Activation of TNF-alpha transcription utilizes distinct MAP kinase pathways in different macrophage populations.
Stimulation of macrophages by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) leads to the rapid activation of MAP kinases (MAPK) and the subsequent induction of cytokine gene expression. We sought to determine whether LPS-inducible cytokine genes were differentially regulated in macrophages derived from different tissues. Our studies revealed that PD98059, an inhibitor of the extracellular-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway, blocked LPS-induced activation of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) gene expression in a murine cell line derived from alveolar macrophages but not in a nonpulmonary macrophage cell line. These findings were confirmed using primary murine alveolar and peritoneal macrophages. This suggests that the TNF-alpha promoter contains MAPK-dependent and -independent regulatory elements that are used in a cell type-specific manner. We also found that differences in MAPK-regulated signaling were not mediated by NF-KB, LITAF, Egr-1, CREB, or ATF2/ c-Jun. Together, these studies demonstrate that transcriptional activation of the TNF-alpha gene requires the ERK signaling cascade in selected macrophage populations.
Means
T K
TK
Department of Pathology, Boston University School of Medicine, Massachusetts, USA.
Pavlovich
R P
RP
Roca
D
D
Vermeulen
M W
MW
Fenton
M J
MJ
D051698:Activating Transcription Factor 2; D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D017362:Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D051766:Early Growth Response Protein 1; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000494:pharmacology; D017874:Immediate-Early Proteins; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology; D048369:MAP Kinase Kinase 1; D020935:MAP Kinase Signaling System; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D016676:Macrophages, Alveolar / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D017737:Macrophages, Peritoneal / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D020929:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D016755:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-jun / Q000378:metabolism; D012315:RNA Caps; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis; D020218:Response Elements; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism; D014158:Transcription, Genetic / Q000187:drug effects; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism
D051698:Activating Transcription Factor 2; C497106:Atf2 protein, mouse; D017362:Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D051766:Early Growth Response Protein 1; C486109:Egr1 protein, mouse; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D005419:Flavonoids; D017874:Immediate-Early Proteins; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D016328:NF-kappa B; D016755:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-jun; D012315:RNA Caps; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D014157:Transcription Factors; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D048369:MAP Kinase Kinase 1; C482125:MAP2K1 protein, human; C482127:Map2k1 protein, mouse; D020929:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases; C093973:2-(2-amino-3-methoxyphenyl)-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one