title: Wastewater treatment with particulate biofilm reactors.
abstract: The review presented in this paper focuses on applications of particulate biofilm reactors (e.g. Upflow Sludge Blanket, Biofilm Fluidized Bed, Expanded Granular Sludge Blanket, Biofilm Airlift Suspension, Internal Circulation reactors). Several full-scale applications for municipal and industrial wastewater treatment are presented and illustrated, and their most important design and operation aspects (e.g. biofilm formation, hydrodynamics, mass transfer, mixing) are analysed and discussed. It is clear from the review that this technology can be considered a grown up technology for which good design and scale-up guidelines are available.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Technology, The University of Reading, P.O. Box 226, RG6 6AP, Reading, UK. c.nicolella@afnovell.reading.ac.uk
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Nicolella
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: van Loosdrecht
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Heijnen
mesh_terms: D018441:Biofilms; D019149:Bioreactors / Q000382:microbiology*; D007220:Industrial Waste; D010316:Particle Size; D014865:Waste Disposal, Fluid / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D014871:Water Microbiology; D018508:Water Purification / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D007220:Industrial Waste