title: Efferent and afferent innervation of primate trabecular meshwork and scleral spur.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the correlation between nerve terminals and cells or extracellular matrix (ECM) components in different portions of the primate trabecular meshwork (TM) and scleral spur (SS).
  
  
  METHODS
  Serial sagittal and tangential sections through the anterior segments of 10 cynomolgus monkey eyes and 12 human eyes were investigated immunohistochemically with antibodies against the vesicular acetylcholine transporter (VACHT), vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), tyrosine-hydroxylase (TH), neuropeptide Y (NPY), substance P (SP), calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), and galanin (GAL) and with a reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-diaphorase (NADPHd) reaction. The distribution of the terminals was compared with that of alpha-smooth-muscle actin (SMA) staining in TM and SS. The relationship between terminals and adjacent cells or ECM components was also studied in ultrathin sections through the TM and SS of 11 monkey eyes cut in sagittal, tangential, and frontal planes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  NADPHd-positive nerve terminals were present, especially in the outer portion of both human and monkey TM and in the SS. VACHT-immunoreactive (IR) fibers were found in human but not in monkey SS and TM. The fibers were most numerous in the elongated SS and posterior TM where most cells also stained for SMA. SP- and CGRP-IR nerve endings were also more numerous in the outer TM and SS than in the inner TM. Ultrastructurally, staining for SP was seen in nerve endings containing mitochondria and dense core vesicles and was in contact with the cribriform elastic network. In the posterior SS of monkey eyes were large terminals similar to those previously described in human eyes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results show for the first time that in the primate TM and SS, there are cholinergic and nitrergic nerve terminals that could induce contraction and relaxation of TM and SS cells. Terminals in contact with the elastic-like network of the TM and containing SP-IR resemble afferent mechanoreceptor-like terminals in other parts of the body. These findings raise the possibility that the TM may have some ability to self-regulate aqueous humor outflow.
authors.affiliation: University Eye Clinic, University of Essen, Germany.
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Selbach
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gottanka
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wittmann
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lütjen-Drecoll
mesh_terms: D000199:Actins / Q000378:metabolism; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000818:Animals; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D008252:Macaca fascicularis; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins; D008875:Middle Aged; D009249:NADP / Q000378:metabolism; D009412:Nerve Fibers / Q000378:metabolism; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D009475:Neurons, Afferent / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D009476:Neurons, Efferent / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D012590:Sclera / Q000294:innervation* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D013572:Synaptic Vesicles / Q000378:metabolism; D014129:Trabecular Meshwork / Q000294:innervation* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D050494:Vesicular Acetylcholine Transport Proteins; D033921:Vesicular Transport Proteins
chemical_list: D000199:Actins; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; C493459:SLC18A3 protein, human; D050494:Vesicular Acetylcholine Transport Proteins; D033921:Vesicular Transport Proteins; D009249:NADP