title: Synthesis and cytokine modulation properties of pyrrolo[2, 3-d]-4-pyrimidone nucleosides.
abstract: A series of pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidone nucleosides were synthesized and evaluated for their ability to enhance Type 2 cytokines and to suppress Type 1 cytokines in human T cells activated in vitro. Compounds 16b, 16c, 16d, 18c, and 19b induced substantial enhancement of IL-4 (a Type 2 cytokine) levels while three compounds (16b, 16c, and 16f) showed significant suppression of IFNgamma (a Type 1 cytokine) levels. The results revealed a strict structural requirement for the nucleoside-mediated enhancement of IL-4. Modifications of the ribofuranose moiety of the nucleosides either abolished or dramatically reduced the activity. Both the 5'-hydroxy and 5-carboxamidine are crucial for the activity. Of the few nucleoside analogues that demonstrated enhancement on Type 2 cytokine production, 7-(beta-D-ribofuranosyl)pyrrolo[2, 3-d]-4-pyrimidone-5-carboxamidine (16c) showed a dramatic enhancement (>200%) of IL-4 levels and a significant enhancement (36%) of IL-5 levels. Moreover, this compound showed substantial suppression of the Type 1 cytokines, IFNgamma (42%), IL-2 (54%), and TNFalpha (55%). Similarly, compound 16b showed a substantial enhancement of IL-4 (46%) and suppression of IL-2 (35%), IFNgamma (30%), and TNFalpha (26%). To our knowledge, these are the first nucleoside analogues that induce a Type 2 cytokine bias in T cells. The cytokine modulation property of 16c and 16b merits the therapeutic evaluation of these compounds in treating diseases in which immunopathology is associated with polarized Type 1 cytokine responses.
authors.affiliation: Chemistry and Immunology Laboratories, ICN Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Costa Mesa, CA 92626, USA. gwang@ignpharm.com
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Tam
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Gunic
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Du
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bard
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Pai
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D009705:Nucleosides / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D011741:Pyrimidine Nucleosides / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D011744:Pyrimidinones / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: C411154:7-(ribofuranosyl)-pyrrolo(2,3-d)-4-pyrimidone-5-N-hydroxycarboxamidine; C411153:7-(ribofuranosyl)pyrrolo(2,3-d)-4-pyrimidone-5-carboxamidine; D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D016207:Cytokines; D009705:Nucleosides; D011741:Pyrimidine Nucleosides; D011744:Pyrimidinones