title: Demonstration of an association between Chlamydia pneumoniae infection and venous thromboembolic disease.
abstract: Chlamydia pneumoniae infection has been linked to atherosclerosis, but a possible relationship with venous thromboembolism (VTE) has not been sought. We determined circulating anti-C. pneumoniae antibody levels in patients with VTE. We studied 176 case patients with objectively diagnosed VTE and 197 age- and sex-matched healthy controls, in a retrospective study. Acquired risk factors for VTE and frequent predisposing genetic factors (factor V Arg 506 Gln and factor II G 20210 A mutations) were assessed in all the subjects. Anti-C. pneumoniae IgG antibodies were determined by microimmunofluorescence. All positive plasma samples (titer > or =128) were precisely quantified and tested for the presence of specific IgM antibodies. Fifty-four percent of the cases and 15.9% of the controls had specific IgG titers of at least 256 (p <0.0001). The crude odds ratio for VTE was 6.2 (95% CI, 3.8-10.1), and rose to 7.7 (4.5-13.2) after excluding subjects carrying the factor V Arg 506 Gln or factor II G 20210 A mutations. The odds ratio for VTE increased with the IgG titer: the adjusted odds ratios were 2.1 (95% CI, 1.1-4.1), 5.3 (2.7-10.6) and 33.0 (4.4-248.4) for titers of 256, 512 and 1024, respectively. Only one subject (a case patient) with a high IgG titer (> or =256) also had specific IgM. High titers of anti-C. pneumoniae IgG antibodies are frequently found in patients with previous venous thromboembolism. This association deserves to be confirmed in other case-control studies and prospective studies.
authors.affiliation: Service de Médecine Vasculaire et centre Claude Bernard de recherche sur les maladies vasculaires, Hôpital Broussais, Paris, France.
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Lozinguez
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Arnaud
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Belec
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Nicaud
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Alhenc-Gelas
authors.forename: J N
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Fiessinger
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Aiach
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Emmerich
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial / Q000097:blood; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002690:Chlamydia Infections / Q000150:complications*; D016993:Chlamydophila pneumoniae / Q000276:immunology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000097:blood; D007075:Immunoglobulin M / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011655:Pulmonary Embolism / Q000209:etiology / Q000382:microbiology*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D020246:Venous Thrombosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000382:microbiology*
chemical_list: D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D007075:Immunoglobulin M