title: Reproducibility of volumetric macular measurements in diabetic patients with the Heidelberg Retina Tomograph.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To quantify diabetic macular edema by confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopy and assess its usefulness by determining the reproducibility of topographic measurements at the macula.
  
  
  METHODS
  The volumes above reference plane bound by a 2 mm diameter circle centred on the fovea were measured by two observers. The reference plane was adjusted to the lowest point of the height variation of the contour line. The reproducibility of this technique was assessed in 20 eyes of 20 diabetic patients of which 8 eyes had macular edema. Three HRT scans of each eye were obtained. The measurements of volume above reference plane of each scan were repeated three times.
  
  
  RESULTS
  For all diabetic eyes, the intra scan coefficients of variability measured 14.71% to 21.21%, the inter scan coefficient of variability was 30.46%. The average standard deviations were 0.053 mm3 for one examination per scan, 0.047 mm3 for two examinations per scan and 0.044 mm3 for three examinations per scan. Linear regression demonstrated an increase in standard deviation with greater volumetric measurements (p < 0.001). We found good correlation (r = 0.959, p < 0.001) and strong agreement between the two observer's findings for all 20 eyes. For the 8 eyes with macular edema, the coefficients of variability were similar to those calculated for all 20 eyes. The average SD for one examination per scan were 0.078 mm3, 0.069 mm3 for two examinations per scan and 0.062 mm3 for three examinations per scan. We found good correlation (r = 0.945, p < 0.001) and strong agreement between the two observer's findings in eyes with edema.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The reproducibility of this technique has been demonstrated in diabetic eyes. This may have useful clinical applications for the quantification of diabetic macular edema and monitoring of laser therapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Queen's Medical Centre, University Hospital, Nottingham, UK.
authors.forename: H J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Zambarakji
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Vernon
authors.forename: A F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Spencer
authors.forename: W M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Amoaku
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003930:Diabetic Retinopathy / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007834:Lasers; D008266:Macula Lutea / Q000473:pathology*; D008269:Macular Edema / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D015588:Observer Variation; D009887:Ophthalmoscopy / Q000379:methods; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D014054:Tomography / Q000379:methods*