title: Pulmonary stenosis in recipient twins in twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome: report on 3 cases and review of literature.
abstract: This report describes 3 cases of pulmonary stenosis in the recipient twin in twin-twin transfusion syndrome. Fetal echocardiography showed cardiomegaly, tricuspid valve regurgitation, and increased reverse flow in the inferior vena cava, as signs of congestive heart failure in all 3 cases. We diagnosed 2 cases of pulmonary stenosis by fetal echocardiography prenatally and confirmed our findings in all 3 cases postnatally. Two cases underwent postnatal balloon valvuloplasty to release the pulmonary valvular stenosis in neonatal period. The third one died soon after delivery and autopsy showed a slightly thickened pulmonary valve. One of the cases was diagnosed in the early second trimester (20 weeks of pregnancy), the earliest detection of fetal pulmonary stenosis reported in literature. The presence of high peak velocity of the pulmonary artery at 20 weeks of pregnancy preceded the development of pulmonary stenosis in this case. This supports the hypothesis that alterations in fetal hemodynamics may result in structural cardiac abnormality.
authors.affiliation: Division of Obstetrics, Maternal and Perinatal, Care Center, Seirei Hamamatsu General Hospital, 2-12-12, Sumiyoshi, Hamamatsu City 430-8558, Japan. t-murakoshi@sis.seirei.or.jp
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Murakoshi
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yamamori
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tojo
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Naruse
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Seguchi
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Torii
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Maeda
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity; D005260:Female; D005330:Fetofetal Transfusion / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D011247:Pregnancy; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D011666:Pulmonary Valve Stenosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D016216:Ultrasonography, Prenatal