title: Heroin impurity profiling. A harmonization study for retrospective comparisons.
abstract: Three laboratories present a harmonised system for the retrospective comparison of south west Asian heroin. It consists of an improved gas chromatographic (GC) profiling method and a computerised data retrieval. The investigations of the GC were necessary with a view to improve the reproducibility of the system. The necessity of a strict quality control is emphasized. The peaks of the GC profile were investigated for abundance, intensity, GC behaviour (reproducibility) and correlations; 16 of them were selected for describing the heroin profile in the database. The results from intra-lab profile comparisons are reported. The reproducibility of the analysis was good and the variation between the samples was large, thus, allowing conclusions with a high degree of certainty. The criteria of similarity were defined. The system is successfully running in all three labs. In connection with inter-laboratory comparison, the aspects of method harmonisation and standardisation are discussed. It appeared that the GC method is a very subtile one, urging for a strict standardisation between the three labs. Despite a long cooperation between three well-equipped and experienced labs, a more or less serious loss of reproducibility was noticed in the inter-lab results in comparison with the intra-lab results. The loss could for the greater part be attributed to the (limits of the) GC technique; a number of compounds, necessary for making the discrimination between samples, showed difficult chromatographic behaviour, leading to insufficient inter-lab reproducibility. Using the actual variables, improvements in performance can hardly be expected in the near future. The loss of reproducibilty implies that the number of false positive matches in a database search increases. This may strongly reduce the value of a relatively large, international database. The study shows that so far, the best option for international comparison is the analysis in a central laboratory. The idea of local determination at a large number of national labs and the use of a common database is not a realistic aim for this type of analysis.
authors.affiliation: National Laboratory of Forensic Science, S-581 94, Linköping, Sweden.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Strömberg
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lundberg
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Neumann
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bobon
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Huizer
authors.forename: N W
authors.initials: NW
authors.lastname: van der Stelt
mesh_terms: D002849:Chromatography, Gas / Q000379:methods*; D016208:Databases, Factual; D004340:Drug Contamination; D005554:Forensic Medicine / Q000379:methods; D003932:Heroin / Q000032:analysis*; D007753:Laboratories / Q000592:standards*; D012015:Reference Standards; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012189:Retrospective Studies
chemical_list: D003932:Heroin