title: The 5-HT3 agent N-(3-chlorophenyl)guanidine (MD-354) serves as a discriminative stimulus in rats and displays partial agonist character in a shrew emesis assay.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There is some, albeit conflicting, evidence that 5-HT3 receptors might be involved in the actions of abused stimulants. Most studies have focussed on examinations of 5-HT3 antagonists; this might be due to a lack of high-affinity 5-HT3 agonists that readily penetrate the blood-brain barrier.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  N-(3-Chlorophenyl) guanidine (MD-354) is a member of a novel class of 5-HT3 ligands developed in our laboratories. We have previously demonstrated that MD-354 can exert agonist effects and now further explore this action.
  
  
  METHODS
  Rats (n=9) were trained to discriminate 2 mg/kg MD-354 from saline vehicle in a two-lever drug discrimination task (VI-15 s schedule of reinforcement). The actions of agents with 5-HT3 character were evaluated. The emetic and antiemetic actions of MD-354 were also examined using the shrew as test subject.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Various agents with demonstrated 5-HT3 agonist properties substituted for the MD-354 stimulus (MD-354 ED50=0.5 mg/kg): quipazine (ED50=0.2 mg/kg), meta-chlorophenylbiguanide (mCPBG, ED50=1.4 mg/kg), 2-methyl 5-HT (ED50=4.5 mg/kg), 1-(2-naphthyl)biguanide (2-NBG, ED50=1.9 mg/kg), and N-(2-naphthyl)guanidine (2-NG, ED50=0.7 mg/kg). Administration of the training dose of MD-354 in combination with the 5-HT3 antagonists zacopride and tropisetron resulted in stimulus antagonism (AD50=0.02 mg/kg); administered alone, however, zacopride engendered 81% MD-354-appropriate responding (ED50=0.03 mg/kg). MD-354 was shown to produce an emetic effect in the shrew at very high doses (i.e., 40 mg/kg); however, when administered in combination with cisplatin, MD-354 behaved as an antiemetic agent at 10 mg/kg.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Taken together, the results indicate that MD-354 is a 5-HT3 agonist and that it might be an agent with partial agonist activity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond 23298-0540, USA.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dukat
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Young
authors.forename: N N
authors.initials: NN
authors.lastname: Darmani
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ahmed
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Glennon
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004193:Discrimination Learning / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006146:Guanidines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D011985:Receptors, Serotonin / Q000187:drug effects*; D044406:Receptors, Serotonin, 5-HT3; D012702:Serotonin Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017366:Serotonin Receptor Agonists / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012788:Shrews; D014839:Vomiting / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy
chemical_list: D006146:Guanidines; D011985:Receptors, Serotonin; D044406:Receptors, Serotonin, 5-HT3; D012702:Serotonin Antagonists; D017366:Serotonin Receptor Agonists