title: Direct determination of t,t-muconic acid in human urine by two-dimensional liquid chromatography.
abstract: The accurate determination of E,E-2,4-hexadiendioic acid (t,t-muconic acid), an important urinary biomarker of benzene exposure, is directly performed in human urine by a new two-dimensional liquid chromatographic method. After a first partial separation of urine components by a reversed-phase mechanism and the focalisation of the anionic analytes on a small anion-chromatographic column, a conventional ion-chromatographic analysis with UV detection is carried out. The analytical procedure is fully controlled by the HPLC instrumentation software using an eight-port switch valve. If compared with conventional one-dimensional procedures, the new method produces chromatograms containing a limited number of well resolved peaks and consequently allows better analytical performances: no interfering peaks, absence of bias, repeatability better than 5% in the concentration range 0.09-5 mg dm-3 and a detection limit of 4.0 micrograms dm-3 (alpha = beta = 0.05) for the analysis of real samples.
authors.affiliation: Università degli Studi di Padova, Dipartimento di Chimica Inorganica, Metallorganica ed Analitica, Italy.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Serena
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tapparo
authors.forename: G G
authors.initials: GG
authors.lastname: Bombi
mesh_terms: D002853:Chromatography, Liquid / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D013011:Sorbic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000032:analysis; D014556:Urine / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: C005939:muconic acid; D013011:Sorbic Acid