Techniques for analytical testing of unconventional samples.
Forensic scientists have long detected the presence of drugs and their metabolites in biological materials using body fluids such as urine, blood and/or other biological liquids or tissues. For doping analysis, only urine has so far been collected. In recent years, remarkable advances in sensitive analytical techniques have encouraged the analysis of drugs in unconventional biological samples such as hair, saliva and sweat. These samples are easily collected, although drug levels are often lower than the corresponding levels in urine or blood. This chapter reviews recent studies in the detection of doping agents in hair, saliva and sweat. Sampling, analytical procedures and interpretation of the results are discussed in comparison with those obtained from urine and blood samples.
Institute of Legal Medicine of the University, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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D001826:Body Fluids / Q000737:chemistry; D002845:Chromatography / Q000379:methods; D004300:Doping in Sports; D005188:False Negative Reactions; D005189:False Positive Reactions; D006197:Hair / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D007118:Immunoassay / Q000379:methods; D013058:Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods; D012463:Saliva / Q000737:chemistry; D015813:Substance Abuse Detection / Q000379:methods*; D013542:Sweat / Q000737:chemistry