Endoscopic management of urologic disease with the holmium laser.
The efficiency and safety profile of the holmium laser have made this tool a versatile multipurpose instrument for use in the endoscopic treatment of a wide variety of urologic disorders. Herein are reviewed holmium laser physics and current endourologic applications, as well as the performance of new low-power holmium lasers.
Delvecchio
F C
FC
Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA.
Preminger
G M
GM
D004724:Endoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D006695:Holmium; D006801:Humans; D053685:Laser Therapy / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D055585:Physical Phenomena; D010825:Physics; D014570:Urologic Diseases / Q000601:surgery*
D006695:Holmium