title: Noninvasive fluorescent identification of bacteria causing acute otitis media in a chinchilla model.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate a noninvasive method of bacterial identification via fluorescence spectroscopy in the setting of acute otitis media in a chinchilla model.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective.
  
  
  METHODS
  For each chinchilla, transbullar inoculation with Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, or Staphylococcus aureus was performed bilaterally and clinical infection was determined by otoscopy. An optical fiber coupled to a spectrofluorometer allowed for the delivery of an excitation wavelength to the inflamed tympanic membrane and the acquisition of the resulting emission signal. Sequential emission spectra obtained over a range of excitation wavelengths were assembled by a computer algorithm, and a single, three-dimensional plot was created for each test ear. Similarly, plots from the healthy external auditory canal (EAC) were also recorded. Twelve animals were used to establish a library of four reference plots representing the three bacteria and the EAC. Of the 24 ears available for study, 10 were excluded from analysis because of lack of clinical infection or presence of tympanic membrane perforation with purulent drainage. From four additional animals, four samples from ears infected with the above bacteria and three samples of the EAC served as unknowns. The unknown plots were analyzed by an investigator blinded to their identity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Using a multiple correlation of the unknown to the reference plots, seven of seven samples were correctly identified.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We were able to establish a prototype method for the noninvasive identification of a limited library of pathogens in a chinchilla model of acute otitis media.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-2559, USA.
authors.forename: B C
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Spector
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Reinisch
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Werkhaven
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000818:Animals; D002682:Chinchilla; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D006192:Haemophilus Infections; D008297:Male; D010033:Otitis Media / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000382:microbiology*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013050:Spectrometry, Fluorescence / Q000379:methods*; D013203:Staphylococcal Infections; D013290:Streptococcal Infections