title: Comparative assessment of pelvic floor strength using a perineometer and digital examination.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether digital assessment of pelvic floor contraction strength is as reliable as vaginal perineometry and to assess the practice of pelvic floor exercises by women.
  
  
  METHODS
  A blinded, two-assessor protocol, prospectively testing a volunteer sample of women.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two hundred and sixty-three women (from a total of 278), aged 16-75 years, attending a general gynaecological clinic with nonurinary symptoms.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants answered a questionnaire regarding urinary symptoms and practice of pelvic floor exercises. History and examination was carried out by the clinician, and pelvic floor strength scored digitally using the Oxford Scale. Pelvic floor strength was then assessed by the physiotherapist, using a PFX perineometer. The physiotherapist was blinded to the woman's history, examination findings and digital assessment score. Both the clinician and physiotherapist were blinded to the questionnaire responses.
  
  
  METHODS
  Digital pelvic floor contraction assessment, according to the Oxford Scale, was compared with perineometric assessment as the gold standard - examined against the background of the questionnaire findings.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 263 patients, 53 were nulliparous (20%), and 210 parous (80%). Only 49 women carried out regular pelvic floor exercises (19%), and all were parous and admitted to troublesome urinary symptoms. Stress urinary incontinence was reported by 28% of all women (38.1% of parous women and 10.5% of nulliparous women). For both methods, there was no difference in the range of results when parity was taken into account. Concordance studies showed good agreement between digital and perineometric assessment of pelvic floor strength. The kappa value of 0.73 (95% confidence interval 0.67-0.79) indicated substantial agreement between the two methods.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is good agreement between digital assessment of pelvic floor contraction strength and vaginal perineometry. Assessment during gynaecological examination may help to identify women with fascial defects of the pelvic floor, as well as those at risk of genital prolapse or urinary symptoms.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urogynaecology, Kirwan Hospital for Women, Townsville, Queensland, Australia.
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Isherwood
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rane
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005081:Exercise Therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000502:physiology*; D010298:Parity; D017773:Pelvic Floor / Q000502:physiology*; D010808:Physical Examination / Q000379:methods; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014550:Urinary Incontinence, Stress / Q000453:epidemiology