Possible role of calpain in normal processing of beta-amyloid precursor protein in human platelets.
Abnormal proteolytic processing of beta-amyloid precursor protein (APP) underlies the formation of amyloid plaques in aging and Alzheimer's disease. The proteases involved in the process have not been identified. Here we found that spontaneous proteolysis of intact APP in detergent-lysed human platelets generated a N-terminal fragment that was immunologically indistinguishable from secreted APP, reminiscent of the action of a putative alpha-secretase. This proteolysis of APP was inhibited by EDTA, suggesting that a metal-dependent protease was involved. Among the several metals tested, calcium was the only one that enhanced APP proteolysis and the reaction was blocked by EGTA as well as by several calpain inhibitors. The APP fragments generated by spontaneous proteolysis in platelet lysates were identical to those produced by exposure of partially purified APP to exogenous calpain. Finally, the secretion of APP from intact platelets was inhibited by cell-permeable calpain inhibitors. Taken together, these results suggest that normal processing of APP in human platelets is mediated by a calcium-dependent protease that exhibits calpain-like properties.
Chen
M
M
Neuroscience Research Laboratory, Medical Research and Development Service (151), Bay Pines, Florida 33744, USA.
Durr
J
J
Fernandez
H L
HL
D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D016564:Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D001792:Blood Platelets / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D000001:Calcimycin / Q000494:pharmacology; D002118:Calcium / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D002135:Calcium-Binding Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology; D002154:Calpain / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D002413:Cations, Divalent / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D002457:Cell Extracts; D004492:Edetic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D004533:Egtazic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D019286:Endopeptidase K / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D020128:Inhibitory Concentration 50; D008970:Molecular Weight; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000494:pharmacology; D011480:Protease Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D011499:Protein Processing, Post-Translational / Q000187:drug effects; D014357:Trypsin / Q000378:metabolism
D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides; D016564:Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor; D002135:Calcium-Binding Proteins; D002413:Cations, Divalent; D002457:Cell Extracts; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D011480:Protease Inhibitors; D000001:Calcimycin; D004533:Egtazic Acid; C033668:calpastatin; D004492:Edetic Acid; D014357:Trypsin; D019286:Endopeptidase K; D002154:Calpain; D002118:Calcium