title: Comparative efficacy of chloroquine plus chlorpheniramine alone and in a sequential combination with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine, for the treatment of acute, uncomplicated, falciparum malaria in children.
abstract: One hundred and eight children with acute, symptomatic, uncomplicated, falciparum malaria were randomized to receive chloroquine (for 3 days) plus chlorpheniramine alone (for seven days) (CQ-CP group; N = 55) or, in a sequential treatment, chloroquine plus chlorpheniramine for 3 days followed, on the fourth day, by a single oral dose of sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (25 mg sulfadoxine/kg) (CQ-CP-SP group; N = 53). The mean (S.D.) parasite-clearance time in the CQ-CP group [2.1 (0.7) days; range = 1-5 days] was similar to that in the CQ-CP-SP [2.1 (0.8) days; range = 1-5 days]. The fever-clearance times were also similar: 1.2 (0.1) days (range = 1-3 days) v. 1.1 (0.4) days (range = 1-3 days). The cure rates on days 14, 21 and 28 were 98.2%, 96.3% and 92.7%, respectively in the CQ-CP group, and 100%, 100% and 96.2%, respectively, in the CQ-CP-SP group. The rates of gametocyte carriage were low and similar (5.4% in the CQ-CP group and 3.8% in the CQ-CP-SP group) throughout the duration of the study. Both treatment regimens were relatively well tolerated, the main adverse reactions being similar: sleepiness (on day 1) and pruritus (on days 1-3). No adverse effect was attributable to SP. The results indicate that sequential treatment, for 3 days with CQ and CP, followed by a single dose of SP, is effective and well tolerated in children with acute, uncomplicated, falciparum malaria and may be an alternative treatment for CQ- and/or SP-resistant falciparum malaria. Treatment with a CQ-CP combination (CQ and CP for 3 days and then CP alone for another 4 days) is also effective but requires continuing administration after the signs and symptoms of acute malaria have disappeared.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Ibadan, Nigeria. malaria.iba@alpha.linkserve.com
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sowunmi
authors.forename: F A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Fehintola
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Adedeji
authors.forename: A G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Falade
authors.forename: C O
authors.initials: CO
authors.lastname: Falade
authors.forename: O O
authors.initials: OO
authors.lastname: Akinyinka
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Oduola
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000962:Antimalarials / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000982:Antipruritics / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002738:Chloroquine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002744:Chlorpheniramine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005334:Fever / Q000188:drug therapy; D005854:Germ Cells / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D016778:Malaria, Falciparum / Q000188:drug therapy*; D018512:Parasitemia / Q000188:drug therapy; D010963:Plasmodium falciparum / Q000166:cytology; D011739:Pyrimethamine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D013413:Sulfadoxine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000962:Antimalarials; D000982:Antipruritics; D002744:Chlorpheniramine; D013413:Sulfadoxine; D002738:Chloroquine; D011739:Pyrimethamine