title: Effect of the dry-cold season dormancy on the tonic and phasic neural control of heart rate in the toad, Bufo paracnemis.
abstract: This work examined basal heart rate and autonomic cardiac tone as well as sympathetic cardiac reactivity to hypotension induced by systemic nitroprusside injection in dormant toads (dry-cold season), Bufo paracnemis, comparing the values with those of toads collected during the active months (hot-rainy season). Autonomic tone was calculated according to the method of Lin and Horwath ('72), which allows its evaluation as a percentage of intrinsic heart rate. Specimens were maintained in an outdoors terrarium except for the week preceding surgery, when they were transferred to indoor nonclimatized tanks. The heart rate of dormant toads (27.8 +/- 2.7 beats/min) was lower than that of active toads at rest (38.6 +/- 2. 3). Cholinergic tone was higher than adrenergic tone both in active (26.2% and 7.8%, respectively) and aestivated (19.5% and 4.8%, respectively) animals. Thus, cholinergic tone and adrenergic tone were both lower in dormant animals. The reflex tachycardia elicited by nitroprusside-induced hypotension was lower in aestivated toads (9.3 +/- 0.9 beats/min) when compared to active toads (19.9 +/- 1.0), indicating a reduced sympathetic reactivity. Nitroprusside-induced hypotensions were not different in the two groups. We conclude that at rest Bufo paracnemis heart is under the influence of a double cholinergic and adrenergic tone, and that both influences, as well as the reflex adrenergic reactivity to the unloading produced by nitroprusside-induced hypotension, are reduced in aestivated toads.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, School of Medicine of Ribeiråo Preto, University of Såo Paulo, 14.049-900 Ribeiråo Preto, SP, Brazil. ahoffman@fmrp.usp.br
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hoffmann
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Romero
mesh_terms: D000320:Adrenergic Fibers / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D000818:Animals; D001340:Autonomic Nerve Block; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D002025:Bufonidae / Q000502:physiology*; D002799:Cholinergic Fibers / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D004562:Electrocardiography / Q000187:drug effects; D006321:Heart / Q000187:drug effects / Q000294:innervation / Q000502:physiology*; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D007022:Hypotension / Q000139:chemically induced; D009407:Nerve Block; D009599:Nitroprusside / Q000494:pharmacology; D010646:Phentolamine; D011433:Propranolol; D012621:Seasons; D014326:Tropanes
chemical_list: D014326:Tropanes; D009599:Nitroprusside; C056244:homatropine methylbromide; D011433:Propranolol; D010646:Phentolamine