title: Treatment monitoring and prevalence of drug resistance in tuberculosis patients in Tehran.
abstract: METHODS
  Health care clinics and private practitioners in Tehran.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To analyse rates of drug resistance and response to treatment in tuberculosis patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective study of 257 patients undergoing treatment for whom data were collected on drug susceptibility testing and outcome as well as age, sex and history of treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 774 initially diagnosed patients, 380 were female and 394 were male; 520 (67%) of the cases had pulmonary disease. The overall rate of primary drug resistance among Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates resistant to at least one drug was 87/563 (15.5%). Twenty-three patients were multidrug-resistant. Among 215 patients with drug-susceptible cultures recruited for follow-up, rapid response to short-course chemotherapy was observed in 190 (88%) who were successively both smear and culture negative after 2 and 4 months of treatment. After 6 months of treatment, 12 of the 25 patients with slow response to treatment had positive cultures; one was smear-positive. Of the 42 patients with drug-resistant isolates, satisfactory bacteriological response was observed after 6 months of treatment in 30 (71%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These observations support regional recommendations for short-course treatment regimens. Culture rather than smear result could be a key parameter for individually guiding the duration of treatment in patients with poor response to treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Mycobacteriology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran. bakayev@institute.pasteur.ac.ir
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Bahrmand
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Velayati
authors.forename: V V
authors.initials: VV
authors.lastname: Bakayev
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000995:Antitubercular Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007492:Iran; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009169:Mycobacterium tuberculosis / Q000187:drug effects; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014376:Tuberculosis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D018088:Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant / Q000453:epidemiology*; D014397:Tuberculosis, Pulmonary / Q000188:drug therapy
chemical_list: D000995:Antitubercular Agents