title: Chronic schistosomiasis: dendritic cells generated from patients can overcome antigen-specific T cell hyporesponsiveness.
abstract: Chronic infection with helminths is associated with down-regulated antigen-specific T cell responses. In order to determine whether schistosome-specific T cells are present, yet functionally unresponsive, or absent in the periphery of chronically infected persons, autologous granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and dendritic cells (DC) derived from interleukin (IL)-4 were used as highly efficient antigen-presenting cells (APC). Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from persons harboring Schistosoma haematobium infection and hyporesponsive to parasite antigen were cocultured with autologous DC in the presence of adult worm antigen (AWA). In contrast to PBMC alone, DC-supplemented cultures responded to AWA by proliferation and by IL-4 and IL-5 production and, in some patients, by production of interferon-gamma. Thus, schistosome-specific T helper cells are present in the periphery but are functionally hyporesponsive during active infection with schistosomes. Cytokine responses representing the Th1 and (more importantly) Th2 types can be restored in vitro when DC are used as APC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands. A.H.J.van_den_Biggelar@LUMC.NL
authors.forename: A H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: van Den Biggelaar
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Grogan
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Filié
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Jordens
authors.forename: P G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Kremsner
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Koning
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yazdanbakhsh
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000938:Antigen-Presenting Cells / Q000276:immunology; D002455:Cell Division / Q000276:immunology; D002908:Chronic Disease; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000276:immunology*; D005260:Female; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D007167:Immunotherapy; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000494:pharmacology; D008222:Lymphokines; D008297:Male; D009000:Monocytes / Q000276:immunology; D012552:Schistosomiasis / Q000276:immunology* / Q000628:therapy; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D018417:Th1 Cells / Q000276:immunology; D018418:Th2 Cells / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D008222:Lymphokines; C057264:antigen-specific helper factors; D015847:Interleukin-4; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor