Serological detection of infection with diverse human and simian immunodeficiency viruses using consensus env peptides.
Cross-species transmission has been shown to play an important role in the emergence of human retroviruses. We developed a generic enzyme immunoassay using synthetic peptides from gp41 and C2V3 consensus sequences (human immunodeficiency virus [HIV] type 1 [HIV-1] groups M, O, and N and the homologous region of simian immunodeficiency virus [SIV] strains from chimpanzees [SIVcpz], SIVcpzGAB1 and SIVcpzANT) to detect divergent HIV and SIV. A cocktail of peptides from gp41 and C2V3 (M-O) detected all HIV-1 group M and O sera and showed cross-reactivity with SIVcpz sera. Further, a mixture of C2V3 peptides (GAB1-ANT) failed to detect HIV-1 infections but reacted with all SIVcpz sera, allowing discrimination of SIVcpz from HIV-1 infections. Since most SIVcpz sera cross-reacted with HIV-1 peptides, we next evaluated SIVcpz serum reactivity with rapid tests for HIV-1/2. SIVcpzANT and SIVcpzUS sera reacted with the Sero-strip and Multispot assays. Both tests are sensitive in detecting group M (97 100%, respectively), although Multispot has lower sensitivity for group O detection (67%) than does Sero-strip (100%). The limited volume and time required to perform these assays make them a generic tool for field screening. The env peptide-based assay and rapid tests should allow for the identification of emerging variants of HIV and SIV.
Masciotra
S
S
HIV Immunology and Diagnostics Branch, Division of AIDS, STD, and TB Laboratory Research, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA.
Rudolph
D L
DL
van der Groen
G
G
Yang
C
C
Lal
R B
RB
D000818:Animals; D015700:HIV Envelope Protein gp41 / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology*; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006801:Humans; D007118:Immunoassay / Q000379:methods*; D010455:Peptides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012698:Serologic Tests / Q000379:methods; D015302:Simian Immunodeficiency Virus / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D014759:Viral Envelope Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology
D015700:HIV Envelope Protein gp41; D010455:Peptides; D014759:Viral Envelope Proteins