title: Thermosoftening treatment of the nasotracheal tube before intubation can reduce epistaxis and nasal damage.
abstract: We evaluated whether a thermosoftening treatment with warm saline of a nasotracheal preformed tube can improve navigability through the nasal passageways and reduce epistaxis and nasal damage. A total of 150 patients were randomly allocated to three groups: Group I (untreated tube group, n = 50), Group II (35 degrees C treated tube group, n = 50), and Group III (45 degrees C treated tube group, n = 50). In Groups II and III, the tubes were softened at 35 +/- 2 degrees C and 45 +/- 2 degrees C with warm saline, respectively. In Group I the tube was prepared at room temperature (25 +/- 2 degrees C). The incidence of epistaxis and nasal damage in Groups II and III was significantly less than that of Group I (P: < 0.05). Despite the more frequent incidence of smooth passage in Group III, no statistical difference was found among the groups. Logistic regression analysis also confirmed that epistaxis was more likely to be reduced when the tube had been thermosoftened (odds ratio = 1.46, 95% confidence interval = 1.02, 2.11). We conclude that simple thermosoftening treatment of the nasotracheal tube with warm saline helps to reduce epistaxis and nasal damage.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Thermosoftening treatment of a nasotracheal tube with warm saline before intubation can effectively reduce epistaxis and nasal damage. This technique is safe, easy, and suitable for all types of tubes and does not require additional implements.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Samsung Medical Center, SungKyunKwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Y C
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: S H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: G J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Noh
authors.forename: S Y
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Yeom
authors.forename: W J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.forename: D H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Ryu
authors.forename: Y S
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: K J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Cha
authors.forename: S C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004844:Epistaxis / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005260:Female; D006358:Hot Temperature; D006801:Humans; D007442:Intubation, Intratracheal / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000295:instrumentation*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009666:Nose / Q000293:injuries*