title: Role of nitric oxide in endotoxin-induced hepatic microvascular dysfunction in rats chronically fed ethanol.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Nitric oxide (NO) appears to be involved in the pathogenesis of endotoxin-induced liver injury. However, little is known about how NO acts on the hepatic microcirculation, especially in alcohol-fed animals. We examined the roles of NO in endotoxin-induced hepatic microvascular dysfunction in control and ethanol-fed rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  One lobe of the liver was observed with an intravital microscope. Flow velocity of fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled erythrocytes in sinusoids was measured with an off-line velocimeter. Portal pressure and mean arterial pressure also were measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After administration of endotoxin to control, the flow velocity decreased after 30 min. Portal pressure increased after 45 min. However, in ethanol-fed rats, both the flow velocity and portal pressure temporarily increased in the early phase. Thereafter, the flow velocity decreased and portal pressure increased. At 30 min after administration of the endotoxin, pretreatment with 10 mg/kg of an NO synthase inhibitor, NG-monomethyl-L-arginine (L-NMMA), enhanced the endotoxin-induced decrease in the velocity of erythrocytes in the midzonal region of both control and ethanol-fed rats. Although 0.5 mg/kg of L-NMMA enhanced the endotoxin-induced reduction of erythrocyte velocity in the midzonal region of ethanol-fed rats, L-NMMA enhanced the endotoxin-induced reduction of erythrocyte velocity in the pericentral region of control rats. At 60 min after the endotoxin administration, L-NMMA did not affect the endotoxin-induced decrease of erythrocyte velocity in either control or ethanol-fed rats. Although 10 mg/kg of L-NMMA increased mean arterial pressure both in control and ethanol-fed rats, 0.5 mg/kg of L-NMMA did not change mean arterial pressure in either control or ethanol-fed rats.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that NO is involved in endotoxin-induced hepatic microvascular dysfunction, which may contribute to the sequential liver injury, especially in alcohol-fed animals.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Horie
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kimura
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kato
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ohki
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tamai
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yamagishi
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ishii
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity / Q000187:drug effects; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D002492:Central Nervous System Depressants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D056486:Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; D004731:Endotoxins / Q000009:adverse effects; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D000431:Ethanol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000009:adverse effects; D008107:Liver Diseases / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008833:Microcirculation; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000502:physiology*; D017082:Portal Pressure / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D019323:omega-N-Methylarginine / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D002492:Central Nervous System Depressants; D004731:Endotoxins; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D019323:omega-N-Methylarginine; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D000431:Ethanol