title: Development of diagnostic concentrations for monitoring Bacillus thuringiensis resistance in European corn borer (Lepidoptera: Crambidae).
abstract: Two candidate diagnostic concentrations of the Cry1Ab and Cry1Ac toxins from Bacillus thuringiensis corresponding to the LC99 and EC99 (effective concentration that causes 99% growth inhibition) for European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis (Hübner), were determined based on previously obtained baseline data. Validation experiments using field-collected European corn borer populations from across North America showed that for Cry1Ab, a concentration corresponding to the upper limit of the 95% confidence interval of the LC99, produced mortality > 99% for all populations tested. However, for Cry1Ac, adjustments and further validation are probably necessary. Development of B. thuringiensis resistance monitoring programs that rely on diagnostic techniques are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Entomology, University of Nebraska, Lincoln 68583, USA.
authors.forename: P C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Marçon
authors.forename: B D
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Siegfried
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Spencer
authors.forename: W D
authors.initials: WD
authors.lastname: Hutchison
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001413:Bacillus thuringiensis; D000083722:Bacillus thuringiensis Toxins; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D001427:Bacterial Toxins; D001681:Biological Assay / Q000379:methods; D004731:Endotoxins; D005060:Europe; D006460:Hemolysin Proteins; D007305:Insecticide Resistance; D007306:Insecticides; D009036:Moths; D010572:Pest Control, Biological / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D000083722:Bacillus thuringiensis Toxins; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D001427:Bacterial Toxins; D004731:Endotoxins; D006460:Hemolysin Proteins; D007306:Insecticides; C030956:insecticidal crystal protein, Bacillus Thuringiensis