title: Enhancement of intrinsic tumor cell radiosensitivity induced by a selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor.
abstract: The antitumor effects of the selective cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 inhibitor SC-236 alone and in combination with radiation were investigated using the human glioma cell line U251 grown in monolayer culture and as tumor xenografts. On the basis of Western and Northern blot analyses, these cells express COX-2 protein and mRNA to levels similar to those in the human colon carcinoma cell line HT29. Treatment of U251 cells in monolayer culture with 50 microM SC-236 resulted in a time-dependent decrease in cell survival as determined by a clonogenic assay. The cell death induced by SC-236 was associated with apoptosis and the detachment of cells from the monolayer. After 2 days of drug treatment, the cells that remained attached were exposed to graded doses of radiation, and the clonogenic assay was performed. Comparison of the survival curves for drug-treated and untreated cultures revealed that SC-236 enhanced radiation-induced cell death. In these combination studies, SC-236 treatment resulted in a dose-enhancement factor of 1.4 at a surviving fraction of 0.1, with the surviving fraction at 2 Gy (SF2) reduced from 0.61 to 0.31. These data indicate that in vitro SC-236 induces U251 apoptotic cell death and enhances the radiosensitivity of the surviving cells. To extend these investigations to an in vivo situation, U251 glioma cells were grown as tumor xenografts in the hind leg of nude mice, and SC-236 was administered in drinking water. SC-236 alone slowed tumor growth rate, and when administered in combination with local irradiation, SC-236 caused a greater than additive increase in tumor growth delay. These in vitro and in vivo results suggest that the selective inhibition of COX-2 combined with radiation has potential as a cancer treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston 77030, USA.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Petersen
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Petersen
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Milas
authors.forename: F F
authors.initials: FF
authors.lastname: Lang
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Tofilon
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D015152:Blotting, Northern; D015153:Blotting, Western; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D052246:Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004307:Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D005910:Glioma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D006801:Humans; D020287:In Situ Nick-End Labeling; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000096:biosynthesis; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D009368:Neoplasm Transplantation; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases / Q000096:biosynthesis; D011720:Pyrazoles / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D011836:Radiation Tolerance / Q000187:drug effects*; D011838:Radiation-Sensitizing Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D013449:Sulfonamides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013997:Time Factors; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D000096926:Benzenesulfonamides
chemical_list: D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D052246:Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors; D007527:Isoenzymes; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases; D011720:Pyrazoles; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D011838:Radiation-Sensitizing Agents; D013449:Sulfonamides; C119130:4-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)benzenesulfonamide; D000096926:Benzenesulfonamides; C496540:PTGS2 protein, human