title: Management of chronic subdural hematoma in patients treated with anticoagulation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The diffusion of the surgical technique of cardiac valve replacement with metallic prostheses, as well as bypass graft in the arterial occlusive disease of the lower extremities, both requiring permanent oral anticoagulation, has increased the number of patients affected by chronic subdural hematoma that can be diagnosed at an earlier stage of this disease with the advent of the CT.
  
  
  METHODS
  The records of seven patients with mean GCS = 14.2 and mean clinical grade = 1.85 affected by chronic subdural hematoma and in treatment with anticoagulants were examined retrospectively. All the patients underwent subtemporal craniectomy plus closed drainage or burrhole(s) plus closed drainage after immediate correction of hypocoagulability by administration of vitamin K and fresh frozen plasma and normalization of PA by calcium heparin.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Outcome was good for all the patients except one who died because of cerebral herniation due to massive solid subdural hematoma during extracorporeal dialysis. Complications included: intracerebral hemorrhage, solid subdural hematoma, slow brain reexpansion, subdural collection reaccumulation and cerebral embolism. Three patients required re-operation. Mean duration of hospital stay was 18 days with range from 7 to 24 days.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Basing on this retrospective study and the proposed pathophysiology, the guidelines for optimal management of this subgroup of patients are proposed. Recommendations include the immediate correction of hypocoagulability, the appropriate surgical technique and the cautious conversion to oral anticoagulation as well as the appropriate timing of such conversion.
authors.affiliation: Divisione Clinicizzata di Neurichirurgia, Ospedale Garibaldi, Catania, Italy.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zingale
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chibbaro
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Florio
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Distefano
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Porcaro
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D006408:Hematoma, Subdural / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011859:Radiography; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012985:Software Design; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000925:Anticoagulants