Nicotine-mecamylamine interactions.
OBJECTIVE
Mecamylamine blocks nicotinic cholinergic receptors and has been proposed, in combination with nicotine, as a novel therapy to aid smoking cessation. The objective of this study was to characterize the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interactions between transdermal mecamylamine and intravenous nicotine.


METHODS
Twelve cigarette smokers were studied while receiving transdermal mecamylamine 6 mg/24 h and placebo patches for 7 days each. On the fifth day of patch use, subjects received a combined infusion of deuterium-labeled nicotine and cotinine, with measurement of disposition kinetics of nicotine and cotinine, and cardiovascular and plasma catecholamine responses to nicotine. Half of the subjects were studied under alkaline urine conditions and the other half under acidic urine conditions.


RESULTS
Steady-state plasma mecamylamine concentrations were twice as high (mean, 12.2 versus 6.3 ng/mL), consistent with lower renal clearance (2.1 versus 5.8 mL/min/kg) during alkaline compared with acidic urine conditions. Mecamylamine did not significantly affect the clearances of nicotine or cotinine. Mecamylamine significantly reduced the volume of distribution and inhibited the cardioacceleratory and epinephrine-releasing effects of nicotine.


CONCLUSIONS
Mecamylamine has little effect on the clearance of nicotine and is not expected to affect steady-state levels during transdermal nicotine dosing. The reduction of the volume of distribution of nicotine by mecamylamine suggests that part of the antagonism of nicotinic central nervous system effects by mecamylamine may be due to a pharmacokinetic interaction-most likely decreased transport of nicotine into the brain or decreased binding to nicotine receptors. Mecamylamine may decrease the potential adverse cardiovascular effects of coadministered nicotine.
Zevin
S
S
Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical Service, San Francisco General Hospital Medical Center, University of California, USA.
Jacob
P
P
Benowitz
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NL
D000279:Administration, Cutaneous; D000328:Adult; D019540:Area Under Curve; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D003367:Cotinine / Q000097:blood; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D008297:Male; D008464:Mecamylamine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009538:Nicotine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D018722:Nicotinic Agonists / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D018733:Nicotinic Antagonists / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012907:Smoking / Q000378:metabolism*; D013997:Time Factors
D018722:Nicotinic Agonists; D018733:Nicotinic Antagonists; D008464:Mecamylamine; D009538:Nicotine; D003367:Cotinine