title: Complex formation of adenomatous polyposis coli gene product and axin facilitates glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta-dependent phosphorylation of beta-catenin and down-regulates beta-catenin.
abstract: Adenomatous polyposis coli gene product (APC) functions as a tumor suppressor and its mutations in familial adenomatous polyposis and colorectal cancers lead to the accumulation of cytoplasmic beta-catenin. The molecular mechanism by which APC regulates the stability of beta-catenin was investigated. The central region of APC, APC-(1211-2075), has the beta-catenin- and Axin-binding sites and down-regulates beta-catenin. Glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta (GSK-3 beta) phosphorylated beta-catenin slightly in the presence of either APC-(1211-2075) or Axin(delta)(beta)(-catenin), in which the beta-catenin-binding site is deleted, and greatly in the presence of both proteins. The enhancement of the GSK-3 beta-dependent phosphorylation of beta-catenin was eliminated by the APC-binding site of Axin. Axin down-regulated beta-catenin in SW480 cells, but not Axin(delta)(beta)(-catenin). In L cells where APC is intact, Axin(delta)(beta)(-catenin) inhibited Wnt-dependent accumulation of beta-catenin but not Axin-(298-832)(delta)(beta)(-catenin) in which the APC- and beta-catenin-binding sites are deleted. These results indicate that the complex formation of APC and Axin enhances the phosphorylation of beta-catenin by GSK-3 beta, leading to the down-regulation of beta-catenin.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Hiroshima University School of Medicine, 1-2-3, Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hinoi
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kishida
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Takada
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kishida
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kikuchi
mesh_terms: D025601:Adenomatous Polyposis Coli Protein; D000818:Animals; D060466:Axin Protein; D001665:Binding Sites; D017871:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D002460:Cell Line; D003598:Cytoskeletal Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D015536:Down-Regulation; D038362:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3; D038341:Glycogen Synthase Kinases; D006801:Humans; D006868:Hydrolysis; D016296:Mutagenesis; D010766:Phosphorylation; D011485:Protein Binding; D011506:Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D012097:Repressor Proteins; D015534:Trans-Activators; D014452:Ubiquitins / Q000378:metabolism; D051176:beta Catenin
chemical_list: D025601:Adenomatous Polyposis Coli Protein; D060466:Axin Protein; C495270:CTNNB1 protein, human; D003598:Cytoskeletal Proteins; D011506:Proteins; D012097:Repressor Proteins; D015534:Trans-Activators; D014452:Ubiquitins; D051176:beta Catenin; D038341:Glycogen Synthase Kinases; D017871:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases; D038362:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3