Phonosurgery in gender dysphoria.
A particular type of phonosurgery is voice change surgery in cases of gender dysphoria. This paper presents a review of the surgical techniques available for raising or lowering speaking fundamental frequency. A cricothyroid approximation to raise the vocal pitch is the most common procedure. This procedure results in an increase of about one octave immediately postoperatively and about half an octave after stabilization of the voice.
Moerman
M
M
Department of Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.
Vermeersch
H
H
Van Borsel
J
J
Wallaert
P
P
D003413:Cricoid Cartilage / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D013957:Thyroid Cartilage / Q000601:surgery*; D014189:Transsexualism; D014831:Voice