title: Bioethical issues related to continuous renal replacement therapy in intensive care patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the ethical approach of intensivists and nephrologists to continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT).
  
  
  METHODS
  A questionnaire.
  
  
  METHODS
  The First International Course on Critical Care Nephrology.
  
  
  METHODS
  The participants in the course (around 500).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Most participants think that establishing ethical criteria for managing CRRT is a medical task, as clinicians have adequate criteria for defining futility. However, many responders would grant the request of starting futile CRRT or would maintain it if requested by the family. Only 55% believe that informed consent is necessary for initiating CRRT; one out of four would start or maintain unwanted life-saving CRRT. In case of lack of equipment, the majority would select the patients, excluding the worst one or on a "first-come, first-served" basis. Withholding and withdrawing are regarded differently by most responders. Again, most think that every vital support should be withdrawn when futile, but practical and psychological aspects still influence the final decision. Responders think that ethics critical care committees can help in the management of ethical problems in ICU.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results show that several ethical questions are still unsolved and that practical and psychological aspects of the treatment process can be stronger than bioethical principles.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, St. Bortolo Hospital, Vicenza, Italy.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Zamperetti
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ronco
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Brendolan
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bellomo
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Canato
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Irone
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Barbacini
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Carraro
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: La Greca
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Piccinni
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dan
mesh_terms: D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D001675:Bioethics; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D017041:Ethics Committees; D006801:Humans; D007258:Informed Consent; D007362:Intensive Care Units; D008020:Life Support Care; D018447:Medical Futility; D017582:Renal Replacement Therapy; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires