title: Induction of apoptosis in WEHI 231 cells by cationic liposomes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Liposomes are of considerable interest as drug carriers and immunoadjuvants. However, few investigators have studied the changes exerted by liposomes in the cells with which they interact. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether liposomes induce apoptosis in B cells.
  
  
  METHODS
  The mouse immature B cell line WEHI 231 cells and mouse splenic B cells were treated with liposomes, and the induction of apoptosis was evaluated by monitoring changes in DNA content, DNA fragmentation and chromatin condensation by flow cytometry, agarose gel electrophoresis and by morphological investigation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cationic liposomes induced apoptosis in WEHI 231 cells, but neutral and anionic liposomes did not. A contact time of 30 min between WEHI 231 cells and cationic liposomes was sufficient to induce apoptosis, and 80% of the cells showed hypodiploid DNA content. Apoptosis induced by cationic liposomes composed of stearylamine was inhibited by addition of the oxidant scavenger, N-acetyl-cysteine.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cationic liposomes induced apoptosis in WEHI 231 cells, and the production of reactive oxygen species is important in the regulation of apoptosis induced by cationic liposomes. It is well known that cationic liposomes show cytotoxicity, and apoptosis may be one of the causes of this toxicity.
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Science, Hachioji, Japan. aramaki@ps.toyaku.ac.jp
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Aramaki
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Takano
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Arima
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tsuchiya
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D001402:B-Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects*; D002412:Cations; D002460:Cell Line; D004247:DNA / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D053938:DNA Fragmentation / Q000187:drug effects; D004587:Electrophoresis, Agar Gel; D008081:Liposomes / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051379:Mice; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D013154:Spleen / Q000166:cytology
chemical_list: D002412:Cations; D008081:Liposomes; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D004247:DNA