title: Secondary corrections of the vulva in male-to-female transsexuals.
abstract: From December of 1980 to May of 1998, 390 male-to-female transsexuals underwent vaginoplasty by inversion of the penile skin and a triangular perineoscrotal flap. Although minor modifications were made throughout the years, the basic surgical technique remained the same over this 17.5-year period. In 86 of the 390 patients (22 percent), secondary corrections of the vulva were deemed necessary. A total of 130 corrections were performed in these 86 patients. In the same 17.5-year period, the authors performed 26 secondary corrective procedures in 19 patients in whom the initial vaginoplasty had been done elsewhere. Bilateral Z-plasties were performed 69 times to center the labia in instances when the ventral part of the labia majora remained too far apart. This is not advisable, primarily because it will reduce the vascular supply of the penile skin flap. Introital widening by five-flap advancement was performed in 40 cases in which a dorsal skin fold obstructed the introitis. The use of the triangular perineoscrotal flap favors the vaginal and introital width, but its base should be close to the anal ring to prevent such a skin fold. Secondary construction of the labia minora was performed 27 times, and a skin reduction of the labia majora was performed 20 times. So far, the authors have been unable to develop a satisfactory method for primary construction of the labia minora. Because the appearance of the vulva may charge gradually during the first postoperative year, secondary vulvar corrections should not be performed in that period.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery at the Academisch Ziekenhuis Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. J.JorisHage@inter.nl.net
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Hage
authors.forename: A Y
authors.initials: AY
authors.lastname: Goedkoop
authors.forename: R B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Karim
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Kanhai
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000601:surgery*; D012086:Reoperation; D013524:Surgical Flaps; D013536:Suture Techniques; D014189:Transsexualism / Q000601:surgery*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014621:Vagina / Q000601:surgery; D014844:Vulva / Q000601:surgery*