title: Schnurri interacts with Mad in a Dpp-dependent manner.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Decapentaplegic (Dpp) is a member of the transforming growth factor-beta superfamily. Dpp governs various developmental processes in Drosophila through the transcriptional regulation of a variety of genes. Signals of Dpp are transmitted from the cell membrane to the nucleus by Medea and Mad, both belonging to the Smad protein family. Mad was shown to bind to the Dpp-responsive element in genes such as vestigial, labial, and Ultrabithorax. The DNA binding affinity of Smad proteins is relatively low, and requires other nuclear factor(s) to form stable DNA binding complexes. schnurri (shn) was identified as a candidate gene acting downstream of Dpp receptors, but its relevance to Mad has remained unknown.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We characterized the biochemical functions of Shn. Shn forms homo-oligomers. Shn is localized in the nucleus, and is likely to have multiple nuclear localizing signals. Finally, we found that Shn interacts with Mad in a Dpp-dependent manner.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present results argue that Shn may act as a nuclear component of the Dpp signalling pathway through direct interaction with Mad.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, The Cancer Institute of Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research (JFCR), 1-37-1 Kami-ikebukuro, Toshima-ku, Tokyo 170-8455, Japan.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Udagawa
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hanai
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tada
authors.forename: N C
authors.initials: NC
authors.lastname: Grieder
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Momoeda
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Taketani
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Affolter
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kawabata
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Miyazono
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D019556:COS Cells; D002467:Cell Nucleus; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D004330:Drosophila; D029721:Drosophila Proteins; D019476:Insect Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D012097:Repressor Proteins; D015398:Signal Transduction; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D016335:Zinc Fingers
chemical_list: D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D029721:Drosophila Proteins; D019476:Insect Proteins; C112506:MAD protein, Drosophila; D012097:Repressor Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; C064196:dpp protein, Drosophila; C094066:shn protein, Drosophila