title: Strategies to evaluate metabolic stress and catabolism by means of immunological variables.
abstract: In this article, we outline how metabolic stress and catabolism are set off and influenced by the neuroendocrine network that interacts intensely with the immune system. When evaluating metabolic stress in individuals, the vast ocean of mediators, cell-surface markers and intracellular components that participate in metabolism and catabolic or anabolic changes make it necessary to focus on specific entities that may best mirror all these events. T cell responsiveness and factors that orchestrate the T helper type 1 and type 2 balance form an immunological mirror that can competently reflect catabolism and metabolic stress.
authors.affiliation: Department of Laboratory Immunology-Hematology, Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Von Ruecker
authors.forename: I G
authors.initials: IG
authors.lastname: Schmidt-Wolf
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis; D015415:Biomarkers; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules; D018925:Chemokines; D016207:Cytokines; D004734:Energy Metabolism / Q000276:immunology*; D005069:Evaluation Studies as Topic; D006801:Humans; D007159:Immunologic Tests; D009490:Neurosecretory Systems / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D013312:Stress, Physiological / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D006377:T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules; D018925:Chemokines; D016207:Cytokines