Identification and quantification of 77 pesticides in groundwater using solid phase coupled to liquid-liquid microextraction and reversed-phase liquid chromatography.
This paper describes a method for the extraction, separation, identification, and quantification of 77 pesticides (neutral, acidic, and basic) including some s-triazine metabolites. The method is appropriate for organically (e.g. with humic acids) highly loaded groundwater samples. A comparative study of a pH-controlled mixed solid phase (LiChroprep RP18/LiChrolut EN) extraction with different desorption solvents (acetonitrile or acetonitrile and dichloromethane/methanol) is elaborated. A subsequent liquid-liquid microextraction reduces matrix effects. The pesticides in the sample are separated using RP-HPLC, detected, and identified by diode array. The efficiency is illustrated on a natural groundwater sample from a phreatic aquifer.
Laboratory for Applied Geology and Hydrogeology, Ghent University, Belgium.
K
K
Vandecasteele
I
I
Gaus
W
W
Debreuck
K
K
Walraevens
D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D006540:Herbicides / Q000032:analysis / Q000302:isolation & purification; D007202:Indicators and Reagents; D010575:Pesticides / Q000032:analysis* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D013056:Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet; D014227:Triazines; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis* / Q000302:isolation & purification
D006540:Herbicides; D007202:Indicators and Reagents; D010575:Pesticides; D014227:Triazines; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical