title: Isolation and characterization of the novel popeye gene family expressed in skeletal muscle and heart.
abstract: We identified a novel gene family in vertebrates which is preferentially expressed in developing and adult striated muscle. Three genes of the Popeye (POP) family were detected in human and mouse and two in chicken. Chromosomal mapping indicates that Pop1 and Pop3 genes are clustered on mouse chromosome 10, whereas Pop2 maps to mouse chromosome 16. We found evidence that POP1 and POP3 in chicken may also be linked and multiple transcript isoforms are generated from this locus. The POP genes encode proteins with three potential transmembrane domains that are conserved in all family members. Individual POP genes exhibit specific expression patterns during development and postnatally. Chicken POP3 and mouse Pop1 are first preferentially expressed in atrium and later also in the subepicardial compact layer of the ventricles. Chicken POP1 and mouse Pop2 are expressed in the entire heart except the outflow tract. All three Pop genes are expressed in heart and skeletal muscle of the adult mouse and lower in lung. Pop1 and Pop2 expression is upregulated in uterus of pregnant mice. Like the mouse genes, human POP genes are predominantly expressed in skeletal and cardiac muscle. The strong conservation of POP genes during evolution and their preferential expression in heart and skeletal muscle suggest that these novel proteins may have an important function in these tissues in vertebrates.
authors.affiliation: Cell and Molecular Biology, Technical University of Braunschweig, Brunswick, 38106, Germany.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Andrée
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hillemann
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kessler-Icekson
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Schmitt-John
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Jockusch
authors.forename: H H
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Arnold
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Brand
mesh_terms: D017398:Alternative Splicing; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D030161:Avian Proteins; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules; D002642:Chick Embryo; D004627:Embryonic Induction; D005260:Female; D015723:Gene Library; D006321:Heart / Q000196:embryology*; D006325:Heart Atria / Q000196:embryology; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D005810:Multigene Family; D009124:Muscle Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000196:embryology*; D010496:Pericardium / Q000196:embryology; D011247:Pregnancy; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D014599:Uterus
chemical_list: D030161:Avian Proteins; C498788:Bves protein, Gallus gallus; C498789:Bves protein, mouse; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules; D009124:Muscle Proteins; C498790:POPDC2 protein, human; C498792:POPDC3 protein, human; C498791:Popdc2 protein, mouse; C498793:Popdc3 protein, mouse; D012333:RNA, Messenger