title: A phase II trial of biweekly high dose gemcitabine for patients with metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although the novel cytidine analog gemcitabine has shown superior antitumor activity compared with weekly bolus 5-fluorouracil in patients with advanced pancreatic carcinoma, further improvements of therapeutic results are warranted. The current Phase II study was initiated to investigate whether this might be achieved by dose intensification.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between August 1997 and September 1998, 43 consecutive patients with metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma were enrolled in this multicenter Phase II trial. Patients received 4 weekly courses of gemcitabine 2200 mg/m((2)) given as intravenous infusion during 30 minutes on Days 1 and 15 for a duration of 6 months unless there was prior evidence of progressive disease. The efficacy of treatment was assessed according to standard criteria, i.e., objective response, progression free survival, and overall survival, as well as by analysis of clinical benefit response (defined as >/= 50% reduction in pain intensity, >/= 50% reduction in daily analgesic consumption, and/or >/= 20 point improvement in Karnofsky performance status that was sustained for >/= 4 consecutive weeks).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 43 patients evaluable for objective response, 1 achieved complete and 8 partial remissions, for an overall response rate of 21% (95% confidence interval, 10-36%); 18 additional patients (42%) had stable and 16 (37%) progressive disease. The median time to progression was 5.3 months. Median survival was 8.8 months, and the probability of surviving beyond 12 months was 26.3%. Of 36 patients with tumor-related symptoms who were considered evaluable for clinical benefit response, 16 (44%) experienced significant palliation. The median time to achieve a clinical benefit response was 6 weeks, and its median duration was 27 weeks. Chemotherapy was well tolerated, with leukopenia/granulocytopenia representing the most common side effect. Gastrointestinal and other subjective toxicities were infrequent and generally mild.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Biweekly high dose gemcitabine seems to represent a safe, tolerable, and effective regimen for the palliative treatment of patients with advanced pancreatic carcinoma.
authors.affiliation: Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine I, Vienna University Medical School, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ulrich-Pur
authors.forename: G V
authors.initials: GV
authors.lastname: Kornek
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Raderer
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Haider
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Kwasny
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Depisch
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Greul
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Schneeweiss
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Krauss
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Funovics
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Scheithauer
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality / Q000556:secondary; D000368:Aged; D000964:Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D003841:Deoxycytidine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D015996:Survival Rate; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D000093542:Gemcitabine
chemical_list: D000964:Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic; D003841:Deoxycytidine; D000093542:Gemcitabine