title: Genetic epidemiology of hepatitis C virus throughout egypt.
abstract: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a major health problem in Egypt, where the seroprevalence is 10-20-fold higher than that in the United States. To characterize the HCV genotype distribution and concordance of genotype assessments on the basis of multiple genomic regions, specimens were obtained from blood donors in 15 geographically diverse governorates throughout Egypt. The 5' noncoding, core/E1, and NS5B regions were amplified by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and analyzed by both restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and phylogenetic tree construction. For the 5' noncoding region, 122 (64%) of 190 specimens were amplified and analyzed by RFLP: 111 (91%) were genotype 4, 1 (1%) was genotype 1a, 1 (1%) was genotype 1b, and 9 (7%) could not be typed. Phylogenetic analyses of the core/E1 and NS5B regions confirmed the genotype 4 preponderance and revealed evidence of 3 new subtypes. Analysis of genetic distance between isolates was consistent with the introduction of multiple virus strains 75-140 years ago, and no clustering was detected within geographic regions, suggesting widespread dispersion at some time since then.
authors.affiliation: Division of Infectious Diseases, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA. sray@jhmi. edu
authors.forename: S C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Ray
authors.forename: R R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Arthur
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Carella
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bukh
authors.forename: D L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Thomas
mesh_terms: D001782:Blood Donors; D004534:Egypt / Q000453:epidemiology; D005838:Genotype; D016174:Hepacivirus / Q000235:genetics*; D006526:Hepatitis C / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D010802:Phylogeny; D012150:Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length; D012324:RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase / Q000235:genetics; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D016036:Seroepidemiologic Studies; D014759:Viral Envelope Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D017361:Viral Nonstructural Proteins / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: C087035:E1 protein, Hepatitis C virus; D014759:Viral Envelope Proteins; D017361:Viral Nonstructural Proteins; C087036:NS-5 protein, hepatitis C virus; D012324:RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase