title: Effectiveness of a CD-ROM multimedia tutorial in transferring cognitive knowledge essential for laparoscopic skill training.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Computer-assisted instruction (CAI) can benefit surgical education by improving efficiency, effectiveness, standardization, and access. This study compares knowledge gains for laparoscopic skill acquisition following a standardized tutorial delivered via CD-ROM versus live instructor.
  
  
  METHODS
  A standardized tutorial was written and subsequently converted to multimedia CD-ROM format by its author (JR). During a laparoscopic development course, experienced US-trained surgeons (n = 52) participated in the tutorial delivered live by the author. The CD-ROM tutorial replaced the instructor for the following groups: (1) experienced US-trained surgeons (n = 27); (2) US-trained surgical residents (n = 59); and (3) Greek surgeons (n = 63). A 51-item knowledge test was administered before and after tutorial instruction.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean increase in scores between pretest and posttest was significant (P <0.01) and of similar magnitude in each group, with nonsignificant posttest mean differences among US-trained groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The CD-ROM tutorial effectively transfers cognitive information necessary for skill development. Distance learning modes of this tutorial program may be feasible.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8062, USA.
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Rosser
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Herman
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Risucci
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Murayama
authors.forename: L E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Rosser
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Merrell
mesh_terms: D016251:CD-ROM; D002983:Clinical Competence; D003194:Computer-Assisted Instruction / Q000379:methods; D013502:General Surgery / Q000193:education*; D006115:Greece; D006801:Humans; D019359:Knowledge; D010535:Laparoscopy; D019212:Multimedia; D013663:Teaching / Q000379:methods*; D014481:United States