title: Temporal patterns of mediator release during developing cutaneous late-phase reactions.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Several inflammatory mediators have been found released in sites of cutaneous late phase reactions (LPR). However, the temporal pattern of their release during LPR development has not been characterized.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Determine hourly accumulation of mediator release in comparison with gross and inflammatory cell responses during developing LPR.
  
  
  METHODS
  Skin chamber appended to sites of allergen and diluent control challenge with hourly collections. Then, study of exuding leucocytes in chamber bases.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the allergen-challenged sites, histamine release peaked in the first hour, then low level release over the next 5 h. Lactoferrin release from neutrophils started by the second hour, likely associated with released IL-8. Eosinophil cationic protein levels started increasing slightly later. The percentage of exuding leucocytes which were activated was significantly higher in the allergen challenge sites than in the control challenge sites
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Both gross LPR and local inflammatory cell responses in the skin start soon after the immediate mast cell activation in IgE-mediated responses. Such inflammatory responses include leucocyte activation and mediator release.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Immunology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zweiman
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Von Allmen
mesh_terms: D001798:Blood Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D047091:Eosinophil Granule Proteins; D004804:Eosinophils / Q000276:immunology; D006636:Histamine Release; D006801:Humans; D006968:Hypersensitivity, Delayed / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000378:metabolism*; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000378:metabolism; D007781:Lactoferrin / Q000378:metabolism; D008407:Mast Cells / Q000276:immunology; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000276:immunology; D011058:Pollen / Q000009:adverse effects; D012260:Ribonucleases; D012867:Skin / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D012882:Skin Tests; D013997:Time Factors; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D001798:Blood Proteins; D047091:Eosinophil Granule Proteins; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D016209:Interleukin-8; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D012260:Ribonucleases; D007781:Lactoferrin