title: Use of birth control pills, condoms, and withdrawal among U.S. high school students.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the use of contraception at last sexual intercourse among currently sexually active adolescents.
  
  
  METHODS
  We analyzed data from national school-based Youth Risk Behavior Surveys (YRBS) conducted in 1991, 1993, 1995, and 1997. The YRBS is a self-administered, anonymous survey which uses a national probability sample of U.S. students in public and private schools from grades 9 through 12.
  
  
  RESULTS
  From 1991 to 1997, condom use significantly increased (from 46% to 57%), birth control pill use decreased (from 21% to 17%), and use of withdrawal significantly decreased (from 18% to 13%). In 1997, although more students were using condoms, 13% reported using withdrawal and 15% reported using no method to prevent pregnancy at last sexual intercourse. In 1997, condom use among females was significantly lower in the 9th grade than in the 12th grade (p <.001), whereas birth control pill use was higher (p <.001) and use of withdrawal remained stable. Among males, condom use and withdrawal use remained stable from 9th to 12th grade, whereas birth control pill use by their partner increased (p <.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Inadequate contraceptive use among sexually active adolescents continues to be a major public health problem in the United States. For young people who will not remain sexually abstinent, families, health care providers, schools, and other influential societal institutions should promote the correct and continued use of condoms as essential protection against sexually transmitted diseases and human immunodeficiency virus infection.
authors.affiliation: Division of Adolescent and School Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion (NCCDPHP), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, Georgia 30341-3724, USA.
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Everett
authors.forename: C W
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Warren
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Santelli
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kann
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Collins
authors.forename: L J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Kolbe
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000294:Adolescent Behavior; D003076:Coitus Interruptus; D017280:Condoms; D003276:Contraceptives, Oral; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011247:Pregnancy; D011253:Pregnancy in Adolescence / Q000517:prevention & control; D012725:Sexual Behavior; D012749:Sexually Transmitted Diseases / Q000517:prevention & control
chemical_list: D003276:Contraceptives, Oral