title: Improvement of rejection-induced diastolic abnormalities in rat cardiac allografts with inducible nitric oxide synthase inhibition.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Inhibition of inducible nitric oxide synthase (nitric oxide II) activity has been proposed as a method to attenuate capillary leak and edema during rejection of heterotopically transplanted rat hearts. Myocardial edema has previously been implicated in diastolic dysfunction during allograft rejection. Accordingly, we tested the hypothesis that inducible nitric oxide synthase inhibition with aminoguanidine would alleviate left ventricular stiffening and myocardial edema formation in 4-day heterotopic rat heart allografts.
  
  
  METHODS
  Passive left ventricular filling was studied in American Cancer Institute Lewis rats receiving heterotopic heart transplants receiving either aminoguanidine, a selective nitric oxide synthase inhibitor (n = 6); dexamethasone (1 mg. kg(-1). d(-1) administered subcutaneously) for 4 days after transplantation (n = 6); or intravenous saline solution (n = 6). American Cancer Institute-to-American Cancer Institute isografts (n = 6) were used as controls.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Serum nitrite/nitrate levels in the aminoguanidine group (18 +/- 3 mmol/L) and dexamethasone group (22 +/- 4 mmol/L) were reduced versus the intravenous saline group (144 +/- 36 mmol/L [SEM]) to levels seen in controls (25 +/- 9 mmol/L). Left ventricular volume at 15 mm Hg for the aminoguanidine group was increased versus that for the intravenous saline solution group, similar to that for controls, and reduced versus dexamethasone-treated animals. Myocardial water content for the aminoguanidine-treated animals (78.3% +/- 0.4%) was similar to those of intravenous saline-treated animals (78.0% +/- 0. 3%) but greater than those of controls (77.1% +/- 0.2%) and dexamethasone-treated animals (76.7% +/- 0.3%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Nitric oxide II inhibition with aminoguanidine minimizes the reduction in left ventricular filling that is seen with allograft rejection through a mechanism that is not associated with attenuation of myocardial edema.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
authors.forename: P F
authors.initials: PF
authors.lastname: Soto
authors.forename: C X
authors.initials: CX
authors.lastname: Jia
authors.forename: D G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Rabkin
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Hart
authors.forename: Y M
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Carter
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Sardo
authors.forename: D T
authors.initials: DT
authors.lastname: Hsu
authors.forename: P E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Fisher
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Pinsky
authors.forename: H M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Spotnitz
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D009202:Cardiomyopathies / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003907:Dexamethasone / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003971:Diastole / Q000187:drug effects*; D004487:Edema / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006084:Graft Rejection / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006146:Guanidines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016027:Heart Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000503:physiopathology; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D051381:Rats; D011917:Rats, Inbred Lew
chemical_list: D006146:Guanidines; D003907:Dexamethasone; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; C004479:pimagedine