The relationship between temporal aspects of oral-nasal balance and classification of velopharyngeal status in speakers with cleft palate.
OBJECTIVE
The purpose of this investigation was to determine whether temporal patterns of oral-nasal balance differentiate speakers with cleft palate who exhibit adequate and inadequate velopharyngeal function.


METHODS
The Nasal Accelerometric Vibrational Index (NAVI) was used to measure the time course and amplitude of oral-nasal balance during the productions of syllables, words, and sentences. The measures obtained include mean amplitude, time integral (area under the curve), absolute duration, relative duration, rise time, and fall time.


METHODS
The subjects for this study were 20 children with repaired cleft palates with or without cleft lip. Ten children (aged 5 through 18 years) were assigned to the velopharyngeal competence (VPC) group (normal oral-nasal resonance, no nasal emission of air). Ten children (aged 3 through 19) were assigned to the velopharyngeal insufficiency (VPI) group (hypernasal speech, velopharyngeal gap observed via nasal endoscopy).


RESULTS
Both mean amplitude and time integral of NAVI were greater in the VPI group than in the VPC group (p < .01). Absolute duration and relative duration of the NAVI signal were greater in the VPI group (p < .01). NAVI rise time was shorter in the VPI group (p < .01), and NAVI fall time was longer in the VPI group (p < .01). The amplitude measures contributed the most to discrimination of speaker group, but the durational measures become increasingly influential as a function of a speech task.


CONCLUSIONS
Although amplitude of nasalization may have the strongest perceptual salience in classification of velopharyngeal status, the temporal component may exert greater influence during more complex speech tasks.
Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, USA. djones2@iupui.edu
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D000054:Acceleration; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D019540:Area Under Curve; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002971:Cleft Lip / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D002972:Cleft Palate / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000601:surgery; D004724:Endoscopy; D006801:Humans; D009055:Mouth / Q000503:physiopathology*; D009666:Nose / Q000503:physiopathology*; D010160:Palate, Soft / Q000503:physiopathology*; D010614:Pharynx / Q000503:physiopathology*; D010700:Phonetics; D013060:Speech / Q000502:physiology*; D013064:Speech Disorders / Q000503:physiopathology; D013067:Speech Perception; D013997:Time Factors; D014681:Velopharyngeal Insufficiency / Q000503:physiopathology; D014732:Vibration