title: Improved target system for production of high purity [18F]fluorine via the 18O(p,n)18F reaction.
abstract: An improved aluminium target system for production of elemental fluorine via the 18O(p,n)18F reaction using a two-step irradiation protocol is described. In the first step highly enriched gaseous oxygen-18 is irradiated with protons to form fluorine-18 which gets deposited on the inner target surface. In the second step, after cryogenic recovery of oxygen-18 target gas, a mixture of elemental 'cold' fluorine and krypton is introduced and a short proton irradiation is done, whereby an isotopic exchange between the gaseous fluorine and the deposited radiofluorine occurs. The second step leads to the recovery of the radiofluorine as [18F]fluorine. Optimisation studies were performed regarding the yield and specific radioactivity of [18F]fluorine. Furthermore, some irradiation parameters relevant to the recovery step were investigated. It was found that a 15 to 20 min irradiation with a beam current of 20 microA is sufficient for the isotopic exchange between the fluorine-carrier and the 18F-radioactivity deposited on the inner wall of the target. The distribution of the 18F-radioactivity deposited on the inner target surface is inhomogeneous, probably due to convection effects. Extensive radioanalytical techniques were applied to characterise the reactivity of [18F]fluorine and to identify undesired nonreactive 18F-compounds, mainly [18F]tetrafluoromethane and [18F]nitrogentrifluoride. The [18F]fluorine produced in the system used has the distinction of having a negligible contamination from those inert 18F-compounds. This is a combined effect of the use of highest purity gases and a welded target construction, which avoids any contact of the gases with organic material during irradiations. The target has proved to be very reliable for production of [18F]fluorine in high yields of up to 34 GBq and specific activities of 350-600 GBq/mmol, both at 30 min after end of activation bombardment.
authors.affiliation: Institut für Nuklearchemie, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Hess
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Blessing
authors.forename: H H
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Coenen
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Qaim
mesh_terms: D000535:Aluminum; D005462:Fluorine Radioisotopes / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D005740:Gases / Q000737:chemistry; D008722:Methods; D010103:Oxygen Isotopes / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D005462:Fluorine Radioisotopes; D005740:Gases; D010103:Oxygen Isotopes; D000535:Aluminum