title: The importance of acclimation in acoustic startle amplitude and pre-pulse inhibition testing of male and female rats.
abstract: The acoustic startle reflex (ASR) and pre-pulse inhibition (PPI) of the ASR are used extensively to index drug effects in rodents. Important methodological issues exist, however, with regard to the specific procedures and equipment used. In particular, the effects of acclimation to the startle procedure on response stability and the effects of testing animals in groups vs. individually have not been examined but are relevant to data interpretation. The present experiment measured acoustic startle responses with and without a pre-pulse of 25 adult Sprague-Dawley rats (12 male, 13 female) tested individually and in same-sex groups at four time points. Individual testing increased startle responses and PPI of males at time 1 and altered PPI of females at times 1, 2, and 3 compared with group testing. Responses were indistinguishable in the two testing environments at time 4. Results indicate that testing environment may affect responses when subjects have not been acclimated to the testing situation and that there are sex differences in these effects. Because responses stabilized by the fourth testing point, repeated testing of subjects particularly females, may be an important methodological inclusion when evaluating effects of drugs and other manipulations on ASR and PPI.
authors.affiliation: Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA.
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Faraday
authors.forename: N E
authors.initials: NE
authors.lastname: Grunberg
mesh_terms: D000161:Acoustic Stimulation; D000222:Adaptation, Physiological; D000818:Animals; D004777:Environment; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013216:Reflex, Startle / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D012727:Sex Characteristics