Maternal age and fetal loss: population based register linkage study.
OBJECTIVE
To estimate the association between maternal age and fetal death (spontaneous abortion, ectopic pregnancy, stillbirth), taking into account a woman's reproductive history.


METHODS
Prospective register linkage study.


METHODS
All women with a reproductive outcome (live birth, stillbirth, spontaneous abortion leading to admission to hospital, induced abortion, ectopic pregnancy, or hydatidiform mole) in Denmark from 1978 to 1992; a total of 634 272 women and 1 221 546 pregnancy outcomes.


METHODS
Age related risk of fetal loss, ectopic pregnancy, and stillbirth, and age related risk of spontaneous abortion stratified according to parity and previous spontaneous abortions.


RESULTS
Overall, 13.5% of the pregnancies intended to be carried to term ended with fetal loss. At age 42 years, more than half of such pregnancies resulted in fetal loss. The risk of a spontaneous abortion was 8.9% in women aged 20-24 years and 74.7% in those aged 45 years or more. High maternal age was a significant risk factor for spontaneous abortion irrespective of the number of previous miscarriages, parity, or calendar period. The risk of an ectopic pregnancy and stillbirth also increased with increasing maternal age.


CONCLUSIONS
Fetal loss is high in women in their late 30s or older, irrespective of reproductive history. This should be taken into consideration in pregnancy planning and counselling.
Nybo Andersen
A M
AM
Department of Epidemiology Research, Danish Epidemiology Science Centre, Statens Serum Institut, DK-2300 Copenhagen S, Denmark. any@ssi.dk
Wohlfahrt
J
J
Christens
P
P
Olsen
J
J
Melbye
M
M
D000022:Abortion, Spontaneous / Q000453:epidemiology*; D000328:Adult; D003718:Denmark / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D005313:Fetal Death / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006801:Humans; D008423:Maternal Age; D008875:Middle Aged; D011247:Pregnancy; D011271:Pregnancy, Ectopic / Q000453:epidemiology*; D018566:Pregnancy, High-Risk; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012042:Registries; D012307:Risk Factors