title: Cardioprotective mechanism of ischemic preconditioning is impaired by postinfarct ventricular remodeling through angiotensin II type 1 receptor activation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Activation of protein kinase C-linked receptors and subsequent opening of the mitochondrial ATP-sensitive K(+) (mitoK(ATP)) channel are crucial in preconditioning (PC). This study examined whether postinfarct ventricular remodeling interferes with the PC mechanism.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Two weeks before isolation of hearts, rabbits underwent a sham operation or coronary ligation (COL) to induce remodeling. Isolated buffer-perfused hearts were subjected to 30-minute global ischemia/2-hour reperfusion, and infarct size was expressed as a percentage of the left ventricle (%I/LV), from which the scarred infarct by COL was excluded. Although %I/LV was similar in sham-operated and remodeled hearts (52.9+/-6.5% versus 45.8+/-5.2%), PC with 2 episodes of 5-minute ischemia protected sham-operated but not remodeled hearts (%I/LV=18.1+/-2.5% versus 54.8+/-2.9%, P<0.05). Infusion of valsartan (10 mg x kg(-1). d(-1), an angiotensin II type 1 (AT(1)) receptor blocker, for 2 weeks after COL prevented the ventricular remodeling and preserved the response to PC (%I/LV=27.4+/-3.8%), although valsartan alone did not change %I/LV. Diazoxide, a mitoK(ATP) channel opener, protected both sham-operated and remodeled hearts (%I/LV=14.1+/-3.1% and 8.3+/-3.6%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The myocardium remodeled after infarction is refractory to PC, which is probably due to interruption of cellular signaling by PC upstream of mitoK(ATP) channels. An AT(1) receptor blocker is beneficial not only for suppression of ventricular remodeling but also for preservation of the PC mechanism.
authors.affiliation: Second Department of Internal Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Miki
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Miura
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tsuchida
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nakano
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hasegawa
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fukuma
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shimamoto
mesh_terms: D000804:Angiotensin II / Q000502:physiology; D000818:Animals; D019194:Ischemic Preconditioning; D008297:Male; D009203:Myocardial Infarction; D011817:Rabbits; D011945:Receptors, Angiotensin / Q000502:physiology*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology; D020257:Ventricular Remodeling / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D011945:Receptors, Angiotensin; D000804:Angiotensin II