title: The changing HIV epidemic in Italian pregnant women.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe changes in the characteristics of HIV-pregnant women in Italy and the impact of strategies for prevention of HIV vertical transmission.
  
  
  METHODS
  Since 1985, HIV-infected women and their children are followed in 23 European centres in the European Collaborative Study (ECS), according to a standard protocol. Eight Italian Obstetric units participating in the ECS enrolled 815 patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall use of zidovudine to reduce HIV vertical transmission has increased significantly since 1994 and between 1995 and 1997, 57% of Italian women were treated. However, 27% of babies received the infant component of the 076 regimen. Over the years, age at delivery has increased and their CD4 count at delivery decreased, most likely reflecting heterosexually infected women with a longer duration of infection. The increasing rate of elective caesarean section (42%) is not related to maternal, foetal or obstetrical indications, but its use as an intervention to reduce HIV vertical transmission.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The identification of HIV-infected women during pregnancy or before delivery ensures the appropriate management of the woman and her child, and clinicians should be aware of the increasing number of women with heterosexual acquisition of HIV-infection who may be less easily identified.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ospedale San Paolo, Milan, Italy. S.Fiore@ich.ucl.ac.uk
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fiore
authors.forename: A E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Semprini
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ravizza
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bucceri
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Muggiasca
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Guerra
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Spinillo
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pardi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018791:CD4 Lymphocyte Count; D002585:Cesarean Section; D005260:Female; D005865:Gestational Age; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000635:transmission; D006801:Humans; D018445:Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical / Q000517:prevention & control; D007558:Italy / Q000453:epidemiology; D011247:Pregnancy; D011251:Pregnancy Complications, Infectious / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015215:Zidovudine / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents; D015215:Zidovudine