title: Blueberry juice used per os in upper abdominal MR imaging: composition and initial clinical data.
abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of a commercially available blueberry juice (BJ) both as a positive and negative oral contrast agent and to present the exact contents of paramagnetic ions. The concentration of Mn and Fe were determined in tinned myrtilles in syrup (atomic absorption). Nine healthy volunteers and 12 patients (age range 20-65 years) were examined using a 1-T MR scanner before and after per os administration of 430 ml of BJ. A qualitative analysis of signal alterations in the stomach, duodenum, and proximal small intestine was performed. In addition, a quantitative analysis was assessed in terms of signal-to-noise ratio calculation. The mean concentration (x +/- SD) of the ions found in the content of the three cans were 3.3 +/- 0.4 microg/g for iron and 20.6 +/- 2.6 microg/g for manganese. Based on the qualitative evaluation, signal alteration on T1-weighted images after administration of BJ was statistically significant in the stomach and duodenum, but not in the proximal small bowel. Signal alteration on T2-weighted images was not statistically significant in any part of the gastrointestinal tract. The quantitative analysis of the T1- and T2 shortening showed that BJ is efficient with only T1-weighted sequences, and this applied to the stomach, duodenum, and proximal small bowl. Blueberry juice can be used as an oral contrast agent in upper abdominal MR for T1-weighted imaging.
authors.affiliation: Department of CT-MRI, Larissa General Hospital, Greece.
authors.forename: A H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Karantanas
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Papanikolaou
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kalef-Ezra
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Challa
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Gourtsoyiannis
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001628:Beverages / Q000032:analysis; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry; D004064:Digestive System / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000473:pathology; D004386:Duodenum / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D017352:Echo-Planar Imaging; D005638:Fruit; D006801:Humans; D007421:Intestine, Small / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D007501:Iron / Q000032:analysis; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008345:Manganese / Q000032:analysis; D008875:Middle Aged; D013270:Stomach / Q000033:anatomy & histology
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D008345:Manganese; D007501:Iron