title: Evaluation of 11th rib extrapleural-retroperitoneal approach to the thoracolumbar junction. Technical note.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The 11th rib extrapleural-retroperitoneal approach offers an alternative means for access to the thoracolumbar junction. It provides excellent operative exposure without the need to transgress the diaphragm, resulting in less morbidity and reduced risk of pulmonary complications. This approach, however, has been dismissed by many surgeons offering the unsubstantiated criticism that it affords limited access. Thus far, only technical descriptions of the operative procedure are available in the literature, without documentation of the clinical outcomes of these patients. In the current study the authors describe the 11th rib extrapleural-retroperitoneal approach to the thoracolumbar junction, and they evaluate the associated early and late morbidity in these patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  From September 1996 to August 1999, the authors collected prospective data of consecutive patients who underwent surgery for a variety of pathological conditions of the thoracolumbar junction via this approach. In 26 consecutive patients requiring an anterior spinal procedure, lesions located between T-10 and T-11 were studied and followed for a mean period of 17 months (range 1-36 months). There were 13 men and 13 women whose mean age was 47 years (range 16-80 years), with the following pathological entities: trauma (13 cases), neoplasm (six cases), infection (two cases), and deformity (five cases). There were no cases of neurological deterioration. There were no significant pulmonary complications, and only one patient required insertion of a postoperative chest tube.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The 11th rib extrapleural-retroperitoneal approach was successfully used to treat patients with a variety of lesions in the thoracolumbar junction and was associated with little morbidity. The authors believe that previous criticism suggesting that this approach provides only limited access is unsubstantiated.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Sunnybrook and Women's College Health Sciences Center, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Nolan
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Finkelstein
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001424:Bacterial Infections / Q000601:surgery; D015299:Discitis / Q000601:surgery; D004210:Dissection; D020802:Epidural Abscess / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007431:Intraoperative Complications / Q000517:prevention & control; D008159:Lumbar Vertebrae / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000293:injuries / Q000601:surgery*; D008171:Lung Diseases / Q000517:prevention & control; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010019:Osteomyelitis / Q000601:surgery; D010994:Pleura; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012187:Retroperitoneal Space; D012272:Ribs / Q000601:surgery*; D012307:Risk Factors; D013125:Spinal Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery; D013904:Thoracic Vertebrae / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000293:injuries / Q000601:surgery*; D016896:Treatment Outcome