title: Pharmacokinetics of piperacillan after intramuscular injection in red-tailed hawks (Buteo jamaicensis) and great horned owls (Bubo virginianus).
abstract: This study characterized and compared the pharmacokinetics of piperacillin after single 100 mg/kg i.m. injections in nine red-tailed hawks (Buteo jamaicensis) and five great horned owls (Bubo virginianus) over 48 hr by a modified agar well diffusion microbial inhibition assay. The mean maximum plasma piperacillin concentrations were 204 microg/ml and 221 microg/ml for the hawks and owls, respectively, and times of maximum concentrations were 15 min and 30 min, respectively. The calculated mean terminal elimination half-lives were 77 min in the hawks and 118 min in the owls. Area-under-the-curve values were 218 +/- 52 microg x hr/ml in the hawks and 444 +/- 104 microg x hr/ml in the owls. On the basis of the most common minimal inhibitory concentration (90%) for various bacterial isolates from clinical samples of 8 microg/ml, analysis of the data suggests that the maximum dosing interval for piperacillin at 100 mg/kg in medium sized raptors should be 4-6 hr.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, 95616, USA.
authors.forename: P K
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Robbins
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Tell
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Needham
authors.forename: A L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Craigmill
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D019540:Area Under Curve; D006207:Half-Life; D007273:Injections, Intramuscular / Q000662:veterinary; D010406:Penicillins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D010878:Piperacillin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D020304:Raptors / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D020305:Strigiformes / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D010406:Penicillins; D010878:Piperacillin