Analytical quality of near-patient blood cholesterol and glucose determinations.
BACKGROUND
Screening for diabetes and hypercholesterolemia is widely advocated, and extra-laboratory testing could play a major role in cost-effective population screening. We wished to assess the analytical quality and interchangeability of capillary blood cholesterol and glucose assays as performed on near-patient devices in pharmacies in Pretoria, South Africa.


METHODS
Accuracy of near-patient and laboratory analyzers was assessed by analyses of human-serum-based reference material. To assess interchangeability in routine use, six volunteers visited each of 12 randomly selected pharmacies consecutively during a 3-week period to have their fasting blood glucose and cholesterol concentrations determined. For comparison purposes, a similar procedure was followed to evaluate the eight clinical chemistry laboratories servicing Pretoria and surroundings.


RESULTS
The analytical performances in our laboratory of a single point-of-care instrument and of a laboratory analyzer compared well. Nevertheless, between-pharmacy analytical variation was larger than between-laboratory variation (11% vs 6.1% for cholesterol; 10% vs 7.6% for glucose). For glucose measurements, near-patient testing in pharmacies demonstrated a bias of -48.1% to 16.2%, whereas bias for laboratory measurements was -1.0% to 7.4%. Cholesterol assays showed a bias of -5.6% to 16.6% in pharmacies compared with -10.6% to 3.7% in laboratories. The percentage of closeness to the homeostatic set point for a single glucose and cholesterol determination done in any pharmacy was 24.6% and 23.6%, respectively. The corresponding values for laboratories were 16.9% and 15.6%, respectively.


CONCLUSIONS
Although modern point-of-care instruments allow high-quality blood analyses under ideal conditions, performance goals often are not achieved in practice as indicated by a higher uncertainty of cholesterol and glucose blood results when determined in pharmacies. Nonuniformity of calibration procedures, deficiencies in training, a lack of internal quality control, and the absence of an external quality assessment program may all contribute to the current state of affairs.
du Plessis
M
M
Department of Chemical Pathology, University of Pretoria, Institute of Pathology, PO Box 2034, Pretoria 0001, South Africa. mdupless@medic.up.ac.za
Ubbink
J B
JB
Vermaak
W J
WJ
D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis*; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood* / Q000592:standards; D005947:Glucose / Q000592:standards; D006801:Humans; D019095:Point-of-Care Systems; D011786:Quality Control; D011933:Reagent Kits, Diagnostic; D012015:Reference Standards
D001786:Blood Glucose; D011933:Reagent Kits, Diagnostic; D002784:Cholesterol; D005947:Glucose