title: Phototoxicity from systemic sodium fluorescein.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To confirm the occurrence of phototoxicity due to systemic fluorescein in a dose consistent with retinal angiographic testing and to approximate the prevalence of this reaction in a small group of volunteers.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fourteen volunteers underwent a controlled challenge test by applying a topical sunscreen and exposing skin areas to direct sunlight before and after fluorescein administration.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Two subjects experienced marked cutaneous blanching erythema, mild vesiculation, and pain in sun-exposed areas within 1 hour of exposure. The reaction faded over a period of days without tanning.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Consistent with its in vitro properties as a photodynamic dye, fluorescein may rarely act as a phototoxic agent in humans at doses employed for fluorescein retinal angiography. It is unclear why this reaction has not been reported more frequently, given the large number of patients undergoing this ophthalmic procedure annually.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, USA. rdanis@iupui.edu
authors.forename: R P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Danis
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wolverton
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Steffens
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D017484:Dermatitis, Phototoxic / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology; D019793:Fluorescein / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D012016:Reference Values; D012867:Skin / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology / Q000528:radiation effects; D013472:Sunlight
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D019793:Fluorescein