title: Cost effectiveness analysis of screening for sight threatening diabetic eye disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To measure the cost effectiveness of systematic photographic screening for sight threatening diabetic eye disease compared with existing practice.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cost effectiveness analysis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Liverpool.
  
  
  METHODS
  A target population of 5000 diabetic patients invited for screening.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cost effectiveness (cost per true positive) of systematic and opportunistic programmes; incremental cost effectiveness of replacing opportunistic with systematic screening.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Baseline prevalence of sight threatening eye disease was 14.1%. The cost effectiveness of the systematic programme was 209 pound sterling (sensitivity 89%, specificity 86%, compliance 80%, annual cost 104996 pound sterling) and of the opportunistic programme was 289 pound sterling (combined sensitivity 63%, specificity 92%, compliance 78%, annual cost 99 981 pound sterling). The incremental cost effectiveness of completely replacing the opportunistic programme was 32 pound sterling. Absolute values of cost effectiveness were highly sensitive to varying prevalence, sensitivity and specificity, compliance, and programme size.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Replacing existing programmes with systematic screening for diabetic eye disease is justified.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Health Planning and Management, University of Keele, Keele, Staffordshire ST5 5BG. m.james@keele.ac.uk
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: James
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Turner
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Broadbent
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vora
authors.forename: S P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Harding
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D003930:Diabetic Retinopathy / Q000175:diagnosis*; D006801:Humans; D008403:Mass Screening / Q000191:economics*; D010349:Patient Compliance; D015995:Prevalence; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity