title: Regional frontal abnormalities in schizophrenia: a quantitative gray matter volume and cortical surface size study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Previous structural studies of the frontal lobe in schizophrenia have had somewhat inconsistent results, but most of them have measured the frontal lobe as a single brain structure. To investigate more specific abnormalities in frontal subregions, we measured gray matter volume and cortical surface size in 10 subregions in drug-naive patients during the early stages of the illness.
  
  
  METHODS
  Magnetic resonance imaging was used to measure frontal subregions in 34 healthy male volunteers, and 26 male, drug-naive schizophrenia patients at early stages of the illness. Frontal subregions were manually traced using our locally developed parcellation method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients with schizophrenia had a significant deficit in cortical surface size in the right straight gyrus and left orbitofrontal cortex. No differences were found in gray matter volumes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Frontal structural abnormalities found in drug-naive schizophrenic patients appear to be subtle and circumscribed to ventral portions. Anomalies in the cortical surface size suggest neurodevelopmental abnormalities might occur during the early stages of the gyrogenesis. Further investigations are needed to explore the implications of paralimbic ventral frontal regions (i.e., straight gyrus and orbitofrontal cortex) in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia.
authors.affiliation: Mental Health-Clinical Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Crespo-Facorro
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: N C
authors.initials: NC
authors.lastname: Andreasen
authors.forename: D S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: O'Leary
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Magnotta
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005625:Frontal Lobe / Q000002:abnormalities*; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000175:diagnosis*