title: Identification of the increased expression of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, cathepsin S, UPIX-1, and other genes in dystrophin-deficient mouse muscles by suppression subtractive hybridization.
abstract: The lack of dystrophin results in muscular dystrophy characterized by degeneration, inflammation, and partial regeneration of skeletal muscles. The fate of these muscles may be determined by the extent of adaptation to the defect and the efficiency of regeneration that is affected by inflammatory cells. We have used suppression subtractive hybridization and quantitative Northern blot analysis to identify differentially expressed genes. Increased expression of murine monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (JE/MCP-1), cathepsin S, UPIX-1, nmb, cathepsin B, and lysozyme M mRNAs were identified in 2-month-old mdx mouse leg muscles. UPIX-1 is a novel gene. Although it was not expressed in control muscles, it was expressed in control brain, heart, and spleen. JE/MCP-1 and cathepsin S proteins in mdx muscles, as well as JE/MCP-1 protein in the serum of mdx mice were also detected. JE/MCP-1 may be responsible for attraction of inflammatory cells, and cathepsin S, a potent elastolytic protease, may contribute to the remodeling of the extracellular matrix that is required for the migration of these cells to the injured muscles.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, College of Medicine and Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fang
authors.forename: G P
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.forename: P L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Vaghy
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D002403:Cathepsins / Q000235:genetics*; D018932:Chemokine CCL2 / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics*; D016189:Dystrophin / Q000235:genetics*; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009124:Muscle Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics*; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000378:metabolism*; D009693:Nucleic Acid Hybridization; D012689:Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid; D013382:Subtraction Technique
chemical_list: D018932:Chemokine CCL2; D016189:Dystrophin; D009124:Muscle Proteins; C413690:UPIX-1 protein, mouse; D002403:Cathepsins; C028217:cathepsin S