Pregnancies among New Zealand teenagers: trends, current status and international comparisons.
OBJECTIVE
To examine trends in birth and total pregnancy rates among teenage women in New Zealand, ethnic differences and international comparisons.


METHODS
Routinely collected data on births and abortions by age in New Zealand have been used to derive teenage birth rates and estimated total teenage pregnancy rates.


RESULTS
The teenage birth rate rose from the end of the Second World War until 1972, then dropped until 1986, since when it has risen slightly. An increase in the proportion of teenage pregnancies aborted since 1986 has prevented a more marked increase in the birth rate. In 1997, the teenage birth rate for Maori was nearly five times, and the Pacific rate over three times, that of European/Pakeha teenagers. Although the abortion rate was slightly higher among Maori than European/Pakeha teenagers, Maori who became pregnant were much less likely to have an abortion. Of the developed OECD countries, only the USA has a higher teenage birth rate than New Zealand. However, the teenage birth rate among European/Pakeha in New Zealand, while higher than in many Western European countries, is similar to the total rate in Australia, and less than that in the UK and Canada.


CONCLUSIONS
This analysis shows that using routinely collected data, it is possible to monitor national teenage pregnancy rates. Improvements in monitoring could be made by collecting ethnicity data on abortions and births in a consistent manner, together with the area of residence of women having abortions. The findings indicate the importance of understanding the impact on Maori women who become pregnant as teenagers and on their children.
Ngai Tahu Maori Health Research Unit, Dunedin. ndickson@gandalf.otago.ac.nz
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Dickson
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Sporle
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Rimene
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Paul
D000028:Abortion, Induced / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D000022:Abortion, Spontaneous / Q000453:epidemiology; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D001723:Birth Rate; D005260:Female; D005313:Fetal Death / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D009520:New Zealand / Q000453:epidemiology; D011159:Population Surveillance / Q000379:methods; D011247:Pregnancy; D011253:Pregnancy in Adolescence / Q000208:ethnology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*