title: Anatomic distribution of intraprostatic lymphatics: implications for the lymphatic spread of prostate cancer-a preliminary study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although prostate cancer metastasizes primarily into the lymphatic system, the anatomic distribution of intraprostatic lymphatics has not been elucidated. The aim of this study was to clarify the distribution of lymphatics in the human prostate by immunohistochemical techniques, using an anti-desmoplakin antibody.
  
  
  METHODS
  Whole-mount cryostatic sections were serially cut from the noncarcinomatous prostates of adult men with bladder carcinoma who underwent cystoprostatectomy. Each section was stained either with a monoclonal antibody specific for desmoplakin or with hematoxylin and eosin.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Lymphatics were detected in all components of the prostate. In the glandular prostate, lymphatics were distributed evenly in the peripheral, transitional, and central zones. The lymphatic density was significantly high in the midbase region surrounding ejaculatory ducts.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results may indicate the importance of the midbase region as a route of lymphatic spread of prostate cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Saitama Medical Center, Saitama Medical School, Kawagoe, Japan. hifukuda@saitama-med.ac.jp
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Fukuda
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamada
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kamata
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Saitoh
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D003598:Cytoskeletal Proteins / Q000276:immunology; D051180:Desmoplakins; D004543:Ejaculatory Ducts / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000166:cytology; D004729:Endothelium, Lymphatic / Q000166:cytology; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008208:Lymphatic System / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000166:cytology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011467:Prostate / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000166:cytology; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D013194:Staining and Labeling / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D003598:Cytoskeletal Proteins; C495294:DSP protein, human; D051180:Desmoplakins