title: Radiomodfication of xanthine oxidoreductase system in the liver of mice by phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride and dithiothreitol.
abstract: The widely distributed xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) system has been shown to be modulated upon exposure of animals to ionizing radiation through the conversion of xanthine dehydrogenase (XDH) into xanthine oxidase (XO). In the present work, radiomodification of the XOR system by phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride (PMSF) and dithiothreitol (DTT) was examined using female Swiss albino mice which were irradiated with gamma rays at a dose rate 0.023 Gy s(-1). PMSF, a serine protease inhibitor, and DTT, the sulfhydryl reagent, were administered intraperitoneally prior to irradiation. The specific activities of XDH and XO as well as the XDH/XO ratio and the total activity (XDH+XO) were determined in the liver of the mice. The inhibition of XO activity, restoration of XDH activity, and increase in the XDH/XO ratio upon administration of PMSF were suggestive of irreversible conversion of XDH into XO mediated through serine proteases. The biochemical events required for the conversion were probably initiated during the early phase of irradiation, as the treatment with PMSF immediately after irradiation did not have a modulatory effect. Interestingly, DTT was not effective in modulating radiation-induced changes in the XOR system or oxidative damage in the liver of mice. The DTT treatment resulted in inhibition of the release of lactate dehydrogenase. However, the protection appears to be unrelated to the formation of TBARS. On the other hand, the presence of PMSF during irradiation inhibited radiation-induced oxidative damage and radiation-induced increases in the specific activity of lactate dehydrogenase. These findings suggest that a major effect of ionizing radiation is irreversible conversion of xanthine to xanthine oxidase.
authors.affiliation: Free Radical Biology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi-110 067, India.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Srivastava
authors.forename: R K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Kale
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004229:Dithiothreitol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D005609:Free Radicals / Q000378:metabolism; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase / Q000378:metabolism; D008099:Liver / Q000201:enzymology / Q000528:radiation effects*; D051379:Mice; D008861:Microsomes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D010664:Phenylmethylsulfonyl Fluoride / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014968:Xanthine Dehydrogenase / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000528:radiation effects*; D014969:Xanthine Oxidase / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000528:radiation effects*
chemical_list: D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D005609:Free Radicals; D010664:Phenylmethylsulfonyl Fluoride; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; D014968:Xanthine Dehydrogenase; D014969:Xanthine Oxidase; D005978:Glutathione; D004229:Dithiothreitol