title: Etiology of idiopathic scoliosis: current trends in research.
abstract: Current population studies characterize idiopathic scoliosis as a single-gene disorder that follows the patterns of mendelian genetics, including variable penetrance and heterogeneity. The role of melatonin and calmodulin in the development of idiopathic scoliosis is likely secondary, with indirect effects on growth mechanisms. Reported abnormalities of connective tissue, skeletal muscle, platelets, the spinal column, and the rib cage are all thought to be secondary to the deformity itself. Although no consistent neurological abnormalities have been identified in patients with idiopathic scoliosis, it is possible that a defect in processing by the central nervous system affects the growing spine. The true etiology of idiopathic scoliosis remains unknown; however, it appears to be multifactorial.
authors.affiliation: Woodridge Orthopaedic and Spine Center, Wheat Ridge, Colorado 80033, USA.
authors.forename: T G
authors.initials: TG
authors.lastname: Lowe
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Edgar
authors.forename: J Y
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Margulies
authors.forename: N H
authors.initials: NH
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: V J
authors.initials: VJ
authors.lastname: Raso
authors.forename: K A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Reinker
authors.forename: C H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Rivard
mesh_terms: D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D001792:Blood Platelets / Q000473:pathology; D006128:Growth; D006801:Humans; D008550:Melatonin / Q000502:physiology; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000002:abnormalities; D010375:Pedigree; D012106:Research; D012600:Scoliosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D008550:Melatonin