title: The effect of mechanoreceptor stimulation of the laryngopharynx on the oesophago-gastric junction.
abstract: Stimulation of the pharynx by injection of minute amounts of water induces prolonged period of lower oesophageal sphincter (LOS) relaxation and augmentation of the crural diaphragm (CD) contraction. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of stimulating mechano-receptors at the laryngopharynx on the LOS and CD by using an air pulse stimulation device. Air pulses were delivered via the internal channel of a flexible endoscope. Oesophageal, LOS, and CD pressures; CD electromyogram; and oesophageal pH 5 cm above the LOS were recorded in nine healthy subjects. Stimulation of the laryngopharynx induced LOS relaxation in the absence of swallow and oesophageal peristalsis. The stimulation of epiglottis and arytenoid produced higher incidence of LOS relaxation compared to the base of tongue. The magnitude of LOS relaxation differed significantly between the three anatomical sites, with greater relaxation occurring at the epiglottis and arytenoid compared with the base of the tongue. None of the LOS relaxations induced by laryngeal stimulation resulted in inhibition of the CD or gastroesophageal reflux. We conclude that stimulation of the laryngopharyngeal mechanoreceptors induces LOS but not CD relaxation. The LOS relaxation induced by laryngopharyngeal stimulation is not accompanied by acid reflux in fasting state.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Noordzij
authors.forename: R K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Mittal
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Arora
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Pehlivanov
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Reibel
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Levine
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000758:Anesthesia; D001193:Arytenoid Cartilage / Q000502:physiology; D003964:Diaphragm / Q000502:physiology; D004576:Electromyography; D004825:Epiglottis / Q000502:physiology; D004943:Esophagogastric Junction / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007013:Hypopharynx / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D008465:Mechanoreceptors / Q000502:physiology*; D009119:Muscle Contraction; D009126:Muscle Relaxation; D010812:Physical Stimulation; D011312:Pressure; D014059:Tongue / Q000502:physiology