title: Toxic pseudomembranous colitis in a patient with ulcerative colitis.
abstract: Toxic colitis is a severe disease that may be caused by several inflammatory and/or infectious diseases. Ulcerative colitis is one of the most frequent causes of toxic colitis in the United States. Toxic megacolon complicating Clostridium difficile colitis is a rare occurrence with significant morbidity and mortality.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 52-year-old male presented with rectal bleeding and tenesmus. He had been treated for amebiasis with metronidazole, and had improved. Two weeks later, symptoms recurred, and he was referred to our hospital. A sigmoidoscopy and biopsies demonstrated mucosal ulcerative colitis. He underwent treatment with systemic prednisone, mesalamine, and hydrocortisone enemas with adequate response. He was asymptomatic for 2 months, but later presented with a tender abdomen and rectal bleeding. Plain abdominal and thorax films showed colonic distention and free intraperitoneal air. Emergency laparotomy was performed, and an inflamed and distended colon, with free inflammatory liquid in the peritoneum, was found. A total abdominal colectomy with temporary ileostomy and Hartmann's pouch was performed. The histopathology analysis demonstrated a Clostridium difficile pseudomembranous colitis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The presence of toxic megacolon due to Clostridium difficile in patients with ulcerative colitis is a rare complication that may be suspected in patients with initial relapse who are on antibiotics.
authors.affiliation: Service of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Instituto Nacional de la Nutricion Salvador Zubiran, Mexico City, Mexico.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: García-Osogobio
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gamboa-Domínguez
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Medina
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Arch
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Mass
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sierra-Madero
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Uscanga
mesh_terms: D015746:Abdominal Pain / Q000209:etiology; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003082:Colectomy; D003093:Colitis, Ulcerative / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D004761:Enterocolitis, Pseudomembranous / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology* / Q000601:surgery; D006471:Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D007081:Ileostomy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013256:Steroids; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D013256:Steroids