title: Quantitative description of the workload associated with airway management procedures.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To measure the workload associated with specific airway management tasks.
  
  
  METHODS
  Written survey instrument.
  
  
  METHODS
  166 Stanford University and 75 University of California, San Diego, anesthesia providers.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Subjects were asked to use a seven-point Likert-type scale to rate the level of perceived workload associated with different airway management tasks with respect to the physical effort, mental effort, and psychological stress they require to perform in the typical clinical setting. The 126 subjects completing questionnaires (overall 52% response rate) consisted of 43% faculty, 26% residents, 23% community practitioners, and 8% certified registered nurse-anesthetists (CRNAs). Faculty physicians generally scored lower workload measures than residents, whereas community practitioners had the highest workload scores. Overall, workload ratings were lowest for laryngeal mask airway (LMA) insertion and highest for awake fiberoptic intubation. Airway procedures performed on sleeping patients received lower workload ratings than comparable procedures performed on awake patients. Direct visualization procedures received lower workload ratings than fiberoptically guided procedures.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These kinds of data may permit more objective consideration of the nonmonetary costs of technical anesthesia procedures. The potential clinical benefits of the use of more complex airway management techniques may be partially offset by the impact of increased workload on other clinical demands.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, San Diego, USA.Mweinger@ucsd.edu
authors.forename: M B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Weinger
authors.forename: A G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Vredenburgh
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Schumann
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Macario
authors.forename: K J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Kalsher
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: P C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Truong
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000769:Anesthesia, Inhalation; D005260:Female; D005336:Fiber Optic Technology; D006801:Humans; D007442:Intubation, Intratracheal; D017214:Laryngeal Masks; D007828:Laryngoscopy; D008297:Male; D008606:Mental Processes; D008875:Middle Aged; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012121:Respiration, Artificial; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000523:psychology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D016526:Workload / Q000523:psychology