title: IL-18 activates STAT3 in the natural killer cell line 92, augments cytotoxic activity, and mediates IFN-gamma production by the stress kinase p38 and by the extracellular regulated kinases p44erk-1 and p42erk-21.
abstract: IL-18 is a regulator of NK cell function which utilizes the serine-threonine IL-1R-associated kinase signal transduction pathway and may activate additional not yet characterized signaling pathways. Here we evaluated IL-18-mediated signal transduction using the human NK cell line NK92 as a model. NK92 cells were shown by RT-PCR to express all three IL-18 receptor chains (IL-18R, accessory protein-like chain, IL-18-binding protein). Stimulation by IL-18 strongly enhanced tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT3 and of the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) p44erk-1and p42erk-2. In contrast, STAT5 was not activated. The cytolytic activity of NK92 against K562 target cells, which was augmented in a dose-dependent manner by IL-18 in the presence of trace amounts of IL-2, was suppressed by the specific inhibitors of MAPK pathways (PD098059 and SB203580). Similarly, the stimulatory effect of IL-18 on IFN-gamma protein production, given in conjunction with IL-2, was counteracted by inhibition of MAPK. IL-18 alone failed to stimulate IFN-gamma protein production despite inducing expression of IFN-gamma mRNA. IL-2 alone stimulated neither IFN-gamma mRNA expression nor IFN-gamma protein production. IL-18 did not stimulate proliferation of NK92 cells, either alone or in combination with IL-2 or IL-12. Inhibition of the MAPK pathway did not significantly alter the IL-2- and IL-12-induced proliferation of NK92 cells, whereas the Janus kinase/STAT pathway inhibitor AG490 strongly suppressed proliferation. MAPK activation appears to play a prominent role in IL-18 signaling, being involved in transcription and translation of IL-18-induced IFN-gamma mRNA and IL-18-induced cytolytic effects. In contrast, proliferation of NK92 cells is not affected by MAPK p44erk-1 and p42erk-2.
authors.affiliation: Department of Hematology, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University Hospital, Frankfurt/Main, Germany. Kalina@em.uni-frankfurt.de
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Kalina
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kauschat
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Koyama
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nuernberger
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ballas
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Koschmieder
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bug
authors.forename: W K
authors.initials: WK
authors.lastname: Hofmann
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hoelzer
authors.forename: O G
authors.initials: OG
authors.lastname: Ottmann
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000502:physiology*; D002460:Cell Line / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D003602:Cytotoxicity, Immunologic / Q000276:immunology*; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D020382:Interleukin-18 / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000502:physiology*; D007694:Killer Cells, Natural / Q000201:enzymology / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation / Q000276:immunology; D020935:MAP Kinase Signaling System / Q000276:immunology; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000502:physiology*; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000502:physiology*; D011485:Protein Binding / Q000276:immunology; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis; D050796:STAT3 Transcription Factor; D015534:Trans-Activators / Q000378:metabolism*; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000276:immunology; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D020382:Interleukin-18; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D050796:STAT3 Transcription Factor; C494086:STAT3 protein, human; D015534:Trans-Activators; D007371:Interferon-gamma; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases