title: [Fiberoptic endoscopy confirms the cause of upper respiratory obstruction in small children. The most common causes to referrals are sleep apnea syndrome and inspiratory stridor].
abstract: Guidelines for the clinical investigation of young children with stridor and sleep apnea are presented. Clinical examination and flexible videolaryngoscopy performed in local anaesthesia are the most important diagnostic tools for this group of children. If the impairment is severe or an objective evaluation is needed the child should also undergo nocturnal polygraphic recording and lung function tests. Out of 43 children examined with flexible videolaryngoscopy 21 had positive findings, laryngomalacia being the most common diagnosis. Flexible videolaryngoscopy is a good complement to laryngoscopy under general anaesthesia. It can be performed as early as in the neonatal period.
authors.affiliation: Foniatriska avdelningen, Karolinska sjukhuset, Stockholm. gunnar.bjorck@ks.se
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Björck
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Johansson
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Milerad
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Katz-Salamon
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hertegård
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kuylenstierna
mesh_terms: D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D005336:Fiber Optic Technology; D006391:Hemangioma / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007822:Laryngeal Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis; D007828:Laryngoscopy / Q000379:methods; D007830:Larynx / Q000002:abnormalities; D008297:Male; D015508:Nasal Obstruction / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis; D012017:Referral and Consultation; D012135:Respiratory Sounds / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology; D020181:Sleep Apnea, Obstructive / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology; D014059:Tongue / Q000002:abnormalities; D014741:Video Recording; D014826:Vocal Cord Paralysis / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis