title: Comparison of wrist blood pressure measurement with conventional sphygmomanometry at a cardiology outpatient clinic.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Oscillometric measurement of blood pressure at the wrist is becoming a widely used method for detection of hypertension and its control by treatment. The objective of the present study was to evaluate accuracy and suitability of wrist measurement in a clinical routine setting.
  
  
  METHODS
  A series of 333 consecutive patients admitted to our cardiology outpatient clinic were included. Blood pressure was measured at both upper arms according to World Health Organization-International Society of Hypertension guidelines. Oscillometric measurement was performed at the contralateral wrist simultaneously. Blood pressure readings were taken by an oscillometric device applied at the wrist ('Klock'; Industrielle Entwicklung Medizintechnik, Stolberg, Germany) and a conventional mercury sphygmomanometer applied at the upper arm.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seventy-eight patients were excluded due to differences in blood pressure > 5 mmHg between both upper arms or due to 'error' messages of the wrist device. The data of the remaining 255 patients (149 males; mean age, 65 +/- 13 years; range, 18-95 years) are presented. Mean conventional blood pressure was significantly lower compared with the wrist device (137 +/- 20/80 +/- 11 mmHg versus 153 +/- 28/87 +/- 18 mmHg; P < 0.001 and P < 0.001). The mean difference was 16 +/- 25/6 +/- 17 mmHg. In clinical terms, differences in blood pressure exceeding +/-20/+/-10 mmHg reflecting classification of hypertension are considered important. Measurements of 101 (40%) patients were within these limits. Systolic readings of 110 (43%) and diastolic readings of 117 patients (46%) were beyond this scope.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Due to low reliability of wrist blood pressure measurement, it cannot compete with the upper arm standard procedure. If ever, it should only be used if test readings in an individual comparing wrist and upper arm measurement show differences within a range of +/-20/+/-10 mmHg.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Karl-Franzens-University of Graz, Austria. robert.zweiker@kfunigraz.ac.at
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zweiker
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schumacher
authors.forename: F M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Fruhwald
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Watzinger
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Klein
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D001795:Blood Pressure Determination / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D016507:Cardiology Service, Hospital; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009726:Nurses; D010044:Outpatient Clinics, Hospital; D014953:Wrist / Q000502:physiology