title: Additional kinematic variables to describe differences in the trot between clinically normal dogs and dogs with hip dysplasia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe the abnormal gait of dogs with hip dysplasia by use of kinematic gait analysis.
  
  
  METHODS
  19 large-breed dogs with moderate to severe clinical and radiographic evidence of hip dysplasia and 10 clinically normal dogs (controls).
  
  
  METHODS
  Kinematic and force plate data were collected, and degree of coxofemoral joint abduction-adduction, mediolateral foot movement, distance between hind feet, maximum hind foot elevation, mediolateral pelvic movement, and coxofemoral joint angular acceleration were calculated. Essential Fourier coefficients were determined and used to reconstruct mean angular acceleration curves. Fourier coefficients and foot and pelvic movement data were compared between groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Dogs with hip dysplasia had a greater degree of coxofemoral joint adduction and range of abduction-adduction and greater lateral pelvic movement, compared with controls. Foot movement variables did not differ significantly between groups. Coxofemoral joint angular acceleration was greater in the middle to end of the stance phase, whereas deceleration was greater in the late stance to early swing phase and middle to end of the swing phase in dogs with hip dysplasia, compared with controls.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Differences in degree of coxofemoral joint abduction-adduction, amount of mediolateral pelvic movement, and coxofemoral joint angular acceleration between clinically normal dogs and dogs with hip dysplasia may indicate a compensation in gait of affected dogs as a result of discomfort or biomechanical effects attributable to hip dysplasia and degenerative joint disease. Information gained from kinematic and kinetic gait analyses may be useful in evaluating treatments for hip dysplasia in dogs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824-1314, USA.
authors.forename: N S
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Poy
authors.forename: C E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: DeCamp
authors.forename: R L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Bennett
authors.forename: J G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Hauptman
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D004285:Dogs; D005583:Fourier Analysis; D005684:Gait / Q000502:physiology*; D006614:Hindlimb / Q000502:physiology; D006615:Hip / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology; D006619:Hip Dysplasia, Canine / Q000503:physiopathology*; D010388:Pelvis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D011859:Radiography; D014743:Videotape Recording