title: A comparative study of aimed throwing by monkeys and humans.
abstract: This research examined hand preference and postural characteristics of aimed throwing in capuchin monkeys and humans. We sought to directly compare the throwing performances of these primates, particularly the extent to which target distance influences hand preference, throwing posture, and throwing accuracy. For both species we found positive correlations between target distances for throwing accuracy, direction and strength of hand preference, percentage of bipedal vs tripedal throws, and percentage of overarm vs underarm throws. Throwing accuracy did not vary as a function of right vs left hand use although for monkeys throwing accuracy was positively associated with hand preference strength. We noted a sex difference among humans as males threw more accurately than did females. Between-species analysis indicated that humans exhibited greater right- vs left-hand use, greater hand preference strength, a greater relative percentage of bipedal vs tripedal throws, and a lower relative percentage of overarm vs underarm throws than did monkeys. We believe that the capuchin monkey is an informative nonhuman primate model of aimed throwing in humans and that research examining the throwing behavior of capuchins provides insight into the neurological and behavioral characteristics that underlie coordinated multi-joint movements across the primate order.
authors.affiliation: Division of Research, LABS of Virginia, Inc, PO Box 557, Yemassee, SC 29945, USA. gwprimate@aol.com
authors.forename: G C
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Westergaard
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Liv
authors.forename: M K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Haynie
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Suomi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D002428:Cebus; D005260:Female; D007839:Functional Laterality; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D023421:Models, Animal; D009048:Motor Skills; D009949:Orientation; D011187:Posture; D011597:Psychomotor Performance; D013045:Species Specificity