Peripheral opioid modulation of visceral pain.
Opioids are widely and successfully used for control of pain, including pain arising from the viscera. Constipating, sedating, respiratory depressant and other effects of opioids, however, often limit their long-term use in the treatment of a variety of visceral pain states. Accordingly, understanding visceral pain mechanisms and its modulation is important to developing improved strategies for pain control.
Department of Pharmacology, University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City 52242-1109, USA. gf-gebhart@uiowa.edu
G F
GF
Gebhart
X
X
Su
S
S
Joshi
N
N
Ozaki
J N
JN
Sengupta
D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000818:Animals; D006801:Humans; D010148:Intractable Pain / Q000188:drug therapy*; D017473:Receptors, Opioid, kappa / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D014781:Viscera
D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D017473:Receptors, Opioid, kappa