title: The frequency of point mutations in mitochondrial DNA is elevated in the Alzheimer's brain.
abstract: Using a PCR-based strategy, we found that point mutation frequencies in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) were 2- to 3-fold higher in the parietal gyrus, hippocampus, and cerebellum from subjects with Alzheimer's disease (AD) compared to normal controls. In contrast, levels of a commonly studied deletion mutation, mtDNA(4977), were not elevated in AD. The frequency of point mutations did not vary significantly among the three brain areas, whereas the frequency of mtDNA(4977) was 15- to 25-fold lower in the cerebellum in comparison to the cortex; this regional variation was seen in both the normal and Alzheimer's brain. In blood mtDNA, point mutation frequencies were not elevated in AD patients. The elevated frequency of point mutations in all three brain regions is consistent with the idea that increased oxidant stress is associated with AD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Pathology, St. Louis University Health Sciences Center, 1402 South Grand Boulevard, St. Louis, Missouri 63104, USA.
authors.forename: S W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: H D
authors.initials: HD
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.forename: H P
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: Zassenhaus
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology*; D001483:Base Sequence; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D004252:DNA Mutational Analysis; D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics*; D015252:Deoxyribonucleases, Type II Site-Specific / Q000378:metabolism; D005787:Gene Frequency / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008875:Middle Aged; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D017354:Point Mutation / Q000235:genetics*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic / Q000235:genetics; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D017384:Sequence Deletion / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial; D015252:Deoxyribonucleases, Type II Site-Specific; C038308:GGWCC-specific type II deoxyribonucleases