title: Reference values for activated coagulation time in cats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To establish reference values for activated coagulation time (ACT) in cats by use of jugular venipuncture and direct collection of blood into ACT vacuum tubes.
  
  
  METHODS
  100 clinically normal cats that were to have elective surgery performed at a private practice.
  
  
  METHODS
  Collection of 3 blood samples for ACT measurement was attempted for each cat at the time of elective surgery: sample 1, obtained before sedation; sample 2, tube 1 of 2 consecutive samples obtained from a single venipuncture of the contralateral jugular vein after sedation with acepromazine and ketamine hydrochloride; and sample 3, tube 2 collected immediately following collection of sample 2 without removing the needle from the vein. Venipuncture quality was rated subjectively on a 3-point scale.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Median ACT were 95 seconds for each sample group. The middle 95% of values ranged inclusively from 55 to 185 seconds (sample 1), 65 to 135 seconds (sample 2), 45 to 145 seconds (sample 3), and 55 to 165 seconds overall (samples 1, 2, and 3). Significant differences in ACT values were not detected between sample groups. Significant relationships between ACT and venipuncture quality or sex of cat were not detected.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  With the ACT protocols used, clinically normal cats had ACT of < 165 seconds. The ACT in cats does not appear to be significantly affected by sex, sedation with acepromazine and ketamine, or by moderately traumatic venipunctures. These results refute widespread statements that ACT should be < 65 seconds in healthy cats. Cats with ACT repeatedly > 165 seconds should be further evaluated for hemostatic disorders.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia 65211, USA.
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Bay
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Scott
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Hans
mesh_terms: D000075:Acepromazine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000700:Analgesics / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000818:Animals; D002415:Cats / Q000097:blood*; D018492:Dopamine Antagonists / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005260:Female; D007649:Ketamine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008297:Male; D012016:Reference Values; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D014914:Whole Blood Coagulation Time / Q000662:veterinary*
chemical_list: D000700:Analgesics; D018492:Dopamine Antagonists; D000075:Acepromazine; D007649:Ketamine