title: [Human papillomavirus and human immunodeficiency virus infections as risk factors for cervix cancer in women prisoners].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The identification of high risk groups for genital human papillomavirus (HPV) infection may contribute to cervical cancer prevention. The study was designed to estimate the prevalence of HPV infection and the related risk of cervical cancer among imprisoned women.
  
  
  METHODS
  157 women were visited at the Medical Office of a prison in Barcelona, Spain. Women underwent a structured interview, determination of HIV serostatus and detection of HPV cervical infection by means of PCR.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The prevalence of HPV infection was 46%. Prostitution was reported by 38.2% and intravenous drug use by 64.3%. HIV infection was detected in 56.1%. Cervical cytology revealed 19 women with ASCUS and 28 with squamous intraepithelial lesions (SIL) (all grades). HPV infection was associated with an increased risk of intravenous drug use for more than 10 years (prevalence odds ratio [POR] = 2.9) and seropositivity to HIV (POR = 4.7). The increase in risk for SIL related to HIV was explained by the presence of HPV. HIV positive women with low CD4 counts may increase the risk for SIL independently of HPV.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  HIV positive women are at high risk for HPV infection and as a consequence, for developing SIL. HIV positive women should be closely monitored for cervical cancer.
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Epidemiología y Registro del Cáncer, Institut Català d'Oncologia, Barcelona. s.sanjose@ico.scs.es
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: de Sanjosé
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Valls
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Paz Cañadas
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Lloveras
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Quintana
authors.forename: K V
authors.initials: KV
authors.lastname: Shah
authors.forename: F X
authors.initials: FX
authors.lastname: Bosch
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000009:adverse effects; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000032:analysis; D018791:CD4 Lymphocyte Count; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000032:analysis; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D006678:HIV / Q000276:immunology; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000276:immunology; D006679:HIV Seropositivity / Q000150:complications; D006801:Humans; D016017:Odds Ratio; D027383:Papillomaviridae / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D030361:Papillomavirus Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000276:immunology; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011329:Prisoners; D012307:Risk Factors; D011477:Sex Work; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects; D015819:Substance Abuse, Intravenous / Q000150:complications; D014412:Tumor Virus Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000276:immunology; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000209:etiology / Q000821:virology*
chemical_list: D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D004279:DNA, Viral