title: Electrophysiological mapping and ablation of intra-atrial reentry tachycardia after Fontan surgery with the use of a noncontact mapping system.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Atrial tachyarrhythmias are a complication of Fontan surgery. Conventional electrophysiological mapping and ablation techniques are limited by the complex anatomic and surgical substrate and a high arrhythmia recurrence rate. This study investigates the use of noncontact mapping to identify arrhythmia circuits and guide ablation in Fontan patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eleven arrhythmias were recorded in 6 patients. Noncontact mapping improved recognition of the anatomic and surgical substrate and identified exit sites from zones of slow conduction in all clinical arrhythmias. Radiofrequency linear lesions were targeted across these critical zones in 5 patients. One patient underwent surgical cryotherapy. Although immediate success was achieved in 3 of 5 patients with radiofrequency ablation, 2 patients had a recurrence after a mean of 6.4 months of follow-up. The patient who underwent cryoablation remains free of arrhythmias.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Noncontact mapping can identify arrhythmia circuits in the Fontan atrium and guide placement of ablation lesions. Arrhythmia recurrence is high, possibly because of inadequate lesion creation rather than inaccurate mapping and lesion targeting.
authors.affiliation: Wessex Cardiothoracic Center, Southampton General Hospital, UK.
authors.forename: T R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Betts
authors.forename: P R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Roberts
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Allen
authors.forename: A P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Salmon
authors.forename: B R
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Keeton
authors.forename: M P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Haw
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Morgan
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017115:Catheter Ablation; D004594:Electrophysiology; D005260:Female; D018729:Fontan Procedure / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000503:physiopathology*; D013611:Tachycardia, Atrioventricular Nodal Reentry / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology*