title: Prenatal active or passive tobacco smoke exposure and the risk of preterm delivery or low birth weight.
abstract: We examined the association of exposure to environmental tobacco smoke with birth weight and gestational age in a large, prospective study. We also compared these endpoints between infants of active maternal smokers and those of non-smoking, non-ETS exposed women. Pregnant women were interviewed by telephone during the first trimester, and pregnancy outcome was determined for 99%. Among the 4,454 singleton live births that could be linked to their birth certificate, we confirmed increased risks of low birth weight and small for gestational age with heavier maternal smoking (> 10 cigarettes/day), as well as noting an increased risk for "very preterm" birth (< 35 weeks). These associations were generally stronger among infants of older (> or = 30 years) than those of younger mothers, as well as among non-whites. High environmental tobacco smoke exposure (> or = 7 hours/day in non-smokers) was moderately associated with low birth weight (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 1.8, 95% confidence limits (95% CL) = 0.82, 4.1), preterm birth (AOR 1.6, 95% CL = 0.87, 2.9), and most strongly with very preterm birth (AOR 2.4, 95% CL = 1.0, 5.3). These associations were generally greater among non-whites than whites. The data support earlier studies suggesting that prenatal environmental tobacco smoke exposure, in addition to maternal smoking, affects infant health.
authors.affiliation: Reproductive Epidemiology Section, Department of Health Services, Oakland, California 94612, USA.
authors.forename: G C
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Windham
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hopkins
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Fenster
authors.forename: S H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Swan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007230:Infant, Low Birth Weight; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature; D007236:Infant, Small for Gestational Age; D018811:Maternal Exposure; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects*; D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution