title: Increased expression of growth hormone and prolactin receptors in hepatocellular carcinomas.
abstract: The liver is an essential target tissue for growth hormone (GH) and prolactin (PRL). The aim of this study was to determine the in situ expression of growth hormone receptor (GHR) and prolactin receptor (PRLR) in hepatocellular carcinomas and to compare the results with normal liver. For this purpose, in situ hybridization (ISH) and immunohistochemical techniques were performed and several tests were conducted to validate the results. By radioactive ISH, all the hepatocellular carcinomas studied showed labeling for GHR and PRLR mRNAs. Relative expression levels, determined by computer-assisted microdensity, were higher in hepatocellular carcinomas than in normal liver. Immunohistochemistry led us to confirm the constant expression of both receptor proteins in hepatocellular carcinomas and normal liver and to demonstrate their localization not only in the cytoplasm but also in the nucleus. These results confirm that the liver is a major GH and PRL target tissue and suggest that in hepatocellular carcinomas the proliferative effects of these hormones may be increased by a higher expression of their receptors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Morphological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Santiago, Santiago de Compostela, Spain. cmhisihq@uscmail.usc.es
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: García-Caballero
authors.forename: H M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Mertani
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lambert
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gallego
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fraga
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Pintos
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Forteza
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chevallier
authors.forename: P E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Lobie
authors.forename: B K
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Vonderhaar
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Beiras
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Morel
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000378:metabolism*; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000737:chemistry; D003593:Cytoplasm / Q000737:chemistry; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression; D013006:Growth Hormone / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D017403:In Situ Hybridization; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011388:Prolactin / Q000494:pharmacology; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D011981:Receptors, Prolactin / Q000235:genetics*; D011986:Receptors, Somatotropin / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D012333:RNA, Messenger; D011981:Receptors, Prolactin; D011986:Receptors, Somatotropin; D011388:Prolactin; D013006:Growth Hormone