title: HIV prevalence and associated risks in young men who have sex with men. Young Men's Survey Study Group.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Studies conducted in the late 1980s on human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection among older men who have sex with men (MSM) suggested the epidemic had peaked; however, more recent studies in younger MSM have suggested continued high HIV incidence.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the current state of the HIV epidemic among adolescent and young adult MSM in the United States by assessing the prevalence of HIV infection and associated risks in this population in metropolitan areas.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Young Men's Survey, a cross-sectional, multisite, venue-based survey conducted from 1994 through 1998.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred ninety-four public venues frequented by young MSM in Baltimore, Md; Dallas, Tex; Los Angeles, Calif; Miami, Fla; New York, NY; the San Francisco (Calif) Bay Area; and Seattle, Wash.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 3492 15- to 22-year-old MSM who consented to an interview and HIV testing.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prevalence of HIV infection and associated characteristics and risk behaviors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Prevalence of HIV infection was high (overall, 7.2%; range for the 7 areas, 2.2%-12. 1%) and increased with age, from 0% among 15-year-olds to 9.7% among 22-year-olds. Multivariate-adjusted HIV infection prevalence was higher among blacks (odds ratio [OR], 6.3; 95% confidence interval [CI], 4.1-9.8), young men of mixed or other race (OR, 4.8; 95% CI, 3. 0-7.6), and Hispanics (OR, 2.3; 95% CI, 1.5-3.4), compared with whites (referent) and Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders (OR, 1. 1; 95% CI, 0.5-2.8). Factors most strongly associated with HIV infection were being black, mixed, or other race; having ever had anal sex with a man (OR, 5.0; 95% CI, 1.8-13.8); or having had sex with 20 or more men (OR, 3.0; 95% CI, 2.0-4.7). Only 46 (18%) of the 249 HIV-positive men knew they were infected before this testing; 37 (15%) were receiving medical care for HIV, and 19 (8%) were receiving medical drug therapy for HIV. Prevalence of unprotected anal sex during the past 6 months was high (overall, 41%; range, 33%-49%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Among these young MSM, HIV prevalence was high, underscoring the need to evaluate and intensify prevention efforts for young MSM, particularly blacks, men of mixed race or ethnicity, Hispanics, and adolescents. JAMA. 2000;284:198-204
authors.affiliation: Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention/NCHSTP, Mailstop E-46, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA. lav0@cdc.gov
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Valleroy
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: MacKellar
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Karon
authors.forename: D H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Rosen
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: McFarland
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Shehan
authors.forename: S R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Stoyanoff
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: LaLota
authors.forename: D D
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Celentano
authors.forename: B A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Koblin
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Thiede
authors.forename: M H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Katz
authors.forename: L V
authors.initials: LV
authors.lastname: Torian
authors.forename: R S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Janssen
mesh_terms: D015492:AIDS Serodiagnosis; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000208:ethnology; D018451:Homosexuality, Male; D006801:Humans; D016013:Likelihood Functions; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D011159:Population Surveillance; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D012309:Risk-Taking; D012725:Sexual Behavior; D012749:Sexually Transmitted Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D014505:Urban Population