Aging affects the retrobulbar circulation differently in women and men.
BACKGROUND
While aging clearly has protean biological effects on every organ system, the differential effects of aging in women and men in the retrobulbar vasculature, to our knowledge, have never been investigated. Because glaucoma and age-related macular degeneration are closely linked to advanced age, we performed a cross-sectional study using color Doppler imaging of 4 retrobulbar vessels in both healthy women and men.


OBJECTIVE
To define the influence of aging per se on ocular hemodynamics.


METHODS
Women (n = 73) and men (n = 55), aged from 20 to 90 years, free of ocular and systemic disease, and with normal intraocular pressure, were recruited for this study. Postmenopausal women who were not receiving estrogen replacement therapy were also recruited. Studies involved color Doppler imaging analysis of the ophthalmic, central retinal, and nasal and temporal posterior ciliary arteries. Ophthalmic arterial peak systolic and end-diastolic velocities and a Pourcelot resistance index were determined for each vessel.


RESULTS
In both sexes, ophthalmic arterial end-diastolic velocity decreased and the Pourcelot resistance index rose with advancing age (each P<. 001); peak systolic velocity in the ophthalmic vessel was age-independent. In contrast, central retinal arterial flow velocities were unaffected by age in both sexes. In the posterior ciliary arteries, in men, flow velocities and the Pourcelot resistance index were independent of age. However, in women, end-diastolic velocity decreased with age in both the nasal and temporal posterior ciliary vessel (each P<.05); peak systolic velocity was constant; the Pourcelot resistance index in each ciliary artery rose with advancing age (each P<.05).


CONCLUSIONS
In healthy women and men, aging-induced changes in retrobulbar hemodynamics are comparable to alterations seen in patients with glaucoma or age-related macular degeneration, suggesting that vascular changes with senescence may contribute to increased risk for these diseases in older age. Arch Ophthalmol. 2000;118:1076-1080
Harris
A
A
Department of Ophthalmology, Indiana University, School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. alharris@indiana.edu.
Harris
M
M
Biller
J
J
Garzozi
H
H
Zarfty
D
D
Ciulla
T A
TA
Martin
B
B
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology*; D001775:Blood Circulation; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity / Q000502:physiology; D019842:Ciliary Arteries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000502:physiology*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005123:Eye / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009880:Ophthalmic Artery / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000502:physiology*; D012161:Retinal Artery / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000502:physiology*; D012737:Sex Factors; D018615:Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color