title: Renin angiotensin system of rabbit clitoral cavernosum: interaction with nitric oxide.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Angiotensin (ANG) II has been known to be a potent modulator for the maintenance of smooth muscle tone of the penile cavernosum. However, its role in clitoral cavernosum is unknown. The clitoris is the homologue of the penis arising from the embryological genital tubercle. We investigated the presence of ANG II receptors, the function of ANG II, and its interaction with nitric oxide (NO) in rabbit clitoral cavernosum.
  
  
  METHODS
  The isometric tension was measured in the strips of clitoral cavernosum. Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to evaluate expression of AT1a and AT1b ANG II receptor subtype mRNAs. In vitro autoradiography was used to localize ANG II receptors in the clitoral cavernosum.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The clitoral cavernosum was contracted dose-dependently by the addition of ANG II. Dup 753 (ANG II type 1 receptor antagonist) inhibited significantly ANG II induced contraction. PD 123,319 (ANG II type 2 receptor antagonist) did not affect the ANG II response. Pretreatment with NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (NO synthase inhibitor) accentuated contractions induced by ANG II. Specific binding sites for 125I-ANG II were found in the clitoral cavernosum. The dissociation constant (Kd) was 0.58 + or - 0.05 nM. Specific binding of 125I-ANG II was displaced by Dup 753 (10-5 M) but not by PD 123,319 (10-5 M). The inhibitory constant (Ki) for Dup 753 was 23. 4 + or - 9.73 nM and mRNAs for AT1a and AT1b receptor subtypes were detected by RT-PCR.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present study shows that ANG II is involved in the regulation of clitoral cavernosum smooth muscle tone via ANG II receptor subtype AT1, and that ANG II has cross-talk with NO.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Urology and Physiology, Medical School, and Institute for Medical Sciences, Chonbuk National University, Chonbuk, Korea.
authors.forename: J K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: S Z
authors.initials: SZ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: S H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Y G
authors.initials: YG
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: K W
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Cho
mesh_terms: D000803:Angiotensin I / Q000032:analysis; D000804:Angiotensin II / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D057911:Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists; D000818:Animals; D002987:Clitoris / Q000737:chemistry / Q000502:physiology*; D046508:Culture Techniques; D005260:Female; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D019808:Losartan / Q000494:pharmacology; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000502:physiology; D009130:Muscle, Smooth / Q000502:physiology; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000502:physiology*; D011725:Pyridines / Q000494:pharmacology; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D011817:Rabbits; D011945:Receptors, Angiotensin / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
chemical_list: D057911:Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists; D007093:Imidazoles; D011725:Pyridines; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D011945:Receptors, Angiotensin; D000804:Angiotensin II; C073402:PD 123319; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D000803:Angiotensin I; D019808:Losartan