title: Ureteroscopic endopyelotomy with the Holmium:YAG laser. mid-term results.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Various modalities ranging from acucise balloon to endoincision with electrocautery, cold knife, and lasers have been used to treat ureteropelvic junction obstruction (UPJO). We assessed the intermediate effectiveness of endopyelotomy with the holmium(Ho):YAG laser.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between November 1994 and May 1998, 20 patients with 16 primary and 4 secondary symptomatic UPJO were treated. All patients were evaluated clinically and radiologically before and after the procedure at 3 months, and yearly thereafter. The mean follow-up was 34 months (12-38 months).
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 22 procedure were performed on 20 patients with an average operating time of 44.3 min and mean hospital stay of 1.9 days. All patients were stented after the procedure for 6 weeks. Complication included urinoma (1) and guidewire fracture in 1 patient. 15 patients had a successful outcome determined by a diuretic renography and/or Whitaker test. Three patients with poor preoperative renal function (<25%) had an unsatisfactory outcome. There were 2 failures and they were treated with nephrectomy (1) and open pyeloplasty (1).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A controlled, precise, safe and almost 'bloodless' endopyelotomy can be performed with the holmium laser. Success rate tends to be poor in patients with poor renal function.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Countess of Chester Hospital, Chester, UK. shekharbiyani@hotmail.com
authors.forename: C S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Biyani
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Cornford
authors.forename: C S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Powell
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D004724:Endoscopy; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007682:Kidney Pelvis / Q000601:surgery*; D053685:Laser Therapy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D014517:Ureteral Obstruction / Q000601:surgery*; D018666:Ureteroscopy