title: The management and outcome of bladder carcinoma in Ontario, 1982-1994.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  To the authors' knowledge no previous study has described the management and outcome of bladder carcinoma on a population-based level. The objective of the current study was to describe the characteristics, treatment, and outcome of newly diagnosed invasive bladder carcinoma (n = 20,822) reported in Ontario, Canada between 1982-1994.
  
  
  METHODS
  Electronic records of invasive bladder carcinoma (International Classification of Diseases code 188) from the Ontario Cancer Registry were linked to surgical and radiotherapy (RT) records. Bivariate and multivariate techniques were used to assess variations in the use of initial cystectomy and pelvic RT. The authors modeled the likelihood of death after diagnosis and the probability of cystectomy free survival. All analyses were controlled for age, gender, histology, and year of diagnosis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The most common histologic type was papillary transitional cell carcinoma. Maximum initial treatment was comprised of total cystectomy (5.1%), partial cystectomy or open excision (3. 5%), pelvic RT (5.9%), transurethral resection of the bladder (66. 7%), or lesser or no procedures (18.7%). The use of total cystectomy and pelvic RT varied among the regions of Ontario. Overall 5-year survival was 58.8%, and was 86.5% for patients with papillary histology. In multivariate analysis, although survival was similar among the regions, the relative risk of cystectomy conditional on survival varied.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Papillary tumors portend a better survival than nonpapillary tumors. Variations in the use of total cystectomy and in the use of pelvic RT among the regions of Ontario did not appear to be associated with variations in survival. However, cystectomy free survival appeared to vary among the regions. These results suggest that patients can be managed safely using a bladder-preserving approach.
authors.affiliation: The Radiation Oncology Research Unit, Kingston Regional Cancer Centre, Department of Oncology, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: C R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Hayter
authors.forename: L F
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Paszat
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Groome
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Schulze
authors.forename: W J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Mackillop
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002291:Carcinoma, Papillary / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy*; D002295:Carcinoma, Transitional Cell / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy*; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D015653:Cystectomy; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009864:Ontario; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D012042:Registries; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy*