The lipid organisation in the skin barrier.
The main function of the skin is to protect the body against exogenous substances. The skin barrier is located in the outermost layer of the skin, the stratum corneum. This layer consists of keratin enriched cells embedded in lipid lamellae. These lamellae form the main barrier for diffusion of substances through the skin. In diseased skin the barrier function is often impaired. For a full understanding of the properties of the human skin barrier, insight in the stratum corneum lipid organisation is of great importance. In this paper a short description of the lipid organisation in normal human stratum corneum will be given, after which the role the main lipid classes play in the stratum corneum lipid organisation will be described. In addition the effect of cholesterol sulfate and calcium on the lipid organisation will be discussed. Finally a new model, the "sandwich model", will be proposed that describe the localisation of the fluid phases in the stratum corneum.
Bouwstra
J A
JA
Leiden/Amsterdam Center for Drug Research, Gorlaeus Laboratories, Leiden University, The Netherlands. Bouwstra@chem.leidenuniv.nl
Dubbelaar
F E
FE
Gooris
G S
GS
Ponec
M
M
D002118:Calcium / Q000737:chemistry / Q000502:physiology; D002788:Cholesterol Esters / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D004058:Diffusion; D004817:Epidermis / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000737:chemistry / Q000502:physiology*; D005110:Extracellular Space / Q000737:chemistry / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007633:Keratins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000502:physiology; D008055:Lipids / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000502:physiology; D008956:Models, Chemical; D010539:Permeability; D015842:Serine Proteinase Inhibitors / Q000737:chemistry / Q000502:physiology; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction
D002788:Cholesterol Esters; D008055:Lipids; D015842:Serine Proteinase Inhibitors; D007633:Keratins; C007045:cholesteryl sulfate; D002118:Calcium