The deep inspiration breath-hold technique in the treatment of inoperable non-small-cell lung cancer.
OBJECTIVE
Conventional radiotherapeutic techniques are associated with lung toxicity that limits the treatment dose. Motion of the tumor during treatment requires the use of large safety margins that affect the feasibility of treatment. To address the control of tumor motion and decrease the volume of normal lung irradiated, we investigated the use of three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy (3D-CRT) in conjunction with the deep inspiration breath-hold (DIBH) technique.


METHODS
In the DIBH technique, the patient is initially maintained at quiet tidal breathing, followed by a deep inspiration, a deep expiration, a second deep inspiration, and breath-hold. At this point the patient is at approximately 100% vital capacity, and simulation, verification, and treatment take place during this phase of breath-holding.


RESULTS
Seven patients have received a total of 164 treatment sessions and have tolerated the technique well. The estimated normal tissue complication probabilities decreased in all patients at their prescribed dose when compared to free breathing. The dose to which patients could be treated with DIBH increased on average from 69.4 Gy to 87.9 Gy, without increasing the risk of toxicity.


CONCLUSIONS
The DIBH technique provides an advantage to conventional free-breathing treatment by decreasing lung density, reducing normal safety margins, and enabling more accurate treatment. These improvements contribute to the effective exclusion of normal lung tissue from the high-dose region and permit the use of higher treatment doses without increased risks of toxicity.
Rosenzweig
K E
KE
Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10021, USA.
Hanley
J
J
Mah
D
D
Mageras
G
G
Hunt
M
M
Toner
S
S
Burman
C
C
Ling
C C
CC
Mychalczak
B
B
Fuks
Z
Z
Leibel
S A
SA
D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D006801:Humans; D001239:Inhalation; D008171:Lung Diseases / Q000517:prevention & control; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D009068:Movement; D011832:Radiation Injuries / Q000517:prevention & control; D011880:Radiotherapy Planning, Computer-Assisted; D020266:Radiotherapy, Conformal / Q000379:methods*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D014797:Vital Capacity