title: New approaches to the uses of beta blocking drugs in hypertension.
abstract: After a slow start, beta-blockers have become widely used as first-line agents in the treatment of hypertension, and recommended as such in recently published guidelines. There is evidence that the beta1-selective agents are more efficacious than non-selective blockers that inhibit both beta1 and beta2 receptors. Notwithstanding some earlier evidence to the contrary, it appears that beta1-selective drugs are equi-effective in young and elderly whites, younger, ie, under mid 60s, blacks. It is with the combination of age and being black that beta-blockers are usually less useful than some other groups of antihypertensive drugs, most notably calcium antagonists and diuretics. Primary prevention studies indicate beta-blockers reduce the incidence of cerebro-vascular disease and coronary heart disease in younger patients but they appear less effective than diuretics in the elderly. Beta-blockers are particularly indicated in patients who have experienced a myocardial infarction where they are often under used. There is some evidence that even in post-infarction patients with co-existent chronic obstructive airways disease, usually regarded as a contra-indication, experience an improved 2-year survival with the use of beta-blockers. Recently they have also been demonstrated to improve prognosis in heart failure patients, previously regarded as a contra-indication. Likewise, recent studies have shown that atenolol was at least as effective as captopril in improving the outlook in hypertensive patients with non-insulin dependent diabetes. While earlier comparisons with the non-selective lipid soluble propranolol indicated otherwise, comparisons with beta1-selective agents have indicated a similar effect on quality of life assessments with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, University College, London, UK.
authors.forename: B N
authors.initials: BN
authors.lastname: Prichard
authors.forename: B R
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Graham
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Cruickshank
mesh_terms: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D015994:Incidence; D011788:Quality of Life; D020521:Stroke / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D015996:Survival Rate; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists