title: Progesterone increases mRNA levels of pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) and type I PACAP receptor (PAC(1)) in the rat hypothalamus.
abstract: Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) regulates pituitary hormone biosynthesis and secretion through its cognate receptors. PACAP also plays an important role in the regulation of ovarian steroid biosynthesis. If so, there might be a feedback regulation of hypothalamic PACAP synthesis by the pituitary and by ovarian steroids. In the present study, we used RNase protection assays to determine changes in mRNA levels of PACAP and type I PACAP receptor (PAC(1)) under the conditions of ovariectomy and replacement with ovarian steroids. Progesterone (P) alone or in combination with estradiol (E) induced significant increases in PACAP mRNA level in the medial basal hypothalamus (MBH) and PAC(1) mRNA levels in MBH and the preoptic area (POA). This finding suggests that feedback regulation takes place between the ovary and hypothalamic PACAP neurons. P is known to be a major regulatory feedback factor for hypothalamic luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) neurons, but P receptor is not present in these neurons. Therefore, we examined a possible involvement of PACAP in the feedback regulatory pathway of P to LHRH neurons. After an antisense PAC(1) oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN) was i.c.v.-injected into the third ventricle of E and P-treated rats, LHRH mRNA levels were determined. The ODN markedly decreased the P-induced increase in the LHRH mRNA level. Taken together, the present data suggest that PACAP may play a role as a mediator in the regulation of LHRH synthetic machinery by stimulatory feedback of P.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 680-749, South Korea.
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Ha
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.forename: E J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: W S
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: S Y
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Chun
authors.forename: H B
authors.initials: HB
authors.lastname: Kwon
authors.forename: B J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016375:Antisense Elements (Genetics); D001923:Brain Chemistry / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D005246:Feedback / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D007987:Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone / Q000235:genetics; D007033:Hypothalamus, Middle / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology*; D007276:Injections, Intraventricular; D009474:Neurons / Q000737:chemistry / Q000502:physiology; D009479:Neuropeptides / Q000235:genetics*; D010052:Ovariectomy; D051219:Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide; D010903:Pituitary Gland, Anterior / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology*; D011301:Preoptic Area / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology; D011374:Progesterone / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D051236:Receptors, Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide; D051237:Receptors, Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide, Type I; D011979:Receptors, Pituitary Hormone / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: C495403:Adcyap1 protein, rat; D016375:Antisense Elements (Genetics); D009479:Neuropeptides; D051219:Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D051236:Receptors, Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide; D051237:Receptors, Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide, Type I; D011979:Receptors, Pituitary Hormone; D007987:Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone; D011374:Progesterone