title: Different roles of the CD2 and LFA-1 T-cell co-receptors for regulating cytotoxic, proliferative, and cytokine responses of human V gamma 9/V delta 2 T cells.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Human V gamma 9/V delta 2 T lymphocytes recognize nonpeptidic antigens in a manner distinct from the classical antigen recognition by alpha beta T cells. The apparent lack of major histocompatibility (MHC) restriction and antigen processing allows very fast responses against pathogenic insults. To address the potential functional requirement for accessory molecules, we investigated the roles of the CD2 and lymphocyte function-associated antigen (LFA)-1 T-cell co-receptors in antigen-induced activities of human V gamma 9/V delta 2 T-cell clones.
  
  
  METHODS
  Human peripheral blood V gamma 9/V delta 2 T lymphocytes were cloned and their cytotoxicity against Daudi lymphoma was measured by a standard 51Cr-release assay. The responses of V gamma 9/V delta 2 T lymphocytes to nonpeptidic antigens were assessed using DNA synthesis and cytokine ELISA assays. Monoclonal antibodies specific for various molecules with potential T-cell accessory functions were utilized in blocking assays.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All of our V gamma 9/V delta 2 T-cell clones displayed the Th1 phenotype. The anti-LFA-1 antibody strongly inhibited the cytotoxicity of V gamma 9/V delta 2 T cells against Daudi B-cell lymphoma; whereas, it had no influence on the antigen-induced cytokine release or proliferation. In contrast, antibodies against CD2 and LFA-3 had no effect on the lytic activity of V gamma 9/V delta 2 T cells, but strongly inhibited the cytokine release and proliferation. However, the CD2-LFA-3 interaction was not an absolute requirement for the cytokine release and the DNA synthetic activity of antigen-stimulated V gamma 9/V delta 2 T cells, since the inhibitory effect could be reversed by addition of exogenous interleukin 2 (IL-2).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These novel observations indicate that the signals generated by different accessory molecules and IL-2 can contribute in an integrated fashion to the regulation of V gamma 9/V delta 2 T cells. These interactions may be important for the effectiveness of V gamma 9/V delta 2 T-cell responses.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin Medical School, Madison 53706, USA.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Malkovsky
mesh_terms: D000938:Antigen-Presenting Cells / Q000276:immunology; D018801:CD2 Antigens / Q000378:metabolism*; D002999:Clone Cells; D003602:Cytotoxicity, Immunologic; D045782:Hemiterpenes; D006801:Humans; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation; D016169:Lymphocyte Function-Associated Antigen-1 / Q000378:metabolism*; D016393:Lymphoma, B-Cell / Q000276:immunology; D009943:Organophosphorus Compounds / Q000276:immunology; D016692:Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction; D016176:T-Lymphocyte Subsets / Q000276:immunology*; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D018801:CD2 Antigens; D045782:Hemiterpenes; D016169:Lymphocyte Function-Associated Antigen-1; D009943:Organophosphorus Compounds; D016692:Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta; C004809:isopentenyl pyrophosphate