title: Calculation of T2 relaxation time from ultrafast single shot sequences for differentiation of liver tumors: comparison of echo-planar, HASTE, and spin-echo sequences.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of T2 calculation from single shot imaging sequences such as echo-planar imaging (EPI) and half-Fourier single shot turbo spin-echo (HASTE) imaging.
  
  
  METHODS
  For the phantom study, we prepared vials containing different concentrations of agarose, copper sulfate, and nickel chloride. The temperature of the phantom was kept at 22 degrees C. MR images were obtained with a 1.5-Tesla superconductive magnet. Spin-echo (SE) -type EPI and HASTE sequences with different TEs were obtained for T2 calculation, and the T2 values were compared with those obtained from the Carr-Purcell-Meiborm-Gill (CPMG) sequence. The clinical study group consisted of 30 consecutive patients referred for MR imaging to characterize focal liver lesions. A total of 40 focal liver lesions were evaluated, including 25 primary or metastatic solid masses and 15 non-solid lesions. Single shot SE-type EPI and HASTE were both performed with TEs of 64 and 90 msec.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the phantom study, the T2 values obtained from both single shot sequences showed significant correlations with those from the CPMG sequence (T2 on EPI vs. T2 on CPMG: r=0.98, p<0.01; T2 on HASTE vs. T2 on CPMG: r=0.99, p<0.01). In the clinical study, mean T2 values for liver calculated from EPI (42 msec) were significantly shorter than those calculated from the HASTE sequence (58 msec) (p<0.001). Mean T2 values for solid tumors were 95 msec with HASTE and 72 msec with EPI, and mean T2 values for non-solid lesions were 128 msec with HASTE and 159 msec with EPI. Although mean T2 values between solid and non-solid lesions were significantly different for both EPI and HASTE sequences (p=0.01 for HASTE, p<0.001 for EPI), the overlap of solid and non-solid lesions was less frequent in EPI than in HASTE.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  With single shot sequences, it is possible to obtain the T2 values that show excellent correlation with the CPMG sequence. Although both HASTE and EPI are useful to calculate T2 values, EPI appears to be more accurate in characterizing focal liver lesions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Kumamoto University School of Medicine, Japan.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Abe
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yamashita
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Namimoto
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Takahashi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016477:Artifacts; D019327:Copper Sulfate; D003560:Cysts / Q000175:diagnosis; D017352:Echo-Planar Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005583:Fourier Analysis; D006391:Hemangioma / Q000175:diagnosis; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D008107:Liver Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000556:secondary; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009532:Nickel; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012685:Sepharose; D012815:Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted; D013696:Temperature
chemical_list: C022838:nickel chloride; D009532:Nickel; D012685:Sepharose; D019327:Copper Sulfate