title: The role of polyamines in gastric mucus synthesis inhibited by cigarette smoke or its extract.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cigarette smoking was shown to delay gastric ulcer healing and reduce synthesis of mucus, which is important for gastric ulcer protection and healing. Polyamines are important in these processes.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To study the effects of cigarette smoking on the synthesis of mucus and to investigate if such an effect is acting by interference with the polyamine pathway.
  
  
  METHODS
  Gastric mucosal ornithine decarboxylase activity, mucous secreting layer thickness, and ulcer size were determined after different concentrations of cigarette smoke exposure (0, 2, or 4%) in intact animals and animals with ulcers. Synthesis of mucus and ornithine decarboxylase activity and mRNA expression were also assessed in cigarette smoke extract treated MKN-28 cells.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Exposure to cigarette smoke significantly reduced the thickness of the mucous secreting layer and gastric mucosal ornithine decarboxylase activity in animals with or without ulcers. Spermidine not only reversed inhibition of mucus synthesis in both intact and ulcer bearing animals but also reversed the delay in ulcer healing. Cigarette smoke extract significantly reduced mucus synthesis and ornithine decarboxylase activity but not its mRNA expression in MKN-28 cells. The reduction in mucus synthesis was restored by spermidine.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cigarette smoke and its extract repress mucus synthesis in vivo and in vitro, respectively. Reduction of ornithine decarboxylase activity in gastric mucosa is closely associated with this effect.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, China.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: W P
authors.initials: WP
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: J Y
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Chow
authors.forename: S K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Lam
authors.forename: C H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Cho
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005753:Gastric Mucosa / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009093:Mucus / Q000378:metabolism*; D009955:Ornithine Decarboxylase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D010947:Plants, Toxic; D011073:Polyamines / Q000378:metabolism*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012906:Smoke / Q000009:adverse effects*; D013276:Stomach Ulcer / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism*; D014026:Nicotiana; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D011073:Polyamines; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D012906:Smoke; D009955:Ornithine Decarboxylase