title: Defective regulation of IFNgamma and IL-12 by endogenous IL-10 in progressive MS.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  MS is a chronic inflammatory disease of the CNS postulated to be a Th1 type cell-mediated autoimmune disease. There is increased interferon-gamma (IFNgamma) secretion in MS, and IFNgamma administration induces exacerbations of disease. IFNgamma expression is closely regulated by a number of cytokines produced by different cells of the immune system. Interleukin-12 (IL-12) is a major factor leading to Th1-type responses, including IFNgamma secretion, and there is increased secretion of IL-12 in MS. IL-10 is a potent inhibitor of both IL-12 and IFNgamma expression.
  
  
  METHODS
  The authors investigated cytokine production and proliferative responses of peripheral blood mononuclear cells stimulated with soluble anti-CD3 in healthy controls and patients with stable relapsing-remitting MS or progressive MS.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The authors found that T cell receptor-mediated IFNgamma and IL-10 secretion were increased in progressive MS, whereas IL-4 and IL-2 secretion and lymphocyte proliferative responses were normal. Anti-IL-12 antibody suppressed raised IFNgamma in progressive MS but did not affect raised IL-10. In addition, neutralization of endogenous IL-10 upregulated IFNgamma in controls but not progressive MS. IL-10 was produced by CD4+ cells whereas IFNgamma was produced by both CD4+ and CD8+ cells. There were no differences in IL-10 receptor expression in MS patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These abnormalities in IL-10 regulation were not seen in the relapsing-remitting form of MS. Thus, the defect in regulation of both IL-12 and IFNgamma production by endogenous IL-10 in progressive MS could be an important factor involved in the transition of MS from the relapsing to the progressive stage and has implications for treating MS patients with exogenous IL-10.
authors.affiliation: Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: K E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Balashov
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Comabella
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ohashi
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Khoury
authors.forename: H L
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Weiner
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000097:blood*; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000502:physiology*; D018664:Interleukin-12 / Q000097:blood*; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation / Q000276:immunology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020528:Multiple Sclerosis, Chronic Progressive / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000276:immunology; D020529:Multiple Sclerosis, Relapsing-Remitting / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000276:immunology*; D012016:Reference Values; D018417:Th1 Cells / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D016753:Interleukin-10; D018664:Interleukin-12; D007371:Interferon-gamma