title: The novel glycolipid RC-552 attenuates myocardial stunning and reduces infarct size in dogs.
abstract: The novel glycolipid RC-552 shares common structural features with the natural products lipid A and the previously described cardioprotectant monophosphoryl lipid A. RC-552 administered to dogs as a bolus intravenous dose (35-70 microg/kg) either 24 h or 10 min prior to 60 min of regional myocardial ischemia and 3 h of reperfusion significantly (P<0.05 v control) reduced infarct size (IS) as assessed by triphenyltetrazolium staining from 27.0+/-2.3% of the area-at-risk (AAR) to 13.3+/-2.2% and 15.0+/-3.0%, respectively. Administration of the non-specific inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) inhibitor aminoguanidine (30 mg/kg, subcutaneously) 1 h prior to ischemia blocked the ability of RC-552 (35 microg/kg, 24 h pretreatment) to reduce infarct size. Intravenous pretreatment with RC-552 (35 microg/kg) either 24 h or 10 min prior to five 5 min repetitive cycles of ischemia and reperfusion significantly improved regional myocardial segment shortening (percentage of control) at all time points during 2 h of reperfusion in dogs. These effects of RC-552 in either cardiac injury model occurred independent of differences in AAR, transmural blood flow during ischemia or hemodynamics throughout the experiment. In contrast with monophosphoryl lipid A (MLA), which has also been reported to be cardioprotective at similar doses in dogs, RC-552 was approximately 100 times less prone to cause fever in the USP rabbit pyrogen test. Likewise, RC-552 did not induce secretion of the proinflammatory cytokines TNF, IL-6 or IL-8 from THP-1 cells or alter the expression of adhesion molecules on human neutrophils at concentrations up to 10 microg/ml. MLA was active in these systems at concentrations in the range 0.1-1.0 microg/ml. In conclusion, RC-552 reduces myocardial infarct size and stunning in dogs in the absence of residual immunomodulatory activity.
authors.affiliation: Pharmaceutical Development Division, Ribi ImmunoChem Research, Inc, 553 Old Corvallis Road, Hamilton, MT 59840, USA.
authors.forename: G T
authors.initials: GT
authors.lastname: Elliott
authors.forename: C G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Sowell
authors.forename: E B
authors.initials: EB
authors.lastname: Walker
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Weber
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Moore
authors.forename: G J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Gross
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity; D004285:Dogs; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006017:Glycolipids / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006439:Hemodynamics; D006801:Humans; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D019041:L-Selectin / Q000097:blood; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D008050:Lipid A / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000188:drug therapy*; D017682:Myocardial Stunning / Q000188:drug therapy*; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D011817:Rabbits; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000096:biosynthesis
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D006017:Glycolipids; D015850:Interleukin-6; D016209:Interleukin-8; D008050:Lipid A; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1; D019041:L-Selectin; C402894:RC 552; C048436:monophosphoryl lipid A