Psychiatric symptoms as late onset of Wilson's disease: neuroradiological findings, clinical features and treatment.
We describe a case of Wilson's disease with late psychiatric onset. Major depressive disorder was the first clinical manifestation at the age of 38 years. After pharmacotherapy with antidepressive agents, a manic episode was observed. Extrapyramidal hand tremor and micrography were the first neurological signs. Emotional lability occurred during worsening of extrapyramidal signs. Diagnosis was based on urinary and serum copper levels, ceruloplasmin serum level, Kayser-Fleischer ring, and liver biopsy that detected cirrhosis. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed basal ganglia hyperintensity on T1-weighted images, and hypodensity in the central part and hyperintensity in the peripheral part of the lentiform nucleus on T2-weighted images. Hyperintensity on T2-weighted images was also observed in the dorsal part of the midbrain. 123I-iodobenzamide single photon emission computed tomography (IBZM-SPECT) detected a normal distribution of the drug in the brain, with better signal in the right side and deficit of D2-dopaminergic receptors in the basal ganglia. Abnormal manganese erythrocyte level was observed. Treatment was based on penicillamine, zinc salts, low-copper diet, antidepressant agents, interpersonal psychotherapy and neurorehabilitation.
Department of Neurosciences, University of Torino, Italy.
R
R
Keller
R
R
Torta
M
M
Lagget
S
S
Crasto
B
B
Bergamasco
D000328:Adult; D017668:Age of Onset; D000928:Antidepressive Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001479:Basal Ganglia / Q000737:chemistry; D001480:Basal Ganglia Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology*; D001706:Biopsy; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology*; D001921:Brain / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D002570:Ceruloplasmin / Q000032:analysis; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D003300:Copper / Q000032:analysis; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000209:etiology*; D003951:Diagnostic Errors; D006527:Hepatolenticular Degeneration / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D016651:Lithium Carbonate / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008099:Liver / Q000473:pathology; D008103:Liver Cirrhosis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology; D008950:MMPI; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D010396:Penicillamine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017448:Receptors, Dopamine D2 / Q000172:deficiency; D015899:Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon; D014202:Tremor / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology; D015032:Zinc / Q000627:therapeutic use
D000928:Antidepressive Agents; D017448:Receptors, Dopamine D2; D016651:Lithium Carbonate; D003300:Copper; D002570:Ceruloplasmin; D010396:Penicillamine; D015032:Zinc