Compound A concentrations during low-flow sevoflurane anesthesia correlate directly with the concentration of monovalent bases in carbon dioxide absorbents.
Sevoflurane degrades to Compound A, which is nephrotoxic in rats. Potassium hydroxide (KOH) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) are primary determinants of this degradation reaction. To address this, new carbon dioxide absorbents, such as Amsorb((R)) (A; Armstrong Medical, Coleraine, Northern Ireland), which contains neither KOH nor NaOH, Drägersorb 800 Plus((R)) (D; Dräger, Luebeck, Germany), and Medisorb((R)) (M; Datex-Ohmeda, Bromma, Sweden), which contain some NaOH (1% to 2%) and only trace amounts of KOH (0.003%), were recently developed. We compared Compound A concentrations using these three CO(2) absorbents during low-flow (1 L/min) sevoflurane anesthesia in surgical patients, with those using a conventional CO(2) absorbent, Drägersorb 800 (C). The mean Compound A concentrations +/- SD using C, A, D, and M were 18.7 +/- 2.5, 1.8 +/- 0.7, 13.3 +/- 3.5, and 11.2 +/- 2.6 ppm, respectively, with significant differences (P < 0.001; A versus C, A versus D, A versus M, C versus D, C versus M). Amsorb prevented the degradation of sevoflurane to Compound A, whereas Drägersorb 800 Plus and Medisorb decreased the degradation to Compound A.


CONCLUSIONS
Sevoflurane degradation to Compound A is decreased by lowering the concentration of monovalent bases in the carbon dioxide absorbent (Drägersorb 800 Plus) [Dräger, Luebeck, Germany] and Medisorb) [Datex-Ohmeda, Bromma, Sweden]) and is virtually eliminated in the absence of these bases (Amsorb) [Armstrong Medical, Coleraine, Northern Ireland]).
Department of Anesthesia, Self Defense Force Central Hospital, Tokyo, Japan. higu-chi@ka2.so-net.ne.jp
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H
Higuchi
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Adachi
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Arimura
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Kanno
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Satoh
D000042:Absorption; D000768:Anesthesia, General; D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry; D002122:Calcium Chloride; D002126:Calcium Hydroxide; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D004987:Ethers / Q000032:analysis*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006845:Hydrocarbons, Fluorinated / Q000032:analysis*; D008297:Male; D008738:Methyl Ethers / Q000737:chemistry; D008875:Middle Aged; D000077149:Sevoflurane
C400293:Amsorb; D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation; D004987:Ethers; D006845:Hydrocarbons, Fluorinated; D008738:Methyl Ethers; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D000077149:Sevoflurane; C078742:fluoromethyl 2,2-difluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl)vinyl ether; D002122:Calcium Chloride; D002126:Calcium Hydroxide