title: Cyclin D1 expression and early breast cancer recurrence following lumpectomy and radiation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to determine the prognostic significance of cyclin D1 (cycD1) levels in ipsilateral breast tumor recurrence (IBTR) following lumpectomy and radiation therapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 98 patients (49 patients with IBTR and 49 matched cases without IBTR) selected from our conservatively treated breast cancer population served as the patient population for the current study. All patients were treated with lumpectomy followed by radiation therapy to the intact breast to a total median dose of 64 Gy. The patients were followed in our clinic with a median follow-up of 13 years. Immunohistochemical analysis of cycD1 in these 98 early-stage breast cancer patients was performed using a polyclonal antibody generated against the human cycD1 protein. All clinical, pathologic, and molecular variables were entered into a computerized data base for statistical analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Low levels of immunohistochemically detected cycD1 protein correlated with IBTR (p = 0.001), but there was no association between cycD1 protein levels and metastatic disease, axillary lymph node involvement, distant disease-free survival (DDFS), and overall survival (OS). Subgroup analysis revealed that for early breast tumor relapses (within 4 years of initial breast tumor diagnosis), low levels of cycD1 were associated with IBTR (p = 0.004), but cycD1 expression was not prognostic for IBTR from breast cancer patients with late relapses (p = NS).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These studies provide in vivo evidence for the prognostic and biologic significance of cycD1 expression in determining response to radiation therapy in breast cancer patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology and the Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
authors.forename: B C
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Turner
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Gumbs
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Carter
authors.forename: P M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Glazer
authors.forename: B G
authors.initials: BG
authors.lastname: Haffty
mesh_terms: D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000601:surgery; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000378:metabolism; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D019938:Cyclin D1 / Q000378:metabolism*; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D015412:Mastectomy, Segmental; D008875:Middle Aged; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000378:metabolism*; D011379:Prognosis; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen / Q000378:metabolism; D011980:Receptors, Progesterone / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen; D011980:Receptors, Progesterone; D019938:Cyclin D1