title: Differentiation and histological analysis of embryonic stem cell-derived neural transplants in mice.
abstract: We report here that neural transplantation of in vitro-differentiated embryonic stem (ES) cells provides a versatile strategy for gene transfer into the central nervous system. ES cells were subjected to an optimized in vitro differentiation protocol to obtain embryoid bodies. These aggregates were stereotaxically transplanted into the brain of recipient adult mice, where they followed a strictly controlled differentiation pattern and eventually formed mature neural grafts. A marker gene, introduced into the ROSA26 locus allowed for precise determination of the fate of the descendants of the transplanted embryoid bodies and revealed that not only neurons but also astrocytes, oligodendrocytes and even microglial cells were graft-derived. Evaluation of long-term experiments showed viable grafts with a stable transgene expression and proved that this approach provides a tool for reliable gene expression within a spatially delimited area of neural tissue.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Benninger
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Marino
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hardegger
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Weissmann
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Aguzzi
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Brandner
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001253:Astrocytes / Q000473:pathology; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D002455:Cell Division; D002465:Cell Movement; D003470:Culture Media / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D016332:Fetal Tissue Transplantation; D015870:Gene Expression; D005819:Genetic Markers; D006084:Graft Rejection / Q000209:etiology; D006085:Graft Survival; D018380:Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D017628:Microglia / Q000473:pathology; D009414:Nerve Growth Factors / Q000494:pharmacology; D009836:Oligodendroglia / Q000473:pathology; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology*; D013238:Stereotaxic Techniques; D019076:Transgenes / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D003470:Culture Media; D005819:Genetic Markers; D009414:Nerve Growth Factors