title: Reduced pulmonary function and its associations in type 2 diabetes: the Fremantle Diabetes Study.
abstract: To determine whether diabetes is associated with reduced lung function, we studied 421 Anglo-Celt/European subjects, representing 20.5% of all patients with type 2 diabetes identified in an urban Australian catchment area of 120097 people. In addition to collection of detailed demographic and diabetes-specific data, spirometry was performed and forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), vital capacity (VC) and peak expiratory flow (PEF) measured. When expressed as a percentage of those predicted (%pred) for age, sex and height, the means of all spirometric measures were reduced by > or =9.5%. After controlling for smoking, age and gender in a linear regression model, HbA(1c) was not associated with any measure of lung function (P>0.13) but diabetes duration was significantly associated with FEV1(%pred) and PEF(%pred) (P< or =0.04) and had borderline associations with FVC(%pred) and VC(%pred) (P< or =0.064). In separate analyses controlling for smoking alone, age, body mass index (BMI), coronary heart disease (CHD) and retinopathy were independently and inversely associated with FVC(%pred), FEV1(%pred) and VC(%pred) (P<0.05). In sub-group analyses, these three spirometric measures were associated with BMI, CHD and diabetes duration in males, and age and BMI in females. Pulmonary function is reduced in type 2 diabetes. Diabetes duration seems a more important influence than glycaemic control, but obesity and vascular disease may also contribute.
authors.affiliation: University of Western Australia, Department of Medicine, Fremantle Hospital, P.O. Box 480, W.A. 6959, Fremantle, Australia. tdavis@cyllene.uwa.edu.au
authors.forename: T M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Davis
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Knuiman
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kendall
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Vu
authors.forename: W A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Davis
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001315:Australia; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005060:Europe / Q000208:ethnology; D015444:Exercise; D005260:Female; D005541:Forced Expiratory Volume; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010366:Peak Expiratory Flow Rate; D012129:Respiratory Function Tests; D013147:Spirometry; D014797:Vital Capacity; D044465:White People
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin