title: Assessment of intracellular water by whole body bioelectrical impedance and total body potassium in HIV-positive patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) is widely used as bedside assessment of body composition. Body cell mass (BCM) and intracellular water (ICW) are clinically important body compartments. Estimates of ICW obtained from BIA by different calculation approaches were compared to a reference method in male HIV-infected patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Representative subsample of clinically stable HIV-infected outpatients, consisting of 42 men with a body mass index of 22.4 +/- 3.8 kg/m(2)(range, 13-l31 kg/m(2)).
  
  
  METHODS
  Total body potassium was assessed in a whole body counter, and compared to 50 kHz monofrequency BIA and multifrequency bioelectrical impedance spectroscopy. Six different prediction equations for ICW from BIA data were applied. Methods were compared by the Bland-Altman method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  BIA-derived ICW estimates explained 58% to 73% of the observed variance in ICW (TBK), but limits of confidence were wide (-16.6 to +18.2% for the best method). BIA overestimated low ICW (TBK) and underestimated high ICW (TBK) when normalized for weight or height. Mono- and multifrequency BIA were not different in precision but population-specific equations tended to narrower confidence limits.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  BIA is an unreliable method to estimate ICW in this population, in contrast to the better established estimation of total body water and extracellular water. Potassium depletion in severe malnutrition may contribute to this finding but a major part of the residual between methods remains unexplained.
authors.affiliation: Klinik l für Innere Medizin (Infectious Discases), University of Cologne, Germany.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Schwenk
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Eschner
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kremer
authors.forename: L C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Ward
mesh_terms: D000163:Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000503:physiopathology*; D000328:Adult; D001823:Body Composition; D001825:Body Fluid Compartments; D017097:Electric Impedance; D006801:Humans; D007424:Intracellular Fluid; D008297:Male; D011188:Potassium / Q000032:analysis*; D011197:Potassium Radioisotopes; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D014867:Water / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D011197:Potassium Radioisotopes; D014867:Water; D011188:Potassium