title: Influence of panic-agoraphobic spectrum symptoms on treatment response in patients with recurrent major depression.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The authors tested the hypothesis that a lifetime history of panic-agoraphobic spectrum symptoms predicts a poorer response to depression treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  A threshold for clinically meaningful panic-agoraphobic spectrum symptoms was defined by means of receiver operating characteristic curve analysis of total scores on the Structured Clinical Interview for Panic-Agoraphobic Spectrum in a group of 88 outpatients with and without panic disorder. This threshold was then applied to a group of 61 women with recurrent major depression, who completed a self-report version of the same instrument, in order to compare treatment outcomes for patients above and below this clinical threshold.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Women with high scores (> or =35) on the Panic-Agoraphobic Spectrum Self-Report were less likely than women with low scores (<35) to respond to interpersonal psychotherapy alone (43.5% versus 68.4%, respectively). Women with high scores also took longer (18.1 versus 10.3 weeks) to respond to a sequential treatment paradigm (adding a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor when depression did not remit with interpersonal psychotherapy alone). This effect was only partially accounted for by the higher likelihood that patients with high scores required the addition of antidepressants. Although four domains from the Panic-Agoraphobic Spectrum Self-Report were individually associated with a longer time to remission, only stress sensitivity emerged as significant in multivariate regression analyses.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A lifetime burden of panic-agoraphobic spectrum symptoms predicted a poorer response to interpersonal psychotherapy and an 8-week delay in sequential treatment response among women with recurrent depression. These results lend clinical validity to the spectrum construct and highlight the need for alternate psychotherapeutic and pharmacologic strategies to treat depressed patients with panic spectrum features.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA 15213, USA. franke@msx.upmc.edu
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Frank
authors.forename: M K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Shear
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rucci
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Cyranowski
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Endicott
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fagiolini
authors.forename: V J
authors.initials: VJ
authors.lastname: Grochocinski
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Houck
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Kupfer
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Maser
authors.forename: G B
authors.initials: GB
authors.lastname: Cassano
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000379:Agoraphobia / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy; D000553:Ambulatory Care; D000928:Antidepressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D015897:Comorbidity; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D005473:Fluoxetine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D016584:Panic Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy; D010555:Personality Inventory / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011613:Psychotherapy; D012372:ROC Curve; D012008:Recurrence; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000928:Antidepressive Agents; D005473:Fluoxetine