Ultra-rapid freezing of human multipronuclear zygotes using electron microscope grids.
Developmental capacity of human multipronuclear (PN) zygotes cryopreserved using an ultra-rapid freezing method and electron microscope (EM) grids was studied. Multipronuclear zygotes obtained from a human IVF programme were used as an alternative to normal 2PN zygotes; they were divided into 3PN or >or =4PN zygotes and their in-vitro development and cryo-injury were compared according to PN number. EFS30, which consisted of 30% ethylene glycol, 18% Ficoll, 0. 5 mol/l sucrose and 10% fetal bovine serum with added modified Dulbecco's phosphate buffered saline was used as the freezing solution. After ultra-rapid freezing and thawing 85.5% of multipronuclear zygotes survived. A comparison of cleavage rates between the control and cryopreserved groups showed no significant difference (3PN; 81.3 and 85.4% and > or =4PN; 90.0 and 95.7% respectively). Comparing the in-vitro development after thawing up to blastocyst formation on day 5 after IVF, the outcome of the frozen 3PN group (22.0%) was not different from that of control 3PN group (38.5%), while the outcome of the frozen > or =4PN group (4.5%) was significantly lower than that of control > or =4PN group (44.4%) (P < 0.05).
Park
S P
SP
Maria Infertility Medical Institute, Department of Animal Sciences, Kon-Kuk University and Maria Infertility Clinic, Seoul, Korea. mimi@unitel.co.kr
Kim
E Y
EY
Oh
J H
JH
Nam
H K
HK
Lee
K S
KS
Park
S Y
SY
Park
E M
EM
Yoon
S H
SH
Chung
K S
KS
Lim
J H
JH
D002467:Cell Nucleus; D002470:Cell Survival; D015925:Cryopreservation / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008854:Microscopy, Electron / Q000295:instrumentation; D013997:Time Factors; D015053:Zygote / Q000502:physiology*