title: Oxygen uptake efficiency slope: an index of exercise performance and cardiopulmonary reserve requiring only submaximal exercise.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We sought to evaluate, in adults, the efficacy of the Oxygen Uptake Efficiency Slope (OUES), an index of cardiopulmonary functional reserve that can be based upon a submaximal exercise effort.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Maximal oxygen uptake (VO2,max), the most reliable measure of exercise capacity, is seldom attained in standard exercise testing. The OUES, which relates oxygen uptake to total ventilation during exercise, was proposed by Baba and coworkers (7) in a study of pediatric cardiac patients. They felt this submaximal index of cardiopulmonary reserve might be more practical than VO2max and more appropriate than the commonly used peak oxygen consumption (VO2 peak).
  
  
  METHODS
  Treadmill exercise tests with simultaneous respiratory gas measurement were performed in 998 older subjects free of clinically recognized cardiovascular disease and 12 male patients with congestive heart failure. During incremental exercise, oxygen uptake was plotted against the logarithm of total ventilation, and the OUES was determined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The OUES, when calculated only from the first 75% of the exercise test, differed by 1.9% from the OUES calculated from 100% of exercise time in subjects with a peak respiratory exchange rate > or =1.10. On serial tests the OUES was less variable than exercise duration or VO2 peak. It correlated strongly with VO2max, with forced expiratory volume in 1 s and negatively with a history of current smoking. The OUES declined linearly with age in both women and men. A small sample of patients with congestive heart failure had OUES values much lower than those of older subjects without cardiovascular disease.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The OUES is an objective, reproducible measure of cardiopulmonary reserve that does not require a maximal exercise effort. It integrates cardiovascular, musculoskeletal and respiratory function into a single index that is largely influenced by pulmonary dead space ventilation and exercise-induced lactic acidosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of California, and the Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, USA. hollenberg.milton@sanfrancisco.va.gov
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hollenberg
authors.forename: I B
authors.initials: IB
authors.lastname: Tager
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001944:Breath Tests; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000032:analysis; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D005080:Exercise Test; D005260:Female; D005541:Forced Expiratory Volume; D006321:Heart / Q000502:physiology*; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D008168:Lung / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010101:Oxygen Consumption / Q000502:physiology*; D011659:Pulmonary Gas Exchange
chemical_list: D002245:Carbon Dioxide