title: The effect of highly active antiretroviral therapy on binding and neutralizing antibody responses to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection.
abstract: The effect on humoral immune responses of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) commenced during primary or chronic human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection was investigated. HAART inhibited the development of anti-gp120 antibodies when initiated during primary infection and could sometimes reduce antibody titers in patients treated within 2 years of HIV-1 infection. Conversely, antibody responses in patients infected for several years were less sensitive to HAART. Administering HAART during primary infection usually did not substantially affect the development of weak neutralizing antibody responses against autologous virus. However, 2 patients treated very early after infection did not develop neutralizing responses. In contrast, 3 of 4 patients intermittently adherent to therapy developed autologous neutralizing antibodies of unusually high titer, largely coincident with brief viremic periods. The induction of strong neutralizing antibody responses during primary HIV-1 infection might require the suppression of virus replication by HAART, to allow for the recovery of immune competency, followed by exposure to native envelope glycoproteins.
authors.affiliation: Weill Medical College of Cornell University, Dept. of Microbiology and Immunology, New York, NY 10021, USA. jbinley@adarc.org
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Binley
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Trkola
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ketas
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Schiller
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Clas
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Little
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Richman
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hurley
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Markowitz
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Moore
mesh_terms: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002219:Carbamates; D015224:Dideoxynucleosides / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005663:Furans; D015483:HIV Antibodies / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D016655:HIV Core Protein p24 / Q000276:immunology; D015699:HIV Envelope Protein gp120 / Q000276:immunology; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology*; D015497:HIV-1; D006801:Humans; D019259:Lamivudine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D009500:Neutralization Tests; D019438:Ritonavir / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013449:Sulfonamides / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015215:Zidovudine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000099227:Abacavir
chemical_list: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents; D002219:Carbamates; D015224:Dideoxynucleosides; D005663:Furans; D015483:HIV Antibodies; D016655:HIV Core Protein p24; D015699:HIV Envelope Protein gp120; D019259:Lamivudine; D019438:Ritonavir; D013449:Sulfonamides; D015215:Zidovudine; D000099227:Abacavir; C095108:amprenavir