title: Laparoscopically assisted ventriculoperitoneal shunt placement using 2-mm instrumentation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Laparoscopy has potential benefit in the placement of ventriculoperitoneal shunts. In patients who have undergone multiple shunt revisions or other abdominal operations, laparoscopy may be particularly beneficial when finding of a suitable area in which to place the shunt is a concern. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of laparoscopically assisted ventriculoperitoneal shunt placement, with an emphasis on using 2-mm instrumentation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Laparoscopically assisted ventriculoperitoneal shunt placement using 2-mm instrumentation was performed in eight adult hydrocephalus patients from August 1996 to September 1998. All eight patients had undergone 1 to 18 prior shunt revisions. The procedures were performed with two 2-mm trocars. The instrumentation consisted of a 2-mm laparoscope, a 2-mm grasper, and 2-mm scissors. All shunts were placed in an area free of adhesions and checked for flow under direct vision. Four of the patients required a lysis of adhesions to create a space adequate for catheter placement.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All of the procedures were successful, with no operative complications. The operative times ranged from 29 to 99 min, (mean, 63 min). The blood loss in all of the procedures was minimal. At this writing, none of the patients have required subsequent distal shunt revisions. No conversions to larger instruments or an open procedure were required.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Laparoscopically assisted ventriculoperitoneal shunt placement using 2-mm instrumentation is safe and effective, offering several advantages over the open procedure. This procedure is ideal for the use of 2-mm instruments.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030 USA.
authors.forename: P R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Reardon
authors.forename: T K
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: Scarborough
authors.forename: B D
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Matthews
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Marti
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Preciado
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D006849:Hydrocephalus / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery*; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013525:Surgical Instruments; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D017287:Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods