title: Quantitative analysis of long-chain trans-monoenes originating from hydrogenated marine oil.
abstract: Gas chromatography (GC) is used for the analysis of trans-fatty acids in partially hydrogenated vegetable oils. Although trans-isomers of C18 carbon length predominate in partially hydrogenated vegetable oils, trans-isomers of C20 and C22 carbon length occur in partially hydrogenated fish oil. We report a simple silver ion chromatographic combined with capillary GC technique for quantitative analysis of trans-monoenes derived from partially hydrogenated fish oil. Silver nitrate thin-layer chromatographic (TLC) plates are developed in toluene/hexane (50:50, vol/vol). Fatty acid methyl esters are separated into saturates (Rf 0.79), trans-monoenes (Rf 0.49), cis-monoenes (Rf 0.27), dienes (Rf 0.10), and polyunsaturated fatty acids with three or more double bonds remaining at the origin. The isolated trans-monoenes are quantitatively analyzed by capillary GC. The technique of argentation TLC with GC analysis of isolated methyl esters is highly reproducible with 4.8% variation (i.e., coefficient of variation, CV%) in R. values and 4.3 and 6.9% CV% in quantification within batch and between batch, respectively. Furthermore, the combined technique revealed that direct GC analysis underestimated the trans-content of margarines by at least 30%. In this study, C20 and C22 trans-monoenes were found in relatively large quantities; 13.9% (range 10.3-19.6%) and 7.5% (range 5.3-11.5%), respectively, in margarine purchased in 1995, but these C20 and C22 trans-monoenes were much reduced (0.1%) in a fresh selection of margarine purchased in 1998. Compositional data from labels underestimated the trans-content of margarines, especially those derived from hydrogenated marine oil. Low levels of C20 transmonoenes (range 0.1-0.3%) and C22 trans-monoenes (range 0.0-0.1%) were identified in adipose tissue obtained from healthy volunteers in 1995, presumably indicating consumption of partially hydrogenated fish oil.
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Research Unit, University of Edinburgh, Scotland. R.Wilson@ed.ac.uk
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Lyall
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Payne
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Riemersma
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000737:chemistry; D000328:Adult; D002849:Chromatography, Gas; D002855:Chromatography, Thin Layer; D005395:Fish Oils / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D008383:Margarine / Q000032:analysis; D008875:Middle Aged; D012015:Reference Standards; D015203:Reproducibility of Results
chemical_list: D005395:Fish Oils; D008383:Margarine