title: Twenty-four-hour oral tracer studies with L-[1-13C]lysine at a low (15 mg.kg (-1).d (-1) and intermediate (29 mg.kg (-1).d(-1)) lysine intake in healthy adults.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We proposed previously that the mean lysine requirement value is approximately 30 mg * kg(-)(1) * d(-)(1) rather than the proposed 1985 FAO/WHO/UNU estimate of the upper range of the requirement, which is 12 mg * kg(-)(1) * d(-)(1).
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Our objective was to explore the 24-h pattern and rate of whole-body lysine [l-(13)C]oxidation and status of whole-body lysine balance in healthy, young adults given an L-amino acid diet supplying either a low lysine intake (14-15 mg * kg(-)(1) * d(-)(1)) or an intermediate lysine intake (29 mg * kg(-)(1) * d(-)(1)) for 6 d before a continuous tracer study with L-[1-(13)C]lysine.
  
  
  METHODS
  Five subjects received the low lysine intake, 6 subjects received the intermediate intake, and all were studied by using a standard 24-h oral tracer protocol that was described earlier for studies at a generous lysine intake.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The rate of lysine oxidation was not significantly different between the 12-h fasted and 12-h fed states. The daily oxidation rate (f1.gif" BORDER="0"> +/- SD) was 27. 9 +/- 8.8 and 27.3 +/- 17.6 mg lysine * kg(-)(1) * d(-)(1) for the low- and intermediate-intake groups, respectively (NS). Daily lysine balance was -12.4 +/- 92 and 1.8 +/- 17.7 mg * kg(-)(1) * d(-)(1), respectively (P < 0.025), for the low and intermediate intakes. The balance was significantly less than zero (P < 0.001) for the low intake.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The FAO/WHO/UNU lysine requirement value is not sufficient to maintain lysine homeostasis in healthy adults. From the results of this and tracer studies done by others, the mean lysine requirement of healthy adults was determined to be 30 mg * kg(-)(1) * d(-)(1).
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Human Nutrition and Clinical Research Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
authors.forename: A E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: El-Khoury
authors.forename: P C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Pereira
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Borgonha
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Basile-Filho
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Beaumier
authors.forename: S Y
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: C C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Metges
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Ajami
authors.forename: V R
authors.initials: VR
authors.lastname: Young
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001944:Breath Tests; D002151:Calorimetry; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000378:metabolism; D002247:Carbon Isotopes; D002940:Circadian Rhythm; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008239:Lysine / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D009751:Nutritional Requirements; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D012016:Reference Values
chemical_list: D002247:Carbon Isotopes; D004044:Dietary Proteins; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D008239:Lysine