title: Adenoid cystic carcinoma: use of cell proliferation, BCL-2 expression, histologic grade, and clinical stage as predictors of clinical outcome.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although the three basic histologic growth patterns of adenoid cystic carcinomas (tubular, cribriform, and solid) provide some indication of clinical outcome, additional, perhaps superior, predictors of biologic activity are needed for patient management.
  
  
  METHODS
  This series is composed of 31 adenoid cystic carcinomas that presented in Linköping between 1982 and 1997. The tumors were clinically staged and histologically graded. For each case, after immunohistochemical identification, the proportion of tumor cells expressing the cell cycle markers MIB-1 and bcl-2 (as an indicator of proliferation and apoptosis, respectively) were quantified. Statistical correlation was sought between tumor stage and grade and the two cell cycle markers.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The proportions of cycling tumor cells in adenoid cystic carcinomas ranged from 0.3% to 55%. For patients with no evidence of disease and a follow-up of at least 5 years, the mean percent MIB-1 value was significantly lower than for those patients who were alive with local recurrence and/or metastasis or who had died from their adenoid cystic carcinoma (p =. 024). MIB-1 tumor cell positivity also correlated strongly with tumor grade (p =.053), but not with stage (p =.22). Neither clinical stage nor histologic grade correlated with the degree of bcl-2 tumor cell positivity (p =.97 and p =.49, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Staging and grading continue to play a vital role in the management of patients with adenoid cystic carcinoma. Furthermore, in this series of patients with adenoid cystic carcinoma, a cycling tumor cell population as measured by the MIB-1 antibody greater than 10% indicates this group as biologically more aggressive and at an increased risk for a fatal course.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Linköping University Hospital, Sweden.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Norberg-Spaak
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Dardick
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ledin
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D034961:Antigens, Nuclear; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000235:genetics; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis; D003528:Carcinoma, Adenoid Cystic / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology* / Q000556:secondary / Q000601:surgery; D002423:Cause of Death; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000235:genetics; D002455:Cell Division; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005544:Forecasting; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D019254:Genes, bcl-2 / Q000235:genetics*; D006258:Head and Neck Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / Q000032:analysis* / Q000235:genetics; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D034961:Antigens, Nuclear; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2