title: Brain localization and behavioral impact of the G-protein-gated K+ channel subunit GIRK4.
abstract: Neuronal G-protein-gated potassium (K(G)) channels are activated by several neurotransmitters and constitute an important mode of synaptic inhibition in the mammalian nervous system. K(G) channels are composed of combinations of four subunits termed G protein-gated inwardly rectifying K(+) channels (GIRK). All four GIRK subunits are expressed in the brain, and there is a general consensus concerning the expression patterns of GIRK1, GIRK2, and GIRK3. The localization pattern of GIRK4, however, remains controversial. In this study, we exploit the negative background of mice lacking a functional GIRK4 gene to identify neuronal populations that contain GIRK4 mRNA. GIRK4 mRNA was detected in only a few regions of the mouse brain, including the deep cortical pyramidal neurons, the endopiriform nucleus and claustrum of the insular cortex, the globus pallidus, the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus, parafascicular and paraventricular thalamic nuclei, and a few brainstem nuclei (e.g., the inferior olive and vestibular nuclei). Mice lacking GIRK4 were viable and appeared normal and did not display gross deficiencies in locomotor activity, visual tasks, and pain perception. Furthermore, GIRK4-deficient mice performed similarly to wild-type controls in the passive avoidance paradigm, a test of aversive learning. GIRK4 knock-out mice did, however, exhibit impaired performance in the Morris water maze, a test of spatial learning and memory.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota Minneapolis, MN, USA.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wickman
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Karschin
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Karschin
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Picciotto
authors.forename: D E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Clapham
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001362:Avoidance Learning / Q000502:physiology; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000502:physiology*; D001923:Brain Chemistry / Q000502:physiology*; D002642:Chick Embryo; D005260:Female; D051676:G Protein-Coupled Inwardly-Rectifying Potassium Channels; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000502:physiology; D017403:In Situ Hybridization; D015640:Ion Channel Gating / Q000502:physiology; D008124:Locomotion / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D018782:Maze Learning / Q000502:physiology*; D008568:Memory / Q000502:physiology; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D015221:Potassium Channels / Q000032:analysis* / Q000235:genetics*; D024661:Potassium Channels, Inwardly Rectifying; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D051676:G Protein-Coupled Inwardly-Rectifying Potassium Channels; C497072:Kcnj9 protein, mouse; D015221:Potassium Channels; D024661:Potassium Channels, Inwardly Rectifying; D012333:RNA, Messenger