title: Myocardial effects of repeated electrical defibrillations in the isolated fibrillating rat heart.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Although substantial myocardial cell injury has been reported after high-energy electrical defibrillation, only minimal injury with transient functional defects seems to develop at energy levels not exceeding those required to reverse ventricular fibrillation. Because multiple electrical shocks are often delivered in clinical settings during attempts to reverse ventricular fibrillation, we investigated the effects of repetitive shocks on postresuscitation myocardial dysfunction by using an isolated rat heart model of ventricular fibrillation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective and randomized.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cardiopulmonary resuscitation research laboratory.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-seven Sprague-Dawley rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Hearts were harvested and perfused at a constant flow of 10 mL/min by using a modified Krebs-Henseleit solution equilibrated with 95% oxygen and 5% CO2. Ventricular fibrillation (VF) was induced by a 0.05-mA current delivered to the right ventricular endocardium and the perfusate flow was stopped. After 10 mins, the perfusate flow was resumed at 20% of baseline flow and maintained for 15 additional minutes before returning to baseline flow after 25 mins of VF (VF25 mins). Twenty-seven hearts were randomized to receive from VF22 mins to VF25 mins either 0 epicardial shocks, 6 epicardial shocks, or 12 epicardial shocks.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Isovolumic indices of left ventricular function were obtained by using a latex balloon advanced through the mitral valve into the ventricular cavity. After defibrillation, indices of contractile function rapidly returned to baseline without differences among groups. The isovolumic end-diastolic pressure, however, remained elevated throughout the postresuscitation interval. A left shift of the diastolic pressure-volume curves without changes in their slope was observed at 10 mins after resuscitation with partial return to baseline by 30 mins postresuscitation. The shifts were significantly greater in hearts that received 12 shocks.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings indicate that repetitive low-energy electrical shocks do not accentuate postischemic systolic dysfunction in the isolated fibrillating rat heart but adversely affect postischemic diastolic dysfunction by reducing the unstressed left ventricular end-diastolic volume.
authors.affiliation: Medical Service, North Chicago VA Medical Center, IL 60064, USA.
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Gazmuri
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Deshmukh
authors.forename: P R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Shah
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017147:Defibrillators, Implantable; D004558:Electric Stimulation / Q000379:methods; D006321:Heart / Q000503:physiopathology*; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D014693:Ventricular Fibrillation / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy*