title: Biocompatibility of alloys used in orthodontics evaluated by cell culture tests.
abstract: The cytotoxicity of the most common alloys used in orthodontic appliances was determined by cell culture testing. Human gingival fibroblasts were cultured on 304 and 316 stainless steel, on brazing alloy composed of palladium (Pd), copper (Cu), and silver (Ag), and on plastic substrate (control). Studies were carried out with SEM and radiolabeled precursor incorporation. Cells were cultured in MEM without serum but with the addition of (3)H-thymidine to evaluate cell proliferation and (3)H-glucosamine to evaluate glycosaminoglycan (GAG) synthesis and secretion in the culture medium. Moreover, gingival fibroblasts were cultured in the presence of some metal ions generally released by orthodontic appliances to evaluate the cytotoxic effects of single ions. Morphologic observations with SEM and radiolabeled incorporation studies showed that 304 and 316 stainless steel were more biocompatible than the brazing alloy. Among the metal ions tested, Ag and Pd, constituents of the brazing alloy, showed the highest cytotoxicity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Medicine and Biochemical Sciences, University of Perugia, Via del Giochetto, 06100 Perugia, Italy. Ististem@unipg.it
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Locci
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Marinucci
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lilli
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Belcastro
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Staffolani
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bellocchio
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Damiani
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Becchetti
mesh_terms: D000497:Alloys / Q000633:toxicity; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004247:DNA / Q000096:biosynthesis; D003764:Dental Materials / Q000633:toxicity; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D005881:Gingiva / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D006025:Glycosaminoglycans / Q000096:biosynthesis; D006801:Humans; D008422:Materials Testing; D008670:Metals / Q000633:toxicity; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D009967:Orthodontic Appliances / Q000009:adverse effects
chemical_list: D000497:Alloys; D003764:Dental Materials; D006025:Glycosaminoglycans; D008670:Metals; D004247:DNA