title: Expression of phosphodiesterase 4D (PDE4D) is regulated by both the cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase and mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathways. A potential mechanism allowing for the coordinated regulation of PDE4D activity and expression in cells.
abstract: Multiple families of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases (PDE) have been described, and the regulated expression of these genes in cells is complex. Although cAMP is known to control the expression of certain PDE in cells, presumably reflecting a system of feedback on cAMP signaling, relatively little is known about the influence of non-cAMP signaling systems on PDE expression. In this study, we describe a novel mechanism by which activators of the protein kinase C (PKC)-Raf-MEK-ERK cascade regulate phosphodiesterase 4D (PDE4D) expression in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) and assess the functional consequences of this effect. Whereas a prolonged elevation of cAMP in VSMC resulted in a protein kinase A (PKA)-dependent induction of expression of two PDE4D variants (PDE4D1 and PDE4D2), simultaneous activation of both the cAMP-PKA and PKC-Raf-MEK-ERK signaling cascades blunted this cAMP-mediated increase in PDE4D expression. By using biochemical, molecular biological, and pharmacological approaches, we demonstrate that this PDE4D-selective effect of activators of the PKC-Raf-MEK-ERK cascade was mediated through a mechanism involving altered PDE4D mRNA stability and markedly attenuated the cAMP-mediated desensitization that results from prolonged activation of the cAMP signaling system in cells. The data are presented in the context of activators of the PKC-Raf-MEK-ERK cascade having both short and long term effects on PDE4D activity and expression in cells that may influence cAMP signaling.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Anatomy & Cell Biology, and Pathology, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Palmer
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Jimmo
authors.forename: D G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Tilley
authors.forename: H A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Dunkerley
authors.forename: S C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Pang
authors.forename: D H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Maurice
mesh_terms: D015105:3',5'-Cyclic-AMP Phosphodiesterases / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D015124:8-Bromo Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate / Q000494:pharmacology; D000804:Angiotensin II / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D005576:Colforsin / Q000494:pharmacology; D000242:Cyclic AMP / Q000378:metabolism; D017868:Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases / Q000502:physiology*; D054703:Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 4; D003513:Cycloheximide / Q000494:pharmacology; D003609:Dactinomycin / Q000494:pharmacology; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D007546:Isoquinolines / Q000494:pharmacology; D020929:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000502:physiology*; D009131:Muscle, Smooth, Vascular / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology; D011493:Protein Kinase C / Q000378:metabolism*; D011500:Protein Synthesis Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D019908:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-raf / Q000378:metabolism*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013449:Sulfonamides; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D007546:Isoquinolines; D011500:Protein Synthesis Inhibitors; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D013449:Sulfonamides; D000804:Angiotensin II; D003609:Dactinomycin; D005576:Colforsin; D015124:8-Bromo Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate; D003513:Cycloheximide; D000242:Cyclic AMP; D019908:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-raf; D017868:Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases; D011493:Protein Kinase C; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D020929:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases; D015105:3',5'-Cyclic-AMP Phosphodiesterases; D054703:Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 4; C063509:N-(2-(4-bromocinnamylamino)ethyl)-5-isoquinolinesulfonamide; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate