title: Procreation ability in Wilson's disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The clinical manifestations of Wilson's disease (WD) take the form of hepatic, neurological, renal as well as hormonal disturbances. Infertility and amenorrhea are reported in women and hypogonadism in men with WD. Our study was designed to analyse the procreation abilities of patients with WD.
  
  
  METHODS
  We investigated by a questionnaire the course of pregnancy and delivery in 31 untreated women (mean age 22.5 years, 82 pregnancies) and 15 women (mean age 26.2, 25 pregnancies,) treated with D-penicillamine (D-p) or zinc sulphate (ZnS). We studied also procreation ability of 27 men (mean age 27.2 years). We analysed the congenital abnormalities and frequency of WD in children of our patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One of 10 untreated women had difficulties with conception. The number and type of pathology (imminent abortions, gestosis, stillbirth, preterm births) were similar in treated and untreated patients. In both mentioned groups the most frequent pathology were spontaneous abortions, which were found in 26% of untreated and in 26.6% of treated women. This percentage is higher than in general population. Most of deliveries in patients with WD were spontaneous. Neither developmental malformations nor serious disorders were noticed in the offspring of our treated patients, 3 children of untreated patients were born with congenital heart disease. In 78 of the 110 children of our patients we examined the copper metabolism and we diagnosed WD in 5 cases (from 3 families). Among 27 investigated men only 1 was impotent.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The risk of complications during pregnancy in asymptomatic and treated patients is higher than in general population, but it does not make the procreation impossible.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, 2nd Department of Neurology, Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Tarnacka
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rodo
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cichy
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Członkowska
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D007172:Erectile Dysfunction / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D005298:Fertility / Q000502:physiology*; D006058:Gonadal Disorders / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006527:Hepatolenticular Degeneration / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology