title: A CRX null mutation is associated with both Leber congenital amaurosis and a normal ocular phenotype.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To identify and characterize new cone rod homeobox (CRX) mutations associated with the Leber congenital amaurosis phenotype.
  
  
  METHODS
  The human CRX gene was sequenced in 74 consecutive patients carrying the diagnosis of Leber congenital amaurosis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Two mutations were identified in CRX that cause frameshifts and predict severe truncations of the encoded protein. One of these, a 1-bp insertion, spares only nine N-terminal amino acids, removing the homeodomain, WSP motif, and conserved OTX domain at the C terminus. Of the CRX mutations described in the literature, this is the first that convincingly represents a null allele of the gene. Although the patient heterozygous for this null allele is affected with Leber congenital amaurosis, it was surprising that her father, who had normal vision, was heterozygous for the same mutation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results strongly suggest that haploinsufficiency of CRX is not sufficient to cause a retinal disorder. Loss of function alleles of CRX appear to cause Leber congenital amaurosis through a recessive or multigenic mechanism.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA. esilva@jhmi.edu
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dharmaraj
authors.forename: O H
authors.initials: OH
authors.lastname: Sundin
authors.forename: I H
authors.initials: IH
authors.lastname: Maumenee
mesh_terms: D001483:Base Sequence; D001766:Blindness / Q000235:genetics*; D004252:DNA Mutational Analysis; D005136:Eye Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009154:Mutation; D015418:Optic Atrophies, Hereditary / Q000235:genetics*; D010375:Pedigree; D010641:Phenotype; D015534:Trans-Activators / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D005136:Eye Proteins; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins; D015534:Trans-Activators; C109288:cone rod homeobox protein