title: Outcome measures for complex regional pain syndrome type I: an overview in the context of the international classification of impairments, disabilities and handicaps.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the availability of relevant and objective outcome measures concerning complex regional pain syndrome type I (CRPS I) for rehabilitation medicine.
  
  
  METHODS
  Outcome measures were classified according to the International Classification of Impairments, Disabilities and Handicaps. For each outcome measure a description of concept, operationalization into variables and instrument was given. We performed a PUBMED MEDLINE search (1980-1998) using the following keywords: complex regional pain syndrome, reflex sympathetic dystrophy, impairment, disability, handicap, (long-term) outcome and effect/efficacy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Most outcome measures were concentrated on impairments, whereas measures at the level of disabilities and handicaps, the most relevant levels for rehabilitation medicine, were mentioned in very few studies. Objective outcome measures were merely found at the level of impairment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results indicate a need for the development of relevant outcome measures at the level of disabilities and handicaps that can objectively measure treatment efficacy for CRPS I.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, Erasmus University Rotterdam/University Hospital Rotterdam, The Netherlands. schasfoort@rev.fgg.eur.nl
authors.forename: F C
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Schasfoort
authors.forename: J B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Bussmann
authors.forename: H J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Stam
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living / Q000145:classification*; D001342:Autonomic Nervous System Diseases / Q000209:etiology; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D006801:Humans; D007391:International Cooperation; D009048:Motor Skills; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care / Q000379:methods*; D012019:Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D012678:Sensation Disorders / Q000209:etiology