title: Elevated CO(2) induces biochemical and ultrastructural changes in leaves of the C(4) cereal sorghum.
abstract: We analyzed the impact of growth at either 350 (ambient) or 700 (elevated) microL L(-1) CO(2) on key elements of the C(4) pathway (photosynthesis, carbon isotope discrimination, and leaf anatomy) using the C(4) cereal sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench.). Gas-exchange analysis of the CO(2) response of photosynthesis indicated that both carboxylation efficiency and the CO(2) saturated rate of photosynthesis were lower in plants grown at elevated relative to ambient CO(2). This was accompanied by a 49% reduction in the phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase content of leaves (area basis) in the elevated CO(2)-grown plants, but no change in Rubisco content. Despite the lower phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase content, there was a 3-fold increase in C isotope discrimination in leaves of plants grown at elevated CO(2) and bundle sheath leakiness was estimated to be 24% and 33%, respectively, for the ambient and elevated CO(2)-grown plants. However, we could detect no difference in quantum yield. The ratio of quantum yield of CO(2) fixation to PSII efficiency was lower in plants grown at elevated CO(2), but only when leaf internal was below 50 microL L(-1). This suggests a reduction in the efficiency of the C(4) cycle when [CO(2)] is low, and also implies increased electron transport to acceptors other than CO(2). Analysis of leaf sections using a transmission electron microscope indicated a 2-fold decrease in the thickness of the bundle sheath cell walls in plants grown at elevated relative to ambient CO(2). These results suggest that significant acclimation to increased CO(2) concentrations occurs in sorghum.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, United Kingdom. j.r.watling@sheffield.ac.uk
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Watling
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Press
authors.forename: W P
authors.initials: WP
authors.lastname: Quick
mesh_terms: D015153:Blotting, Western; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000378:metabolism*; D002734:Chlorophyll / Q000032:analysis; D000077194:Chlorophyll A; D002523:Edible Grain / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D004591:Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; D005453:Fluorescence; D045342:Light-Harvesting Protein Complexes; D008854:Microscopy, Electron; D010730:Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxylase / Q000378:metabolism; D010788:Photosynthesis / Q000502:physiology*; D045322:Photosynthetic Reaction Center Complex Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D012273:Ribulose-Bisphosphate Carboxylase / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D045342:Light-Harvesting Protein Complexes; D045322:Photosynthetic Reaction Center Complex Proteins; D002734:Chlorophyll; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D010730:Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxylase; D012273:Ribulose-Bisphosphate Carboxylase; D000077194:Chlorophyll A