title: Mood and alcohol consumption: an experience sampling test of the self-medication hypothesis.
abstract: In this investigation the authors applied the experience sampling method to prospectively test the self-medication hypothesis. In vivo reports gathered in the context of daily life demonstrated that nervousness was the only negative mood state to predict increases in alcohol consumption later in the course of the day. Further examination of this within-person relationship demonstrated that men were more likely to consume alcohol when nervous than were women, but this association was unrelated to family history of alcoholism, problem drinking patterns, or trait anxiety and depression. Consistent with the self-medication hypothesis, cross-sectional analyses also confirmed that alcohol consumption was generally associated with lower levels of nervousness; this effect varied by several demographic and clinical variables. These findings are discussed in terms of the diversity of reasons for alcohol consumption and their potential for explaining problem drinking.
authors.affiliation: Psychology Department, University of Bordeaux II, France. Joel.Swendsen@psycho.u-bordeaux2.fr
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Swendsen
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tennen
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Carney
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Affleck
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Willard
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hromi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000339:Affect; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*; D001007:Anxiety / Q000523:psychology*; D003237:Connecticut / Q000453:epidemiology; D005191:Family Characteristics; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D012494:Sampling Studies; D012651:Self Medication; D017678:Sex Distribution