title: Chemotherapeutic agents augment TRAIL-induced apoptosis in human hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines.
abstract: TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) selectively induces apoptosis in various transformed cell lines but not in almost-normal tissues. It is regulated by 2 death receptors, TRAIL receptor 1 (TRAIL-R1) and TRAIL-R2, and 2 decoy receptors, TRAIL-R3 and TRAIL-R4. We investigated the expression of TRAIL-R- and TRAIL-induced apoptosis in human hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs). TRAIL-R1, -R2, and -R4 were expressed in 6 HCC cell lines examined, but TRAIL-R3 was expressed in only 2 of the 6 cell lines. In addition, immunohistochemical results revealed a high and prevalent expression of TRAIL-R1 and -R2 in human HCC tissues. Despite the expression of TRAIL-R1 and -R2, all 6 HCC cell lines showed resistance to TRAIL-induced apoptosis with no relation to nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappaB) levels induced by TRAIL. TRAIL-induced death signal was inhibited with both decreased caspase-8 and caspase-3 activity. However, TRAIL induced significant apoptosis in the presence of a subtoxic level of actinomycin D, indicating that the TRAIL-induced apoptotic pathway is in place in these cell lines. In addition, we found that treatment with conventional chemotherapeutic agents, doxorubicin and camptothecin, dramatically augmented TRAIL-induced cytotoxicity in most of the HCC cell lines. Actinomycin D and camptothecin almost completely suppressed NF-kappaB induction by TRAIL, whereas doxorubicin had little effect. These results indicate that TRAIL, in combination with chemotherapeutic agents, may have therapeutic potential in the treatment of human HCC.
authors.affiliation: First Department of Internal Medicine, Mie University School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamanaka
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shiraki
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sugimoto
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fujikawa
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Takase
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Moriyama
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakano
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Suzuki
mesh_terms: D000903:Antibiotics, Antineoplastic / Q000494:pharmacology; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins; D002166:Camptothecin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003609:Dactinomycin / Q000494:pharmacology; D004317:Doxorubicin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor / Q000378:metabolism; D053221:TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000903:Antibiotics, Antineoplastic; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D016328:NF-kappa B; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor; D053221:TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand; C505653:TNFSF10 protein, human; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D003609:Dactinomycin; D004317:Doxorubicin; D002166:Camptothecin