title: Coregistered ultrasound as a neurosurgical guide.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The dynamic nature and three dimensionality of ultrasound data can be utilized to enhance the capabilities of image guidance systems.
  
  
  METHODS
  Coregistration of ultrasound data was done using an electromagnetic digitizer, and subsequent ultrasound images were correlated with preoperative MRI studies. Thirty-two patients undergoing craniotomy were investigated in this manner.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Phantom testing done with a rigid stylus and 3D ultrasound tracker demonstrated an accuracy of 1.36 +/- 1.67 mm in determining the location of a point. Thirty-two clinical cases were coregistered without difficulty.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Coregistered ultrasound is a useful methodology that can aid in neuronavigation.
authors.affiliation: Section of Neurosurgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Thayer School of Engineering, Hanover, NH 03756, USA.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Pallatroni
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hartov
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: McInerney
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Platenik
authors.forename: M I
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Miga
authors.forename: F E
authors.initials: FE
authors.lastname: Kennedy
authors.forename: K D
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Paulsen
authors.forename: D W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Roberts
mesh_terms: D001921:Brain / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D009493:Neurosurgery / Q000379:methods*; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D013238:Stereotaxic Techniques; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D014465:Ultrasonics