title: Pharmacological assessment of adrenergic receptors in human varicose veins.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Experiments were to characterize pharmacologically adrenergic receptors in human varicose veins to the natural transmitter norepinephrine and to an extract of Ruscus.
  
  
  METHODS
  Greater saphenous veins and varicose tributaries from patients undergoing elective surgery for primary varicose disease and portions of greater saphenous veins from patients undergoing peripheral arterial reconstruction (control) were suspended for the measurement of isometric force in organ chambers. Concentration response curves were obtained to norepinephrine or the extract of Ruscus aculeatus in the absence and presence of selective antagonists of alpha, and alpha2 adrenergic receptors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Norepinephrine and Ruscus extract caused concentration-dependent contractions in all veins. Contractions to norepinephrine were greater in control veins than in varicose tributaries. Contractions to the extract were greater in varicose tributaries than in greater saphenous veins from varicose patients. Contractions to norepinephrine were reduced similarly by alpha and alpha2-adrenergic agonists in control and varicose veins but to a greater extent by alpha2-blockade in greater saphenous veins from varicose patients. Contractions to Ruscus extract were not reduced by alpha-adrenergic blockade in control veins but were reduced by alpha2-adrenergic blockade in varicose veins.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest a differential distribution of alpha adrenergic receptors on greater saphenous veins from non-varicose patients compared to those with primary varicose disease. Venotropic agents from plant extract probably exert effects by way of multiple receptor and non-receptor mediated events.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN 55905, USA. miller.virginia@mayo.edu
authors.forename: V M
authors.initials: VM
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: K S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Rud
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gloviczki
mesh_terms: D000316:Adrenergic alpha-Agonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D000368:Aged; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009638:Norepinephrine / Q000494:pharmacology; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology; D011942:Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha / Q000032:analysis / Q000187:drug effects*; D012501:Saphenous Vein / Q000737:chemistry*; D014648:Varicose Veins / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000601:surgery; D014661:Vasoconstriction / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000316:Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; D010936:Plant Extracts; D011942:Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha; D009638:Norepinephrine