Protective immune responses induced by a non-pathogenic simian/human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV) against a challenge of a pathogenic SHIV in monkeys.
A simian/human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV)-NM3n containing the human nef, but not the monkey nef, and vpr genes of SIV was inoculated into two cynomolgus monkeys, resulting in systemic infection with a minimum level of transient virus load. In order to study the nature of immune responses associated with the prevention of a pathogenic SHIV, the SHIV-NM3n-inoculated monkeys and three naive monkeys were intravenously challenged with a pathogenic SHIV containing the envelope gene of HIV-1 89.6. After the heterologous virus challenge, all of the SHIV-NM3n-inoculated animals completely avoided the loss of CD4+ T lymphocytes in PBMC as well as lymphoid tissues compared to pathogenic SHIV-injected control animals. The inhibition of CD4+ cell depletion was associated with maintaining the proliferative response of helper T-cells against SIV p27 in the previously nonpathogenic virus-inoculated animals following the pathogenic virus challenge. Furthermore, the decline of CD28+ cells, the increase in CD95+ cells, and the enhancement of in vitro apoptosis in PBMC were inhibited in the non-pathogenic virus-inoculated animals. These results suggest that nonpathogenic SHIV-NM3n infection induces the protection of monkeys from heterologous pathogenic viruses that may be associated with blocking the change in immune responses and the cell loss induced by a pathogenic virus.
Yoshino
N
N
AIDS Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo,Japan.
Ami
Y
Y
Someya
K
K
Ando
S
S
Shinohara
K
K
Tashiro
F
F
Lu
Y
Y
Honda
M
M
D016915:AIDS Vaccines / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D018106:CD28 Antigens / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D018414:CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D015683:Gene Products, gag / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology* / Q000472:pathogenicity; D006801:Humans; D016180:Lentivirus Infections / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D008252:Macaca fascicularis; D015302:Simian Immunodeficiency Virus / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology* / Q000472:pathogenicity; D014613:Vaccines, Attenuated / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D014614:Vaccines, Synthetic / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D019014:fas Receptor / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism
D016915:AIDS Vaccines; D018106:CD28 Antigens; C066594:Gag protein p27, Simian immunodeficiency virus; D015683:Gene Products, gag; D014613:Vaccines, Attenuated; D014614:Vaccines, Synthetic; D019014:fas Receptor