title: Surface characterization of titanium-based implant materials.
abstract: This study examined the effects of different treatments (polished, electropolished, and grit-blasted) on the surface morphology and chemistry of commercially pure titanium and titanium-6% aluminum-4% vanadium. The structure and composition of the surfaces were evaluated using scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, Auger microprobe analysis, and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Surface roughness values at large scales were nearly identical for grit-blasted and electropolished samples, while at smaller scales, electropolished and polished samples had nearly identical quantitative roughness values. The surface oxide compositions were found to be primarily titanium dioxide on both materials for all surface treatments. No vanadium was seen with either x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy or Auger microprobe analysis for the alloy, indicating a possible surface depletion. Calcium was present on the grit-blasted samples, and calcium and chlorine were detected on the electropolished samples.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham 35294, USA. placko@atax.eng.uab.edu
authors.forename: H E
authors.initials: HE
authors.lastname: Placko
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mishra
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Weimer
authors.forename: L C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Lucas
mesh_terms: D000497:Alloys; D003343:Corrosion; D003722:Dental Alloys / Q000737:chemistry*; D003775:Dental Polishing; D004577:Electron Probe Microanalysis; D008422:Materials Testing; D018625:Microscopy, Atomic Force; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D010087:Oxides / Q000032:analysis; D013057:Spectrum Analysis / Q000379:methods; D013499:Surface Properties; D014025:Titanium / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry*; D014639:Vanadium / Q000032:analysis; D014965:X-Rays
chemical_list: D000497:Alloys; D003722:Dental Alloys; D010087:Oxides; D014639:Vanadium; C031462:titanium alloy (TiAl6V4); C009495:titanium dioxide; D014025:Titanium