title: Granular cell tumor of the hypopharynx treated by endoscopic CO(2) laser excision: report of two cases.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Granular cell tumor (GCT), or Abrikossoff's tumor, is an unusual lesion probably arising from Schwann cells. It is frequently found in the head and neck region, where the tongue is the most commonly affected site. Involvement of the hypopharynx is exceedingly rare because, to the best of our knowledge, only four cases have been reported in the literature.
  
  
  METHODS
  We describe hypopharyngeal GCT in two women aged 29 and 52 years, respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the first patient, preoperative diagnostic examination, including endoscopy, CT, and MRI scan, was suggestive of a benign lesion arising from the posterior wall of the hypopharynx. In the second patient, a previous biopsy of the postcricoid area performed elsewhere suggested a diagnosis of well-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma, and CT scan staged the lesion as T1 N0. In both cases, treatment included surgical excision under microlaryngoscopy with CO(2) laser. The histopathologic study of the specimens, supported by immunohistochemical techniques, determined the lesions to be a GCT. The postoperative course was uneventful, and the patients were discharged 12 and 2 days after surgery, respectively. Both patients were asymptomatic without evidence of recurrence when last seen 2 years and 4 months after surgery, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  GCT should be included in the differential diagnosis of submucosal hypopharyngeal lesions. Endoscopy and radiologic imaging do not display any typical finding suggestive of the diagnosis, which can be based only on histologic findings. Resection of the tumor, when technically feasible, should be performed under microlaryngoscopy with the CO(2) laser, which makes it possible to work in a bloodless field with minimal thermal damage and reduction of scarring and postoperative edema.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, University of Brescia, Italy.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Piazza
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Casirati
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Peretti
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Battaglia
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Manfredini
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Nicolai
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001706:Biopsy; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000175:diagnosis; D002921:Cicatrix / Q000517:prevention & control; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D004487:Edema / Q000517:prevention & control; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D016586:Granular Cell Tumor / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D007012:Hypopharyngeal Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007828:Laryngoscopy; D053685:Laser Therapy; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008866:Microsurgery; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000517:prevention & control; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed
chemical_list: D002245:Carbon Dioxide