title: Retrobulbar versus systemic application of morphine during titratable regional anesthesia via retrobulbar catheter in intraocular surgery.
abstract: We investigated the effects of morphine on postoperative pain in patients undergoing intraocular surgery using a new indwelling catheter. Although morphine produced central analgesic effects, there was no evidence for the involvement of peripheral opioid receptors in the modulation of ocular pain.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Anesthesiology and Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Germany. thomashemmerling@hotmail.com
authors.forename: T M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Hemmerling
authors.forename: W M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Budde
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Koppert
authors.forename: J B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Jonas
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000765:Anesthesia, Conduction; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005123:Eye; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007267:Injections; D007279:Injections, Subcutaneous; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009020:Morphine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D013508:Ophthalmologic Surgical Procedures; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000517:prevention & control; D011446:Prospective Studies
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D009020:Morphine