Prevalence of multi-drug resistant Salmonella typhi among clinically diagnosed typhoid fever patients in Lagos, Nigeria.
A total of 635 clinically diagnosed typhoid fever patients were bled from three different health institutions in the metropolis of Lagos, Nigeria over a period of 15 months, May 1997 to July 1998. Out of the total blood cultured, 101 (15.9%) isolates of Salmonella species were isolated of which 68 (67.3%) were S. typhi, 17 (16.8%) and 16 (15.8%) were S. paratyphi A. and S. arizonae respectively. The overall isolation rate of S. typhi among patients is 10.7%, with most isolates 45.9% found among the severely-ill young adults, age group 16-30 years. All isolates were subjected to anti-microbial susceptibility testing using 12 different antibiotics: chloramphenicol, ampicillin, cotrimoxazole, gentamicin, colistin sulfate, nalidixic acid, nitrofurantoin, cefotaxime, tetracycline, streptomycin, ofloxacin and ciprofloxacin. All the S. typhi and S. paratyphi A isolates showed resistance to two or more of the 10 of 12 antibiotics tested particularly the 3-first-line antibiotics commonly used (chloramphenicol, ampicillin and cotrimoxazole) in the treatment of typhoid fever in Nigeria. No isolate showed resistance to ofloxacin and ciprofloxacin, however, nalidixic acid and gentamicin showed a moderate and appreciable inhibition to most of our isolates.
Akinyemi
K O
KO
Department of Microbiology, Lagos State University, Apapa, Nigeria. mailto:aobolaoyefolu@yahoo.com
Coker
A O
AO
Olukoya
D K
DK
Oyefolu
A O
AO
Amorighoye
E P
EP
Omonigbehin
E O
EO
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D018432:Drug Resistance, Multiple; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D008875:Middle Aged; D009549:Nigeria; D012476:Salmonella arizonae / Q000187:drug effects / Q000302:isolation & purification; D012482:Salmonella paratyphi A / Q000187:drug effects / Q000302:isolation & purification; D012485:Salmonella typhi / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D014435:Typhoid Fever / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology*
D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents