title: Block of cardiac ATP-sensitive K(+) channels reduces hydroxyl radicals in the rat myocardium.
abstract: The present study examined whether opening of an ATP-sensitive K(+) (K(ATP)) channel can induce hydroxyl free radical ((*)OH) generation in the rat myocardium. Sodium salicylate in Ringer's solution (0.5 nmol/microl/min) was infused directly through a microdialysis probe to detect the generation of (*)OH as reflected by the nonenzymatic formation of 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid (DHBA). Induction of cromakalim (100 microM), a K(ATP) channel opener, through the microdialysis probe significantly increased the level of 2,3-DHBA. Another K(ATP) channel opener, nicorandil, also increased the level of 2,3-DHBA. When iron(II) was administered to cromakalim-pretreated animals, a marked elevation of DHBA was observed, compared with iron(II) only-treated animals. A positive linear correlation between iron(II) and formation of (*)OH, trapped as DHBA in the dialysate, was shown (r(2) = 0.988). When corresponding experiments were performed with nicorandil-treated animals, a positive linear correlation between iron(II) and DHBA in the dialysate was shown (r(2) = 0.988). However, the presence of glibenclamide (1-50 microM) decreased the cromakalim-induced 2,3-DHBA formation in a concentration-dependent manner (IC(50) = 9.1 microM). 5-Hydroxydecanoate (5-HD; 100 microM), another K(ATP) channel antagonist, also decreased cromakalim-induced (*)OH formation. The IC(50) value for 5-HD against cromakalim-evoked increase in 2,3-DHBA was 107.2 microM. In the presence of glibenclamide (10 microM), the heart was subjected to myocardial ischemia for 15 min by occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD). When the heart was reperfused, the normal elevation of 2,3-DHBA in the heart dialysate was not observed in animals pretreated with glibenclamide (10 microM). When corresponding experiments were performed with 5-HD (100 microM) pretreated animals, the same results were obtained. These results suggest that opening of cardiac K(ATP) channels may cause (*)OH generation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Oita Medical University, Hasama-machi, Oita, 879-5593, Japan. tobata@oita-med.ac.jp
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Obata
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yamanaka
mesh_terms: D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D000889:Anti-Arrhythmia Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D019806:Cromakalim / Q000494:pharmacology; D003652:Decanoic Acids / Q000494:pharmacology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005296:Ferrous Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology; D005905:Glyburide / Q000494:pharmacology; D006880:Hydroxy Acids / Q000494:pharmacology; D062385:Hydroxybenzoates / Q000494:pharmacology; D017665:Hydroxyl Radical / Q000378:metabolism*; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D020128:Inhibitory Concentration 50; D007502:Iron Chelating Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D017551:Microdialysis; D017202:Myocardial Ischemia; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism*; D020108:Nicorandil / Q000494:pharmacology; D026902:Potassium Channel Blockers; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012459:Salicylates / Q000378:metabolism; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000889:Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D003652:Decanoic Acids; D005296:Ferrous Compounds; D006880:Hydroxy Acids; D062385:Hydroxybenzoates; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007502:Iron Chelating Agents; D026902:Potassium Channel Blockers; D012459:Salicylates; D019806:Cromakalim; D020108:Nicorandil; D017665:Hydroxyl Radical; C052853:5-hydroxydecanoic acid; C009135:2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; D005905:Glyburide