title: Alkaloid-fullerene systems through photocycloaddition reactions.
abstract: The photocycloaddition of tertiary amines to ¿60fullerene (C(60)) is an interesting and useful reaction. We wished to extend the applications of this type of reaction through an investigation of the photoaddition of alkaloids to C(60) for the purpose of synthesizing novel and complex photoadducts that are difficult to obtain by usual methods. Irradiation of tazettine (2) or gramine (3) with C(60) in toluene leads to formation of one monoadduct (6 or 7), whereas scandine (1a) or 10-hydroxyscandine (1b) reacts with C(60) photochemically to give two products, the expected ¿6,6 monoadduct (5a, 5b) and a new type of monoadduct with a bis-¿6, 6 closed structure (4a, 4b). These new structures were characterized by UV-vis, FT-IR, (1)H NMR, (13)C NMR, (1)H-(1)H COSY, ROESY, HMQC (heteronuclear multiple-quantum coherence), and HMBC (heteronuclear multiple-bond connectivity) spectroscopy. The techniques of time-of-flight secondary ion MS (TOF-SIMS) and field desorption MS (FD-MS) were used for the mass determination. (3)He NMR analysis of the product mixture from photoaddition of 1a to C(60) containing a (3)He atom ((3)He@C(60)) led to two peaks at -9.091 and -11.090 ppm relative to gaseous (3)He, consistent with formation of a ¿6, 6-closed monoadduct and a bis-¿6,6 closed adduct. Presumably, the bis-¿6, 6 closed adducts are formed by an intramolecular ¿2 + 2 cycloaddition of the vinyl group to the adjacent 6,6-ring junction of C(60) after the initial photocycloaddition.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, New York 10003, USA.
authors.forename: L W
authors.initials: LW
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: D W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: S H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: H M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Y J
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: S R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.forename: C F
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Richardson
authors.forename: D I
authors.initials: DI
authors.lastname: Schuster
mesh_terms: D000470:Alkaloids / Q000737:chemistry / Q000528:radiation effects*; D047151:Amaryllidaceae Alkaloids; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic / Q000737:chemistry / Q000528:radiation effects*; D002244:Carbon / Q000737:chemistry*; D037741:Fullerenes; D007202:Indicators and Reagents; D026121:Indole Alkaloids; D008968:Molecular Conformation; D015394:Molecular Structure; D010777:Photochemistry; D017319:Photosensitizing Agents / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000470:Alkaloids; D047151:Amaryllidaceae Alkaloids; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; D037741:Fullerenes; D007202:Indicators and Reagents; D026121:Indole Alkaloids; D017319:Photosensitizing Agents; D002244:Carbon; C011361:tazettine; C007884:gramine; C069837:fullerene C60