Morphogenetic messages are in the extracellular matrix: biotechnology from bench to bedside.
The origin and evolution of multicellular metazoa was accompanied by the appearance of extracellular matrix. The demineralized extracellular matrix of bone is enriched in morphogenetic proteins that induce bone. Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are intimately bound to collagens. BMP-4 has high affinity for type-IV collagen, and other binding proteins such as noggin and chordin. Soluble morphogens are kept in the solid state by extracellular matrix. In this sense Nature used the principles of affinity matrices long before humans patented the principle of affinity chromatography.
Reddi
A H
AH
Center for Tissue Regeneration and Repair and Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, Davis, Medical Center, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA. ahreddi@ucdavis.edu
D000818:Animals; D001846:Bone Development; D055415:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 4; D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000502:physiology*; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D002356:Cartilage / Q000378:metabolism; D002417:Cattle; D002633:Chemotaxis; D003094:Collagen / Q000378:metabolism; D005109:Extracellular Matrix / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D006023:Glycoproteins / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D051379:Mice; D011485:Protein Binding; D011506:Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D000099176:Noggin Protein
D055415:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 4; D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D003094:Collagen; D006023:Glycoproteins; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D011506:Proteins; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D000099176:Noggin Protein; C525809:BMP4 protein, human; C525810:Bmp4 protein, mouse; C054234:chordin