeces were 1.0-5.3 and 2.2-7.9%, respectively, and the accuracy was 104-116%. The quantification limit was 11 nmol Gd/g dry weight. For the high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method, the within-day precision in determination of gadodiamide in peritoneal dialysate was 1.2% and the accuracy was 103%. The quantification limit was 0.9 microM Gd. Comparative analysis of gadodiamide in serum and peritoneal dialysate from severely impaired renal patients by ICP-AES and HPLC revealed no metabolism of chelator or transmetallation of gadolinium, even in samples obtained as long as 7 days after dosing. Furthermore, the ICP-AES determination of Gd in faeces allows for the determination of faeces content of Gd corresponding to less than 0.1% of a clinical dosage of a Gd-based contrast medium.
authors.affiliation: Nycomed Imaging AS, Research and Development, Oslo, Norway.
authors.lastname: Normann PT-
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Joffe
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Martinsen
authors.forename: H S
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Thomsen
mesh_terms: D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000032:analysis*; D015314:Dialysis Solutions / Q000032:analysis; D005243:Feces / Q000737:chemistry*; D005682:Gadolinium / Q000032:analysis* / Q000097:blood; D019786:Gadolinium DTPA / Q000032:analysis* / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D010530:Peritoneal Dialysis; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013054:Spectrophotometry, Atomic
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D015314:Dialysis Solutions; C064925:gadodiamide; D005682:Gadolinium; D019786:Gadolinium DTPA