title: Accuracy of atlantoaxial transarticular screw insertion.
abstract: METHODS
  The accuracy and safety of atlantoaxial transarticular screw insertion were evaluated in clinical cases.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the accuracy and safety of atlantoaxial transarticular screw insertion under lateral fluoroscopic monitoring without opening the joint.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Atlantoaxial transarticular screw fixation has been reported to be biomechanically superior to posterior atlantoaxial wiring techniques. Several clinical series have been reported in the literature. In some reports, the risk of screw insertion in this technique has been pointed out.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-six consecutive patients with atlantoaxial instability were treated by transarticular screw fixation. One hundred twelve screw insertions in these 56 patients were assessed by surgical record and computed tomographic examination. One screw could not be inserted because of the difficulty of adequate placement during operation; 111 screws were therefore inserted. Adequate position was defined as when the screw perforated the lateral atlantoaxial joint.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In this series, neither vertebral artery injury nor spinal cord injury was experienced clinically. One guide wire was broken during drilling with a cannulated drill. Computed tomographic examination demonstrated that 106 screws perforated the atlantoaxial joint. Therefore, 95.5% of screws were adequately positioned. There were two screws positioned lateral to the joint, two medially, and one anteroinferiorly to the joint.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Atlantoaxial transarticular screw insertion using image intensifier without opening the lateral joint was performed safely, but not accurately, in all cases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka Prefectural Hospital, Osaka, Japan. Tfujiski@aol.com
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fuji
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Oda
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kato
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fujita
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tanaka
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001268:Atlanto-Axial Joint / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D001863:Bone Screws; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D005471:Fluoroscopy; D006801:Humans; D007593:Joint Instability / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009809:Odontoid Process / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery; D013118:Spinal Cord Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery; D013122:Spinal Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D013123:Spinal Fusion / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000295:instrumentation*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed