title: Ionizing radiation potentiates the induction of nitric oxide synthase by interferon-gamma and/or lipopolysaccharide in murine macrophage cell lines. Role of tumor necrosis factor-alpha.
abstract: Macrophages respond to infection or injury by changing from a "resting" cellular phenotype to an "activated" state defined by the expression of various cytotoxic effector functions. Regulation of the transition from a resting to an activated state is effected by cytokine and/or pathogenic signals. Some signals do not directly induce activation, but instead "prime" the macrophage to respond more vigorously to a second signal. One example of this priming phenomenon involves induction of nitric oxide (NO) synthesis by the enzyme nitric oxide synthase (NOS2). Our experiments indicate that low doses (1-5 Gy) of ionizing radiation can enhance the induction of enzymatically active NOS2 by IFN-gamma or LPS in J774.1 and RAW264.7 murine macrophage cell lines. Radiation alone did not produce this induction, rather, it was effective as a priming signal; cells exposed to radiation produced more NO when a second signal, either IFN-gamma or LPS, was applied 24 h later.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Pathophysiology and Toxicology, Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20889-5145, USA. mckinney@mx.afrri.usuhs.mil
authors.forename: L C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: McKinney
authors.forename: E M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Aquilla
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Coffin
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Wink
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Vodovotz
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D004790:Enzyme Induction; D005720:Gamma Rays; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008264:Macrophages / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000528:radiation effects*; D051379:Mice; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D007371:Interferon-gamma; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase