title: Topical application of amrinone (a selective phosphodiesterase III inhibitor) for relief of vasospasm.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Amrinone, a selective phosphodiesterase III inhibitor, is an agent that possesses a combination of positive inotropic and vasodilating properties as a result of preventing the degradation of cAMP, and it has recently been licensed for the treatment of heart failure. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential therapeutic application of amrinone to resolve vasospasm, which is the major problem in reconstructive surgery. In this study its effect was compared with that of lidocaine, the most commonly used topical vasodilating agent clinically.
  
  
  METHODS
  The probe of an ultrasonic transit-time volume flowmeter was applied to the femoral artery of rats to measure blood flow. After a baseline recording was obtained, 0.03 ml of epinephrine was applied topically to induce vasospasm. The vessels were then immersed in 1 ml of amrinone (5 mg/ml), 10% lidocaine hydrochloride, or normal physiological saline solution for 1 min in an attempt to resolve the spasm. In another group of animals, no solution was used following administration of epinephrine to allow observation of spontaneous resolution of the vasospasm over time.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results showed an essentially immediate spasm-resolving effect in both the amrinone group and the lidocaine group. The amrinone group showed a significantly greater degree of maximum increase in blood flow than the lidocaine group. The effect of lidocaine decreased with time, whereas amrinone had a more lasting effect.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The findings suggest that amrinone could be used as an effective topical vasodilating agent to resolve vasospasm in reconstructive surgery.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Saitama Medical School, 38 Morohongo, Moroyama, Iruma-gun, Saitama, 350-0495, Japan.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ichioka
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakatsuka
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ohura
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Harii
mesh_terms: D000287:Administration, Topical; D000676:Amrinone / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000714:Anastomosis, Surgical / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000818:Animals; D008012:Lidocaine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008297:Male; D010726:Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012039:Regional Blood Flow / Q000187:drug effects; D014661:Vasoconstriction / Q000187:drug effects*; D014665:Vasodilator Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*
chemical_list: D010726:Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors; D014665:Vasodilator Agents; D008012:Lidocaine; D000676:Amrinone