Expression of the inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in human leukocytes: responses to running exercise.
BACKGROUND
We examined the influence of two different bouts of vigorous running exercise on the expression of the inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in leukocytes (LE).


METHODS
In study 1, 10 trained runners competed in a half marathon (HM) lasting 90.5 +/- 11.0 min. In study 2, 8 untrained subjects performed a graded treadmill test followed by a continuous run (CR) until exhaustion (11.3 +/- 1.3 min). iNOS mRNA levels were assessed by RT/PCR at rest, 0, 3, and 24 h after HM and CR. In study 2, iNOS was additionally analyzed at the protein level in lympho- (L), mono- (M), and granulocytes (G) by flow cytometry at rest and up to 48 h after CR.


RESULTS
Analysis revealed a rise of the iNOS transcript directly after the HM in 8 of 10 subjects. In study 2, the expression of iNOS protein at rest differed between L (mean +/- SE: 30.9 +/- 4.5% iNOS positive cells), M (91.3 +/- 4.0%), and G (64.9 +/- 10.3%): 3 h after CR, expression of iNOS increased in L (67.3 +/- 7.4%) and G (90.3 +/- 2.9%) and was still elevated 48 h post-exercise. However, our measurements failed to detect significant changes of leukocyte iNOS mRNA in response to CR. After the HM, our findings were paralleled by elevated plasma levels of interleukin-8, myeloperoxidase (MPO), and partly of TNF-alpha, whereas CR only induced a low rise of MPO.


CONCLUSIONS
Our investigations revealed an increased expression of iNOS at the transcriptional and translational level in response to vigorous exercise. This reflects an inflammatory response and may contribute to an exercise-induced rise of endogenous nitric oxide production. It remains unclear if these effects serve an in-vivo immunoregulatory or cell-damaging role.
Medical Clinic und Polyclinic, Department of Sports Medicine, University of Tuebingen, Germany. andreas.niess@uni-tuebingen.de
A M
AM
Niess
M
M
Sommer
E
E
Schlotz
H
H
Northoff
H H
HH
Dickhuth
E
E
Fehrenbach
D000328:Adult; D016207:Cytokines / Q000276:immunology; D004790:Enzyme Induction; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation; D007962:Leukocytes / Q000201:enzymology*; D008297:Male; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000378:metabolism*; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000502:physiology*; D014158:Transcription, Genetic
D016207:Cytokines; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase