title: Corticosteroid injections in polymyalgia rheumatica: a double-blind, prospective, randomized, placebo controlled study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the efficacy and safety of shoulder corticosteroid injections in polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR).
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty consecutive patients with active PMR were randomized into a 7 month, double blind, placebo controlled study. Patients received either bilateral shoulder injections of 40 mg of 6-methylprednisolone acetate or placebo (1 ml saline solution). Responders were treated weekly with the same regimen for a total of 4 bilateral injections and then followed for 6 months. Response was defined as a 70% reduction in visual analog scale (VAS) score for pain and for patient and physician global assessment, and duration of morning stiffness. Bilateral shoulder magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed at different times to evaluate the response of lesions to therapy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All 10 corticosteroid treated patients responded to the first injection with a significant reduction in duration of morning stiffness, VAS pain scale, patient and physician global assessment, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and C-reactive protein. Interleukin 6 serum levels were significantly reduced after the 2nd injection. In 5 patients, the response persisted throughout the followup period. The other 5 withdrew within 4 weeks after the 4th injection due to recurrence of symptoms. None of the 10 patients of the placebo group responded to the first injection. The difference between the 2 groups was significant (p = 0.03). No side effects were recorded. MRI showed marked improvement of shoulder lesions one week after first injection and an almost complete resolution one week after last injection in the responders.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Shoulder corticosteroid injections seem to be an effective and safe therapy for PMR.
authors.affiliation: Divisione di Reumatologia, Arcispedale S. Maria Nuova, Reggio Emilia, Italy. salvarani.carlo@asmn.re.it
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Salvarani
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Cantini
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Olivieri
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Barozzi
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Macchioni
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Boiardi
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Niccoli
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Padula
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Pulsatelli
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Meliconi
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002062:Bursitis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008775:Methylprednisolone / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D000077555:Methylprednisolone Acetate; D010919:Placebos; D011111:Polymyalgia Rheumatica / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012785:Shoulder Joint; D013585:Synovitis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy; D052256:Tendinopathy / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D010919:Placebos; D000077555:Methylprednisolone Acetate; D008775:Methylprednisolone