title: Importance of generativity for healthy aging in older women.
abstract: This article reviewed increasing evidence that remaining physically, cognitively, or socially active confers health benefits by delaying or preventing the onset of disease and disability in older adults. The desire to be generative, or to make a difference, has long been considered an important developmental objective in later years in order to give meaning to one's life, and may provide the necessary impetus for older women to initiate and maintain health-promoting activities. Because the prevalence of disability is greatest in older women, it is critical to find ways to maximize their opportunities for generative activity to promote healthier life-styles. Unfortunately, those who stand to gain most from the promotion of generative roles face many limiting factors, including low education, financial dependence and poverty, primary care-taking responsibilities, social isolation, and low self-efficacy. These obstacles may be too difficult and pervasive for an individual to overcome by oneself. Rather, these challenges need to be addressed through progressive changes in social programs that acknowledge the contributions that older adults can make in later years. Decreasing the structural lag between current social and demographic realities of older women's roles with increasing age will become ever more critical as a growing proportion of older women and men transition from a job outside the home to retirement.
authors.affiliation: Department of Mental Hygiene, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland, USA. mcarlson@jhsph.edu
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Carlson
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Seeman
authors.forename: L P
authors.initials: LP
authors.lastname: Fried
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology* / Q000523:psychology*; D003071:Cognition; D015444:Exercise; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D007398:Interpersonal Relations; D008297:Male