title: Evaluation of skin sensitization potential of jet fuels by murine local lymph node assay.
abstract: Jet A and JP-8 are the major jet fuels used in civilian and military (US Air Force) flights, respectively. JP-8+100 is a new jet fuel recently introduced by the US Air Force. Besides lung exposure, skin is the potential route of exposure to jet fuels. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the skin sensitization potential of jet fuels (Jet A, JP-8 and JP-8+100) using murine Local lymph node assay (LLNA). Female CBA/Ca mice (8-12-weeks-old) were used in the study. Dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB, 0.25% w/v) and paraaminobenzoic acid (PABA, 2.5% w/v) were used as positive and negative control, respectively and acetone: olive oil (4:1, AOO) was used as the vehicle (control). All three jet fuels caused a proliferative activity significantly greater than the control (P<0.01). Our results demonstrate that JP-8 is a weak skin sensitizer [stimulation index (SI)=3.17]. The SI of Jet A and JP-8+100 were 2.44 and 2.38, respectively, hence are not considered as skin sensitizers. Interestingly, the SI of JP-8 with butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) was consistently lower than JP-8, though the difference was not statistically significant (P>0.05). BHT, which is an antioxidant additive of JP-8+100, reduced the skin sensitization potential of JP-8. Furthermore, the lower SI of JP-8+100 could be partially attributed to the presence of BHT. The findings reported here suggest that care should be taken to minimize dermal exposure to jet fuels especially JP-8 to avoid skin sensitization.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Florida A & M University, Tallahassee 32307, USA.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kanikkannan
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Jackson
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sudhan Shaik
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Singh
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002083:Butylated Hydroxyanisole / Q000633:toxicity; D005260:Female; D006838:Hydrocarbons / Q000633:toxicity*; D007648:Kerosene / Q000633:toxicity*; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000187:drug effects*; D051379:Mice; D008808:Mice, Inbred CBA; D012867:Skin / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D006838:Hydrocarbons; C098607:JP8 aviation fuel; D007648:Kerosene; D002083:Butylated Hydroxyanisole