title: Lysosomal cysteine protease, cathepsin B, is targeted to lysosomes by the mannose 6-phosphate-independent pathway in rat hepatocytes: site-specific phosphorylation in oligosaccharides of the proregion.
abstract: Cathepsin B, a lysosomal cysteine protease, is synthesized as a glycoprotein with two N-linked oligosaccharide chains, one of which is in the propeptide region while the other is in the mature region. When cultured rat hepatocytes were labeled with [(32)P]phosphate, (32)P-labeled cathepsin B was immunoprecipitated only in the proform from cell lysates and medium. Either Endo H or alkaline phosphatase treatment of (32)P-labeled procathepsin B demonstrated the acquisition of a mannose 6-phosphate (Man 6-P) residue on high mannose type oligosaccharides. To identify the site of phosphorylation, immunoisolated (35)S- or (32)P-labeled procathepsin B was incubated with purified lysosomal cathepsin D, since cathepsin D cleaves 48 amino acid residues from the N-terminus of procathepsin B, in which one N-linked oligosaccharide chain was also included [Kawabata, T. et al. (1993) J. Biochem. 113, 389-394]. Treatment of intracellular (35)S-labeled procathepsin B with a molecular mass of 39-kDa with cathepsin D resulted in the production of the 31-kDa intermediate form, but the (32)P-label incorporated into procathepsin B disappeared after treatment with cathepsin D. These results indicate that the phosphorylation of procathepsin B is restricted to an oligosaccharide chain present in the propeptide region. Interestingly, cathepsin B sorting to lysosomes was not inhibited by NH(4)Cl treatment and about 90% of the intracellular procathepsin B initially phosphorylated was secreted into the medium without being dephosphorylated intracellularly, and did not bind significantly to cation-independent-Man 6-P receptor, suggesting the failure of Man 6-P-dependent transport of procathepsin B to lysosomes. Additionally, about 50% of the newly synthesized (35)S-labeled cathepsin B was retained in the cells in mature forms consisting of a 29-kDa single chain form and a 24-kDa two chain form, while part of the procathepsin B was associated with membranes in a Man 6-P-independent manner. Taken together, these results show that in rat hepatocytes, cathepsin B is targeted to lysosomes by an alternative mechanism(s) other than the Man 6-P-dependent pathway.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pharmaceutical Cell Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Maidashi 3-1-1, Higashi-ku,Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kawabata
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Noguchi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Himeno
mesh_terms: D000643:Ammonium Chloride / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D001692:Biological Transport; D002401:Cathepsin B / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000378:metabolism; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002846:Chromatography, Affinity; D004792:Enzyme Precursors / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D008099:Liver / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D008247:Lysosomes / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008360:Mannosephosphates / Q000378:metabolism*; D009844:Oligosaccharides / Q000378:metabolism*; D010766:Phosphorylation; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D017527:Receptor, IGF Type 2 / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D004792:Enzyme Precursors; D008360:Mannosephosphates; D009844:Oligosaccharides; D017527:Receptor, IGF Type 2; D000643:Ammonium Chloride; C027693:mannose-6-phosphate; C057832:procathepsin B; D002401:Cathepsin B