title: Patterns and correlates of gun ownership among nonmetropolitan and rural middle school students.
abstract: Examined prevalence of gun ownership and the links among gun ownership, reasons for gun ownership, and antisocial behavior in a sample of nonmetropolitan and rural middle school students. Participants completed the Questionnaire for Students (Olweus, 1995) and included 6,263 students from 36 elementary and middle schools, of whom most were African American (range = 46%-95% per school). Reasons for gun ownership were strongly associated with rates of antisocial behavior. Youths who owned guns for sporting reasons reported rates of antisocial behavior that were only slightly higher than those reported by youths who did not own guns. Youths who owned guns to gain respect or to frighten others reported extremely high rates of antisocial behavior. These high-risk adolescent gun owners were likely to come from families of high-risk gun owners, associate with friends who were high-risk gun owners, and engage in high rates of bullying behavior. Findings suggest that effective violence prevention programs must target high-risk youths, address risk factors that go beyond individual settings, and address a comprehensive array of risk factors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston 29425, USA. cunninpb@musc.edu
authors.forename: P B
authors.initials: PB
authors.lastname: Cunningham
authors.forename: S W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Henggeler
authors.forename: S P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Limber
authors.forename: G B
authors.initials: GB
authors.lastname: Melton
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Nation
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000294:Adolescent Behavior; D000987:Antisocial Personality Disorder; D002648:Child; D005195:Family Relations; D005260:Female; D005389:Firearms; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010067:Ownership; D010379:Peer Group; D012307:Risk Factors; D012424:Rural Population; D014505:Urban Population; D014754:Violence