title: Influence of carbohydrate on cytokine and phagocytic responses to 2 h of rowing.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study examined the influence of carbohydrate (C) versus placebo (P) beverage ingestion on the phagocytic and cytokine responses to normal rowing training by 15 elite female rowers.
  
  
  METHODS
  Athletes received C or P before, during and after, two, 2-h bouts of rowing performed on consecutive days. Blood was collected before and 5-10 min and 1.5 h after rowing. Metabolic measures indicated that training was performed at moderate intensities, with some high-intensity intervals interspersed throughout the sessions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Concentrations of blood neutrophils and monocytes, phagocytic activity, and plasma IL-1ra were significantly lower postexercise after C versus P ingestion. No differences were observed for oxidative burst activity, IL-6, IL-8, or TNFalpha. Glucose was significantly higher after 2 h of rowing with C ingestion; however, cortisol, growth hormone, epinephrine, norepinephrine, and CRP were not affected by carbohydrate.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data indicate that carbohydrate compared with placebo ingestion attenuated the moderate rise in blood neutrophils, monocytes, phagocytosis, and plasma IL-1ra concentrations that followed 2-h bouts of training in elite female rowers. No changes in blood hormone concentrations were found.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC 28608, USA. hensonda@appstate.edu
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Henson
authors.forename: D C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Nieman
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Nehlsen-Cannarella
authors.forename: O R
authors.initials: OR
authors.lastname: Fagoaga
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shannon
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Bolton
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Davis
authors.forename: C T
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Gaffney
authors.forename: W J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Kelln
authors.forename: M D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Austin
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Hjertman
authors.forename: B K
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Schilling
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016207:Cytokines / Q000502:physiology*; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000502:physiology; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000502:physiology; D010587:Phagocytosis / Q000502:physiology*; D010919:Placebos; D016897:Respiratory Burst / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D010919:Placebos