title: Antimicrobial resistance in gram-negative bacteria isolated from the urinary tract in community-residing persons with spinal cord injury.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the epidemiology of antimicrobial resistance among community-residing persons with spinal cord injury (SCI).
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective analysis of existing data.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were obtained from persons with SCI attending clinic for annual examinations.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two hundred eighty-seven SCI outpatients.
  
  
  METHODS
  None.
  
  
  METHODS
  Occurrence of bacteriuria with gram-negative organisms demonstrating resistance to antimicrobial agents in 2 or more classes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were 706 gram-negative isolates from 444 urine specimens. Resistance to drugs in 2 or more classes occurred in 33% of bacterial isolates, but did not significantly increase in frequency among those injured for longer periods or more severely. Significantly higher rates of multidrug-resistant bacteria occurred in specimens from males, younger age group (< or =45 yrs), and persons with indwelling and condom catheters.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Antimicrobial resistance in outpatients with SCI is common and is related to widespread use of specific drugs, type of bladder management, and other host factors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Alabama at Birmingham, USA.
authors.forename: K B
authors.initials: KB
authors.lastname: Waites
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: DeVivo
authors.forename: K C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Canupp
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Moser
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000407:Alabama / Q000453:epidemiology; D003153:Community Health Services; D018432:Drug Resistance, Multiple; D005006:Ethnicity; D005260:Female; D006090:Gram-Negative Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006801:Humans; D015601:Injury Severity Score; D008297:Male; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013119:Spinal Cord Injuries / Q000145:classification / Q000150:complications* / Q000534:rehabilitation; D014552:Urinary Tract Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000382:microbiology*