title: A critical assessment of endpoints of shock resuscitation.
abstract: Modern hemodynamic therapy is not only the recognition and treatment of hypotension but also the avoidance and treatment of shock in its broadest sense. The major issues include the recognition of hypoperfusion of the body as a whole or its individual tissues and organ systems and the determination of the best endpoints for the treatment of shock. Even if all of the commonly used clinical indicators of shock are "normal," shock on a cellular, tissue, or organ basis may still be present. Whether "organ-specific" assessments, such as gastric tonometry or tissue oxygen tension measurement, are the ultimate answer to this problem remains to be seen. The determination of adequate intravascular volume (preload) continues to present major difficulties in the care of critically ill or injured patients. Although PCWP is frequently helpful, it is not a gold standard. A bedside ultrasonic technique, such as esophageal Doppler sonography, may replace the Swan-Ganz catheter technique in many patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, USA.
authors.forename: G P
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Dabrowski
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Steinberg
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Ferrara
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Flint
mesh_terms: D001810:Blood Volume / Q000502:physiology; D002407:Catheterization, Swan-Ganz; D003422:Critical Care; D016638:Critical Illness; D005753:Gastric Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007022:Hypotension / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D010101:Oxygen Consumption / Q000502:physiology; D011669:Pulmonary Wedge Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D012039:Regional Blood Flow / Q000502:physiology; D012151:Resuscitation; D012769:Shock / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D013270:Stomach / Q000098:blood supply; D013318:Stroke Volume / Q000502:physiology; D018608:Ultrasonography, Doppler; D014947:Wounds and Injuries / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy