title: Pyrazinamide is not active against Mycobacterium tuberculosis residing in cultured human monocyte-derived macrophages.
abstract: METHODS
  Mycobacteriology Laboratory, National Jewish Medical and Research Center, Denver, Colorado.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the antimicrobial activity of pyrazinamide against Mycobacterium tuberculosis in cultured human monocyte-derived normal and activated macrophages.
  
  
  METHODS
  Monocytes separated from human blood were incubated in plastic plates for seven days to mature into macrophage monolayers. After activation with TNF-alpha or IFN-gamma or without prior treatment, the macrophages were infected with M. tuberculosis. Various concentrations of pyrazinamide (PZA), morphazinamide (MZA) or isoniazid (INH) were added the next day, and the viable counts of the intracellular bacteria were determined at days 0, 4, and 8.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No inhibitory activity of PZA at any concentration was detected, while clear dose-dependent bacteriostatic and bactericidal activities were demonstrated by MZA and INH in the same experimental model.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PZA has neither bacteriostatic nor bactericidal activity against M. tuberculosis persisting or multiplying in cultured monocyte-derived human macrophages, and it might be that the well-known effectiveness of this drug in tuberculosis patients is not related to its supposed activity against intracellular bacterial subpopulations.
authors.affiliation: National Jewish Medical and Research Center, The University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, USA. heifetsl@njc.org
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Heifets
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Higgins
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Simon
mesh_terms: D000995:Antitubercular Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D006801:Humans; D007538:Isoniazid / Q000494:pharmacology; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects / Q000382:microbiology*; D009169:Mycobacterium tuberculosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D011718:Pyrazinamide / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011719:Pyrazines / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000995:Antitubercular Agents; D011719:Pyrazines; D011718:Pyrazinamide; C038993:morphazinamide; D007538:Isoniazid