title: Morphology of perforated atrial septal aneurysm suitable for closure by transcatheter device placement.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To define the morphological criteria of perforated atrial septal aneurysms suitable for closure by a transcatheter device.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective analysis of all consecutive patients with atrial septal aneurysm and one or more perforations presenting between May 1997 and June 1999. The aneurysms were classified as: aneurysm with persistent foramen ovale (type A); aneurysm with single atrial septal defect (type B); aneurysm with two perforations requiring more than one device for closure (type C); and aneurysm with multiple perforations (type D).
  
  
  METHODS
  Data from 50 patients aged 5-78 years (mean 43 years) were analysed; 32 had systemic thromboembolism or transient ischaemic attacks, eight presented with dyspnoea on exercise, and 10 were discovered incidentally but had significant left to right shunt and right ventricular volume overload.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In all 18 patients with aneurysm and persistent foramen ovale (type A), transcatheter closure was possible. In nine with aneurysm and atrial septal defect (type B), five defects were closed and four required surgery. Device closure was achieved in all 10 patients with aneurysms and two perforations (type C), but four had a residual shunt. Thirteen patients with multiple perforated aneurysms (type D) underwent surgery.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This classification of morphology of perforations of aneurysm is clinically useful for selecting patients for treatment by transcatheter devices.
authors.affiliation: Department of Congenital Heart Disease, Deutsches Herzzentrum Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany. ewert@dhzb.de
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ewert
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Berger
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vogel
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Dähnert
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Alexi-Meshkishvili
authors.forename: P E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Lange
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D017542:Aneurysm, Ruptured / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy; D006328:Cardiac Catheterization; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D017548:Echocardiography, Transesophageal; D006322:Heart Aneurysm / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy; D006325:Heart Atria; D006346:Heart Septum / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D018579:Patient Selection; D019736:Prostheses and Implants; D019919:Prosthesis Implantation; D012189:Retrospective Studies