title: Local infiltration with NSAIDs for postoperative analgesia: evidence for a peripheral analgesic action.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In order to investigate the evidence for a peripheral analgesic effect of local infiltration with nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in postoperative pain, we conducted a systematic review.
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomised controlled and double-blind trials were evaluated. Outcome measures were pain scores, the use of supplementary analgesics, and time to first analgesic request. Efficacy was estimated by significant difference (P<0.05) as reported in the original reports and by calculation of the weighted mean difference of pain scores between treatment groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sixteen studies with data from 844 patients were considered appropriate for analysis. The NSAIDs were administered as intra-articular injections, as components of intravenous regional anaesthesia (IVRA), and by wound infiltration and were compared with systemic administration or placebo. In the four studies comparing intra-articular NSAIDs with systemic administration a statistically significant effect in favour of intraarticular NSAIDs was found. Only one study compared IVRA NSAID with systemic administration, showing a significant effect in favour of IVRA administration. No more than two of the five studies comparing intrawound NSAIDs with systemic administration showed significant effect after intrawound administration. Most of the studies comparing local infiltration with placebo showed significant effect in favour of local infiltration.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is evidence for a clinically relevant peripheral analgesic action of intra-articular NSAIDs while results of IVRA and wound infiltration with NSAIDs in postoperative pain are inconclusive. Trials without a systemic control group were not considered to provide evidence for a local effect.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutics, The Royal Danish School of Pharmacy, Copenhagen. jr@mail.dfh.dk
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rømsing
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Møiniche
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ostergaard
authors.forename: J B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Dahl
mesh_terms: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D006801:Humans; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000188:drug therapy*; D017933:Peripheral Nervous System / Q000187:drug effects*; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal