title: Failure in post-transcriptional processing is a possible inactivation mechanism of AP-2alpha in cutaneous melanoma.
abstract: The loss of transcription factor AP-2alpha expression has been shown to associate with tumourigenicity of melanoma cell lines and poor prognosis in primary cutaneous melanoma. Altogether these findings suggest that the gene encoding AP-2alpha (TFAP2A) acts as a tumour suppressor in melanoma. To learn more of AP-2alpha's down-regulation mechanisms, we compared the immunohistochemical AP-2alpha protein expression patterns with the corresponding mRNA expression detected by in situ hybridization in 52 primary melanomas. Of the 25 samples with AP-2alpha protein negative areas, 16 (64%) expressed mRNA throughout the consecutive section. Nine specimens (36%) contained equally mRNA- and protein-negative areas, suggesting that the loss of AP-2alpha protein associated with lack of the mRNA transcript. The highly AP-2alpha protein-positive tumours (n = 27) were concordantly mRNA positive in 25 (92.6%) cases. Thirteen primary tumours were further analysed using microsatellite markers D6S470 and D6S263 for loss of heterozygosity (LOH) of a locus harbouring TFAP2A. LOHs or chromosome 6 monosomy were found in four out of five (80%) informative AP-2alpha mRNA- and protein-negative tumour areas, but also within five out of 13 (38%) informative AP-2alpha mRNA-positive tumour areas. This chromosome region is thus suggestive of harbouring a putative tumour suppressor gene of cutaneous melanoma, but this referring specifically to TFAP2A could not be completely verified in this analysis. We conclude that a failure in post-transcriptional processing of AP-2alpha is a possible inactivation mechanism of AP-2alpha in cutaneous melanoma.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Kuopio and Kuopio University Hospital, Finland.
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Karjalainen
authors.forename: J K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Kellokoski
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Mannermaa
authors.forename: H E
authors.initials: HE
authors.lastname: Kujala
authors.forename: K I
authors.initials: KI
authors.lastname: Moisio
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Mitchell
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Eskelinen
authors.forename: E M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Alhava
authors.forename: V M
authors.initials: VM
authors.lastname: Kosma
mesh_terms: D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D019656:Loss of Heterozygosity; D008545:Melanoma / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D012323:RNA Processing, Post-Transcriptional; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D050656:Transcription Factor AP-2; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; C493673:TFAP2A protein, human; D050656:Transcription Factor AP-2; D014157:Transcription Factors