title: The effect of celecoxib, a cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor, in familial adenomatous polyposis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Patients with familial adenomatous polyposis have a nearly 100 percent risk of colorectal cancer. In this disease, the chemopreventive effects of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs may be related to their inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2.
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied the effect of celecoxib, a selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor, on colorectal polyps in patients with familial adenomatous polyposis. In a double-blind, placebo-controlled study, we randomly assigned 77 patients to treatment with celecoxib (100 or 400 mg twice daily) or placebo for six months. Patients underwent endoscopy at the beginning and end of the study. We determined the number and size of polyps from photographs and videotapes; the response to treatment was expressed as the mean percent change from base line.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At base line, the mean (+/-SD) number of polyps in focal areas where polyps were counted was 15.5+/-13.4 in the 15 patients assigned to placebo, 11.5+/-8.5 in the 32 patients assigned to 100 mg of celecoxib twice a day, and 12.3+/-8.2 in the 30 patients assigned to 400 mg of celecoxib twice a day (P=0.66 for the comparison among groups). After six months, the patients receiving 400 mg of celecoxib twice a day had a 28.0 percent reduction in the mean number of colorectal polyps (P=0.003 for the comparison with placebo) and a 30.7 percent reduction in the polyp burden (the sum of polyp diameters) (P=0.001), as compared with reductions of 4.5 and 4.9 percent, respectively, in the placebo group. The improvement in the extent of colorectal polyposis in the group receiving 400 mg twice a day was confirmed by a panel of endoscopists who reviewed the videotapes. The reductions in the group receiving 100 mg of celecoxib twice a day were 11.9 percent (P=0.33 for the comparison with placebo) and 14.6 percent (P=0.09), respectively. The incidence of adverse events was similar among the groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In patients with familial adenomatous polyposis, six months of twice-daily treatment with 400 mg of celecoxib, a cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor, leads to a significant reduction in the number of colorectal polyps.
authors.affiliation: University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston 77030, USA. gsteinb@aol.com
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Steinbach
authors.forename: P M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Lynch
authors.forename: R K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Phillips
authors.forename: M H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Wallace
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Hawk
authors.forename: G B
authors.initials: GB
authors.lastname: Gordon
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Wakabayashi
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Saunders
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fujimura
authors.forename: L K
authors.initials: LK
authors.lastname: Su
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Levin
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Godio
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Patterson
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Rodriguez-Bigas
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Jester
authors.forename: K L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: King
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schumacher
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Abbruzzese
authors.forename: R N
authors.initials: RN
authors.lastname: DuBois
authors.forename: W N
authors.initials: WN
authors.lastname: Hittelman
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zimmerman
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Sherman
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kelloff
mesh_terms: D011125:Adenomatous Polyposis Coli / Q000188:drug therapy*; D000328:Adult; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000068579:Celecoxib; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D052246:Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011720:Pyrazoles; D013449:Sulfonamides / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D052246:Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors; D007527:Isoenzymes; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D011720:Pyrazoles; D013449:Sulfonamides; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; C496540:PTGS2 protein, human; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases; D000068579:Celecoxib