title: Congenital diaphragmatic hernia in neonates: variations in umbilical catheter and enteric tube position.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate anatomic variations of support apparatus position on radiographs obtained in neonates with congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH).
  
  
  METHODS
  The authors evaluated radiographs obtained in 71 neonates with CDH to determine whether nasogastric tubes, umbilical venous catheters, and umbilical arterial catheters deviated from their expected anatomic course. The relationship between deviation patterns and hernia contents was evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sixty-eight neonates-54 with left-sided CDH and 14 with right-sided CDH-had a nasogastric tube. The tubes in 21 patients with left-sided CDH had a normal anatomic course at radiography. Nineteen of these patients did not have stomach in the hernia. In 13 patients, the tip of the nasogastric tube was lodged at the esophagogastric junction. In 17 patients, the tube was in the left hemithorax. In all 30 of these patients, the stomach was within the CDH. All nasogastric tubes in the 14 patients with right-sided CDH had leftward deviation. Thirty-seven patients-27 with left-sided CDH and 10 with right-sided CDH-had umbilical venous catheters. The catheters in 12 patients with left-sided CDH had apex leftward convexity. The umbilical venous catheter in eight patients with right-sided CDH had rightward shift; all eight patients had liver herniation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The positions of nasogastric tubes and umbilical venous catheters vary in several predictable patterns in neonates with CDH. Knowledge of these variations may be helpful for supporting the diagnosis of CDH in unclear cases and thus avoiding unnecessary apparatus adjustments, and for predicting hernia contents.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Division of Pediatric Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sakurai
authors.forename: L F
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Donnelly
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Klosterman
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Strife
mesh_terms: D002406:Catheterization, Peripheral; D005260:Female; D006548:Hernia, Diaphragmatic / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000628:therapy; D065630:Hernias, Diaphragmatic, Congenital; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007441:Intubation, Gastrointestinal; D008297:Male; D011859:Radiography; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014469:Umbilical Arteries; D014471:Umbilical Veins