title: Decreased health care use among patients with silent myocardial ischemia: support for a generalized rather than cardiac-specific silence.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The absence of angina among patients with silent myocardial ischemia (SMI) may be a cardiac phenomenon or may reflect a generalized lack of bodily awareness and symptom reporting. We tested the hypothesis that the silence is generalized, and, therefore, that patients with SMI would make fewer health care visits for noncardiac/chest-pain problems than patients with symptomatic ischemia.
  
  
  METHODS
  We counted all out-patient visits to our medical system for the prior 18 months for 95 patients who demonstrated ischemia during treadmill exercise testing and subsequent nuclear scanning: 62 of the patients had SMI during exercise, and 33 of the patients had symptomatic ischemia.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients with SMI made were significantly less likely to have sought emergency care or primary care and had significantly fewer primary care visits than patients with symptomatic ischemia. Group differences remained after controlling for demographics and health status variables. The two groups did not differ on utilization of specialty care.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The reduced use of emergency and primary care among patients with SMI suggests that they have a generalized rather than cardiac-specific reduction in somatic awareness and/or symptom reporting.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Wayne State University, 71 West Warren Avenue, Detroit, MI 48202, USA. mlumley@sun.science.wayne.edu
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lumley
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Rowland
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Torosian
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bank
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ketterer
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pickard
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002637:Chest Pain; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D004632:Emergency Medical Services / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005080:Exercise Test; D005260:Female; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017202:Myocardial Ischemia / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis; D011320:Primary Health Care / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012649:Self Concept