Standardization of 3-D CT measurements for length and angles by matrix transformation in the 3-D coordinate system.
OBJECTIVE
We attempted to establish a new 3-D cephalometry with helical computed tomography (CT) by introducing the matrix transformation of the 3-D coordinate system.


METHODS
Three-dimensional cephalometric landmarks on the craniofacial bones were expressed as 3-D vectors originating from the center of the sella. These vectors were standardized by the matrix transformation so that the midsagittal plane and cranial base line coincided with the XZ plane and X axis of the 3-D coordinate system, respectively. We also applied this new method to trace the normal growth of the craniofacial bones in 44 patients with head and neck cancer (age range, 5 to 26 years; 19 women and 25 men).


RESULTS
The accuracy for length measurements was less than 3% of standard error of means with a slice thickness of 1 or 3 mm for 28 out of the 29 length measurements recorded. The precision errors by repeated measurements were 0.8% to 1.0% coefficients of variation for intra- and interobserver variability. Standardization of 3-D vectors representing the cephalometric landmarks allowed us to assess successfully the age-related transition of these landmarks of the patients' craniofacial bones.


CONCLUSIONS
A new assessment method for 3-D CT cephalometry has been developed by standardizing cephalometric landmarks using a matrix transformation of the 3-D coordinate system. This new assessment method may offer potential in planning plastic and reconstructive surgery.
Kitaura
H
H
Department of Radiology and Cancer Biology, Nagasaki University School of Dentistry, Japan.
Yonetsu
K
K
Kitamori
H
H
Kobayashi
K
K
Nakamura
T
T
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000375:Aging / Q000473:pathology; D000465:Algorithms; D002508:Cephalometry / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005147:Facial Bones / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000254:growth & development; D005260:Female; D006258:Head and Neck Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards*; D008297:Male; D015588:Observer Variation; D012658:Sella Turcica / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D012886:Skull / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000254:growth & development; D019291:Skull Base / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards*