Selective induction of the monocyte-attracting chemokines MCP-1 and IP-10 in vesicular stomatitis virus-infected human monocytes.
It is characteristic of viral infections that monocytes/macrophages and lymphocytes infiltrate infected tissue, and neutrophils are absent. CC and non-ELR CXC chemokines predominantly attract mononuclear leukocytes, whereas the ELR motif-expressing CXC chemokines primarily act on neutrophils. To investigate the general role of chemokines in viral diseases, we determined their release and expression patterns after infection of human monocytes with vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV). Human monocytes were productively infected by VSV. Surprisingly, VSV did not induce the release of the proinflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), and IL-6. In contrast, we found a strong induction of the CC chemokine monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) and the non-ELR CXC chemokine interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) inducible protein-10 (IP-10) by VSV on the gene and protein level. The expression and release of the neutrophil chemoattractants IL-8 and growth-related oncogene-alpha (GRO-alpha) remained unaffected after VSV infection. Our results indicate that the typical monocyte and lymphocyte-dominated leukocyte infiltration of virus-infected tissue is based on a selective induction of mononuclear leukocyte-attracting chemokines.
Institute of Immunology, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany.
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Bussfeld
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Nain
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Hofmann
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Gemsa
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Sprenger
D002478:Cells, Cultured; D018932:Chemokine CCL2 / Q000097:blood*; D054360:Chemokine CXCL1; D054357:Chemokine CXCL10; D019743:Chemokines, CXC / Q000097:blood*; D002630:Chemotactic Factors / Q000097:blood; D006133:Growth Substances / Q000097:blood; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D007370:Interferon Type I / Q000097:blood; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000097:blood; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000097:blood; D007700:Kinetics; D009000:Monocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology* / Q000821:virology*; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000494:pharmacology; D014721:Vesicular stomatitis Indiana virus / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology*; D014764:Viral Proteins / Q000097:blood; D014779:Virus Replication
C475829:CXCL1 protein, human; D018932:Chemokine CCL2; D054360:Chemokine CXCL1; D054357:Chemokine CXCL10; D019743:Chemokines, CXC; D002630:Chemotactic Factors; D006133:Growth Substances; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D007370:Interferon Type I; D015850:Interleukin-6; D016209:Interleukin-8; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D014764:Viral Proteins; D007371:Interferon-gamma