title: Developmental apraxia arising from neonatal brachial plexus palsy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether motor unit activation is impaired in patients with persisting disability arising from neonatal brachial plexus palsy (NBPP).
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  In NBPP patients, the authors previously found more extensive muscle reinnervation than might have been anticipated from the clinical examination.
  
  
  METHODS
  Motor skills were tested in a group of nine boys and seven girls with prior NBPP, who then underwent physiologic investigation of proximal and distal muscles in their affected and unaffected arms. The latter tests comprised measurements of maximal evoked muscle compound action potential (M-wave) amplitude, maximal voluntary torque, twitch torque, and twitch interpolation. A group of 17 children of similar ages served as control subjects.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the NBPP group, motor skills were diminished and voluntary torque was reduced relative to M-wave amplitude and twitch torque. Moreover, interpolated twitches could be demonstrated in some NBPP patients but not in control subjects.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Persisting disability in NBPP patients is due, at least in part, to impaired motor unit activation. The authors suggest that the impairment is a form of developmental apraxia caused by defective motor programming in early infancy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Division of Neurology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cupido
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Scarfone
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Pape
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Galea
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: McComas
mesh_terms: D000200:Action Potentials / Q000502:physiology; D000293:Adolescent; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001072:Apraxias / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D001720:Birth Injuries / Q000150:complications*; D001917:Brachial Plexus / Q000293:injuries*; D020516:Brachial Plexus Neuropathies / Q000150:complications*; D001921:Brain / Q000503:physiopathology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004576:Electromyography; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D018908:Muscle Weakness / Q000503:physiopathology; D009132:Muscles / Q000503:physiopathology; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000502:physiology