title: Long-term immunological response in HIV-1-infected subjects receiving potent antiretroviral therapy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the long-term T-lymphocyte response to highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) and to define predictors of the immunological response.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cohort study, including 135 HIV-1-infected subjects at a city general practice who commenced HAART between 1996 and 1998.
  
  
  METHODS
  Collection of plasma HIV-1 RNA, CD4+ and CD8+ T-lymphocyte data at 3-6 monthly time intervals over 2 years.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seventy-three subjects (54%) achieved suppression of plasma HIV-1 RNA to levels below 400 copies/ml during the observation period, 31 individuals (23%) had detectable plasma HIV-1 RNA below 10,000 copies/ml and 31 subjects (23%) had virological failures with viral loads above 10,000 copies/mL. Median CD4+ T lymphocytes increased from 246 to 463 x 10(6) cells/l, showing a median rise of 20 x 10(6) cells/l per month in the first 3 months and 7 x 10(6) cells/l per month thereafter. The proportion of individuals who reached CD4+ cell counts above 500 x 10(6) cells/l increased from 8% at baseline to 54% at 2 years. Treatment-naïve individuals, subjects with a large reduction of HIV-1 RNA or a large early CD8+ increase had better early CD4+ responses. Long-term CD4+ T-cell increases were inversely correlated with mean plasma HIV-1 RNA levels. Baseline CD4+ T-cell count was the most important determinant of reaching CD4+ cell counts above 500 x 10(6) cells/l. Nineteen per cent of subjects had no further CD4+ T-cell increases in the second year of therapy despite undetectable viral load.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Immune reconstitution is a slow process, showing a large individual variability. The virological response to HAART was the most important determinant of the immunological short- and long-term response.
authors.affiliation: National Centre in HIV Epidemiology and Clinical Research, St. Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. gkaufmann@nchecr.unsw.edu.au
authors.forename: G R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Kaufmann
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bloch
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Zaunders
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Cooper
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D023241:Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; D018791:CD4 Lymphocyte Count; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D018414:CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D015331:Cohort Studies; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology* / Q000821:virology; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000097:blood; D018894:Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D019562:Viral Load
chemical_list: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents; D012367:RNA, Viral; D018894:Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors