title: Pediatric deaths attributable to complex chronic conditions: a population-based study of Washington State, 1980-1997.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Advances in medical technology and public health are changing the causes and patterns of pediatric mortality. To better inform health care planning for dying children, we sought to determine if an increasing proportion of pediatric deaths were attributable to an underlying complex chronic condition (CCC), what the typical age of CCC-associated deaths was, and whether this age was increasing.
  
  
  METHODS
  Population-based retrospective cohort from 1980 to 1997, compiled from Washington State annual censuses and death certificates of children 0 to 18 years old.
  
  
  METHODS
  For each of 9 categories of CCCs, the counts of death, mortality rates, and ages of death.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Nearly one-quarter of the 21 617 child deaths during this period were attributable to a CCC. Death rates for the sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), CCCs, and all other causes each declined, but less so for CCCs. Among infants who died because of causes other than injury or SIDS, 31% of the remaining deaths were attributable to a CCC in 1980 and 41% by 1997; for deaths in children 1 year of age and older, CCCs were cited in 53% in 1980, versus 58% in 1997. The median age of death for all CCCs was 4 months 9 days, with substantial differences among CCCs. No overall change in the age of death between 1980 to 1997 was found (nonparametric trend test).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CCCs account for an increasing proportion of child deaths. The majority of these deaths occur during infancy, but the typical age varies by cause. These findings should help shape the design of support care services offered to children dying with chronic conditions and their families.
authors.affiliation: Robert Wood Johnson Clinical Scholars Program, University of Washington, Seattle, 98195-7183, USA. feudtner@u.washington.edu
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Feudtner
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Christakis
authors.forename: F A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Connell
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000367:Age Factors; D002423:Cause of Death; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002908:Chronic Disease / Q000401:mortality*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D014861:Washington / Q000453:epidemiology