Pediatric upper gastrointestinal endoscopy: state of the art.
Upper gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy has become a routine procedure in pediatrics. It has been proven safe, highly informative and cost effective when used in the outpatient setting by experienced endoscopists. This review summarizes the experience in pediatric upper GI endoscopy over the last 30 years. It is focused on safety issues, indications, choice of sedation, techniques of the procedure itself as well as interpretation of endoscopic appearance of the most common diseases of the upper GI tract in children. Details of advanced procedures such as endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), sclerotherapy and ligation of esophageal varices and foreign body removal are discussed as well.
Department of Pediatrics, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, USA.
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D001706:Biopsy / Q000379:methods; D002648:Child; D016099:Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal / Q000379:methods; D005547:Foreign Bodies / Q000175:diagnosis; D006471:Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage / Q000175:diagnosis; D006801:Humans; D010437:Peptic Ulcer / Q000175:diagnosis; D015911:Sclerotherapy; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis