title: Expression of the matrix metalloproteinase 9 in Hodgkin's disease is independent of EBV status.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In vitro the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) encoded latent membrane protein 1 (LMP-1) has been shown to upregulate expression of matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9), a member of a family of zinc dependent endopeptidases that is believed to facilitate tumour invasion and metastasis by degradation of the extracellular matrix.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To test whether the expression of MMP-9 in Hodgkin's disease correlates with EBV status and survival and to investigate whether LMP-1 expression affects MMP-9 concentrations in the Hodgkin's disease cell line, L428.
  
  
  METHODS
  MMP-9 expression was measured by means of immunohistochemistry in a series of Hodgkin's disease tumours and this expression was correlated with EBV status and survival. The influence of LMP-1 on MMP-9 expression was also investigated in the Hodgkin's disease cell line, L428.
  
  
  RESULTS
  MMP-9 expression was demonstrated in the malignant Hodgkin and Reed-Sternberg cells of all (n = 86) formalin fixed, paraffin wax embedded Hodgkin's disease tumours examined. Although the intensity of MMP-9 immunostaining varied between cases, there was no correlation between MMP-9 expression and EBV status or survival. MMP-9 expression was also detected in a variety of non-malignant cells, including fibroblasts. MMP-9 was detected by zymography in the L428 and KMH2 Hodgkin's disease cell lines, whereas low or undetectable amounts of MMP-9 were found in the L591 Hodgkin's disease cell line. Induction of LMP-1 expression in the Hodgkin's disease cell line L428 did not result in a detectable increase in the values of MMP-9 as measured by zymography.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results demonstrate that MMP-9 is consistently expressed by the Hodgkin and Reed-Sternberg cells of Hodgkin's disease tumours and by the Hodgkin's disease cell lines, L428 and KMH2. However, this expression does not appear to be related either to LMP-1 values or to survival.
authors.affiliation: Biomedical Science Research Laboratories, School of Health Sciences, University of Wolverhampton, UK.
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Flavell
authors.forename: K R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Baumforth
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lukesova
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Madarova
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Noskova
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Prochazkova
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lowe
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Kolar
authors.forename: P G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Murray
authors.forename: P N
authors.initials: PN
authors.lastname: Nelson
mesh_terms: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism*; D015153:Blotting, Western; D004854:Herpesvirus 4, Human / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D006689:Hodgkin Disease / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000821:virology; D006801:Humans; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / Q000378:metabolism*; D015996:Survival Rate; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D014763:Viral Matrix Proteins / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; C037662:EBV-associated membrane antigen, Epstein-Barr virus; D014763:Viral Matrix Proteins; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9