title: The HIV-1 cell entry inhibitor T-20 potently chemoattracts neutrophils by specifically activating the N-formylpeptide receptor.
abstract: T-20, a synthetic peptide corresponding to the heptad repeat sequence of HIV-1 gp41, blocks HIV-1 entry by targeting gp41, and is currently in clinical trials as an anti-retroviral agent. We recently reported that in vitro T-20 also functions as a phagocyte chemoattractant and a chemotactic agonist at the phagocyte N-formylpeptide receptor (FPR). Here we show that T-20 is also a potent chemotactic agonist in vitro at a related human phagocyte receptor FPRL1R. To test the relative importance of FPR and FPRL1R in primary cells, we identified the corresponding mouse T-20 receptors, mFPR and FPR2, which are both expressed in neutrophils, and compared T-20 action on neutrophils from wild type and mFPR knockout mice. Surprisingly, although T-20 activates mFPR and FPR2 in transfected cells with equal potency and efficacy in both calcium flux and chemotaxis assays, neutrophils from mFPR knockout mice did not respond to T-20. These results provide genetic evidence that FPR is the major phagocyte T-20 receptor in vivo and point to the potential feasibility of studying T-20 effects on immunity in a mouse model. This may help define the cause of local inflammation after T-20 injection that has recently been reported in Phase I clinical trials.
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
authors.forename: J K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Hartt
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sahagun-Ruiz
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: P M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Murphy
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D020013:Calcium Signaling / Q000187:drug effects; D002460:Cell Line; D002634:Chemotaxis, Leukocyte / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D000077560:Enfuvirtide; D015700:HIV Envelope Protein gp41 / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000139:chemically induced; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D005810:Multigene Family / Q000235:genetics; D009240:N-Formylmethionine Leucyl-Phenylalanine / Q000494:pharmacology; D018375:Neutrophil Activation / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D044042:Receptors, Formyl Peptide; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic / Q000819:agonists / Q000172:deficiency / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D018000:Receptors, Peptide / Q000819:agonists / Q000172:deficiency / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D014162:Transfection
chemical_list: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents; D015700:HIV Envelope Protein gp41; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D044042:Receptors, Formyl Peptide; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic; D018000:Receptors, Peptide; D000077560:Enfuvirtide; D009240:N-Formylmethionine Leucyl-Phenylalanine; D002118:Calcium