title: A randomized prospective trial of intrarectal lidocaine for pain control during transrectal prostate biopsy: the Emory University experience.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We prospectively evaluated the safety and efficacy of intrarectal lidocaine gel as anesthesia during transrectal prostate biopsy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Of 63 consecutive men undergoing transrectal prostate biopsy 50 who qualified were enrolled in this study. Indications for the procedure were an abnormal prostate on digital rectal examination and/or elevated serum prostate specific antigen. Patients were randomized into group 1-25 who received 10 cc of 2% intrarectal lidocaine 10 minutes before the procedure and group 2-25 controls. No narcotics, sedation or analgesia was given. Pain during biopsy was assessed using a 10-point linear visual analog pain scale.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In groups 1 and 2 median patient age was 63 and 66 years (p = 0.139), and median prostate specific antigen was 6.04 (range 1.07 to 263) and 7.24 (range 1.34 to 51.82) ng./ml. (p = 0.337). Digital rectal examination was normal and abnormal in 17 and 15 group 1, and in 8 and 10 group 2 patients, respectively. Ultrasound showed a median prostate volume of 43.6 cc (range 15.3 to 124) in group 1 and 40.3 (range 19.8 to 132) in group 2 (p = 0.710). Final histological results revealed prostate cancer in 7 men (28%) in each group. The median pain score during transrectal prostate biopsy was 2 (range 1 to 5) and 5 (range 1 to 7) in groups 1 and 2, respectively (p = 0.00001). No adverse events were noted.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Intrarectal lidocaine gel is a simple, safe and efficacious method of providing satisfactory anesthesia in men undergoing transrectal prostate biopsy. We recommend its routine administration in all patients during this procedure.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta Georgia, USA.
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Issa
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bux
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Chun
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Petros
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Labadia
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Anastasia
authors.forename: L E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: F F
authors.initials: FF
authors.lastname: Marshall
mesh_terms: D000285:Administration, Rectal; D000368:Aged; D000698:Analgesia / Q000379:methods*; D000758:Anesthesia / Q000379:methods; D001706:Biopsy / Q000379:methods*; D005782:Gels; D006801:Humans; D008012:Lidocaine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010147:Pain Measurement; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011467:Prostate / Q000473:pathology*; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000097:blood; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology; D012449:Safety
chemical_list: D005782:Gels; D008012:Lidocaine; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen