title: Nuclear receptors are involved in the enhanced IL-6 production by melatonin in U937 cells.
abstract: This report shows that melatonin enhances IL-6 production by U937 cells via a nuclear receptor-mediated mechanism. Resting U937 cells only express membrane (mt1) melatonin receptors. In these cells, melatonin did not modify basal production of IL-6 or when activated by PMA plus lipopolysaccharide, a treatment that downregulates the expression of mt1 receptor. However, in U937 cells activated with IFN-gamma, which induces the expression of the ROR alpha 1 and ROR alpha 2 nuclear receptors and represses the expression of the mt1 receptor, melatonin can activate IL-6 production. These results show that the expression of nuclear melatonin receptor but not membrane receptors is sufficient for melatonin to activate cytokine production in human lymphocytic and monocytic cell lines.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Biochemistry, The University of Seville School of Medicine, Seville, Spain. guerrero@cica.es
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Guerrero
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Pozo
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: García-Mauriño
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Carrillo
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Osuna
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Molinero
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Calvo
mesh_terms: D015536:Down-Regulation; D004357:Drug Synergism; D006801:Humans; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000494:pharmacology; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology; D008550:Melatonin / Q000378:metabolism*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D020794:Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; D057050:Receptor Tyrosine Kinase-like Orphan Receptors; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D044094:Receptors, Melatonin; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate / Q000494:pharmacology; D020298:U937 Cells
chemical_list: D015850:Interleukin-6; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear; D044094:Receptors, Melatonin; D007371:Interferon-gamma; C078716:ROR1 protein, human; C078717:ROR2 protein, human; D020794:Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; D057050:Receptor Tyrosine Kinase-like Orphan Receptors; D008550:Melatonin; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate