title: A prospective randomized placebo-controlled double-blinded pilot study of misoprostol rectal suppositories in the prevention of acute and chronic radiation proctitis symptoms in prostate cancer patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Radiation proctitis is a known complication of radiation therapy for prostate cancer. Available medical treatment is usually ineffective and has focused on relieving symptoms after damage has occurred. Our study aimed at evaluating the use of misoprostol rectal suppositories in the prevention of acute as well as chronic radiation proctitis symptoms.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blinded trial was conducted in patients with recently diagnosed stages B and C prostate cancer who underwent external beam irradiation. Patients received either a misoprostol or a placebo suppository 1 h before each radiation session. Misoprostol suppositories were made from two 200-microg tablets (Cytotec, Searle Pharmaceuticals, Skokie, IL), whereas the placebo was made from cocoa butter. A 12-point radiation proctitis symptom score was obtained from each patient at 4, 8, 12, and 36 wk after radiation therapy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 16 patients were enrolled. Seven patients received placebo, and nine patients received misoprostol. Mean radiation proctitis symptom scores in the placebo group were 4.86, 5.86, 5.71, and 3.83 at 4, 8, 12, and 36 wk, respectively. The mean scores in the misoprostol group were 0.78, 0.67, 0.33, and 0.37 at 4, 8, 12, and 36 wk, respectively. The difference between the two groups was statistically significant (p < 0.05) at 4, 8, 12, and 36 wk.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Misoprostol rectal suppositories significantly reduce acute and chronic radiation proctitis symptoms in patients receiving radiation therapy for prostate cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, State University of New York Hospital at Stony Brook, 11794-8173, USA.
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Birk
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Georgsson
authors.forename: T L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: G M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Comer
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000368:Aged; D002908:Chronic Disease; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016595:Misoprostol / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010919:Placebos / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011349:Proctitis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D011832:Radiation Injuries / Q000150:complications*; D012007:Rectum; D013488:Suppositories
chemical_list: D010919:Placebos; D013488:Suppositories; D016595:Misoprostol