The Simon effect and its reversal in three-choice Hedge and Marsh tasks: evidence for irrelevant stimulus-response compatibility and stimulus congruity.
In 2-choice A. Hedge and N. W. A. Marsh (1975) tasks or S. Kornblum's (1992) Type-5 ensembles, irrelevant stimulus-response compatibility (SRC), logical recoding, display control arrangement correspondence (DCC), and stimulus congruity are confounded. By using 3 response alternatives and both compatible and incompatible stimulus-response mappings, irrelevant SRC was pitted against logical recoding and both of them were disentangled from DCC and stimulus congruity. By varying response labels on a trial-by-trial basis and using different stimuli and responses, DCC and stimulus congruity were decoupled. Results from 4 experiments showed that neither logical recoding nor DCC contributes to the Simon effect and its reversal. Irrelevant SRC and stimulus congruity are necessary but neither is sufficient to account for the Simon effect and its reversal. A connectionist model of compatibility incorporating both irrelevant SRC and stimulus congruity appears to account for the results.
Zhang
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Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Indiana University Kokomo, 46904-9003, USA. hzhang@iuk.edu
D002755:Choice Behavior / Q000502:physiology*; D003214:Conditioning, Classical; D005260:Female; D005403:Fixation, Ocular / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011930:Reaction Time