title: Induction of experimental periodontitis in mice with Porphyromonas gingivalis-adhered ligatures.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Little information is available on the colonization of periodontopathic bacteria and alveolar bone loss in a mouse system, because of the difficulty in establishing bacteria in the oral cavity. The aim of this study was to establish experimental periodontitis in mice by applying a Porphyromonas gingivalis-adhered ligature onto the molars.
  
  
  METHODS
  Specific pathogen-free C3H/HeN mice were divided into 3 groups: 80 infected, 80 sham-infected, and 48 non-treated control mice. Sterile silk ligatures were preincubated with and without P. gingivalis 381 in vitro and then physically tied on the right maxillary first molar of infected and sham-infected mice, respectively. Ten mice from the infected and sham-infected groups and 6 from the control group were sacrificed at 2-week intervals for up to 15 weeks after infection.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Plaque samples were collected at the time of sacrifice and alveolar bone loss was examined. The results indicated that P. gingivalis was recovered from the plaque samples in 95% of the infected mice after 1 week and then gradually dropped to 58% after 15 weeks of infection, whereas P. gingivalis was not isolated in either sham-infected or control mice throughout the experimental period. The infected mice showed significant P. gingivalis-induced bone loss at the sites where the ligature was tied weeks 13 to 15. A linear regression analysis revealed a significant positive correlation between the number of P. gingivalis recovered and alveolar bone loss at 15 weeks after infection (P <0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The use of a P. gingivalis-adhered ligature supported a long-lasting infection of P. gingivalis in mice, resulting in P. gingivalis-induced alveolar bone breakdown.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Microbiology, Iwate Medical University School of Dentistry, Morioka, Iwate, Japan. kimuras@iwate-med.ac.jp
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kimura
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nagai
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Onitsuka
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Koga
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fujiwara
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kaya
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hamada
mesh_terms: D016301:Alveolar Bone Loss / Q000382:microbiology; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D001431:Bacteriological Techniques; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D008026:Ligation / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice / Q000382:microbiology*; D008809:Mice, Inbred C3H; D008815:Mice, Inbred Strains; D010518:Periodontitis / Q000382:microbiology*; D016966:Porphyromonas gingivalis / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D013047:Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms