title: Blocking adenylyl cyclase inhibits olfactory generator currents induced by "IP(3)-odors".
abstract: Vertebrate olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs) transduce odor stimuli into electrical signals by means of an adenylyl cyclase/cAMP second messenger cascade, but it remains widely debated whether this cAMP cascade mediates transduction for all odorants or only certain odor classes. To address this problem, we have analyzed the generator currents induced by odors that failed to produce cAMP in previous biochemical assays but instead produced IP(3) ("IP(3)-odors"). We show that in single salamander ORNs, sensory responses to "cAMP-odors" and IP(3)-odors are not mutually exclusive but coexist in the same cells. The currents induced by IP(3)-odors exhibit identical biophysical properties as those induced by cAMP odors or direct activation of the cAMP cascade. By disrupting adenylyl cyclase to block cAMP formation using two potent antagonists of adenylyl cyclase, SQ22536 and MDL12330A, we show that this molecular step is necessary for the transduction of both odor classes. To assess whether these results are also applicable to mammals, we examine the electrophysiological responses to IP(3)-odors in intact mouse main olfactory epithelium (MOE) by recording field potentials. The results show that inhibition of adenylyl cyclase prevents EOG responses to both odor classes in mouse MOE, even when "hot spots" with heightened sensitivity to IP(3)-odors are examined.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology and Program in Neuroscience, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: A P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Lane
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bock
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Leinders-Zufall
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zufall
mesh_terms: D015056:1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine / Q000494:pharmacology; D000225:Adenine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D000067956:Adenylyl Cyclase Inhibitors; D000262:Adenylyl Cyclases / Q000378:metabolism; D000447:Aldehydes; D000557:Ambystoma; D000818:Animals; D000242:Cyclic AMP / Q000378:metabolism; D053138:Cyclohexenes; D004594:Electrophysiology; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D007097:Imines / Q000494:pharmacology; D015544:Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate; D051379:Mice; D009812:Odorants; D018034:Olfactory Receptor Neurons / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology*; D010726:Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology; D012903:Smell / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D013268:Stimulation, Chemical
chemical_list: D000067956:Adenylyl Cyclase Inhibitors; D000447:Aldehydes; D053138:Cyclohexenes; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D007097:Imines; D010726:Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors; C017759:9-(tetrahydro-2-furyl)-adenine; C014925:RMI 12330A; D015544:Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate; D000242:Cyclic AMP; D000262:Adenylyl Cyclases; D000225:Adenine; C092244:hydroxyisohexyl 3-cyclohexene carboxaldehyde; C038018:lilial; D015056:1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine