Expression of sodium channel SNS/PN3 and ankyrin(G) mRNAs in the trigeminal ganglion after inferior alveolar nerve injury in the rat.
The inferior alveolar nerve is a sensory branch of the trigeminal nerve that is frequently damaged, and such nerve injuries can give rise to persistent paraesthesia and dysaesthesia. The mechanisms behind neuropathic pain following nerve injury is poorly understood. However, remodeling of voltage-gated sodium channels in the neuronal membrane has been proposed as one possible mechanism behind injury-induced ectopic hyperexcitability. The TTX-resistant sodium channel SNS/PN3 has been implicated in the development of neuropathic pain after spinal nerve injury. We here study the effect of chronic axotomy of the inferior alveolar nerve on the expression of SNS/PN3 mRNA in trigeminal sensory neurons. The organization of sodium channels in the neuronal membrane is maintained by binding to ankyrin, which help link the sodium channel to the membrane skeleton. Ankyrin(G), which colocalizes with sodium channels in the initial segments and nodes of Ranvier, and is necessary for normal neuronal sodium channel function, could be essential in the reorganization of the axonal membrane after nerve injury. For this reason, we here study the expression of ankyrin(G) in the trigeminal ganglion and the localization of ankyrin(G) protein in the inferior alveolar nerve after injury. We show that SNS/PN3 mRNA is down-regulated in small-sized trigeminal ganglion neurons following inferior alveolar nerve injury but that, in contrast to the persistent loss of SNS/PN3 mRNA seen in dorsal root ganglion neurons following sciatic nerve injury, the levels of SNS/PN3 mRNA appear to normalize within a few weeks. We further show that the expression of ankyrin(G) mRNA also is downregulated after nerve lesion and that these changes persist for at least 13 weeks. This decrease in the ankyrin(G) mRNA expression could play a role in the reorganization of sodium channels within the damaged nerve. The changes in the levels of SNS/PN3 mRNA in the trigeminal ganglion, which follow the time course for hyperexcitability of trigeminal ganglion neurons after inferior alveolar nerve injury, may contribute to the inappropriate firing associated with sensory dysfunction in the orofacial region.
Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, S-171 77, Sweden.
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Bongenhielm
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Nosrat
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Nosrat
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Eriksson
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Fjell
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Fried
D000818:Animals; D017487:Ankyrins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D015536:Down-Regulation; D005455:Fluorescent Antibody Technique; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D017403:In Situ Hybridization; D008297:Male; D062559:NAV1.8 Voltage-Gated Sodium Channel; D009479:Neuropeptides / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D015222:Sodium Channels / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D012668:Trigeminal Ganglion / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D061221:Trigeminal Nerve Injuries
D017487:Ankyrins; D062559:NAV1.8 Voltage-Gated Sodium Channel; D009479:Neuropeptides; D012333:RNA, Messenger; C568319:Scn10a protein, rat; D015222:Sodium Channels