title: Refractory ceramic fiber: toxicology, epidemiology, and risk analyses--a review.
abstract: Refractory ceramic fiber (RCF) is an energy-efficient, high-temperature insulation, used principally in industrial furnaces, heaters, and reactors. Prior to the 1980s, there were few publications dealing with the potential health effects of this material. However, with the advent of higher energy costs and the need for thermally efficient high-temperature insulating materials, production of RCF grew rapidly, as did interest in its potential health effects. This article provides a comprehensive and integrated review of the toxicology (in vitro and in vivo), epidemiology, and risk analysis literature of RCF. Based on the available literature, we conclude that an occupational exposure of 0.5 fibers per cubic centimeter (cm(3)) [8-h time-weighted average (8-h TWA)] results in an occupational health risk no greater than 9.1 x 10(-5).
authors.affiliation: Everest Consulting Associates, Inc., 15 North Main Street, Cranbury, NJ 08512, USA.
authors.forename: R W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Mast
authors.forename: L D
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Maxim
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Utell
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Walker
mesh_terms: D000280:Administration, Inhalation; D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000633:toxicity; D000395:Air Pollutants, Occupational / Q000633:toxicity; D000818:Animals; D002516:Ceramics / Q000145:classification / Q000633:toxicity*; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D019570:Inhalation Exposure; D007616:Kaolin / Q000145:classification / Q000633:toxicity*; D008168:Lung / Q000187:drug effects*; D019016:Mineral Fibers / Q000145:classification / Q000633:toxicity*; D011009:Pneumoconiosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D018570:Risk Assessment; D018675:Toxicity Tests; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D000395:Air Pollutants, Occupational; D019016:Mineral Fibers; C103119:RCF-1 fiber; D007616:Kaolin