title: Risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus in young adults from a biracial community: the Bogalusa Heart Study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Since type 2 diabetes has a strong familial component, characteristics of young adult offspring of type 2 diabetics were examined in a community sample to determine early abnormalities in black and white persons at risk.
  
  
  METHODS
  The sample consisted of 1,338 fasting young adults (72% white, 28% black) aged 19 to 37 years from a biracial community, including those with positive parental history of type 2 diabetes (one offspring per family, n = 230) or conditions of impaired fasting glucose and type 2 diabetes (n = 22).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Positive family history of diabetes or impaired fasting glucose and type 2 diabetes in young adults of both races were significantly associated with adverse profiles of measures of obesity and abdominal fat (body mass index, triceps and subscapular skinfolds, waist circumference, and abdominal height), systolic and diastolic blood pressures, serum total cholesterol, triglycerides, VLDL cholesterol, and HDL cholesterol, and indicators of glucose homeostasis (plasma glucose and insulin and insulin resistance index). The magnitude of the differences in obesity and abdominal fat measures and plasma glucose between individuals with and without parental diabetes was greater among blacks versus whites (P = 0. 047-0.004). Further, black offspring of both diabetics and non-diabetics had unfavorable profiles of obesity and abdominal fat measures, blood pressure, insulin, and insulin resistance index (P = 0.0001). In a multivariate analysis, adiposity measured as body mass index (P = 0.03) and plasma glucose (P = 0.003) emerged as the two independent characteristics that distinguished those with parental diabetes from those without parental disease. Insulin (P = 0.0001) and the insulin resistance index (P = 0.0001) were independently associated with conditions of impaired fasting glucose or type 2 diabetes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The risk factors of young adults with parental type 2 diabetes or conditions of impaired fasting glucose and type 2 diabetes can be detected early. These observations have implications for early prevention and intervention, especially for blacks.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Tulane Medical Center, New Orleans, LA, USA.
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: McClain
authors.forename: S R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Srinivasan
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: W C
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Steinmann
authors.forename: G S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Berenson
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D044383:Black People / Q000235:genetics*; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008145:Louisiana / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D011336:Probability; D012307:Risk Factors; D012494:Sampling Studies; D017678:Sex Distribution; D044465:White People / Q000235:genetics*; D001741:Black or African American
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose