title: Structure of the nervous system of Myzostoma cirriferum (Annelida) as revealed by immunohistochemistry and cLSM analyses.
abstract: The nervous systems of juvenile and adult Myzostoma cirriferum Leuckart, 1836, were stained with antisera against 5-HT (5-hydroxytryptamine, serotonin), FMRFamide, and acetylated alpha-tubulin in combination with the indirect fluorescence technique and analyzed by confocal laser scanning microscopy. The central nervous system consists of two small cerebral ganglia, connected by a dorsal commissure, a ventral nerve mass, and a pair of long circumesophageal connectives joining the former to the latter. The two neuropil cords within the ventral nerve mass curve outward and are joined to one another anteriorly and posteriorly. They are connected by 12 commissures, forming a ladder-like system. A single median nerve runs along the midventral axis. In addition to the circumesophageal connectives, 11 peripheral nerves arise from each main cord. The first innervates the anterior body region. The others form five groups of two nerves each, the first and thicker nerve of which is the parapodial nerve, innervating the parapodium and two corresponding cirri. Except for those in the most posterior group, the second nerves innervate the lateral organs and the body periphery. Serotonergic perikarya are arranged in six more or less distinct clusters, the first lying in front of and the other five between the main nerve cords. The distribution pattern of the FMRFamidergic perikarya is less clear and the somata lie between and outside the cords. One pair of dorsolateral longitudinal nerves was visualized by tubulin staining. Peripheral nerves and the commissures, in particular, demonstrate a segmental organization of the nervous system of M. cirriferum. Furthermore, their arrangement indicates that the body consists of six segments, the first of which is identifiable only by the first pair of peripheral nerves, the first two commissures, and the anteriormost ventral ganglion. The nervous system M. cirriferum thus exhibits several structures also found in the basic plan of the polychaete nervous system.
authors.affiliation: Spezielle Zoologie, Universität Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany. MCMueller@biologie.uni-osnabrueck.de
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Müller
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Westheide
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000845:Annelida / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000145:classification / Q000254:growth & development; D004064:Digestive System / Q000254:growth & development / Q000294:innervation; D019835:FMRFamide / Q000032:analysis; D019084:Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect; D017952:Ganglia, Invertebrate / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000737:chemistry / Q000254:growth & development; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000032:analysis*; D009420:Nervous System / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000254:growth & development; D018377:Neurotransmitter Agents / Q000032:analysis*; D011077:Polychaeta / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D012701:Serotonin / Q000032:analysis; D013045:Species Specificity; D014404:Tubulin / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D018377:Neurotransmitter Agents; D014404:Tubulin; D012701:Serotonin; D019835:FMRFamide