Nucleotide excision repair in yeast.
In nucleotide excision repair (NER) in eukaryotes, DNA is incised on both sides of the lesion, resulting in the removal of a fragment approximately 25-30 nucleotides long. This is followed by repair synthesis and ligation. The proteins encoded by the various yeast NER genes have been purified, and the incision reaction reconstituted in vitro. This reaction requires the damage binding factors Rad14, RPA, and the Rad4-Rad23 complex, the transcription factor TFIIH which contains the two DNA helicases Rad3 and Rad25, essential for creating a bubble structure, and the two endonucleases, the Rad1-Rad10 complex and Rad2, which incise the damaged DNA strand on the 5'- and 3'-side of the lesion, respectively. Addition of the Rad7-Rad16 complex to this reconstituted system stimulates the incision reaction many fold. The various NER proteins exist in vivo as part of multiprotein subassemblies which have been named NEFs (nucleotide excision repair factors). Rad14 and Rad1-Rad10 form one subassembly called NEF1, the Rad4-Rad23 complex is named NEF2, Rad2 and TFIIH constitute NEF3, and the Rad7-Rad16 complex is called NEF4. Although much has been learned from yeast about the function of NER genes and proteins in eukaryotes, the underlying mechanisms by which damage is recognized, NEFs are assembled at the damage site, and the DNA is unwound and incised, remain to be elucidated.
Sealy Center for Molecular Science, University of Texas Medical Branch, 6.103 Medical Research Building, Galveston, TX 77555-1061, USA.
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D000251:Adenosine Triphosphatases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D064447:Checkpoint Kinase 2; D004265:DNA Helicases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D004260:DNA Repair / Q000502:physiology*; D045643:DNA Repair Enzymes; D004271:DNA, Fungal; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D004720:Endonucleases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005656:Fungal Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D005800:Genes, Fungal; D011494:Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D011995:Recombination, Genetic; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins; D015719:Single-Strand Specific DNA and RNA Endonucleases; D051758:Transcription Factor TFIIH; D014157:Transcription Factors; D015003:Yeasts / Q000235:genetics*
D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D004271:DNA, Fungal; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D005656:Fungal Proteins; C103317:MET18 protein, S cerevisiae; C489575:SSL2 protein, S cerevisiae; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors; D051758:Transcription Factor TFIIH; D011494:Protein Kinases; D064447:Checkpoint Kinase 2; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; C067022:RAD53 protein, S cerevisiae; D004720:Endonucleases; C069266:RAD1 protein, S cerevisiae; C064162:RAD10 protein, S cerevisiae; D015719:Single-Strand Specific DNA and RNA Endonucleases; D000251:Adenosine Triphosphatases; C061897:Rad3 protein, S cerevisiae; D004265:DNA Helicases; D045643:DNA Repair Enzymes