title: Ocular manifestations of incontinentia pigmenti.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The study aimed to evaluate the ocular manifestations in patients with incontinentia pigmenti (IP).
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty patients from different parts of Sweden participated. Orthoptic and ocular examinations were performed as well as evaluation of refraction and visual acuity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ocular manifestations, probably associated with IP, were found in 77% (23/30) of the patients. Thirteen had serious or vision-threatening eye manifestations in one eye, of whom 7 were totally blind in that eye from retinal detachments. Ten patients had minor retinal and/or corneal changes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Ocular lesions in patients with IP may be serious and lead to blindness because of retinal disease. Ophthalmological follow-up is essential in the neonatal period and such a programme is recommended.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Academic Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden. gerd.holmstrom@ogon.uas.lul.se
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Holmström
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Thorén
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000869:Anterior Eye Segment / Q000473:pathology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005128:Eye Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D005133:Eye Movements; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007184:Incontinentia Pigmenti / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology; D007223:Infant; D008875:Middle Aged; D012029:Refraction, Ocular; D012160:Retina / Q000473:pathology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013548:Sweden / Q000453:epidemiology; D014792:Visual Acuity