Sphingosine-1-phosphate: signaling inside and out.
Ample evidence indicates that sphingosine-1-phosphate (SPP) can serve as an intracellular second messenger regulating calcium mobilization, and cell growth and survival. Moreover, the dynamic balance between levels of the sphingolipid metabolites, ceramide and SPP, and consequent regulation of opposing signaling pathways, is an important factor that determines whether a cell survives or dies. SPP has recently also been shown to be the ligand for the EDG-1 family of G-protein-coupled receptors, which now includes EDG-1, -3, -5, -6 and -8. SPP is thus a lipid mediator that has novel dual actions signaling inside and outside of the cell.
Spiegel
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Department of Biochemistry, Georgetown University Medical Center, 353 Basic Science Building, 3900 Reservoir Road NW, Washington, DC 20007, USA. spiegel@bc.georgetown.edu
Milstien
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D000818:Animals; D020013:Calcium Signaling / Q000502:physiology; D019204:GTP-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008246:Lysophospholipids; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000502:physiology; D015290:Second Messenger Systems / Q000502:physiology*; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013110:Sphingosine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000502:physiology
D008246:Lysophospholipids; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; C060506:sphingosine 1-phosphate; D019204:GTP-Binding Proteins; D013110:Sphingosine