title: The role of the activated form of matrix metalloproteinase-2 in urothelial cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2, reportedly associated with cancer cell invasion and metastasis in many human cancers) in urothelial tumours and thus define its role in this disease. Materials and methods The expression of both the activated form of MMP-2 and total MMP-2 (activated + latent form) was measured using gelatine zymography in tissue obtained surgically from 61 patients with urothelial cancer. The correlation between the level of the activated form of MMP-2 and clinical and histological variables was assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The expression of activated and total MMP-2 were significantly higher in invasive tumour tissue and both levels were correlated with histological grade. In particular, the level of activated MMP-2 was more closely correlated than that of total MMP-2 in invasive tumour tissue. Moreover, high levels of activated MMP-2 were strongly associated with shorter disease-specific survival (P = 0.0016).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings suggest that activated MMP-2 plays a significant role in invasion of urothelial cancer and that the level of activated MMP-2 expression is a useful prognostic indicator.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, School of Medicine, The University of Tokushima, Tokushima, Japan. kkanda@clin.med.tokushima-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kanda
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Murakami
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kanayama
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kagawa
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000201:enzymology*; D002295:Carcinoma, Transitional Cell / Q000201:enzymology*; D004586:Electrophoresis / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 / Q000378:metabolism*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D011379:Prognosis; D014571:Urologic Neoplasms / Q000201:enzymology*
chemical_list: D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2