title: Morphology of initial lesions of enamel treated with different commercial dentifrices using a pH cycling model: scanning electron microscopy observations.
abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the 'calcium fluoride-like reaction products' formed, both on the surface and in the subsurface caries-like lesions of enamel, from different commercial dentifrices manufactured locally from developed and developing countries. The experiment was conducted by using the in vitro single-section technique under the pH-cycling system used for 10 days. The tested dentifrices include; Maxam DFP Maxam Tartar Controls, First, Tianqui Medicated (China); Vicco Vajradenti (India); Colgate MFP2. Crest Tartar Control (USA); and a non-fluoride dentifrice, Jie Yin (China) used as control. The surface and subsurface of the lesions, before and after treatment, were examined using scanning electron microscopy. Varying degrees of fine globular patterns of calcium fluoride-like material were observed on the enamel surfaces of five out of eight groups and in the subsurface of four groups. Two treatment groups showed a 'similar appearance' compared with the control and untreated groups. This study suggests and supports that, when compared with 'multinational dentifrices', some Chinese and Indian dentifrices manufactured locally failed to induce the typical morphological appearance of globules as seen with fluoride dentifrices.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Dentistry, University of Hong Kong, Prince Philip Dental Hospital, Sai Ying Pun, Hong Kong.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Itthagarun
authors.forename: S H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Wefel
mesh_terms: D002124:Calcium Fluoride / Q000737:chemistry; D002327:Cariostatic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002681:China; D003743:Dental Enamel / Q000187:drug effects / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D003802:Dentifrices / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D019049:Developed Countries; D003906:Developing Countries; D005459:Fluorides / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007194:India; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D017001:Tooth Demineralization / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D014481:United States
chemical_list: D002327:Cariostatic Agents; D003802:Dentifrices; D002124:Calcium Fluoride; D005459:Fluorides