Olanzapine augmentation for treatment-resistant obsessive-compulsive disorder.
BACKGROUND
Adding the atypical neuroleptic risperidone to a serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SRI) has benefited patients with treatment-refractory obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Since olanzapine and risperidone have similar serotonergic and dopaminergic receptor binding profiles, we tested the hypothesis that olanzapine augmentation would be beneficial in treatment-unresponsive OCD.


METHODS
For this 8-week trial, we recruited 10 adult OCD patients (DSM-IV criteria) unresponsive to fluoxetine (> or =60 mg/day) for > or =10 weeks, which was continued throughout the trial. Other psychotropic medications were discontinued. Subjects had OCD for > or =1 year, a Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS) score of > or =18, and no organic, psychotic, or other primary Axis I disorder. Two weeks after olanzapine, 2.5 mg/day, was added, and in the absence of responder status (Y-BOCS score decrease > or =25%) and limiting side effects, we increased the dose to 5 mg/day, and after 2 more weeks, to 10 mg/day for 4 weeks.


RESULTS
The subjects had failed a mean of 3.3 SRI trials (range, 1-5) and had a mean +/- SD baseline Y-BOCS score of 29.0 +/- 4.9. Nine patients completed the trial. The subjects' mean +/- SD endpoint Y-BOCS score was 24.4 +/- 8.0 (a 16% decrease). The 3 responders' Y-BOCS scores dropped 68%, 30%, and 29%, but only 1 patient was rated "much improved." He maintained this improvement during a 6-month follow-up period taking olanzapine, 5 mg/day. Improvement in OCD was independent of improvement in mood symptoms. Six patients (60%) experienced significant weight gain.


CONCLUSIONS
Olanzapine augmentation may benefit treatment-unresponsive OCD. Double-blind, placebo-controlled trials are warranted along with trials comparing risperidone and olanzapine augmentation.
Koran
L M
LM
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford Medical Center, Calif, USA. lkoran@stanford.edu
Ringold
A L
AL
Elliott
M A
MA
D000328:Adult; D001569:Benzodiazepines; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005473:Fluoxetine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009771:Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D000077152:Olanzapine; D010890:Pirenzepine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D018967:Risperidone / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017367:Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D015430:Weight Gain; D014987:Xerostomia / Q000139:chemically induced
D001569:Benzodiazepines; D005473:Fluoxetine; D000077152:Olanzapine; D010890:Pirenzepine; D018967:Risperidone; D017367:Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors