title: A psychosocial group intervention for Japanese women with primary breast carcinoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  To the authors' knowledge, there had been no evidence for the efficacy of psychosocial intervention among Japanese cancer patients. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of a psychosocial group intervention in reducing psychologic distress and enhancing coping in this population in a randomized controlled trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  The patient selection criteria were age younger than 65 years, lymph node metastasis positive and/or histologic or nuclear Grade 2-3, and surgery undergone within the previous 4-18 months as of the start of the study. We conducted a 6-week, structured, psychosocial group intervention. The intervention consisted of health education, coping skills training, stress management, and psychologic support. Subjects were assessed for psychologic distress and coping by administering the Profile of Mood States (POMS), Mental Adjustment to Cancer (MAC) scale, and Hospital Anxiety and Depression (HADS) scale at the baseline, at 6 weeks, and at 6 months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fifty (33%) of the 151 patients participated and were randomized, and 46 (30%) completed the study. The experimental group had significantly lower scores than the controls for total mood disturbance and significantly higher scores for vigor on the POMS, and significantly higher scores for fighting spirit on the MAC at the end of the 6-week intervention. These improvements were sustained over 6 months of follow-up.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of this study suggest that a short term psychosocial group intervention produces significant long term improvement in the quality of life of Japanese patients with primary breast carcinoma.
authors.affiliation: Psycho-Oncology Division, National Cancer Center Research Institute East, Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fukui
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kugaya
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Okamura
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kamiya
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Koike
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakanishi
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Imoto
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kanagawa
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Uchitomi
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D001007:Anxiety / Q000209:etiology; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000523:psychology*; D003863:Depression / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan; D008875:Middle Aged; D011615:Psychotherapy, Group; D012944:Social Support; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000209:etiology*; D016387:Women's Health