title: "Allograft-inflammatory-factor-1 is upregulated in microglial cells in human cerebral infarctions".
abstract: Allograft inflammatory factor-1 (AIF-1) is a 17-kDa-peptide identified in rat cardiac allografts undergoing chronic rejection and in activated microglial cells in inflammatory autoimune disease of the CNS. We have investigated the expression of AIF-1 in 18 autopsy cases of human focal cerebral infarction. AIF-1-positive cells show the morphology of microglia and are CD68- but not GFAP-positive. The peptide is expressed at a low level in normal brain. In infarctions, activated microglial cells in the area of glial reaction show strongly enhanced cytoplasmic immunoreactivity. The density of AIF-1-expressing cells increases during the first three days post infarction and remains elevated until chronic cystic stages. The upregulation of AIF-1-immunoreactivity precedes the rise in expression of the S-100-protein MRP-8. We conclude that AIF-1 is a sensitive marker of human microglial activation not only in inflammation but also in non-inflammatory lesions of the CNS.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Calwer Strosse 3, D-72076, Tübingen, Germany.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Postler
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rimner
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Beschorner
authors.forename: H J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Schluesener
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Meyermann
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000378:metabolism; D000943:Antigens, Differentiation / Q000378:metabolism; D015214:Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic / Q000378:metabolism; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D002135:Calcium-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D040501:Calgranulin A; D002544:Cerebral Infarction / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D003593:Cytoplasm / Q000378:metabolism; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D005260:Female; D005904:Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein / Q000032:analysis; D006684:HLA-DR Antigens / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D008840:Microfilament Proteins; D017628:Microglia / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D008875:Middle Aged; D009336:Necrosis; D013997:Time Factors; D015854:Up-Regulation; D000097382:CD68 Molecule
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD; D000943:Antigens, Differentiation; D015214:Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic; D002135:Calcium-Binding Proteins; D040501:Calgranulin A; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D005904:Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein; D006684:HLA-DR Antigens; D008840:Microfilament Proteins; C112986:AIF1 protein, human; C100745:Aif1 protein, rat; C067980:CD68 antigen, human; D000097382:CD68 Molecule