title: Valproate, hyperandrogenism, and polycystic ovaries: a report of 3 cases.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Reproductive endocrine disorders characterized by menstrual disorders, polycystic ovaries, and hyperandrogenism seem to be common among women treated with sodium valproate for epilepsy.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To describe the development of valproate-related reproductive endocrine disorders in women with epilepsy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Case report.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three patients developed a reproductive endocrine disorder during treatment with valproate. It was characterized by hyperandrogenism and polycystic ovaries in all cases, and it was associated with weight gain and menstrual disorders in 2 of the 3 women.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Replacing valproate with lamotrigine resulted in a decrease in serum testosterone concentrations in all 3 women. The polycystic changes disappeared from the ovaries in 2 of the women after valproate therapy was discontinued, and the 2 women who had gained weight and developed amenorrhea while being treated with valproate lost weight and resumed menstruating after the change in medication.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The 3 cases presented here illustrate the development of reproductive endocrine disorders after the initiation of valproate therapy in women with epilepsy. The disorders were characterized by hyperandrogenism and polycystic ovaries in all cases, and were associated with weight gain and menstrual disorders in 2 of the 3 women. An evaluation of ovarian structure and function should be considered in women of reproductive age being treated with valproate for epilepsy, especially if they develop menstrual cycle disturbances during treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, University of Oulu, FIN-90220 Oulu, Finland. jouko.isojarvi@oulu.fi.
authors.forename: J I
authors.initials: JI
authors.lastname: Isojarvi
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Tapanainen
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000927:Anticonvulsants / Q000009:adverse effects*; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D004569:Electroencephalography; D004827:Epilepsy / Q000188:drug therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D017588:Hyperandrogenism / Q000097:blood / Q000139:chemically induced*; D000077213:Lamotrigine; D008599:Menstruation Disturbances / Q000097:blood / Q000139:chemically induced; D010053:Ovary / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D011085:Polycystic Ovary Syndrome / Q000097:blood / Q000139:chemically induced*; D013739:Testosterone / Q000097:blood; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014227:Triazines / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014463:Ultrasonography; D014635:Valproic Acid / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D000927:Anticonvulsants; D014227:Triazines; D013739:Testosterone; D014635:Valproic Acid; D000077213:Lamotrigine