title: Bronchoalveolar lavage macrophage-lymphocyte clusters in granulomatous disease are linked to lymphocytosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Clusters of macrophages associated with lymphocytes (ML clusters) have been observed among the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) cells of patients with pulmonary disease. We tested the hypothesis that ML clusters might be found among the BAL cells from patients with granulomatous disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  We measured the number of ML clusters among the BAL cells from normal controls (n = 13), sarcoidosis patients (n = 18), beryllium-sensitized (BeS) patients (n = 21) and chronic beryllium disease (CBD) patients (n = 15).
  
  
  RESULTS
  ML clusters were observed in the BAL cells of all groups, but at different frequencies: normal 8.5% (median, range 2-15%); BeS 7% (range 2-31%); sarcoidosis 14% (range 4-50%); and CBD 17% (range 6-73%). This data suggested that ML clusters were increased in granulomatous lung disease. However, the percentage of ML clusters strongly correlated with the BAL lymphocyte percentage (rho = 0.79). Cohort analysis showed that increases in macrophages having 2, 3 or > 3 associated lymphocytes correlated with an increase in lymphocyte percentage.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  An increase in ML clusters in BAL cells is not specific for granulomatous disease and is associated with the increase in BAL lymphocytes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, National Jewish Medical and Research Center, Denver, CO 80206, USA.
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Bauer
authors.forename: R T
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Sawyer
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Daniloff
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Balkissoon
authors.forename: C S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Rose
authors.forename: L S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Newman
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001607:Berylliosis / Q000276:immunology*; D018893:Bronchoalveolar Lavage; D002449:Cell Aggregation; D005260:Female; D006105:Granulomatous Disease, Chronic / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology*; D016676:Macrophages, Alveolar / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017565:Sarcoidosis, Pulmonary / Q000276:immunology*