Gestational bleeding, bacterial vaginosis, and common reproductive tract infections: risk for preterm birth and benefit of treatment.
OBJECTIVE
To examine associations between bacterial vaginosis and other prevalent lower genital tract infections and clinically recognized first-trimester bleeding; possible independent and joint effects of gestational bleeding and bacterial vaginosis or other prevalent infections on preterm birth and premature rupture of membranes; and effects of antimicrobial treatment on reducing risks of preterm birth among these women.


METHODS
A secondary analysis was conducted of 1100 pregnant women enrolled in a prospective observational study that examined the effects of standardized diagnosis and treatment of lower genital tract infections to prevent preterm birth.


RESULTS
Sixty percent of women with first-trimester bleeding had one or more study infections detected at the initial examination. First-trimester bleeding was associated independently with the presence of bacterial vaginosis (odds ratio [OR] 1.5, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.0, 2.3), Trichomonas vaginalis (OR 2.3, 95% CI 1.3, 4.2), and Chlamydia trachomatis (OR 2.7, 95% CI 1.4, 5.1). Preterm birth was increased among women with first-trimester bleeding and bacterial vaginosis (relative risk [RR] 4.4, 95% CI 2.0, 9.5) and bacterial vaginosis and T vaginalis (RR 3.0, 95% CI 1.0, 8.8). Systemic antimicrobial treatment reduced the rate of preterm birth among women with bacterial vaginosis without first-trimester bleeding (RR 0.37, 95% CI 0.16, 0.88). Treatment of women with both first-trimester bleeding and bacterial vaginosis reduced preterm birth (RR 0.52, 95% CI 0.18, 1.55), but not significantly.


CONCLUSIONS
First-trimester bleeding was increased among women with bacterial vaginosis, T vaginalis, C trachomatis, and combinations of these infections. Women with bacterial vaginosis who also experienced first-trimester bleeding were at heightened risk for preterm birth. Treatment of studied infections reduced significantly the risks of preterm birth among women without first-trimester bleeding.
French
J I
JI
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at Denver Health Medical Center, and the University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, 80204, USA. jan.french@dhha.org
McGregor
J A
JA
Draper
D
D
Parker
R
R
McFee
J
J
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D005322:Premature Rupture of Fetal Membranes / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D006801:Humans; D007230:Infant, Low Birth Weight; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007752:Obstetric Labor, Premature / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D000292:Pelvic Inflammatory Disease / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology; D011247:Pregnancy; D011249:Pregnancy Complications, Cardiovascular / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology; D011261:Pregnancy Trimester, First; D018566:Pregnancy, High-Risk; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014592:Uterine Hemorrhage / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology; D016585:Vaginosis, Bacterial / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology
D000890:Anti-Infective Agents