title: Spiral computerized tomography (dual helical mode) as a detector of aortic atheromas in patients with stroke and systemic emboli: additional benefit of the contrast-enhanced technique.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Protruding aortic atheromas are a potential source of stroke and systemic emboli. The single modality currently available for their detection has been transesophageal echocardiography. However, TEE does not allow full visualization of the upper part of the ascending aorta and proximal aortic arch.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate whether double helical computerized tomography--both with and without contrast injection--may represent a useful technique for noninvasive detection of PAA in stroke patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty consecutive patients > or = 50 years of age who sustained a recent ischemic stroke and/or systemic emboli (within 15 days after the onset of the event) were enrolled in the study and underwent TEE and DHCT without contrast injection using thin slice acquisition (3.2 mm thickness and 1.5 mm reconstruction increment). In addition, the last eight consecutive patients, after obtaining an unenhanced scan, underwent a contrast-enhanced DHCT following peripheral intravenous injection of a small amount of contrast material (15 ml of diatrizoate).
  
  
  RESULTS
  PAAs were demonstrated by TEE in 18 patients (45%); in 16 of them (89%) the atheromas were recognized by DHCT. Of the 22 patients without PAA on TEE, DHCT confirmed their absence in 18 (82%). DHCT yielded a sensitivity of 89%, a specificity of 82%, and an overall accuracy of 85%. The total number of protruding plaques detected by TEE was 43, of which 41 (95%) were correctly identified by DHCT. The mean thickness of the plaques was 5.6 +/- 2.4 mm on TEE, and 5.4 +/- 2.3 on DHCT (P = NS), with a good correlation between the modalities (r = 0.84). Contrast-enhanced DHCT scans demonstrated absolute equivalence to TEE in aortic areas defined as "clearly visualized by TEE." DHCT detected PAA between the distal ascending aorta and the proximal arch in seven patients; these atheromas were not included in the comparative analysis. In these "occult" areas, DHCT may be superior to TEE.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  DHCT without contrast injection using thin slice acquisition may become a useful modality for rapid noninvasive detection of PAA. Contrast-enhanced DHCT scans significantly improve imaging quality and may be superior to TEE in the upper ascending aorta and the proximal arch (areas not well visualized by TEE).
authors.affiliation: Cardiac Rehabilitation Institute, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tenenbaum
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Garniek
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Shemesh
authors.forename: C I
authors.initials: CI
authors.lastname: Stroh
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Itzchak
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Vered
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Motro
authors.forename: E Z
authors.initials: EZ
authors.lastname: Fisman
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001018:Aortic Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D001027:Aortography / Q000379:methods; D001161:Arteriosclerosis / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D003287:Contrast Media; D017548:Echocardiography, Transesophageal; D004617:Embolism / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011856:Radiographic Image Enhancement; D020521:Stroke / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000209:etiology; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media