title: Neuronal and endothelial nitric oxide synthase expression in outer medulla of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat kidney.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Several investigations have shown that the renal medulla has a greater capacity to generate nitric oxide than the renal cortex. To further evaluate the changes of nitric oxide synthesis in the kidney, particularly in the outer medulla, in disorders involving fluid and electrolyte imbalances, we sought to determine renal nitric oxide synthase expression in the diabetic rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  We determined renal nitric oxide synthase mRNA and urinary nitrite/nitrate excretion in 12 normal and 12 streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction with Southern blot hybridization and with Griess reaction, respectively. Nitric oxide synthase immunoreactivity was detected by immunohistochemistry in four normal and four diabetic rats.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Neuronal and endothelial nitric oxide synthase mRNA were 3.5-fold and 1.8-fold increased in the outer medulla of 12 diabetic rats with no difference found in the cortex and inner medulla when compared with 12 normal rats. Urinary nitrite/nitrate excretion was significantly increased from the first week after diabetic induction. In normal rats, immunohistochemical studies showed positive neuronal and endothelial nitric oxide synthase immunostaining in almost all segments of renal tubules. Diabetic rats had the greatest enhancement of immunostaining for neuronal and endothelial nitric oxide synthase in the proximal straight tubule and medullary thick ascending limb.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results indicate that increases in neuronal and endothelial nitric oxide synthase synthesis in the kidney, particularly in the outer medulla, possibly play an important part in the adaptation of renal function to hyperglycaemia and hyperosmolality in diabetes.
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kaohsiung Medical University, Taiwan.
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.forename: F J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Lai
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Wen
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Hsiao
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Hsieh
authors.forename: T F
authors.initials: TF
authors.lastname: Tzeng
authors.forename: H C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: J Y
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Guh
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Tsai
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015139:Blotting, Southern; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000201:enzymology*; D015870:Gene Expression; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007679:Kidney Medulla / Q000201:enzymology*; D008297:Male; D009566:Nitrates / Q000652:urine; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000235:genetics*; D052248:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type I; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III; D009573:Nitrites / Q000652:urine; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
chemical_list: D009566:Nitrates; D009573:Nitrites; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D052248:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type I; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III; C496322:Nos1 protein, rat; C496316:Nos3 protein, rat