title: Radionuclides in pinon pine (Pinus edulis) nuts from Los Alamos National Laboratory lands and the dose from consumption.
abstract: One of the dominant tree species growing within and around the eastern portion of Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, NM, lands is the pinon pine (Pinus edulis). Pinon pine is used for firewood, fence posts, and building materials and is a source of nuts for food--the seeds are consumed by a wide variety of animals and are also gathered by people in the area and eaten raw or roasted. This study investigated the (1) concentration of 3H, 137Cs, 90Sr, totU, 238Pu, 239,240Pu, and 241Am in soils (0- to 12-in. [31 cm] depth underneath the tree), pinon pine shoots (PPS), and pinon pine nuts (PPN) collected from LANL lands and regional background (BG) locations, (2) committed effective dose equivalent (CEDE) from the ingestion of nuts, and (3) soil to PPS to PPN concentration ratios (CRs). Most radionuclides, with the exception of 3H in soils, were not significantly higher (p < 0.10) in soils, PPS, and PPN collected from LANL as compared to BG locations, and concentrations of most radionuclides in PPN fromLANL have decreased over time. The maximum net CEDE (the CEDE plus two sigma minus BG) at the most conservative ingestion rate (10 lb [4.5 kg]) was 0.0018 mrem (0.018 microSv); this is far below the International Commission on Radiological Protection (all pathway) permissible dose limit of 100 mrem (1000 microSv). Soil-to-nut CRs for most radionuclides were within the range of default values in the literature for common fruits and vegetables.
authors.affiliation: Environment, Safety and Health Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, NM 87545, USA.
authors.forename: P R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Fresquez
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Huchton
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Mullen
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Naranjo
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D020387:Food Chain; D005506:Food Contamination; D006801:Humans; D009516:New Mexico; D009754:Nuts; D011848:Radioactive Pollutants / Q000378:metabolism*; D011868:Radioisotopes / Q000378:metabolism*; D014197:Trees / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D011848:Radioactive Pollutants; D011868:Radioisotopes