title: [Characterization of resistance to organophosphate insecticides, carbamates, and pyrethroids in Culex quinquefasciatus from the State of Miranda, Venezuela].
abstract: Resistance of Culex quinquefasciatus from Miranda, Venezuela to the organophosphate insecticides malathion and chlorpirifos was higher than 30x whereas resistance to pyrethroids metylpirimifos, fention, cipametrine, deltametrine, permetrine and lambdacyalotrine and to organochlorate DDT was lower than 4x. Resistance mechanisms were analyzed with piperonyl butoxide synergist (multifunction oxidases) and S.S.S. phosphotrithiate tributyl (DEF, esterase inhibitor). Multifunction oxidases did not play a significant role in resistance to organophosphate insecticides and carbamate; however, esterases were only mechanisms of resistance to malathion and chlorpirifos. The only insecticide affected by DEF and PB was cipermetrine. Biochemical tests revealed a very low frequency of the altered acetylcholinesterase mechanism (0.13). Esterase frequencies were high (1). Electrophoresis exposed the B1, A6 and B6 esterase phenotypes.
authors.affiliation: ciipk@infomed.sld.cu
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Bisset
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Rodríguez
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Díaz
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Alain Soca
mesh_terms: D000110:Acetylcholinesterase / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D002219:Carbamates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003465:Culex / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics; D004351:Drug Resistance; D004950:Esterases / Q000378:metabolism; D005838:Genotype; D007306:Insecticides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009943:Organophosphorus Compounds; D010088:Oxidoreductases / Q000378:metabolism; D011722:Pyrethrins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014687:Venezuela
chemical_list: D002219:Carbamates; D007306:Insecticides; D009943:Organophosphorus Compounds; D011722:Pyrethrins; D010088:Oxidoreductases; D004950:Esterases; D000110:Acetylcholinesterase