title: Coronary artery fly-through using electron beam computed tomography.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Virtual reality techniques have recently been introduced into clinical medicine. This study examines the possibility of coronary artery fly-through using a dataset obtained by noninvasive coronary angiography with contrast-enhanced electron-beam computed tomography.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ten patients were examined, and 40 to 60 transaxial tomograms (thickness, 1.5 mm; in-plane pixel dimensions, approximately 0.5x0.5 mm) were obtained after intravenous contrast injection. The datasets were processed on a graphics workstation using volume-rendering software. For fly-throughs, the contrast-enhanced lumen was made transparent and other tissue was made opaque. Then, key frames were selected in a path through the vessel, with software interpolation of frames between key frames. A typical movie contained 150 to 300 frames (10 to 15 key frames). Fly-throughs of coronary bypass grafts (n=3), left anterior descending arteries (LAD; n=6), and the intermediate branch (n=1) were reconstructed. Coronary calcifications were seen in 3 patients. The fly-through of the intermediate branch, the bypass grafts, and one of the LADs did not show any irregularities. In 2 cases, a stenosis was visible in the LAD; its presence was confirmed by conventional coronary angiography.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Recent developments in fast-volume rendering using special-purpose hardware in combination with noninvasive coronary angiography with electron beam computed tomography have provided the possibility of performing coronary artery fly-throughs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology and Thoraxcentre, University Hospital Rotterdam/Daniel, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. ooijen@radh.azr.nl
authors.forename: P M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: van Ooijen
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Oudkerk
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: van Geuns
authors.forename: B J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Rensing
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: de Feyter
mesh_terms: D002114:Calcinosis; D009202:Cardiomyopathies / Q000473:pathology; D017023:Coronary Angiography / Q000379:methods*; D001026:Coronary Artery Bypass; D003331:Coronary Vessels / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed