title: Deaths following hernia surgery: room for improvement.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Abdominal wall herniae are common and may well lead to death. The aim of this study was to examine the deaths of patients with an inguinal, femoral or incisional hernia to identify aspects of management which could be improved upon.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data collected by the Scottish Audit of Surgical Mortality 1994-1997 was analysed by interrogation of the database for all deaths on a surgical ward or within 30 days of surgery where the principle diagnosis was inguinal, fermoral or incisional hernia.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were 133 deaths out of 31,525 operations over the 4-year period. Mortality was highest among femoral hernia operations in women (37 deaths/1184 operations; 3.1%) and 59% of femoral hernia surgery was performed outwith normal working hours. The 133 patients were elderly (mean age 79 years) and unfit, but less than half the operations involved consultant anaesthetists or consultant surgeons. Delay in referral contributed to death in 15/133 patients and adverse factors in management, particularly in the perioperative period, caused the death of 2 patients and contributed to the death of a further 29/133.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Herniae carry a significant mortality in elderly, unfit patients who require close attention to perioperative management. These patients should be anaesthetised and operated upon by consultant staff during the normal working day.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery and Molecular Oncology, Ninewells Hospital, Dundee, U.K.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: McGugan
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Burton
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Nixon
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Thompson
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D006547:Hernia / Q000401:mortality*; D059685:Herniorrhaphy; D017052:Hospital Mortality / Q000639:trends*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008485:Medical Audit; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000401:mortality*; D012042:Registries; D017678:Sex Distribution; D016019:Survival Analysis; D006113:United Kingdom