title: Simultaneous occurrence of multiple aetiologies of polycythaemia: renal cell carcinoma, sleep apnoea syndrome, and relative polycythaemia in a smoker with masked polycythaemia rubra vera.
abstract: A 58 year old male heavy smoker presented with intracranial haemorrhage and erythrocytosis. Four aetiologies of polycythaemia--polycythaemia rubra vera (PRV), renal cell carcinoma, sleep apnoea syndrome, and relative polycythaemia--were found to be associated with the underlying causes of erythrocytosis. He did not fulfill the diagnostic criteria for PRV at initial presentation, but an erythropoietin independent erythroid progenitor assay identified the masked PRV, and the low post-phlebotomy erythropoietin concentration also suggested the likelihood of PRV evolution. This case demonstrates that a search for all the possible causes of erythrocytosis is warranted in patients who already have one aetiology of polycythaemia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taipei, Taiwan. sly7012@adm.cgmh.com.tw
authors.forename: L Y
authors.initials: LY
authors.lastname: Shih
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Fu
mesh_terms: D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000150:complications*; D015672:Erythroid Precursor Cells / Q000378:metabolism; D004921:Erythropoietin / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D020300:Intracranial Hemorrhages / Q000150:complications*; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000150:complications*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011086:Polycythemia / Q000209:etiology*; D011087:Polycythemia Vera / Q000150:complications*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods; D012891:Sleep Apnea Syndromes / Q000150:complications*; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects
chemical_list: D012333:RNA, Messenger; D004921:Erythropoietin