title: Type 2 cytokines predominate in the human CD4(+) T-lymphocyte response to Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigen 1.
abstract: Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a ubiquitous human herpesvirus that persistently infects 85% of the adult population worldwide. In this report, we examine the proliferative response and cytokine secretion profile of CD4(+) T lymphocytes from a panel of unrelated EBV-positive donors against two EBV latent antigens, EBNA1 and EBNA3C. Substantial proliferative responses by CD4(+) lymphocytes were demonstrated to both antigens in multiple, randomly selected donors. Surprisingly, we observed a striking and consistent difference in cytokine response to EBNA1 and EBNA3C. EBNA1-specific CD4(+) T lymphocytes from multiple unrelated donors preferentially produced type 2-like cytokines in response to antigenic stimulation, while the response to EBNA3C was a characteristic type 1 response. The implications of these findings for EBV persistence and the development of EBV-associated malignancies are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Beirne B. Carter Center for Immunology Research, University of Virginia Health Sciences Center, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, USA.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Steigerwald-Mullen
authors.forename: M G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Kurilla
authors.forename: T J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Braciale
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000956:Antigens, Viral / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D001782:Blood Donors; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D019309:Epstein-Barr Virus Nuclear Antigens / Q000276:immunology*; D004854:Herpesvirus 4, Human / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D007244:Infectious Mononucleosis / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D018417:Th1 Cells / Q000276:immunology; D018418:Th2 Cells / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D000956:Antigens, Viral; D016207:Cytokines; D019309:Epstein-Barr Virus Nuclear Antigens; D011994:Recombinant Proteins