Perceived HIV-related sexual risks and prevention practices of African American women in the southeastern United States.
African American women in the southeastern United States constitute the fastest growing segment of those infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Little data exist about the relationships between HIV infection risks and preventive practices. In this article, we describe a focus group investigation of how HIV-related sexual risks are perceived by 19 heterosexual African American women, ages 18 to 44. Data were analyzed and interpreted using content analysis, where key ideas, words, and phrases were grouped based on their relation to the purpose of the study. Four themes were revealed: "a man will be a man," inconsistent and/or no condom use, safe relationships, and racism and discrimination. Perceived safety within relationships mediated both perceptions of HIV-related risks and sexual practices. In light of beliefs about the riskiness of sex with high-risk partners, fear of HIV, and the importance of self love in minimizing HIV infection risks, the women continued to practice unsafe sexual behaviors. Results indicate that women perceive themselves as victims in society and that this perception limits their propensity to take action to protect themselves from HIV. Successful HIV infection prevention interventions need to address negative social and economic factors that define the context of many women's lives.
Timmons
S M
SM
College of Nursing, University of South Carolina, Columbia, USA. stimmons1@aol.com
Sowell
R L
RL
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001741:Black or African American / Q000193:education* / Q000523:psychology*; D001294:Attitude to Health / Q000208:ethnology*; D017280:Condoms; D005260:Female; D017144:Focus Groups; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015404:Nursing Methodology Research; D011287:Prejudice; D012307:Risk Factors; D012309:Risk-Taking; D012725:Sexual Behavior / Q000208:ethnology*; D013022:South Carolina / Q000453:epidemiology