Base excision repair in yeast and mammals.
Base excision repair (BER), as initiated by at least seven different DNA glycosylases or by enzymes that cleave DNA at abasic sites, executes the repair of a wide variety of DNA damages. Many of these damages arise spontaneously because DNA interacts with the cellular milieu, and so BER profoundly influences spontaneous mutation rates. In addition, BER provides significant protection against the toxic and mutagenic effects of DNA damaging agents present in the external environment, and as such is likely to prevent the adverse health effects of such agents. BER pathways have been studied in a wide variety of organisms (including yeasts) and here we review how these varied studies have shaped our current view of human BER.
Memisoglu
A
A
Harvard School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Avenue II-109, Boston, MA 02115, USA. amemisog@hsph.harvard.edu
Samson
L
L
D000818:Animals; D019757:Carbon-Oxygen Lyases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D004260:DNA Repair / Q000502:physiology*; D043603:DNA-(Apurinic or Apyrimidinic Site) Lyase; D043382:DNA-Formamidopyrimidine Glycosylase; D043223:Deoxyribonuclease IV (Phage T4-Induced); D004798:Enzymes / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005090:Exodeoxyribonucleases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008322:Mammals / Q000235:genetics*; D009699:N-Glycosyl Hydrolases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D015003:Yeasts / Q000235:genetics*
D004798:Enzymes; D005090:Exodeoxyribonucleases; C020133:exodeoxyribonuclease III; D043223:Deoxyribonuclease IV (Phage T4-Induced); D009699:N-Glycosyl Hydrolases; D043382:DNA-Formamidopyrimidine Glycosylase; D019757:Carbon-Oxygen Lyases; D043603:DNA-(Apurinic or Apyrimidinic Site) Lyase