title: Gemcitabine in combination with doxorubicin in advanced breast cancer: final results of a phase II pharmacokinetic trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Gemcitabine has promising single-agent activity in advanced breast disease. The aim of this phase II study was to determine the efficacy, toxicity, and pharmacokinetic profile of gemcitabine administered with doxorubicin as first-line treatment in patients with metastatic breast cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Of the 42 women with metastatic breast cancer (age 33 to 74 years; mean age, 55 years), 13 were chemotherapy-naive and 29 had received adjuvant chemotherapy. Gemcitabine (800 or 1,000 mg/m(2)) and doxorubicin (25 mg/m(2)) were administered intravenously on days 1, 8, and 15 of each 28-day cycle. Blood samples were drawn on day 8 of cycles 1, 2, and 3 and of subsequent odd cycles for gemcitabine pharmacokinetic determinations and before and after the first dose of cycle 1 or 2 for doxorubicin determinations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were three complete and 20 partial responses, for an overall response rate of 55% (95% confidence interval [CI], 40% to 70%) and a complete response rate of 7%. The median survival time for all 42 patients was 27 months (95% CI, 13.4 to 30.0 months) and the 1-year survival rate was 80%. Toxicity was mainly hematologic. The disposition of both drugs was unchanged when they were administered on the same day compared with when they were given singly.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The combination of gemcitabine (800 mg/m(2)) and doxorubicin (25 mg/m(2)) can be safely administered using a weekly schedule. The disposition of both drugs is unchanged when they are administered on the same day. This combination shows promising activity with acceptable toxicity compared with other combination therapies.
authors.affiliation: Hospital Gregorio Mara-ñ-ón, Madrid, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Valencia, Hospital Clínico de la Virgen Victoria, Málaga, Spain.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pérez-Manga
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lluch
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Alba
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Moreno-Nogueira
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Palomero
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: García-Conde
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Khayat
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Rivelles
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000964:Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D003841:Deoxycytidine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D004317:Doxorubicin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D015996:Survival Rate; D000093542:Gemcitabine
chemical_list: D000964:Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic; D003841:Deoxycytidine; D004317:Doxorubicin; D000093542:Gemcitabine