title: Regulation and function of Dlx3 in vertebrate development.
abstract: Dlx3 is a homeodomain transcription factor in vertebrates, related to Distal-less in Drosophila, that is expressed in differentiating epidermal cells, in neural crest, hair follicles, dental epithelium and mesenchyme, the otic and olfactory placodes, limb bud, placenta, and in the cement gland, which is located in the extreme anterior neural plate in Xenopus embryos. This factor behaves as a transcriptional activator, and positively regulates gene expression in the skin, and negatively regulates central nervous system markers in Xenopus epidermis and anterior neural plate. A mutation in the DLX3 gene is associated with a hereditary syndrome in humans, and loss of Dlx3 function is a developmental lethal in gene-targeted mice, where it is essential for proper modeling of the labyrinthine layer of the placenta. In this review, we discuss the evolution, expression, regulation, and function of Dlx3 in mouse, amphibians, and zebrafish. Published 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Beanan
authors.forename: T D
authors.initials: TD
authors.lastname: Sargent
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D055415:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 4; D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology; D003598:Cytoskeletal Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology*; D051957:MSX1 Transcription Factor; D051379:Mice; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D009154:Mutation; D014018:Tissue Distribution; D015534:Trans-Activators; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology*; D015533:Transcriptional Activation; D014981:Xenopus; D029867:Xenopus Proteins; D015027:Zebrafish; D029961:Zebrafish Proteins; D051176:beta Catenin
chemical_list: C525809:BMP4 protein, human; C525810:Bmp4 protein, mouse; D055415:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 4; D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins; C495266:CTNNB1 protein, Xenopus; C495267:CTNNB1 protein, mouse; D003598:Cytoskeletal Proteins; C088334:Distal-less homeobox proteins; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins; D051957:MSX1 Transcription Factor; C497996:MSX1 protein, Xenopus; D015534:Trans-Activators; D014157:Transcription Factors; D029867:Xenopus Proteins; D029961:Zebrafish Proteins; D051176:beta Catenin; C525812:bmp4 protein, Xenopus; C525813:bmp4 protein, zebrafish; C495269:ctnnb1 protein, zebrafish