title: Sensory innervation of the sacroiliac joint in rats.
abstract: METHODS
  The segmental levels of dorsal root ganglions innervating the sacroiliac joint in rats were investigated using the retrograde transport method. The pathways and functions of the nerve fibers supplying the sacroiliac joint were determined by immunohistochemical detection of transported tracer.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To study the sensory innervation of the sacroiliac joint and to elucidate the neural pathways of low back pain originating from the sacroiliac joint.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  The sacroiliac joint is a possible source of low back pain. The L4-S4 spinal nerves have been regarded as the nerves innervating the sacroiliac joint in humans. However, the origins of nerve fibers have not been analyzed experimentally with tracer methods.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cholera toxin B subunit, a neural tracer, was injected into the left sacroiliac joint of adult rats, and the bilateral dorsal root ganglions were immunohistochemically examined 4 days after injection. In another rat group, the dorsal root ganglions were examined using the same methods after resection of the left sympathetic trunk from L2 to the most caudal level. Thus, the pathways of the nerve fibers supplying the sacroiliac joint were investigated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Labeled neurons were mainly located in the ipsilateral dorsal root ganglions from L1 to S2 of the unsympathectomized rats and in the ipsilateral dorsal root ganglions from L4 to S2 of the sympathectomized rats.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The sacroiliac joint was innervated by sensory neurons in dorsal root ganglions ipsilateral to the joint from L1 to S2. Sensory fibers from the L1 and L2 dorsal root ganglions passed through the paravertebral sympathetic trunk.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and First Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Chiba University, Japan. murata@anatlab1.m.chiba-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Murata
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yamagata
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shimada
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Moriya
mesh_terms: D000320:Adrenergic Fibers / Q000502:physiology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D000344:Afferent Pathways / Q000166:cytology* / Q000502:physiology; D000818:Animals; D018771:Arthralgia / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D001370:Axonal Transport / Q000502:physiology; D002452:Cell Count; D002772:Cholera Toxin; D005727:Ganglia, Spinal / Q000166:cytology* / Q000502:physiology; D005728:Ganglia, Sympathetic / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology; D017116:Low Back Pain / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D009475:Neurons, Afferent / Q000166:cytology* / Q000502:physiology; D051381:Rats; D012446:Sacroiliac Joint / Q000166:cytology* / Q000294:innervation* / Q000502:physiology; D013116:Spinal Cord / Q000166:cytology* / Q000502:physiology; D013562:Sympathectomy / Q000009:adverse effects
chemical_list: D002772:Cholera Toxin