title: The acute effects of postoperative radiation therapy on the transverse rectus abdominis myocutaneous flap used in immediate breast reconstruction.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To analyze the acute effects of postoperative radiation therapy on the transverse rectus abdominis myocutaneous (TRAM) flap reconstruction following modified radical mastectomy for breast cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-five consecutive patients were treated with postoperative radiation therapy after TRAM flap reconstruction between 1985 and 1999. The radiation records for these patients were retrospectively reviewed. Information regarding treatment techniques, timing, and dose was obtained and correlated with the extent of erythema, desquamation, and the need for treatment break.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The median age was 48 years. The median dose of chest wall radiation was 5040 cGy. Additional boost doses were delivered in 13 patients. Twelve patients (48%) developed mild erythema in the treatment field during the course of treatment and 13 patients (52%) developed moderate (40%) or brisk (12%) erythema. Only 10 patients (40%) developed any kind of desquamation; 5 patients (20%) developed dry desquamation and another 5 patients (20%) developed moist desquamation. No patients required a break in the course of treatment because of acute side effects. None of the parameters evaluated (the use of chemotherapy prior to radiation, the interval between surgery and radiation, smoking, prior incidence of fat necrosis, the use of bolus during radiation, and the use of a boost) were predictive of an increased incidence of either the extent of erythema or the development of desquamation in the treatment field.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Postmastectomy radiation for TRAM flap reconstruction is well tolerated and is not associated with an increased incidence of acute side effects. Radiation technique and the use of preradiation chemotherapy do not appear to be correlated with an increased incidence of acute side effects.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Radiation Oncology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, OH 44124, USA. shanks@poserver.meridia.org
authors.forename: S H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Hanks
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Lyons
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Crowe
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lucas
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Yetman
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy* / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016462:Mammaplasty / Q000379:methods*; D015411:Mastectomy, Modified Radical; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011855:Radiodermatitis / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology*; D011879:Radiotherapy Dosage; D018714:Radiotherapy, Adjuvant; D017568:Rectus Abdominis / Q000528:radiation effects* / Q000637:transplantation; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013524:Surgical Flaps