title: Activation of antigen-specific CD4+ Th2 cells and B cells in vivo increases norepinephrine release in the spleen and bone marrow.
abstract: The neurotransmitter norepinephrine (NE) binds to the beta 2-adrenergic receptor (beta 2AR) expressed on various immune cells to influence cell homing, proliferation, and function. Previous reports showed that NE stimulation of the B cell beta 2AR is necessary for the maintenance of an optimal primary and secondary Th2 cell-dependent Ab response in vivo. In the present study we investigated the mechanism by which activation of Ag-specific CD4+ Th2 cells and B cells in vivo by a soluble protein Ag increases NE release in the spleen and bone marrow. Our model system used scid mice that were reconstituted with a clone of keyhole limpet hemocyanin-specific Th2 cells and trinitrophenyl-specific B cells. Following immunization, the rate of NE release in the spleen and bone marrow was determined using [3H]NE turnover analysis. Immunization of reconstituted scid mice with a cognate Ag increased the rate of NE release in the spleen and bone marrow 18-25 h, but not 1-8 h, following immunization. In contrast, immunization of mice with a noncognate Ag had no effect on the rate of NE release at any time. The cognate Ag-induced increase in NE release was partially blocked by ganglionic blockade with chlorisondamine, suggesting a role for both pre- and postganglionic signals in regulating NE release. Thus, activation of Ag-specific Th2 cells and B cells in vivo by a soluble protein Ag increases the rate of NE release and turnover in the spleen and bone marrow 18-25 h after immunization.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell Biology, The Burn and Shock Trauma Institute, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL 60153, USA.
authors.forename: A P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Kohm
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tang2
authors.forename: V M
authors.initials: VM
authors.lastname: Sanders
authors.forename: S B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Jones3
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000941:Antigens / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology; D001402:B-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D001853:Bone Marrow / Q000276:immunology / Q000294:innervation / Q000378:metabolism*; D002714:Chlorisondamine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D018984:Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte / Q000276:immunology*; D005260:Female; D005728:Ganglia, Sympathetic / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D005730:Ganglionic Blockers / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006241:Haptens; D006433:Hemocyanins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology; D007114:Immunization; D007274:Injections, Intraperitoneal; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation / Q000276:immunology*; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D016513:Mice, SCID; D009638:Norepinephrine / Q000378:metabolism*; D012995:Solubility; D013154:Spleen / Q000276:immunology / Q000294:innervation / Q000378:metabolism*; D018418:Th2 Cells / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D000941:Antigens; D018984:Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte; D005730:Ganglionic Blockers; D006241:Haptens; C054401:trinitrophenyl keyhole limpet hemocyanin; D006433:Hemocyanins; D002714:Chlorisondamine; D009638:Norepinephrine