Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans-associated peri-implantitis in an edentulous patient. A case report.
BACKGROUND
Peri-implantitis is a risk factor for implant loss. Late bacterial infection of the peri-implant tissues and loss of alveolar bone in edentulous patients is caused by commensal oral anaerobic bacteria. In partially edentulous patients, Porphyromonas gingivalis and occasionally Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans are associated with peri-implantitis lesions.


OBJECTIVE
To investigate the microbiology of a peri-implantitis case in an edentulous patient.


METHODS
Anaerobic culture techniques and selective culture techniques for A. actinomycetemcomitans were used to study the peri-implant microflora at sites with and without bone loss.


RESULTS
An anaerobic peri-implant microflora with several putative periodontal pathogens was found at sites with bone loss. Furthermore, a metronidazole-resistant A. actinomycetemcomitans was isolated. The A. actinomycetemcomitans infection did not respond to systemic doxycycline therapy, despite good susceptibility in vitro.


CONCLUSIONS
The present case of severe A. actinomycetemcomitans-associated peri-implantitis shows the importance of pre-operative infection control. The findings in this case show that remaining teeth affected by periodontitis can be a serious risk factor for peri-implantitis.
van Winkelhoff
A J
AJ
Department of Oral Biology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Wolf
J W
JW
D000189:Actinobacillus Infections / Q000209:etiology*; D016976:Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001421:Bacteria, Anaerobic / Q000302:isolation & purification; D003758:Dental Implantation, Endosseous / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods; D015921:Dental Implants / Q000009:adverse effects*; D019232:Dental Restoration Failure; D006801:Humans; D007576:Jaw, Edentulous, Partially / Q000150:complications* / Q000382:microbiology*; D008297:Male; D008336:Mandibular Diseases / Q000382:microbiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D009066:Mouth, Edentulous / Q000534:rehabilitation; D010518:Periodontitis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology / Q000382:microbiology*; D013753:Tetracycline Resistance
D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D015921:Dental Implants