title: Effects of acute pain reduction methods on the chronic inflammatory lesions and behaviour of lambs castrated and tail docked with rubber rings at less than two days of age.
abstract: Lesions were produced by castration and tail docking of two-day-old Dorset-cross lambs with elastrator rings with (RRla) and without (RR) local anaesthetic or after destruction of the innervation by crushing close to the ring (Brr). The lesions were monitored twice weekly for six weeks and the behaviour of handled controls (H), RR and RRla lambs was recorded for two 3 h periods 10, 20, 31 and 41 days after treatment. There was no significant effect of castration and tail docking, with or without pain reduction methods, on daily liveweight gain. In the Brr lambs, the dead tails were cast 10 days earlier than from RR and RRla lambs. The time taken for the scrotal lesion to reach maximum severity was halved in Brr and RRla lambs, although the maximum severity of the lesion was unaffected by the methods of pain reduction. During the four 6 h behavioural observation periods, RR lambs showed a significant increase in the mean (+/- sd) frequency of foot stamping (RR13 +/- 13; H2 +/- 2.5), tail wagging (61 +/- 26; 15 +/- 6), head turning to the scrotum and inside hind-leg (12 +/- 10; 1 +/- 1). Less abnormal behaviour was found after RRla than after RR treatment. This unexpected finding may be evidence of long-lasting increases in pain sensitivity after an episode of intense acute pain in young animals.
authors.affiliation: Department of Preclinical Veterinary Sciences, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, Summerhall, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK. j.e.kent@ed.ac.uk
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Kent
authors.forename: R E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Jackson
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Molony
authors.forename: B D
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Hosie
mesh_terms: D000827:Animal Welfare; D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal; D001835:Body Weight; D007249:Inflammation; D008297:Male; D009919:Orchiectomy / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary*; D010146:Pain / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000662:veterinary; D012756:Sheep; D013623:Tail / Q000601:surgery*