title: Effects of glucose and insulin levels on adipose tissue glucose measurement by microdialysis probes retained for three weeks in Type 1 diabetic patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  To evaluate the effects of acute hyperglycaemia and hyperinsulinaemia on adipose tissue glucose measurements by microdialysis probes inserted for a 3-week period.
  
  
  METHODS
  Microdialysis probes were implanted pairwise in abdominal adipose tissue in seven Type 1 diabetic patients and remained in situ during the complete study. Stepped hyperglycaemic hyperinsulinaemic clamps were performed at weekly intervals at which the probes were prepared for microdialysis. Adipose tissue glucose by microdialysis was compared to venous and capillary blood glucose concentrations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean time after which the acute rise in blood glucose was first detected was 11.3 min, which corresponds to the system delay of the microdialysis probe. The increase of the glucose concentration in dialysate was completed during the following 16 min. Hyperglycaemia and hyperinsulinaemia did not influence recovery compared to venous blood glucose concentrations, while recovery values compared to capillary blood glucose levels increased slightly under hyperinsulinaemic conditions (P<0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In Type 1 diabetic patients, recovery of glucose in adipose tissue compared to venous and capillary blood does not decrease during acute hyperglycaemia and hyperinsulinaemia. Although there is still a relevant time-delay to monitor a rise in blood glucose, these results show that microdialysis may offer an opportunity for future glucose monitoring over a prolonged time-period.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, University Hospital Groningen, PO Box 30.001, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Hullegie
authors.forename: H L
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Lutgers
authors.forename: R P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Dullaart
authors.forename: W J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Sluiter
authors.forename: K J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Wientjes
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Schoonen
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hoogenberg
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000098:blood supply / Q000378:metabolism*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D002196:Capillaries; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000517:prevention & control; D005260:Female; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D015309:Glucose Clamp Technique; D006801:Humans; D006943:Hyperglycemia / Q000097:blood / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000378:metabolism*; D006946:Hyperinsulinism / Q000097:blood / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D017551:Microdialysis; D008875:Middle Aged; D018670:Monitoring, Ambulatory / Q000379:methods*; D013997:Time Factors; D014680:Veins
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D005947:Glucose