title: Oxidant stress in rat liver after lipopolysaccharide administration: effect of inducible nitric-oxide synthase inhibition.
abstract: The role of inducible nitric-oxide synthase (iNOS) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced hepatic oxidant stress was evaluated using the iNOS inhibitor L-iminoethyl-lysine (L-NIL). Male rats were divided into three groups. One group received LPS (Salmonella minnesota) 2 mg/kg i.v. A second group received LPS plus L-NIL (3 mg/kg i.p.) at the time of LPS administration followed by a second dose 3 h later. A third group received saline i.v. At 6 h, blood and liver tissue were collected. Serum nitrate/nitrite (metabolic products of nitric oxide) levels were increased from 5.4 +/- 1.5 nmol/ml in the saline group to 360 +/- 48 nmol/ml in the LPS group (n = 5). Values for the LPS + L-NIL group were significantly reduced to 35 +/- 7 nmol/ml. Tissue malondialdehyde levels were increased from 0.20 +/- 0.02 nmol/mg (n = 4) in the saline group to 0.41 +/- 0.03 nmol/mg (n = 4) in the LPS group. L-NIL significantly reduced the values in the LPS group to 0.29 +/- 0.02 nmol/mg (n = 4). 4-Hydroxynonenal-protein adducts levels were increased 3.6-fold by LPS treatment as compared with saline. L-NIL significantly reversed the levels to 1.6-fold (n = 4). Intracellular GSH levels were decreased from 8.49 +/- 0.64 nmol/mg (n = 4) in the saline group to 5.63 +/- 0.51 nmol/mg in the LPS group (n = 7). L-NIL significantly increased the levels in the LPS group to 7.04 +/- 0.46 nmol/mg (n = 7). These data indicate that LPS-induced nitric oxide generation can result in oxidant stress in the liver, and that inhibitors of iNOS may offer some protection in LPS-induced hepatic toxicity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock 72205, USA.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Walker
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Hinson
authors.forename: P R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Mayeux
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015153:Blotting, Western; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000633:toxicity*; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D009566:Nitrates / Q000378:metabolism; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley
chemical_list: D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D009566:Nitrates; C039642:peroxynitric acid; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; C496318:Nos2 protein, rat; D005978:Glutathione