title: Diaspirin-crosslinked hemoglobin reduces mortality of severe hemorrhagic shock in pigs with critical coronary stenosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effects of resuscitation with a 10% diaspirin-crosslinked hemoglobin (DCLHb) solution on global hemodynamic variables, systemic and myocardial oxygen transport and tissue oxygenation, and contractile function of the left ventricle in an experimental model of severe hemorrhagic shock and critical stenosis of the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD).
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective, placebo-controlled, randomized study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Experimental animal laboratory.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 20 anesthetized pigs.
  
  
  METHODS
  After implementation of a permanent critical LAD stenosis (ie, maintenance of basal blood flow but absence of reactive hyperemia after a 10-sec complete vessel occlusion), hemorrhagic shock (target mean aortic pressure, 45 mm Hg) was induced within 15 mins by programmed withdrawal of blood and maintained for 60 mins. Subsequently, the volume of plasma lost during hemorrhage was replaced by either a balanced electrolyte solution containing 10 g/dL DCLHb (DCLHb group; n = 10) or an 8 g/dL human albumin solution (HSA) oncotically matched to DCLHb (HSA group; n = 10). Data were collected immediately after the infusion of the different solutions and again after 60 mins had elapsed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Although five of ten HSA-treated animals died of acute left ventricular failure within the first 20 mins after complete fluid resuscitation, all of the DCLHb-treated animals survived the 60-min observation period after resuscitation (p < .05). This significant difference in mortality is explained by higher coronary perfusion pressure in DCLHb-treated animals (75 +/- 17 vs. 27 +/- 17 torr DCLHb vs. HSA group; p < .05) and persistence of subendocardial ischemia and hypoxia (radioactive microspheres method) in HSA-treated animals on resuscitation particularly affecting the LAD-supported myocardium (subendocardial oxygen delivery: 20 +/- 11 vs. 3 +/- 1 mL oxygen x g(-1) x min(-1), DCLHb vs. HSA group; p < .05). Except for enhanced myocardial contractility immediately on infusion of DCLHb (maximal left ventricular pressure increase: 2373 +/- 782 vs. 1730 +/- 543 torr x sec(-1) DCLHb vs. HSA group; p < .05), no differences were detected between groups concerning the variables of systemic oxygen transport, tissue oxygenation, and regional contractile function of the myocardium (determined with microsonometry).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Fluid resuscitation with 10% DCLHb solution completely reverses hemorrhagic shock-induced subendocardial ischemia and hypoxia in the presence of compromised coronary circulation and thereby prevents early death after resuscitation.
authors.affiliation: Clinic of Anesthesiology, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany. habler@icf.med.uni-muenchen.de
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Habler
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kleen
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pape
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Meisner
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kemming
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Messmer
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001241:Aspirin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001802:Blood Substitutes / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000150:complications*; D005260:Female; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D011897:Random Allocation; D012151:Resuscitation; D012771:Shock, Hemorrhagic / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality*; D013552:Swine
chemical_list: D001802:Blood Substitutes; D006454:Hemoglobins; C083478:diaspirin-cross-linked hemoglobin; D001241:Aspirin