title: "5 A Day" achievement badge for urban boy scouts: formative evaluation results.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Certain cancers are more common among African Americans (AA). Fruit and vegetables (F&V) reduce cancer risk, but Americans, and African Americans in particular, do not meet the "5 A Day" goal. Scouting organizations, particularly urban Boy Scout groups that target inner-city youth, provide promising channels for nutritional behavioral change programs.
  
  
  METHODS
  Focus groups were conducted with urban Boy Scouts and their parents to identify factors influencing F&V consumption and evaluate potential intervention activities. Twenty-four-hour dietary recalls were collected from 85 area Boy Scouts. A national data set was used to obtain values for F&V consumption by African American and European American (boys age 0-16).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Vegetable preferences were low and a negative peer influence for vegetables was reported. The group has limited food-preparation skills, but both parents and scouts reported that F&V were available in their homes. Use of goal setting and use of problem-solving techniques were limited. The local scouts' mean F&V intake was 3.2 servings per day. Ethnic differences in F&V consumption were identified in the national data.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Based on these results and previous interventions in schools, an overall structure for the intervention was developed to include eight weekly troop sessions and two camping sessions, parent newsletters, seven weekly home badge assignments, and ten comic books.
authors.affiliation: Department of Behavioral Science, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston 77030-4095, USA.
authors.forename: K W
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Cullen
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Baranowski
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Baranowski
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Warnecke
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: de Moor
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nwachokor
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Hajek
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Jones
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001741:Black or African American; D001294:Attitude to Health; D001296:Audiovisual Aids; D044383:Black People; D002648:Child; D053198:Child Nutrition Sciences / Q000193:education; D005060:Europe / Q000208:ethnology; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D017144:Focus Groups; D005518:Food Preferences; D005638:Fruit; D006040:Goals; D015438:Health Behavior; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000208:ethnology / Q000517:prevention & control; D052756:Nutritional Sciences / Q000193:education*; D009939:Organizations, Nonprofit; D010379:Peer Group; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011340:Problem Solving; D014504:Urban Health; D014675:Vegetables; D044465:White People