title: Visualization of the calcitonin receptor-like receptor and its receptor activity-modifying proteins during internalization and recycling.
abstract: Expression of the calcitonin receptor-like receptor (CRLR) and its receptor activity modifying proteins (RAMPs) can produce calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) receptors (CRLR/RAMP1) and adrenomedullin (AM) receptors (CRLR/RAMP2 or -3). A chimera of the CRLR and green fluorescent protein (CRLR-GFP) was used to study receptor localization and trafficking in stably transduced HEK 293 cells, with or without co-transfection of RAMPs. CRLR-GFP failed to generate responses to CGRP or AM without RAMPs. Furthermore, CRLR-GFP was not found in the plasma membrane and its localization was unchanged after agonist exposure. When stably coexpressed with RAMPs, CRLR-GFP appeared on the cell surface and was fully active in intracellular cAMP production and calcium mobilization. Agonist-mediated internalization of CRLR-GFP was observed in RAMP1/CGRP or AM, RAMP2/AM, and RAMP3/AM, which occurred with similar kinetics, indicating the existence of ligand-specific regulation of CRLR internalization by RAMPs. This internalization was strongly inhibited by hypertonic medium (0.45 m sucrose) and paralleled localization of rhodamine-labeled transferrin, suggesting that CRLR endocytosis occurred predominantly through a clathrin-dependent pathway. A significant proportion of CRLR was targeted to lysosomes upon binding of the ligands, and recycling of the internalized CRLR was not efficient. In HEK 293 cells stably expressing CRLR-GFP and Myc-RAMPs, these rhodamine-labeled RAMPs were co-localized with CRLR-GFP in the presence and absence of the ligands. Thus, the CRLR is endocytosed together with RAMPs via clathrin-coated vesicles, and both the internalized molecules are targeted to the degradative pathway.
authors.affiliation: First Department of Internal Medicine, Miyazaki Medical College, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kuwasako
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shimekake
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Masuda
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nakahara
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yoshida
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kitaura
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kitamura
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Eto
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sakata
mesh_terms: D058286:Calcitonin Receptor-Like Protein; D002460:Cell Line; D019084:Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect; D006801:Humans; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D008024:Ligands; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D058262:Receptor Activity-Modifying Protein 1; D058263:Receptor Activity-Modifying Protein 2; D058264:Receptor Activity-Modifying Protein 3; D058261:Receptor Activity-Modifying Proteins; D018003:Receptors, Calcitonin / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction
chemical_list: C545578:CALCRL protein, human; D058286:Calcitonin Receptor-Like Protein; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D008024:Ligands; D008565:Membrane Proteins; C545502:RAMP1 protein, human; C545503:RAMP2 protein, human; C545504:RAMP3 protein, human; D058262:Receptor Activity-Modifying Protein 1; D058263:Receptor Activity-Modifying Protein 2; D058264:Receptor Activity-Modifying Protein 3; D058261:Receptor Activity-Modifying Proteins; D018003:Receptors, Calcitonin