title: Enzyme, bacterial inoculant, and formic acid effects on silage composition of orchardgrass and alfalfa.
abstract: We evaluated the effects of cellulase (from Trichoderma longibrachiatum) application rates on neutral detergent fiber (NDF) concentration and fermentation products of orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) and alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) silages harvested with decreasing dry matter (DM) digestibility. Additionally, the impacts of inoculant (Lactobacillus plantarum and Pediococcus cerevisiae), pectinase (from Aspergillus niger), or formic acid on silage composition were studied. Forages wilted to a DM content of about 320 g/kg were ensiled in laboratory silos for 60 d. Cellulase, combined with inoculant, was applied at 2, 10, and 20 ml/kg of herbage (at least 2500 IU/ml). Cellulase at 10 ml/kg was also applied alone or in combination with pectinase and inoculant or formic acid. The NDF concentration of orchardgrass silage decreased with increasing cellulase up to 20 ml/kg, at which NDF content was decreased by 30%. The NDF concentration of alfalfa silage decreased with increasing cellulase application up to 10 ml/kg, at which NDF content was decreased by 13%. Immature plants were more responsive to cellulase treatment than mature plants. Cellulase at 2 ml/kg combined with inoculant improved fermentation characteristics of the silages but generally, there was no effect on silage fermentation by higher cellulase applications, resulting in an accumulation of sugar. The improved fermentation of orchardgrass treated with cellulase and inoculant was mostly related to the effect of inoculant, whereas cellulase alone improved fermentation characteristics of alfalfa silage and this effect was enhanced by addition of inoculant. Decreased NDF and increased sugar concentrations did not improve the in vitro DM digestibility of cellulase-treated silages.
authors.affiliation: Department of Agronomy, Iowa State University, Ames 50011, USA.
authors.forename: E M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Nadeau
authors.forename: D R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Buxton
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Russell
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Allison
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Young
mesh_terms: D001234:Aspergillus niger / Q000201:enzymology; D001419:Bacteria / Q000378:metabolism*; D002480:Cellulase / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004043:Dietary Fiber / Q000032:analysis; D004063:Digestion; D005285:Fermentation; D005561:Formates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D007778:Lactobacillus / Q000378:metabolism; D000455:Medicago sativa; D010376:Pediococcus / Q000378:metabolism; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D006109:Poaceae; D011096:Polygalacturonase / Q000494:pharmacology; D012820:Silage / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D004043:Dietary Fiber; D005561:Formates; D010940:Plant Proteins; C030544:formic acid; D019344:Lactic Acid; D011096:Polygalacturonase; D002480:Cellulase