title: Exenteration of the orbit by the oncology rule.
abstract: The operation of malignant tumors must follow the rule of oncology procedure. The fact is very important to avoid complications in the short- or long-term. The complication in the short term is bleeding during the operation, and the complications in the long-term are: metastasis of the tumor and locally recidive. Metastasis is of the tumor can occur because of the opening of the vessels, so that particles or microparticles of the tumor can enter into the lumen of the artery or the vein. However, this can also happen by the lymphatic route. If the operating procedure follows the rule of oncology, we hope that the tumors will be completely eradicated, complications will be much reduced, and the survival rate of the patient also increases. Metastasis and other complications can occur more rapidly after tumor surgery. Many steps can be taken to avoid such complications. One of them is to operate on the tumor by observing the oncology rule. The aim of this paper is to avoid the complications of surgery by following the oncology rule. Steps that must be taken before the operation are: biopsy of the tumor; staging; consultation with medical oncologists and radiology oncologists, and then the resection of the tumor if necessary.
authors.affiliation: Medical Faculty of Brawijaya University, Malang.
authors.lastname: Mahdi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hariyah
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D009918:Orbital Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D013514:Surgical Procedures, Operative / Q000379:methods*