title: Implementing the second generation social health maintenance organization.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In 1996 the Health Care Financing Administration implemented a second generation of the Social HMO demonstration. This model retained the chronic care benefits of the original Social HMOs while attempting to develop a geriatric service model integrated into primary care and a screening and assessment process focused directly on healthcare risk factors. Other refinements included risk-adjusted capitation payment, broadened eligibility for expanded care benefits, low co-payments for these benefits, and no caps on the expanded care benefits expenditures.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The geriatric approach is designed to facilitate integration among providers and levels of care. This includes timely application of primary care monitoring and treatment to reduce illness and disability as well as a geriatric education and consultation program to provide specialty support for complex cases. Care management is designed for those requiring home-based care, those discharged from hospitals or nursing homes, and those having difficulty with treatment regimens.
  
  
  METHODS
  A case study of the Social HMO implementation through the Fall of 1999.
  
  
  METHODS
  Health Plan of Nevada (HPN), with locations in Las Vegas, Reno, and surrounding areas.
  
  
  METHODS
  More than 25,000 Medicare beneficiaries participated during the study period.
  
  
  METHODS
  Administrative reports, charts, and interviews with administrators and clinicians.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Within 12 months of operation under this authority, HPN succeeded in putting in place most of the components of the planned geriatric approach: a screening program to identify patients "at risk" for high service costs and disability and timely application of primary care treatment to reduce illness and disability. Geriatric education and a consultation program for complex cases were available, but full implementation was delayed until the plan was able to hire a full time geriatrician.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Health Plan of Nevada's Social HMO program reflects current perspectives on how to integrate chronic care into an HMO. The accomplishments affirm that the provision of risk-adjusted reimbursement, along with the 5 % supplement to the normal Medicare capitation payment, are sufficient incentives for a health plan to restructure itself so that it places a priority on retaining and serving populations at risk for high expenditures.
authors.affiliation: Department of Social & Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco 94118, USA.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Newcomer
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Harrington
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kane
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D019033:Delivery of Health Care, Integrated / Q000639:trends*; D005544:Forecasting; D006279:Health Maintenance Organizations / Q000639:trends*; D006284:Health Plan Implementation / Q000639:trends*; D006299:Health Services for the Aged / Q000639:trends*; D006801:Humans; D006278:Medicare / Q000639:trends; D009505:Nevada; D013221:State Health Plans / Q000639:trends; D014481:United States