title: Liposome-encapsulated hemoglobin does not exacerbate endotoxin-induced lung injury.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To test the hypothesis that liposome encapsulated hemoglobin (LEH), an experimental oxygen-carrying fluid, exacerbates endotoxin-induced lung injury in the rat.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective, randomized animal study.
  
  
  METHODS
  University animal laboratory.
  
  
  METHODS
  Anesthetized Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 8-13) were infused with LEH (10% of estimated total blood volume) or vehicle (0.9% NaCl). Thirty minutes later, Escherichia coli endotoxin (3.6 mg/kg, i.v.) or vehicle (0.9% NaCl) was administered, and skeletal muscle oxygen tension as well as lung injury were assessed at 2, 4, and 8 hrs. Oxygen tension was measured using a miniaturized thin film oxygen sensor placed in the rectus abdominis muscle, and lung injury was evaluated by determining lung weights, lung myeloperoxidase activity, lung tissue tumor necrosis factor-alpha level, and protein concentration in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The intravenous bolus injection of E. coli endotoxin elevated lung water content (33% +/- 5%; p < .01 vs. sham controls), myeloperoxidase activity (56% +/- 6%; p < .01), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha production (1320 +/- 154 pg/g lung tissue; p < .05 vs. undetected levels in sham controls), as well as induced protein accumulation in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (258% +/- 38%; p < .01) and skeletal muscle hypoxia (52 +/- 8 mm Hg; p < .05). Pretreatment with LEH, which when infused alone did not induce lung injury, had no effect on these responses.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this specific model of endotoxin-induced lung injury, LEH does not exacerbate microvascular leakage and leukosequestration, the hallmarks of adult respiratory distress syndrome.
authors.affiliation: Section of Trauma & Surgical Critical Care, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rabinovici
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Spirig
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Abdullah
authors.forename: D R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Phillip
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ovadia
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rudolph
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001992:Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid; D004487:Edema; D004731:Endotoxins; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008081:Liposomes; D008297:Male; D011897:Random Allocation; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012128:Respiratory Distress Syndrome / Q000209:etiology*; D018805:Sepsis / Q000150:complications*
chemical_list: D004731:Endotoxins; D006454:Hemoglobins; D008081:Liposomes