title: Use of perchloric acid as a reaction medium for speciation of arsenic by hydride generation-atomic absorption spectrometry.
abstract: Simple and inexpensive methods for the speciation of arsenite, arsenate, monomethylarsonic acid (MMA) and dimethylarsinic acid (DMA) in environmental water samples were developed. In these methods a hydride generation-atomic absorption spectrometry (HG-AAS) technique was employed and perchloric acid (as a reaction medium), L-cysteine (as a pre-reducing agent for a certain contact time between its addition and analysis) and sodium tetrahydroborate(III) (NaBH4, as a reducing agent) were used. The use of L-cysteine greatly enhances the absorption signals of all four arsenic species at low acid concentration (0.001-0.04 M). The methods developed for the determination of total arsenic and total inorganic arsenic and speciation of the four arsenic species in environmental water samples are as follows. (i) DMA: 0.005 M acid and 0.04% NaBH4 in the absence of L-cysteine. DMA can also be speciated in the presence of L-cysteine as follows: 2 M acid, 2.5% L-cysteine after a contact time of approximately 5 min and 0.6% NaBH4. (ii) As(III): 5 M acid and 0.08% NaBH4 in the absence of L-cysteine. (iii) Total inorganic arsenic (As(III) + As(V)]: 8 M acid and 0.6% NaBH4 in the absence of L-cysteine. (iv) Total arsenic: 0.01 M acid, 5% L-cysteine after a contact time of 5 min and 2% NaBH4. (v) MMA: 8 M acid, 3% L-cysteine after a contact time of 50 min and 0.6% NaBH4. (vi) As(V): by difference. Detection limits and recoveries of added spikes for all analyses were found to be 0.5-1.7 ppb and 90-112% respectively.
authors.affiliation: National Research Centre for Environmental Toxicology, Qld., Australia. a.shraim@chemistry.uq.edu.au
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shraim
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Chiswell
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Olszowy
mesh_terms: D001151:Arsenic / Q000032:analysis*; D002273:Carcinogens / Q000032:analysis*; D010472:Perchlorates; D013054:Spectrophotometry, Atomic; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D002273:Carcinogens; D010472:Perchlorates; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D001151:Arsenic