title: Racial and ethnic differences in the use of cardiovascular procedures: findings from the California Cooperative Cardiovascular Project.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study used data from the California Cooperative Cardiovascular Project to examine the use of invasive and noninvasive cardiovascular procedures among Whites, African Americans, and Hispanics.
  
  
  METHODS
  The use of catheterization, percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA), coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery, and several noninvasive tests among all patients 65 years or older with a confirmed acute myocardial infarction in nonfederal hospitals from 1994 to 1995 was studied.
  
  
  RESULTS
  African Americans (n = 527) were less likely than Whites (n = 9489) to have received catheterization (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 0.62, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.50, 0.76), PTCA (OR = 0.64, 95% CI = 0.49, 0.85), or CABG surgery (OR = 0.42, 95% CI = 0.27, 0.64); somewhat more likely to have received a stress test or an echocardiogram; and equally likely to have received a multiple-gated acquisition scan. Hispanics (n = 689) also were less likely than Whites to have received catheterization (OR = 0.82, 95% CI = 0.68, 0.98) or PTCA (OR = 0.58, 95% CI = 0.45, 0.75).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  African Americans were less likely than Whites to undergo costly invasive cardiovascular procedures. In addition, Hispanics were less likely than Whites to have received catheterization and PTCA.
authors.affiliation: Division of Nutrition and Physical Activity, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Ga. 30341, USA. esf2@cdc.gov
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ford
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Newman
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Deosaransingh
mesh_terms: D018806:APACHE; D001741:Black or African American / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015906:Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D044383:Black People; D002140:California / Q000453:epidemiology; D006328:Cardiac Catheterization / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D001026:Coronary Artery Bypass / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005006:Ethnicity / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006630:Hispanic or Latino / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy*; D009204:Myocardial Revascularization / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D016017:Odds Ratio; D044469:Racial Groups; D044465:White People / Q000706:statistics & numerical data