title: Photochemical inactivation of bacteria and HIV in buffy-coat-derived platelet concentrates under conditions that preserve in vitro platelet function.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A photochemical process has been tested for the inactivation of viruses and bacteria in buffy-coat derived platelet concentrates (BC PCs).
  
  
  METHODS
  BC PCs in 35% CPD plasma and 65% platelet-additive solution (PAS III) were exposed to photochemical treatment (PCT) with 150 microM of the psoralen S-59 and a 3 J/cm(2) treatment with long-wavelength ultraviolet light (UVA, 320-400 nm). Platelet function was evaluated following PCT using a panel of in vitro assays.
  
  
  RESULTS
  This PCT process was highly effective at inactivating gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis) and gram-negative bacteria (Enterobacter aerogenes, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Serratia marcescens). No viable bacteria were detected following PCT and 7 days of platelet storage while bacterial growth was detected in paired untreated control BC PCs. Complete inactivation of the gram-positive Bacillus cereus was achieved only in one of two replicate experiments with BC PCs. PCT was also highly effective for inactivation of human immunodeficiency virus HIV-1 in BC PCs inoculated with approximately 10(6) tissue culture infectious doses per milliliter (TCID(50)/ml) of cell-associated HIV-1. Rapid inactivation was observed with increasing UVA doses: with 150 microM S-59 and a 1 J/cm(2) treatment of UVA, a reduction of 5.6+/-0.5 log TCID(50)/ml was achieved, and a reduction of >6.4 log TCID(50)/ml was achieved with 150 microM S-59 and a 3 J/cm(2) treatment of UVA. No physiologically relevant differences in platelet functions were found between the test and the control BC PCs during 7 days of storage.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PCT with 150 microM S-59 and a 3 J/cm(2) UVA treatment does not adversely affect in vitro properties of BC PCs stored at 22 degrees C for 7 days. The PCT process inactivated bacteria and HIV-1 inoculated into the BC PCs. These results extend the earlier reported efficacy of PCT apheresis PCs to BC PCs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden. Folke.Knutson@KlinImm.uu.se
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Knutson
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Alfonso
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Dupuis
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Mayaudon
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Corash
authors.forename: C F
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Högman
mesh_terms: D001419:Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development / Q000528:radiation effects*; D001792:Blood Platelets / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000528:radiation effects; D001793:Blood Preservation / Q000379:methods; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000378:metabolism; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques; D005363:Ficusin / Q000494:pharmacology; D006019:Glycolysis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D006678:HIV / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development / Q000528:radiation effects*; D016655:HIV Core Protein p24 / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D010100:Oxygen / Q000378:metabolism; D010782:Photolysis; D017319:Photosensitizing Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D013997:Time Factors; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays; D014775:Virus Activation / Q000528:radiation effects
chemical_list: D016655:HIV Core Protein p24; D017319:Photosensitizing Agents; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D005363:Ficusin; D010100:Oxygen