title: Systemic and nontraditional markers of endothelial dysfunction.
abstract: Endothelial cells control the balance between a number of opposing biological processes. Injury to these cells leads to a shift in this delicate balance; the resultant endothelial dysfunction ultimately leads to atherosclerotic disease. Specific markers of endothelial dysfunction can be used to detect and monitor the progression of atherosclerosis; they can also be used to study the pathogenesis of disease. Specific markers may be indicative of a particular stage in the pathogenesis of disease. By using a rigorous screening process, various markers of endothelial dysfunction can be identified. Common markers of endothelial dysfunction that are used in clinical studies are vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, intracellular adhesion molecule-1 and fibrinogen.
authors.affiliation: University of Toronto, and Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, Canada. avrum.gotlieb@utoronto.ca
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gotlieb
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001158:Arteries / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D001161:Arteriosclerosis / Q000097:blood* / Q000473:pathology; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002448:Cell Adhesion / Q000502:physiology; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules / Q000097:blood*; D002450:Cell Communication; D018450:Disease Progression; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D016326:Extracellular Matrix Proteins / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D012720:Severity of Illness Index
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules; D016326:Extracellular Matrix Proteins