title: Oxidative stress in ischemia-reperfusion injury: assessment by three independent biochemical markers.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Oxidative stress plays a key role in ischemia-reperfusion injury, causing peroxidation of tissue lipids and proteins. However, it is debated whether brief ischemic episodes are sufficient to cause detectable oxidative stress in humans, since biochemical markers used so far in the setting of percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) gave conflicting results.
  
  
  METHODS
  We determined lipid hydroperoxides (ROOHs), conjugated dienes (CD) and total radical-trapping antioxidant capacity (TRAP), three different independent markers of oxidative stress, in aortic and great cardiac vein blood of 5 patients undergoing PTCA before a single balloon inflation lasting 115 +/- 38 s (t0), and 1 min (t1), 5 min (t5), 15 min (t15) after balloon deflation (Group 1). ROOHs and CD were also determined in aortic and great cardiac vein blood of 5 patients with mitral valve disease (Group 2).
  
  
  RESULTS
  In Group 1, great cardiac vein levels of ROOHs and CD at t1 increased by 219% and 79%, respectively, compared to t0 (p < 0.01); this sharp and consistent increase persisted up to t15 (+189% and +63%, respectively, compared to t0; p < 0.01). Great cardiac vein levels of TRAP were significantly lower than aortic levels at t0, and exhibited a further decrease at tl. No significant differences in aortic and great cardiac vein levels of ROOHs and CD at t0 were observed between Group 1 and Group 2.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The three methods we used showed a remarkable sensitivity for the detection of post-ischemic reperfusion injury in cardiac venous blood and may be useful for detecting small foci of ischemia-reperfusion injury in microvascular angina.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Cardiology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy. s-rigattieri@iol.it
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rigattieri
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Buffon
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Ramazzotti
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mordente
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Crea
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Maseri
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Giardina
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Santini
mesh_terms: D015906:Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000032:analysis; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000628:therapy; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D006801:Humans; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation; D015428:Myocardial Reperfusion Injury / Q000097:blood*; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000502:physiology; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants