Glutamate transporters in neonatal cerebellar subarachnoid hemorrhage.
We have previously described the immunoreactivities of glutamate transporters, EAAT4 and GLAST, in the developing human cerebellum. In the present report, we demonstrate the different expression of EAAT4 and GLAST in the pathologic condition, neonatal subarachnoid hemorrhage. EAAT4 and GLAST were characteristically disturbed in the cerebellar cortices beneath the subarachnoid hemorrhage. In preterm infants with subarachnoid hemorrhage the decrease in EAAT4 immunoreactivity was more prominent than in term infants, and GLAST immunoreactivity in the inner granular cell layer decreased and reappeared later than in term infants with subarachnoid hemorrhage. Although Bergmann's glia removes glutamate from the extracellular space surrounding Purkinje cells in the early stage of hypoxic-ischemic brain damage, the reaction of EAAT4 and GLAST in the cerebellar cortex under the subarachnoid hemorrhage was decreased, and immature glia had a delayed reaction. These characteristics of glutamate transporters in immature cells may lead to cell death and olivocerebellar degeneration.
Inage
Y W
YW
Department of Mental Retardation and Birth Defect Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Japan.
Itoh
M
M
Wada
K
K
Hoshika
A
A
Takashima
S
S
D018528:ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters / Q000378:metabolism*; D027322:Amino Acid Transport System X-AG; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002526:Cerebellar Diseases / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D018118:Chloride Channels; D027341:Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter 1; D050581:Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter 4; D005260:Female; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D005865:Gestational Age; D050491:Glutamate Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins; D018698:Glutamic Acid / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D015151:Immunoblotting; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007232:Infant, Newborn, Diseases; D007234:Infant, Premature; D008297:Male; D011689:Purkinje Cells / Q000378:metabolism; D017470:Receptors, Glutamate / Q000378:metabolism*; D013345:Subarachnoid Hemorrhage / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D027981:Symporters
D018528:ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters; D027322:Amino Acid Transport System X-AG; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D018118:Chloride Channels; D027341:Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter 1; D050581:Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter 4; D050491:Glutamate Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins; D017470:Receptors, Glutamate; C493394:SLC1A3 protein, human; C493391:SLC1A6 protein, human; D027981:Symporters; D018698:Glutamic Acid