title: Streptococcus pneumoniae induces secretion of vascular endothelial growth factor by human neutrophils.
abstract: Infection by pneumococci causes an acute inflammatory response associated with neutrophil influx, increased vascular permeability, and edema. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is one of the most potent regulators of endothelial permeability. In vitro stimulation of neutrophils showed that pneumococci and purified pneumococcal cell wall induce VEGF secretion, independent of the presence of pneumolysin or polysaccharide capsule. The results of this study indicate VEGF is secreted in pneumococcal disease, suggesting a role as a mediator of increased vascular permeability.
authors.affiliation: Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: van Der Flier
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Coenjaerts
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Kimpen
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Hoepelman
authors.forename: S P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Geelen
mesh_terms: D016667:Bacterial Capsules / Q000276:immunology; D002199:Capillary Permeability; D016228:Endothelial Growth Factors / Q000378:metabolism*; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular; D006801:Humans; D008222:Lymphokines / Q000378:metabolism*; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000276:immunology*; D013296:Streptococcus pneumoniae / Q000276:immunology*; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D042442:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors
chemical_list: D016228:Endothelial Growth Factors; D008222:Lymphokines; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D042442:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors