A model of smoking among inner-city adolescents: the role of personal competence and perceived social benefits of smoking.
BACKGROUND
Based on current trends, smoking will remain a major public health problem in the 21st century. Effective smoking prevention approaches offer the best hope for decreasing the rise in adolescent smoking rates. Competence enhancement approaches to smoking prevention are among the most successful. Yet, there is not a full understanding of how effective prevention approaches work. This study tests whether a deficiency in competence (poor decision-making skills and low personal efficacy) is linked to acquiring beliefs in the perceived benefits of smoking and whether these perceived benefits are then related to subsequent smoking.


METHODS
A sample of 1459 students attending 22 middle and junior high schools in New York City participated. Students completed surveys at baseline, 1-year follow-up and 2-year follow-up during a regular class period. They self-reported smoking, decision-making skills, personal efficacy and beliefs in the perceived benefits of smoking.


RESULTS
The tested structural equation model had a good fit and was parsimonious and consistent with the theory underlying the competence approach to smoking prevention.


CONCLUSIONS
This research highlights the importance of addressing decision-making skills, personal efficacy, and beliefs in the social benefits of smoking within adolescent smoking prevention programs.
Epstein
J A
JA
Institute for Prevention Research, Cornell University, Weill Medical College, New York, New York 10021, USA. jepstein@mail.med.cornell.edu
Griffin
K W
KW
Botvin
G J
GJ
D000293:Adolescent; D000294:Adolescent Behavior / Q000523:psychology*; D001294:Attitude to Health; D002648:Child; D003657:Decision Making; D005163:Factor Analysis, Statistical; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008960:Models, Psychological; D009519:New York City; D010379:Peer Group; D000297:Psychology, Adolescent; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D020377:Self Efficacy; D012907:Smoking / Q000523:psychology*; D000074606:Smoking Prevention; D012919:Social Behavior; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014504:Urban Health