title: [Antibacterial drug resistance of gram-negative agents causing urinary infections in female outpatients in Russia: results of multicenter study].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the spectrum of gram-negative agents causing acute and recurrent cystitis in outpatients and sensitivity of uropathogenic E. coli to antibacterial drugs; to compare drug resistance of uropathogenic E. coli isolated in Russia and other countries.
  
  
  METHODS
  The spectrum of gram-negative bacteria was identified in 299 cases of acute and recurrent cystitis in Moscow, Smolensk and Novosibirsk. 271 E. coli uropathogenic strains were examined according to CA-SFM and NCCLS criteria for sensitivity to ampicilline, gentamycin, trimetoprim, co-trimoxasol, nitrofurantoine, nalidixic acid, pipemidine acid, norfloxacine, ciprofloxacine, nitroxoline.
  
  
  RESULTS
  E. coli, K. pneumoniae, K. oxytoca, P. mirabilis, P. vulgaris caused acute and recurrent cystitis in 90.6, 6.4, 1, 1.7, 0.3% of the examinees, respectively. For Moscow relative agents were: E. coli (80.8%), K. pneumoniae (13.1%), K. oxytoca (2.3%), P. mirabilis (3.1%), P. vulgaris (0.7%). In Smolensk E. coli, K. pneumoniae, P. mirabilis were isolated in 96.3, 2.5 and 1.2%, respectively. E. coli occurred in 100% of Novosibirsk cases. Mean Russian values of the resistance to ampicilline, gentamycin, trimetoprim, co-trimoxasol, nitrofurantoin, nalidixic acid, pipemidine acid, norfloxacine, ciprofloxacine, nitroxoline were the following: 33.3, 5.9, 20.3, 18.4, 2.9, 5.5, 4.4, 2.6, 2.6 and 94.1%, respectively. Resistance to 2 and more drugs was registered in 18.4% of E. coli strains.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cystitis in women was in most cases caused by E. coli. The highest resistance among uropathogenic strains E. coli was observed to nitroxoline, ampicilline, trimetoprim and co-trimoxasole; maximal antibacterial activity against uropathogenic E. coli was shown by fluoroquinolones (norfloxacin and ciprofloxacin).
authors.forename: L S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Strachunskiĭ
authors.forename: S V
authors.initials: SV
authors.lastname: Sekhin
authors.forename: E R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Abramova
authors.forename: G K
authors.initials: GK
authors.lastname: Reshed'ko
authors.forename: N A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Petrochenkova
authors.forename: I A
authors.initials: IA
authors.lastname: Eĭdel'shteĭn
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Suvorov
authors.forename: O I
authors.initials: OI
authors.lastname: Krechikova
authors.forename: V N
authors.initials: VN
authors.lastname: Il'ina
authors.forename: T A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Petrova
authors.forename: E N
authors.initials: EN
authors.lastname: Gugutsidze
authors.forename: N M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Furletova
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D004352:Drug Resistance, Microbial; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D006090:Gram-Negative Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D016905:Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology*; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D010045:Outpatients / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012426:Russia / Q000453:epidemiology; D014552:Urinary Tract Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology*; D014556:Urine / Q000382:microbiology
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents