title: Transient Ca2+-activated Cl-currents with endothelin in isolated arteriolar smooth muscle cells of the choroid.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To characterize the effects of endothelin (ET)-1 on the Ca2+-activated Cl- conductance of choroidal arteriolar smooth muscle.
  
  
  METHODS
  Microvascular smooth muscle cells were enzymatically isolated from choroidal arterioles from the eyes of freshly killed rabbits. Cells were voltage-clamped at -60 mV using the whole-cell perforated patch-clamp technique. Internal pipette solutions were K+ based and contained amphotericin B (200 microg/ml). The cells were bathed in a 20 mM tetraethyl-ammonium solution to block outward K+ currents.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Within 2 to 5 seconds of adding ET-1 (10 nM), inward current pulses were generated at a frequency of around 1 Hz. These evoked transient inward currents were blocked by niflumic acid (10 microM) or anthracene-9-carboxylic acid (1 mM). They were increased 2.4+/-0.1-fold when Cl- was replaced by I in the bathing medium and lost within 4 minutes when external Cl- was reduced from 151.6 to 20 mM. The reversal potential was -1+/-2 mV with 135 mM Cl- in the recording pipette and with 54 mM Cl it was -18+/-4 mV. When gramicidin D (100 microg/ml), which maintains [Cl-]i, was used instead of amphotericin B, the reversal potential was -18+/-1 mV. Ca2+ release by caffeine (10 mM) produced a single transient inward current. Endothelin-evoked transient inward currents were slowly reduced and eventually abolished in Ca2+-free solution (approximately 2 to 3 minutes) and were eliminated after approximately 30 seconds by the sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-uptake inhibitor cyclopiazonic acid (5 microM). The ET(A) receptor antagonist BQ123 (1 microM) prevented an effect by endothelin but did not inhibit the current oscillations once they had been triggered.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In choroidal arteriolar smooth muscle ET-1 evokes transient inward Ca2+-activated Cl- currents induced through the cyclical release and re-uptake of Ca2+ from intracellular stores after ET(A) receptor stimulation.
authors.affiliation: Physiology Department, Queens University, Belfast, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: T M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Curtis
authors.forename: C N
authors.initials: CN
authors.lastname: Scholfield
mesh_terms: D000666:Amphotericin B / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D000873:Anthracenes / Q000494:pharmacology; D001160:Arterioles; D002118:Calcium / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018118:Chloride Channels / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D002712:Chlorides / Q000378:metabolism*; D002829:Choroid / Q000098:blood supply*; D004594:Electrophysiology; D065128:Endothelin Receptor Antagonists; D019332:Endothelin-1 / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D006096:Gramicidin / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D008564:Membrane Potentials / Q000187:drug effects; D009131:Muscle, Smooth, Vascular / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D009544:Niflumic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D018408:Patch-Clamp Techniques; D010456:Peptides, Cyclic / Q000494:pharmacology; D011817:Rabbits; D044022:Receptor, Endothelin A; D017466:Receptors, Endothelin / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000873:Anthracenes; D018118:Chloride Channels; D002712:Chlorides; D065128:Endothelin Receptor Antagonists; D019332:Endothelin-1; D010456:Peptides, Cyclic; D044022:Receptor, Endothelin A; D017466:Receptors, Endothelin; D006096:Gramicidin; D009544:Niflumic Acid; C010030:9-anthroic acid; D000666:Amphotericin B; C072247:cyclo(Trp-Asp-Pro-Val-Leu); D002118:Calcium