title: Role of core temperature as a stimulus for cold acclimation during repeated immersion in 20 degrees C water.
abstract: The relative importance of skin vs. core temperature for stimulating cold acclimation (CA) was examined by 5 wk of daily 1-h water immersions (20 degrees C) in resting (RG) and exercising (EG) subjects. Rectal temperature fell (0.8 degrees C; P < 0.05) during immersion only in RG. Skin temperature fell (P < 0.05) similarly in both groups. Physiological responses during cold-air exposure (90 min, 5 degrees C) were assessed before and after CA. Body temperatures and metabolic heat production were similar in both groups with no change due to CA. Cardiac output was lower (P < 0.05) in both groups post-CA (10.4 +/- 1.2 l/min) than pre-CA (12.2 +/- 1. 0 l/min), but mean arterial pressure was unchanged (pre-CA 107 +/- 2 mmHg, post-CA 101 +/- 2 mmHg). The increase in norepinephrine was greater (P < 0.05) post-CA (954 +/- 358 pg/ml) compared with pre-CA (1,577 +/- 716 pg/ml) for RG, but CA had no effect on the increase in norepinephrine for EG (pre-CA 1,288 +/- 438 pg/ml, post-CA 1,074 +/- 279 pg/ml). Skin temperature reduction alone may be a sufficient stimulus during CA for increased vasoconstrictor response, but core temperature reduction appears necessary to enhance sympathetic activation during cold exposure.
authors.affiliation: Thermal and Mountain Medicine Division, United States Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, Massachusetts 01760-5007, USA. catherine.o'brien@na.amedd.army.mil
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: O'Brien
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Young
authors.forename: D T
authors.initials: DT
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shitzer
authors.forename: M N
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Sawka
authors.forename: K B
authors.initials: KB
authors.lastname: Pandolf
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological / Q000502:physiology*; D000328:Adult; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D001831:Body Temperature / Q000502:physiology*; D002302:Cardiac Output / Q000502:physiology; D003080:Cold Temperature; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009638:Norepinephrine / Q000097:blood; D014655:Vascular Resistance / Q000502:physiology; D014661:Vasoconstriction / Q000502:physiology; D014664:Vasodilation / Q000502:physiology; D014867:Water
chemical_list: D014867:Water; D009638:Norepinephrine