title: Inhibition of mouse neuromuscular transmission and contractile function by okadaic acid and cantharidin.
abstract: 1. Phosphorylations of cellular proteins modulate biological activities. The effects of okadaic acid (0.1 - 10 microM) and cantharidin (1 - 100 microM), inhibitors of protein phosphatases, on the synaptic transmission at the mouse neuromuscular junction were explored. 2. Both inhibitors almost completely depressed twitch forces elicited by electrical stimulation of diaphragm muscles (the IC(50)s for okadaic acid and cantharidin were 1.1+/-0.2 and 13+/-1 microM, n=5, respectively) and suppressed contractures evoked by high K(+) and ryanodine more than 70%. Contractures caused by cardiotoxin, which destroys the integrity of sarcolemma, were not depressed. 3. Both okadaic acid (10 microM) and cantharidin (100 microM) depolarized muscle membranes from approximately -80 to approximately -60 mV in a partially reversible and tetrodotoxin-sensitive manner. The initial short-term enhancement of twitch responses (up to approximately 40%) was correlated with the inhibitors-induced repetitive firings of muscle action potential. 4. Treatment with either agent resulted in nearly complete inhibitions of endplate potential (epp). The IC(50)s were 0.8+/-0.2 and 9+/-2 microM (n=5), respectively, for okadaic acid and cantharidin. On high frequency stimulation, the coefficient of epps was increased more than 10 fold and the extent of epp run-down during stimulations intensified from approximately 25 to approximately 75%. Analyses of presynaptic quantal releases revealed decreases in epp quantal content and the immediately available vesicle pool. 5. The frequency of miniature epp was initially elevated up to 2 fold then suppressed down to approximately 30%. The small reduction in the amplitude was antagonized when the membrane of endplate area was repolarized. 6. The data suggest that okadaic acid and cantharidin inhibit mobilizations of synaptic vesicles and depress Ca(2+) release from sarcoplasmic reticulum and that protein phosphatases participate in the modulation of motor function.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, ROC.
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Hong
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002193:Cantharidin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004179:Cobra Cardiotoxin Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology; D003964:Diaphragm / Q000187:drug effects / Q000294:innervation / Q000502:physiology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008564:Membrane Potentials / Q000187:drug effects; D051379:Mice; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000187:drug effects*; D009130:Muscle, Smooth / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D009469:Neuromuscular Junction / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D019319:Okadaic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011189:Potassium Chloride / Q000494:pharmacology; D012433:Ryanodine / Q000494:pharmacology; D009435:Synaptic Transmission / Q000187:drug effects*; D013779:Tetrodotoxin / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D004179:Cobra Cardiotoxin Proteins; D012433:Ryanodine; D019319:Okadaic Acid; D013779:Tetrodotoxin; D011189:Potassium Chloride; D002193:Cantharidin