title: Redo surgery for carotid artery stenosis: when and how?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We analyzed operations performed at our institution retrospectively for recurrent carotid artery stenosis to assess the indication for surgery. We also assessed the techniques used for these operations.
  
  
  METHODS
  From January 1992 to December 1998 1210 carotid endarterectomies were performed. Forty two (3.4%) of these were for recurrent stenosis. A new vein patch was implanted in 27 cases, PTFE patches were used in nine cases. In six cases an interposition with the great saphenous vein was performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean interval between primary and secondary procedure was 60. 2months (3months to 23yr). Twenty five of our 41 patients had had ipsilateral neurologic symptoms before redo surgery, the remainder were free of symptoms. The grade of stenosis was over 90% in 22 cases, between 75 and 90% in 11 cases and below 75% in nine cases, two cases had aneurysmatic lesions. None of the patients died in the 30day observation period. One patient had a stroke with a permanent neurological deficit. In two cases postoperative bleeding occurred requiring reexploration. Two patients developed hypoglossal neurapraxia and in four patients the recurrent laryngeal nerve was injured. One patient had an apneic episode in the recovery room.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The reported incidence of recurrent carotid artery stenosis surgery ranges from 3 to 36% and our incidence is at the lower end of this range. The surgical results of reoperating are acceptable with a low incidence of complications.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Hospital Lainz, Wolkersbergenstrasse 1, A-1130, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gorlitzer
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Heine
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mendel
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Günen
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Meinhart
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sisel
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Deutsch
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016893:Carotid Stenosis / Q000601:surgery*; D016894:Endarterectomy, Carotid; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D012086:Reoperation; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors