title: Influence of heme oxygenase inhibitors on the basal tissue enzymatic activity and smooth muscle relaxation of internal anal sphincter.
abstract: We examined the actions of different heme oxygenase (HO) inhibitors on the basal HO activity in the opossum internal anal sphincter (IAS), rectum, and liver tissues and the IAS smooth muscle relaxation in response to nonadrenergic noncholinergic (NANC) nerve stimulation and different agonists. All the tissues examined were found to have significant levels of basal HO activity. Among different HO inhibitors, tin protoporphyrin IX (SnPP IX) was found to be most selective in inhibiting the HO activity in the IAS smooth muscle. Conversely, in the liver, all the HO inhibitors except SnPP IX caused significant inhibition of HO activity. Consistent with HO activity inhibition, the IAS smooth muscle relaxations caused by NANC nerve stimulation and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide also were inhibited by zinc protoporphyrin IX and SnPP IX. Zinc protoporphyrin IX also caused a significant attenuation of the IAS smooth muscle relaxation caused by isoproterenol. The IAS smooth muscle relaxation caused by nitric oxide was not significantly modified by any of the HO inhibitors. The data show the presence of HO activity in the IAS and other gastrointestinal tissues. The differential attenuation of HO activity by different HO inhibitors in the IAS smooth muscle and liver confirms the presence of different isozymes of HO in different tissues. Suppression of basal HO activity and the IAS smooth muscle relaxation induced by NANC nerve stimulation or VIP but not NO suggest that some of the stimuli that cause IAS smooth muscle relaxation may involve HO activity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Jefferson Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA. Satish.Rattan@mail.tju.edu
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rattan
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chakder
mesh_terms: D001003:Anal Canal / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000502:physiology; D000818:Animals; D003905:Deuteroporphyrins / Q000494:pharmacology; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006419:Heme Oxygenase (Decyclizing) / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007545:Isoproterenol / Q000494:pharmacology; D008099:Liver / Q000201:enzymology; D008665:Metalloporphyrins / Q000494:pharmacology; D009126:Muscle Relaxation / Q000187:drug effects; D009130:Muscle, Smooth / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000502:physiology; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000494:pharmacology; D009893:Opossums; D011524:Protoporphyrins / Q000494:pharmacology; D012007:Rectum / Q000201:enzymology; D014660:Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D003905:Deuteroporphyrins; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D008665:Metalloporphyrins; D011524:Protoporphyrins; C092553:copper protoporphyrin IX; C017803:zinc protoporphyrin; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D014660:Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide; C032628:tin protoporphyrin IX; D006419:Heme Oxygenase (Decyclizing); D007545:Isoproterenol