gamma-aminobutyric Acid(A) (GABA(A)) agonist 4,5,6, 7-tetrahydroisoxazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-3-ol persistently increases sleep maintenance and intensity during chronic administration to rats.
Many hypnotics, such as benzodiazepines, are agonistic modulators of gamma-aminobutyric acid(A) (GABA(A)) receptors. Such compounds increase the ability to fall and stay asleep, but inhibit rapid-eye movement (REM) sleep and deep non-REM sleep. However, tolerance to their hypnotic action may develop rapidly. Previous findings in rats and humans demonstrate that the gamma-aminobutyric acid(A) agonist 4, 5,6,7-tetrahydroisoxazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-3-ol (THIP) promotes deep non-REM sleep and increases non-REM sleep continuity. To investigate the effects of repeated administration, we assessed sleep in rats before, during, and after chronic dosing of THIP (3 mg/kg, once daily for 5 days; n = 9) or of placebo (n = 8). The substances were administered i.p. at the onset of darkness. The electroencephalogram (EEG) and electromyogram were recorded during the first 6 h after injection. During baseline recording, the placebo and the THIP group exhibited similar sleep patterns. After the first THIP injection, rats displayed more non-REM sleep, longer non-REM episodes, and higher levels of slow wave activity in the EEG within non-REM sleep than the placebo group rats. The effects were sustained during all treatment days. REM sleep was not affected. After drug withdrawal, the sleep patterns of the THIP and the placebo group were practically identical again. These observations suggest that THIP does not rapidly produce tolerance toward its sleep effects and abrupt drug withdrawal may not be associated with sleep disturbances. These findings confirm and extend the existing information suggesting that THIP may be promising for treatment of insomnia.
Lancel
M
M
Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany. lancel@mpipsykl.mpg.de
Langebartels
A
A
D000818:Animals; D004569:Electroencephalography / Q000187:drug effects; D018755:GABA Agonists / Q000494:pharmacology*; D058785:GABA-A Receptor Agonists; D007555:Isoxazoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012890:Sleep / Q000187:drug effects*
D018755:GABA Agonists; D058785:GABA-A Receptor Agonists; D007555:Isoxazoles; C015542:gaboxadol