title: Dispersal of radioisotope labelled solution following deep dermal injection in Ehlers-Danlos syndrome.
abstract: Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (EDS) is the commonest inherited disorder of connective tissue, affecting around 10 000 patients in the UK. Patients with EDS have reported that local anaesthetic is often ineffective. Patients with less severe skin laxity often have the most problems. We have postulated that this resistance to local anaesthetics is not due to the lax connective tissues as is often assumed. This study used radioactively labelled solution ((99m)Tc-pertechnetate) administered as a deep dermal injection in the forearm. The rate of dispersal of isotope was measured over 60 min and found to be identical between six patients with EDS and three controls. The effects of local anaesthetics are complex and depend on the individual chemical properties of the agent and a number of tissue factors. This study would suggest that the lack of effectiveness of local anaesthetic solutions is not due to rapid dispersal of solution. It is unlikely therefore that its lack of effect can be compensated for by simply increasing the amount used. The diagnosis of EDS should be considered in any patient who complains unexpectedly of pain during their procedure, particularly when the surgeon knows that an adequate volume of local anaesthetic has been used.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK.
authors.forename: D W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Oliver
authors.forename: K K
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Balan
authors.forename: N P
authors.initials: NP
authors.lastname: Burrows
authors.forename: P N
authors.initials: PN
authors.lastname: Hall
mesh_terms: D000279:Administration, Cutaneous; D000328:Adult; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000592:standards; D003240:Connective Tissue Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D004535:Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011877:Radionuclide Imaging; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D013670:Sodium Pertechnetate Tc 99m
chemical_list: D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D013670:Sodium Pertechnetate Tc 99m