Physician participation in TQM in geriatric medicine.
BACKGROUND
Quality improvement (QI) approaches such as total quality management (TQM) and continuous quality improvement (CQI) have great potential for improving the care provided to older people. Geriatricians have the necessary experience and skills to initiate and lead these QI efforts. A national sample of practicing geriatricians was surveyed in 1998 regarding involvement in, satisfaction with, and insights regarding TQM processes in four care settings.


RESULTS
Of 537 questionnaires returned in time for analysis, 497 were included for analysis after omitting questionnaires that were undeliverable or unusable (n = 25) and those from respondents who worked fewer than 20 hours per week (n = 15). More than one-third of the respondents (37.1%) reported no TQM activity at all. For the remainder, the primary site for TQM activity was the nursing home (33.0%), the hospital (22.5%), the office (11.4%), and the patient's home (3.7%). A majority of the respondents spent two hours per week or less on TQM projects. Planning an intervention and acting to maintain it in practice after its evaluation were the two stages of the improvement cycle these respondents engaged in most frequently.


CONCLUSIONS
More geriatricians should be encouraged to participate in TQM training and in specific projects to improve systems of care for older people. Incentives to increase participation should be made available. Rapid-cycle improvement may fit better with physicians' culture of working for outcomes that have relatively short turnaround times.
Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, MO 63104, USA. millerdk@slu.edu
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D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D005853:Geriatrics / Q000592:standards*; D006299:Health Services for the Aged / Q000592:standards*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010819:Physician's Role; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians'; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013647:Task Performance and Analysis; D017749:Total Quality Management; D014481:United States