title: Nonradioactive techniques for measurement of in vitro T-cell proliferation: alternatives to the [(3)H]thymidine incorporation assay.
abstract: T-cell proliferation is an important in vitro parameter of in vivo immune function and has been used as a prognostic marker of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) disease progression. The proliferative capacity of T cells in response to various stimuli is commonly determined by a radioactive assay based on incorporation of [(3)H]thymidine ([(3)H]TdR) into newly generated DNA. In order to assess techniques for application in laboratories where radioactive facilities are not present, two alternative methods were tested and compared to the [(3)H]TdR assay as a "gold standard." As an alternative, T-cell proliferation was measured by flow cytometric assessment of CD38 expression on T cells and by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) based on bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), either in whole blood or Ficoll-Isopaque separated, from a total of 26 HIV-1-positive and 18 HIV-1-negative Dutch individuals were stimulated with CD3 monoclonal antibody (MAb) alone, a combination of CD3 and CD28 MAbs, or phytohemagglutinin. BrdU incorporation after 3 days of stimulation with a combination of CD3 and CD28 MAbs correlated excellently with the [(3)H]TdR incorporation in both study groups (HIV-1 positives, r = 0.96; HIV-1 negatives, r = 0.83). A significant correlation of absolute numbers of T cells expressing CD38 with [(3)H]TdR incorporation, both in HIV-1-positive (r = 0.96) and HIV-1-negative (r = 0.84) individuals, was also observed under these conditions. The results of this study indicate that determination of both the number of CD38-positive T cells and BrdU incorporation can be used as alternative techniques to measure the in vitro T-cell proliferative capacity. The measurement of CD38 expression on T cells provides the additional possibility to further characterize the proliferating T-cell subsets for expression of other surface markers.
authors.affiliation: Ethiopian-Netherlands AIDS Research Project at the Ethiopian Health and Nutrition Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. enarp@telecom.net.et
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Messele
authors.forename: M T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Roos
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hamann
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Koot
authors.forename: A L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Fontanet
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Miedema
authors.forename: P T
authors.initials: PT
authors.lastname: Schellekens
authors.forename: T F
authors.initials: TF
authors.lastname: Rinke de Wit
mesh_terms: D036541:ADP-ribosyl Cyclase; D051997:ADP-ribosyl Cyclase 1; D000163:Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D015703:Antigens, CD; D000943:Antigens, Differentiation; D002455:Cell Division; D005434:Flow Cytometry / Q000379:methods*; D015497:HIV-1; D006801:Humans; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D009244:NAD+ Nucleosidase; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011379:Prognosis; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD; D000943:Antigens, Differentiation; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D036541:ADP-ribosyl Cyclase; C498154:CD38 protein, human; D009244:NAD+ Nucleosidase; D051997:ADP-ribosyl Cyclase 1