title: Post-treatment at 12 or 18 hours with 3-aminobenzamide ameliorates retinal ischemia-reperfusion damage.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The window of protection afforded by 3-aminobenzamide (3-ABA), a poly-(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitor, against apoptotic loss of inner retinal elements after ischemia-reperfusion insult in rats was examined.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ischemia-reperfusion injury to the retinas in albino Lewis rats was induced by elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) through cannulation of the anterior chamber with a needle connected to a saline column delivering a pressure of 110 mm Hg. The ischemic period was held at 60 minutes, and reperfusion was established immediately afterward. 3-Aminobenzamide (3-ABA) was administered intravitreally at 0, 4, 8, 12, 18, or 24 hours after reperfusion and its effect evaluated by morphology and morphometry of the inner retinas at 7 days after reperfusion. Immunohistochemistry of poly-(ADP-ribose), a product of PARP activity, and Western blot analysis for PARP were performed on retinas at 0, 4, 8, 12, 18, and 24 hours after reperfusion.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Morphology and morphometry showed significantly better preserved inner retinas in animals receiving 3-ABA between 12 and 18 hours after reperfusion. Immunohistochemical study of poly-(ADP-ribose) showed elevated levels at the retinal ganglion cell layer and the inner nuclear layer at 12 and 18 hours after reperfusion. Western blot analysis of PARP showed a notable increase in the 116-kDa band (PARP) from 4 to 18 hours after reperfusion.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Administration of 3-ABA at 12 or 18 hours after ischemia, when there was accumulation of poly-(ADP-ribose) in the inner retina, significantly ameliorated retinal ischemia-reperfusion injury. These findings, together with earlier reports from our laboratory, are consistent with a late and pivotal role of PARP in apoptotic loss of inner retinal elements after ischemia-reperfusion insult to the retina.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong.
authors.forename: S K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Chiang
authors.forename: T T
authors.initials: TT
authors.lastname: Lam
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001549:Benzamides / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015153:Blotting, Western; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007267:Injections; D008297:Male; D011064:Poly Adenosine Diphosphate Ribose / Q000378:metabolism; D000067856:Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerase Inhibitors; D051381:Rats; D011917:Rats, Inbred Lew; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D012164:Retinal Diseases / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D014822:Vitreous Body
chemical_list: D001549:Benzamides; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D000067856:Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerase Inhibitors; D011064:Poly Adenosine Diphosphate Ribose; C025160:3-aminobenzamide