title: Effects of multiple acute morphine exposures on feline immunodeficiency virus disease progression.
abstract: Drug abuse is a common method of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 transmission, but the role of opiates on lentivirus disease progression is not well understood. The feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV)/cat system was used to model the weekend opiate abuser: the nondependent, nonaddicted, and nontolerant person. Sixteen cats were placed into 4 groups: FIV only, morphine only, morphine/FIV, and controls. Multiple acute morphine exposure did not increase the severity of early lentivirus infection. On the contrary, it delayed or moderated the FIV-induced disease progression. Although the animals were exposed to only 1 injection of morphine per day for 2 consecutive days per week, the morphine-treated FIV-infected animals had a delayed onset of the FIV-induced lymphadenopathy, did not develop or had a significant delay in the FIV-induced effects on brain stem auditory evoked potentials, and demonstrated a trend toward decreased virus load.
authors.affiliation: Vaccine Research Institute of San Diego, San Diego, CA 92121, USA. pbarr@vrisd.org
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Barr
authors.forename: J N
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Billaud
authors.forename: D R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Selway
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Huitron-Resendiz
authors.forename: K G
authors.initials: KG
authors.lastname: Osborn
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Henriksen
authors.forename: T R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Phillips
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002415:Cats; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D018450:Disease Progression; D016181:Feline Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000503:physiopathology*; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000635:transmission; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000097:blood; D013287:Illicit Drugs / Q000009:adverse effects; D016089:Immunodeficiency Virus, Feline / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D009020:Morphine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity*; D009021:Morphine Dependence / Q000150:complications; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000150:complications*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000032:analysis / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid; D014766:Viremia / Q000175:diagnosis
chemical_list: D013287:Illicit Drugs; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D009020:Morphine; D006854:Hydrocortisone