title: Reducing after-hours referrals by an after-hours call center with second-level physician triage.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  One-third of practices signing-out to The Children's Hospital Call Center in Denver, Colorado, choose to do second-level physician (SLP) triage for calls judged by the Center to require after-hours referral (AHR). We examined: 1) the effect of SLP triage on the rate of AHRs and 2) reasons for physicians' decisions.
  
  
  METHODS
  From January 1998 to August 1998 all calls from patients using a 5-member suburban pediatric practice judged by the Call Center to require AHR were referred to the practice's on-call physician who did SLP triage and completed a questionnaire.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were 955 eligible calls, 22% (N = 216) of which were initially given an urgent disposition by Call Center nurses. Physician questionnaires were completed for 97% (N = 209). Of patients initially triaged for AHR, 49% (N = 103) were subsequently given an AHR, 17% (N = 35) a next day office referral, and 34% (N = 71) home care and advice. Reasons for not urgently referring included the following: 1) medical problem didn't require urgent evaluation (95%, N = 99); 2) change in the patient's condition; (40% N = 43); 3) prior knowledge of family's ability to evaluate and care for the patient (40%, N = 43); and 4) knowledge of the patient's medical history (18%, N = 19). After SLP triage the overall urgent referral rate was 11%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Signing out to a Call Center decreased physicians' after-hours calls by 77% and SLP triage halved the number of urgent after-hours referrals.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics and Preventive Medicine and Biometrics, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center and Children's Hospital, Denver, Colorado, USA. kempe.allison@tchden.org
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kempe
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Dempsey
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hegarty
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Frei
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Chandramouli
authors.forename: S R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Poole
mesh_terms: D004630:Emergencies; D006776:Hospitals, Pediatric; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D009741:Nursing Staff, Hospital; D012017:Referral and Consultation / Q000458:organization & administration*; D013689:Telephone; D014218:Triage / Q000458:organization & administration*