title: Variations in strategy for the treatment of urethral obstruction after a pubovaginal sling procedure.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We evaluated the success of several techniques for treating urethral obstruction and erosion after a pubovaginal sling procedure.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between April 1998 and June 1999, 32 women 33 to 79 years old (average age 62) who underwent a pubovaginal sling procedure with various materials were referred for the assessment of urethral obstruction. Patients were evaluated with a urogynecologic history, physical examination, voiding diary, cystoscopy and video urodynamics. Surgical procedures to resolve urethral obstruction were performed transvaginally and the specific techniques used were based on the type of sling material, urethral erosion and concomitant stress incontinence or other urethral pathology. Outcome measures were assessed by disease specific quality of life questionnaires, voiding diary and urogynecologic questionnaire.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Preoperatively 30 of the 32 women (93.7%) noticed urge incontinence, 20 (62.5%) performed intermittent self-catheterization, 6 (18.7%) had an indwelling catheter and 3 (9%) complained of concomitant stress urinary incontinence. After the sling takedown 29 patients (93.5%) achieved efficient voiding within week 1 postoperatively. Urge incontinence symptoms resolved in 20 cases (67%) but stress incontinence developed in 3 (9%). Of the 32 women 27 (84%) indicated that continence was much better than before the initial sling procedure.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Managing urethral obstruction after a pubovaginal sling procedure is challenging. Using various techniques based on sling material, urethral erosion and bladder neck integrity a successful outcome is possible in the majority of cases.
authors.affiliation: Divisions of Gynecologic Specialties and Urology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA.
authors.forename: C L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Amundsen
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Guralnick
authors.forename: G D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Webster
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008722:Methods; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D011630:Pubic Bone / Q000601:surgery; D012086:Reoperation; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014524:Urethral Obstruction / Q000601:surgery*; D014550:Urinary Incontinence, Stress / Q000601:surgery*; D013520:Urologic Surgical Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects*; D014621:Vagina / Q000601:surgery