title: Microperfusion techniques for long-term hypothermic preservation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of this study was to compare several methods of hypothermic heart preservation.
  
  
  METHODS
  We preserved isolated pig hearts for 24 hours in cold cardioplegia (4 degrees C), using either continuous microperfusion (Group I) or simple storage (Group II), and with a new preservative solution (NPS, groups IA and IIA) vs St. Thomas' solution (groups IB and IIB). The main characteristics of the NPS include (1) prevention of cell swelling with polyethelene glycol (PEG), (2) low calcium and magnesium, and (3) presence of metabolic substrates, such as glucose, insulin, pyruvate, aspartate, alanyl-glutamine, and membrane stabilization compounds such as ethanol and chlorpromazine.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The 4 above groups were compared with hearts harvested and immediately reperfused (control group). During preservation, only Group IB showed significant edema (40% +/- 8.4% water gain). Adenylate charge was 25% to 50% higher in microperfused Groups IA and IB (0.678 +/- 0.049 and 0.795 +/- 0.071, respectively) as compared with simple-storage groups IIA and IIB (0.605 +/- 0.048 and 0.524 +/- 0.160, respectively). Ultrastructural analysis showed that tissue injury occurred mainly in Group IIB (altered mitochondria, chromatin clumping). Functional data showed better recovery of NPS groups as compared with St. Thomas groups: coronary flow was identical in Group IB and control (57.8 +/- 22 and 56.6 +/- 14 ml/min/100 g, respectively), and in IA > IB (p < 0.001) and IIA > IIB (p < 0.01); the rate pressure products were higher in NPS groups compared with St. Thomas groups (IA > IB, p < 0.01); IIA > IIB, p < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The microperfusion method associated with the NPS provides excellent protection in long-term hypothermic heart preservation.
authors.affiliation: INSERM U 121, Lyon, France.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ferrera
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Michel
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hadour
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Chiari
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Chambers
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rodriguez
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001639:Bicarbonates; D002122:Calcium Chloride; D002314:Cardioplegic Solutions; D005260:Female; D006321:Heart; D006324:Heart Arrest, Induced; D008274:Magnesium; D008297:Male; D015425:Myocardial Reperfusion / Q000379:methods*; D009206:Myocardium / Q000648:ultrastructure; D009926:Organ Preservation / Q000379:methods*; D010477:Perfusion / Q000379:methods; D011189:Potassium Chloride; D012965:Sodium Chloride; D013552:Swine
chemical_list: D001639:Bicarbonates; D002314:Cardioplegic Solutions; C041711:St. Thomas' Hospital cardioplegic solution; D012965:Sodium Chloride; D011189:Potassium Chloride; D008274:Magnesium; D002122:Calcium Chloride