title: A management strategy for vocal process granulomas.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Review the roles of aggressive gastroesophageal reflux management and speech therapy in the treatment of patients with vocal process granulomas. Describe and assess our investigation and management protocol.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective review of 55 patients with 61 vocal granulomas treated according to a standard protocol at the Sydney Voice Clinic. Comparison with previous published series and review of the relevant literature pertaining to granulomas and to reflux. Description of laryngopharyngeal reflux grading, investigative modalities, and treatment regimen.
  
  
  METHODS
  Case notes were reviewed and tabulated for age, sex, diagnosis, predisposing factors for granuloma formation, grade of laryngopharyngeal reflux, investigations, treatment, resolution, and recurrence. All patients were followed up for at least 12 months after resolution.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fourteen of the 61 granulomas occurred after intubation. Ten patients were professional voice users. Our assessment of the 55 granuloma patients revealed an incidence of 76% of gastroesophageal reflux disease in patients with and without known vocal fold trauma. There was a 50% recurrence rate following surgical excision. However, aggressive antireflux therapy, lifestyle modifications, and adjuvant speech therapy were successful in achieving resolution of most of the granulomas and preventing recurrence. In four patients, antireflux surgery was required and total resolution of the granulomas followed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Vocal process granulomas have perplexed laryngologists with their indeterminate pathogenesis and tendency to recur. Multiple surgical excisions and a variety of combined medical regimens have been used to treat granulomas with variable success. Recurrence after excision commonly occurs as the underlying causative factors have not been appropriately managed and may re-establish the chronic inflammatory process. We found acid reflux to be a common factor in the majority of our patients with granulomas. Therefore treatment should focus on managing both reflux and any functional voice disease or disorder. The only indications for laryngeal surgery are to resolve diagnostic doubt or to treat acute airway compromise. Based on results, we suggest an algorithm for the investigation and management of vocal process granulomas founded on appropriate antireflux and speech therapy.
authors.affiliation: Sydney Voice Clinic, Australia.
authors.forename: T E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Havas
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Priestley
authors.forename: D S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Lowinger
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000465:Algorithms; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005764:Gastroesophageal Reflux / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy; D006099:Granuloma / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D007818:Laryngeal Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D055502:Secondary Prevention; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014827:Vocal Cords