title: The ancestry of Brazilian mtDNA lineages.
abstract: We have analyzed 247 Brazilian mtDNAs for hypervariable segment (HVS)-I and selected restriction fragment-length-polymorphism sites, to assess their ancestry in different continents. The total sample showed nearly equal amounts of Native American, African, and European matrilineal genetic contribution but with regional differences within Brazil. The mtDNA pool of present-day Brazilians clearly reflects the imprints of the early Portuguese colonization process (involving directional mating), as well as the recent immigrant waves (from Europe) of the last century. The subset of 99 mtDNAs from the southeastern region encompasses nearly all mtDNA haplogroups observed in the total Brazilian sample; for this regional subset, HVS-II was analyzed, providing, in particular, some novel details of the African mtDNA phylogeny.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte-MG, Brazil.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Alves-Silva
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: da Silva Santos
authors.forename: P E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Guimarães
authors.forename: A C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Ferreira
authors.forename: H J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Bandelt
authors.forename: S D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Pena
authors.forename: V F
authors.initials: VF
authors.lastname: Prado
mesh_terms: D000349:Africa / Q000208:ethnology; D001208:Asia / Q000208:ethnology; D001938:Brazil; D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics*; D005060:Europe / Q000208:ethnology; D005220:Fathers; D005260:Female; D005787:Gene Frequency / Q000235:genetics; D005788:Gene Pool; D005843:Geography; D006239:Haplotypes / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D007199:Indians, South American / Q000235:genetics; D008297:Male; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009035:Mothers; D010802:Phylogeny; D012150:Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length; D012045:Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid / Q000235:genetics*; D044465:White People / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial