title: Pattern of deposition of stainless steel welding fume particles inhaled into the respiratory systems of Sprague-Dawley rats exposed to a novel welding fume generating system.
abstract: In order to investigate occupational diseases related to welding fume exposure, such as nasal septum perforation, pneumoconiosis and manganese intoxication, we built a welding fume exposure system that included a welding fume generator, exposure chamber and fume collector. The fume concentrations in the exposure chamber were monitored every 15 min during a 2-h exposure. Fume (mg/m(3)) concentrations of major metals, including Fe, Mn, Cr, and Ni were found to be consistently maintained. An acute inhalation toxicity study was conducted by exposing male Sprague-Dawley rats to the welding fumes generated in this apparatus by stainless steel arc welding. The rats were exposed in the inhalation chamber to a welding fume with a concentration of 62 mg/m(3) total suspended particulates for 4 h. Animals were sacrificed at 4 h and at 1, 3, 7, 10, and 14 days after exposure. Histopathological examinations were conducted on the animals' upper respiratory tracts, including the nasal pathway and the conducting airway, and on the gas exchange region including the alveolar ducts, alveolar sacs, and alveoli. Diameters of fume particles varied from 0.02 to 0.81 microm and were distributed log normally, with a mean diameter of 0.1 microm and geometric standard deviation of 1.42. Rats exposed to the welding fume for 4 h did not show any significant respiratory system toxicity. The mean particle diameter of 0.1 microm resulted in little adsorption of the welding fume particles in the upper respiratory tract. Particle adsorption took place principally in the lower respiratory tracts, including bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveolar sacs, and alveoli.
authors.affiliation: Industrial Chemical Research Center, Occupational Safety and Health Research Institute, Korea Occupational Safety Health Agency, Moonji-dong, Taejon, South Korea. u1670916@chollian.net
authors.forename: I J
authors.initials: IJ
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: K J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: H K
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: K S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: K T
authors.initials: KT
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: S H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Maeng
authors.forename: Y H
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.forename: S H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: K H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: H K
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Chung
mesh_terms: D000280:Administration, Inhalation; D000818:Animals; D002857:Chromium / Q000633:toxicity; D008297:Male; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects*; D010316:Particle Size; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012137:Respiratory System / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D013193:Stainless Steel; D014896:Welding
chemical_list: D002857:Chromium; D013193:Stainless Steel