title: A natural basis for efficient brain-actuated control.
abstract: The prospect of noninvasive brain-actuated control of computerized screen displays or locomotive devices is of interest to many and of crucial importance to a few 'locked-in' subjects who experience near total motor paralysis while retaining sensory and mental faculties. Currently several groups are attempting to achieve brain-actuated control of screen displays using operant conditioning of particular features of the spontaneous scalp electroencephalogram (EEG) including central mu-rhythms (9-12 Hz). A new EEG decomposition technique, independent component analysis (ICA), appears to be a foundation for new research in the design of systems for detection and operant control of endogenous EEG rhythms to achieve flexible EEG-based communication. ICA separates multichannel EEG data into spatially static and temporally independent components including separate components accounting for posterior alpha rhythms and central mu activities. We demonstrate using data from a visual selective attention task that ICA-derived mu-components can show much stronger spectral reactivity to motor events than activity measures for single scalp channels. ICA decompositions of spontaneous EEG would thus appear to form a natural basis for operant conditioning to achieve efficient and multidimensional brain-actuated control in motor-limited and locked-in subjects.
authors.affiliation: Naval Health Research Center, San Diego, CA 92186, USA. scott@salk.edu
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Makeig
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Enghoff
authors.forename: T P
authors.initials: TP
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.forename: T J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Sejnowski
mesh_terms: D001676:Biofeedback, Psychology / Q000502:physiology; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003143:Communication Devices for People with Disabilities; D003216:Conditioning, Operant / Q000502:physiology; D004569:Electroencephalography / Q000295:instrumentation*; D005071:Evoked Potentials / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D011782:Quadriplegia / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D012815:Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000295:instrumentation; D014584:User-Computer Interface