title: Helicobacter canadensis sp. nov. isolated from humans with diarrhea as an example of an emerging pathogen.
abstract: We recently analyzed 11 helicobacter isolates cultured from diarrhea patients in Canada. These isolates had been characterized biochemically by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP; AluI, HhaI) analysis and by fatty-acid analysis as Helicobacter pullorum. However, four of the isolates differed biochemically from H. pullorum by their inability to hydrolyze indoxyl acetate and their resistance to nalidixic acid. Using complete 16S rRNA analysis, we determined that these four strains clustered near H. pullorum but had a sequence difference of 2% and therefore represent a novel helicobacter, Helicobacter canadensis. This novel helicobacter could also be distinguished from H. pullorum by RFLP analysis using ApaLI. The number of novel Helicobacter spp. associated with gastrointestinal disease in humans and animals is rapidly increasing. There are now six Helicobacter spp. isolated from diarrheic humans, the other five being H. pullorum, H. canis, "H. rappini," H. fennelliae, and H. cinaedi. This finding highlights the importance of careful molecular analysis in addition to standard biochemical tests in identifying the increasing number of Helicobacter spp. isolated from humans and animals.
authors.affiliation: Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA. jgfox@mit.edu
authors.forename: J G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Fox
authors.forename: C C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Chien
authors.forename: F E
authors.initials: FE
authors.lastname: Dewhirst
authors.forename: B J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Paster
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.forename: P L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Melito
authors.forename: D L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Woodward
authors.forename: F G
authors.initials: FG
authors.lastname: Rodgers
mesh_terms: D015373:Bacterial Typing Techniques; D003967:Diarrhea / Q000382:microbiology*; D020459:Genes, rRNA; D016998:Helicobacter / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D016481:Helicobacter Infections / Q000382:microbiology*; D006801:Humans; D007211:Indoles / Q000378:metabolism; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010641:Phenotype; D010802:Phylogeny; D012150:Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000235:genetics; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA
chemical_list: D007211:Indoles; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; C053640:indoxyl acetate