title: Sensitive detection of DNA polymorphisms by the serial invasive signal amplification reaction.
abstract: The invasive signal amplification reaction has been previously developed for quantitative detection of nucleic acids and discrimination of single-nucleotide polymorphisms. Here we describe a method that couples two invasive reactions into a serial isothermal homogeneous assay using fluorescence resonance energy transfer detection. The serial version of the assay generates more than 10(7) reporter molecules for each molecule of target DNA in a 4-h reaction; this sensitivity, coupled with the exquisite specificity of the reaction, is sufficient for direct detection of less than 1,000 target molecules with no prior target amplification. Here we present a kinetic analysis of the parameters affecting signal and background generation in the serial invasive signal amplification reaction and describe a simple kinetic model of the assay. We demonstrate the ability of the assay to detect as few as 600 copies of the methylene tetrahydrofolate reductase gene in samples of human genomic DNA. We also demonstrate the ability of the assay to discriminate single base differences in this gene by using 20 ng of human genomic DNA.
authors.affiliation: Third Wave Technologies, Incorporated, 502 South Rosa Road, Madison, WI 53719, USA.
authors.forename: J G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Hall
authors.forename: P S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Eis
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Law
authors.forename: L P
authors.initials: LP
authors.lastname: Reynaldo
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Prudent
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Marshall
authors.forename: H T
authors.initials: HT
authors.lastname: Allawi
authors.forename: A L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Mast
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Dahlberg
authors.forename: R W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Kwiatkowski
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: de Arruda
authors.forename: B P
authors.initials: BP
authors.lastname: Neri
authors.forename: V I
authors.initials: VI
authors.lastname: Lyamichev
mesh_terms: D001483:Base Sequence; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics*; D006515:Hepatitis B virus / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D007700:Kinetics; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D021141:Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic
chemical_list: D004279:DNA, Viral