[Improving the visibility of intracranial vessels with the echo-enhancing substance Levovist in duplex sonography].
OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the diagnostic advantages of Levovist for contrast enhancement of intracranial arteries in a routine clinical setting.


METHODS
Routine cerebrovascular extracranial Doppler- and duplex-sonography was performed in 3990 patients (1791 female, 2189 male, mean age 50.4 years). In addition 879 trans-temporal, 990 trans-foraminal and 99 trans-orbital trans-cranial colour-coded duplex investigations were performed on these patients. Signal quality was classified in the categories: 'no signal', 'insufficient signal' and 'sufficient signal'. Patients classified as having 'no' or 'insufficient' signal quality underwent an additional examination after application of Levovist.


RESULTS
879 patients underwent trans-temporal examination. In 89 (9.1%) of these patients signal quality in the trans-temporal examination proved to be insufficient, thus indicating the use of Levovist. 346 of the examined vessels (72%) were originally classified as showing 'no signal'; this number could be reduced to 82 (23.9%) after applying Levovist. Of the 99 arteries (21%) falling into the category 'insufficient signal', only 4 (4%) did not show signal improvement after application of Levovist. 990 patients were examined by the trans-foraminal approach, and Levovist was given to just 26 patients (2.6%). Without enhancement, 20 basilar arteries (77%) showed 'no' or 'insufficient' signal, whereas after injecting Levovist only 4 (13.25%) remained in these categories. Of 13 vertebral arteries (25%) with 'no' or 'insufficient' signal intensity, 3 (5.8%) showed no improvement in imaging quality after application of Levovist.


CONCLUSIONS
Imaging problems of intracranial arteries are dramatically reduced by Levovist.
Neurologische Abteilung, Christian-Doppler-Klinik (LNK) Salzburg, Osterreich. b.iglseder@ikasbg.gv.at
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Iglseder
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Patt
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Raffer
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Hess-Eberle
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Huemer
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Staffen
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Ladurner
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002536:Cerebral Arteries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D002560:Cerebrovascular Circulation; D002941:Circle of Willis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D003287:Contrast Media; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011134:Polysaccharides; D018615:Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color; D018616:Ultrasonography, Doppler, Duplex; D017585:Ultrasonography, Doppler, Transcranial; D014711:Vertebral Artery / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*
D003287:Contrast Media; D011134:Polysaccharides; C059891:SHU 508