title: Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 expression is regulated by the angiotensin type 1 receptor in vivo.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The fibrinolytic system plays an important role in degrading fibrin-rich thrombi and in vascular and tissue remodeling. Elevated levels of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) can reduce the efficiency of the endogenous fibrinolytic system. Angiotensin (Ang) has been shown to regulate PAI-1 expression via the Ang type 1 (AT1) receptor in some tissues and via the AT4 receptor in cultured endothelium. The purpose of this study was to examine the tissue-specific pattern of PAI-1 expression in response to infusion of Ang II in vivo.
  
  
  METHODS
  Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats (N = 5 in each group) were treated with four hours of intravenous infusions of Ang II or vehicle control while mean arterial pressure (MAP) was monitored: group 1, 600 ng/kg/min Ang II; group 2, Ang II + 10 mg/kg of the AT1 receptor antagonist (AT1RA) L158-809 q2 hour; group 3, Ang II + 0.01 to 0.1 mg/kg hydralazine as required to maintain normal blood pressure; and group 4, saline-infused controls. After infusion, tissue was harvested for Northern blotting, immunohistochemical analysis, and in situ hybridization.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In group 1, Ang II infusion increased MAP from 105 +/- 8 to 160 +/- 9 mm Hg (mean +/- SE, P < 0. 01). Ang II induced increased expression of PAI-1 mRNA in all tissues examined from 5.1-fold in the heart, 9.7-fold in the kidney, 10.0-fold in the aorta, and up to 30.0-fold in the liver (all P < 0. 01 vs. control). While both AT1RA (group 3) and hydralazine (group 4) prevented Ang II-induced elevation in blood pressure, the Ang II-dependent expression of PAI-1 mRNA was reduced by only AT1 receptor blockade.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We conclude that in the rat, PAI-1 is induced in a variety of tissues by Ang II directly through the AT1 receptor, independent of its effects on blood pressure.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Pathology, Medicine, and Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: D E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Vaughan
authors.forename: A B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Fogo
mesh_terms: D000804:Angiotensin II / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D001011:Aorta / Q000737:chemistry; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D015152:Blotting, Northern; D016326:Extracellular Matrix Proteins / Q000502:physiology; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D006977:Hypertension, Renal / Q000503:physiopathology; D017403:In Situ Hybridization; D007668:Kidney / Q000737:chemistry; D008099:Liver / Q000737:chemistry; D008297:Male; D009206:Myocardium / Q000737:chemistry; D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D044140:Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1; D044139:Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 2; D011945:Receptors, Angiotensin / Q000502:physiology*; D012084:Renin-Angiotensin System / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D014662:Vasoconstrictor Agents / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D016326:Extracellular Matrix Proteins; D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D044140:Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1; D044139:Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 2; D011945:Receptors, Angiotensin; D014662:Vasoconstrictor Agents; D000804:Angiotensin II