title: Enhancement by homocysteine of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 gene expression and secretion from vascular endothelial and smooth muscle cells.
abstract: In order to elucidate the relationship between homocysteine and the fibrinolytic system, we examined the effect of homocysteine on plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) and tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) gene expression and protein secretion in cultured human vascular endothelial and smooth muscle cells in vitro. PAI-1 mRNA and secreted protein levels were both enhanced by homocysteine in a dose dependent manner, with significant stimulation of PAI-1 secretion observed at concentrations greater than 0.5 mM homocysteine. In contrast, secretion and mRNA expression of tPA were not significantly altered by homocysteine stimulation. Secretion of TGFbeta (transforming growth factor beta) and TNFalpha (tumor necrosis factor alpha), possible regulators of PAI-1 expression and secretion, were not stimulated by treatment with 1.0 mM homocysteine. These results suggests that hyperhomocysteinemia-induced atherosclerosis and/or thrombosis may be caused by homocysteine-induced stimulation of PAI-1 gene expression and secretion in the vasculatures by a mechanism independent from paracrine-autocrine activity of TGFbeta and TNFalpha.
authors.affiliation: Third Department of Internal Medicine, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Japan.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Midorikawa
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sanada
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hashimoto
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Watanabe
mesh_terms: D001161:Arteriosclerosis / Q000209:etiology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects; D006710:Homocysteine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D020138:Hyperhomocysteinemia / Q000150:complications; D009131:Muscle, Smooth, Vascular / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D013927:Thrombosis / Q000209:etiology; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000378:metabolism; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D006710:Homocysteine; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator