title: Language trees support the express-train sequence of Austronesian expansion.
abstract: Languages, like molecules, document evolutionary history. Darwin observed that evolutionary change in languages greatly resembled the processes of biological evolution: inheritance from a common ancestor and convergent evolution operate in both. Despite many suggestions, few attempts have been made to apply the phylogenetic methods used in biology to linguistic data. Here we report a parsimony analysis of a large language data set. We use this analysis to test competing hypotheses--the "express-train" and the "entangled-bank" models--for the colonization of the Pacific by Austronesian-speaking peoples. The parsimony analysis of a matrix of 77 Austronesian languages with 5,185 lexical items produced a single most-parsimonious tree. The express-train model was converted into an ordered geographical character and mapped onto the language tree. We found that the topology of the language tree was highly compatible with the express-train model.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Auckland, New Zealand. rd.gray@auckland.ac.nz
authors.forename: R D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Gray
authors.forename: F M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Jordan
mesh_terms: D001106:Archaeology; D001208:Asia; D001315:Australia; D005075:Biological Evolution; D006801:Humans; D007802:Language; D008954:Models, Biological; D010139:Pacific Islands; D010802:Phylogeny; D011114:Polynesia; D011157:Population Dynamics