title: The use of magnetite-doped polymeric microspheres in calibrating cell tracking velocimetry.
abstract: Continuous magnetic separation, in which there is no accumulation of mass in the system, is an inherently dynamic process, requiring advanced knowledge of the separable species for optimal instrument operation. By determining cell magnetization in a well-defined field, we may predict the cell trajectory behavior in the well-characterized field environments of our continuous separators. Magnetization is determined by tracking the migration of particles with a technique known as cell tracking velocimetry (CTV). The validation of CTV requires calibration against an external standard. Furthermore, such a standard, devoid of the variations and instabilities of biological systems, is needed to reference the method against day-to-day shifts or trends. To this end, a method of synthesizing monodisperse, magnetite-doped polymeric microspheres has been developed. Five sets of microspheres differing in their content of magnetite, and each of approximately 2.7 microm diameter, are investigated. An average gradient of 0.18 T/mm induces magnetic microsphere velocities ranging from 0.45 to 420 microns/s in the CTV device. The velocities enable calculation of the microsphere magnetization. Magnetometer measurements permit the determination of magnetization at a flux density comparable to that of the CTV magnet's analysis region, 1.57 T. A comparison of the results of the CTV and magnetometer measurements shows good agreement.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA. moore@bme.ri.ccf.org
authors.forename: L R
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Moore
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zborowski
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: McCloskey
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gura
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zuberi
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Margel
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Chalmers
mesh_terms: D002478:Cells, Cultured; D055590:Electromagnetic Phenomena; D008280:Magnetics; D008863:Microspheres; D015233:Models, Statistical; D011137:Polystyrenes; D012212:Rheology / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D011137:Polystyrenes