The 18-kDa form of cat allergen Felis domesticus 1 (Fel d 1) is associated with gelatin- and fibronectin-degrading activity.
BACKGROUND
Fel d 1, an important allergen from domestic cats, is a significant cause of asthma. In addition to directly promoting IgE synthesis, other biological activities of allergens may contribute to either allergic sensitization or the magnitude of allergic effector responses. For example, allergens that degrade proteins have been suggested to facilitate allergen presentation by increasing parallelular permeability of airways epithelium. However, little information exists to indicate whether Fel d 1 has other activities relevant to allergic responses.


OBJECTIVE
To study whether Fel d 1 is associated with enzyme activity.


METHODS
Fel d 1 was obtained by a rigorous purification strategy and its identity confirmed by laser desorption mass spectrometry, cleavage and sequencing. The ability of Fel d 1 to degrade gelatin, fibronectin and the artificial substrate N-benzoyl-FVR-p-nitroanilide was studied. The effect of Fel d 1 on the morphology of tight junctions in epithelial cell monolayers was also investigated.


RESULTS
The 18-kDa form of Fel d 1 caused degradation of denatured collagens (gelatin) and cleaved a 20-kDa fragment from the A chain of plasma fibronectin. Catalytic activity was not altered by inhibitors of cysteine peptidases, matrix metallopeptidases or by removal of divalent cations. In contrast, aprotinin and TLCK were inhibitors of Fel d 1. The absence of a serine peptidase catalytic triad in Fel d 1, together with the stoichiometry of the inhibition of TLCK and aprotinin, suggest that their inhibitory action may be due to noncatalytic site interactions. Alternatively, highly purified Fel d 1 may be associated with an active contaminant, although none were found.


CONCLUSIONS
These results suggest that Fel d 1 is another example of a domestic allergen which is associated with enzyme activity. It remains to be established whether the activity resides in Fel d 1 itself or in an unresolved, and possibly related, protein.
Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, St George's Hospital Medical School, Cranmer Terrace, London SW17 0RE, United Kingdom.
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Ring
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Wan
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Schou
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Kroll Kristensen
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Roepstorff
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Robinson
D000485:Allergens / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification; D000818:Animals; D002415:Cats; D002846:Chromatography, Affinity; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D003094:Collagen / Q000378:metabolism; D004848:Epithelium / Q000187:drug effects; D005353:Fibronectins / Q000378:metabolism*; D005780:Gelatin / Q000378:metabolism*; D006023:Glycoproteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification; D007123:Immunoelectrophoresis, Two-Dimensional; D008970:Molecular Weight; D009842:Oligopeptides / Q000378:metabolism; D015842:Serine Proteinase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D019032:Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization; D019108:Tight Junctions / Q000187:drug effects
D000485:Allergens; D005353:Fibronectins; D006023:Glycoproteins; D009842:Oligopeptides; D015842:Serine Proteinase Inhibitors; C006164:S 2160; D005780:Gelatin; D003094:Collagen; C059296:Fel d 1 protein, Felis domesticus