title: Cerebral infarction and transient ischemic attacks. Efficient evaluation is essential to beneficial intervention.
abstract: Rapid but precise evaluation of patients presenting with cerebral infarction is essential to determine immediate intervention. Initial assessment should include history taking, physical examination, routine laboratory testing, electrocardiography, chest radiology, and noncontrast head CT. Localizing the event to the appropriate arterial circulation (anterior versus posterior) and determining topography (subcortical versus cortical) guide sequential testing to ascertain the mechanism of cerebral infarction. Diagnostic testing focuses on selectively identifying potential cardiac, large-vessel, small-vessel, or hematologic causes. Although diagnostic tools are evolving, 15% of cerebral infarctions still have an unknown cause or multiple potential sources.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Mayo Medical School, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA.
authors.forename: K D
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Flemming
authors.forename: R D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Brown
mesh_terms: D002544:Cerebral Infarction / Q000175:diagnosis*; D002560:Cerebrovascular Circulation / Q000502:physiology; D006402:Hematologic Diseases / Q000150:complications; D006801:Humans; D002546:Ischemic Attack, Transient / Q000175:diagnosis*; D008487:Medical History Taking