title: Insulin-like growth factor 1 regulates developing brain glucose metabolism.
abstract: The brain has enormous anabolic needs during early postnatal development. This study presents multiple lines of evidence showing that endogenous brain insulin-like growth factor 1 (Igf1) serves an essential, insulin-like role in promoting neuronal glucose utilization and growth during this period. Brain 2-deoxy-d- [1-(14)C]glucose uptake parallels Igf1 expression in wild-type mice and is profoundly reduced in Igf1-/- mice, particularly in those structures where Igf1 is normally most highly expressed. 2-Deoxy-d- [1-(14)C]glucose is significantly reduced in synaptosomes prepared from Igf1-/- brains, and the deficit is corrected by inclusion of Igf1 in the incubation medium. The serine/threonine kinase Akt/PKB is a major target of insulin-signaling in the regulation of glucose transport via the facilitative glucose transporter (GLUT4) and glycogen synthesis in peripheral tissues. Phosphorylation of Akt and GLUT4 expression are reduced in Igf1-/- neurons. Phosphorylation of glycogen synthase kinase 3beta and glycogen accumulation also are reduced in Igf1-/- neurons. These data support the hypothesis that endogenous brain Igf1 serves an anabolic, insulin-like role in developing brain metabolism.
authors.affiliation: Developmental Endocrinology Branch, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: R R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Reinhardt
authors.forename: W H
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Joncas
authors.forename: S C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Bondy
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology*; D017871:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D003847:Deoxyglucose / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D051275:Glucose Transporter Type 4; D006003:Glycogen / Q000096:biosynthesis; D038362:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3; D038341:Glycogen Synthase Kinases; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / Q000172:deficiency / Q000235:genetics / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D008869:Microtubule-Associated Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D009004:Monosaccharide Transport Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D009124:Muscle Proteins; D009474:Neurons / Q000502:physiology*; D010766:Phosphorylation; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D015398:Signal Transduction; D014158:Transcription, Genetic
chemical_list: D051275:Glucose Transporter Type 4; D008869:Microtubule-Associated Proteins; D009004:Monosaccharide Transport Proteins; D009124:Muscle Proteins; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; C495693:Slc2a4 protein, mouse; C495694:Slc2a4 protein, rat; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I; D006003:Glycogen; D003847:Deoxyglucose; D038341:Glycogen Synthase Kinases; C494920:Akt1 protein, rat; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D017871:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases; D038362:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3; D005947:Glucose