title: Calcitonin and calcitonin gene-related peptide in the human prostate gland.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Calcitonin-related peptides have been found in the human prostate, and calcitonin (CT) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) have been demonstrated in subpopulations of neuroendocrine (NE) cells. The purpose of this study was to determine the concentrations of CT and CGRP as well as the densities of NE cells in normal prostates, benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), and carcinoma of the prostate (CAP).
  
  
  METHODS
  In 42 specimens of radical prostatectomy, the number of CT- and CGRP-immunoreactive NE cells in areas of normal and BPH tissue was determined, and compared with CAP tissue using immunocytochemistry. In addition, by radioimmunoassay (RIA), tissue levels of CT and CGRP were analyzed in extracts from areas of normal, BPH, and CAP tissue, as verified by adjacent histologic sections.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A significant decrease in CT-immunoreactive NE cells was observed in hyperplastic nodules of BPH in comparison to normal tissue. These findings were in parallel with a significant reduction in tissue CT level in BPH compared to normal tissue. There was also a marked, but statistically nonsignificant, reduction in CT levels in CAP tissue. In contrast, levels of CGRP in BPH and CAP tissue did not show any significant differences compared to normal tissue.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CT and CGRP are present in NE cells of the human prostate. Calcitonin levels are significantly reduced in BPH, in parallel with a decreased number of CT-immunoreactive NE cells, whereas no significant changes in tissue levels of CGRP were observed. The functional significance of these findings is discussed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, University of Lund, Lund University Hospital, Lund, Sweden. per-anders.abrahamsson@urokir.lu.se
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Abrahamsson
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Dizeyi
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Alm
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: di Sant'Agnese
authors.forename: L J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Deftos
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Aumüller
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002116:Calcitonin / Q000032:analysis* / Q000235:genetics; D015740:Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide / Q000032:analysis* / Q000235:genetics; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology*; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D008875:Middle Aged; D011467:Prostate / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000473:pathology / Q000502:physiology; D011468:Prostatectomy; D011470:Prostatic Hyperplasia / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology*; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology*; D011863:Radioimmunoassay
chemical_list: D002116:Calcitonin; D015740:Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide