title: [Additional aids in detection of prostate carcinomas? PSA-prostatic volume quotient, PSA-doubling time, age-dependent PSA reference values and PSA in urine].
abstract: Different concepts to improve the clinical utility of prostatic-specific antigen (PSA) for prostate cancer detection have been developed. PSA density and transition zone PSA density are not useful screening tools due to a high variability of prostate volume measurement. PSA velocity monitors the change in PSA in a 2-year period, therefore it is not suitable for treatment decisions in men with serum PSA levels between 4 and 10 ng/ml. Measurement of urinary PSA is not helpful for prostate cancer detection. Age-specific PSA reference ranges provide greater sensitivity for cancer detection in younger men at the expense of a greater negative biopsy rate. In older men unnecessary biopsies could be spared. However, this might lead to a lower sensitivity in these patients, missing possibly clinically insignificant tumors.
authors.affiliation: Urologische Klinik, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Marienhospital Herne.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pannek
authors.forename: F H
authors.initials: FH
authors.lastname: Brands
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000097:blood*; D019160:Endosonography; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011467:Prostate / Q000473:pathology*; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000097:blood*; D011470:Prostatic Hyperplasia / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology; D012016:Reference Values
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen