title: Body dimensions and birth and organ weights of calves derived from in vitro produced embryos cultured with or without serum and oviduct epithelium cells.
abstract: Body dimensions, birth and organ weights of calves derived from embryos produced in 2 in vitro culture systems (modified SOFaa with 20% cattle serum and co-cultured with oviduct-epithelium cells [IVPserum, n=8], and modified SOFaa with 3 mg/mL PVA [IVPdefined, n=6]) were compared with calves originating from artificial insemination (AI, n=85). Three additional IVP calves were included which had been vitrified as mature oocytes by the open pulled straw (OPS) method, warmed, fertilized and cultured to the blastocyst stage in modified SOFaa with 5% cattle serum, then again OPS-vitrified and warmed prior to transfer (IVPops, n=3). At birth, gestation length and birth weights were registered for all calves. At 1 wk of age all 17 IVP and 7 of the AI calves were killed, and their body dimensions and organ weights recorded. Birth weight was higher for the IVPserum and IVPops calves than for AI control calves (kg +/- SEM: IVPserum 46.9+/-1.8, IVPops 50.6+/-2.4, AI 41.8+/-0.8; P < 0.002). There was no difference between IVP and AI calves regarding gestation length and no effect of culture conditions on body dimensions or organ weights, except for longer hind legs in IVPdefined calves compared with AI calves (cm +/- SEM: IVPdefined 93+/-2, AI 87+/-2; P < 0.04). The IVPops calves had an increased liver weight compared with AI and the other IVP calves (g +/- SEM: IVPops 1.457+/-59; AI 1,117+/-37; IVPserum 1,159+/-34, IVPdefined 1,073+/-39; P < 0.0003). It is concluded that in vitro culture of bovine embryos in the presence of serum and oviduct epithelium cells increased birth weight but not organ weight and body dimension in 1-wk-old calves. However, vitrification of the ova as oocyte and again as blastocysts increased birth weight and liver size. This possible effect of cryopreservation of oocytes on subsequent fetal development awaits further investigation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Studies, Reproduction, The Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University, Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Jacobsen
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schmidt
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Holm
authors.forename: P T
authors.initials: PT
authors.lastname: Sangild
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Vajta
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Greve
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Callesen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D001724:Birth Weight / Q000502:physiology*; D001921:Brain / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D002417:Cattle / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000196:embryology / Q000502:physiology; D018920:Coculture Techniques; D016895:Culture Media, Serum-Free; D004624:Embryo Transfer / Q000662:veterinary*; D004847:Epithelial Cells; D004973:Estrus Synchronization; D005187:Fallopian Tubes / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D005307:Fertilization in Vitro / Q000662:veterinary*; D006321:Heart / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D007315:Insemination, Artificial / Q000662:veterinary; D007668:Kidney / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D008099:Liver / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D008168:Lung / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D008297:Male; D009865:Oocytes / Q000502:physiology; D009929:Organ Size; D011247:Pregnancy; D013154:Spleen / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D013950:Thymus Gland / Q000033:anatomy & histology
chemical_list: D016895:Culture Media, Serum-Free