title: Oxcarbazepine add-on for drug-resistant partial epilepsy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Most people with epilepsy have a good prognosis and their seizures can be well controlled with the use of a single antiepileptic drug, but up to 30 % develop refractory epilepsy, especially those with partial seizures. In this review we summarise the current evidence regarding oxcarbazepine when used as an add-on treatment for drug-resistant partial epilepsy.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effects of oxcarbazepine when used as an add-on treatment for drug-resistant partial epilepsy.
  
  
  METHODS
  We searched the Cochrane Epilepsy Group's trials register, the Cochrane Controlled Trials Register (Cochrane Library Issue 1, 2000), MEDLINE (January 1966 to December 1999) and reference lists of articles. We also contacted Novartis (manufacturers of oxcarbazepine) and experts in the field.
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, add-on trials of oxcarbazepine in patients with drug-resistant partial epilepsy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two reviewers independently assessed trials for inclusion and extracted the relevant data. The following outcomes were assessed : (a) 50 % or greater reduction in seizure frequency; (b) treatment withdrawal (any reason); (c) side effects. Primary analyses were intention to treat. Summary odds ratios were estimated for each outcome.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall Odds Ratio (OR) (95 % Confidence Interval (CIs)) for 50 % or greater reduction in seizure frequency compared to placebo 2.96 (2.20,4.00). Treatment withdrawal OR (95 % CIs) compared to placebo 2.17 (1.59,2.97). Side effects: OR (99 % CIs) compared to placebo, ataxia 2.93(1.72,4.99); dizziness 3.05 (1.99, 4. 67); fatigue 1.80 (1.02, 3.19); nausea 2.88 (1.77, 4.69); somnolence 2.55 (1.84, 3.55); diplopia 4.32 (2.65, 7.04), were significantly associated with oxcarbazepine.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Oxcarbazepine has efficacy as an add-on treatment in patients with drug-resistant partial epilepsy, both in adults and children. However, trials reviewed were of relatively short duration, and provide no evidence about the long term effects of oxcarbazepine. Results cannot be extrapolated to monotherapy or to patients with other epilepsy types.
authors.affiliation: University Department of Neurological Science, 2nd floor - Clinical Science Centre for Research & Education, Lower Lane, Liverpool, Merseyside, UK, L9 7LJ. castillochile@yahoo.com
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Castillo
authors.forename: D B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Schmidt
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: White
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000927:Anticonvulsants / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002220:Carbamazepine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002648:Child; D004351:Drug Resistance; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D004828:Epilepsies, Partial / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D000078330:Oxcarbazepine; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
chemical_list: D000927:Anticonvulsants; D002220:Carbamazepine; D000078330:Oxcarbazepine