title: Bactrim reduces the inflammatory response in a murine model of acute rhinosinusitis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether treatment with an antibiotic (trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole) reduced the inflammatory response in a murine form of Streptococcus pneumoniae-induced rhinosinusitis.
  
  
  METHODS
  We randomized 18 C57BL/6 mice to either treatment with intraperitoneal trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim, 30 mg/kg) or no treatment (control). After 2 days, we inoculated all C57BL/6 mice intranasally with a Bactrim-susceptible strain of Streptococcus pneumoniae, ATCC 49619, suspended in Trypticase soy broth. At day 5 after bacterial inoculation, we sacrificed the mice and prepared histopathologic sections of their sinuses after culturing their nasal cavities by lavage.
  
  
  METHODS
  Animal care facility at a tertiary, academic institution.
  
  
  METHODS
  The histopathologic sections of the sinuses were examined in a blind manner for the percent of sinus cavity area occupied by neutrophil clusters, and for the number of neutrophils per square millimeter of sinus mucosa.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The Bactrim group had a significantly smaller sinus area occupied by neutrophil clusters (1.58% +/- 1.13 vs 4.38% +/- 3.41; P < 0.05), significantly fewer neutrophils infiltrating the mucosa (58.81 +/- 29.63/mm2 vs 105.85 +/- 48.49/mm2; P < 0.05), and significantly less growth of Streptococcus pneumoniae colonies in the intranasal cultures (8 few and 1 moderate vs 3 few, 3 moderate, and 1 many; P = 0.05) compared to the control group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In our murine model of acute rhinosinusitis, Bactrim decreased the number of neutrophil clusters in the sinus cavities, the number of neutrophils infiltrating the sinus mucosa, and the growth of Streptococcus pneumoniae. We propose that our murine model can be used for the study of the pathophysiology and treatment of acute rhinosinusitis.
authors.affiliation: Section of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Chicago, Illinois, USA.
authors.forename: Y S
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Won
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Brichta
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Baroody
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Boonlayangoor
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Naclerio
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D007249:Inflammation / Q000188:drug therapy; D007958:Leukocyte Count; D051379:Mice; D009504:Neutrophils; D012220:Rhinitis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology; D012852:Sinusitis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology; D013290:Streptococcal Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000382:microbiology; D013296:Streptococcus pneumoniae / Q000254:growth & development; D015662:Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D015662:Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination