title: Genes involved in the determination of the rate of inversions at short inverted repeats.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Not all of the enzymatic pathways involved in genetic rearrangements have been elucidated. While some rearrangements occur by recombination at areas of high homology, others are mediated by short, often interrupted homologies. We have previously constructed an Escherichia coli strain that allows us to examine inversions at microhomologies, and have shown that inversions can occur at short inverted repeats in a recB,C-dependent fashion.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Here, we report on the use of this strain to define genetic loci involved in limiting rearrangements on an F' plasmid carrying the lac genes. Employing mini-Tn10 derivatives to generate insertions near or into genes of interest, we detected three loci (rmuA,B,C) that, when mutated, increase inversions. We have mapped, cloned and sequenced these mutator loci. In one case, inactivation of the sbcC gene leads to an increase in rearrangements, and in another, insertions near the recE gene lead to an even larger increase. The third gene involved in limiting inversions, rmuC, has been mapped at 86 min on the E. coli chromosome and encodes a protein of unknown function with a limited homology to myosins, and some of the SMC (structural maintenance of chromosomes) proteins.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This work presents the first example of an anti-mutator role of the sbcC,D genes, and defines a new gene (rmuC) involved in DNA recombination.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics and the Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA.
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Slupska
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Chiang
authors.forename: W M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Luther
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Stewart
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Amii
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Conrad
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Miller
mesh_terms: D007446:Chromosome Inversion; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D004252:DNA Mutational Analysis; D004251:DNA Transposable Elements; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics*; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000235:genetics*; D029968:Escherichia coli Proteins; D005090:Exodeoxyribonucleases / Q000235:genetics; D005798:Genes, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D005809:Genes, Regulator / Q000235:genetics*; D007763:Lac Operon / Q000235:genetics; D016254:Mutagenesis, Insertional; D020161:Physical Chromosome Mapping; D010957:Plasmids / Q000235:genetics; D011995:Recombination, Genetic; D012091:Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D004251:DNA Transposable Elements; D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D029968:Escherichia coli Proteins; D005090:Exodeoxyribonucleases; C038225:recE protein, E coli