title: Insomnia and the eye of the beholder: are there clinical markers of objective sleep disturbances among adults with and without insomnia complaints?
abstract: Previous findings suggest that some who report insomnia sleep well, whereas some noncomplaining individuals sleep rather poorly. This study was conducted to determine if mood, anxiety, and sleep-related beliefs might relate to perceived sleep disturbance. Thirty-two women and 32 men (aged 40-79 years) with primary insomnia and an aged-matched sample of 61 normal sleepers (31 women, 30 men) completed 6 nocturnal sleep recordings, as well as the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), the Trait portion of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-2), and the Dysfunctional Beliefs and Attitudes About Sleep Questionnaire. Sleep and interview data were used to subdivide the majority of the sample (n = 108) into objective normal sleepers and subjective insomnia sufferers who seemingly slept well and subjective normal sleepers and objective insomnia sufferers who slept poorly. The 2 subjective subgroups showed the most marked differences on most of the psychometric measures. The findings suggest that the psychological factors scrutinized in this study may mediate sleep satisfaction and/or predict objective sleep difficulties.
authors.affiliation: Psychology Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center (VAMC), Durham, North Carolina 27705, USA.
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Edinger
authors.forename: A I
authors.initials: AI
authors.lastname: Fins
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Glenn
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Sullivan
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Bastian
authors.forename: G R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Marsh
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Dailey
authors.forename: T V
authors.initials: TV
authors.lastname: Hope
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Young
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Shaw
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Vasilas
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001294:Attitude to Health; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008960:Models, Psychological; D017286:Polysomnography; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D007319:Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology*