title: The determination of the ability of polyurethane foam to release toluene diisocyanate into air.
abstract: A study was conducted to assess the ability of polyurethane foam to release toluene diisocyanate (TDI) into the air. The study was completed in two phases. In the first phase, three-day post-production foam samples were "extracted" using 37 degrees C, 30 percent relative humidity air for a total of three days. In the second phase, foam samples were "loaded" with TDI (approximately 1 ppm (w/w) in the foam) by passing air containing a controlled level of TDI vapor through the foam. The "loaded" foam was then aged for three days (to simulate minimum possible expected time between production and consumer contact) before being extracted for three days using 37 degrees C, 30 percent relative humidity air. In both phases of the study, the extracted TDI was quantified by trapping it from the air using glass-fiber filters coated with 1,(2-pyridyl)piperazine (PP) derivatizing agent (modified OSHA Method 42) then analyzing the TDI derivative formed using high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection. Validation of the test system was conducted using diffusion-tube-generated TDI atmospheres. Results of the Phase 1 portion of the study showed no quantifiable TDI being extracted from the three-day post-production commercial foam samples at a limit of quantitation of approximately 0.1 ppb TDI in air. Results of the Phase 2 portion of the study showed no quantifiable TDI being extracted from the "loaded" foams at a limit of quantitation of 0.12 microgram TDI (less than 0.03% of the level of TDI loaded into the foams). In conclusion, the results from this study indicate that it is not likely that TDI would be released from three-day post-production polyurethane foams in amounts likely to produce air concentrations of concern.
authors.affiliation: Dow Chemical Company, Midland, Michigan, USA.
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Hugo
authors.forename: M W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Spence
authors.forename: T D
authors.initials: TD
authors.lastname: Lickly
mesh_terms: D000395:Air Pollutants, Occupational / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis*; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008851:Micropore Filters; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects; D011140:Polyurethanes / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014051:Toluene 2,4-Diisocyanate / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D014835:Volatilization
chemical_list: D000395:Air Pollutants, Occupational; D011140:Polyurethanes; D014051:Toluene 2,4-Diisocyanate