Oxidant signaling in vascular cell growth, death, and survival : a review of the roles of reactive oxygen species in smooth muscle and endothelial cell mitogenic and apoptotic signaling.
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been traditionally regarded as toxic byproducts of aerobic metabolism. However, ROS can also act as intracellular signaling molecules in vascular cells. ROS can mediate phenotypes in vascular endothelial and smooth muscle cells that may be considered both physiological and pathophysiological. Among these are growth, apoptosis, and survival. The specific response elicited by reactive oxygen intermediaries is determined by their specific intracellular target(s). This, in turn, is dependent on the species of oxidant(s) produced, the source and therefore subcellular localization of the oxidant(s), the kinetics of production, and the quantities produced. A fuller understanding of how ROS regulate mitogenesis and apoptosis in vascular smooth muscle and endothelial cells will permit the development of novel strategies to modify or prevent vascular diseases in which these phenotypes predominate.
Irani
K
K
Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA. kirani@mail.jhmi.edu
D017209:Apoptosis; D001161:Arteriosclerosis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D020169:Caspases / Q000502:physiology; D002455:Cell Division; D002470:Cell Survival; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism; D006973:Hypertension / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D006984:Hypertrophy; D008954:Models, Biological; D009131:Muscle, Smooth, Vascular / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D019255:NADPH Oxidases / Q000502:physiology; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000502:physiology; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010766:Phosphorylation; D011494:Protein Kinases / Q000502:physiology; D011499:Protein Processing, Post-Translational; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000502:physiology*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology*
D016328:NF-kappa B; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D019255:NADPH Oxidases; D011494:Protein Kinases; D020169:Caspases