Perceived stress and blood pressure in early adolescent children.
The objective of this investigation was to determine the individual contributions of perceived daily, major, and total stressors to blood pressure in early adolescent children. Toward this goal, cardiovascular risk factors were assessed in 74 6th-grade students. Height and body weight, measured in standard fashion, were used to calculate body mass index (BMI). Waist and hip circumferences and triceps and calf skinfolds were taken to determine the distribution and percentage of body fat, respectively. Seated resting blood pressure was obtained using a mercury sphygmomanometer. The dietary sodium-to-potassium ratio was calculated from a food intake questionnaire. Family history of hypertension was self-reported by participant's parents, and physical activity and perceived stress levels were determined by questionnaire. When added to the hierarchical regression models, the perceived stress variables did not significantly predict any additional variance in systolic or diastolic blood pressure in this early adolescent sample. Additionally, bivariate correlations between the stress variables and blood pressure were nonsignificant. The nonpsychological hypertension risk factors accounted for 25%-35% of the total variance in systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Further, regression analyses revealed that with the exception of BMI and the sodium-to-potassium ratio, no other risk factors were independent predictors of systolic or diastolic blood pressure. Further identification and understanding of environmental precursors of childhood hypertension is recommended.
Caputo
J L
JL
Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina, Greensboro 27402-6169, USA.
Gill
D L
DL
Tseh
W
W
Jamurtas
A Z
AZ
Morgan
D W
DW
D000293:Adolescent; D001795:Blood Pressure Determination; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002648:Child; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000523:psychology*; D008297:Male; D009657:North Carolina; D017419:Potassium, Dietary / Q000008:administration & dosage; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012307:Risk Factors; D012494:Sampling Studies; D012574:Schools; D012982:Sodium, Dietary / Q000008:administration & dosage; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000503:physiopathology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
D017419:Potassium, Dietary; D012982:Sodium, Dietary