title: Regulation of histone deacetylase 4 by binding of 14-3-3 proteins.
abstract: Histone (de)acetylation is important for the regulation of fundamental biological processes such as gene expression and DNA recombination. Distinct classes of histone deacetylases (HDACs) have been identified, but how they are regulated in vivo remains largely unexplored. Here we describe results demonstrating that HDAC4, a member of class II human HDACs, is localized in the cytoplasm and/or the nucleus. Moreover, we have found that HDAC4 interacts with the 14-3-3 family of proteins that are known to bind specifically to conserved phosphoserine-containing motifs. Deletion analyses suggested that S246, S467, and S632 of HDAC4 mediate this interaction. Consistent with this, alanine substitutions of these serine residues abrogated 14-3-3 binding. Although these substitutions had minimal effects on the deacetylase activity of HDAC4, they stimulated its nuclear localization and thus led to enhanced transcriptional repression. These results indicate that 14-3-3 proteins negatively regulate HDAC4 by preventing its nuclear localization and thereby uncover a novel regulatory mechanism for HDACs.
authors.affiliation: Molecular Oncology Group, Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
authors.forename: A H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Kruhlak
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: N R
authors.initials: NR
authors.lastname: Bertos
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vezmar
authors.forename: B I
authors.initials: BI
authors.lastname: Posner
authors.forename: D P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Bazett-Jones
authors.forename: X J
authors.initials: XJ
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D048948:14-3-3 Proteins; D016475:3T3 Cells; D000818:Animals; D019556:COS Cells; D002460:Cell Line; D002461:Cell Line, Transformed; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000378:metabolism; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006655:Histone Deacetylases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D064326:MEF2 Transcription Factors; D051379:Mice; D018006:Myogenic Regulatory Factors; D011485:Protein Binding; D011506:Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D012097:Repressor Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D013347:Subcellular Fractions; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D014446:Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase
chemical_list: D048948:14-3-3 Proteins; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D064326:MEF2 Transcription Factors; D018006:Myogenic Regulatory Factors; D011506:Proteins; D012097:Repressor Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors; D014446:Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase; C400300:HDAC4 protein, human; D006655:Histone Deacetylases