title: Levels and trends of PCDD/Fs and PCBs in human milk in Finland.
abstract: Word Health Organization, WHO/EURO, has coordinated two rounds of follow-up studies on levels of PCDDs, PCDFs, and PCBs in human milk which were analyzed as two pooled samples from each participating country, one from urban and the other one from rural area. Finland has taken part to both of those studies and we are now reporting results of all the second round randomly sampled human milk samples (84 samples) from Southern (20) and Eastern (64) Finland. The levels of PCDD/Fs and PCBs in human milk in Southern Finland were considerably higher than in Eastern Finland. The level of PCDD/Fs in human milk in Southern Finland was the same as in the Central Europe but the level in Eastern Finland was similar to levels in Norway and eastern parts of Europe. The concentrations of PCDD/Fs and PCBs showed a significant decrease from 1987 to 1994. Declining of PCDD/Fs and PCBs was 36 and 49% in primiparae mothers' milk, respectively. This decrease in concentrations of PCDD/F and PCB was slightly greater in Eastern than in Southern Finland.
authors.affiliation: Division of Environmental Health, National Public Health Institute, Kuopio, Finland.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kiviranta
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Purkunen
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Vartiainen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001572:Benzofurans / Q000032:analysis*; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D005223:Fats / Q000032:analysis; D005260:Female; D005387:Finland; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008895:Milk, Human / Q000737:chemistry*; D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls / Q000032:analysis*; D000072317:Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000032:analysis; D011108:Polymers / Q000032:analysis*; D012424:Rural Population; D013997:Time Factors; D014505:Urban Population
chemical_list: D001572:Benzofurans; D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D005223:Fats; D000072317:Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins; D011108:Polymers; C016068:polychlorodibenzofuran; D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls