title: The ubiquitin-proteasome pathway mediates the regulated degradation of mammalian 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase.
abstract: 3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase (HMGR), the key regulatory enzyme in the mevalonate (MVA) pathway, is rapidly degraded in mammalian cells supplemented with sterols or MVA. This accelerated turnover was blocked by N-acetyl-leucyl-leucyl-norleucinal (ALLN), MG-132, and lactacystin, and to a lesser extent by N-acetyl-leucyl-leucyl-methional (ALLM), indicating the involvement of the 26 S proteasome. Proteasome inhibition led to enhanced accumulation of high molecular weight polyubiquitin conjugates of HMGR and of HMGal, a chimera between the membrane domain of HMGR and beta-galactosidase. Importantly, increased amounts of polyubiquitinated HMGR and HMGal were observed upon treating cells with sterols or MVA. Cycloheximide inhibited the sterol-stimulated degradation of HMGR concomitantly with a marked reduction in polyubiquitination of the enzyme. Inhibition of squalene synthase with zaragozic acid blocked the MVA- but not sterol-stimulated ubiquitination and degradation of HMGR. Thus, similar to yeast, the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway is involved in the metabolically regulated turnover of mammalian HMGR. Yet, the data indicate divergence between yeast and mammals and suggest distinct roles for sterol and nonsterol metabolic signals in the regulated ubiquitination and degradation of mammalian HMGR.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Lipid and Atherosclerosis Research, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer 52621, Israel.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ravid
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Doolman
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Avner
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Harats
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Roitelman
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D019086:Bridged Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic / Q000494:pharmacology; D002460:Cell Line; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000494:pharmacology; D006224:Cricetinae; D003513:Cycloheximide / Q000494:pharmacology; D015853:Cysteine Proteinase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D013186:Farnesyl-Diphosphate Farnesyltransferase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D006801:Humans; D006888:Hydroxycholesterols / Q000494:pharmacology; D006903:Hydroxymethylglutaryl CoA Reductases / Q000378:metabolism*; D007976:Leupeptins / Q000494:pharmacology; D008148:Lovastatin / Q000494:pharmacology; D009842:Oligopeptides / Q000494:pharmacology; D010447:Peptide Hydrolases / Q000378:metabolism*; D011233:Precipitin Tests; D046988:Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D014233:Tricarboxylic Acids / Q000494:pharmacology; D014452:Ubiquitins / Q000378:metabolism*; D001616:beta-Galactosidase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D019086:Bridged Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic; D015853:Cysteine Proteinase Inhibitors; D006888:Hydroxycholesterols; D007976:Leupeptins; D009842:Oligopeptides; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D014233:Tricarboxylic Acids; D014452:Ubiquitins; C063261:acetylleucyl-leucyl-norleucinal; C069861:calpain inhibitor 2; C075117:squalestatin 1; C007997:25-hydroxycholesterol; D002784:Cholesterol; D003513:Cycloheximide; D008148:Lovastatin; D006903:Hydroxymethylglutaryl CoA Reductases; D013186:Farnesyl-Diphosphate Farnesyltransferase; D001616:beta-Galactosidase; D010447:Peptide Hydrolases; D046988:Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex; C061553:ATP dependent 26S protease; C072553:benzyloxycarbonylleucyl-leucyl-leucine aldehyde