The Bradykinesia Akinesia Incoordination Test (BRAIN TEST), an objective and user-friendly means to evaluate patients with parkinsonism.
The BRAIN TEST, a computerized alternating finger tapping test, was performed on 154 patients with parkinsonism to assess whether the test could be used as an objective tool to evaluate reliably the severity of Parkinson's disease (PD). Patients were instructed to tap two marked computer keyboard keys as fast and as accurately as possible for 60 seconds. The test generates the following variables: (1) kinesia score (KS)--number of keystrokes/min, (2) akinesia time (AT)--cumulative time that keys are depressed, (3) dysmetria score (DS)--a weighted score generated from incorrectly hit keys and corrected for speed, and (4) arrhythmia score (AS)--variance of the time interval between individual keystrokes. Among parkinsonian patients, we found a significant correlation between the four test parameters and PD rating scores of the Hoehn & Yahr, Schwab & England, and Unified PD Rating Scales (KS, AS, and AT p <0.001 and DS p <0.05). When compared with 73 parkinsonian patients 73 age- and sex-matched control subjects showed significantly higher KS and lower AT (p <0.001) as well as lower DS and AS (p = 0.05). The BRAIN TEST is a reliable and practical tool for evaluating the severity of parkinsonism and for distinguishing subjects with parkinsonism from normal control subjects. A version of the BRAIN TEST is available by FTP on the worldwide web (http://www.anaesthetist.com/software/brain.htm).
Homann
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Department of Neurology, Karl Franzens University Graz, Austria.
Suppan
K
K
Wenzel
K
K
Giovannoni
G
G
Ivanic
G
G
Horner
S
S
Ott
E
E
Hartung
H P
HP
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003936:Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D018476:Hypokinesia / Q000145:classification / Q000175:diagnosis*; D020407:Internet; D008297:Male; D008838:Microcomputers; D008875:Middle Aged; D009043:Motor Activity; D009460:Neurologic Examination / Q000379:methods*; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000145:classification / Q000175:diagnosis*; D011596:Psychomotor Disorders / Q000145:classification / Q000175:diagnosis*; D011930:Reaction Time; D012016:Reference Values; D012984:Software