title: Deliberate emotional expressions of socially anxious children and their mothers.
abstract: The aim of the present study was to investigate whether socially anxious children show deficits in their deliberate facial expression of emotions. To test for potential mother-child transmission effects, the mothers' facial expressions were also assessed. Fifty socially anxious and 25 socially nonanxious children (8-12 years) and their mothers participated in a facial expression posing task. The expressions produced were coded using Ekman and Friesen's (1978) Facial Action Coding System (FACS). In addition, naive raters rated their quality of emotion. FACS analyses indicated that socially anxious children show a reduced general facial activity, have a more restricted facial repertoire and differ qualitatively from controls in their facial expression of emotions. Similarly, the global ratings indicated that the socially anxious children's posed facial expressions are less accurate. For the mothers no differences between groups were found when global ratings were used. However, the FACS data demonstrate that the facial expressions of mothers of socially anxious children are less intense compared to controls. It is possible that the decreased intensity of the mothers' facial expressiveness makes it more difficult for the socially anxious children to learn adequate facial expressions.
authors.affiliation: Psychiatry for Children and Adolescents, University of Wuerzburg, Germany. melfsen@nervenklinik.uni-wuerzburg.de
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Melfsen
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Osterlow
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Florin
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D004192:Discrimination, Psychological; D004644:Emotions; D005149:Facial Expression; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009034:Mother-Child Relations; D009035:Mothers / Q000523:psychology*; D010698:Phobic Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D012649:Self Concept; D014705:Verbal Behavior; D014743:Videotape Recording; D014796:Visual Perception