title: Cross-cultural differences in tolerance for crowding: fact or fiction?
abstract: It is widely believed that cultures vary in their tolerance for crowding. There is, however, little evidence to substantiate this belief, coupled with serious shortcomings in the extant literature. Tolerance for crowding has been confused with cultural differences in personal space preferences along with perceived crowding. Furthermore, the few studies that have examined cultural variability in reactions to crowding have compared subgroup correlations, which is not equivalent to a statistical interaction. Although the authors found a statistical interaction indicating that Asian Americans and Latin Americans differ in the way they perceive crowding in comparison to their fellow Anglo-American and African American citizens, all four ethnic groups suffer similar, negative psychological distress sequelae of high-density housing. These results hold independently of household income.
authors.affiliation: Department of Design and Environmental Analysis, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853-4401, USA. gwel@cornell.edu
authors.forename: G W
authors.initials: GW
authors.lastname: Evans
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Lepore
authors.forename: K M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Allen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001741:Black or African American / Q000523:psychology*; D001213:Asian / Q000523:psychology*; D003431:Cross-Cultural Comparison; D003441:Crowding / Q000523:psychology*; D003466:Cultural Characteristics; D005260:Female; D006630:Hispanic or Latino / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012494:Sampling Studies; D012938:Social Perception; D014481:United States; D014505:Urban Population; D044465:White People / Q000523:psychology*