title: Dimethyl sulfoxide protects against thermal and epithermal neutron-induced cell death and mutagenesis of Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the protective effects of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) on cell killing and mutagenicity at the HPRT locus in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells against thermal and epithermal neutrons produced at the Kyoto University Research (KUR) reactor.
  
  
  METHODS
  DMSO was added to cells 15 min before irradiation and removed 15 min after irradiation. Cells were irradiated by thermal and epithermal neutrons with or without boron at 10 ppm. The biological endpoint of cell survival was measured by colony formation assay. The mutagenicity was measured by the mutant frequency in the HPRT locus. A total of 378 independent neutron-induced mutant clones were isolated in separate experiments. The molecular structure of HPRT mutations was determined by analysis by multiplex polymerase chain reaction of all nine exons.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The D(0) values of epithermal and thermal neutrons in three different modes, i.e., thermal, epithermal, and mixtures of thermal and epithermal, were 0.8-1.2 Gy. When cells were treated with DMSO, the D(0) values increased to 1.0-2.3, especially in the absence of boron. DMSO showed a protective effect against mutagenesis of the HPRT locus induced by epithermal and thermal neutron irradiation. After DMSO treatment, the mutagenicity was decreased, especially when the cells were irradiated in epithermal neutron mode. Molecular structure analysis indicated that total and partial deletions were dominant and the incidence of total deletions was increased in the presence of boron in the thermal neutron and mixed modes. In the epithermal neutron mode, more than half of the mutations were total deletions. When cells were treated with DMSO, the incidence of total deletions by thermal neutron irradiation with boron and epithermal irradiation decreased.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results suggest that DMSO has various protective effects against cytotoxic and mutagenic effects of thermal and epithermal neutrons, and that the extent of protection is reflected by the percentage of absorbed dose distribution for each neutron irradiation mode.
authors.affiliation: Research Reactor Institute, Kyoto University, Kumatori-cho, Sennan-gun, Osaka, Japan. kinashi@rri.kyoto-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kinashi
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sakurai
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Masunaga
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Akaboshi
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ono
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016466:CHO Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D003114:Colony-Forming Units Assay; D006224:Cricetinae; D004121:Dimethyl Sulfoxide / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004353:Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017353:Gene Deletion; D007041:Hypoxanthine Phosphoribosyltransferase / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics / Q000528:radiation effects; D009152:Mutagenicity Tests; D009502:Neutrons / Q000009:adverse effects; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D011835:Radiation Protection; D011837:Radiation-Protective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011853:Radiobiology
chemical_list: D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D011837:Radiation-Protective Agents; D007041:Hypoxanthine Phosphoribosyltransferase; D004121:Dimethyl Sulfoxide