title: Plasma VEGF and soluble VEGF receptor FLT-1 in proliferative retinopathy: relationship to endothelial dysfunction and laser treatment.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study plasma levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF, an index of angiogenesis), its soluble receptor (sFlt-1) and von Willebrand factor (vWf, an index of endothelial damage or dysfunction) in patients with proliferative retinopathy and corresponding changes in plasma levels after pan-retinal photocoagulation (PRP).
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighteen patients (10 men; age, 57+/-16 years, mean +/- SD) with proliferative retinopathy secondary to diabetes (n = 13) and ischemic retinal vein occlusion (n = 5) with no previous PRP therapy were studied. Blood samples were obtained before and at 4 months after the last PRP session. Baseline (prelaser) plasma levels of VEGF, sFlt-1, and vWf (all by ELISA) were compared with levels in 16 diabetic patients with background retinopathy ("hospital controls"), and 18 healthy, age- and sex-matched "healthy controls."
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients with proliferative retinopathy had significantly raised plasma VEGF when compared with both control groups (P = 0.001). Patients with proliferative retinopathy and hospital controls had significantly raised plasma vWf levels when compared with healthy controls (P = 0.012). There was no difference in sFlt-1 levels between patients and controls (P = 0.162). After PRP, there was a significant reduction in plasma VEGF levels at 4 months' follow-up (P < 0.001), but no significant changes in plasma sFlt-1 or vWf levels. Patients with complete resolution of neovascularization had a trend toward lower median VEGF levels (80 versus 150 pg/ml, P = 0.062), but vWf levels (P = 0.50) and sFlt-1 (P = 0.479) were not statistically different. Baseline VEGF and sFlt-1 levels were significantly correlated (Spearman r = 0.505, P = 0.032) but after PRP at 4 months' follow-up, this was no longer significant (r = -0.269, P = 0.28).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this pilot study, patients with proliferative retinopathy demonstrate elevated peripheral markers of angiogenesis and endothelial dysfunction, suggesting a role for these processes in the pathogenesis of this condition. A fall in levels of VEGF after successful laser treatment may provide an opportunity for monitoring disease progression or relapse via a blood sample.
authors.affiliation: Haemostasis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology Unit, University Department of Medicine, Birmingham and Midland Eye Centre, City Hospital, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: P L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Lip
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Belgore
authors.forename: A D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Blann
authors.forename: M W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Hope-Ross
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Gibson
authors.forename: G Y
authors.initials: GY
authors.lastname: Lip
mesh_terms: D048909:Diabetes Complications; D003930:Diabetic Retinopathy / Q000097:blood* / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery; D016228:Endothelial Growth Factors / Q000097:blood*; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000473:pathology*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D017075:Laser Coagulation; D008222:Lymphokines / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000097:blood*; D020794:Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000097:blood*; D017978:Receptors, Growth Factor / Q000097:blood*; D015861:Retinal Neovascularization / Q000097:blood* / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery; D012170:Retinal Vein Occlusion / Q000150:complications; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D040281:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-1; D042442:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors; D014841:von Willebrand Factor / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D016228:Endothelial Growth Factors; D008222:Lymphokines; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D017978:Receptors, Growth Factor; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D042442:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors; D014841:von Willebrand Factor; D020794:Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; D040281:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-1