title: Personality and dietary habits.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The personality of healthy individuals has not been well studied in relation to health consciousness, dietary habits and actual food intake, simultaneously.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Our objective was to study the association between personality and dietary habits.
  
  
  METHODS
  Information on dietary habits, including taste preferences and the frequency of food consumption, was collected through a questionnaire from 76 male and 394 female students. The personality of students was determined by a modified NEO-FFI test. Health status, height, body weight, body fat percentage and blood pressure were measured by physical examination. Main outcome measures were personality scores as indicators of a healthy dietary pattern.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Food intake was influenced by neuroticism (N), extraversion (E), openness (O) and agreeableness (A) of personality. Taste preferences and receptivity to dietary advice were also influenced by personality: the odds ratios (ORs) between the high and low tertiary points of the NEO-FFI scores for salty and sweet taste preferences were significantly higher in the group that scored high for neuroticism (N) (salty taste preference: OR = 2.25, NS in males and OR = 2.39, 95%CI = 1.16-4.93 in females; sweet taste preference: OR = 21.00, 95%CI = 2.40-183.99 in males and OR = 3.33, 95%CI = 1.61-6.91 in females). On the other hand, the groups with high scorer for O and A did not like salty tastes. The groups with high scores for A and C were receptive to dietary advice. High scores of each N, E, O, A, and C factor were characterized by distinguishable, dietary habits and lifestyle. For nutritional or health education, group classes are sufficient for high A and O. High C scorer displayed discrepancies between health consciousness and dietary habits, so intervention or a close follow-up by medical professionals would be necessary to improve the health of individuals in this group. High E scorer possessed a confident attitude towards their health, but they were not interested in developing healthy habits. High N scorer was adverse to receiving health information and learning healthy dietary habits.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Personality determined by NEO-FFI test was related to dietary habits and health attitude. Effective health education methods must take the personality of the targeted individuals into consideration.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutritional Science, Faculty of Applied Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Japan.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kikuchi
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Watanabe
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D015331:Cohort Studies; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D004812:Epidemiologic Methods; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D015438:Health Behavior; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan; D008297:Male; D016017:Odds Ratio; D010551:Personality; D018570:Risk Assessment; D017678:Sex Distribution; D013334:Students / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires