Acute elevation of blood lead levels within hours of ingestion of large quantities of lead shot.
BACKGROUND
Ingestion of elemental lead foreign bodies is felt to have a low risk of clinically significant lead absorption unless gastrointestinal pathology and/or prolonged transit time are present. We present a case of ingestion of a large quantity of small diameter lead shot accompanied by rapid elevation of blood lead levels.


METHODS
A 5 1/2-year-old previously healthy girl was found eating the pellets from an ankle weight. She vomited and complained of abdominal pain. In the emergency department, she had no complaints and normal vital signs. An abdominal X-ray showed thousands of small, round, metallic density objects in the stomach. Her white blood cell count was 14,700/mm3, and the hemoglobin, mean corpuscular volume, free erythrocyte protoporphyrin, zinc protoporphyrin, biochemistry panel 21, and urinalysis were normal. She had no prior lead level for comparison. Whole-bowel irrigation was begun and she passed over 11 stools with pellets as well as other foreign bodies (erasers, bead, etc.) in the first 24 hours. Pellets were still seen on X-ray the following day so she received a high-fiber diet and bisacodyl tablets 10 mg/d. On hospital day 2, her admission blood lead (drawn 13 hours after ingestion) was reported as 57 microg/dL (2.7 microm/L) and chelation was begun with oral 2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid 10 mg/kg 3x/d for 5 days, then 2x/d for 14 days. Her peak measured lead level was 79 microg/dL approximately 36 hours after ingestion. She excreted 2,273 microg lead in the urine during her first 24 hours of chelation. Her blood lead dropped to 14.3 microg/dL by the end of chelation. She did not develop any apparent signs of lead poisoning.


CONCLUSIONS
Acute elevations of blood lead concentrations may occur rapidly after ingestion of multiple small elemental lead objects.
Department of Emergency Medicine, College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque 87131, USA. patmckin@unm.edu
P E
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McKinney
D000931:Antidotes / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001726:Bisacodyl / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004043:Dietary Fiber / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D005547:Foreign Bodies / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D007854:Lead / Q000097:blood* / Q000652:urine; D007855:Lead Poisoning / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000628:therapy; D011859:Radiography; D013270:Stomach / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D004113:Succimer / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007507:Therapeutic Irrigation; D016896:Treatment Outcome
D000931:Antidotes; D004043:Dietary Fiber; D001726:Bisacodyl; D007854:Lead; D004113:Succimer