title: Intracellular pH regulation by Na(+)/H(+) exchange requires phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate.
abstract: The carrier-mediated, electroneutral exchange of Na(+) for H(+) across the plasma membrane does not directly consume metabolic energy. Nevertheless, acute depletion of cellular ATP markedly decreases transport. We analyzed the possible involvement of polyphosphoinositides in the metabolic regulation of NHE1, the ubiquitous isoform of the Na(+)/H(+) exchanger. Depletion of ATP was accompanied by a marked reduction of plasmalemmal phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP(2)) content. Moreover, sequestration or hydrolysis of plasmalemmal PIP(2), in the absence of ATP depletion, was associated with profound inhibition of NHE1 activity. Examination of the primary structure of the COOH-terminal domain of NHE1 revealed two potential PIP(2)-binding motifs. Fusion proteins encoding these motifs bound PIP(2) in vitro. When transfected into antiport-deficient cells, mutant forms of NHE1 lacking the putative PIP(2)-binding domains had greatly reduced transport capability, implying that association with PIP(2) is required for optimal activity. These findings suggest that NHE1 activity is modulated by phosphoinositides and that the inhibitory effect of ATP depletion may be attributable, at least in part, to the accompanying net dephosphorylation of PIP(2).
authors.affiliation: Cell Biology Programme, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X8, Canada.
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Aharonovitz
authors.forename: H C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Zaun
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Balla
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: York
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Orlowski
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Grinstein
mesh_terms: D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000172:deficiency / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D001665:Binding Sites / Q000235:genetics; D016466:CHO Cells; D019556:COS Cells; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D002147:Calmodulin / Q000378:metabolism; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000378:metabolism; D006224:Cricetinae; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration / Q000187:drug effects; D007424:Intracellular Fluid / Q000378:metabolism*; D016297:Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; D009355:Neomycin / Q000494:pharmacology; D015388:Organelles / Q000378:metabolism; D019269:Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-Diphosphate / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D010744:Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases / Q000378:metabolism; D011485:Protein Binding / Q000187:drug effects; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary / Q000235:genetics; D051381:Rats; D017384:Sequence Deletion / Q000235:genetics; D017923:Sodium-Hydrogen Exchangers / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D000099182:Phosphoinositide 5-Phosphatases
chemical_list: D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D002118:Calcium; D002147:Calmodulin; D009355:Neomycin; D019269:Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-Diphosphate; D010744:Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases; D017923:Sodium-Hydrogen Exchangers; D000099182:Phosphoinositide 5-Phosphatases; C069139:growth factor-activatable Na-H exchanger NHE-1