title: Low-dose gabapentin combined with either lamotrigine or carbamazepine can be useful therapies for trigeminal neuralgia in multiple sclerosis.
abstract: Paroxysmal symptoms occur frequently in multiple sclerosis (MS). Usually they are treated with carbamazepine (CBZ) and phenytoin, although these medications are often interrupted due to adverse effects. We report 11 MS patients with trigeminal neuralgia (TN): 6 intolerant to a therapeutic dosage of CBZ, showing serious adverse effects and subsequently treated with a combination of low-dose CBZ and gabapentin (GBP) (group 1); 5 treated with lamotrigine (LMT), showing adverse effects and subsequently treated with GBP (group 2). Subjective pain level and impairment in performing daily activities were rated utilizing a 3-point scale at time 0 and at optimal dosage time (T1). GBP was initiated at 300 mg daily and titrated, until pain control was achieved without new adverse effects, to a maximum dose of 1,200 mg daily. CBZ or LMT were reduced to a level which no longer produced adverse effects, although resulting in a lack of efficacy in relieving pain. Pain control was obtained in all patients but 1, with no side effects. The plasma level analysis, performed in 5 patients, resulted in normal values. The mean dosages at T1 were: group 1 CBZ 400 mg and GBP 850 mg daily; group 2 LMT 150 mg and GBP 780 mg daily. Combining drugs with complementary modes of action may provide a rational pharmacological approach to the management of TN in MS.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurological Sciences and Rehabilitation, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy. labunit@cisi.unige.it
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Solaro
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Messmer Uccelli
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Uccelli
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Leandri
authors.forename: G L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Mancardi
mesh_terms: D000085:Acetates / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000588:Amines; D000927:Anticonvulsants / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D002220:Carbamazepine / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D003509:Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acids; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D000077206:Gabapentin; D006801:Humans; D000077213:Lamotrigine; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020528:Multiple Sclerosis, Chronic Progressive / Q000188:drug therapy; D020529:Multiple Sclerosis, Relapsing-Remitting / Q000188:drug therapy*; D010147:Pain Measurement; D014227:Triazines / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D014277:Trigeminal Neuralgia / Q000188:drug therapy*; D005680:gamma-Aminobutyric Acid
chemical_list: D000085:Acetates; D000588:Amines; D000927:Anticonvulsants; D003509:Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acids; D014227:Triazines; D002220:Carbamazepine; D005680:gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; D000077206:Gabapentin; D000077213:Lamotrigine