title: Selective prescribing of spasmolytics.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Daily clinical practice often differs largely from the clinical trial setting, so extrapolation of outcomes from trial data, such as safety, effectiveness, and economic outcomes, can be deceptive. Prescribers may intend to treat a selected group of patients with new drugs; this practice could result in significant bias in assessing outcomes of these agents during their use in daily clinical practice.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate what type of patient received tolterodine compared with the spasmolytic drugs previously marketed (oxybutynin, flavoxate, emepronium).
  
  
  METHODS
  An observational, follow-up study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighteen collaborating community pharmacies.
  
  
  METHODS
  Aged > or = 18 years, noninstitutionalized; initial therapy with tolterodine, oxybutynin, flavoxate, or emepronium.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Tolterodine was often used as a second-line and even as a third-line treatment, and was prescribed to a "polluted" population in terms of concomitant psychotropic medication. Tolterodine users were 7.5 times more likely to have received another spasmolytic drug (RR 7.5, 95% CI 4.8 to 11.9). In addition, these patients more frequently used antiparkinsonian drugs (RR 4.1, 95% CI 1.6 to 10.4) as well as antipsychotic drugs (RR 2.9, 95% CI 1.4 to 6.2). There was a small difference in concomitant use of antidepressants and benzodiazepines between patients receiving tolterodine versus those taking other spasmolytic drugs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Tolterodine is prescribed for a population differing from that receiving previously marketed spasmolytic drugs. Selective prescribing should recognized when evaluating new drugs in daily clinical practice. Policy makers, such as pharmacy and therapeutics committees, should consider this aspect in their formulary decisions since selective prescribing can lead to unjustified conclusions about a drug's therapeutic effects (e.g., efficacy, safety, cost-effectiveness).
authors.affiliation: Hospital Pharmacy Midden-Brabant, TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, The Netherlands. KMovig@zamb.tsz.nl
authors.forename: K L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Movig
authors.forename: A C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Egberts
authors.forename: A W
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Lenderink
authors.forename: H G
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Leufkens
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000978:Antiparkinson Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds / Q000191:economics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D003408:Cresols / Q000191:economics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D010276:Parasympatholytics / Q000191:economics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010665:Phenylpropanolamine; D000068737:Tolterodine Tartrate; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000978:Antiparkinson Agents; D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds; D003408:Cresols; D010276:Parasympatholytics; D010665:Phenylpropanolamine; D000068737:Tolterodine Tartrate