title: Multiple cellular mechanisms mediate the effect of lobeline on the release of norepinephrine.
abstract: The complex effect of lobeline on [(3)H]norepinephrine ([(3)H]NE) release was investigated in this study. Lobeline-induced release of [(3)H]NE from the vas deferens was strictly concentration-dependent. In contrast, electrical stimulation-evoked release was characterized by diverse effects of lobeline depending on the concentration used: at lower concentration (10 microM), it increased the release and at high concentration (100 and 300 microM), the evoked release of [(3)H]NE was abolished. The effect of lobeline on the basal release was [Ca(2+)]-independent, insensitive to mecamylamine, a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist, and to desipramine, a noradrenaline uptake inhibitor. However, lobeline-induced release was temperature-dependent: at low temperature (12 degrees C), at which the membrane carrier proteins are inhibited, lobeline failed to increase the basal release. Lobeline dose dependently inhibited the uptake of [(3)H]NE into rat hippocampal synaptic vesicles and purified synaptosomes with IC(50) values of 1.19 +/- 0.11 and 6.53 +/- 1.37 microM, respectively. Lobeline also inhibited Ca(2+) influx induced by KCl depolarization in sympathetic neurons measured with the Fura-2 technique. In addition, phenylephrine, an alpha(1)-adrenoceptor agonist, contracted the smooth muscle of the vas deferens and enhanced stimulation-evoked contraction. Both effects were inhibited by lobeline. Our results can be best explained as a reversal of the monoamine uptake by lobeline that is facilitated by the increased intracellular NE level after lobeline blocks vesicular uptake. At high concentrations, lobeline acts as a nonselective Ca(2+) channel antagonist blocking pre- and postjunctional Ca(2+) channels serving as a counterbalance for the multiple transmitter releasing actions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sántha
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Sperlágh
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Zelles
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zsilla
authors.forename: P T
authors.initials: PT
authors.lastname: Tóth
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Lendvai
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Baranyi
authors.forename: E S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Vizi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D015220:Calcium Channels / Q000187:drug effects; D003891:Desipramine / Q000494:pharmacology; D006168:Guinea Pigs; D008120:Lobeline / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000187:drug effects; D018722:Nicotinic Agonists / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009638:Norepinephrine / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D014649:Vas Deferens / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D015220:Calcium Channels; D018722:Nicotinic Agonists; D008120:Lobeline; D002118:Calcium; D003891:Desipramine; D009638:Norepinephrine