title: Design of "High 5": a school-based study to promote fruit and vegetable consumption for reduction of cancer risk.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This paper describes the methods used in "High 5," a school-based study to increase fruit and vegetable consumption for cancer risk reduction.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-eight elementary schools were matched and randomized to intervention or control conditions. All students were assessed based on diet and psychosocial variables at baseline and one and two years post-baseline. The intervention included classroom, parent, and environmental components.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The study recruited 1,698 families and retained 85%. The two conditions were equivalent at baseline; 50% female students, 81% to 84% European-American students, and 2.9 servings of fruit and vegetables per day. Good completion was achieved across the intervention components (e.g., 90% of lessons taught, 72% of parent materials read, 3.6 servings of fruit and vegetables offered in cafeterias).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The use of school-based programs, with strong evaluation designs, will enhance knowledge about the modification of nutrition behavior and cancer risk in children. Lessons learned from the study are reported.
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Behavior, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 35294, USA. kreynolds@hb.soph.uab.edu
authors.forename: K D
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Reynolds
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Raczynski
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Binkley
authors.forename: F A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Franklin
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Duvall
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Devane-Hart
authors.forename: K F
authors.initials: KF
authors.lastname: Harrington
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Caldwell
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Jester
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bragg
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fouad
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D002648:Child; D004032:Diet; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005522:Food Services; D005638:Fruit; D006293:Health Promotion / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D016013:Likelihood Functions; D008297:Male; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000517:prevention & control*; D052756:Nutritional Sciences / Q000193:education*; D010287:Parent-Child Relations; D010290:Parents / Q000193:education; D012307:Risk Factors; D012574:Schools; D012931:Social Environment; D014675:Vegetables