title: Paradoxical embolism-report of a case involving four organ systems.
abstract: Paradoxical embolism through a patent foramen ovale (PFO) can involve multiple organs simultaneously. The most commonly involved sites are the cerebrum and the extremities. Paradoxical embolism to coronary arteries or upper extremities is relatively uncommon. We report a case of acute pulmonary embolism and paradoxical embolism through a patent foramen ovale involving the left upper extremity, brain, and coronary artery. Early diagnosis in the emergency department was made by a trans-esophageal echocardiogram, and the patient was successfully treated with intravenous t-PA and heparin. Patients with acute pulmonary embolism or deep venous thrombosis who also develop signs of systemic embolism should be evaluated for a patent foramen ovale.
authors.affiliation: Easton Hospital, PA 18042, USA.
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Islam
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Khalighi
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Goldstein
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Raso
mesh_terms: D001366:Axillary Artery; D002544:Cerebral Infarction / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology*; D003328:Coronary Thrombosis / Q000150:complications*; D017548:Echocardiography, Transesophageal; D019320:Embolism, Paradoxical / Q000150:complications*; D004630:Emergencies; D005260:Female; D006344:Heart Septal Defects, Atrial / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D011655:Pulmonary Embolism / Q000150:complications*; D013927:Thrombosis / Q000150:complications*