title: Familial Parkinson disease gene product, parkin, is a ubiquitin-protein ligase.
abstract: Autosomal recessive juvenile parkinsonism (AR-JP), one of the most common familial forms of Parkinson disease, is characterized by selective dopaminergic neural cell death and the absence of the Lewy body, a cytoplasmic inclusion body consisting of aggregates of abnormally accumulated proteins. We previously cloned PARK2, mutations of which cause AR-JP (ref. 2), but the function of the gene product, parkin, remains unknown. We report here that parkin is involved in protein degradation as a ubiquitin-protein ligase collaborating with the ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme UbcH7, and that mutant parkins from AR-JP patients show loss of the ubiquitin-protein ligase activity. Our findings indicate that accumulation of proteins that have yet to be identified causes a selective neural cell death without formation of Lewy bodies. Our findings should enhance the exploration of the molecular mechanisms of neurodegeneration in Parkinson disease as well as in other neurodegenerative diseases that are characterized by involvement of abnormal protein ubiquitination, including Alzheimer disease, other tauopathies, CAG triplet repeat disorders and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shimura
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hattori
authors.forename: S i
authors.initials: Si
authors.lastname: Kubo
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Mizuno
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Asakawa
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Minoshima
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Shimizu
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Iwai
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Chiba
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Suzuki
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D008025:Ligases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000378:metabolism*; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D044763:Ubiquitin-Conjugating Enzymes; D044767:Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases; D014452:Ubiquitins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D014452:Ubiquitins; C079437:UBE2L3 protein, human; D044763:Ubiquitin-Conjugating Enzymes; D044767:Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases; D008025:Ligases