title: Predicting under- and overnutrition among women of reproductive age: a population-based study in central Java, Indonesia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate changes over 1 year in weight and body mass index (BMI) among a population-based sample of non-pregnant women in Indonesia and to identify risk factors for developing under- and overnutrition.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional studies in 1996 and 1997 in the same population.
  
  
  METHODS
  Purworejo District, central Java, Indonesia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Non-pregnant women (n = 4132) aged 15-49 years of age who participated in both 1996 and 1997. Based on BMI, women were classified as having chronic energy deficiency (CED), and as being either of normal weight or obese.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean height of the women was below the fifth percentile of international standards. In 1996, 16.2% had CED, 72.2% were normal and 11.6% were obese. In 1997, the corresponding figures were 14.4%, 71.2% and 14.3%, respectively, revealing a significant mean increase in weight and BMI. Among women classified as normal in 1996, 3.0% developed CED in 1997. Significant risk factors for developing CED were experiences of child deaths and non-use of contraceptives. Among women classified as normal in 1996, 5.3% developed obesity in 1997. Here, significant risk factors included most indicators of wealth as well as occupation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results should be important for future efforts to prevent CED and obesity in the general population; conditions which are both associated with health risks.
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Epidemiology, Umeå University, S-90185, Umeå, Sweden.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Winkvist
authors.forename: D S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Nurdiati
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Stenlund
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hakimi
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000886:Anthropometry; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002908:Chronic Disease; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D002149:Energy Intake; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007214:Indonesia / Q000453:epidemiology; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008875:Middle Aged; D009748:Nutrition Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D009752:Nutritional Status / Q000502:physiology*; D009765:Obesity / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D012307:Risk Factors; D016387:Women's Health