Forkhead-like transcription factors recruit Ndd1 to the chromatin of G2/M-specific promoters.
Many cell-cycle-specific events are supported by stage-specific gene expression. In budding yeast, at least three different nuclear factors seem to cooperate in the periodic activation of G2/M-specific genes. Here we show, by using chromatin immunoprecipitation polymerase chain reaction assays, that a positive regulator, Ndd1, becomes associated with G2/M promoter regions in manner that depends on the stage in cell cycle. Its recruitment depends on a permanent protein-DNA complex consisting of the MADS box protein, Mcm1, and a recently identified partner Fkh2, a forkhead/winged helix related transcription factor. The lethality of Ndd1 depletion is suppressed by fkh2 null mutations, which indicates that Fkh2 may also have a negative regulatory role in the transcription of G2/M-induced RNAs. We conclude that Ndd1-Fkh2 interactions may be the transcriptionally important process targeted by Cdk activity.
Koranda
M
M
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Ludwig Boltzmann Forschungsstelle, University of Vienna, Austria.
Schleiffer
A
A
Endler
L
L
Ammerer
G
G
D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D002843:Chromatin / Q000378:metabolism*; D019926:Cyclin B / Q000235:genetics; D004271:DNA, Fungal / Q000378:metabolism; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D051858:Forkhead Transcription Factors; D016195:G2 Phase / Q000235:genetics*; D026341:Minichromosome Maintenance 1 Protein; D008938:Mitosis / Q000235:genetics*; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011233:Precipitin Tests; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000235:genetics*; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
C093749:CLB2 protein, S cerevisiae; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D002843:Chromatin; D019926:Cyclin B; D004271:DNA, Fungal; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D051858:Forkhead Transcription Factors; D026341:Minichromosome Maintenance 1 Protein; C118820:NDD1 protein, S cerevisiae; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors