title: Alkyl-polyacrylate esters are strong mucosal adjuvants.
abstract: Synthetic polymers were examined for their potency to enhance mucosal immune responses to inactivated antigens. Aqueous solutions of polyacrylic acid with a MW of 450 kDa (p[AA]) or an butyl-ester thereof with 16% esterification (Butyl16-p[AA]) plus antigen were administered twice intranasally in mice with a 2 week interval. The frequency of IgA-antibody secreting cells (ASCs) in lung cell suspensions was determined 1 week after the second immunisation. Both polymers significantly enhanced the IgA response against inactivated Newcastle disease virus (iNDV), inactivated influenza virus strain MRC-11 (iMRC-11), haemagglutinin/neuraminidase subunits of influenza virus strain A/Texas (HA/NA) and bovine serum albumin (BSA). Butyl16-p(AA) was significantly more effective than non-derivatised p(AA), cholera toxin B subunit (CTB) or liposomes. The factor of increase in IgA-ASCs varied from <10- to >100-fold and depended on the type of antigen, the dose of antigen and the adjuvant. Extremely high responses of about 10,000 IgA-ASCs per million lung cells were detected after immunisation with 5 microg HA/NA plus 50 microg Butyl16-p(AA). Intranasal immunisation with Butyl16-p(AA) resulted in high IgA responses, not only in the lungs, but also in the spleen and in high IgG responses in these organs. We concluded that alkyl-esters of polyacrylate are an interesting, novel category of mucosal adjuvants.
authors.affiliation: DLO-Institute for Animal Science and Health, Edelhertweg 15, P.O. Box 65, NL-8200 AB Lelystad, The Netherlands. l.a.t.hilgers@id.dlo.nl
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Hilgers
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ghenne
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Nicolas
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fochesato
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lejeune
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Boon
mesh_terms: D000180:Acrylic Resins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000281:Administration, Intranasal; D000818:Animals; D002772:Cholera Toxin / Q000276:immunology; D005260:Female; D007114:Immunization; D007071:Immunoglobulin A, Secretory / Q000096:biosynthesis; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000096:biosynthesis; D007252:Influenza Vaccines / Q000276:immunology; D008168:Lung / Q000276:immunology; D051379:Mice; D009522:Newcastle disease virus / Q000276:immunology; D013154:Spleen / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D000180:Acrylic Resins; D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D007071:Immunoglobulin A, Secretory; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D007252:Influenza Vaccines; C006903:carbopol 940; D002772:Cholera Toxin