title: Differences in echocardiographic findings and systemic hemodynamics among non-diabetic American Indians in different regions: The Strong Heart Study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study was undertaken to determine whether differences in left ventricular (LV) and systemic hemodynamic findings exist between American Indians in different regions that might contribute to known differences in cardiovascular morbidity rates among American Indians.
  
  
  METHODS
  We compared echocardiography results in 290 non-diabetic Strong Heart Study (SHS) participants in Arizona, 595 in Oklahoma and 572 in North/South Dakota (ND/SD).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Participants in the 3 regions were similar in age and gender but those in Arizona had the highest body mass indices and lowest heart rates while those in ND/SD had the lowest diastolic blood pressures (BP). In analyses that adjusted for significant covariates, ND/SD participants had larger aortic (Ao) anular, Ao root, and LV chamber size as well as higher cardiac output and lower peripheral resistance, whereas Arizona participants had increased LV wall thickness and mass and reduced LV myocardial contractility. These findings may contribute to the known high rates of cardiovascular events in ND/SD Indians and to the proportionately higher rate of cardiovascular death than of non-fatal cardiovascular events that has been recently documented in Arizona Indians.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Application of echocardiography to non-diabetic SHS participants reveals that LV chamber and arterial size are larger in ND/SD Indians and that LV wall thicknesses and mass are higher and LV myocardial contractility lower in Arizona Indians, possibly contributing to the higher than expected rates of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality among Indians in Arizona.
authors.affiliation: New York Presbyterian Hospital-Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY 10021, USA.
authors.forename: R B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Devereux
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Roman
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: O'Grady
authors.forename: R R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Fabsitz
authors.forename: E R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Rhoades
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Crawford
authors.forename: B V
authors.initials: BV
authors.lastname: Howard
authors.forename: E T
authors.initials: ET
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: T K
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: Welty
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001130:Arizona / Q000208:ethnology; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000208:ethnology / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004452:Echocardiography / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006439:Hemodynamics; D006801:Humans; D007198:Indians, North American / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009658:North Dakota / Q000208:ethnology; D009825:Oklahoma / Q000208:ethnology; D013023:South Dakota / Q000208:ethnology