title: [Pulse triggering for improved diffusion-weighted MR imaging of the abdomen].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this work was to reduce the influence of motion on diffusion-weighted MR images of the abdomen by pulse triggering of single-shot sequences.
  
  
  METHODS
  Five healthy volunteers were examined both without and with finger pulse-triggering of a diffusion-weighted single-shot echo planar MR imaging sequence at 1.5 T. Series of diffusion-weighted images were acquired at different phases of the cardiac cycle by varying the time delay between finger pulse and sequence acquisition. The measurements were repeated three times. The diffusion weighted images were analysed by measuring the signal intensities and by determining the ADC values within the spleen, kidney and liver.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The magnitude of motion artifacts on diffusion weighted images shows a strong dependence on the trigger delay. The optimum trigger delay is found to be between 500 and 600 ms. For these values the abdominal organs appear homogeneous on all diffusion weighted images and the strongest signal intensities are detected. At optimum triggering the accuracy of the apparent diffusion coefficients is up to 10 times better than without triggering. Moreover, the standard deviation of the repeated measurements is smaller than 12% for all volunteers and for all organs. Without triggering the standard deviation is larger by a factor of 4 on average.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pulse triggering of single-shot sequences leads to significant reduction of motion related artifacts on diffusion weighted images of the abdomen and provides more accurate and reproducible ADC values.
authors.affiliation: Radiologische Klinik der Universität Bonn. muertz@imsdd.meb.uni-bonn.de
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mürtz
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Pauleit
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Träber
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gieseke
authors.forename: B P
authors.initials: BP
authors.lastname: Kreft
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: van den Brink
authors.forename: H H
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Schild
mesh_terms: D000005:Abdomen; D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D008099:Liver / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D012016:Reference Values; D013154:Spleen / Q000033:anatomy & histology*