title: Expression of TGF-beta isoforms, TGF-beta receptors, and SMAD molecules at different stages of human glioma.
abstract: Human gliomas express TGF-beta but, so far the expression of downstream mediators has been investigated in only a few cell lines. We have examined tissue specimens of 23 gliomas: 3 astrocytomas grade II (AST), 8 anaplastic astrocytomas grade III (AAST), and 12 glioblastoma multiforme grade IV (GBM). We analyzed the mRNA expression of TGF-beta1, TGF-beta2, TGF-beta3, the TGF-beta receptors type I (TbetaR-I) and type II (TbetaR-II), Smad2, Smad3, and Smad4. mRNA expression of IL-10 and CD95 (FAS/APO-1) were also studied. We detected increased mRNA levels of the 3 TGF-beta isoforms, correlating with the degree of malignancy. TGF-beta3 mRNA was increased, particularly in AST and AAST, while TGF-beta1 and TGF-beta2 mRNAs were strongly expressed in GBM. TGF-beta normally up-regulates the TGF-beta receptors, and TbetaR-I and TbetaR-II showed stronger expression in all gliomas when compared to normal tissues. However, the mRNA expression of Smad2, Smad3, and Smad4 was decreased in GBM. IL-10 mRNA expression was detected in glioma tissues but not in glioma cell lines. No marked increase in the expression of soluble CD95 splicing variants was found in the gliomas compared with normal tissue. However, total CD95 mRNA was elevated among GBM tissues.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Section of Tumor Immunology, University of Lund, Lund, Sweden.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kjellman
authors.forename: S P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Olofsson
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Hansson
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Von Schantz
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lindvall
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Nilsson
authors.forename: L G
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Salford
authors.forename: H O
authors.initials: HO
authors.lastname: Sjögren
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Widegren
mesh_terms: D030201:Activin Receptors, Type I; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001254:Astrocytoma / Q000378:metabolism; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism*; D018076:DNA, Complementary / Q000378:metabolism; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D005909:Glioblastoma / Q000378:metabolism; D005910:Glioma / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020033:Protein Isoforms; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000096:biosynthesis; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D000077293:Receptor, Transforming Growth Factor-beta Type I; D000077294:Receptor, Transforming Growth Factor-beta Type II; D018125:Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D015398:Signal Transduction; D051899:Smad2 Protein; D051900:Smad3 Protein; D051901:Smad4 Protein; D015534:Trans-Activators / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000737:chemistry*; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D019014:fas Receptor / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D018076:DNA, Complementary; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D020033:Protein Isoforms; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D018125:Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta; C497782:SMAD2 protein, human; C497790:SMAD3 protein, human; C497796:SMAD4 protein, human; D051899:Smad2 Protein; D051900:Smad3 Protein; D051901:Smad4 Protein; D015534:Trans-Activators; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D019014:fas Receptor; D016753:Interleukin-10; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D030201:Activin Receptors, Type I; D000077293:Receptor, Transforming Growth Factor-beta Type I; D000077294:Receptor, Transforming Growth Factor-beta Type II