title: Adrenomedullin is an autocrine regulator of endothelial growth in human endometrium.
abstract: Human endometrium is a mucosa served by a microvascular blood supply that involves benign angiogenesis under the control of ovarian steroids throughout reproductive life. Adrenomedullin is a multifunctional 52-amino acid peptide involved in numerous physiological and pathological processes, including angiogenesis, growth regulation, differentiation, vasodilation and smooth muscle relaxation. We have previously shown that adrenomedullin is present in the human uterus. To investigate further the role of adrenomedullin in human endometrial angiogenesis, a method for the isolation and culture of non-pregnant endometrial endothelium was developed. Enzymatic dispersion and 'Percoll' gradient centrifugation, followed by positive selection using Ulex europaeus agglutinin-coated immunomagnetic beads, yielded pure isolates of endothelium. The cells formed a typical 'cobblestone' monolayer within 5-7 days and expressed the classic endothelial markers, CD31 and von Willebrand factor. The presence of adrenomedullin immunoreactivity in endometrial endothelial cells was shown by immunohistochemistry both in vitro and in vivo. Adrenomedullin promotes growth of endothelial cells as measured by [methyl-(3)H] thymidine uptake. Adrenomedullin also induced cyclic AMP in endometrial endothelial cells. These results demonstrate, for the first time, that adrenomedullin is an autocrine growth factor for human endometrial endothelial cells and is thus involved in endometrial angiogenesis.
authors.affiliation: Nuffield Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK.
authors.forename: L L
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Nikitenko
authors.forename: I Z
authors.initials: IZ
authors.lastname: MacKenzie
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Rees
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bicknell
mesh_terms: D053607:Adrenomedullin; D000328:Adult; D015740:Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000502:physiology*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D000242:Cyclic AMP / Q000096:biosynthesis; D004717:Endometrium / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D016228:Endothelial Growth Factors / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D004815:Epidermal Growth Factor / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D016222:Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry / Q000379:methods; D008222:Lymphokines / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D008875:Middle Aged; D010455:Peptides / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000502:physiology*; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D042442:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors
chemical_list: D016228:Endothelial Growth Factors; D008222:Lymphokines; D010455:Peptides; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D042442:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors; D016222:Fibroblast Growth Factor 2; D053607:Adrenomedullin; D004815:Epidermal Growth Factor; D000242:Cyclic AMP; D015740:Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide