title: Relationship between the effect of carbon dioxide inhalation or nilvadipine on orbital blood flow in normal-tension glaucoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the relationship between the effect of carbon dioxide (CO2) inhalation or oral nilvadipine, a calcium-channel blocker, on orbital blood flow in patients with normal-tension glaucoma, as determined by color Doppler imaging.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixteen patients with normal-tension glaucoma (mean age, 55.6+/-9.8 years; male:female ratio, 3:13) underwent color Doppler imaging to measure the resistance index, and peak systolic and end-diastolic blood flow velocities of the ophthalmic artery, central retinal artery, and nasal and temporal short posterior ciliary arteries. Measurements were taken before and during CO2 supplementation sufficient to increase the end-tidal CO2 partial pressure by 10%. The color Doppler imaging measurements were repeated after 2 to 4 weeks of treatment with 2 mg oral nilvadipine, and comparisons were made between the effects of the two treatments.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both CO2 inhalation and nilvadipine treatment significantly reduced the resistance index in the central retinal artery, nasal short posterior ciliary artery, and temporal short posterior ciliary artery. There was a significant correlation between the effects of the two treatments on the difference in the resistance indexes of the ophthalmic artery and central retinal artery, but not on those of the nasal or temporal short posterior ciliary artery.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Both CO2 inhalation and oral nilvadipine significantly reduce the resistance index measured by color Doppler imaging in orbital vessels. The effect of oral nilvadipine might be predicted by CO2 inhalation in patients with normal-tension glaucoma.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Gifu University School of Medicine, Japan.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Niwa
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Harris
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kagemann
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kawakami
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kitazawa
mesh_terms: D000280:Administration, Inhalation; D000284:Administration, Oral; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity; D001794:Blood Pressure; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D019842:Ciliary Arteries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D005902:Glaucoma, Open-Angle / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009543:Nifedipine / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D009880:Ophthalmic Artery / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*; D009915:Orbit / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012039:Regional Blood Flow; D012161:Retinal Artery / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*; D018615:Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color
chemical_list: D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers; C035100:nilvadipine; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D009543:Nifedipine