title: Tracing a syphilis outbreak through cyberspace.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A recent outbreak of syphilis among users of an Internet chat room challenged traditional methods of partner notification and community education because locating information on sexual partners was limited to screen names and privacy concerns precluded identifying sexual partners through the Internet service provider.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine the association of Internet use and acquisition of syphilis and to describe innovative methods of partner notification in cyberspace.
  
  
  METHODS
  Outbreak investigation conducted at the San Francisco (Calif) Department of Public Health (SFDPH) in June-August 1999 of 7 cases of early syphilis among gay men linked to an online chat room; case-control study of 6 gay men with syphilis reported to SFDPH in July-August 1999 (cases) and 32 gay men without syphilis who presented to a city clinic in April-July 1999 (controls).
  
  
  METHODS
  Association of syphilis infection with Internet use, Internet use among cases vs controls, and partner notification methods and partner evaluation indexes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During the outbreak, cases were significantly more likely than controls to have met their sexual partners through use of the Internet (67% vs 19%; odds ratio, 8.7; P =.03). We notified and confirmed testing for 42% of named partners; the mean number of sexual partners medically evaluated per index case was 5.9.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this study, meeting sexual partners through the Internet was associated with acquisition of syphilis among gay men. Public health efforts must continually adapt disease control procedures to new venues, carefully weighing the rights to privacy vs the need to protect public health. JAMA. 2000;284:447-449
authors.affiliation: STD Services, 1360 Mission St, Suite 401, San Francisco, CA 94103, USA. jeff_klausner@dph.sf.ca.us
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Klausner
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wolf
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Fischer-Ponce
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Zolt
authors.forename: M H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Katz
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002140:California / Q000453:epidemiology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D016358:Contact Tracing / Q000379:methods*; D004196:Disease Outbreaks; D018451:Homosexuality, Male; D006801:Humans; D020407:Internet; D008297:Male; D018907:Privacy; D012725:Sexual Behavior; D012747:Sexual Partners; D013587:Syphilis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000635:transmission*