title: Extraction of tricyclazole from soil and sediment with subcritical water.
abstract: The use of subcritical water to extract tricyclazole from soils and sediments was examined. Extraction efficiency and kinetics were determined as a function of temperature, sample age, sample matrix, sample size, and flow rate. Extraction temperature was the most influential experimental factor affecting extraction efficiency and kinetics, with increasing temperature (up to 150 degrees C) yielding faster and higher efficiency extractions. Higher extraction temperatures were also important for quantitative recovery of tricyclazole from aged samples. Extraction at 50 degrees C yielded 97% recoveries from samples aged 1 day but only 30% recoveries for samples aged 202 days, whereas extraction at 150 degrees C yielded recoveries of 85-100% that were independent of incubation time and sample matrix, with the exception of one sediment that contained a large amount of organic matter. Sample extracts from subcritical water extraction were generally a pale yellow color, contrasted with a dark brown color from organic solvent extractions of the same matrixes. Less sample cleanup was therefore required prior to analysis, with the total time for the extraction and analysis of a single sample being approximately 2 h. Subcritical water extraction is an effective technique for the rapid and quantitative extraction of tricyclazole from soils and sediments.
authors.affiliation: Dow AgroSciences Environmental Chemistry Laboratory, Indianapolis, IN 46268, USA. mkrieger@dowagro.com
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Krieger
authors.forename: W L
authors.initials: WL
authors.lastname: Cook
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Kennard
mesh_terms: D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods; D019015:Geologic Sediments / Q000032:analysis*; D007700:Kinetics; D012987:Soil / Q000032:analysis*; D013816:Thermodynamics; D013844:Thiazoles / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D014867:Water
chemical_list: D000935:Antifungal Agents; D012987:Soil; D013844:Thiazoles; D014867:Water; C041191:tricyclazole