Synthesis and immunosuppressive activity of 2-substituted 2-aminopropane-1,3-diols and 2-aminoethanols.
A series of 2-substituted 2-aminopropane-1,3-diols was synthesized and evaluated for their lymphocyte-decreasing effect and immunosuppressive effect on rat skin allograft. A phenyl ring was introduced into the alkyl chain of the lead compound 3, which is an immunosuppressive agent structurally simplified from myriocin (1, ISP-I) via compound 2. The potency of the various compounds was dependent upon the position of the phenyl ring within the alkyl side chain. The most suitable length between the quaternary carbon atom and the phenyl ring was two carbon atoms. 2-Substituted 2-aminoethanols were successively synthesized and evaluated for their T-cell-decreasing effect and immunosuppressive effect using a popliteal lymph node gain assay in rats. The absolute configuration at the quaternary carbon affected the activity, and the (pro-S)-hydroxymethyl group of compound 6 was essential for potent immunosuppressive activity. Favorable substituents for the (pro-R)-hydroxymethyl group of 6 were hydroxyalkyl (hydroxyethyl and hydroxypropyl) or lower alkyl (methyl and ethyl) groups. 2-Amino-2-[2-(4-octylphenyl)ethyl]propane-1,3-diol hydrochloride (6, FTY720) was found to possess considerable activity and is expected to be useful as an immunosuppressive drug for organ transplantation.
Kiuchi
M
M
Drug Discovery Laboratories, Welfide Corporation, Iruma-shi, Saitama, Japan. kiuchi@welfide.co.jp
Adachi
K
K
Kohara
T
T
Minoguchi
M
M
Hanano
T
T
Aoki
Y
Y
Mishina
T
T
Arita
M
M
Nakao
N
N
Ohtsuki
M
M
Hoshino
Y
Y
Teshima
K
K
Chiba
K
K
Sasaki
S
S
Fujita
T
T
D000818:Animals; D004353:Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; D000068876:Fingolimod Hydrochloride; D006084:Graft Rejection / Q000517:prevention & control; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D020128:Inhibitory Concentration 50; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000187:drug effects; D009929:Organ Size; D011409:Propylene Glycols / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D011916:Rats, Inbred F344; D011917:Rats, Inbred Lew; D016038:Skin Transplantation; D013110:Sphingosine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D013237:Stereoisomerism; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects
D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D011409:Propylene Glycols; D000068876:Fingolimod Hydrochloride; D013110:Sphingosine