The awakening concentration of sevoflurane in children.
Sevoflurane is frequently used as a rapidly acting drug for the induction of anesthesia. We investigated the awakening concentration (MAC-awake) of sevoflurane in ASA physical status I children (age range 2-10 yr). We also investigated the effects of two different doses of clonidine (2 and 4 microg/kg) on the MAC-awake of sevoflurane. Subjects were randomly divided into three groups and received placebo (n = 24), clonidine 2 microg/kg (n = 17), or clonidine 4 microg/kg (n = 22) orally, 100 min before the induction of anesthesia. Sedation scores were estimated, by using a five-point scale, after entry into the operating room, and anesthesia was induced and maintained with sevoflurane in oxygen and balanced nitrogen, without an additional anesthetic. After surgery, end-tidal sevoflurane was decreased stepwise by 0.2% at 15-min intervals, a standardized verbal command was played to the patients, and the MAC-awake was determined. The MAC-awake of sevoflurane alone was 0. 78% +/- 0.24% (mean +/- SD), which decreased to 0.36% +/- 0.09% and 0.36% +/- 0.16% (both P <0.0001, compared with the control group) after premedication with the small and large doses of clonidine, respectively. The lack of any dose-response relationship might be explained by a plateau effect.


CONCLUSIONS
The awakening concentration of sevoflurane in unpremedicated children was 0.78%. Oral clonidine premedication at a dose of 2 microg/kg reduced the awakening concentration to 0.36%. However, an additional decrease in this value was not observed after the administration of the larger dose of clonidine premedication (4 microg/kg).
Kihara
S
S
Department of Anesthesiology and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. sin-ki@fa2.so-net.ne.jp
Inomata
S
S
Yaguchi
Y
Y
Toyooka
H
H
Baba
Y
Y
Kohda
Y
Y
D000284:Administration, Oral; D000762:Anesthesia Recovery Period; D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003000:Clonidine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008738:Methyl Ethers / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D011229:Preanesthetic Medication; D000077149:Sevoflurane
D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation; D008738:Methyl Ethers; D000077149:Sevoflurane; D003000:Clonidine