title: RNA-dependent cytoplasmic anchoring of a transcription factor subunit during Xenopus development.
abstract: The CCAAT box transcription factor (CBTF) is a multimeric transcription factor that activates expression of the haematopoietic regulatory factor, GATA-2. The 122 kDa subunit of this complex, CBTF(122), is cytoplasmic in fertilized Xenopus eggs and subsequently translocates to the nucleus prior to activation of zygotic GATA-2 transcription at gastrulation. Here we present data suggesting both a role for CBTF(122) prior to its nuclear translocation and the mechanism that retains it in the cytoplasm before the midblastula transition (MBT). CBTF(122) and its variant CBTF(98) are associated with translationally quiescent mRNP complexes. We show that CBTF(122) RNA binding activity is both necessary and sufficient for its cytoplasmic retention during early development. The introduction of an additional nuclear localization signal to CBTF(122) is insufficient to overcome this retention, suggesting that RNA binding acts as a cytoplasmic anchor for CBTF(122). Destruction of endogenous RNA by microinjection of RNase promotes premature nuclear translocation of CBTF(122). Thus, the nuclear translocation of CBTF(122) at the MBT is likely to be coupled to the degradation of maternal mRNA that occurs at that stage.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Gilmer Hall, Charlottesville, VA 22903-2477, USA.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Brzostowski
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Robinson
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Orford
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Elgar
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Scarlett
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Peterkin
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Malartre
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kneale
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wormington
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Guille
mesh_terms: D020121:5' Untranslated Regions / Q000235:genetics; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D001692:Biological Transport; D001755:Blastocyst / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D022762:CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000378:metabolism; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D003593:Cytoplasm / Q000378:metabolism*; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D050989:GATA2 Transcription Factor; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D019913:Nuclear Localization Signals; D020033:Protein Isoforms / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism*; D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D012260:Ribonucleases / Q000378:metabolism; D012261:Ribonucleoproteins / Q000378:metabolism; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D029867:Xenopus Proteins; D014982:Xenopus laevis / Q000196:embryology* / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D020121:5' Untranslated Regions; D022762:CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D050989:GATA2 Transcription Factor; C494714:GATA2 protein, Xenopus; D019913:Nuclear Localization Signals; D020033:Protein Isoforms; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins; D012261:Ribonucleoproteins; D014157:Transcription Factors; D029867:Xenopus Proteins; D012260:Ribonucleases