title: Pharmacokinetics of intermittent intravenous cefazolin and tobramycin in patients treated with automated peritoneal dialysis.
abstract: There is increasing use of intermittent dosing of antibiotics to treat peritoneal dialysis (PD)-related peritonitis. The disposition of intravenous cefazolin and tobramycin was studied in automated PD (APD) patients. Ten patients were recruited and received a single intravenous dose of cefazolin (15 mg/kg) and tobramycin (0.6 mg/kg). Blood and dialysate samples were collected at the beginning, middle, and end of dwells 1 to 3 (on cycler), and at the end of dwells 4 to 5 (off cycler) for a 24-h period. Baseline and 24-h urine samples were collected. Pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated using a monoexponential model. Cefazolin and tobramycin half-lives were markedly different on cycler than off cycler (cefazolin on cycler : 10.67 +/- 4.66 h; cefazolin off cycler : 23.09 +/- 5.6 h; P = 0.001; tobramycin on cycler : 14.27 +/- 4.53 h; tobramycin off cycler : 68. 5 +/- 26.47 h; P < 0.001). Mean serum and dialysate concentrations were above minimum inhibitory concentrations of susceptible organisms throughout the 24-h period for both drugs with intravenous administration. A model was developed to examine serum and dialysate concentrations after intermittent intraperitoneal administration of 15 mg/kg cefazolin and 0.6 mg/kg tobramycin. Model-predicted intraperitoneal cefazolin provides adequate serum and dialysate concentrations for 24 h. Intermittent intraperitoneal tobramycin doses must be 1.5 mg/kg for one exchange during the first day and then given as 0.5 mg/kg thereafter. It is concluded that the current empiric dosing recommendations for PD-related peritonitis may be adequate for cefazolin (15 to 20 mg/kg); however, tobramycin doses must be changed to 1.5 mg/kg intraperitoneally on day 1, then to 0.5 mg/kg intraperitoneally thereafter in APD patients.
authors.affiliation: Albany College of Pharmacy, Albany, New York.
authors.forename: Harold J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Manley
authors.affiliation: Albany College of Pharmacy, Albany, New York.|Albany Medical College, Albany, New York.
authors.forename: George R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Bailie
authors.affiliation: University of Pittsburgh, School of Pharmacy, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
authors.forename: Reginald
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Frye
authors.affiliation: Albany Dialysis Center, Albany, New York.
authors.forename: Lorraine D
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Hess
authors.affiliation: Albany Medical College, Albany, New York.
authors.forename: M Donald
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: McGoldrick
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001331:Automation; D002437:Cefazolin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002511:Cephalosporins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015314:Dialysis Solutions / Q000737:chemistry; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D006207:Half-Life; D006801:Humans; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D008875:Middle Aged; D010530:Peritoneal Dialysis; D014031:Tobramycin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D002511:Cephalosporins; D015314:Dialysis Solutions; D002437:Cefazolin; D014031:Tobramycin