title: Surgical approaches and ancillary techniques for internal fixation of intracapsular proximal femoral fractures.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In fixation of intracapsular hip fractures, different implants, surgical approaches and ancillary manoeuvres have been employed to improve the reduction, and the stability of the reconstruction, in an attempt to reduce the frequency of non-union and aseptic necrosis of the femoral head.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To compare alternative surgical approaches and ancillary techniques in internal fixation of intracapsular hip fractures which have been subjected to randomised trials in elderly people.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Cochrane Musculoskeletal Injuries Group trials register, Medline, and reference lists of relevant articles were searched. Date of the most recent search: June 1998.
  
  
  METHODS
  All randomised and quasi-randomised trials investigating operative technique for the treatment of intracapsular hip fractures.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two reviewers independently assessed trial quality, by use of a ten-item checklist, and extracted data.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One study of 94 patients studied the effect of impaction of the fracture at the time of surgery. The only outcome measure was bone scintimetry. There was no difference in scintimetry for the 29 undisplaced fractures but in displaced fractures treated with impaction the scintimetry appearances were significantly reduced implying a reduction of blood flow to the femoral head. One study of 220 patients compared the results of fractures treated with compression against those without compression. Results for 156 patients at one year showed a tendency to a lower incidence of non-union for those fractures treated without compression. One study of 49 patients noted a tendency to a reduced mortality for closed reduction of the fracture as opposed to open reduction. Non-union of the fracture was more common after closed reduction.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Insufficient evidence exists from randomised trials to confirm the benefits of open or closed reduction or for intra-operative impaction or compression of an intracapsular fracture treated by internal fixation.
authors.affiliation: Orthopaedic Department, Peterborough District Hospital, Thorpe Road, Peterborough, Cambridgeshire, UK, PE3 6DA. mjparker@globalnet.co.uk
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Parker
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Dynan
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D005593:Fracture Fixation, Internal / Q000379:methods*; D006620:Hip Fractures / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D016896:Treatment Outcome