title: Photokilling mechanisms induced by zinc(II)-phthalocyanine on cultured tumor cells.
abstract: The photosensitizing effects of liposomal zinc(II)-phthalocyanine (ZnPc) on HeLa cells, with emphasis on morphological changes and mechanisms for cell death, have been studied. No dark toxicity for ZnPc alone was found. Incubation for 1 h with ZnPc followed by red light irradiation induced a variable decrease in the surviving of cells, which was related to both drug concentration and irradiation time. A lethal photodynamic effect (100% of the cells are killed: LD100) was induced by 5 x 10-6 M ZnPc and 5-min irradiation, whereas a sublethal effect (60% of the cells are killed: LD60) was detected with 10 7 M ZnPc and 3 min of red light. Toluidine blue and Hoechst 33258 staining showed characteristic alterations of cell morphology. Numerous bubbles on the plasma membrane were found immediately after an LD100 treatment, and a necrotic morphology appeared 24 h later. On the contrary, severe cell shrinkage with nuclear fragmentation. characteristic of apoptosis. was observed 8 and 24 h after LD60 treatments. In this case, propidium iodide-acridine orange labeling and the TUNEL assay confirmed the occurrence of apoptosis. The highest amount of apoptotic cells appeared 24 h after LD60 treatments, particularly in detached cells, as revealed by cell counting and DNA electrophoresis. Both apoptotic and necrotic mechanisms for cell death occur in HeLa cells in dependence on the experimental protocol of ZnPc photodynamic treatments.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Biologiá, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Canto Blanco, Spain. angeles.villanueva@uam.es
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Villanueva
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Domínguez
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Polo
authors.forename: V D
authors.initials: VD
authors.lastname: Vendrell
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sanz
authors.forename: T M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Cañete
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Juarranz
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Stockert
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004587:Electrophoresis, Agar Gel; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D007211:Indoles / Q000494:pharmacology*; D054833:Isoindoles; D007700:Kinetics; D008027:Light; D008081:Liposomes; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D009336:Necrosis; D009942:Organometallic Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010778:Photochemotherapy / Q000379:methods*; D017319:Photosensitizing Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013997:Time Factors; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D017967:Zinc Compounds
chemical_list: D007211:Indoles; D054833:Isoindoles; D008081:Liposomes; D009942:Organometallic Compounds; D017319:Photosensitizing Agents; D017967:Zinc Compounds; C052159:Zn(II)-phthalocyanine