title: Postnatal development of orexin/hypocretin in rats.
abstract: We examined developmental changes of orexins/hypocretins and their receptors (OX1R and OX2R) in the rat hypothalamus from postnatal day 0 to 10 weeks, using in situ hybridization histochemistry for the prepro-orexin, OX1R and OX2R mRNAs and immunohistochemistry for orexin-A and orexin-B. The prepro-orexin mRNA was weakly detected in the lateral hypothalamic area (LHA) from days 0 to 15. Orexin-A- and -B-like immunopositive cells and fibers were not detected from days 0 to 10, but they were observed after day 15. The prepro-orexin mRNA in the LHA markedly increased between days 15 and 20. The OX1R mRNA was detected in the ventromedial hypothalamic area (VMH) at day 0. The OX2R mRNA was not detected in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) at days 0 and 1, but weakly observed on day 5. The OX1R mRNA in the VMH and OX2R mRNA in the PVN gradually increased throughout the postnatal period. Next, we examined the effects of milk deprivation and intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration of leptin on the hypothalamic prepro-orexin mRNA in pups. Although 24-h milk deprivation did not affect the level of the prepro-orexin mRNA at days 5 and 10, i.p. administration of leptin from days 0 to 3 caused a significant increase in the prepro-orexin mRNA on days 5 and 10. These results suggest that the development of orexins may be associated with developmental changes such as increase of leptin, weaning, feeding and sleep/wakefulness states.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu 807-8555, Japan.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ueta
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hara
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Serino
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nomura
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Shibuya
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shirahata
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yamashita
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000833:Animals, Suckling; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D005508:Food Deprivation / Q000502:physiology; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D017403:In Situ Hybridization; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D020738:Leptin / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology; D008892:Milk; D009479:Neuropeptides / Q000235:genetics*; D018377:Neurotransmitter Agents / Q000235:genetics; D064446:Orexin Receptors; D000068797:Orexins; D010286:Paraventricular Hypothalamic Nucleus / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011498:Protein Precursors / Q000235:genetics; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D043562:Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled; D018013:Receptors, Neuropeptide / Q000235:genetics; D014697:Ventromedial Hypothalamic Nucleus / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D002352:Carrier Proteins; C578627:Hcrtr1 protein, rat; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D020738:Leptin; D009479:Neuropeptides; D018377:Neurotransmitter Agents; D064446:Orexin Receptors; D000068797:Orexins; D011498:Protein Precursors; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D043562:Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled; D018013:Receptors, Neuropeptide