title: Reduction in defibrillation threshold using an auxiliary shock delivered in the middle cardiac vein.
abstract: Defibrillation in the middle cardiac vein (MCV) has been shown to reduce ventricular defibrillation thresholds (DFTs). Low amplitude auxiliary shock (AS) from an electrode sutured to the left ventricle at thoracotomy have also been shown to reduce DFT if delivered immediately prior to a biphasic shock (between the ventricular RV and superior vena caval (SVC) electrodes). This study investigates the impact on DFT of an AS shock from a transvenously placed MCV lead system. A standard defibrillation electrode was positioned in the RV in eight anesthetized pigs (35-43 kg). A 50 x 1.8-mm electrode was inserted in the MCV through an 8 Fr angioplasty guide catheter. A 150-V (leading edge) monophasic AS was delivered (95 microF capacitor) from the MCV-->Can with three different pulse widths (3, 5, 7 ms). A primary biphasic shock (PS) (95 microF capacitor, phase 1: 44% tilt, 1.6-ms extension and phase 2: 2.5-ms fixed duration) was delivered from the RV-->Can +/- AS. The four configurations were randomized and DFTs (PS + AS) assessed using a modified binary search. Ventricular fibrillation (VF) was induced with 60 Hz AC followed 10 seconds later by the test shock. The DFTs were compared using repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA). All configurations incorporating AS produced significant (P < 0.05) reduction in the DFT compared to no AS (13.8 +/- 7.4 J). There was no difference in the efficacy of differing pulse widths (P > 0.05); 3 ms (11.0 +/- 5.4 J), 5 ms (11.5 +/- 6.0), and 7 ms (10.6 +/- 5.3 J). In conclusion, delivering an AS from a transvenous lead system deployed in the MCV reduces the DFT by 23% compared to a conventional RV-->Can shock alone.
authors.affiliation: Wessex Cardiothoracic Centre, Southampton General Hospital, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: P R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Roberts
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Urban
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Betts
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Allen
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dietz
authors.forename: D E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Euler
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Whitman
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Kallok
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Morgan
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D003331:Coronary Vessels; D017147:Defibrillators, Implantable; D004567:Electrodes, Implanted; D013552:Swine; D014693:Ventricular Fibrillation / Q000517:prevention & control*