title: Antimetastatic intraoperative chemotherapy of human colon tumors in the livers of nude mice.
abstract: We have developed a new antimetastatic chemotherapeutic strategy for combination with hepatic resection of human colon cancers in a high-metastasis nude mouse model. The new procedure involves i.p. administration of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) 2 h before hepatic resection of the human colon tumors, with therapy continued postoperatively for 4 consecutive days. We termed this strategy neo-neoadjuvant chemotherapy. The regime significantly prolonged animal survival compared with preoperative 5-FU neoadjuvant therapy, 5-FU postoperative adjuvant therapy, surgery alone, 5-FU without surgery, or the untreated control. The median survival of neo-neoadjuvant i.p. 5-FU-treated group was 81 days, compared with 27 days for the control group (P < 0.009). The median survival of animals in the neoadjuvant group was 37 days (P < 0.021 compared with the control group). There was also a significant difference between the median survival of neo-neoadjuvant, and the neoadjuvant group (P < 0.031). When all animals in the control group had died, 70% of animals with neo-neoadjuvant and 60% of animals with neoadjuvant 5-FU were still alive (P < 0.003 and P < 0.011, respectively). When all animals with neoadjuvant 5-FU treatment had died, 70% of animals with neo-neoadjuvant treatment were still alive (P < 0.003). Survival of all other treatment groups, including 5-FU without surgery, surgery alone, and adjuvant postoperative chemotherapy, was not significantly different from the untreated control group. Two animals in the neo-neoadjuvant group were free of tumors when sacrificed at days 154 and 165 post surgery. Whereas 100% of animals in the control, 90% in the 5-FU alone, 70% in the surgery alone, 60% in the 5-FU adjuvant, and 40% in the neoadjuvant groups had metastases in the lymph nodes draining the liver, only 10% of animals in the neo-neoadjuvant group had metastases. These data suggest that the neo-neoadjuvant therapy increased survival by preventing metastasis of cancer cells not removed in the liver resection procedure. The results of this study indicate that the neo-neoadjuvant treatment strategy for resection of colon cancer liver metastasis should be explored clinically.
authors.affiliation: AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, California 92111, USA.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Rashidi
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: An
authors.forename: F X
authors.initials: FX
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Moossa
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Hoffman
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000964:Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic / Q000494:pharmacology; D017024:Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; D003110:Colonic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D005472:Fluorouracil / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism*; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008819:Mice, Nude; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D009368:Neoplasm Transplantation; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D000964:Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic; D005472:Fluorouracil