title: Results of combined resection of adjacent organs in lung cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Indications for surgical treatment in advanced lung cancer still remain to be established.
  
  
  METHODS
  The outcomes of combined resection of adjacent organs in lung cancer were assessed in terms of complications and the invasiveness of surgery, using intraoperative blood loss and operation time as indices.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In 68 patients undergoing combined resection between 1980 and 1997, the 5-year-survival rates and the incidence of complications and hospital deaths were 24.5%, 52.9%,and 10.3%, respectively. The mean blood loss and operation time were 1,200 ml and 396 minutes. The rares of complications and hospital deaths were significantly higher in the group with 1,000 ml or more blood loss, and in the group with 360 minutes or longer operation time.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In terms of the survival rate, invasiveness of surgery, and complications, the pleura and pericardium were the best indications for combined surgery. For the thoracic wall, blood loss was greater and the rates of complications and hospital deaths tended to be higher among T3 cases. Both blood loss and operation time tended to be greater in T4 cases. Indications for surgery need to be carefully determined with respect to curability.
authors.affiliation: The Second Department of Surgery, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan. shozo@belle.shiga-med.ac.jp
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fujino
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Inoue
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Tezuka
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kontani
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sawai
authors.lastname: Hanaoka
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016063:Blood Loss, Surgical; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000401:mortality* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D010496:Pericardium / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D010994:Pleura / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D011379:Prognosis; D016019:Survival Analysis; D013909:Thorax / Q000473:pathology; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome