Anti-ganglioside antibody and neuropathy: review of our research.
Some patients developed Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) after the administration of bovine gangliosides. Patients with GBS subsequent to Campylobacter jejuni enteritis frequently have IgG antibody to GM1 ganglioside. Fisher's syndrome (FS), a variant of GBS, is associated with IgG antibody to GQ1b ganglioside. We showed the existence of molecular mimicry between GM1 and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of C. jejuni isolated from a GBS patient, and that between GQ1b and C. jejuni LPSs from FS patients. Several lines of evidence suggest a pathogenic role for anti-ganglioside antibodies. Some patients developed sensorimotor polyneuropathy after anti-GD2 antibody administration. Anti-GM1 antibody can block motor nerve conduction. The molecular mimicry between infectious agents and gangliosides may function in the production of anti-ganglioside antibodies and the development of GBS and FS. Anti-GQ1b IgG antibody is detected also in Bickerstaff's brainstem encephalitis and acute ophthalmoparesis, which suggests that these conditions are categorized as autoimmune diseases related to FS. Since a tryptophan-immobilized column effectively adsorb anti-GQ1b IgG antibody, immunoadsorption with the column should be considered as an alternative form of plasmapheresis for the anti-GQ1b IgG antibody syndrome.
Yuki
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Department of Neurology, Dokkyo University School of Medicine, Tochigi, Japan. yuki@dokkyomed.ac.jp
D000906:Antibodies / Q000032:analysis*; D001259:Ataxia / Q000276:immunology; D002169:Campylobacter Infections / Q000150:complications; D016123:Campylobacter jejuni; D003711:Demyelinating Diseases / Q000276:immunology; D004751:Enteritis / Q000382:microbiology; D005732:Gangliosides / Q000276:immunology*; D020275:Guillain-Barre Syndrome / Q000209:etiology / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology; D006801:Humans; D019846:Miller Fisher Syndrome / Q000382:microbiology; D009422:Nervous System Diseases / Q000276:immunology*
D000906:Antibodies; D005732:Gangliosides