title: A revised natural history model for primary sclerosing cholangitis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe a natural history model for primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) that is based on routine clinical findings and test results and eliminates the need for liver biopsy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using the Cox proportional hazards analysis, we created a survival model based on 405 patients with PSC from 5 clinical centers. Independent validation of the model was undertaken by applying it to 124 patients who were not included in the model creation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Based on the multivariate analysis of 405 patients, a risk score was defined by the following formula: R = 0.03 (age [y]) + 0.54 loge (bilirubin [mg/dL]) + 0.54 loge (aspartate aminotransferase [U/L]) + 1.24 (variceal bleeding [0/1]) - 0.84 (albumin [g/dL]). The risk score was used to obtain survival estimates up to 4 years of follow-up. Application of this model to an independent group of 124 patients showed good correlation between estimated and actual survival.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A new model to estimate patient survival in PSC includes more reproducible variables (age, bilirubin, albumin, aspartate aminotransferase, and history of variceal bleeding), has accuracy comparable to previous models, and obviates the need for a liver biopsy.
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn. 55905, USA.
authors.forename: W R
authors.initials: WR
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: T M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Therneau
authors.forename: R H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Wiesner
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Poterucha
authors.forename: J T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Benson
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Malinchoc
authors.forename: N F
authors.initials: NF
authors.lastname: LaRusso
authors.forename: K D
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Lindor
authors.forename: E R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Dickson
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases / Q000097:blood; D001663:Bilirubin / Q000097:blood; D001706:Biopsy; D015209:Cholangitis, Sclerosing / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004932:Esophageal and Gastric Varices / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006471:Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D008099:Liver / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D015233:Models, Statistical; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D011379:Prognosis; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012709:Serum Albumin / Q000032:analysis; D016019:Survival Analysis; D015996:Survival Rate
chemical_list: D012709:Serum Albumin; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases; D001663:Bilirubin