title: Diclofenac metabolic profile following in vitro percutaneous absorption through viable human skin.
abstract: The extent of metabolism of diclofenac sodium in excised viable human skin was investigated using combination HPLC and radioactivity assay. In an earlier diffusion experiment using an in vitro flow-through diffusion system, radiolabelled diclofenac sodium in either lotion (Pennsaid) or aqueous solution was applied to viable human skin, either as single dose or multiple dose (8 times over 2 days). In this study, the receptor fluid samples from the diffusion experiment were subjected to extraction and the aliquot was analysed using HPLC to separate diclofenac and authentic metabolites. Based on the radioactivity of each HPLC fraction, the collection time of the fractions was compared with the retention time of diclofenac and metabolites in standard solutions. The samples from a single or multiple dose application of lotion showed radioactivity in mainly one fraction, whose retention time corresponded with diclofenac. Other HPLC fractions showed none or only small amounts of radioactivity within the error range of the assay. The same results were obtained with the pooled samples from the application of the lotion or of aqueous solution. The results suggest that diclofenac sodium does not undergo metabolism in viable human epidermis during percutaneous absorption in vitro. Hence, with topical application to human skin in vivo, diclofenac will be delivered with minimal, if any, metabolism.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, University of California at San Francisco, 94143-0989, USA.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tanojo
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Wester
authors.forename: J Z
authors.initials: JZ
authors.lastname: Shainhouse
authors.forename: H I
authors.initials: HI
authors.lastname: Maibach
mesh_terms: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D004008:Diclofenac / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D006801:Humans; D012869:Skin Absorption
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D004008:Diclofenac