title: Elevated plasma fatty acid concentrations stimulate the cardiac autonomic nervous system in healthy subjects.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Fatty acids have been shown to stimulate the sympathetic nervous system in rats. Power spectral analysis of heart rate variability (HRV) is a safe and useful tool with which to evaluate cardiac autonomic nervous system (ANS) activity. Whether changes in plasma fatty acid concentrations affect the sympathetic nervous system or HRV in humans is unknown.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We investigated the possible changes in HRV after a significant increase in plasma fatty acid concentration.
  
  
  METHODS
  Subjects were randomly assigned to receive an infusion of lipid emulsion (10% triacylglycerol emulsion for 180 min) + heparin (a bolus of 200 U followed by 0.2 U*min(-)(1)*kg body wt(-)(1); n = 20) or 0.9% NaCl (for 180 min; n = 10).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Lipid emulsion + heparin infusion was associated with a rise in plasma epinephrine and norepinephrine concentrations. The rise in plasma fatty acid concentration was associated with a significant decline in the RR interval (P: < 0.03) and in total power (P: < 0.03). Analysis of the different components of HRV showed that lipid emulsion + heparin infusion stimulated low- frequency (LF) components (P: < 0.03 at the second hour and P: < 0. 01 at the third hour) and inhibited high-frequency (HF) components (P: < 0.03 at the second and third hours). Consequently, the LF-HF ratio was significantly stimulated (P: < 0.03 at the second hour and P: < 0.01 at the third hour). Such results persisted, although attenuated, when the study was repeated in association with a propranolol infusion (n = 8).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Elevated plasma fatty acid concentrations may stimulate cardiac autonomic nervous system activity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Geriatric Medicine and Metabolic Diseases, II University of Naples, Italy. gpaoliss@tin.it
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Paolisso
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Manzella
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Rizzo
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ragno
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Barbieri
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Varricchio
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Varricchio
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000889:Anti-Arrhythmia Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D001341:Autonomic Nervous System / Q000502:physiology*; D004655:Emulsions; D004837:Epinephrine / Q000097:blood; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000097:blood*; D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D006329:Heart Conduction System / Q000502:physiology*; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000187:drug effects; D006493:Heparin / Q000494:pharmacology; D006728:Hormones / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D008055:Lipids / Q000494:pharmacology; D009638:Norepinephrine / Q000097:blood; D009994:Osmolar Concentration; D011433:Propranolol / Q000494:pharmacology; D012016:Reference Values
chemical_list: D000889:Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; D004655:Emulsions; D005227:Fatty Acids; D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents; D006728:Hormones; D008055:Lipids; D006493:Heparin; D011433:Propranolol; D009638:Norepinephrine; D004837:Epinephrine