title: AINTEGUMENTA promotes petal identity and acts as a negative regulator of AGAMOUS.
abstract: The Arabidopsis AINTEGUMENTA (ANT) gene has been shown previously to be involved in ovule development and in the initiation and growth of floral organs. Here, we show that ANT acts in additional processes during flower development, including repression of AGAMOUS (AG) in second whorl cells, promotion of petal epidermal cell identity, and gynoecium development. Analyses of ap2-1 ant-6 double mutants reveal that ANT acts redundantly with AP2 to repress AG in second whorl cells. The abaxial surface of ant petals contains features such as stomata and elongated, interdigitated cells that are not present on wild-type petals. The loss of petal identity in these second whorl cells does not result from ectopic AG expression, suggesting that ANT acts in a pathway promoting petal cell identity that is independent of its role in repression of AG. These data suggest that ANT may function as a class A gene.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA. krizek@sc.edu
authors.forename: B A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Krizek
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Prost
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Macias
mesh_terms: D026342:AGAMOUS Protein, Arabidopsis; D000483:Alleles; D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000166:cytology / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; D005075:Biological Evolution; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D017343:Genes, Plant / Q000235:genetics; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D026161:MADS Domain Proteins; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D009154:Mutation / Q000235:genetics; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D010641:Phenotype; D019441:Plant Epidermis / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D018514:Plant Structures / Q000166:cytology / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D018749:RNA, Plant / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics; D012097:Repressor Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D026342:AGAMOUS Protein, Arabidopsis; C099055:AINTEGUMENTA protein, Arabidopsis; C091535:AP1 protein, Arabidopsis; C499534:APETALA2 protein, Arabidopsis; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins; D026161:MADS Domain Proteins; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D010940:Plant Proteins; D018749:RNA, Plant; D012097:Repressor Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors