title: Electromagnetic fields: low dose exposure, current update.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The controversial discussion of low-dose electromagnetic field (EMF) effects on human health derives from a lack of knowledge of the mechanism of action and proven results of cellular, animal and human experiments. The paper gives an overview of the current results of scientific research.
  
  
  METHODS
  Review based on the legal measurements of the EU parliament, the ICNIRP guidelines, the current literature and personal contacts with scientist in the field.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Epidemiologic research shows a low degree of association, inconsistency and missing dose-effect relations. A biologic mechanism of action is still debatable. When observing ICNIRP guideline values, no harm to human health has been shown; but the statement, "EMF are not harmful", cannot be made. Implanted electric devices, like pace-makers, are more sensitive to EMF and need special attention.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is no scientific basis as to the harmful effects of EMFs on human health, when ICNIRP guidelines are observed. Hypersensitivity to EMF has not been clinically proved.
authors.affiliation: Klin.Abteilung Arbeitsmedizin, der Universität Wien AKH, Austria. oswald.jahn@akh-wien.ac.at
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Jahn
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004307:Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation; D004574:Electromagnetic Fields / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000592:standards; D005062:European Union; D017408:Guidelines as Topic; D006801:Humans; D008954:Models, Biological; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D011832:Radiation Injuries / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012016:Reference Values