title: Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy ((1)H-MRS) of the brain following high-dose methotrexate treatment for childhood cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  To avoid the late sequelae associated with cranial radiation therapy in childhood, intermediate- or high-dose intravenous methotrexate (HDMTX) has found increasing application as a means of preventing the development of overt central nervous system disease in childhood acute leukaemia. However, acute and chronic neurotoxicity has been described following HDMTX therapy, and the long-term intellectual outcome in children treated in this way is inadequately documented. Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy ((1)H-MRS) of the brain is a noninvasive, quantitative way of assessing aspects of cerebral metabolism, which has not previously been applied to the study of children undergoing central nervous system directed therapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  To evaluate the potential role of (1)H-MRS in the investigation of related neurotoxicity, 11 children who had received HDMTX (cumulative dose 6-96 g/m(2)) underwent localised (1)H-MRS, magnetic resonance imaging. Neuropsychological assessments were performed on the children who had more than 1 year of follow-up time since last methotrexate treatment. Control (1)H-MRS studies on 11 adult and 6 young volunteers were undertaken. Eight patients had spectra of adequate quality. Comparisons between (1)H-MRS metabolite ratios and normal controls were made.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients had a low choline/water ratio compared to controls (P < 0.01). No differences between patient and control NAA/water, Cr/water, Naa/Cr, and Cho/Cr ratios were seen. Overall, 3 patients had abnormal white matter changes on MRI. The mean IQ of the patients (104.1) was in the normal range.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It is postulated that choline depletion in the brains of these patients may reflect subclinical disturbances of myelin metabolism as a result of methotrexate therapy and may represent a possible avenue of treatment in patients with clinical chronic methotrexate-related neurotoxicity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology, The Royal Marsden Hospital, Surrey, England. Diana.Tait@RMH.Nthames.nhs.uk
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Davidson
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Payne
authors.forename: M O
authors.initials: MO
authors.lastname: Leach
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: McVicar
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Britton
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Watson
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Tait
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000964:Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic / Q000009:adverse effects*; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002493:Central Nervous System Diseases / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007938:Leukemia / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000532:radiotherapy; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D008297:Male; D008727:Methotrexate / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D000964:Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic; D008727:Methotrexate