title: Complex regional pain syndrome (type I, RSD; type II, causalgia): controversies.
abstract: Introduction of the term complex regional pain syndromes (CRPS) as a replacement of the older terminology, reflex sympathetic dystrophy (RSD) and causalgia, has achieved two goals: it has focused attention on the diagnosis and treatment, and sent basic scientists back to their laboratories. The relation of sympathetically maintained pain and sympatholysis is examined, particularly as a neuropathic process that is found in many conditions, including CRPS. This review also focuses on recent observations proposing a pathologic basis in support of diagnosis and treatment of these disorders.
authors.affiliation: Division of Anesthesiology, Pain Management and Research, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Ohio 44160, USA.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Stanton-Hicks
mesh_terms: D002422:Causalgia / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D012019:Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology