title: Time-specific effects of mono-n-butyl phthalate on the transabdominal descent of the testis in rat fetuses.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the time-specific effects of mono-n-butyl phthalate (MBP) on the transabdominal migration of the testis in fetal rats. Materials and methods Three groups of pregnant rats were administered MBP by stomach-tube feeding when the fetus was at 7-10 days of gestation in group 1, 11-14 days in group 2, and 15-18 days in group 3; controls (group 4) were given vehicle only from 7-18 days. At 20 days of gestation the fetuses were obtained by Caesarean section, and the position of the testes, the development of the gubernaculum, cranial suspensory ligament and the epididymis were examined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The timed intervals of MBP administration showed that the maximum inhibition of transabdominal testicular descent was at 15-18 days of gestation. There was an elongated gubernaculum and hypertrophic cranial suspensory ligament in the MBP-treated rat fetuses. Furthermore, the epididymis showed a few small ducti deferentia, although there were no remarkable changes in either the Sertoli and Leydig cells in these testes. The mean (SEM) content of testicular testosterone was significantly less (P < 0.001) in the MBP-treated rats, at 50.9 (3.8) pg/testis, than in the controls, at 676 (33.3) pg/testis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings indicate that a brief exposure to MBP during fetal development can inhibit the transabdominal migration of the testis and reduce testosterone content in rats, although the relationship between migration and the testicular testosterone content remains unknown.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Paediatric Surgery, Reproductive and Developmental Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan. shono@pedsurg.med.kyushu-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shono
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kai
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Suita
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nawata
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003456:Cryptorchidism / Q000139:chemically induced*; D008297:Male; D010795:Phthalic Acids / Q000633:toxicity*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013723:Teratogens / Q000633:toxicity*; D013737:Testis / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D010795:Phthalic Acids; D013723:Teratogens; C028577:monobutyl phthalate