title: LXRalpha functions as a cAMP-responsive transcriptional regulator of gene expression.
abstract: LXRalpha is a member of a nuclear receptor superfamily that regulates transcription. LXRalpha forms a heterodimer with RXRalpha, another member of this family, to regulate the expression of cholesterol 7alpha-hydroxylase by means of binding to the DR4-type cis-element. Here, we describe a function for LXRalpha as a cAMP-responsive regulator of renin and c-myc gene transcriptions by the interaction with a specific cis-acting DNA element, CNRE (an overlapping cAMP response element and a negative response element). Our previous studies showed that renin gene expression is regulated by cAMP, at least partly, through the CNRE sequence in its 5'-flanking region. This sequence is also found in c-myc and several other genes. Based on our cloning results using the yeast one-hybrid system, we discovered that the mouse homologue of human LXRalpha binds to the CNRE and demonstrated that it binds as a monomer. To define the function of LXRalpha on gene expression, we transfected the renin-producing renal As4.1 cells with LXRalpha expression plasmid. Overexpression of LXRalpha in As4.1 cells confers cAMP inducibility to reporter constructs containing the renin CNRE. After stable transfection of LXRalpha, As4.1 cells show a cAMP-inducible up-regulation of renin mRNA expression. In parallel experiments, we demonstrated that LXRalpha can also bind to the homologous CNRE in the c-myc promoter. cAMP promotes transcription through c-myc/CNRE:LXRalpha interaction in LXRalpha transiently transfected cells and increases c-myc mRNA expression in stably transfected cells. Identification of LXRalpha as a cAMP-responsive nuclear modulator of renin and c-myc expression not only has cardiovascular significance but may have generalized implication in the regulation of gene transcription.
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Research, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tamura
authors.forename: Y E
authors.initials: YE
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Horiuchi
authors.forename: Q
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Daviet
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lopez-Ilasaca
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mu
authors.forename: R E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Pratt
authors.forename: V J
authors.initials: VJ
authors.lastname: Dzau
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D002460:Cell Line; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000378:metabolism; D003001:Cloning, Molecular / Q000379:methods; D000242:Cyclic AMP / Q000378:metabolism*; D017362:Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D018076:DNA, Complementary; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D006801:Humans; D000071518:Liver X Receptors; D051379:Mice; D008811:Mice, Inbred DBA; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D057093:Orphan Nuclear Receptors; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D016271:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc / Q000235:genetics; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D012083:Renin / Q000235:genetics; D020218:Response Elements; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae; D015534:Trans-Activators / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D015533:Transcriptional Activation; D014162:Transfection
chemical_list: D017362:Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein; D018076:DNA, Complementary; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D000071518:Liver X Receptors; C000605213:NR1H3 protein, human; C000605214:Nr1h3 protein, mouse; D057093:Orphan Nuclear Receptors; D016271:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear; D015534:Trans-Activators; D000242:Cyclic AMP; D012083:Renin