title: Endoscopic management of skull base osteoradionecrosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Osteoradionecrosis is one of the most serious complications in radiotherapy of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. We describe a new endoscopic approach to resolve resultant skull base osteoradionecrosis. The objective of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of endoscopic management of skull base osteoradionecrosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective study of the outcome of endoscopic management for patients with skull base osteoradionecrosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between 1994 and 1998 six patients who had irradiation previously for nasopharyngeal carcinoma had skull base osteoradionecrosis. A sinoscopic approach was applied for diagnosis and sequestrectomy. This diagnosis was based on the criterion of exposed necrotic bone after removing all crust in the nasopharynx and further confirmed on pathological examination after sequestrectomy. Effective cure was defined as intact mucosal coverage without any ulcer or exposed necrotic bone observed in the nasopharynx and the absence of antecedent accompanying symptoms after management.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Six patients (10%) were symptom free. Five (83.3%) patients had effective cure. There was no surgical morbidity or mortality.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Endoscopic sequestrectomy is a justified approach to skull base osteoradionecrosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology--Head and Neck Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: K P
authors.initials: KP
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: N M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Tsang
authors.forename: C Y
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Su
authors.forename: S P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Hao
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000532:radiotherapy; D004724:Endoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009303:Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms / Q000532:radiotherapy; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D010025:Osteoradionecrosis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000601:surgery*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011878:Radiotherapy / Q000009:adverse effects; D019291:Skull Base / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery*