title: Toxicity of insecticides for control of freshwater Culex annulirostris (Diptera: Culicidae) to the nontarget shrimp, Caradina indistincta (Decapoda: Atyidae).
abstract: Laboratory evaluations were conducted in southeastern Queensland, Australia, to determine the toxicities of two organophosphate compounds (temephos and pirimiphos-methyl), an insect growth regulator (s-methoprene), and an entomopathogenic bacterium (Bacillus thuringiensis variety israelensis de Barjac [B.t.i.]) to Culex annulirostris (Skuse), an Australian freshwater mosquito vector of arboviruses, and to Caradina indistincta Calman, a co-habiting nontarget shrimp species. S-methoprene and B.t.i. were safest for Cx. annulirostris control with lethal dose ratios (LC95 nontarget/LC95 target) of 3,300 and 846,000, respectively. In contrast, lethal dose ratios for temephos and pirimiphos-methyl were 0.05 and 0.00005, respectively, suggesting that they are environmentally unsuitable. Based on their high lethal dose ratios, s-methoprene and B.t.i. are recommended for control of larval Cx. annulirostris in Australian freshwater habitats.
authors.affiliation: Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Australia.
authors.forename: M D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: T M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Watson
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Green
authors.forename: J G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Greenwood
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Purdie
authors.forename: B H
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Kay
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001681:Biological Assay; D003465:Culex; D033364:Decapoda; D005618:Fresh Water; D007306:Insecticides; D009032:Mosquito Control / Q000379:methods*; D009946:Organothiophosphorus Compounds; D000002:Temefos
chemical_list: D007306:Insecticides; D009946:Organothiophosphorus Compounds; C014153:pirimiphos methyl; D000002:Temefos