title: Phosphate feeding improves high-cell-concentration NS0 myeloma culture performance for monoclonal antibody production.
abstract: Phosphorus depletion was identified in high-cell-concentration fed-batch NS0 myeloma cell cultures producing a humanized monoclonal antibody (MAb). In these cultures, the maximum viable and total cell concentration was generally ca. 5 x 10(9) and 7 x 10(9) cells/L, respectively, without phosphate feeding. Depletion of essential amino acids, such as lysine, was initially thought to cause the onset of cell death. However, further improvement of cell growth was not achieved by feeding a stoichiometrically balanced amino acid solution, which eliminated depletion of amino acids. Even though a higher cell viability was maintained for a longer period, no increase in total cell concentration was observed. Afterwards, phosphorus was found to be depleted in these cultures. By also feeding a phosphate solution to eliminate phosphorus depletion, the cell growth phase was prolonged significantly, resulting in a total cell concentration of ca. 17 x 10(9) cells/L, which is much greater than ca. 7 x 10(9) cells/L without phosphate feeding. The maximum viable cell concentration reached about 10 x 10(9) cells/L, twice as high as that without phosphate feeding. Apoptosis was also delayed and suppressed with phosphate feeding. A nonapoptotic viable cell population of 6.5 x 10(9) cells/L, as compared with 3 x 10(9) cells/L without phosphate feeding, was obtained and successfully maintained for about 70 h. These results are consistent with the knowledge that phosphorus is an essential part of many cell components, including phospholipids, DNA, and RNA. As a result of phosphate feeding, a much higher integral of viable cell concentration over time was achieved, resulting in a correspondingly higher MAb titer of ca. 1.3 g/L. It was also noted that phosphate feeding delayed the cell metabolism shift from lactate production to lactate consumption typically observed in recombinant NS0 cultures. The results highlight the importance of phosphate feeding in high-cell-concentration NS0 cultures.
authors.affiliation: Fermentation and Cell Culture, Bioprocess R&D, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, Pennsylvania, USA.
authors.forename: V M
authors.initials: VM
authors.lastname: deZengotita
authors.forename: W M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: J G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Aunins
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhou
mesh_terms: D000596:Amino Acids / Q000494:pharmacology; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D017209:Apoptosis; D001709:Biotechnology / Q000379:methods*; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D009101:Multiple Myeloma; D010710:Phosphates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000596:Amino Acids; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D010710:Phosphates; D019344:Lactic Acid