title: goosecoid expression represses Brachyury in embryonic stem cells and affects craniofacial development in chimeric mice.
abstract: The homeobox gene goosecoid, originally identified in Xenopus, is expressed in the organizer or its equivalent during gastrulation in the frog, chick, zebrafish and mouse. To investigate the role of goosecoid in mouse development, we have generated embryonic stem cells that stably overexpress the murine homolog of goosecoid. These cells show a repression of the gastrulation-associated gene Brachyury. Interestingly, repression of Brachyury is conserved between Xenopus and mouse despite the lack of conservation of the Brachyury promoter. Further characterization of the goosecoid-overexpressing ES cells revealed that they maintain the expression of stage-specific embryonic antigen-1, and teratomas derived from goosecoid-overexpressing cells show the presence of cell types derived from all three germ layers. Some highly chimeric mice derived from goosecoid-overexpressing cells displayed skull defects. These observations suggest that goosecoid may play a role in specification of anterior mesendodermal fates and specifically in mouse craniofacial development.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, USA.
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Boucher
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schäffer
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Deissler
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Moore
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Gold
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Burdsal
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Meneses
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Pedersen
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Blum
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D002460:Cell Line; D019070:Cell Lineage; D004622:Embryo, Mammalian / Q000378:metabolism*; D005145:Face / Q000196:embryology*; D005326:Fetal Proteins; D017930:Genes, Reporter; D051956:Goosecoid Protein; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology; D051379:Mice; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D012097:Repressor Proteins; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012689:Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid; D012886:Skull / Q000196:embryology*; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000378:metabolism; D020825:T-Box Domain Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D014157:Transcription Factors; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D014162:Transfection; D000098908:Brachyury Protein
chemical_list: D005326:Fetal Proteins; D051956:Goosecoid Protein; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D012097:Repressor Proteins; D020825:T-Box Domain Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors; D000098908:Brachyury Protein; C497993:Gsc protein, mouse