title: Pharmacokinetics of acetazolimide after intravenous and oral administration in horses.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the pharmacokinetics of acetazolamide administered IV and orally to horses.
  
  
  METHODS
  6 clinically normal adult horses.
  
  
  METHODS
  Horses received 2 doses of acetazolamide (4 mg/kg of body weight, IV; 8 mg/kg, PO), and blood samples were collected at regular intervals before and after administration. Samples were assayed for acetazolamide concentration by high-performance liquid chromatography, and concentration-time data were analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After IV administration of acetazolamide, data analysis revealed a median mean residence time of 1.71 +/- 0.90 hours and median total body clearance of 263 +/- 38 ml/kg/h. Median steady-state volume of distribution was 433 +/- 218 ml/kg. After oral administration, mean peak plasma concentration was 1.90 +/- 1.09 microg/ml. Mean time to peak plasma concentration was 1.61 +/- 1.24 hours. Median oral bioavailability was 25 +/- 6%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Oral pharmacokinetic disposition of acetazolamide in horses was characterized by rapid absorption, low bioavailability, and slower elimination than observed initially after IV administration. Pharmacokinetic data generated by this study should facilitate estimation of appropriate dosages for acetazolamide use in horses with hyperkalemic periodic paralysis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater 74078, USA.
authors.forename: M K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Alberts
authors.forename: C R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Clarke
authors.forename: C G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: MacAllister
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Homer
mesh_terms: D000086:Acetazolamide / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D019540:Area Under Curve; D001682:Biological Availability; D002257:Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D005260:Female; D006207:Half-Life; D006736:Horses / Q000502:physiology*; D007275:Injections, Intravenous / Q000662:veterinary; D016018:Least-Squares Analysis; D008297:Male
chemical_list: D002257:Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors; D000086:Acetazolamide