title: Serum oxytetracycline concentrations in African elephant (Loxodonta africana) calves after long-acting formulation injection.
abstract: Serum oxytetracycline pharmacokinetics were studied in 18 African elephant (Loxodonta africana) calves. Each elephant received separate injections of oxytetracycline at approximately 18 mg/kg i.m. and 8 mg/kg i.v. in a cross-over study. Blood samples were drawn at 0, 24, 48, 72, and 96 hr postinjection. An additional sample was drawn 110 hr before the animals were reinjected in the cross-over study and a final blood sample was drawn 48 hr after the second dose. No lameness or stiffness was observed following i.m. injections. Serum oxytetracycline concentrations >0.5 microg/ml were present 48 hr after initial dosing for all elephants (i.m., i.v., high or low dosage). Only elephants given the high i.m. dosage (18 mg/kg) maintained levels >0.5 microg/ml 72 hr postinjection. No significant difference in serum oxytetracycline concentration with time was observed between the groups given different i.v. dosages. These studies demonstrated that quantifiable serum oxytetracycline concentrations can be maintained in young African elephants with a low-dosage multidose i.m. regimen.
authors.affiliation: Conservation and Research Center, National Zoological Park, Smithsonian Institution, Front Royal, Virginia 22630, USA.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bush
authors.forename: M K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Stoskopf
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Raath
authors.forename: M G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Papich
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D004606:Elephants / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D006207:Half-Life; D007273:Injections, Intramuscular / Q000662:veterinary; D007275:Injections, Intravenous / Q000662:veterinary; D010118:Oxytetracycline / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D013810:Therapeutic Equivalency
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D010118:Oxytetracycline