title: Family presence during trauma resuscitation: a survey of AAST and ENA members. American Association for the Surgery of Trauma. Emergency Nurses Association.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The Emergency Nurses Association (ENA) has formally resolved that family presence (FP) during resuscitation and invasive procedures (TR) is the right of the patient and is beneficial for both patients and family members. Furthermore, FP during TR has been implemented at several trauma centers. Because this policy is controversial, a survey was conducted to assess the opinions of members of the American Association for the Surgery of Trauma (AAST) and ENA in regard to FP.
  
  
  METHODS
  A survey instrument regarding FP during TR was mailed to the AAST membership (n = 813) and a random sampling (10%) of ENA members (n = 2,988). Questions regarding membership (AAST vs. ENA), age, gender, years in practice, trauma experience, the patient's right to FP during the primary survey, secondary survey, and invasive procedures, the potential effects of FP on trauma team function, and medicolegal implications were included in the survey. Qualitative and quantitative variables were analyzed by analysis of variance and chi2 analysis, respectively. Responses to questions by using a Likert Scale for degree of agreement were analyzed by using the Kruskal-Wallis test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 1,629 (AAST, n = 368; ENA, n = 1,261) surveys were returned (43.4% response). There were 44 surveys returned as undeliverable (1.2%). The members of the AAST were older, more likely to be male, had been in practice longer, and had greater trauma experience when compared with ENA members (p < 0.001). More AAST than ENA members (97.8% vs. 80.2%) believed that FP during all phases of TR was inappropriate (p < 0.001). Fewer AAST members believed that FP was a patient right when compared with ENA members (p < 0.0001). The AAST members were more likely to believe FP interfered with patient care and increased the stress of trauma team members (p < 0.0001). The majority of AAST and ENA members had experience with FP during TR (55.3 vs. 67.8%; p < 0.001). However, the impressions of their experiences were widely disparate, with 63.6% of ENA and only 17.5% of AAST members, indicating that the experience was beneficial (p < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Attitudes toward FP during TR are significantly different between AAST and ENA members. Because of these differences in opinion, implementation of an FP policy may create conflicts between trauma team members and may interfere with the effectiveness of the trauma team.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Education, Via Christi Regional Medical Center, The University of Kansas School of Medicine, Wichita 67214, USA.
authors.forename: S D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Helmer
authors.forename: R S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Dort
authors.forename: W M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Shapiro
authors.forename: B S
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Katan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D003625:Data Collection; D004635:Emergency Medicine / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D016529:Emergency Nursing / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D004636:Emergency Service, Hospital; D005190:Family; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012151:Resuscitation; D012955:Societies, Medical; D012956:Societies, Nursing; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014481:United States; D014947:Wounds and Injuries / Q000628:therapy*