title: Individual Escherichia coli cells studied from light scattering with the scanning flow cytometer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Flow cytometry is a powerful tool for the analysis of individual particles in a flow. Differential light scattering (an indicatrix) was used for many years to obtain morphologic information about microorganisms. The indicatrices play the same role for individual particle recognition as a spectrum for substance characterization. We combined two techniques to analyze the indicatrix of the cells for the purpose of developing a database of light-scattering functions of cells.
  
  
  METHODS
  The scanning flow cytometer (SFC) allows the measurement of the entire indicatrix of individual particles at polar angles ranging from 5 degrees to 100 degrees. In this work, light-scattering properties of Escherichia coli have been studied both experimentally and theoretically with the SFC and the T-matrix method, respectively. The T-matrix method was used because of the nonspherical shape of E. coli cells, which were modeled by a prolate spheroid.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The indicatrices of E. coli cells were stimulated with T-matrix method at polar angles ranging from 10 degrees to 60 degrees. The absolute cross-section of light scattering of E. coli has been determined comparing the cross section of polystyrene particles modeled by a homogeneous sphere. The E. coli indicatrices were compared for logarithmic and stationary phases of cell growth.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The indicatrices of E. coli were reproducible and could be used for identification of these cells in biologic suspensions. The angular location of the indicatrix minimum can be used in separation of cells in logarithmic and stationary phases. To use effectively the indicatrices for that purpose, the light-scattering properties of other microorganisms have to be studied.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion, Institutskaya 3, Novosibirsk, Russia.
authors.forename: A N
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Shvalov
authors.forename: J T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Soini
authors.forename: I V
authors.initials: IV
authors.lastname: Surovtsev
authors.forename: G V
authors.initials: GV
authors.lastname: Kochneva
authors.forename: G F
authors.initials: GF
authors.lastname: Sivolobova
authors.forename: A K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Petrov
authors.forename: V P
authors.initials: VP
authors.lastname: Maltsev
mesh_terms: D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000166:cytology* / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D005434:Flow Cytometry / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D008828:Microbiological Techniques; D012542:Scattering, Radiation