title: Inhibition of metastatic renal cell carcinomas expressing somatostatin receptors by a targeted cytotoxic analogue of somatostatin AN-238.
abstract: The effectiveness of chemotherapy targeted to somatostatin (SST) receptors based on cytotoxic SST analogue AN-238, consisting of 2-pyrrolinodoxorubicin (AN-201) linked to SST carrier octapeptide, was investigated in human renal cell carcinomas (RCCs). SST receptors, which showed high-affinity binding for AN-238, were found in the SW-839 RCC line with sst2A subtype and in the 786-0 RCC line, which expressed the sst5 subtype. CAKI-1 RCC, which does not express sst2A or sst5, was used as a negative control for testing the specificity of SST receptor targeting. Using microsatellite analysis, AN-238 was shown to selectively inhibit the proliferation of 786-0 line, but not the CAKI-1 RCC line in vitro. The effects of three i.v. injections of 150 nmol/kg of AN-238 or AN-201, given on days 1, 8, and 21, were evaluated in groups of nude mice bearing s.c. xenografts of SW-839 and 786-0 RCC. After 5 weeks, the volumes of SW-839 and 786-0 RCC tumors were decreased by 67.2 (P < 0.05) and 78.3% (P < 0.01), respectively, whereas AN-201 had no significant effect on tumor growth. The inhibition of SST receptor-negative CAKI-1 tumors by AN-238 was only marginal. To investigate the efficacy of SST receptor-targeted chemotherapy in metastatic RCC, three i.v. injections of AN-238 or AN-201 at 150 nmol/kg were given at biweekly intervals to nude mice implanted with 786-0 tumors under the renal capsule. After 6 weeks, the weight of orthotopic tumors treated with AN-238 (55.3 +/- 44.3 mg) was significantly lower (87% reduction; P < 0.001) than that in the control group (414.2 +/- 41.0 mg) or in animals given AN-201 (270.2 +/- 603 mg; P < 0.05). Five of six animals (83%), both in the control and the AN-201 group, developed metastases to lymph nodes, but only one of seven mice (14%) given AN-238 showed lymphatic spread. Lung metastases were found in 83% of controls and 50% of AN-201 treated animals, but none occurred in mice treated with AN-238. This study demonstrates that targeted cytotoxic SST analogue AN-238 provides an effective therapy for chemoresistant neoplasms such as RCC. Because most clinical RCCs express SST receptors, this treatment modality might be beneficial to patients with metastatic disease.
authors.affiliation: Endocrine, Polypeptide and Cancer Institute, Veterans Administration Medical Center, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112-1262, USA.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Plonowski
authors.forename: A V
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Schally
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nagy
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kiaris
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Hebert
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Halmos
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000903:Antibiotics, Antineoplastic / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D004317:Doxorubicin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000556:secondary; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D018895:Microsatellite Repeats; D009368:Neoplasm Transplantation; D011758:Pyrroles / Q000494:pharmacology; D017481:Receptors, Somatostatin / Q000378:metabolism*; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013997:Time Factors; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: C110845:AN 238; D000903:Antibiotics, Antineoplastic; D011758:Pyrroles; D017481:Receptors, Somatostatin; D004317:Doxorubicin