The measurement of forces exerted during colonoscopy.
BACKGROUND
The widely varying forces used at colonoscopy have not been measured. An electronic device was designed to measure the forces exerted by the clinician on the endoscope during colonoscopy.


METHODS
The device featured a handle designed in the shape of a hinged split cylinder that could be locked around the endoscope but readily moved up and down the insertion tube as the colonoscopy proceeded. This cylinder contained strain-gauges arranged so that the forces transmitted could be accurately measured. The device recorded the torque forces in addition to the push and pull forces exerted during diagnostic colonoscopy.


RESULTS
In a series of 21 colonoscopies in 20 patients: peak pushing force = 4.4 kg, pulling force = -1.8 kg, anti-clockwise torque = 1.0 Newton meters, clockwise torque = 0.8 Newton meters. Percentage time force greater than 1 kg = 5%. Peak anal insertion force = 1.8 kg.


CONCLUSIONS
These measurements represent the first accurate measurements of the forces exerted during colonoscopy. Reducing the force during colonoscopy is likely to diminish pain and reduce the risk of perforation. A knowledge of these forces may also help with the design of new instruments and models for teaching or research.
Department of Medical Physics, University College London, Royal London Hospital, London, UK.
M N
MN
Appleyard
C A
CA
Mosse
T N
TN
Mills
G D
GD
Bell
F D
FD
Castillo
C P
CP
Swain
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D003108:Colonic Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis; D020685:Colonoscopes; D003113:Colonoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D004867:Equipment Design; D004869:Equipment Safety; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011312:Pressure