title: The value of the Kurtzke Functional Systems Scales in predicting incomplete bladder emptying.
abstract: METHODS
  A field study was conducted in 40 patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) by comparing their residual urine volumes with the Kurtzke Functional Systems Scales for pyramidal (PFS) or bladder functions (BFS).
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether raised residual urine volumes necessitating intermittent self catheterisation can be predicted by the PFS or BFS.
  
  
  METHODS
  Department of Uro-Neurology, The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College London Hospitals Trust, London, UK.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 40 patients with MS, post micturition residual volumes were measured with ultrasound prior to any treatment of bladder dysfunction. The patients' symptoms were assessed using PFS and BFS. Correlation between PFS, BFS and post micturition residual volumes were calculated as were sensitivity and specificity of PFS and BFS in predicting incomplete bladder emptying with residuals above 100 ml.
  
  
  RESULTS
  None of the patients with a PFS or BFS of 0 or 1 had a residual of more than 100 ml. There was a linear progression of maximal residuals with PFS and BFS. Correlation between PFS (BFS) and the post micturition residual volumes was 0.37 (0.71).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Unless a patient with MS has a PFS or BFS of greater than 1 they are unlikely to have incomplete bladder emptying with post micturition residual volumes above 100 ml. With PFS of BFS greater than 1 measurement of the post voiding residual volume is mandatory.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroradiology, University of Heidelberg Medical School, Germany.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kirchhof
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Fowler
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology; D010243:Paralysis / Q000503:physiopathology; D010291:Paresis / Q000503:physiopathology; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011712:Pyramidal Tracts / Q000503:physiopathology; D001750:Urinary Bladder, Neurogenic / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology*