title: 2-Amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline inhibits nitric oxide production in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells by blocking p38 kinase activation.
abstract: We show that 2-amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline (IQ), a heterocyclic amine, significantly inhibits nitric oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophages. The decrease in NO production was found to correlate well with a decrease in inducible NO synthase (iNOS) mRNA expression as demonstrated by Northern blot analysis. Treatment of RAW 264.7 cells with IQ selectively inhibited the activation of NF-kappaB/Rel, an important transcription factor of iNOS gene expression, while neither AP-1 nor Oct was affected by IQ. Since iNOS transcription has been shown recently to be under the control of the p38 kinase signaling cascade, we assessed the effect of IQ on p38 kinase activation. Treatment of RAW 264.7 with IQ inhibited LPS-stimulated p38 kinase phosphorylation in a dose-related manner. IQ also inhibited the p38 kinase activity. Collectively, this series of experiments indicates that IQ inhibits LPS-induced expression of iNOS gene in RAW 264.7 cells. Based on our findings, the most likely mechanism that can account for this biological effect involves the negative regulation of NF-kappaB/Rel and p38 kinase pathway.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Taejon, South Korea.
authors.forename: Y W
authors.initials: YW
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: S H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: K H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: H M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Y J
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Jeon
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008262:Macrophage Activation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D017737:Macrophages, Peritoneal / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism; D009153:Mutagens / Q000633:toxicity*; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000502:physiology; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000096:biosynthesis; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000502:physiology; D020569:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-rel / Q000502:physiology; D011804:Quinolines / Q000633:toxicity*; D013268:Stimulation, Chemical; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases
chemical_list: D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D009153:Mutagens; D016328:NF-kappa B; D020569:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-rel; D011804:Quinolines; C029216:2-amino-3-methylimidazo(4,5-f)quinoline; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; C496317:Nos2 protein, mouse; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases