title: Prognostic factors in breast cancer. College of American Pathologists Consensus Statement 1999.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Under the auspices of the College of American Pathologists, a multidisciplinary group of clinicians, pathologists, and statisticians considered prognostic and predictive factors in breast cancer and stratified them into categories reflecting the strength of published evidence.
  
  
  METHODS
  Factors were ranked according to previously established College of American Pathologists categorical rankings: category I, factors proven to be of prognostic import and useful in clinical patient management; category II, factors that had been extensively studied biologically and clinically, but whose import remains to be validated in statistically robust studies; and category III, all other factors not sufficiently studied to demonstrate their prognostic value. Factors in categories I and II were considered with respect to variations in methods of analysis, interpretation of findings, reporting of data, and statistical evaluation. For each factor, detailed recommendations for improvement were made. Recommendations were based on the following aims: (1) increasing uniformity and completeness of pathologic evaluation of tumor specimens, (2) enhancing the quality of data collected about existing prognostic factors, and (3) improving patient care.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Factors ranked in category I included TNM staging information, histologic grade, histologic type, mitotic figure counts, and hormone receptor status. Category II factors included c-erbB-2 (Her2-neu), proliferation markers, lymphatic and vascular channel invasion, and p53. Factors in category III included DNA ploidy analysis, microvessel density, epidermal growth factor receptor, transforming growth factor-alpha, bcl-2, pS2, and cathepsin D. This report constitutes a detailed outline of the findings and recommendations of the consensus conference group, organized according to structural guidelines as defined.
authors.affiliation: Good Samaritan Hospital, Los Angeles, Calif., USA.
authors.forename: P L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Fitzgibbons
authors.forename: D L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Page
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Weaver
authors.forename: A D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Thor
authors.forename: D C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Allred
authors.forename: G M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Clark
authors.forename: S G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Ruby
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: O'Malley
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Simpson
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Connolly
authors.forename: D F
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Hayes
authors.forename: S B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Edge
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lichter
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Schnitt
mesh_terms: D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D018815:Genes, erbB; D016158:Genes, p53; D006801:Humans; D008197:Lymph Node Excision; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008938:Mitosis; D010338:Pathology, Clinical; D011003:Ploidies; D011379:Prognosis; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000378:metabolism; D012955:Societies, Medical; D014481:United States
chemical_list: D004273:DNA, Neoplasm; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface