title: The effect of coal combustion flue gas components on low-level chlorine speciation using EPA method 26A.
abstract: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Method 26A is the recommended procedure for capturing and speciating halogen (X2) and hydrogen halide (HX) stack emissions from combustion sources. Previous evaluation studies of Method 26A have focused primarily on hydrogen chloride (HCl) speciation. Capture efficiency, bias, and the potential interference of Cl2 at high levels (> 20 ppm [microgram/m3]) and NH4Cl in the flue gas stream have been investigated. It has been suggested that precise Cl2 measurement and accuracy in quantifying HX or X2 using Method 26A are difficult to achieve at Cl2 concentrations < 5 ppm; however, no performance data exist to support this. Coal contains low levels of Cl, in the range of 5-2000 ppmw, which results in the presence of HCl and Cl2 in the products of combustion. HCl is the predominant Cl compound formed in the high-temperature combustion process, and it persists in the gas as the products of combustion cool. Concentrations of Cl2 in coal combustion flue gas at stack temperatures typically do not exceed 5 ppm. For this research, bench-scale experiments using simulated combustion flue gas were designed to validate the ability of Method 26A to speciate low levels of Cl2 accurately. This paper presents the results of the bench-scale tests. The effect of various flue gas components is discussed. The results indicate that SO2 is the only component in coal combustion flue gas that has an appreciable effect on Cl2 distribution in Method 26A impingers, and that Method 26A cannot accurately speciate HCl and Cl2 in coal combustion flue gas without modification.
authors.affiliation: Energy & Environmental Research Center, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, USA. jsun@eerc.und.nodak.edu
authors.forename: J Q
authors.initials: JQ
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: C R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Crocker
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Lillemoen
mesh_terms: D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism; D017606:Chlorine Compounds / Q000378:metabolism*; D003031:Coal; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013458:Sulfur Dioxide / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D017606:Chlorine Compounds; D003031:Coal; D013458:Sulfur Dioxide