title: Endoscopic goniotomy with the free electron laser in congenital glaucoma rabbits.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Goniotomy is a surgical treatment of choice to treat primary infantile glaucoma. Goniotomy has been studied in vitro in animal and human cadaver eyes with several lasers. The objective of this study was to investigate the functional and morphologic effectiveness of goniotomy with the free electron laser in comparison with conventional needle goniotomy in early congenital glaucoma rabbits.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ten rabbits with early congenital glaucoma underwent goniotomy over 100 to 120 degrees with a needle or the free electron laser. The wavelength was 6.45 microm, and the energy level ranged from 2.2 to 3.5 mJ at 30 Hz. Because most corneas were edematous in these rabbits, an Olympus 0.8-mm diameter endoscope was coupled to the laser waveguide or the needle and inserted into the anterior chamber filled with a viscoelastic material to perform the goniotomy. Intraocular pressures were followed up to 3 weeks before an acute goniotomy was performed in the contralateral eye. All eye specimens were processed for light microscopic evaluation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Incision of the pectinate ligaments and underlying trabecular meshwork was visualized through the endoscope on a video monitor during the surgeries. The mean intraocular pressure decreased after free electron laser goniotomy and after needle goniotomy, and the edematous corneas became clear in some cases. Histologic study showed successful lysing of the pectinate ligaments by the free electron laser with no obvious collateral thermal damage. However, some areas of peripheral anterior synechiae occurred. Similar results were observed in needle goniotomy cases.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The free electron laser is capable of performing goniotomy in rabbit eyes with lower intraocular pressures in treated eyes 3 weeks after surgery. The histologic results of free electron laser goniotomy are comparable to those of conventional goniotomy. The endoscope provides beneficial visualization to perform the goniotomy in eyes with edematous corneas. The rabbit with early congenital glaucoma is also a useful infantile glaucoma surgical model.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Shetlar
authors.forename: K M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Joos
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000867:Anterior Chamber / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D005901:Glaucoma / Q000151:congenital* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D006068:Gonioscopy; D007429:Intraocular Pressure; D053685:Laser Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D011817:Rabbits; D014130:Trabeculectomy / Q000379:methods*; D020535:Video-Assisted Surgery