title: Local effects of mifepristone on the nonhuman primate endometrium.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the effects of a low-dose mifepristone regimen on endometrium in the rhesus monkey by endometrial staging and analysis of molecular markers of endometrial receptivity.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective, randomized comparative study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Academic research environment.
  
  
  METHODS
  Normally cycling rhesus (Macaca mulatta) monkeys.
  
  
  METHODS
  Monkeys (5 per control or treatment group) received 0.03 mg of mifepristone in vehicle (sesame oil) per kilogram of body weight or vehicle daily from day 2 of the menstrual cycle to 7 days after the midcycle E2 surge.
  
  
  METHODS
  Serum estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P) levels; endometrial staging and immunoreactivity of leukemia inhibitory factor and interleukin-6 performed on fixed endometrial tissues; and relative abundance of endometrial estrogen and P receptor mRNA evaluated with semiquantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction in which cyclophilin mRNA, a housekeeping gene product, was coamplified as the reference standard.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mifepristone at 0.03 mg/kg/d induced a delay in the endometrial cycle with a shift from the late to midsecretory phase. This treatment regimen did not suppress the midcycle gonadotropin surge or, presumably, ovulation because P levels were normal during the midluteal phase. The staining intensity of leukemia inhibitory factor and interleukin-6 was dependent upon the endometrial stage and was decreased in treated monkeys. E and P receptor mRNAs increased significantly with mifepristone treatment compared with controls, another indication of delayed uterine staging.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Mifepristone at 0.03 mg/kg/d had no antiovulatory effect but delayed development of the endometrium from the late to midsecretory phase. This study provides further evidence that endometrial maturation can be altered without affecting ovarian cyclicity.
authors.affiliation: The Jones Institute for Reproductive Medicine, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, USA.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Jimenez-Moreno
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Billeter
authors.forename: C Q
authors.initials: CQ
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Gordon
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mahony
mesh_terms: D000021:Abortifacient Agents, Steroidal / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D004717:Endometrium / Q000187:drug effects*; D004958:Estradiol / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008253:Macaca mulatta; D015735:Mifepristone / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019696:Peptidylprolyl Isomerase / Q000235:genetics; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011374:Progesterone / Q000097:blood; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D011980:Receptors, Progesterone / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012015:Reference Standards
chemical_list: D000021:Abortifacient Agents, Steroidal; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen; D011980:Receptors, Progesterone; D015735:Mifepristone; D011374:Progesterone; D004958:Estradiol; D019696:Peptidylprolyl Isomerase