title: Neuroblastoma cells expressing the noradrenaline transporter are destroyed more selectively by 6-fluorodopamine than by 6-hydroxydopamine.
abstract: 6-Hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) has been used for lesioning catecholaminergic neurons and attempted purging of neuroblastoma cells from hematopoietic stem cells in autologous bone marrow transplantation (ABMT). Neurotoxicity is mediated primarily by reactive oxygen species. In ABMT, 6-OHDA, as a purging agent, has been unsuccessful. At physiological pH it autooxidizes before targeted uptake, resulting in nonspecific cytotoxicity of nontarget cells. A catecholamine analogue, similar to 6-OHDA but with a lower rate of autooxidation enabling uptake by target cells, is thus required. Electron paramagnetic resonance spectra in this study show that 6-fluorodopamine (6-FDA) hydrolyzes slowly to 6-OHDA at physiological pH. Oxygen consumption, H(2)O(2), and quinone production are found to be intermediate between those of 6-OHDA and dopamine (DA). Relative neurotoxicity of these compounds was assessed by cell viability and DNA damage in the human neuroblastoma lines SH-SY5Y and SK-N-LO, which express and lack the noradrenaline transporter, respectively. Specific uptake of DA and 6-FDA by SH-SY5Y cells was demonstrated by competitive m-[(131)I]iodobenzylguanidine uptake inhibition. The competition by 6-OHDA was low owing to rapid autooxidation during incubation with equal toxicity toward both cell types. 6-FDA toxicity was preferential for SH-SY5Y cells and reduced in the presence of desipramine, a catecholamine uptake inhibitor. We demonstrate that 6-FDA cytotoxicity is more specific for cells expressing catecholamine reuptake systems than is 6-OHDA cytotoxicity.
authors.affiliation: Children's University Hospital Institutes of Organic Chemistry University of Tübingen, Germany. gabriele.seitz@med.uni-tuebingen.de
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Seitz
authors.forename: H B
authors.initials: HB
authors.lastname: Stegmann
authors.forename: H H
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Jäger
authors.forename: H M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Schlude
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wolburg
authors.forename: V A
authors.initials: VA
authors.lastname: Roginsky
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Niethammer
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bruchelt
mesh_terms: D001692:Biological Transport; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects*; D002474:Cell-Free System; D004249:DNA Damage; D004298:Dopamine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000633:toxicity; D004299:Dopamine beta-Hydroxylase / Q000235:genetics; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D007700:Kinetics; D009447:Neuroblastoma; D009638:Norepinephrine / Q000378:metabolism; D050484:Norepinephrine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins; D016627:Oxidopamine / Q000633:toxicity*; D010101:Oxygen Consumption; D027981:Symporters; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D014446:Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D002352:Carrier Proteins; D050484:Norepinephrine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins; C493227:SLC6A2 protein, human; D027981:Symporters; C029254:5-fluorodopamine; D016627:Oxidopamine; D014446:Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase; D004299:Dopamine beta-Hydroxylase; D004298:Dopamine; D009638:Norepinephrine