title: Progress towards the eradication of poliomyelitis globally and in Africa, January 2000.
abstract: Led by an international partnership including Rotary International, the WHO, UNICEF and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in the USA, the global initiative to eradicate poliomyelitis has made remarkable progress since its beginning in 1988. The number of polio cases has decreased from an estimated 350,000 cases in 1988 to just over 5,000 reported cases in 1999. Following successful eradication from the WHO Region of the America's, certified as polio-free in 1994, wild poliovirus was last reported from the Western Pacific Region (including China) in 1997, and from the European Region (including all countries of the former Soviet Union) in November 1998. Large parts of Southern and Northern Africa and the Middle East are also polio-free. This success is related to the implementation of annual nationwide supplemental oral poliovaccine (OPV) campaigns in all recently or currently polio-endemic countries, targeting all children under 5 years with two doses of OPV. Progress of the initiative is monitored by special surveillance systems for all cases of acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) in children under 15 years, including virological testing to rule out wild poliovirus infection. The initiative currently focuses on a limited number of remaining endemic countries in South Asia and Africa, including India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, and Nigeria. The initiative is also beginning to be successful in several countries affected by conflict situations, such as Afghanistan, Sudan (South), Somalia, Democratic Republic of the Congo and Angola.
authors.affiliation: Expanded Programme on Immunization, Vaccine and Biologicals, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland. tangermannr@who.ch
authors.forename: R H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Tangermann
authors.forename: B R
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Aylward
authors.forename: H F
authors.initials: HF
authors.lastname: Hull
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Nkowane
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Everts
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Olive
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000293:Adolescent; D000349:Africa; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D019353:Endemic Diseases; D014943:Global Health; D006801:Humans; D007391:International Cooperation; D009123:Muscle Hypotonia / Q000517:prevention & control; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D010243:Paralysis / Q000517:prevention & control; D011051:Poliomyelitis / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011055:Poliovirus Vaccine, Oral / Q000008:administration & dosage; D011159:Population Surveillance; D014611:Vaccination; D014944:World Health Organization
chemical_list: D011055:Poliovirus Vaccine, Oral