title: Chemical modification of epibatidine causes a switch from agonist to antagonist and modifies its selectivity for neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Studies of ligand gated channels strongly rely on the availability of compounds that can activate or inhibit with high selectivity one set or a subset of defined receptors. The alkaloid epibatidine (EPB), originally isolated from the skin of an Ecuadorian poison frog, is a very specific agonist for the neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs). We used EPB derivatives to investigate the pharmacophore of nAChR subtypes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Optically pure enantiomers of EPB analogues were synthesised. Analogues were obtained altered in the aromatic part: the chlorine was eliminated and the relative position of the pyridyl nitrogen changed. Voltage clamp electrophysiology was performed with these compounds on neuronal nAChRs reconstituted in Xenopus oocytes. The EPB derivatives show different activities towards the various nAChR subtypes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Small changes in the molecular structure of EPB produce marked changes in its capacity to activate the nAChRs. Subtype specificity can be obtained by changing the position of or by eliminating the pyridyl nitrogen.
authors.affiliation: Center for Radiopharmaceutical Science, Department of Radiology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zürich, Clinic of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Zürich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Spang
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bertrand
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Westera
authors.forename: J T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Patt
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Schubiger
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bertrand
mesh_terms: D020816:Amino Acid Motifs; D000818:Animals; D001665:Binding Sites; D019086:Bridged Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D008845:Microinjections; D008956:Models, Chemical; D015394:Molecular Structure; D009474:Neurons / Q000378:metabolism; D018722:Nicotinic Agonists / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D018733:Nicotinic Antagonists / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D018408:Patch-Clamp Techniques; D020033:Protein Isoforms / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D011725:Pyridines / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D011978:Receptors, Nicotinic / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D013237:Stereoisomerism; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D014981:Xenopus
chemical_list: D019086:Bridged Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic; D018722:Nicotinic Agonists; D018733:Nicotinic Antagonists; D020033:Protein Isoforms; D011725:Pyridines; D011978:Receptors, Nicotinic; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; C082748:epibatidine