Post-transcriptional inhibition of lipopolysaccharide-induced expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase by Gö6976 in murine microglia.
Glia in the brain respond to various toxins with an increased expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and an increased production of nitric oxide (NO). Here, we report that lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced expression of iNOS was down-regulated post-transcriptionally through the destabilization of iNOS mRNA by the indolocarbazole compound, Gö6976, in murine microglia. This Gö6976 effect is specific for iNOS since tumor necrosis factor alpha was unaffected by the compound. Interestingly, the post-transcriptional effects ascribed to Gö6976 were not observed with other inhibitors of protein kinase A, C (PKC), G, or protein tyrosine kinases. Instead, these kinases appear to affect the iNOS/NO system at the transcriptional level. In the past, Gö6976 has been reported to be a rather specific inhibitor of PKC in vitro. Results from our experiments, through prolonged treatment with phorbol esters and with the various PKC inhibitors including phorbol ester-insensitive PKC isotype inhibitor, suggest that the Gö6976-mediated post-transcriptional regulation of iNOS gene expression and NO production in microglia is not mediated through its reputed effects on PKC activity. Since the effects of various neurotoxins and certain neurodegenerative diseases may be manifested through alterations in the iNOS/NO system, post-transcriptional control of this system may represent a novel strategy for therapeutic intervention.
Neuropharmacology Section, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA. jeohn@niehs.nih.gov
G H
GH
Jeohn
R C
RC
Chang
W G
WG
Kim
B
B
Wilson
R P
RP
Mohney
W C
WC
Wetsel
J S
JS
Hong
D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000166:cytology / Q000201:enzymology; D002227:Carbazoles / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic / Q000187:drug effects; D007211:Indoles / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007700:Kinetics; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051379:Mice; D009457:Neuroglia / Q000166:cytology / Q000201:enzymology*; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000235:genetics*; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D011493:Protein Kinase C / Q000378:metabolism; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors; D012323:RNA Processing, Post-Transcriptional / Q000187:drug effects*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate / Q000494:pharmacology; D014158:Transcription, Genetic / Q000187:drug effects
D002227:Carbazoles; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D007211:Indoles; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors; D012333:RNA, Messenger; C081021:Go 6976; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; C496317:Nos2 protein, mouse; D011493:Protein Kinase C; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate