title: Transcranial magnetic stimulation and silent period in spasmodic torticollis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Our objective was to study the corticobulbar projections to neck muscles in cervical dystonia.
  
  
  METHODS
  We compared both the motor evoked potentials and the electromyographic silent period after transcranial magnetic stimulation from sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles in a group of 13 patients with spasmodic torticollis with those of 20 healthy volunteers.
  
  
  RESULTS
  With the target muscle at rest, no changes of motor threshold, motor evoked potentials latency, and amplitude were observed in dystonic patients. With facilitation, the mean amplitude of the motor evoked potentials was increased in patients compared with controls, the significant difference being for the trapezius muscle, whereas the latency did not differ between groups. The cortical silent period was significantly shorter in dystonic patients than in healthy subjects in both muscles. The duration of the cortical silent period recorded from the sternocleidomastoid muscle showed a positive correlation with the degree of neurologic disability assessed by Tsui's scale. No abnormalities of both nerve conduction velocity and peripheral silent period by stimulation of accessory nerve were found.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results indicate an impairment of the mechanisms of inhibitory motor control in patients with spasmodic torticollis, which could be the result of a decrease of the basal ganglia inhibitory output over the motor cortex.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosciences, Scientific Institute Ospedale San Raffaele, Milano, Italy.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Amadio
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Panizza
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Pisano
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Maderna
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Miscio
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Nilsson
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Volonté
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Comi
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Galardi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004576:Electromyography; D019054:Evoked Potentials, Motor; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009044:Motor Cortex / Q000503:physiopathology*; D009334:Neck Muscles / Q000294:innervation*; D009433:Neural Inhibition; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D014103:Torticollis / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000534:rehabilitation; D050781:Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation