Results of the double switch operation in the current era.
BACKGROUND
In patients with atrioventricular and arterioventricular discordance congenitally corrected transposition, the morphologically right ventricle may progressively deteriorate while functioning in the systemic circuit. The double switch operation has been proposed to limit this functional deterioration.


METHODS
From October 1993 to August 1998, the records of 27 patients with congenitally corrected transposition were reviewed. Age at operation ranged from 3 months to 55 years. Associated defects included ventricular septal defects in 18, pulmonary atresia in 7, and pulmonary stenosis in 11 patients. Twenty-two patients had double switch operations (10 arterial switch plus Senning procedures and 12 Rastelli plus Senning procedures). Five patients were not candidates for the double switch. Before the double switch, 6 patients required pulmonary artery banding and 10 had functioning systemic to pulmonary artery or cavopulmonary shunts.


RESULTS
There was no early or late mortality. Two patients required pacemaker implantation, both later regained normal sinus rhythm. Tricuspid valve function improved in all patients except one. Moderate left ventricular dysfunction developed 5 months postoperatively in 1 patient.


CONCLUSIONS
The double switch operation can be performed in selected patients with minimal early morbidity and mortality. Longer follow-up is necessary to determine whether this complex approach is indeed warranted.
Department of Pediatric and Congenital Heart Surgery and Cardiology, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Ohio 44195-5066, USA.
M
M
Imamura
J J
JJ
Drummond-Webb
D J
DJ
Murphy
L R
LR
Prieto
L A
LA
Latson
S D
SD
Flamm
R B
RB
Mee
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D006348:Cardiac Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008875:Middle Aged; D014188:Transposition of Great Vessels / Q000601:surgery*