title: Slip and fall-related injuries in relation to environmental cold and work location in above-ground coal mining operations.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The association between slip and fall-related injuries and environmental temperature was examined for mostly enclosed (inside vehicles, machinery, or buildings), outdoor (outside, not enclosed), and enclosed/outdoor jobs in the coal mining industry to see if differences existed among the three work locations that had varying exposure to cold temperatures.
  
  
  METHODS
  Temperature data from the National Climatic Data Center and injury data from the Mine Safety and Health Administration were evaluated from 1985-1990 for seven states. Proportionate methods were used to examine the relationship between slips and falls and temperature.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Proportionate injury ratios of slips and fall-related injuries increased as temperature declined for all three work locations. Proportion of slips and fall-related injuries that occurred while running/walking increased with declining temperature, with the ground outside as the most common source of these injuries.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Outside movement becomes a greater hazard at freezing temperatures for workers in all locations, not just outdoor workers. Any intervention methods geared toward reducing injury incidents facilitated by cold weather must also be directed toward workers who spend time in more enclosed locations.
authors.affiliation: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Division of Safety Research, Analysis and Field Evaluations Branch, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505, USA. jbell@cdc.gov
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Bell
authors.forename: L I
authors.initials: LI
authors.lastname: Gardner
authors.forename: D P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Landsittel
mesh_terms: D000058:Accidental Falls / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D000062:Accidents, Occupational / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D003032:Coal Mining / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D003080:Cold Temperature; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D015601:Injury Severity Score; D008297:Male; D016272:Occupational Health; D011336:Probability; D012042:Registries; D012307:Risk Factors; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology