title: Activation of glial cells by human coronavirus OC43 infection.
abstract: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an immune-mediated demyelinating disease that could be triggered by a viral infection. Coronaviruses induce an MS-like disease in rodents, are neuroinvasive in humans and can infect primary cultures of human astrocytes and microglia. Infection of the human astrocytic cell line U-373MG by the OC43 strain of human coronavirus caused an upregulation of IL-6, TNF-alpha, and MCP-1 mRNA expression. This virus also modulated the activity of matrix metalloproteinases-2 and -9 and augmented nitric oxide production in both U-373MG cells and the human microglial cell line CHME-5. Thus, a coronaviral infection of glial cells could lead to the production of inflammatory molecules that have been associated with central nervous system pathologies such as MS.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Neuroimmunovirology, Human Health Research Center, INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, Université du Québec, 531 Boulevard des Prairies, Québec, H7V 1B7, Laval, Canada.
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Edwards
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Denis
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Talbot
mesh_terms: D001253:Astrocytes / Q000201:enzymology / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000821:virology; D002460:Cell Line; D018932:Chemokine CCL2 / Q000235:genetics; D017934:Coronavirus / Q000502:physiology*; D028962:Coronavirus OC43, Human; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006801:Humans; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000235:genetics; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 / Q000378:metabolism; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / Q000378:metabolism; D017628:Microglia / Q000201:enzymology / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000821:virology; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000821:virology; D009457:Neuroglia / Q000201:enzymology / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000821:virology*; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000235:genetics; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D018932:Chemokine CCL2; D015850:Interleukin-6; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9