title: Idiopathic environmental intolerances: results of challenge studies.
abstract: It has been postulated that psychophysiologic mechanisms may account for symptom generation in IEI. In this review, the similarity of IEI and panic disorder symptoms are noted. The results of various challenge studies, both with known panicogenic substances and self-identified triggers, are examined. Available data are consistent with the premise that IEI symptoms have a psychophysiologic basis.
authors.affiliation: Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Leznoff
authors.forename: K E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Binkley
mesh_terms: D001143:Arousal / Q000502:physiology; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D018876:Environmental Illness / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology; D006801:Humans; D018777:Multiple Chemical Sensitivity / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology; D009784:Occupational Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology; D016584:Panic Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology; D011603:Psychophysiology; D019354:Sodium Lactate
chemical_list: D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D019354:Sodium Lactate