title: Comparison of preferences for health outcomes in schizophrenia among stakeholder groups.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  To determine the effectiveness of psychiatric interventions for use in cost-effectiveness analysis, we assessed the feasibility of using a multimedia computer survey to study preferences (utilities) for health outcomes among persons with schizophrenia, family members of persons with schizophrenia, health professionals, and the public.
  
  
  METHODS
  We developed videos depicting two patterns of mental health impairment in schizophrenia, both with and without pseudo-parkinsonism side-effects. These descriptions were integrated into a computer program that measured preferences using two psychometric methods: (1) standard gamble and (2) a visual analog scale. This program was used to compare preferences among potential stakeholder groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  20 persons with schizophrenia, 11 family members, 20 healthy volunteers and 14 health professionals participated in the computerized interview. All but one subject completed the survey. The correlation among ratings of various states was high (r=0.7-0.95) and ratings were internally consistent in 89% of participants. There were significant differences in values between groups for health states (p=0.024) and in values for the effects of pseudo-parkinsonism on quality of life (p<0.001). Persons with schizophrenia valued the disease states more highly and placed more significance than did other groups on the effects of pseudo-parkinsonism on quality of life.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Computer-based multimedia techniques can offer a feasible and valid approach to measure preferences for outcomes in schizophrenia. The study found significant differences in preferences among stakeholder groups for schizophrenia outcomes. Further work is needed to clarify how these differences affect clinical decision-making and policies for health resource allocation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Healthcare System, USA.
authors.forename: T T
authors.initials: TT
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: J K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Ziegler
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sommi
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sugar
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mahmoud
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Lenert
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001294:Attitude to Health; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020734:Parkinsonian Disorders / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000523:psychology*; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011788:Quality of Life; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000191:economics*; D012565:Schizophrenic Psychology; D014481:United States