title: Serum immunoglobulin levels in paediatric patients with pneumonia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine levels of serum immunoglobulins IgG, IgM and IgA in patients admitted with pneumonia to Harare Central Hospital paediatric wards.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross sectional pilot study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Harare Central Hospital, Department of Immunology, University of Zimbabwe; Department of Paediatrics, University of Zimbabwe; Immunology Laboratory, University of Utrecht (The Netherlands).
  
  
  METHODS
  71 paediatric patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Immunoglobulin profiles for children with pneumonia.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 71 children tested, 43 had high IgG levels of between two and half and five times the upper end of the normal age-matched reference range. While the same 43 children with high IgG had similarly elevated levels of IgM, only 25 of them had elevated IgA levels. Of this group of 43 children with hypergammaglobulinaemia, all but one, had antibodies to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), 50% of whom had detectable levels of p24 antigen in their sera. A small minority, 4% of the 71 patients, had very low levels of total immunogloblins.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  High levels of total immunoglobulins occur frequently in children with pneumonia and are associated with the presence of HIV 1/2 antibodies and also p24 antigen.
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, University of Zimbabwe Medical School, Avondale, Harare, Zimbabwe.
authors.forename: L R
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Mazengera
authors.forename: K J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Nathoo
authors.forename: B J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Zegers
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D006679:HIV Seropositivity / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007070:Immunoglobulin A / Q000097:blood*; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000097:blood*; D007075:Immunoglobulin M / Q000097:blood*; D007223:Infant; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011014:Pneumonia / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000276:immunology* / Q000821:virology; D015030:Zimbabwe / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D007070:Immunoglobulin A; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D007075:Immunoglobulin M