Levels of racism: a theoretic framework and a gardener's tale.
The author presents a theoretic framework for understanding racism on 3 levels: institutionalized, personally mediated, and internalized. This framework is useful for raising new hypotheses about the basis of race-associated differences in health outcomes, as well as for designing effective interventions to eliminate those differences. She then presents an allegory about a gardener with 2 flower boxes, rich and poor soil, and red and pink flowers. This allegory illustrates the relationship between the 3 levels of racism and may guide our thinking about how to intervene to mitigate the impacts of racism on health. It may also serve as a tool for starting a national conversation on racism.
Jones
C P
CP
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA.
D004194:Disease / Q000208:ethnology; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D011209:Power, Psychological; D011287:Prejudice; D044469:Racial Groups; D012923:Social Class; D012938:Social Perception; D014481:United States