title: Cigarette smoking patterns in patients after treatment of bladder cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Assessment of smoking status and identification of those most likely to continue smoking are important in the management of patients who have bladder cancer, because continued smoking following diagnosis and treatment increases the likelihood of treatment-related complications, recurrence, second primary malignancies, and morbidity and mortality.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients (n = 224) receiving follow-up care of previously treated bladder cancers completed a brief written survey assessing their post-diagnosis smoking patterns.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Despite the risks of continued smoking, 69% of the patients who had been active smokers at the time of diagnosis (n = 84) reported smoking at some point following the diagnosis and 45% reported smoking at the time of assessment. Patients diagnosed at earlier stages were more likely to continue smoking. Patients diagnosed at later stages were 2.80 times more likely to be continuous abstainers than those diagnosed sooner (95% CI, 1.08-7.25).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The findings underscore the need to assess smoking status and provide smoking-cessation advice and counseling within routine comprehensive care of bladder cancer patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10021, USA.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ostroff
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Garland
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Moadel
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Fleshner
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hay
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cramer
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zauber
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Trambert
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: O'Sullivan
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Russo
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001294:Attitude to Health; D015897:Comorbidity; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D017678:Sex Distribution; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology*; D016540:Smoking Cessation / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000628:therapy*