title: Sleep-apnea in patients with end-stage renal disease and objective results.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A high prevalence of sleep apnea syndrome (SAS) of 54%-80% has been reported in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). However, these studies were either done in highly selected small patient groups or without objective data using questionnaires only.
  
  
  METHODS
  We, therefore, studied the prevalence of SAS in a large, unselected group of patients with ESRD. During a 6-month period 77 out of 84 unselected patients with ESRD filled out the sleep apnea questionnaire of the University of Marburg and the Epworth Sleepiness Scale. In 55 of these patients, snoring sounds, heart rate, body position and transcapillary arterial oxygen saturation were recorded with an ambulatory device during the night after hemodialysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the questionnaires, 70.3% of the patients reported of an excessive day-time sleepiness, 40.5% of unwillingly falling asleep during the daytime and 35.2% rated their ability to concentrate as decreased. 30.9% (40% male/15% female) of the patients showed evidence of sleep-disordered breathing with an apnea-hypopnea-index (AHI) equal or more than 5/hour. 16.4% (20% male/10% female) of the patients met the diagnostic criteria of SAS. Neither dialysis and biochemical data nor anamnestic parameters measured by the questionnaires correlated significantly with sleep-disordered breathing.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The prevalence of SAS in this large unselected patient group was not as high as previously reported, but it is still considerably higher than in the general population. Objective recordings are essential, as questionnaires overestimate the prevalence of SAS in patients with ESRD. As SAS promotes hypertension and impairs quality of life, ESRD patients might benefit from a treatment of concomitant SAS.
authors.affiliation: Clinic of Nephrology, Centre of Internal Medicine, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany.
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Kuhlmann
authors.forename: H F
authors.initials: HF
authors.lastname: Becker
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Birkhahn
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Peter
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: von Wichert
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Schütterle
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lange
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018670:Monitoring, Ambulatory / Q000295:instrumentation; D015995:Prevalence; D012891:Sleep Apnea Syndromes / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires