Environmental tobacco smoke exposure among police officers in Hong Kong.
BACKGROUND
Few epidemiological studies have examined the relationship between chronic respiratory symptoms and exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) at work in adults, and none have shown clear dose-response relationships.


OBJECTIVE
To examine the respiratory effects of ETS exposure at home and at work among never-smoking adults.


METHODS
Cross-sectional, self-administered questionnaire survey conducted in December 1995 and January 1996 among 4468 male and 728 female police officers in Hong Kong who were never-smokers.


METHODS
Respiratory symptoms and physician consultation in the previous 14 days for such symptoms by presence and amount of ETS exposure at work.


RESULTS
Eighty percent of both men and women reported ETS exposure at work. Significant odds ratios (ORs) for respiratory symptoms were found among men with ETS exposure at work (for any respiratory symptoms, difference in absolute rate, 20.4%; OR, 2.33; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.97-2.75; attributable risk, 57%) and physician consultation (difference in absolute rate, 4.5%; OR, 1.30; 95% CI, 1. 05-1.61; attributable risk, 23%). Trends were similar among women for any respiratory symptoms (difference in absolute rate, 15.4%; OR, 1.63; 95% CI, 1.04-2.56; attributable risk, 39%) and for physician consultation (difference in absolute rates, 2.8%; OR, 1.45; 95% CI, 0.87-2.41; attributable risk, 31%). Positive dose-response relationships with number of coworkers smoking nearby and amount of ETS exposure in the work place were found.


CONCLUSIONS
This study provides further evidence of the serious health hazards associated with ETS exposure at work. The findings support a ban on smoking in the workplace to protect all workers in both developed and developing countries. JAMA. 2000;284:756-763
Lam
T H
TH
Department of Community Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Patrick Manson Building South Wing, 7 Sassoon Rd, Hong Kong, China. hrmrlth@hkucc.hku.hk
Ho
L M
LM
Hedley
A J
AJ
Adab
P
P
Fielding
R
R
McGhee
S M
SM
Aharonson-Daniel
L
L
D000328:Adult; D005191:Family Characteristics; D005260:Female; D006723:Hong Kong / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D016495:Police; D012140:Respiratory Tract Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D017132:Workplace
D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution