title: Inhibition of influenza C viruses by human MxA protein.
abstract: Human MxA protein was analyzed for its ability to inhibit the replication of different influenza C viruses. Three laboratory derivatives of viral strain C/Ann Arbor/1/50 were investigated, namely the parental wild-type virus C/AA-wt, the persistent variant C/AA-pi and the highly cytopathogenic variant C/AA-cyt. In addition, strain C/Paris/214/91 isolated from an influenza patient was used. Multiplication of all four viruses was suppressed in MxA-expressing Vero cells, as indicated by a decrease in viral RNA synthesis, viral protein synthesis, virion production and induction of a cytopathic effect. Inhibition correlated with the level of MxA expression. Furthermore, inhibition was independent of cell clone-specific differences in expression of virus receptors, as demonstrated by receptor reconstitution experiments. Thus, human MxA protein has antiviral activity against influenza C viruses.
authors.affiliation: Institut für Klinische und Molekulare Virologie, Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany. mdmarsch@viro.med.uni-erlangen.de
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Marschall
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zach
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hechtfischer
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Foerst
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Meier-Ewert
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Haller
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002460:Cell Line; D002522:Chlorocebus aethiops; D003588:Cytopathogenic Effect, Viral; D019204:GTP-Binding Proteins; D006386:Hemagglutination Tests; D006801:Humans; D017403:In Situ Hybridization; D009982:Gammainfluenzavirus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D064547:Myxovirus Resistance Proteins; D011506:Proteins / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000032:analysis; D011991:Receptors, Virus / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D014709:Vero Cells; D014779:Virus Replication / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000998:Antiviral Agents; C579071:MX1 protein, human; D064547:Myxovirus Resistance Proteins; D011506:Proteins; D012367:RNA, Viral; D011991:Receptors, Virus; D019204:GTP-Binding Proteins