title: Stability of polymorphic forms of ranitidine hydrochloride.
abstract: Ranitidine-HCl can exist in two different polymorphic forms: form I (m.p. 134-140 degrees C) and form II (m.p. 140-144 degrees C). In the present study the stability of form I of ranitidine-HCl to a selection of powder pretreatments, to reflect conditions which might occur in manufacturing procedures, and also to a limited range of storage conditions was investigated. The original samples of form I and form II used were characterised by X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD), hot stage microscopy (HSM) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). A quantitative XRPD method for determining the fraction of form II in the presence of form I was used. XRPD data were analysed using regression techniques and artificial neural networks (ANN). The quantitative XRPD technique was then used to monitor the relative proportion of form II in each treated sample. Pretreatments of form I included (i) mixing with form II or with common excipients (ii) compression and grinding (iii) contact with solvents (followed by drying) before storage. Storage conditions involved three temperatures (20 degrees C, 30 degrees C, 42 degrees C) and three relative humidities (45% RH; 55% RH; 75% RH). Samples were stored for a period of 6 months. A limited factorial design was used. No increase in the form II:form I ratio was observed in the following pretreatment processes: introduction of form II nuclei into form I; introduction of excipients to form I; compression of form I powder at 5 and 15 tons; normal mixing and grinding processes; addition of isopropanol (IPA) or water/IPA mix followed by drying. In the pretreatment process where water was added to form I powder (with most or all of the powder dissolving), drying of the liquefied mass led to a mix of form I and form II. On storage at room temperature (20-30 degrees C), low relative humidity (45-55% RH), and in an air-tight container there was no increase in the form II:form I ratio. Storage of form I/form II mixes, particularly at high humidity, resulted in a preferential loss of form II (compared to form I). Loss was greater at 30 degrees C/75% RH than at 20 degrees C/75% RH. Form II was also preferentially lost under low humidity conditions created by a saturated solution of potassium carbonate (45% RH) at the elevated temperature of 42 degrees C. This environment was shown to be acidic.
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Rades
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Saville
mesh_terms: D002152:Calorimetry, Differential Scanning; D004355:Drug Stability; D004356:Drug Storage; D006813:Humidity; D007536:Isomerism; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D011208:Powders; D011899:Ranitidine / Q000737:chemistry*; D012997:Solvents; D013696:Temperature; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction
chemical_list: D011208:Powders; D012997:Solvents; D011899:Ranitidine