The genome sequence of the plant pathogen Xylella fastidiosa. The Xylella fastidiosa Consortium of the Organization for Nucleotide Sequencing and Analysis.
Xylella fastidiosa is a fastidious, xylem-limited bacterium that causes a range of economically important plant diseases. Here we report the complete genome sequence of X. fastidiosa clone 9a5c, which causes citrus variegated chlorosis--a serious disease of orange trees. The genome comprises a 52.7% GC-rich 2,679,305-base-pair (bp) circular chromosome and two plasmids of 51,158 bp and 1,285 bp. We can assign putative functions to 47% of the 2,904 predicted coding regions. Efficient metabolic functions are predicted, with sugars as the principal energy and carbon source, supporting existence in the nutrient-poor xylem sap. The mechanisms associated with pathogenicity and virulence involve toxins, antibiotics and ion sequestration systems, as well as bacterium-bacterium and bacterium-host interactions mediated by a range of proteins. Orthologues of some of these proteins have only been identified in animal and human pathogens; their presence in X. fastidiosa indicates that the molecular basis for bacterial pathogenicity is both conserved and independent of host. At least 83 genes are bacteriophage-derived and include virulence-associated genes from other bacteria, providing direct evidence of phage-mediated horizontal gene transfer.
Instituto Ludwig de Pesquisa sobre o Câncer, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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D001422:Bacterial Adhesion; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D001692:Biological Transport; D002874:Chromosome Mapping; D002957:Citrus / Q000382:microbiology; D004260:DNA Repair; D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D004734:Energy Metabolism; D016680:Genome, Bacterial; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010944:Plants / Q000382:microbiology*; D010947:Plants, Toxic; D014176:Protein Biosynthesis; D011548:Pseudomonadaceae / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000472:pathogenicity; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D014026:Nicotiana / Q000382:microbiology; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D014774:Virulence / Q000235:genetics
D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D004269:DNA, Bacterial