title: [Pathophysiology, diagnosis and therapy of three congenital dacryocystoceles].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Congenital dacryocystocele has been rarely described in German literature. Congenital obstruction and distention of the lacrimal sac makes it necessary to differentiate for various causes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three infants had congenital dacryocystocele. The diagnosis was made by sonography and was established by probing the lacrimal duct and nasal endoscopy that showed a white prominent tumor below the lowest conch.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Directly after endonasal and canalicular opening of the dacryocystocele clear liquid with white detritus drained, and the swelling decreased. No further procedure was needed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The diagnosis of dacryocystocele can be made by inspection, probing the lacrimal duct, ultrasound and nasal endoscopy. If probing of the lacrimal duct could not easily open the Hasner's membrane, endonasal opening can be performed. The cooperation with an ear-nose-throat specialist could lead to the diagnosis of dacryocystocele and sufficient treatment without the need for any further radiological examinations.
authors.affiliation: Augenklinik für Schielbehandlung und Neuroophthalmologie, Giessen.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hübsch
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Alzen
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Klimek
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Reiss
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gräf
mesh_terms: D003607:Dacryocystitis / Q000175:diagnosis; D003608:Dacryocystorhinostomy / Q000379:methods; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007232:Infant, Newborn, Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D007767:Lacrimal Duct Obstruction / Q000151:congenital / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D016896:Treatment Outcome