title: Differential expression of eight chitinase genes in Medicago truncatula roots during mycorrhiza formation, nodulation, and pathogen infection.
abstract: Expression of eight different chitinase genes, representing members of five chitinase classes, was studied in Medicago truncatula roots during formation of arbuscular mycorrhiza with Glomus intraradices, nodulation with Rhizobium meliloti, and pathogen attack by Phytophthora megasperma f. sp. medicaginis, Fusarium solani f. sp. phaseoli (compatible interactions with root rot symptoms), Ascochyta pisi (compatible, symptomless), and F. solani f. sp. pisi (incompatible, nonhost interaction). In the compatible plant-pathogen interactions, expression of class I, II, and IV chitinase genes was enhanced. The same genes were induced during nodulation. Transcripts of class I and II chitinase genes accumulated transiently during early stages of the interaction, and transcripts of the class IV chitinase gene accumulated in mature nodules. The pattern of chitinase gene expression in mycorrhizal roots was markedly different: Expression of class I, II, and IV chitinase genes was not enhanced, whereas expression of three class III chitinase genes, with almost no basal expression, was strongly induced. Two of these three (Mtchitinase III-2 and Mtchitinase III-3) were not induced at all in interactions with pathogens and rhizobia. Thus, the expression of two mycorrhiza-specific class III chitinase genes can be considered a hallmark for the establishment of arbuscular mycorrhiza in Medicago truncatula.
authors.affiliation: Botanisches Institut der Universität Basel, Switzerland. Peter.Salzer@unibas.ch
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Salzer
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bonanomi
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Beyer
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Vögeli-Lange
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Aeschbacher
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lange
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wiemken
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: D R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Cook
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Boller
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D001483:Base Sequence; D002688:Chitinases / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics*; D017931:DNA Primers; D004790:Enzyme Induction; D005670:Fusarium / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D000455:Medicago sativa / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000382:microbiology*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010838:Phytophthora / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D010935:Plant Diseases; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000201:enzymology / Q000382:microbiology; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D012689:Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid; D014452:Ubiquitins / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D017931:DNA Primers; D007527:Isoenzymes; D014452:Ubiquitins; D002688:Chitinases