title: Inhibition of Wnt signaling pathway by a novel axin-binding protein.
abstract: Axin forms a complex with adenomatous polyposis coli gene product, glycogen synthase kinase-3beta (GSK-3beta), beta-catenin, Dvl, and protein phosphatase 2A and functions as a scaffold protein in the Wnt signaling pathway. In the Axin complex, GSK-3beta efficiently phosphorylates beta-catenin, which is then ubiquitinated and degraded by proteasome. We isolated a novel protein that binds to Axin and named it Axam (for Axin associating molecule). Axam formed a complex with Axin in intact cells and bound directly to Axin. Axam inhibited the complex formation of Dvl with Axin and the activity of Dvl to suppress GSK-3beta-dependent phosphorylation of Axin. Furthermore, Axam induced the degradation of beta-catenin in SW480 cells and inhibited Wnt-dependent axis duplication in Xenopus embryos. These results suggest that Axam regulates the Wnt signaling pathway negatively by inhibiting the binding of Dvl to Axin.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Second Department of Surgery, Hiroshima University School of Medicine, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8551, PRESTO, Japan.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kadoya
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kishida
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fukui
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hinoi
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Michiue
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Asashima
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kikuchi
mesh_terms: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D060466:Axin Protein; D017871:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D003598:Cytoskeletal Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D004591:Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; D038362:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3; D038341:Glycogen Synthase Kinases; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010766:Phosphorylation; D011487:Protein Conformation; D011506:Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D012097:Repressor Proteins; D015398:Signal Transduction; D015534:Trans-Activators; D051153:Wnt Proteins; D014981:Xenopus; D029867:Xenopus Proteins; D029961:Zebrafish Proteins; D051176:beta Catenin
chemical_list: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D060466:Axin Protein; C495266:CTNNB1 protein, Xenopus; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D003598:Cytoskeletal Proteins; D011506:Proteins; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D012097:Repressor Proteins; C417511:Senp2 protein, rat; D015534:Trans-Activators; D051153:Wnt Proteins; D029867:Xenopus Proteins; D029961:Zebrafish Proteins; C555454:axin1 protein, Xenopus; D051176:beta Catenin; D038341:Glycogen Synthase Kinases; D017871:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases; D038362:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3