title: Prospective phase II trial of alternating intravesical Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) and interferon alpha IIB in the treatment and prevention of superficial transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder: preliminary results.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of alternating intravesical instillation of Bacillus Calmette-Guerin(BCG) and Interferon alpha2-b (IFN) in the treatment and prevention of recurrence of superficial transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of the urinary bladder.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients with Ta, T1 tumors and carcinoma in situ, either recurrent (TaG1, T1G1) or primary/recurrent TaG2 TaG3, T1G2, T1G3 and Tis (T: Tumor stage, G: grade) are eligible. All patients received intravesical BCG 81 mg on Weeks 1, 3, 5 and 7 and IFN 100 million units on Weeks 2, 4, 6 and 8. Cystoscopy performed 4 weeks after completion of therapy, and every 3 months thereafter.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was a total of 37 patients. Thirteen had TaG2, 13 T1G2, 1 T1G1, 4 TaG1, 1 TaG3, 3 T1G3 and 7 Tis (5 concurrent with other above tumors). Index lesion cleared in 7/10 patients. With a median follow-up of 26.2 month, 22 patients (59%) failed above therapy. Median time to treatment failure was 7 months. Seven, 6 and 9 patients recurred at a higher, lower and same stage or grade respectively. No grade 3 or 4 toxicity was encountered.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Alternating intravesical BCG and IFN is effective and well tolerated therapy for superficial TCC of urinary bladder.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. bazarbashi@kfshrc.edu.sa
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bazarbashi
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Raja
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: El Sayed
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ezzat
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ibrahim
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kattan
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kardar
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Peracha
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lindstedt
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hanash
mesh_terms: D000283:Administration, Intravesical; D000328:Adult; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001500:BCG Vaccine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D002295:Carcinoma, Transitional Cell / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D000077190:Interferon alpha-2; D016898:Interferon-alpha / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*
chemical_list: C087507:BCG Connaught; D001500:BCG Vaccine; D000077190:Interferon alpha-2; D016898:Interferon-alpha; D011994:Recombinant Proteins