title: Analysis and quantification of mental stress and fatigue using Maxwell relations from thermodynamics.
abstract: Several experimental and theoretical techniques have been developed to analyze both physical and psychological stresses. These techniques have relied mainly on certain parameters based on physiological, behavioral, and performance related data. This study is based on a thought experiment which describes the technique to quantify mental stress based on physiological responses using the entropy concept. It relates different physiological parameters using the Maxwell relations of thermodynamics with a systems approach. Data for testing this analytical approach were obtained from an experimental study which was conducted to determine the effects of a mentally stressful situation (final examination) on the common physiological responses (blood pressure, pulse rate, and oral body temperature) of students. The results indicated that the imposed mental stress causes significant changes in physiological responses. The Maxwell relations of thermodynamics were used to quantify the level of stress under different conditions. The results obtained from these relations validated the principles of thermodynamics as applied to the human system.
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia 23529, USA.
authors.forename: S C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Boregowda
authors.forename: S N
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Tiwari
authors.forename: S K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Chaturvedi
authors.forename: D R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Redondo
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D019277:Entropy; D006804:Ergonomics; D005221:Fatigue / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008954:Models, Biological; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000503:physiopathology*