title: Long term outcome after transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic stent-shunt in non-transplant cirrhotics with hepatorenal syndrome: a phase II study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Recent small studies on hepatorenal syndrome (HRS) indicate some clinical benefit after transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic stent-shunt (TIPS) but sufficient long term data are lacking.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We studied prospectively feasibility, safety, and long term survival after TIPS in 41 non-transplantable cirrhotics with HRS (phase II study).
  
  
  METHODS
  HRS was diagnosed using current criteria (severe (type I) HRS, n=21; moderate (type II) HRS, n=20). Thirty one patients (14 type I, 17 type II) received TIPS (8-10 mm) while advanced liver failure excluded shunting in 10. During follow up (median 24 months) we analysed renal function and survival (Kaplan-Meier).
  
  
  RESULTS
  TIPS markedly reduced the portal pressure gradient (21 (5) to 13 (4) mm Hg (mean (SD)); p<0.001) with one procedure related death (3.2%). Renal function deteriorated without TIPS but improved (p<0.001) within two weeks after TIPS (creatinine clearance 18 (15) to 48 (42) ml/min; sodium excretion 9 (16) to 77 (78) mmol/24 hours) and stabilised thereafter. Following TIPS, three, six, 12, and 18 month survival rates were 81%, 71%, 48%, and 35%, respectively. As only 10% of non-shunted patients survived three months, total survival rates were 63%, 56%, 39%, and 29%, respectively. Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed bilirubin (p<0.001) and HRS type (p<0.05) as independent survival predictors after TIPS.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  TIPS provides long term renal function and probably survival benefits in the majority of non-transplantable cirrhotics with HRS. These data warrant controlled trials evaluating TIPS in the management of HRS.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, University of Bonn, Germany.
authors.forename: K A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Brensing
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Textor
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Perz
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Schiedermaier
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Raab
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Strunk
authors.forename: H U
authors.initials: HU
authors.lastname: Klehr
authors.forename: H J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Kramer
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Spengler
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Schild
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sauerbruch
mesh_terms: D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D006530:Hepatorenal Syndrome / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D008103:Liver Cirrhosis / Q000150:complications*; D016031:Liver Transplantation; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019168:Portasystemic Shunt, Transjugular Intrahepatic; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012044:Regression Analysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome