Assessment of testicular core temperatures using microwave thermography.
A new method for the reliable assessment of testicular core temperature using microwave technology is presented. This study was designed to assess whether alterations in testicular thermoregulation could be reliably demonstrated in patients with clinically apparent varicoceles (n = 36), in those with idiopathic male infertility (n = 52) and in fertile donors (n = 20) using this new microwave thermographic technique. The measurements obtained were found to be reliable and reproducible. Testicular core temperature measurements were significantly different between the groups (P < 0.001). Furthermore, there was a temperature gradient between the scrotal neck and the testicular core in all groups; testicular core temperatures were lower than scrotal neck temperatures. The magnitude of this temperature difference was also significantly different (P < 0.001) between the groups. Microwave testicular thermography is a new technique that is safe and accurate. Preliminary results suggest altered testicular thermoregulation in a group of patients with impaired spermatogenesis with and without varicocele. Testicular temperature profiles obtained by microwave thermography may be of value in the assessment of infertile men with or without a varicocele.
Reproductive Medicine Unit, Liverpool Women's Hospital, UK.
M R
MR
Gazvani
S J
SJ
Wood
A J
AJ
Thomson
C R
CR
Kingsland
D I
DI
Lewis-Jones
D000328:Adult; D001831:Body Temperature; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D006801:Humans; D007248:Infertility, Male / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology; D007621:Karyotyping; D008297:Male; D008872:Microwaves; D012016:Reference Values; D012611:Scrotum / Q000502:physiology; D013737:Testis / Q000502:physiology*; D013817:Thermography / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D014646:Varicocele / Q000150:complications