title: Effects of hormone replacement therapy on bone mineral density in postmenopausal women with primary hyperparathyroidism: four-year follow-up and comparison with healthy postmenopausal women.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Long-term treatment of patients with asymptomatic primary hyperparathyroidism remains controversial, but the presence of osteoporosis is regarded as an indication for parathyroidectomy. Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is a possible alternative therapy in osteopenic postmenopausal women with the disorder, and results of short-term studies suggest a beneficial effect on bone mass comparable to that achieved by parathyroidectomy. Longer-term data are required to further assess the efficacy of this treatment in chronic stable primary hyperparathyroidism.
  
  
  METHODS
  We report the results of the extension from 2 to 4 years of a randomized, placebo-controlled trial of HRT in postmenopausal women with primary hyperparathyroidism. Of 23 postmenopausal women with primary hyperparathyroidism, 11 received active HRT with conjugated equine estrogen, 0.625 mg/d, and medroxyprogesterone acetate, 5 mg/d, and 12 received placebo. Bone mineral density was measured throughout the skeleton at 6-month intervals using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry in these women and in 50 normocalcemic age-matched control subjects. None of the 23 patients withdrew during the extension period.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Changes in bone mineral density were more positive in those taking HRT than placebo, with the between-group differences at 4 years being 4.6% in the total body, 7.5% in the lumbar spine, 7.4% in the femoral neck, 8.2% in the femoral trochanter, 6.8% in the legs, and 7.0% in the forearm (P<.01). At skeletal sites composed predominantly of cortical bone, there was a progressive divergence of the 2 groups. Biochemical markers of bone turnover remained lower throughout the study in women taking HRT. When rates of bone loss were compared between the placebo group and healthy women of comparable age, bone loss tended to be more marked throughout the skeleton in women with hyperparathyroidism, but only in the total body and its legs subregion was this difference significant.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hormone replacement therapy is efficacious in the long-term management of osteopenia in postmenopausal women with primary hyperparathyroidism and thus represents an important new therapeutic option for asymptomatic patients who do not have other indications for surgery. Bone loss seems to be accelerated in untreated primary hyperparathyroidism.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand. i.reid@auckland.ac.nz
authors.forename: B J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Orr-Walker
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Evans
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Clearwater
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Horne
authors.forename: A B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Grey
authors.forename: I R
authors.initials: IR
authors.lastname: Reid
mesh_terms: D015502:Absorptiometry, Photon; D000368:Aged; D015992:Body Mass Index; D015519:Bone Density / Q000187:drug effects*; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D004966:Estrogens, Conjugated (USP) / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D020249:Hormone Replacement Therapy; D006801:Humans; D006961:Hyperparathyroidism / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism*; D017258:Medroxyprogesterone Acetate / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015663:Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control*; D017698:Postmenopause / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D045167:Progesterone Congeners / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D004966:Estrogens, Conjugated (USP); D045167:Progesterone Congeners; D017258:Medroxyprogesterone Acetate