title: Internal jugular vein blood flow in normal and growth-restricted fetuses.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess internal jugular vein blood flow patterns during the second half of pregnancy in normal and growth-restricted fetuses.
  
  
  METHODS
  We did Doppler ultrasound studies of internal jugular veins and the inferior vena cavas longitudinally on 21 normal singleton fetuses from 20 weeks to term, and on eight growth-restricted fetuses with absent end-diastolic flow at the umbilical artery (UA). The three components of the venous flow velocity waveforms were used to calculate peak velocity ratio: Peak systolic velocity (S wave) minus reverse peak velocity (R wave) divided by peak velocity during early diastole (D wave) and velocity time integral ratio: systolic velocity time integral minus reverse velocity time integral divided by velocity time integral during early diastole. Statistical analysis of longitudinal measurements used K-related samples Friedman test; groups were compared with Mann-Whitney U test and chi(2) test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In normal fetuses we found significant increases in peak velocity ratio and velocity time integral ratio of internal jugular veins and the inferior vena cavas throughout gestation. The mean +/- standard deviation (SD) of the internal jugular veins peak velocity ratio (1.12 +/- 0.4 versus 1.46 +/- 0.15, P <.05) and velocity time integral ratio (1.1 +/- 0.2 versus 1.55 +/- 0.17, P <.05) were significantly lower in growth-restricted fetuses compared with normal fetuses at 28-32 weeks' gestation but inferior vena cava indices were not. None of the eight growth-restricted fetuses had umbilical venous pulsations or changes in inferior vena cava or ductus venosus blood flow patterns. All had arterial pH above 7.15 at birth.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Growth-restricted fetuses with absent end-diastolic velocity in the UA have changes in internal jugular vein blood flow patterns that probably indicate increased cerebral blood flow, more evidence of redistribution of blood flow in growth-restricted fetuses that can be used to maintain them.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Haemek Medical Center, Afula, Israel.
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Weiner
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Goldberg
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Shalev
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001921:Brain / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000196:embryology; D003971:Diastole; D005260:Female; D005317:Fetal Growth Retardation / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005333:Fetus / Q000098:blood supply*; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D007601:Jugular Veins / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000196:embryology / Q000502:physiology*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011262:Pregnancy Trimester, Second; D011263:Pregnancy Trimester, Third; D011673:Pulsatile Flow; D012039:Regional Blood Flow; D018608:Ultrasonography, Doppler; D016216:Ultrasonography, Prenatal