title: Effects of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and neurotrophin-4 on isolated cultured retinal ganglion cells: evaluation by flow cytometry.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Effects of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and neurotrophin (NT)-4 on retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) isolated and cultured in a serum-free medium are evaluated objectively by using flow cytometry.
  
  
  METHODS
  RGCs from the retinas of 2-day-old rats were isolated in a two-step panning and cultured in a serum-free medium. BDNF (1, 10, and 100 pg/ml or 1, 10, and 100 ng/ml), NT-4 (0.1, 1, 10, and 100 ng/ml) or their vehicle, phosphate-buffered saline, were individually added to aliquots of the medium to be cultured for 48 hours. Then, after adding 5-chloromethylfluorescein diacetate, the survival of RGCs was evaluated using flow cytometry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The method used allowed the authors to analyze 10,000 RGCs per sample in approximately 2 minutes, so that a much larger number of cells was evaluated in a shorter period than with previously reported methods. RGCs were classified into either large or small RGCs, and the survival of each of these groups was determined objectively by the amount of fluorescent emission. BDNF improved the survival rate of RGCs concentration-dependently. In particular, the survival rate of small RGCs was greatly improved. BDNF at 100 ng/ml increased the survival rate of small RGCs by 17.4% and that of large RGCs by 7.8% in comparison to the controls. NT4 did not significantly improve the survival rates of either large or small RGCs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  BDNF improved the survival rate of RGCs, particularly of small RGCs, concentration-dependently, but NT-4 had little influence on the survival rate. The current method was useful in evaluating the effects of neuroprotective factors or neurotoxic factors on cultured RGCs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Yamanashi Medical University, Tamaho Yamanashi, Japan.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Kashiwagi
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kashiwagi
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Iizuka
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tsukahara
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D019208:Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D005452:Fluoresceins / Q000494:pharmacology; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes / Q000494:pharmacology; D009414:Nerve Growth Factors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012165:Retinal Ganglion Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D019208:Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor; D005452:Fluoresceins; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D009414:Nerve Growth Factors; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; C069306:5-chloromethylfluorescein; C073922:neurotrophin 4