title: Dissecting the role of the golgi complex and lipid rafts in biosynthetic transport of cholesterol to the cell surface.
abstract: In this study, we compared the transport of newly synthesized cholesterol with that of influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA) from the endoplasmic reticulum to the plasma membrane. The arrival of cholesterol on the cell surface was monitored by cyclodextrin removal, and HA transport was monitored by surface trypsinization and endoglycosidase H digestion. We found that disassembly of the Golgi complex by brefeldin A treatment resulted in partial inhibition of cholesterol transport while completely blocking HA transport. Further, microtubule depolymerization by nocodazole inhibited cholesterol and HA transport to a similar extent. When the partitioning of cholesterol into lipid rafts was analyzed, we found that newly synthesized cholesterol began to associate with low-density detergent-resistant membranes rapidly after synthesis, before it was detectable on the cell surface, and its raft association increased further upon chasing. When cholesterol transport was blocked by using 15 degrees C incubation, the association of newly synthesized cholesterol with low-density detergent-insoluble membranes was decreased and cholesterol accumulated in a fraction with intermediate density. Our results provide evidence for the partial contribution of the Golgi complex to the transport of newly synthesized cholesterol to the cell surface and suggest that detergent-resistant membranes are involved in the process.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, National Public Health Institute, Mannerheimintie 166, 00300 Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Heino
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lusa
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Somerharju
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ehnholm
authors.forename: V M
authors.initials: VM
authors.lastname: Olkkonen
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ikonen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001692:Biological Transport; D020126:Brefeldin A / Q000494:pharmacology; D002457:Cell Extracts; D002460:Cell Line; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000378:metabolism; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000378:metabolism*; D006224:Cricetinae; D003505:Cyclodextrins / Q000378:metabolism; D006056:Golgi Apparatus / Q000502:physiology*; D019267:Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D050356:Lipid Metabolism; D015739:Nocodazole / Q000494:pharmacology; D013696:Temperature
chemical_list: D002457:Cell Extracts; D003505:Cyclodextrins; D019267:Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus; D020126:Brefeldin A; D002784:Cholesterol; D015739:Nocodazole