title: Reverse remodeling of cardiac myocyte hypertrophy in hypertension and failure by targeting of the renin-angiotensin system.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  ACE inhibitors (ACEIs) and angiotensin II type 1 (AT(1)) receptor blockers are effective in reducing left ventricular mass in hypertension and heart failure. However, the ability of these drugs to reverse excessive myocyte lengthening and transverse growth in heart failure is unknown.
  
  
  RESULTS
  L-158,809 (an AT(1) blocker; AT(1)), enalapril (an ACEI), and hydralazine (a vasodilator) were administered to spontaneously hypertensive heart failure rats between 6 and 10 months of age (early treatment) and between 18 and 22 months of age (late treatment). After 4 months of treatment, hemodynamics and chamber dimensions were collected before left ventricular myocyte isolation and subsequent analysis of myocyte shape. Each drug reduced systolic blood pressures to normal values. In the early and late studies, the ACEI reduced myocyte volume. Myocyte length was also reduced in the late study. However, the AT(1) was most effective in reversing myocyte dimensions to near-normal values in both studies. Hydralazine was ineffective in reducing cell size but arrested progression of myocyte lengthening in the late study. Changes in myocyte shape reflected alterations in chamber dimensions and wall thickness.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Reversal of myocyte hypertrophy was produced in hypertensive/heart failure rats with an AT(1). The ACEI was effective but to a lesser extent. Results indicate that it is possible to significantly reverse myocyte remodeling pharmacologically even if therapy is initiated near the onset of failure. Further work is needed to determine whether similar results can be obtained in humans.
authors.affiliation: South Dakota Health Research Foundation, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Sioux Falls, SD 57105, USA.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tamura
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Said
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Harris
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Gerdes
mesh_terms: D000804:Angiotensin II / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D006332:Cardiomegaly / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology*; D004452:Echocardiography; D004656:Enalapril / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology; D006977:Hypertension, Renal / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology*; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D018485:Muscle Fibers, Skeletal / Q000473:pathology*; D009206:Myocardium / Q000473:pathology*; D009929:Organ Size; D051381:Rats; D011919:Rats, Inbred Strains; D012084:Renin-Angiotensin System / Q000502:physiology*; D013777:Tetrazoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D020257:Ventricular Remodeling / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D007093:Imidazoles; D013777:Tetrazoles; D000804:Angiotensin II; C070967:L 158809; D004656:Enalapril