title: Relationship of frequency, age, sex, stone weight and composition in 15,624 stones: comparison of resutls for 1980 to 1983 and 1995 to 1998.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We studied the relationship of stone frequency and composition to age, sex and stone weight.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective study was performed of all 15,624 stones submitted for analysis with infrared and wet chemical methods in Newfoundland and Labrador from 1979 to 1998.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were 1,067 bladder stones of which 216 contained magnesium ammonium phosphate. The remaining 14,557 stones were from the kidney and ureter, and 11,707 were composed only of calcium oxalate and/or phosphate. Of the remaining 2,850 kidney and ureter stones magnesium ammonium phosphate was present in 573, uric acid/urate without magnesium ammonium phosphate in 1,109 and other compounds in 1,168. The 11,707 oxalate phosphate group was subdivided by infrared peak analysis based on oxalate-to-phosphate ratio into phosphate-ratio 1 or less, intermediate-1 to 10 and oxalate-10+. Oxalate comprised 65% of the 11,707 stones compared to 16% for phosphate. Women submitted 52% of phosphate stones compared with 28% of oxalate stones. From the first (1980 to 1983) to the last (1995 to 1998) complete 4-year study periods, there was a relative increase in oxalate and decrease in phosphate stones, associated with increasing age from decades 5 to 6 for oxalate and phosphate stones, except that the age peak for phosphate stones in women remained in decade 3. Median weight of 1, 828 phosphate stones was 43 mg. (mean 234) compared with 25 mg. (mean 98) for 7,634 oxalate stones. Male-to-female ratio was 0.91 for phosphate stones compared with 2.62 for oxalate stones.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Phosphate stones were on average heavier and relatively more common in women, had an earlier age peak frequency in women than oxalate stones and became less frequent during our last 4-year study period. In contrast, oxalate stones were much more common, of lighter weight and became more frequent with time.
authors.affiliation: Renal Laboratory, General Hospital, Memorial University, St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada.
authors.forename: M H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Gault
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chafe
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007669:Kidney Calculi / Q000737:chemistry; D017616:Magnesium Compounds / Q000032:analysis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010070:Oxalates / Q000032:analysis; D010710:Phosphates / Q000032:analysis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012737:Sex Factors; D000069877:Struvite; D014514:Ureteral Calculi / Q000737:chemistry; D001744:Urinary Bladder Calculi / Q000737:chemistry; D014545:Urinary Calculi / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D017616:Magnesium Compounds; D010070:Oxalates; D010710:Phosphates; D000069877:Struvite