title: Verification of the drug history given by potential blood donors: results of drug screening that combines hair and urine analysis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Besides modern virus-screening methods, the avoidance of transfusion transmission of viral diseases is based on the best possible selection of healthy donors. Unfortunately, most of the relevant behavior-related risk factors are not accessible to objective verification. Drug screening can be used to validate a defined section of donor statements. It may be assumed that donors who conceal drug consumption may also conceal other relevant risk factors.
  
  
  METHODS
  Hair and urine samples from 186 young potential donors who denied having consumed drugs were investigated by gas chromatography with mass selective detection and a urine fluorescence polarization immunoassay for cannabinoids, amphetamine and amphetamine derivatives, cocaine, and opiates.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ten potential donors with 14 positive results on hair and urine analyses (6x cannabinoids, 4x cocaine, 1x opiates, 3x dihydrocodeine) could be identified in the population investigated.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The donor history is not adequate for identifying potential donors with risk factors. Deliberately false statements concerning risk factors are a clear breach of trust between the blood bank and potential donors. These unreliable donors represent an incalculable risk for the transfusion recipient. Therefore, it is appropriate to validate donor statements about drug consumption by random hair and urine analyses and to exclude from the donor pool all persons revealed as drug users.
authors.affiliation: Central Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Blood Bank, Katharinenhospital, Stuttgart, Germany. M.Mahl@Katharinenhospital.de
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Mahl
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hirsch
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Sugg
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000662:Amphetamines / Q000032:analysis*; D001782:Blood Donors / Q000523:psychology; D002186:Cannabinoids / Q000032:analysis*; D003042:Cocaine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000032:analysis; D003141:Communicable Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000635:transmission; D008192:Deception; D005260:Female; D005858:Germany; D006197:Hair / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008403:Mass Screening / Q000379:methods; D008487:Medical History Taking; D009020:Morphine / Q000032:analysis; D012307:Risk Factors; D015813:Substance Abuse Detection / Q000379:methods; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000378:metabolism; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014342:Truth Disclosure; D014556:Urine / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000662:Amphetamines; D002186:Cannabinoids; C005618:benzoylecgonine; D009020:Morphine; D003042:Cocaine