title: FMRI visualization of brain activity during a monetary incentive delay task.
abstract: Comparative studies have implicated striatal and mesial forebrain circuitry in the generation of autonomic, endocrine, and behavioral responses for incentives. Using blood oxygen level-dependent functional magnetic resonance imaging, we sought to visualize functional activation of these regions in 12 normal volunteers as they anticipated and responded for monetary incentives. Both individual and group analyses of time-series data revealed significant activation of striatal and mesial forebrain structures (including insula, caudate, putamen, and mesial prefrontal cortex) during trials involving both monetary rewards and punishments. In addition to these areas, during trials involving punishment, group analysis revealed activation foci in the anterior cingulate and thalamus. These results corroborate comparative studies which implicate striatal and mesial forebrain circuitry in the elaboration of incentive-driven behavior. This report also introduces a new paradigm for probing the functional integrity of this circuitry in humans.
authors.affiliation: Section of Brain Electrophysiology and Imaging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892-1610, USA.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Knutson
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Westdorp
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kaiser
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hommer
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001921:Brain / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000502:physiology*; D001931:Brain Mapping; D002560:Cerebrovascular Circulation / Q000502:physiology; D003342:Corpus Striatum / Q000502:physiology; D006179:Gyrus Cinguli / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood; D010775:Photic Stimulation; D016548:Prosencephalon / Q000502:physiology; D011678:Punishment; D011930:Reaction Time; D012201:Reward; D013788:Thalamus / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D010100:Oxygen