title: Acid phosphatase, genetic polymorphism and cardiovascular risk factors in a pediatric population.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although the clinical expression of cardiovascular disease usually occurs in adulthood, it is unanimously accepted that atherosclerosis begins in the pediatric age. Because of the early onset of the disease, it is of great importance to screen for major risk factors since pre-school age, especially in risk families. Recent investigations have shown a great interest not only in studying the classic risk factors, but also in the evaluation of oxidative stress and the main antioxidant defense systems. The major cause of this interest is the knowledge of the deleterious effect of reactive oxygen species on lipids, the endothelial membrane of arteries and, finally, on the occurrence of cardiovascular disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  51 children of both genders, aged 9-12 years, randomly selected from a rural community, were observed. A possible association between low molecular acid phosphatase genetic polymorphism of the erythrocyte and the prooxidant status markers (epinephrine oxidase and low molecular protein phosphotyrosine phosphatase from the erythrocyte), some enzymatic systems of the body antioxidant defense (transmembranar reductase of ferricyanide and metahemoglobin reductase) and finally some intermediate phenotypes of cardiovascular disease (lipid profile and blood pressure) were studied.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The study of prooxidant status markers and antioxidant enzymes shows significant differences for acid phosphatase and epinephrine oxidase activities in relation to low molecular acid phosphatase genetic polymorphism, the highest values observed being in those homozygous to the B allele (p < 0.05). The inter-relation study between variables showed, among other things, a significant inverse correlation between acid phosphatase and transmembrane reductase and a direct correlation between apolipoprotein B, acid phosphatase and metahemoglobin reductase. A positive family history for cardiovascular disease also showed a direct and significant correlation to total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and apolipoprotein B.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The polymorphic variants of low molecular acid phosphatase and protein phosphotyrosine phosphatase with greater activity are strongly associated, not with the classic parameters of cardiovascular risk factors, but with oxidative stress indicators, such as low molecular protein phosphotyrosine phosphatase and epinephrine oxidase. Family history indicators of cardiovascular risk are clearly associated, since early ages, to some conventional risk factors, such as lipid profile and blood pressure.
authors.affiliation: Serviço de Pediatria-Hospital S. João/Faculdade de Medicina do Porto. ajmonicaguerra@mail.telepac.pt
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Guerra
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rego
authors.forename: E M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Castro
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sinde
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rodrigues
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Crespo
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Albergaria
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bicho
mesh_terms: D000135:Acid Phosphatase / Q000235:genetics*; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000235:genetics*; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic / Q000235:genetics*; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D000135:Acid Phosphatase