title: Noninvasive outcome measures of urinary incontinence and lower urinary tract symptoms: a multicenter study of micturition diary and pad tests.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We assessed the test-retest reliability of a 24, 48 and 72-hour micturition diary and pad test in patients referred for the evaluation of urinary incontinence and lower urinary tract symptoms.
  
  
  METHODS
  We prospectively enrolled 109 patients referred for the evaluation of lower urinary tract symptoms in our multicenter study. Patients were requested to complete a 72-hour micturition diary and pad test, and repeat each test during a 1-week interval. The test-retest reliability of various parameters of the 72-hour micturition diary and pad test was analyzed and compared. Further analysis was done to compare the test-retest reliability of 24, 48 and 72-hour studies performed on the same days after a 1-week interval. Reliability was assessed by Lin's concordance correlation coefficient (CCC) with a cutoff value of 0.7 indicating test-retest reliability.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 109 patients 106 (97%) with a median age of 64 years completed the study. The number of pads and total weight gain appeared to be reliable measures of the 24, 48 and 72-hour pad tests. For the 24-hour diary the total number of incontinence episodes was a reliable measure, while the total number of voiding episodes was marginally reliable (mean CCC 0.785 and 0. 689, respectively). For the 48-hour diary the number of incontinence episodes and total number of voiding episodes were reliable measures (mean CCC 0.78 and 0.83, respectively), while for the 72-hour diary each parameter was highly reliable (CCC 0.86 and 0.826, respectively). However, an increased test period was associated with decreased patient compliance.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The 24-hour pad test and micturition diary are reliable instruments for assessing the degree of urinary loss and number of incontinent episodes, respectively. Increasing test duration to 48 and 72 hours increases reliability but is associated with decreased patient compliance.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Groutz
authors.forename: J G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Blaivas
authors.forename: D C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Chaikin
authors.forename: N M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Resnick
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Engleman
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Anzalone
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bryzinski
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Wein
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D016496:Incontinence Pads; D008297:Male; D008499:Medical Records; D008875:Middle Aged; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D010349:Patient Compliance; D011446:Prospective Studies; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013997:Time Factors; D014549:Urinary Incontinence / Q000145:classification*; D014554:Urination; D014555:Urination Disorders / Q000145:classification*