title: Role of transurethral biopsy sampling of the prostate to diagnose prostate cancer in men undergoing surgical intervention for benign prostatic hyperplasia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Newer minimally invasive surgical procedures are being used to treat men with significant benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). These modalities do not allow retrieval of prostate tissue for histologic review. The goal of our study was to assess the value of transurethral biopsies in detecting prostate cancer in men who would undergo surgical intervention for BPH.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between September 1997 and January 1999, 422 men undergoing transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) had transurethral biopsies obtained before completing the TURP. Pathology reports as well as prostate-specific antigen (PSA) results were reviewed and analyzed to determine when cancer was present.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Pathological examination revealed that cancer was found in 53 men (12.5%). The transurethral biopsies detected cancer in 32 of 53 (60.4%). No cancers were found in the transurethral biopsy specimen only. Of the 21 cancers missed by transurethral biopsy, 7 were stage T1b. PSA level >10 ng/mL increased the likelihood of finding cancer.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Transurethral biopsy sampling is unreliable for detecting prostate cancer in men with clinically significant BPH. Significant cancers are missed if transurethral biopsies are used to determine the presence of carcinoma before minimally invasive surgical therapy for BPH.
authors.affiliation: Section of Urology, University of Chicago Hospitals, Illinois, USA.
authors.forename: G T
authors.initials: GT
authors.lastname: Bales
authors.forename: T J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Flynn
authors.forename: H G
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Kynaston
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Golash
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hart
authors.forename: H L
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: G S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Gerber
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001707:Biopsy, Needle; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011300:Preoperative Care; D011446:Prospective Studies; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000032:analysis*; D011470:Prostatic Hyperplasia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D020728:Transurethral Resection of Prostate
chemical_list: D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen