title: Dietary variables and glucose tolerance in pregnancy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate relationships between dietary macronutrient intakes and glucose tolerance in pregnancy
  
  
  METHODS
  Nulliparous pregnant Chinese women diagnosed with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) (n = 56) were compared to age-, gestational age-, height-, and parity-matched groups with normal glucose tolerance (n = 77) and glucose intolerance (IGT) (n = 38) based on the results of an oral glucose tolerance test (National Diabetes Data Group criteria), performed between 24 and 28 weeks of pregnancy. A 24-h recall dietary assessment was also obtained at the time of screening.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Subjects with IGT and GDM were significantly heavier (66.1 +/- 1.4 and 68.6 +/- 1.2 kg, respectively, mean +/- SEM) (P < 0.0001) than the normal group (61.2 +/- 1.8 kg) and had a higher BMI. Overall energy intake was similar between groups, as were the intakes of each macronutrient (%kcal). However, there was a highly significant reduction in polyunsaturated fat intake in the IGT and GDM groups whether expressed as %kcal, % of total fat, or fat kcal. This effect was independent of body weight or BMI whether assessed by ordinal logistic regression or by analysis of a weight- and BMI-matched subgroup of the subjects (P = 0.002 for %kcal; n = 47 normal, 26 IGT, and 43 GDM subjects). In logistic regression analysis of the complete data set, increased body weight (P < 0.0001) and decreased polyunsaturated fat intake (P = 0.0014) were both independent predictors of glucose intolerance (IGT and GDM), as were increased body weight and a low dietary polyunsaturated to saturated fat ratio.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Increased polyunsaturated fat intake is associated with a reduced incidence of glucose intolerance during pregnancy. This finding may have major implications for dietary management of women with or at risk of developing GDM.
authors.affiliation: Metabolic Research Center, University of Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: L H
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Storlien
authors.forename: A B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Jenkins
authors.forename: L C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Tapsell
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Pan
authors.forename: Y F
authors.initials: YF
authors.lastname: Shao
authors.forename: G D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Calvert
authors.forename: R G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Moses
authors.forename: H L
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.forename: X X
authors.initials: XX
authors.lastname: Zhu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D044466:Asian People; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D015992:Body Mass Index; D001835:Body Weight; D002681:China; D016640:Diabetes, Gestational / Q000097:blood*; D004032:Diet; D004041:Dietary Fats; D002149:Energy Intake; D005260:Female; D018149:Glucose Intolerance / Q000097:blood*; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D006801:Humans; D011247:Pregnancy / Q000097:blood*; D011262:Pregnancy Trimester, Second; D012016:Reference Values; D012044:Regression Analysis
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D004041:Dietary Fats