Central nervous system nitric oxide induces oropharyngeal swallowing and esophageal peristalsis in the cat.
OBJECTIVE
The functional role of brainstem nitric oxide (NO) in swallowing and esophageal peristalsis remains unknown. We examined the effects of blockade of central nervous system (CNS) NO synthase (NOS) on swallowing and on primary and secondary peristalsis.


METHODS
(1) The effect of intravenous (IV) NOS inhibitor N(G)-nitro-L-arginine (L-NNA) on swallowing and swallowing-induced peristalsis was examined. (2) An NOS inhibitor (N(G)-monomethyl-L-arginine [L-NMMA]) was administered into the fourth ventricle intracerebroventricularly (ICV), and its effects on swallowing and primary and secondary peristalsis were examined.


RESULTS
(1) IV L-NNA significantly reduced the number of oropharyngeal swallows and the induction of primary peristalsis in the smooth muscle portion of the esophageal body; the change was not significant within the striated muscle portion. (2) L-NMMA given ICV significantly reduced the number of oropharyngeal swallows and the incidence of primary peristalsis in both smooth and striated muscle, but the reduction in amplitude was significant only for the smooth muscle contraction. There was a significant reduction in both the amplitude and incidence of secondary peristalsis, only in the smooth muscle portion.


CONCLUSIONS
CNS NO is an important neurotransmitter in the induction of oropharyngeal swallowing and esophageal peristalsis. The neural substrates mediating striated and smooth muscle peristalsis may be both anatomically and neurochemically distinct.
Departments of Medicine and Physiology, Playfair Neuroscience Institute, Toronto Western Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
M J
MJ
Beyak
S
S
Xue
P I
PI
Collman
D T
DT
Valdez
N E
NE
Diamant
D000818:Animals; D002404:Catheterization; D002415:Cats; D003679:Deglutition / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D004947:Esophagus / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D008297:Male; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism; D052248:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type I; D019335:Nitroarginine / Q000494:pharmacology; D009960:Oropharynx / Q000502:physiology*; D010528:Peristalsis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D010812:Physical Stimulation; D014867:Water / Q000494:pharmacology; D019323:omega-N-Methylarginine / Q000494:pharmacology
D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D014867:Water; D019335:Nitroarginine; D019323:omega-N-Methylarginine; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D052248:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type I