title: Cardiac function after intermittent antegrade warm blood cardioplegia: contribution of the double-indicator dilution technique.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate cardiac performance following coronary artery surgery using two different techniques of cardioplegia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomized prospective study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Adult cardiothoracic intensive care unit in a university hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty patients undergoing isolated coronary surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients were randomized to receive either intermittent antegrade warm blood cardioplegia with normothermic bypass (group 1) or combined antegrade and retrograde cold crystalloid cardioplegia with hypothermic bypass (group 2). Hemodynamic evaluation included conventional measurements from a pulmonary artery catheter and data obtained by thermal dye dilution utilizing an arterial thermistor-tipped fiberoptic catheter.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The only major difference between groups was a significantly higher right atrial pressure in group 2, from 4 h to 24 h after surgery (8.8 +/- 2.6 vs. 11.8 +/- 3.2 mmHg at 4 h and 11 +/- 3.1 vs. 8.5 +/- 1.8 mmHg at 24 h, P = 0.04). After cold cardioplegia a significant increase in right atrial pressure was observed (7.5 +/- 3.1 before surgery vs. 11.4 +/- 3 mmHg at 8 h, P = 0.003) whereas right ventricular end diastolic volume index did not increase significantly, suggesting impaired right ventricular diastolic compliance in this group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Until 24 h after surgery cold cardioplegia is associated with impaired right ventricular filling, which seems better preserved by intermittent antegrade warm blood cardioplegia. End-diastolic volume measurement with the double-indicator technique allows differentiation between systolic and diastolic dysfunction.
authors.affiliation: Cardiothoracic Intensive Care Unit, University Hospital Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium. jacquet@rean.ucl.ac.be
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Jacquet
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Honore
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Beale
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Valadi
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Dion
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Goenen
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D002302:Cardiac Output; D004396:Coloring Agents; D001026:Coronary Artery Bypass; D003971:Diastole; D005260:Female; D005336:Fiber Optic Technology; D006324:Heart Arrest, Induced / Q000379:methods*; D006439:Hemodynamics; D006801:Humans; D007208:Indocyanine Green; D008297:Male; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013815:Thermodilution / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D004396:Coloring Agents; D007208:Indocyanine Green