title: The thought translation device (TTD) for completely paralyzed patients.
abstract: The thought translation device trains locked-in patients to self-regulate slow cortical potentials (SCP's) of their electroencephalogram (EEG). After operant learning of SCP self-control, patients select letters, words or pictograms in a computerized language support program. Results of five respirated, locked-in-patients are described, demonstrating the usefulness of the thought translation device as an alternative communication channel in motivated totally paralyzed patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Tübingen, Germany.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Birbaumer
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kübler
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ghanayim
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hinterberger
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Perelmouter
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kaiser
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Iversen
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kotchoubey
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Neumann
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Flor
mesh_terms: D001676:Biofeedback, Psychology / Q000502:physiology; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003143:Communication Devices for People with Disabilities; D004569:Electroencephalography / Q000295:instrumentation*; D005071:Evoked Potentials / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D016472:Motor Neuron Disease / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000534:rehabilitation; D011782:Quadriplegia / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D012815:Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000295:instrumentation; D013850:Thinking / Q000502:physiology*; D014584:User-Computer Interface