Costimulatory molecules are active in the human xenoreactive T-cell response but not in natural killer-mediated cytotoxicity.
BACKGROUND
T-cell costimulatory blocking agents inhibit allospecific T-cell responses in vitro and prevent allograft rejection in vivo. Costimulatory requirements for discordant xenospecific cellular responses remain undefined. We have evaluated costimulatory molecule expression by porcine endothelial cells (PEC) after interaction with human cells and tested agents known to inhibit allospecific responses for their ability to inhibit xenospecific responses in vitro.


METHODS
Human-specific agents were screened for their ability to bind porcine costimulatory molecules by FACS. Up-regulation of B7 molecules on PEC was evaluated by FACS after exposure to human cells or supernatants. The effect of human and/or porcine costimulatory blockade was tested in xeno-mixed lymphocyte reactions (XMLRs) and in natural killer (NK) cell cytotoxicity assays.


RESULTS
B7 expression was induced on PEC after exposure to human T and NK cells or T cell-conditioned medium. The human XMLR was attenuated by human CTLA4-Ig and anti-human CD154 (hu5C8), and the combination was synergistic. Anti-human CD80 and CD86 antibodies alone had minor effects in the XMLR, but in combination with hu5C8 were as effective as human CTLA4-Ig plus hu5C8. Anti-hCD80 and hCD86 antibodies that did not cross-react with porcine CD80 or CD86 were as effective in blocking the MLR as those that did cross-react, indicating that the predominant costimulation in vitro was derived from the responding cells. None of the agents affected the xeno-NK response.


CONCLUSIONS
We conclude that the costimulation-modulating agents block human anti-porcine T-cell responses in vitro predominantly through interruption of costimulation derived from responding cells. They have no effect on NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity.
Tadaki
D K
DK
Immune Cell Biology Program, Naval Medical Research Center, Bethesda, Maryland 20889-5607, USA.
Craighead
N
N
Saini
A
A
Celniker
A
A
Burkly
L C
LC
Lee
K P
KP
Chute
J P
JP
Harlan
D M
DM
Kirk
A D
AD
D000069594:Abatacept; D000818:Animals; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000502:physiology; D000943:Antigens, Differentiation / Q000494:pharmacology; D018122:B7-1 Antigen / Q000502:physiology; D051940:B7-2 Antigen; D023201:CD40 Ligand; D060908:CTLA-4 Antigen; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003429:Cross Reactions; D003602:Cytotoxicity, Immunologic; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D018796:Immunoconjugates; D007694:Killer Cells, Natural / Q000276:immunology*; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000502:physiology; D013552:Swine; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D014183:Transplantation, Heterologous / Q000276:immunology*
D015703:Antigens, CD; D000943:Antigens, Differentiation; D018122:B7-1 Antigen; D051940:B7-2 Antigen; C497964:CD86 protein, human; D060908:CTLA-4 Antigen; C556706:CTLA4 protein, human; D018796:Immunoconjugates; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D023201:CD40 Ligand; D000069594:Abatacept