The internal phosphodiesterase RegA is essential for the suppression of lateral pseudopods during Dictyostelium chemotaxis.
Dictyostelium strains in which the gene encoding the cytoplasmic cAMP phosphodiesterase RegA is inactivated form small aggregates. This defect was corrected by introducing copies of the wild-type regA gene, indicating that the defect was solely the consequence of the loss of the phosphodiesterase. Using a computer-assisted motion analysis system, regA(-) mutant cells were found to show little sense of direction during aggregation. When labeled wild-type cells were followed in a field of aggregating regA(-) cells, they also failed to move in an orderly direction, indicating that signaling was impaired in mutant cell cultures. However, when labeled regA(-) cells were followed in a field of aggregating wild-type cells, they again failed to move in an orderly manner, primarily in the deduced fronts of waves, indicating that the chemotactic response was also impaired. Since wild-type cells must assess both the increasing spatial gradient and the increasing temporal gradient of cAMP in the front of a natural wave, the behavior of regA(-) cells was motion analyzed first in simulated temporal waves in the absence of spatial gradients and then was analyzed in spatial gradients in the absence of temporal waves. Our results demonstrate that RegA is involved neither in assessing the direction of a spatial gradient of cAMP nor in distinguishing between increasing and decreasing temporal gradients of cAMP. However, RegA is essential for specifically suppressing lateral pseudopod formation during the response to an increasing temporal gradient of cAMP, a necessary component of natural chemotaxis. We discuss the possibility that RegA functions in a network that regulates myosin phosphorylation by controlling internal cAMP levels, and, in support of that hypothesis, we demonstrate that myosin II does not localize in a normal manner to the cortex of regA(-) cells in an increasing temporal gradient of cAMP.
Wessels
D J
DJ
Department of Biological Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City 52242, USA.
Zhang
H
H
Reynolds
J
J
Daniels
K
K
Heid
P
P
Lu
S
S
Kuspa
A
A
Shaulsky
G
G
Loomis
W F
WF
Soll
D R
DR
D015105:3',5'-Cyclic-AMP Phosphodiesterases; D000818:Animals; D002449:Cell Aggregation; D002633:Chemotaxis; D003198:Computer Simulation; D000242:Cyclic AMP / Q000502:physiology; D017868:Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D004023:Dictyostelium / Q000166:cytology / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D017125:Genes, Protozoan; D009154:Mutation; D009218:Myosins / Q000378:metabolism; D015800:Protozoan Proteins; D011554:Pseudopodia / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D015398:Signal Transduction; D014170:Transformation, Genetic
D015800:Protozoan Proteins; D000242:Cyclic AMP; D017868:Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases; D015105:3',5'-Cyclic-AMP Phosphodiesterases; C112742:regA protein, Dictyostelium; D009218:Myosins