title: pH-adjusted periocular anaesthesia for primary vitreoretinal surgery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the efficacy of pH-adjusted bupivacaine in conjunction with medial orbital periconal block (periocular anaesthesia).
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty consecutive patients undergoing primary vitreoretinal surgery were enrolled prospectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Adequate anaesthesia and akinesia with no intraoperative supplementation was achieved in 53 eyes (88.3%). Factors influencing intraoperative supplementation were combined vitrectomy with scleral buckling (p = 0.005) and duration of surgery of more than 2 hours (p = 0.001). No ocular or systemic complication resulted.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  pH-adjusted periocular anaesthesia is safe and effective in patients undergoing primary vitreoretinal surgery.
authors.affiliation: Vision Research Foundation, Chennai, India. MDSAAA35@giasmd01.vsnl.net.in
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gopal
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Parikh
authors.forename: M P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Shanmugam
authors.forename: S K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Saha
authors.forename: K R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Sulochana
authors.forename: N S
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Shetty
authors.forename: B N
authors.initials: BN
authors.lastname: Mukesh
authors.forename: S S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Badrinath
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000772:Anesthesia, Local / Q000379:methods*; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry; D002045:Bupivacaine / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry; D004338:Drug Combinations; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006821:Hyaluronoglucosaminidase / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007267:Injections; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019148:Neuromuscular Blockade; D009915:Orbit; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012591:Scleral Buckling; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014821:Vitrectomy
chemical_list: D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D004338:Drug Combinations; D006821:Hyaluronoglucosaminidase; D002045:Bupivacaine