title: Peptidoglycan and lipoteichoic acid from Staphylococcus aureus induce tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin 6 (IL-6), and IL-10 production in both T cells and monocytes in a human whole blood model.
abstract: We have examined the ability of peptidoglycan (PepG) and lipoteichoic acid (LTA) isolated from Staphylococcus aureus to induce the release of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and IL-10 in whole human blood and identified the cellular origins of these cytokines. Both PepG and LTA induced transient increases in TNF-alpha and IL-10 in plasma, with peak values at 6 and 12 h, respectively. IL-6 values increased throughout the experimental period (24 h). The TNF-alpha, IL-6, and IL-10 release induced by PepG and LTA was dose dependent. Only PepG was a potent inducer of TNF-alpha secretion. After stimulation of whole blood with PepG or LTA, very pure populations of monocytes (CD14 positive), T cells (CD2 positive), B cells (CD19 positive), and granulocytes (CD15 positive) were isolated by immunomagnetic separation and analyzed by reverse transcription-PCR for mRNA transcripts encoding TNF-alpha, IL-6, and IL-10. The TNF-alpha mRNA results were inconclusive. In contrast, PepG induced IL-6 and IL-10 mRNA accumulation in both T cells and monocytes. LTA, as well as lipopolysaccharide, induced IL-6 and IL-10 mRNA production in monocytes and possibly in T cells. Whether granulocytes and B cells produce cytokines in response to bacterial stimuli remains obscure. Blockade of the CD14 receptors with monoclonal antibodies (18D11) had no influence on the PepG-induced release of TNF-alpha but attenuated the LTA-induced release of the same cytokine. In conclusion, our data indicate that circulating T cells and monocytes contribute to cytokine production in sepsis caused by gram-positive bacteria.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Surgical Research, Rikshospitalet-National Hospital, N-0027 Oslo, Norway. jacob.wang@klinmed.uio.no
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: P F
authors.initials: PF
authors.lastname: Jørgensen
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Almlöf
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Thiemermann
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Foster
authors.forename: A O
authors.initials: AO
authors.lastname: Aasen
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Solberg
mesh_terms: D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics; D007700:Kinetics; D018950:Lipopolysaccharide Receptors / Q000097:blood; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009000:Monocytes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D010457:Peptidoglycan / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000276:immunology* / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D013682:Teichoic Acids / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D015850:Interleukin-6; D018950:Lipopolysaccharide Receptors; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D010457:Peptidoglycan; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D013682:Teichoic Acids; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D016753:Interleukin-10; C009900:lipoteichoic acid