title: Reduction of interleukin-17-induced inhibition of chondrocyte proteoglycan synthesis in intact murine articular cartilage by interleukin-4.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the role of interleukin-4 (IL-4) and IL-10 in basal and IL-1- and IL-17-mediated inhibition of chondrocyte metabolism.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cartilage explants of patellae from naive mice were incubated with IL-17 and/or IL-1 alone or were pretreated with IL-4 and IL-10. In addition, knee joints of naive mice were injected intraarticularly with IL-4 and IL-10 alone or were coinjected with IL-1. Chondrocyte proteoglycan (PG) synthesis was measured in intact murine articular cartilage. Levels of nitric oxide (NO) were measured using the Griess reagent.
  
  
  RESULTS
  IL-17, a novel cytokine secreted by CD4+ activated memory T cells, inhibited chondrocyte PG synthesis in intact murine articular cartilage, although the suppressive effect was less potent than that of IL-1. The suppressive effect of IL-17 was completely abolished in the presence of L-NIO (L-NS-[1-iminoethyl]ornithine), an inhibitor of NO metabolism, and IL-17 only slightly induced inhibition of PG synthesis in cartilage explants of patellae from iNOS (inducible NO synthase) knockout mice. This indicates that the suppressive effect of IL-17 was mediated by NO. Pretreatment with IL-4, but not IL-10, significantly reduced the inhibition of chondrocyte PG synthesis induced by IL-1 or IL-17. The IL-4-induced reduction in the inhibitory effects of IL-1 and IL-17 on chondrocyte PG synthesis was accompanied by decreased NO formation in the culture supernatants.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  IL-17 plays a role in the inhibition of chondrocyte PG synthesis. IL-4 and IL-10 have no effect on basal chondrocyte metabolism. However, IL-4-pretreated cartilage is less sensitive to the suppressive effect of IL-1 as well as IL-17. This suggests that IL-4 is protective in T cell-driven cartilage disturbances, probably through reduction of iNOS.
authors.affiliation: Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lubberts
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Joosten
authors.forename: F A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: van de Loo
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: van den Gersselaar
authors.forename: W B
authors.initials: WB
authors.lastname: van den Berg
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002358:Cartilage, Articular / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism*; D019902:Chondrocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D046508:Culture Techniques; D005260:Female; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000494:pharmacology; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000494:pharmacology; D020381:Interleukin-17 / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000502:physiology; D010329:Patella; D011509:Proteoglycans / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000096:biosynthesis
chemical_list: D007375:Interleukin-1; D020381:Interleukin-17; D011509:Proteoglycans; D016753:Interleukin-10; D015847:Interleukin-4; D009569:Nitric Oxide