title: Nitric oxide induces apoptosis in the human corpus luteum in vitro.
abstract: The present study aimed to investigate the role of nitric oxide (NO) in regression of the human corpus luteum. We therefore examined the effect of both NO and human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) on luteal cell apoptosis, and Bcl-2 production. The effect of NO on oestrogen production during corpus luteum regression was also studied. Slices from corpus luteum collected throughout the luteal phase were incubated for 4 h with the nitric oxide synthase (NOS) substrate, L-arginine (L-Arg, 1 mmol/l), the NOS inhibitor N-monomethyl-L-arginine (L-NMMA) (1 mmol/l), or with HCG (10 IU/ml). Oestradiol concentrations were determined by radioimmunoassay; Bcl-2 concentrations were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; apoptosis was detected in-situ by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labelling; and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) was assessed by immunohistochemistry. Consistent with our previous findings, L-Arg elicited an inhibitory action on the production of oestradiol (P< 0.05). The number of apoptotic cells increased (P<0.05) from early to late corpus luteum, as did the number of cells positive for the expression of iNOS. The percentage of apoptotic cells in mid and late luteal phase was increased by L-Arg (56% and 310% respectively; P <0.05), and decreased by L-NMMA and HCG. Although no changes were observed in Bcl-2 concentration during the corpus luteum life span, L-Arg inhibited, and HCG augmented, Bcl-2 production (P<0.05) from mid and late corpus luteum cells in vitro. In summary, these results suggest that the opposite actions of L-Arg and HCG on human corpus luteum viability may, in part, be mediated by changes in the level of the anti-apoptotic activities caused by oestradiol and Bcl-2 protein.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Maternal and Child Research and Pathology Department, San Borja-Arriaran Clinical Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Chile.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vega
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Urrutia
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Iñiguez
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Gabler
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Devoto
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Johnson
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000502:physiology*; D001120:Arginine / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D001141:Aromatase / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D006063:Chorionic Gonadotropin / Q000494:pharmacology; D003338:Corpus Luteum / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D004958:Estradiol / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D020287:In Situ Nick-End Labeling; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism*; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000378:metabolism; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D019323:omega-N-Methylarginine / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D006063:Chorionic Gonadotropin; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D019323:omega-N-Methylarginine; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D004958:Estradiol; D001120:Arginine; C496319:NOS2 protein, human; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D001141:Aromatase