Arthrobacter flavus sp. nov., a psychrophilic bacterium isolated from a pond in McMurdo Dry Valley, Antarctica.
CMS 19YT, a psychrophilic bacterium, was isolated from a cyanobacterial mat sample from a pond in Antarctica and was characterized taxonomically. The bacterium was aerobic, gram-positive, non-spore-forming, non-motile, exhibited a rod-coccus growth cycle and produced a yellow pigment that was insoluble in water but soluble in methanol. No growth factors were required and it was able to grow between 5 and 30 degrees C, between pH 6 and pH 9 and tolerated up to 11.5% NaCl. The cell wall peptidoglycan was Lys-Thr-Ala3 (the A3alpha variant) and the major menaquinone was MK-9(H2). The G+C content of the DNA was 64+/-2 mol%. The 16S rDNA analysis indicated that CMS 19YT is closely related to group I Arthrobacter species and showed highest sequence similarity (97.91%) with Arthrobacter agilis. Furthermore, DNA-DNA. hybridization studies also indicated 77% homology between CMS 19YT and A. agilis. It differed from A. agilis, however, in that it was psychrophilic, non-motile, yellow in colour, exhibited a rod-coccus growth cycle, had a higher degree of tolerance to NaCl and was oxidase- and urease-negative and lipase-positive. In addition, it had a distinct fatty acid composition compared to that of A. agilis: the predominant fatty acids were C15:0, anteiso-C15:0, C16:0, iso-C16:0, C17:0, anteiso-C17:0 and C18:0. It is proposed, therefore, that CMS 19YT should be placed in the genus Arthrobacter as a new species, i.e. Arthrobacter flavus sp. nov. The type strain of A. flavus is CMS 19YT (= MTCC 3476T).
G S
GS
Reddy
R K
RK
Aggarwal
G I
GI
Matsumoto
S
S
Shivaji
D000864:Antarctic Regions; D001173:Arthrobacter / Q000737:chemistry / Q000145:classification* / Q000502:physiology; D001482:Base Composition; D002473:Cell Wall / Q000737:chemistry; D003470:Culture Media; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry; D004275:DNA, Ribosomal / Q000032:analysis; D005227:Fatty Acids; D005618:Fresh Water / Q000382:microbiology; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008049:Lipase; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010457:Peptidoglycan; D010802:Phylogeny; D010860:Pigments, Biological / Q000378:metabolism; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000235:genetics; D012965:Sodium Chloride; D013696:Temperature; D014812:Vitamin K; D014871:Water Microbiology
D003470:Culture Media; D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D004275:DNA, Ribosomal; D005227:Fatty Acids; D010457:Peptidoglycan; D010860:Pigments, Biological; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; D014812:Vitamin K; D012965:Sodium Chloride; D008049:Lipase