title: Attention in HIV-infected children: results from the Hemophilia Growth and Development Study.
abstract: Attentional functioning was examined in three groups of 7- to 19-year-old male participants with hemophilia: (1) HIV seronegative controls (HIV-, N = 66), (2) HIV seropositive participants with CD4+ lymphocyte counts greater than or equal to 200 (HIV+ CD4+ > or = 200, N = 79), and (3) severely immune suppressed HIV seropositive participants (HIV+ CD4+ < 200, N = 28). Two measures sensitive to attention deficits were used: the Continuous Performance Test (CPT) and the Span of Apprehension (Span). On the CPT, there was a decrement in attention in both HIV+ groups, as indexed by an increase in false alarm rate from Block 1 to Block 3, that was not present in the HIV- group. The longer the HIV+ children were required to sustain attention to the CPT, the more they responded to the incorrect stimulus. This effect decreased as age increased. Span percent correct and latency to correct were associated with the presence of a premorbid history of intracerebral hemorrhage, but were not sensitive to HIV status or degree of immune suppression in the HIV+ children, suggesting morbidity related to hemophilia. The remaining CPT and Span variables--hit rate, sensitivity, latency, percent correct, and latency to correct--showed the expected associations with age, but none showed conclusive associations with HIV status or immune suppression in the HIV+ participants.
authors.affiliation: Childrens Hospital of Orange County, Orange, California 92668, USA. hospital.jwatkins@choc.org
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Watkins
authors.forename: V A
authors.initials: VA
authors.lastname: Cool
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Usner
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Stehbens
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nichols
authors.forename: K A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Loveland
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Bordeaux
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Donfield
authors.forename: R F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Asarnow
authors.forename: K H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Nuechterlein
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology; D001288:Attention / Q000502:physiology*; D018791:CD4 Lymphocyte Count; D002543:Cerebral Hemorrhage / Q000150:complications / Q000517:prevention & control; D002648:Child; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*; D006679:HIV Seropositivity / Q000523:psychology; D006467:Hemophilia A / Q000150:complications* / Q000523:psychology; D006801:Humans; D007361:Intelligence Tests; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000502:physiology