title: Cyclosporine for lupus membranous nephritis: experience with ten patients and review of the literature.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The treatment of lupus membranous nephritis (LMN), a lupus subset that carries a high morbidity, is unsatisfactory. We report our experience in treating LMN with the immunosuppressive drug cyclosporine (CYS).
  
  
  METHODS
  We treated 10 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus fulfilling ACR criteria with CYS for at least 12 months and followed renal function, serologic activity and SLEDAI scores.
  
  
  METHODS
  8 females, 2 males, 50% Caucasian, mean age 37.3 y (range 22-48), disease duration 108.7 months (range 16-216), nephritis duration 35.5 months (range 12-59), date of biopsy to date of starting treatment 10.7 months (range 0-90). The patients were started on CYS with a mean dose of 3.8 mg/kg (range 2.2-6) and followed for a mean duration of 24.8 months (range 12-59). A Medline search identified all patients with lupus who were given CYS or had LMN in articles from 1966-1999.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Proteinuria improved from a baseline mean of 5,588mg/24h (range 2,712-11,055) to 1,404 mg/24 h (range < 150-2,652). Serum albumin increased from a baseline mean of 2.8 g/100 ml (range 1.31-3.8) to a mean of 3.9 g/100 ml (range 3-4.5) at last follow-up. There was no significant change in lupus activity as measured by SLEDAI. Nephrotoxicity was common as evidenced by an increase in serum creatinine but it returned to baseline with adjustment of the dose of CYS (20% decrease in the dose of CYS for a 20% increase in serum creatinine). More antihypertensive medications were required to control the blood pressure in these ten patients at the end of the study compared to the onset (total number= 13 versus 6).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Proteinuria and serum albumin improved in all patients on CYS. A literature review is consistent with this. Controlled studies of the use of CYS for membranous lupus nephritis would be useful.
authors.affiliation: Department of Rheumatology, Ceders-Sinai Medical Center/UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hallegua
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Wallace
authors.forename: A L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Metzger
authors.forename: R Z
authors.initials: RZ
authors.lastname: Rinaldi
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Klinenberg
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016572:Cyclosporine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008180:Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008181:Lupus Nephritis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D016572:Cyclosporine