title: A study of attached and oriented human periodontal ligament cells to periodontally diseased cementum and dentin after demineralizing with neutral and low pH etching solution.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study aimed to evaluate quantitatively the migrated, attached, and oriented human periodontal ligament cells (HPLC) to periodontally diseased cementum and dentin after demineralization with low and neutral pH etching solution.
  
  
  METHODS
  Human teeth, extracted due to periodontal diseases, were scaled and root planed so that cementum remained on one longitudinal half of the root and dentin was exposed on the other half. Forty root slices of 200 microm thickness, obtained from the mid-third of these roots, were divided into four groups: group 1, demineralized with a saturated solution of citric acid (pH 1.20); group 2, with 24% EDTA (pH 7.04); group 3, with tetracycline HCl 100 mg/ml (pH 2.00); and group 4, only scaled and root planed (control). Root slices were placed over the confluent HPLC in 35 mm culture dishes and incubated. Phase contrast microscopic photographs of attached and oriented refractile HPLC to root surfaces were taken at days 1, 3, and 7. Quantitative analysis of attached and oriented HPLC from these photographs was done using special software.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results showed no significant difference in the attachment and orientation index of HPLC to cementum compared to dentin in any method of demineralization at each time point (P >0.05), although there was a significantly higher cell attachment and orientation index to demineralized dentin with EDTA and citric acid than to non-etched dentin and to all 3 demineralized cementum surfaces compared to non-etched cementum (P<0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  EDTA and citric acid demineralization may enhance HPLC attachment and orientation to the root surface, and it is not always necessary to remove excessive cementum when the demineralizing procedure is used.
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, Hokkaido University, School of Dentistry, Sapporo, Japan.
authors.forename: K U
authors.initials: KU
authors.lastname: Zaman
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sugaya
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Hongo
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kato
mesh_terms: D002448:Cell Adhesion / Q000502:physiology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D019343:Citric Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D003648:Decalcification Technique; D003739:Dental Cementum / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D003804:Dentin / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D004492:Edetic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D017622:Periodontal Attachment Loss / Q000628:therapy*; D010513:Periodontal Ligament / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D012038:Regeneration / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D016745:Root Planing; D016369:Smear Layer; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D013499:Surface Properties; D013752:Tetracycline / Q000494:pharmacology; D014092:Tooth Root / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D019343:Citric Acid; D004492:Edetic Acid; D013752:Tetracycline