title: Novel in vitro effects of bucillamine: inhibitory effects on proinflammatory cytokine production and transendothelial migration of T cells.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the novel antiinflammatory mechanism of a disease-modifying antirheumatic drug, bucillamine, on activated T cells, specifically its effect on T cell proliferation, cytokine production, and migration of T cells.
  
  
  METHODS
  T cells were cultured in wells coated with anti-CD3 monoclonal antibodies (mAb) plus anti-CD26 mAb or anti-CD3 plus anti-CD28 mAb, with or without bucillamine. Proliferative responses and the production of interleukin-2 (IL-2), interferon-gamma (IFNgamma), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha), IL-6, IL-4, and IL-5 were measured under these costimulatory conditions. Phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-activated T cells were cultured on human umbilical vein endothelial cell-coated transwells in the presence or absence of bucillamine, and T cells migrating through the endothelial cell layer were counted. Immunofluorescence analysis was also performed to analyze the effect of bucillamine on the surface expression of adhesion molecules on T cells.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Bucillamine (64 microM) significantly inhibited T cell proliferation and the production of IL-2, IFNgamma, TNFalpha, and IL-6, whereas it had no inhibitory effects on the production of IL-4 and IL-5 in the cultures with anti-CD3 plus anti-CD26 mAb. In contrast, bucillamine had no effects on T cell proliferation or any cytokine production in the cultures with anti-CD3 plus anti-CD28 mAb. Furthermore, the same concentration of bucillamine inhibited transendothelial migration of PHA-activated T cells, and reduced the expression level of CD44 on T cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study demonstrated the novel effects of bucillamine in vitro, showing inhibition of type 1 T helper-type cytokine production and proinflammatory cytokine production induced by certain costimulatory conditions, and inhibition of transendothelial migration of T cells. The inhibition of T cell migration appeared to be mediated partly through the reduced expression of CD44, an adhesion molecule on the T cell surface.
authors.affiliation: Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Munakata
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Iwata
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dobers
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ishii
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nori
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Morimoto
mesh_terms: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000187:drug effects*; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003545:Cysteine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation / Q000187:drug effects*; D008222:Lymphokines / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D010835:Phytohemagglutinins / Q000494:pharmacology; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D008222:Lymphokines; D010835:Phytohemagglutinins; D003545:Cysteine; C026535:bucillamine