title: What are the immunologically active components of bacille Calmette-Guérin in therapy of superficial bladder cancer?
abstract: The subcomponents of bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) involved in the mechanism of action of intravesical BCG immunotherapy used for prophylaxis of superficial bladder cancer recurrences have been poorly investigated. We purified various BCG subcomponents and analyzed in vitro their ability to enhance a Th1 polarized immune response as well as to increase lymphocyte-mediated cytotoxicity against bladder tumors. Human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from healthy purified protein derivative-positive subjects were incubated for 7 days with whole BCG and various fractions (BCG cell wall, plasma membrane, cytosol, purified polysaccharides as glucan or arabinomannan, purified native proteins from BCG culture filtrate, recombinant 22 kDa protein, phosphate transporter PstS-2 and -3 proteins). IFN-gamma, IL-12, IL-2, and IL-6 production by stimulated PBMCs was compared to unstimulated controls and the phenotype of expanded cells analyzed by flow cytometry (FACS analysis). A (51)Cr-release assay monitored the cytotoxicity of amplified effector cells against T24 bladder tumor cells. Live BCG and most of its subcomponents (with the exception of cytosol, PstS-2 and -3) significantly enhanced IFN-gamma and IL-12 secretion, expanded CD3(-)CD56(+) cells and the non-MHC-restricted cytotoxicity against bladder tumor cells compared to unstimulated controls (all P < 0.001, t-test). IL-2 receptor blockage resulted in a clear reduction in the cytotoxic activity of stimulated PBMCs. Numerous BCG subcomponents thus provide positive stimuli for Th1 cell differentiation and enhance in vitro, non-MHC-restricted cytotoxicity against bladder tumor cells. Our findings provide the basis for the therapeutic use of several of these subfractions in experimental animal models bearing bladder tumors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Erasme Hospital, University Clinics of Brussels, Brussels, Belgium. azlotta@ulb.ac.be
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Zlotta
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Van Vooren
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Denis
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Drowart
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Daffé
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lefèvre
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Schandene
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: De Cock
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: De Bruyn
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Vandenbussche
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Jurion
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Palfliet
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Simon
authors.forename: C C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Schulman
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Content
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Huygen
mesh_terms: D000942:Antigens, Bacterial / Q000032:analysis / Q000276:immunology*; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000096:biosynthesis; D001500:BCG Vaccine / Q000276:immunology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001425:Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins / Q000502:physiology; D019002:CD56 Antigen / Q000096:biosynthesis; D006801:Humans; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000096:biosynthesis; D018664:Interleukin-12 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000378:metabolism; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis; D018417:Th1 Cells / Q000276:immunology; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy
chemical_list: D000942:Antigens, Bacterial; D015703:Antigens, CD; D001500:BCG Vaccine; D001425:Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins; D019002:CD56 Antigen; D007376:Interleukin-2; D015850:Interleukin-6; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D018664:Interleukin-12; D007371:Interferon-gamma