title: Memantine in severe dementia: results of the 9M-Best Study (Benefit and efficacy in severely demented patients during treatment with memantine).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess clinical efficacy and safety of memantine--an uncompetitive N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) antagonist--in moderately severe to severe primary dementia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Dementia was defined by DSM-III-R criteria and severity was assessed by the Global Deterioration Scale (stages 5-7) and the Mini-Mental State Examination (< 10 points). Primary endpoints were the Clinical Global Impression of Change (CGI-C) rated by the physician, and the Behavioural Rating Scale for Geriatric Patients (BGP), subscore 'care dependence', rated by the nursing staff. Secondary endpoints included the modified D-Scale (Arnold/Ferm).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The ITT sample comprised 166 patients and 151 patients were treated per protocol. At 12-week ITT endpoint analysis, 82 received memantine 10 mg per day, 84 placebo. Dementia was in 49% of the Alzheimer type and in 51% of the vascular type (CT, Hachinski score). A positive response in the CGI-C was seen in 73% versus 45% in favour of memantine (stratified Wilcoxon p < 0.001), independent of the etiology of dementia. The results in the BGP subscore 'care dependence' were 3.1 points improvement under memantine and 1.1 points under placebo (p = 0.016). A coincident response of the two independent target variables was observed in 61.3% (memantine) versus 31.6% (placebo). Secondary endpoint analysis of the D-Scale assessing basic ADL functions support the primary results. Regarding the safety profile, no significant differences between treatment groups were observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of this trial support the hypothesis that memantine treatment leads to functional improvement and reduces care dependence in severely demented patients.
authors.affiliation: Karolinska Institutet, Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Family Medicine, Huddinge University Hospital, Sweden.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Winblad
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Poritis
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000368:Aged; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000188:drug therapy*; D015140:Dementia, Vascular / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006233:Persons with Disabilities; D015259:Dopamine Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008559:Memantine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008875:Middle Aged; D012648:Self Care; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D015259:Dopamine Agents; D008559:Memantine