title: 4-1BB: still in the midst of darkness.
abstract: 4-1BB is a member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily. The receptor functions mainly as a costimulatory molecule in T lymphocytes. In addition, several lines of evidence have shown that interactions between 4-1BB and its ligand are involved in the antigen presentation process and the generation of cytotoxic T cells. Recent studies, however, have demonstrated that 4-1BB plays more diverse roles: Signals through 4-1BB are important for long-term survival of CD8+ T cells and the induction of helper T cell anergy. Clinically, there is great interest in 4-1BB, because T-cell activation induced by anti-4-1BB monoclonal antibodies is highly efficient in the eradication of established tumor cells in mice. Now, since mice deficient in 4-1BB or the 4-1BB ligand are available, subtle roles played by 4-1BB may be revealed in the near future.
authors.affiliation: The Immunomodulation Research Center, University of Ulsan, Korea.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kwon
authors.forename: C H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Moon
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.forename: S K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Seo
authors.forename: B S
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Kwon
mesh_terms: D053330:4-1BB Ligand; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D015703:Antigens, CD; D006801:Humans; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D017475:Receptors, Nerve Growth Factor / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D053261:Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor Superfamily, Member 9; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D053330:4-1BB Ligand; D015703:Antigens, CD; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D017475:Receptors, Nerve Growth Factor; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor; C505714:TNFRSF9 protein, human; C505974:TNFSF9 protein, human; C505715:Tnfrsf9 protein, mouse; C505975:Tnfsf9 protein, mouse; D053261:Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor Superfamily, Member 9; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha