title: In obese individuals dexfenfluramine corrects molecular derangements reflecting insulin resistance.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Circulating lymphocytes of obese individuals with and without type 2 diabetes have derangements of pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) that are described as reflecting a disorder underlying systemic insulin resistance, namely basal activity below normal and, in vitro, unresponsiveness to insulin at 33 pmol/l and activation at 330 pmol/l instead of activation and inhibition as in controls.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To explore whether the above enzyme derangements are overcome in obese individuals on dexfenfluramine treatment, known to improve poor peripheral insulin sensitivity.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifteen obese diabetic patients and 15 age-matched euglycaemic obese subjects with normal glucose tolerance were enrolled for a trial composed of two 21-day periods; in the first (D-21-D0), participants received a placebo, and in the second (D0-D21), dexfenfluramine (30 mg/day). At D-21, D0 and D21 participants were evaluated for weight, BMI, fasting glycaemia (FG), fasting insulinaemia (FI), fasting insulin resistance index (FIRI), area under the glycaemic (G-AUC) and insulinaemic (I-AUC) curves from an OGT test, and for PDH activity assayed in their circulating lymphocytes before (basal activity) and after incubation with 33 or 330 pmol/l insulin. At D2, basal PDH activity and clinical parameters were assayed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In both groups of participants at D0 all parameters tested were constant with respect to D-21; at D2, only basal PDH activity rose significantly; at D21, basal and insulin stimulated PDH activities were normalized and weight decreased significantly, as did FG, FI, FIRI and G-AUC in the diabetic, and FI, FIRI, G-AUC and I-AUC in the non-diabetic participants.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In obese, non-diabetic and diabetic individuals on dexfenfluramine treatment, amelioration of clinical parameters and indexes of poor insulin sensitivity of blood glucose homeostasis are preceded by correction, in their circulating lymphocytes, of PDH derangements described as reflecting a disorder underlying insulin resistance.
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Medicine and Oncology, Section of Biochemistry, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Piccinini
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Rabbone
authors.forename: R F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Novi
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Alberto
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mostert
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Musso
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vai
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gamba
authors.forename: M T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Rinaudo
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D015992:Body Mass Index; D020372:Dexfenfluramine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000201:enzymology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy*; D010919:Placebos; D011768:Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex / Q000097:blood*; D015431:Weight Loss
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D007328:Insulin; D010919:Placebos; D011768:Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex; D020372:Dexfenfluramine