Randomized trial of conversion from mycophenolate mofetil to azathioprine 6 months after renal allograft transplantation.
BACKGROUND
In the first year after renal allograft transplantation, triple therapy immunosuppression with cyclosporin (CsA), prednisone (P), and mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) is superior to a triple therapy treatment that includes azathioprine (AZA) instead of MMF. Whether long-term treatment with CsA-P-MMF is better than treatment with CsA-P-AZA is a matter of debate, as 3-year graft survival is similar in MMF- and AZA-treated patients. The purpose of the present study was to examine the short-term effect of changing MMF to AZA in low-risk renal allograft recipients 6 months after transplantation.


METHODS
This was a randomized, open-label single-centre study, recruiting 48 low risk renal allograft recipients on CsA-P-MMF therapy 6 months after transplantation, comparing the outcome with continued MMF treatment (2 g b.i.d.) (group A, n=22) or switching MMF to AZA (1 mg/kg) treatment (group B, n=26).


RESULTS
The outcome after a 6-months follow-up of patients in group A and group B was similar. Treatment failure rates (defined as clinically diagnosed acute rejection episodes) were 4.5% in group A and 3.8% in group B. There were no patient deaths and no graft failures during the 6-months observation period. Graft function was excellent and similar in both groups.


CONCLUSIONS
Replacing MMF with AZA 6 months after transplantation in low-risk renal allograft recipients is safe and is not associated with altered graft function in the short term.
Wüthrich
R P
RP
Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University Hospital, Zürich, Switzerland.
Cicvara
S
S
Ambühl
P M
PM
Binswanger
U
U
D000208:Acute Disease; D000328:Adult; D001379:Azathioprine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D006084:Graft Rejection / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015994:Incidence; D007668:Kidney / Q000503:physiopathology; D016030:Kidney Transplantation; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009173:Mycophenolic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011184:Postoperative Period; D019233:Retreatment; D013997:Time Factors; D014184:Transplantation, Homologous; D016896:Treatment Outcome
D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D009173:Mycophenolic Acid; D001379:Azathioprine