title: Urokinase plasminogen activator enhances neointima growth and reduces lumen size in injured carotid arteries.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Increases in urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) have been reported in tissues undergoing remodelling, but its effects on the vessel intima formation are not known. We investigated its effects on carotid artery intima, media and lumen size, as well as smooth muscle cell (SMC) proliferation and migration in vivo.
  
  
  METHODS
  Carotid arteries of rats were distended with an inflated balloon catheter and uPA, or uPA-neutralizing antibodies were applied perivascularly in pluronic gel; control rats received vehicle. Carotid artery structure, cell migration and proliferation were assessed after 4 days by quantitative morphometry and immunohistochemistry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Four days after increasing vessel uPA, the intima/media ratio was double compared to that in control rats (both P < 0.05). The size of the lumen reduced by 75%, compared to the vehicle-treated vessels (P < 0.05). The elevation in uPA also increased SMC numbers in the intima and media, compared to the vehicle-treated vessels (both P < 0.05). Antibody neutralizing endogenous uPA attenuated the growth responses in the distended arteries, reduced neointimal SMC numbers by approximately 50% and prevented much of the reduction in lumen size.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Thus, local increases in uPA in distended, injured arteries augment SMC migratory and proliferative responses, leading to increases in the thickness of the carotid artery intima and media and a reduction in lumen size; effects at least partially attributable to its proteolytic properties.
authors.affiliation: Cardiology Research Centre, Moscow, Russia.
authors.forename: O S
authors.initials: OS
authors.lastname: Plekhanova
authors.forename: Y V
authors.initials: YV
authors.lastname: Parfyonova
authors.forename: R Sh
authors.initials: RSh
authors.lastname: Bibilashvily
authors.forename: V V
authors.initials: VV
authors.lastname: Stepanova
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Erne
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bobik
authors.forename: V A
authors.initials: VA
authors.lastname: Tkachuk
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002339:Carotid Arteries / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development*; D020212:Carotid Artery Injuries / Q000473:pathology*; D002404:Catheterization; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000187:drug effects; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000187:drug effects; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D009131:Muscle, Smooth, Vascular / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects; D010960:Plasminogen Activators / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D011921:Rats, Inbred WKY; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology; D014568:Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D010960:Plasminogen Activators; D014568:Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator