title: Endothelin-1 induces vascular endothelial growth factor synthesis in osteoblasts: involvement of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase.
abstract: We previously reported that endothelin-1 (ET-1) stimulates p44/p42 mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase and p38 MAP kinase in osteoblast-like MC3T3-E1 cells. In the present study, we investigated the effect of ET-1 on the synthesis of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in these cells. ET-1 significantly stimulated VEGF secretion time-dependently 18 hours after the stimulation. The stimulatory effect was dose-dependent in the range between 0.1 nM and 0.1 micro;M. BQ123, an antagonist of endothelin(A) (ET(A)) receptor, inhibited the ET-1-induced VEGF secretion. The ET-1-induced VEGF secretion was suppressed by SB203580 and PD169316, inhibitors of p38 MAP kinase, but not PD98059, an inhibitor of the upstream kinase that activates p44/p42 MAP kinase. 12-O-Tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA), a protein kinase C (PKC)-activating phorbol ester, stimulated VEGF secretion. Calphostin C, a specific PKC inhibitor, suppressed the VEGF secretion by ET-1. TPA-induced VEGF secretion was suppressed by SB203580. Taken together, our results strongly suggest that ET-1 stimulates VEGF synthesis via ET(A) receptor in osteoblasts and that p38 MAP kinase is involved at a point downstream from PKC in the VEGF synthesis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Gifu University School of Medicine, Gifu 500-8705, Japan.
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Kozawa
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kawamura
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hatakeyama
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Matsuno
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Uematsu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016228:Endothelial Growth Factors / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D019332:Endothelin-1 / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D004963:Estrenes / Q000494:pharmacology; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000494:pharmacology; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D008222:Lymphokines / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D020935:MAP Kinase Signaling System / Q000187:drug effects*; D051379:Mice; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000502:physiology*; D009281:Naphthalenes / Q000494:pharmacology; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D010703:Phorbol Esters / Q000494:pharmacology; D011493:Protein Kinase C / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000502:physiology; D011725:Pyridines / Q000494:pharmacology; D011760:Pyrrolidinones / Q000494:pharmacology; D044022:Receptor, Endothelin A; D017466:Receptors, Endothelin / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate / Q000494:pharmacology; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D042442:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases
chemical_list: D016228:Endothelial Growth Factors; D019332:Endothelin-1; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D004963:Estrenes; D005419:Flavonoids; D007093:Imidazoles; D008222:Lymphokines; D009281:Naphthalenes; D010703:Phorbol Esters; D011725:Pyridines; D011760:Pyrrolidinones; D044022:Receptor, Endothelin A; D017466:Receptors, Endothelin; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D042442:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors; C060229:1-(6-((3-methoxyestra-1,3,5(10)-trien-17-yl)amino)hexyl)-1H-pyrrole-2,5-dione; C008876:phorbol-12,13-didecanoate; D011493:Protein Kinase C; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; C408604:2-(4-nitrophenyl)-4-(4-fluorophenyl)-5-(4-pyridinyl)-1H-imidazole; C058819:calphostin C; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate; C093642:SB 203580; C093973:2-(2-amino-3-methoxyphenyl)-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one