title: Prospective study of bowel movement, laxative use, and risk of colorectal cancer among women.
abstract: The authors prospectively examined the association between bowel movement frequency, laxative use, and the risk of colorectal cancer in 84,577 women of the Nurses' Health Study living in the United States, 36-61 years of age and free of cancer in 1982. Between 1984 and 1996, 611 incident cases of colorectal cancer were documented. After controlling for age, body mass index, fiber intake, postmenopausal status and hormone use, physical activity, and use of laxatives, the relative risks associated with having bowel movements every third day or less, compared with those with bowel movements once daily, were 0.94 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.69, 1.28) for colorectal cancer, 0.88 (95% CI: 0.62, 1.26) for colon cancer, and 1.18 (95% CI: 0.63, 2.20) for rectal cancer. Compared with women who never used laxatives, the multivariate relative risks associated with weekly to daily laxative use were 1.00 (95% CI: 0.72, 1.40) for colorectal cancer, 1.09 (95% CI: 0.76, 1.57) for colon cancer, and 0.68 (95% CI: 0.29, 1.57) for rectal cancer. These findings do not support an association between infrequent bowel movement, laxative use, and risk of colorectal cancer and indicate that simple questions directed at bowel movement frequency are unlikely to enhance our ability to predict colorectal cancer risk.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Dukas
authors.forename: W C
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Willett
authors.forename: G A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Colditz
authors.forename: C S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Fuchs
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Rosner
authors.forename: E L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Giovannucci
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002400:Cathartics / Q000009:adverse effects*; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D003672:Defecation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D004043:Dietary Fiber; D015444:Exercise; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009726:Nurses; D011159:Population Surveillance; D017698:Postmenopause; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012306:Risk; D012307:Risk Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013997:Time Factors; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D002400:Cathartics; D004043:Dietary Fiber