title: Endocytosis of a chimera between human pro-urokinase and the plant toxin saporin: an unusual internalization mechanism.
abstract: A fluorescent derivative of a chimeric toxin between human pro-urokinase and the plant ribosome-inactivating protein saporin (p-uPA-Sap(TRITC)), has been prepared in order to study the endocytosis of this potentially antimetastatic conjugate in the murine model cell line LB6 clone19 (Cl19) transfected with the human urokinase receptor gene. The physiological internalization of urokinase-inhibitor complexes is triggered by the interaction of plasminogen inhibitors (PAIs) with receptors belonging to the low density lipoprotein-related receptor protein (LRP) family, and involves a macro-quaternary structure including uPAR, LRP, and PAIs. However, in contrast to this mechanism, we observed a two-step process: first, the urokinase receptor (uPAR) acts as the anchoring factor on the plasma membrane; subsequently, LRP acts as the endocytic trigger. Once the chimera is bound to the plasma membrane by interaction with uPAR, we suggest that a possible exchange may occur to transfer the toxin to LRP via the saporin moiety and begin the internalization. So an unusual endocytic process is described, where the toxin enters the cell via a receptor different from that used to bind the plasma membrane.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemical Sciences 'A. Rossi Fanelli', University of Rome La Sapienza, Rome, Italy. rodolfo.ippoliti@uniroma1.it
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ippoliti
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lendaro
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Benedetti
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Torrisi
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Belleudi
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Carpani
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Soria
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Fabbrini
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016923:Cell Death / Q000187:drug effects; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000378:metabolism; D002746:Chlorpromazine / Q000494:pharmacology; D002999:Clone Cells; D004705:Endocytosis; D005372:Filipin / Q000494:pharmacology; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D000922:Immunotoxins; D026503:Low Density Lipoprotein Receptor-Related Protein-1; D051379:Mice; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D016253:Microscopy, Immunoelectron; D009699:N-Glycosyl Hydrolases; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000633:toxicity; D015849:Plasminogen Inactivators / Q000378:metabolism; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000378:metabolism; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic / Q000378:metabolism; D055293:Receptors, Urokinase Plasminogen Activator; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity; D054789:Ribosome Inactivating Proteins, Type 1; D000076985:Saporins; D014568:Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000633:toxicity
chemical_list: D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D000922:Immunotoxins; D026503:Low Density Lipoprotein Receptor-Related Protein-1; C524898:PLAUR protein, human; D010940:Plant Proteins; D015849:Plasminogen Inactivators; C524899:Plaur protein, mouse; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic; D055293:Receptors, Urokinase Plasminogen Activator; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D054789:Ribosome Inactivating Proteins, Type 1; D005372:Filipin; D009699:N-Glycosyl Hydrolases; D000076985:Saporins; D014568:Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator; D002746:Chlorpromazine; C067551:saruplase