title: Posterior pituitary ectopy in children with idiopathic growth hormone deficiency.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the underlying pathogenesis in children with pituitary hormone deficiency by means of high resolution MRI of the brain.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-seven children with short stature and isolated GH deficiency (IGHD, n = 17) or multiple pituitary hormone deficiency (MPHD, n = 20) were subjected to an MRI of the brain at the age of 1.0-17.3 years. The anatomic condition of the hypothalamo-pituitary area was analyzed and the height of the pituitary gland was measured and compared to the data of age-matched healthy subjects.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seventy percent of the patients had a characteristic anomaly: the adenohypophysis was hypoplastic, the infundibulum was absent and the posterior pituitary lobe was ectopic at the bottom of the median eminence. The height of the anterior pituitary was significantly reduced in these patients (1.9 +/- 0.1 mm; mean +/- SD) when compared to age-matched healthy controls (4.1 +/- 0.8 mm, p<0.001) or hypopituitary patients with a normal MRI (4.3 +/- 0.8 mm). MPHD was found in 62% of patients with the pituitary anomaly whereas only 27% of children with a normal MRI had MPHD (p<0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The pathogenesis of the pituitary anomaly is unknown; a disorder during embryonal development or perinatal events have been discussed as causal factors. MRI should have a prominent position in the work-up of hypopituitary children. When an anatomical malformation is visualized by MRI, the diagnostic terminology should be adapted accordingly.
authors.affiliation: Paediatric Department, University of Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Mészáros
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Vergesslich
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Riedl
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Häusler
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Frisch
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D019382:Human Growth Hormone / Q000172:deficiency*; D006801:Humans; D007018:Hypopituitarism / Q000473:pathology; D007223:Infant; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008473:Median Eminence / Q000473:pathology; D010903:Pituitary Gland, Anterior / Q000473:pathology; D010904:Pituitary Gland, Posterior / Q000473:pathology*
chemical_list: D019382:Human Growth Hormone