Urinary excretion of hippuric acid after consumption of nonalcoholic beverages.
To investigate the types and quantities of beverages that increase urinary hippuric acid (HA) excretion, the authors recruited 137 healthy medical students and divided them into quintiles according to consumption of benzoic acid (BA) in beverages. Using chromatography, urinary HA before and 1.5 hours and 3 hours after consumption of various beverages and BA consumption in the beverages were measured. The mean age of the group was 24.2 years; 21 were female. The range of BA in 13 beverages was 0-1.02 mg/mL. The geometric means of urinary HA before consuming them in five groups were 0.276, 0.270, 0.207, 0.262, and 0.316 g/L, respectively (p = 0. 567); 1.5 hours after consuming the beverages, they were 0.210, 0. 603, 1.026, 1.066, and 1.688 g/L, respectively, and significantly increased after adjustment for urinary HA before ingestion (p < 0. 001). Three hours after ingestion, the geometric means were 0.160, 0. 232, 0.306, 0.287, and 0.337 g/L, respectively (p < 0.001). The authors estimate that beverages that contain more than 100 mg BA could increase urinary HA excretion significantly, up to 1.12 g/L without toluene exposure. Checking dietary and beverage-intake histories is essential in the interpretation of urinary HA concentrations in population studies.
Department of Environmental Health, Occupational Health Program, Harvard School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115-9957, USA.
D C
DC
Christiani
S H
SH
Chang
B C
BC
Chun
W J
WJ
Lee
D000328:Adult; D019817:Benzoic Acid / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D001628:Beverages / Q000032:analysis*; D015982:Bias; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D004034:Diet Surveys; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006626:Hippurates / Q000652:urine*; D006801:Humans; D007723:Korea; D008297:Male; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000032:analysis; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013997:Time Factors; D014050:Toluene / Q000378:metabolism*
D006626:Hippurates; D014050:Toluene; D019817:Benzoic Acid; C030514:hippuric acid