title: Vacuum phenomenon in equine carpal, metacarpophalangeal and metatarsophalangeal joints.
abstract: In order to establish the incidence of vacuum phenomenon in horses' carpal, metacarpophalangeal and metatarsophalangeal joints, stress-flexed radiographs were made of normal joints, joints with known pathology and in anaesthetised horses with joints under traction. Focal intra-articular radiolucencies were identified in normal stress-flexed carpal, metacarpophalangeal and metatarsophalangeal joints. These radiolucencies can be confused with those associated with pathological conditions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, South Africa.
authors.forename: R D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Gottschalk
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Kirberger
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Fourie
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001175:Arthrography / Q000662:veterinary*; D002350:Carpus, Animal / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D006734:Horse Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006736:Horses / Q000502:physiology*; D015994:Incidence; D007592:Joint Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000662:veterinary*; D008297:Male; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D013643:Tarsus, Animal / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology; D014618:Vacuum