Endothelial dysfunction in hypercholesterolemia is reversed by a nutritional product designed to enhance nitric oxide activity.
The objective of this study was to investigate the vascular and biochemical effects of a formulated product in the form of a bar enriched with a combination of nutrients known to enhance the synthesis or activity of endothelium-derived nitric oxide (EDNO). Individuals with hypercholesterolemia manifest impaired flow-mediated vasodilation, which is largely due to a reduction in EDNO activity. Oral supplementation with large amounts (6-21 g/day) of L-arginine, the precursor of EDNO, have been shown to improve endothelium-mediated vasodilation in hypercholesterolemia. Such large doses are effective but may be impractical to take in capsule form. Accordingly, we have developed a nutrient bar enriched with L-arginine as well as other ingredients that additively enhance EDNO activity. A pilot study in 41 hypercholesterolemic individuals indicated that the bar was well tolerated, had no adverse effects on serum chemistries or lipid profile, and normalized endothelial vasodilator function. To definitively determine if the nutrient bar normalizes endothelial function, a double-blind, placebo-controlled study was performed. Flow-mediated endothelium-dependent vasodilation was assessed by high-resolution ultrasonography before and after 1 week of bar use (2 bars/day) in an additional group of 43 volunteer subjects (57 +/- 10 years old; 22 men, 21 women) with hypercholesterolemia. Subjects manifested an impaired flow-mediated vasodilation before the intervention. Vasodilator function in the active bar group improved to within a normal range (6.5 +/- 3% before to 10 +/- 5% after, P = 0.02; normal, 12 +/- 3%) and was significantly better (P < 0.01) than in the placebo bar group (7.1 +/- 3% before to 6.7 +/- 4% after). These findings reveal that use of a nutrient bar designed to enhance EDNO activity improves flow-mediated endothelium-dependent vasodilation in hypercholesterolemic individuals.
Maxwell
A J
AJ
Cooke Pharma, Inc., Belmont, California 94002-3928, USA.
Anderson
B
B
Zapien
M P
MP
Cooke
J P
JP
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001120:Arginine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D019587:Dietary Supplements / Q000009:adverse effects; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006937:Hypercholesterolemia / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000502:physiology*; D010349:Patient Compliance
D009569:Nitric Oxide; D001120:Arginine; D002784:Cholesterol