The ratio of 2nd to 4th digit length: a new predictor of disease predisposition?
The ratio between the length of the 2nd and 4th digits is: (a) fixed in utero; (b) lower in men than in women; (c) negatively related to testosterone and sperm counts; and (d) positively related to oestrogen concentrations. Prenatal levels of testosterone and oestrogen have been implicated in infertility, autism, dyslexia, migraine, stammering, immune dysfunction, myocardial infarction and breast cancer. We suggest that 2D:4D ratio is predictive of these diseases and may be used in diagnosis, prognosis and in early life-style interventions which may delay the onset of disease or facilitate its early detection.
Manning
J T
JT
School of Biological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK. jtmann@liv.ac.uk
Bundred
P E
PE
D004194:Disease / Q000209:etiology*; D004967:Estrogens / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D005385:Fingers / Q000196:embryology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011247:Pregnancy; D013076:Sperm Count; D013739:Testosterone / Q000378:metabolism*
D004967:Estrogens; D013739:Testosterone