title: Where am I looking? The accuracy of video-mediated gaze awareness.
abstract: Participants worked in pairs, with one person gazing at a flat horizontal stimulus between them. The other participant estimated where the gazer was looking. Experiment 1 used linear scales as gaze targets. The mean root mean square error of estimation equates to 3.8 degrees of head-and-eye pan and 2.6 degrees of tilt. This small error of estimation was essentially the same in a video-mediated condition and in one in which a procedure that did not allow the estimator to see the head-and-eye movement to the target position was used. Experiment 2 obtained comparable gaze estimation performance in face-to-face and video-mediated conditions, using a combined pan-and-tilt grid. It is concluded that people are very good at estimating what someone else is looking at and that such estimations should be practical during video-mediated conversation.
authors.affiliation: University of York, England.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gale
authors.forename: A F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Monk
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001364:Awareness; D004193:Discrimination Learning; D006801:Humans; D007600:Judgment; D009633:Nonverbal Communication; D012931:Social Environment; D014796:Visual Perception