title: Hearing conservation for farmers: source apportionment of occupational and environmental factors contributing to hearing loss.
abstract: Those who work on farms continue to have a strikingly high prevalence of hearing loss, despite efforts to promote hearing conservation in agriculture. To develop improved hearing conservation programs, we performed a source apportionment analysis for hearing loss in a large, multiphasic health survey, the New York Farm Family Health and Hazard Survey. We used information from audiometric, otoscopic, and tympanometric examinations; detailed general health and farm exposure interviews; and a second interview that focused on additional potential determinants of hearing loss. Hearing loss on audiometry was significantly associated with increased age, male gender, education through high school or less, lifetime years of hunting with guns, lifetime years of use of a grain dryer, and a history of spraying crops during the previous year. Hearing conservation programs for farmers should thus be directed toward reduction in noise exposure, both from occupational and non-occupational sources. Additional study is needed to evaluate the association seen between crop spraying and hearing loss.
authors.affiliation: Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, NY 14642, USA. Bill_Beckett@urmc.rochester.edu
authors.forename: W S
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Beckett
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Chamberlain
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Hallman
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: May
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Hwang
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gomez
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Eberly
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cox
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Stark
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000382:Agricultural Workers' Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D001299:Audiometry; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects; D005260:Female; D006306:Health Surveys; D006311:Hearing Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009623:Noise, Occupational / Q000009:adverse effects*; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects; D011336:Probability; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology