title: Use of Tc-99m HMPAO leukocyte scans to evaluate bone infection: incremental value of additional SPECT images.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In this study, the diagnostic value of Tc-99m hexamethylpropylene amine oxime (HMPAO) leukocyte scans and the role of additional SPECT in the diagnosis of bone infection were evaluated.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Tc-99m HMPAO leukocyte scans of 37 patients with clinically suspected bone infection were reviewed. The patients were divided into two groups according to the presence of orthopedic implants. Early (4 to 6 hours) and delayed (18 to 20 hours) planar images and early SPECT images were obtained. The final diagnosis of infection was made based on the pathologic, bacteriologic, and surgical data and clinical follow-up.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Group 1 (25 patients with orthopedic implants) included 15 true-positive, 1 false-negative, 7 true-negative, and 2 false-positive results. Group 2 (12 patients without orthopedic implants) included 7 true-positive, 1 false-negative, and 4 true-negative results. The overall sensitivity of the Tc-99m HMPAO leukocyte scan with SPECT to detect bone infection was 92%, with a specificity rate of 85%. (Group 1: sensitivity, 94%; specificity, 78%. Group 2: 88% and 100% sensitivity and specificity, respectively.)
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The Tc-99m HMPAO leukocyte scan is useful in the diagnosis of bone infection, regardless of the presence of orthopedic implants. The additional SPECT images may be helpful to localize the site of infection more accurately.
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Y C
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Weon
authors.forename: S O
authors.initials: SO
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Y Y
authors.initials: YY
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Ryu
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.forename: S H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: H K
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007962:Leukocytes; D008297:Male; D010019:Osteomyelitis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D019736:Prostheses and Implants; D016459:Prosthesis-Related Infections / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D019690:Technetium Tc 99m Exametazime; D015899:Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon
chemical_list: D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D019690:Technetium Tc 99m Exametazime