title: Application of the p53 and K-ras gene mutation patterns for cytologic diagnosis of recurrent lung carcinomas.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cytologic specimens are one of the most important materials for lung carcinoma diagnosis, because they can be used in mass screening for lung carcinoma and early detection of cancer recurrence by examination of sputum and pleural fluid.
  
  
  METHODS
  To prove the potentiality of the cytologic specimens to be subjected to molecular detection of recurrent lung carcinomas, the authors enrolled 16 patients who had undergone surgical treatment for lung carcinoma with recurrence detected by malignant pleural fluid. First, they examined K-ras gene and p53 tumor suppressor gene abnormalities in resected tumors by polymerase chain reaction-based single-strand conformation polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) analysis. Next, using a microdissection method, they investigated the use of cytologic specimens such as pleural fluid for the detection of recurrence by finding the same mutations observed in the initially resected tumor.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seven abnormally shifted bands were detected among six patients by PCR-SSCP analysis of surgical materials. Five of 7 abnormally shifted bands (71.4%) also were detected from microdissected malignant cells in cytologic smears. In two cases, they detected mutations by using single malignant cells in pleural fluid.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The authors successfully detected the same mutations in recurrent cytologic specimens as those in the initially resected tumors by PCR-SSCP analysis. These findings suggest that the p53 and K-ras gene mutation patterns are effective markers for the detection of recurrent lung carcinoma in cytologic specimens. Cancer (Cancer Cytopathol)
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki, Japan.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Dai
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Morishita
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mase
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Akaogi
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mitsui
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Noguchi
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000601:surgery; D003581:Cytodiagnosis / Q000379:methods; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm / Q000235:genetics; D004210:Dissection / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D011905:Genes, ras / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009154:Mutation / Q000235:genetics*; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics*; D016066:Pleural Effusion, Malignant / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods; D018807:Polymorphism, Single-Stranded Conformational
chemical_list: D004273:DNA, Neoplasm