title: Indicators of loco-regional recurrence in breast cancer. The South East Swedish Breast Cancer Group.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the investigation was to contribute to the identification of patients who have increased or decreased risk of loco-regional recurrence.
  
  
  METHODS
  Six hundred and twenty-nine consecutive patients with primary breast cancer diagnosed between 1988 and 1990 were studied. Two-thirds of the patients underwent mastectomy. Radiotherapy was administered if patients were node positive or breast conserved. The Nottingham histological grading protocol was used and presence of lymphovascular invasion was assessed. Investigated parameters were: age, size, grade, steroid receptor content, surgical radicality, vascular invasion and nodal status. Statistically significant risk factors for loco-regional recurrence using univariate or Cox proportional hazard analysis were grade and lymphovascular invasion.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Women with grade 1-2, node-negative tumours without vascular invasion had a very low loco-regional recurrence rate-3.1%. Seventeen percent of patients with grade 3 tumours and vessel invasion had loco-regional recurrence.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings, and those of others, indicate that the use of adjuvant radiotherapy should be influenced to a greater extent by grade and lymphovascular invasion.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, County Hospital, Kalmar, Sweden.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sundquist
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Thorstenson
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Klintenberg
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Brudin
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Nordenskjöld
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008408:Mastectomy / Q000379:methods; D008875:Middle Aged; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011379:Prognosis; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D018714:Radiotherapy, Adjuvant; D012306:Risk; D019043:Vascular Neoplasms / Q000556:secondary
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor