title: Effect of a trainer cow on health, behavior, and performance of newly weaned beef calves.
abstract: Experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of the presence of a trainer cow on behavior, performance, health, and feeding patterns of newly weaned beef calves. In Exp. 1,252 weaned calves (270+/-18 kg) were allocated to 22 pens (11 to 15 calves per pen). A trainer cow was randomly assigned to each of 11 pens. Calves were weighed prior to feeding on d 0, 3, 7, 14, 21, and 28. Rectal temperatures were taken on each of these days (except d 28) and blood samples were collected on d 0, 3, and 7 and subsequently analyzed for serum haptoglobin and leukotoxin antibody titers. Instantaneous scan observations of calf behavior were made at 10-min intervals between 0730 and 1730 on d 1, 2, 4, 5, and 6. A similar protocol was used in Exp. 2, in which 297 calves (258+/-17 kg) were allocated to 24 pens. Blood analyses included haptoglobin, white blood cell counts (WBC), and neutrophil:lymphocyte (NL) ratios. In Exp. 3, the above protocol was followed and patterns of feed bunk attendance of individual calves were also monitored using radio frequency identification by passive transponder ear tags. Trainer cows did not influence (P > .10) calf rectal temperatures, requirements for antibiotic therapy, WBC, NL ratios, or leukotoxin antibody titers. Pooled across treatments, NL ratios were lower (P < .01) on d 0 (.31) than on d 3 (.36) or d 7 (.39). Although differences in weight gain were detected in some periods within the three experiments, there were no differences (P > .10) overall (d 0 to 28). Trainer cows did not affect (P > .05) frequency or duration of bunk visits by the calves. Averaged across treatments, frequency and duration of bunk visits increased (P < .001) from 9.6 visits/d and 56.7 min/d between d 0 and 3 to 12.3 visits/d and 108.9 min/d between d 15 and 21. The number of calves observed eating during scan sampling observations also increased from 16.4% on d 1 to 25% on d 4 (P < .10) and 29% on d 5 and 6 (P < .05). More (P < .05) calves were observed lying on d 1 (41.7%) and d 2 (45.3%) than on d 4 (37.5%), d 5 (34.8%), or d 6 (36.2%). With a trainer cow present, fewer (36.7% vs 41.5%; P < .001) calves were observed lying and more (11.7% vs 10.2%; P = .08) were observed walking than when no cow was present. Trainer cows did not improve calf health, time spent at the feed bunk, or performance of newly weaned calves.
authors.affiliation: Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, Alberta.
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Gibb
authors.forename: K S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Schwartzkopf-Genswein
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Stookey
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: McKinnon
authors.forename: D L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Godson
authors.forename: R D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Wiedmeier
authors.forename: T A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: McAllister
mesh_terms: D000822:Animal Husbandry / Q000379:methods*; D000818:Animals; D000906:Antibodies / Q000032:analysis; D001831:Body Temperature; D002417:Cattle / Q000254:growth & development*; D002149:Energy Intake; D005098:Exotoxins / Q000276:immunology; D006242:Haptoglobins / Q000032:analysis; D008297:Male; D012919:Social Behavior; D014886:Weaning; D015430:Weight Gain
chemical_list: D000906:Antibodies; D005098:Exotoxins; D006242:Haptoglobins; C018579:leukotoxin