title: The polarity and magnitude of ambient charge influences three-dimensional neurite extension from DRGs.
abstract: Sulfated proteoglycans have inhibitory effects on neurite extension, and the negative charge of the glycosaminoglycan side chains may be involved in the inhibitory process. The main goal of this study is to investigate the effects of charge on three-dimensional neurite extension. Various concentrations of dermatan sulfate (DS), a chondroitin sulfate glycosaminoglycan, and consequently, various degrees of negative charge were presented on three-dimensional agarose hydrogels and the effect of charge on neurite extension from primary neurons was investigated. Dose-response experiments were also performed with the polycationic (positively charged) polysaccharide chitosan covalently coupled to agarose. The amount of DS or chitosan coupled to the agarose gel was quantified via metachromatic dye or Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy methods, respectively. The length of embryonic day 9 (E9) chick dorsal root ganglia neurites extended through charged agarose gels is dependent on the polarity and quantity of ambient charge. The inhibitory effects of the sulfated DS and the enhancing effects of the polycationic chitosan on neurite extension decrease as the amount of DS or chitosan coupled to agarose is decreased. These findings indicate that primary neural process extension is influenced by the polarity of ambient charge in a dose-responsive manner.
authors.affiliation: Biomaterials, Cell and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Wickenden Building No. 319, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106-7207, USA.
authors.forename: G P
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Dillon
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: R V
authors.initials: RV
authors.lastname: Bellamkonda
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000737:chemistry*; D001704:Biopolymers / Q000737:chemistry; D002240:Carbohydrate Sequence; D016764:Cell Polarity; D002642:Chick Embryo; D002686:Chitin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000737:chemistry; D048271:Chitosan; D046508:Culture Techniques; D003871:Dermatan Sulfate / Q000737:chemistry; D004563:Electrochemistry; D005727:Ganglia, Spinal / Q000502:physiology* / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D008422:Materials Testing; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016501:Neurites / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D012685:Sepharose / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D001704:Biopolymers; D002686:Chitin; D003871:Dermatan Sulfate; D012685:Sepharose; D048271:Chitosan