The effects of glycopyrrolate on oral mucous host defenses in healthy volunteers.
We studied the effects of glycopyrrolate on oral mucous host defenses. Single IV doses of glycopyrrolate (4 microg/kg) or placebo were administered to 12 healthy volunteers in a randomized, double-blinded, cross-over study. Salivary flow rates and the concentrations/activities of total protein, amylase, and nonimmunologic (lysozyme, lactoferrin, myeloperoxidase, total salivary peroxidase, and thiocyanate) and immunologic (total immunoglobulin A, immunoglobulin G, and immunoglobulin M) mucous host defense factors were determined for paraffin-stimulated whole saliva before and 1, 3, 6, 12, 24, and 48 h after drug administration. Glycopyrrolate serum concentrations were determined before and 2, 4, 6, 10, 15, and 30 min and 1, 2, 3, 6, 12, and 24 h after IV drug injection. Salivary flow rates were decreased significantly for 12 h after glycopyrrolate injection, compared with saline injection. The concentrations of immunologic and nonimmunologic defense factors were increased in the glycopyrrolate group, and differences between the groups were found for all factors (P < 0.05-0.001) except lysozyme and total salivary peroxidase. In contrast, because of the reduced flow rate, the output of all defense factors into the saliva was decreased after glycopyrrolate injection, compared with saline injection. Glycopyrrolate thus decreases the output of salivary host defense factors into the oral cavity.


CONCLUSIONS
Glycopyrrolate induces long-lasting hyposalivation and decreases the secretion of salivary immunologic and nonimmunologic defense factors in healthy volunteers.
Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Finland.
M T
MT
Lähteenmäki
M S
MS
Salo
J O
JO
Tenovuo
A V
AV
Helminen
P J
PJ
Vilja
R K
RK
Huupponen
D000759:Adjuvants, Anesthesia / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000328:Adult; D000681:Amylases / Q000032:analysis; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D006024:Glycopyrrolate / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D007136:Immunoglobulins / Q000032:analysis; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D007781:Lactoferrin / Q000032:analysis; D008297:Male; D009061:Mouth Mucosa / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology*; D009113:Muramidase / Q000032:analysis; D009195:Peroxidase / Q000032:analysis; D012463:Saliva / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D012471:Salivary Proteins and Peptides / Q000032:analysis; D013861:Thiocyanates / Q000032:analysis
D000759:Adjuvants, Anesthesia; D007136:Immunoglobulins; D012471:Salivary Proteins and Peptides; D013861:Thiocyanates; D009195:Peroxidase; D000681:Amylases; D009113:Muramidase; D007781:Lactoferrin; C031760:thiocyanate; D006024:Glycopyrrolate