title: [Self-treatment instruction of patients with type 1 diabetes. Report from hospitals belonging to Working Group for Structured Diabetes Therapy (ASD) in Germany 1998].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Intensified insulin therapy is the therapy of choice for patients with diabetes Type I. Intensified insulin therapy includes an basis-bolus insulin injection regimen or continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion, several times daily blood glucose self-monitoring, self-adaptation of insulin dosages by the patients themselves and a far-reaching liberalization of nutrition. The patients learn self management of diabetes therapy in a structured treatment and teaching program. The effectivity of this program is evaluated in the routine care.
  
  
  METHODS
  A peer-review quality circle was formed as an official working group of the German Diabetes Association based on the formation of a working group (Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Strukturierte Diabetestherapie [ASD]) of presently 135 general internal medicine departments from city, country and university hospitals throughout the country. The group attempted to document and to improve the quality of structure and process of Type-I diabetes care in its participating institutions by a system of peer supervision. Systematic follow-up examinations of 50 consecutive Type-I diabetic patients 12 to 15 months after participation in the program confirm the outcome quality. The working group meets every year to discuss the results non anonymously. A PC-system (DIQUAL) was developed for collecting, checking and pooling of the outcome data.
  
  
  RESULTS
  From 1992 a representative sample of 6.555 patients with Type-I diabetes was examined. At the first time in 1998 the outcome results of 1.789 patients were analyzed depending on the therapeutic goals. In patients with a high initial HbA1c (> or = 8%) an improvement from 9.8 to 8.0% was reached going together with a reduction of severe hypoglycemia from 0.23 to 0.13/patient/year. In patients with an acceptable initial HbA1c (< 8%) the frequency of severe hypoglycemia could be reduced from 0.65 to 0.24/patient/year without any deterioration in metabolic control. Furthermore the incidence of ketoacidosis with hospitalization and the inpatient days were reduced significantly.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A substantial improvement of HbA1c and reduction of acute complications, especially of severe hypoglycemia in patients with Type-I diabetes were reached by participation in a structured teaching and treatment programme in clinical routine care.
authors.affiliation: Klinik für Innere Medizin II, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena. ua.mueller@med.uni-jena.de
authors.forename: U A
authors.initials: UA
authors.lastname: Müller
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Femerling
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Risse
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schumann
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Use
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Jörgens
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Berger
mesh_terms: D015190:Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy*; D016883:Diabetic Ketoacidosis / Q000517:prevention & control; D005858:Germany; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000378:metabolism; D006760:Hospitalization; D006761:Hospitals / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D006943:Hyperglycemia / Q000517:prevention & control; D007003:Hypoglycemia / Q000517:prevention & control; D008332:Management Quality Circles / Q000458:organization & administration*; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D010353:Patient Education as Topic / Q000379:methods*; D012648:Self Care
chemical_list: D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin