title: A new lactate-based, plasticizer-free, neutral peritoneal dialysis fluid provided in a two-compartment system: effect on peripheral leukocyte function.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A new neutral peritoneal dialysis fluid (PDF; Balance) provided in a two-compartment bag (pH 7.4, no plasticizers, minimal glucose degradation products - GDP) was investigated in comparison with a neutral control (Hanks' balanced salt solution with gelatin 0.1%) and other PDFs with standard properties and plasticizers (Andy plus, pH 5.2, GDP), plasticizer free (stay safe, pH 5.2, GDP), and in addition plasticizer free after sterile filtration instead of heat sterilization (pH 5.2) regarding the function of peripheral blood leukocytes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Blood was drawn from 12 volunteers, and blood monocytes (MN) and polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNL) were collected. The cells were incubated for 30 min in control medium and the PDFs: glucose 1.5% (83 mmol/l) and 4.25% (238 mmol/l). Respiratory burst of cells was evaluated by chemiluminescence and superoxide (SO) generation after stimulation with phorbol myristate acetate.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In comparison with the control medium, incubation of MN in the two-compartment PDF showed preservation of respiratory burst. In contrast, the incubation of MN in standard PDF and plasticizer-free PDF showed impaired functions. The same was found for PMNL. SO anion measurement in MN and PMNL after incubation in the new two-compartment PDF also showed preservation of cell function in comparison with the control medium. The incubation of PMNL in standard PDF and plasticizer-free PDF with a high glucose content showed depressed SO anion generation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These in vitro data demonstrate a better preservation of in vitro phagocyte function with adaptation of pH and reduction of glucose, GDP, and plasticizers in PDFs. The best results are achieved with the two-compartment, lactate-based neutral PDF.
authors.affiliation: Division of General Internal Medicine and Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Robert-Bosch-Krankenhaus, Stuttgart, Germany. dominik.alscher@rbk.de
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Alscher
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pauli-Magnus
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kirchgessner
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Kuhlmann
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mettang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015314:Dialysis Solutions / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004349:Drug Packaging; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007962:Leukocytes / Q000187:drug effects*; D008163:Luminescent Measurements; D008297:Male; D008422:Materials Testing; D008875:Middle Aged; D009000:Monocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D010530:Peritoneal Dialysis; D010968:Plasticizers; D016897:Respiratory Burst / Q000187:drug effects; D013242:Sterilization; D013481:Superoxides / Q000097:blood; D014462:Ultrafiltration
chemical_list: D015314:Dialysis Solutions; D010968:Plasticizers; D013481:Superoxides; D019344:Lactic Acid