title: Adenosine A(1) receptor activation induces delayed preconditioning in rats mediated by manganese superoxide dismutase.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We have previously described a second window of protection against infarction in rabbits 24 to 72 hours after adenosine A(1) receptor (A(1)R) activation. In this study, we examined the potential role of the mitochondrial antioxidant manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD) as a potential end effector in mediating this protection.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Rats were treated with an intravenous bolus of the A(1)R agonist 2-chloro-N(6)-cyclopentyladenosine (CCPA, 75 microg/kg) or saline vehicle. They were also given a 5 mg/kg IV infusion of a 22-mer phosphorothioate oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN) with sequence antisense to the initiation site of rat Mn-SOD mRNA. Sense ODN and scrambled ODN were used as controls. Twenty-four hours later, hearts were isolated and perfused with buffer at constant pressure and subjected to 35 minutes of regional ischemia and 2 hours of reperfusion. Treatment with CCPA compared with saline vehicle (control) significantly reduced infarct size, expressed as percentage of myocardium at risk (22.3+/-3.3% versus 42.1+/-3.8%, respectively; P=0.001). This protection was completely abolished by prior treatment with antisense ODN, which had no effect on its own. Neither sense ODN nor scrambled ODN had an effect on the CCPA-induced delayed cardioprotection. In separate animals, 24 hours after the same treatment, hearts were assayed for Mn-SOD content and activity. CCPA treatment induced a significant increase in myocardial Mn-SOD content and activity compared with the control condition; this increase was abolished by pretreatment with antisense ODN.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This is the first study to show that transient A(1)R activation induces delayed cardioprotection in the rat. These results strongly suggest an important role for mitochondrial Mn-SOD as a potential end effector of this protection.
authors.affiliation: Hatter Institute and Centre for Cardiology, University College London Hospitals and Medical School, London, UK.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dana
authors.forename: A K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Jonassen
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yamashita
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Yellon
mesh_terms: D000241:Adenosine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D001158:Arteries; D003326:Coronary Circulation / Q000187:drug effects; D003331:Coronary Vessels; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000187:drug effects; D019157:Ischemic Preconditioning, Myocardial; D008026:Ligation; D008297:Male; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology; D009206:Myocardium / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism; D016376:Oligonucleotides, Antisense / Q000494:pharmacology; D058906:Purinergic P1 Receptor Agonists; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D018047:Receptors, Purinergic P1 / Q000502:physiology*; D012307:Risk Factors; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D016376:Oligonucleotides, Antisense; D058906:Purinergic P1 Receptor Agonists; D018047:Receptors, Purinergic P1; C058394:2-chloro-N(6)cyclopentyladenosine; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D000241:Adenosine