title: Physical and functional interaction between two pluripotent proteins, the Y-box DNA/RNA-binding factor, YB-1, and the multivalent zinc finger factor, CTCF.
abstract: CTCF is a unique, highly conserved, and ubiquitously expressed 11 zinc finger (ZF) transcriptional factor with multiple DNA site specificities. It is able to bind to varying target sequences to perform different regulatory roles, including promoter activation or repression, creating hormone-responsive gene silencing elements, and functional block of enhancer-promoter interactions. Because different sets of ZFs are utilized to recognize different CTCF target DNA sites, each of the diverse DNA.CTCF complexes might engage different essential protein partners to define distinct functional readouts. To identify such proteins, we developed an affinity chromatography method based on matrix-immobilized purified recombinant CTCF. This approach resulted in isolation of several CTCF protein partners. One of these was identified as the multifunctional Y-box DNA/RNA-binding factor, YB-1, known to be involved in transcription, replication, and RNA processing. We examined CTCF/YB-1 interaction by reciprocal immunoprecipitation experiments with anti-CTCF and anti-YB-1 antibodies, and found that CTCF and YB-1 form complexes in vivo. We show that the bacterially expressed ZF domain of CTCF is fully sufficient to retain YB-1 in vitro. To assess possible functional significance of CTCF/YB-1 binding, we employed the very first identified by us, negatively regulated, target for CTCF (c-myc oncogene promoter) as a model in co-transfection assays with both CTCF and YB-1 expression vectors. Although expression of YB-1 alone had no effect, co-expression with CTCF resulted in a marked enhancement of CTCF-driven c-myc transcriptional repression. Thus our findings demonstrate, for the first time, the biological relevance of the CTCF/YB-1 interaction.
authors.affiliation: Genetics Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QU, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: I V
authors.initials: IV
authors.lastname: Chernukhin
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shamsuddin
authors.forename: A F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Robinson
authors.forename: A F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Carne
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Paul
authors.forename: A I
authors.initials: AI
authors.lastname: El-Kady
authors.forename: V V
authors.initials: VV
authors.lastname: Lobanenkov
authors.forename: E M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Klenova
mesh_terms: D001483:Base Sequence; D022762:CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D000076246:CCCTC-Binding Factor; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D051839:NFI Transcription Factors; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D011485:Protein Binding; D012097:Repressor Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D051840:Y-Box-Binding Protein 1; D016335:Zinc Fingers
chemical_list: D022762:CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins; D000076246:CCCTC-Binding Factor; C000619697:CTCF protein, human; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D051839:NFI Transcription Factors; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D012097:Repressor Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors; D051840:Y-Box-Binding Protein 1; C070856:YBX1 protein, human