title: Distribution of hepatic venous blood in the total cavo-pulmonary connection: an in vitro study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this project was to quantify the effects of geometry on the distribution of hepatic blood to the lungs in patients with a total cavo-pulmonary connection. The basis for this work is the supposition that hepatic blood is necessary for proper lung function.
  
  
  METHODS
  Plastic models of these connections were made with varying degrees of offset between the inferior and superior vena cava and attached to an in vitro flow loop. Dye was injected into the inferior vena cava and its concentration quantified in each pulmonary artery. These data were converted to percentage concentration and distribution of hepatic blood to each lung.
  
  
  RESULTS
  With no offset between the vena cava, hepatic blood distribution and concentration to each lung was similar to normal. For an offset of one or more diameters, hepatic blood tended to flow preferentially towards the nearest pulmonary artery with the opposite pulmonary artery exhibiting a deficit (<10% of normal).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Distribution of hepatic blood to each lung was found to be a function of vena cava offset and pulmonary artery flow split. Under normal conditions, 60% of blood towards the right pulmonary artery, the hepatic blood distribution to both lungs could be maintained above 50% of normal if the inferior vena cava was offset towards the left pulmonary artery. Offsetting the inferior vena cava towards the right pulmonary artery jeopardized the delivery of hepatic blood to one lung.
authors.affiliation: School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Leeds, LS2 9JT, Leeds, UK. p.g.walker@leeds.ac.uk
authors.forename: P G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Walker
authors.forename: T T
authors.initials: TT
authors.lastname: Howe
authors.forename: R L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Davies
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fisher
authors.forename: K G
authors.initials: KG
authors.lastname: Watterson
mesh_terms: D001783:Blood Flow Velocity; D018610:Heart Bypass, Right / Q000379:methods*; D006330:Heart Defects, Congenital / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008102:Liver Circulation; D008953:Models, Anatomic; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014682:Vena Cava, Inferior / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery