title: Optimizing the therapeutic approach of transurethral alprostadil.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the efficacy and safety of two different starting doses of transurethral alprostadil (250 microg and 500 microg, MUSE, Vivus Inc., Menlo Park, CA, USA, and Astra Läkemedel AB, Södertälje, Sweden) and the need for dose titration in a general population with erectile dysfunction.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a 12-week randomized and open multicentre study with parallel groups, 166 patients were randomised to a starting dose of either 250 or 500 microg of MUSE and evaluated for safety. Of these patients, 142 were included in the analysis of efficacy. MUSE marked in four doses (125, 250, 500 and 1000 microg) was supplied and during the trial the dose could be increased or decreased step-wise until a satisfactory response was attained. The efficacy was assessed using the Erection Assessment Scale (EAS), as coitus (by diary) and the International Index of Erectile Function.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The lowest dose of MUSE with which the patients achieved at least one EAS score of 4 or 5 was 125 microg for 1% of participants, 250 ++microg for 27%, 500 microg for 32%, 1000 microg for 6%, and finally 1000 microg plus a pubic band for 8%. Thirty-five of the 142 patients (25%) did not report an EAS of 4 or 5. Most patients (> 60%) achieved an EAS of 4 or 5 on the lower doses (125, 250 and 500 microg). Almost all patients who had an EAS score of 4 or 5 also had intercourse. In all, 68% reported sexual intercourse at least once in course of the study. More patients reported penile pain while treated with 500 microg than with 250 microg (P < 0.05) during the first 4 weeks. However, the penile pain was severe in very few men and it was a minor problem. Hypotensive symptoms were reported six times, independently of dose level. The administration of MUSE was generally rated as comfortable. No patients reported urethral stricture, penile fibrosis, or priapism either in the clinic or at home.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Recommending 500 microg as a starting dose increased the percentage of patients reporting at least one EAS of 4-5, with or without sexual intercourse, from 28% to 60%. No serious dose-related systemic effects were seen. When starting on 500 microg, patients were more likely to find directly the dose that gave sufficient response and treatment satisfaction. We suggest that the appropriate starting dose of MUSE should be 500 microg.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Urology at Karolinska Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden. pekman@kir.ks.se
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ekman
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sjögren
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Englund
authors.forename: B E
authors.initials: BE
authors.lastname: Persson
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000527:Alprostadil / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004333:Drug Administration Routes; D007172:Erectile Dysfunction / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014521:Urethra; D014665:Vasodilator Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects
chemical_list: D014665:Vasodilator Agents; D000527:Alprostadil