title: Total sleep deprivation combined with lithium and light therapy in the treatment of bipolar depression: replication of main effects and interaction.
abstract: The clinical usefulness of total sleep deprivation (TSD) in the treatment of bipolar depression is hampered by a high-rate short-term relapse. Previous literature has suggested that both long-term lithium treatment and light therapy could successfully prevent relapse. We randomized 115 bipolar depressed inpatients to receive three cycles of TSD, alone or in combination with morning light exposure, given at an intensity of 150 or 2500 lux. Forty-nine patients were undergoing long-term treatment with lithium salts (at least 6 months), while 66 patients were taking no psychotropic medication. Mood was self-rated by the Visual Analogue Scale three times a day during treatment. The results showed that both light therapy and ongoing lithium treatment significantly enhanced the effects of TSD on the perceived mood, with no additional benefit when the two treatments were combined. Subjective sleepiness during TSD, as rated by the self-administered Stanford Sleepiness Scale, was significantly reduced by light exposure, and was correlated with the outcome. This study confirms the possibility of obtaining a sustained antidepressant response to TSD in bipolar patients.
authors.affiliation: Istituto Scientifico Ospedale San Raffaele, Department of Neuropsychiatric Sciences, University of Milan, School of Medicine, Italy.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Colombo
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lucca
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Benedetti
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Barbini
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Campori
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Smeraldi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D018692:Antimanic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016651:Lithium Carbonate / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010789:Phototherapy; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D012892:Sleep Deprivation
chemical_list: D018692:Antimanic Agents; D016651:Lithium Carbonate