Breakthroughs in scientific research: the discipline of nursing, 1960-1999.
The period of 1960 to 1999 was an era of evolution and rapid growth of scientific research in the discipline of nursing during which specific knowledge realms, or subfields of the discipline, emerged and scientific breakthroughs occurred. This review presents the milestones or scientific breakthroughs of the era in the context of the prevailing thinking within and beyond the discipline of nursing. The nature of each scientific breakthrough in nursing is characterized as to the transdisciplinary change in thinking brought about by the work. The pathfinders for each scientific breakthrough are identified as well as their pathfinding modes. Opportunities for future scientific breakthroughs in nursing are presented.
School of Nursing, Johns Hopkins University, USA.
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Donaldson
D000328:Adult; D001689:Biological Psychiatry; D002648:Child; D002657:Child Development; D003704:Dementia / Q000628:therapy; D004059:Diffusion of Innovation; D005192:Family Health; D005260:Female; D005544:Forecasting; D018939:Holistic Nursing; D006801:Humans; D019359:Knowledge; D008297:Male; D016294:Models, Nursing; D015399:Nursing Research / Q000639:trends*; D059408:Pain Management; D012586:Science / Q000639:trends*; D013673:Technology Assessment, Biomedical; D014549:Urinary Incontinence / Q000517:prevention & control; D014754:Violence / Q000517:prevention & control; D016387:Women's Health