title: Quantitative ultrasonic tissue characterization can identify high-risk atherosclerotic alteration in human carotid arteries.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Recently, ultrasonic tissue characterization of the composition of plaques has been performed in a quantitative fashion on the basis of integrated backscatter (IBS) analysis, but most of those studies have used high-frequency ultrasound to obtain microscopic images.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We performed B-mode measurement and IBS signal analysis with acoustic densitometry with a 7.5-MHz linear-array transducer in freshly excised human aortas (n=58) (normal, atheromatous, and fibrous tissue) obtained at autopsy. Atheromatous and fibrous tissue had a similar intima-media thickness (IMT), but the IBS value in atheromatous specimens was lower than that in fibrous specimens. We further applied this method to human carotid ultrasonography. The subjects were young (80 regions), middle aged with 1 or no coronary risk factors (low risk) (120 regions), middle aged with >/=2 coronary risk factors (high risk) (240 regions), or elderly (80 regions) or were patients with myocardial infarction (MI) with multivessel disease (90 regions). The IMT was similar in middle-aged, elderly, and MI subjects. In contrast, the IBS value was significantly higher in elderly subjects and lower in high-risk middle-aged and MI subjects compared with that in low-risk middle-aged subjects. The percent of regions diagnosed as atheromatous (IBS less than mean minus 2-SD value of IBS in young subjects) was 11% in low-risk middle-aged subjects, 29% in high-risk middle-aged subjects, and 63% in the MI group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In conjunction with conventional B-mode imaging, IBS analysis with carotid ultrasonography appeared to provide prognostic information to identify a high-risk group with systemic atherosclerosis, which could lead to coronary heart disease in individuals with early-stage disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Geriatric Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Takiuchi
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Rakugi
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Honda
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Masuyama
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hirata
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sugimoto
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yanagitani
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Moriguchi
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Okamura
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Higaki
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ogihara
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001011:Aorta / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D002339:Carotid Arteries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D002340:Carotid Artery Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors; D012542:Scattering, Radiation; D017539:Tunica Intima / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D017540:Tunica Media / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D014463:Ultrasonography