title: Social, emotional, and behavioral functioning of children with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the hypothesis that children with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA) would have more social and emotional problems than case-control classmates.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using a case-control design, children with JRA (n = 74), ages 8-14, were compared with case-control classmates (n = 74). Peer relationships, emotional well-being, and behavior, based on peer-, teacher-, parent-, and self-report scores on common measures, were compared using analysis of variance.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Relative to case-control classmates, children with JRA were similar on all measures of social functioning and behavior. Mothers reported more internalizing symptoms in the child with JRA, but child self reports and father reports showed no differences. Scores on all standardized measures were in the normal range for both the JRA and the case-control groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Children with JRA were remarkably similar to case-control children on measures of social functioning, emotional well-being, and behavior. These findings are not supportive of disability/stress models of chronic illness in childhood and suggest considerable psychological hardiness among children with JRA.
authors.affiliation: Division of Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Ohio 45229, USA.
authors.forename: R B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Noll
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kozlowski
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gerhardt
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Vannatta
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Passo
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000294:Adolescent Behavior; D001171:Arthritis, Juvenile / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D002652:Child Behavior; D004644:Emotions; D006801:Humans; D007398:Interpersonal Relations; D010379:Peer Group; D012917:Social Adjustment