title: Paraspinal electromyography in high lumbar and thoracic lesions.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To use needle electromyography in the paraspinal muscles to localize the root level of a radiculopathy.
  
  
  METHODS
  We collected nine cases of clinically proven, isolated high lumbar or thoracic disk herniations of patients who underwent MiniPM. Four were from a prospective study of 114 persons with low back pain (MiniPM had 100% sensitivity to magnetic resonance imaging-documented high disks).
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the most medial "S" column, mean MiniPM scores were 0.7 for the level above the radiologically documented lesion; 3.1 at the lesion; and 1.6, 1.6, and 1.1 at the three spinous processes below the lesion. Similar numbers were obtained in the "M" column (slightly lateral), with no significant differences between S and M. Differences were significant between and at the level of the lesion for S (P < 0.06) and M (P < 0.01), and between the lesion level and three levels below for the M column (P < 0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings suggest that paraspinal electromyography has a higher than previously reported sensitivity for high lumbar lesions. Electromyography using MiniPM can localize some radiculopathies. The individual cases suggest that, consistent with the anatomy of the caudi equina, thoracic lesions and lateral lumbar lesions denervate only at one level, but more central lumbar lesions also denervate distally innervated paraspinal muscles.
authors.affiliation: Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA.
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Haig
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yamakawa
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Hudson
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D004576:Electromyography / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007405:Intervertebral Disc Displacement / Q000150:complications; D017116:Low Back Pain / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000294:innervation*; D011843:Radiculopathy / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013126:Spinal Nerve Roots / Q000503:physiopathology*