title: Identification of transforming growth factor-beta1-binding protein overexpression in carmustine-resistant glioma cells by MRNA differential display.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The authors previously demonstrated the presence of cells in primary human malignant gliomas that intrinsically are resistant to carmustine (BCNU). Numerous studies have identified mechanisms of therapy resistance in these cells; however, the authors' work and that of others suggest that additional mechanisms of resistance exist.
  
  
  METHODS
  The authors identified a glioma cell line that lacks detectable methylguanine methyltransferase expression and does not alter its expression of glutathione-S-transferase-pi in response to BCNU chemotherapy. This cell line was used in mRNA differential display experiments to identify genes involved in what to the authors' knowledge were previously undescribed mechanisms of resistance.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The overexpression of the gene encoding the transforming growth factor latency binding protein was demonstrated in glioma cells selected for resistance to BCNU, compared with their parental unselected cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Transforming growth factor-beta1 has pleiotropic functions in transformed and normal cells. Although activation of TGF-beta1 does not appear to be a causative factor in BCNU resistance in the current study, it may be involved in the growth of these resistant cells.
authors.affiliation: Neuro-Oncology Research, Barrow Neurological Institute of St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona 85013, USA.
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Norman
authors.forename: S N
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Rhodes
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Treasurywala
authors.forename: D B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Hoelzinger
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rankin Shapiro
authors.forename: A C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Scheck
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D018906:Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating / Q000494:pharmacology; D015152:Blotting, Northern; D015139:Blotting, Southern; D002330:Carmustine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D019008:Drug Resistance, Neoplasm / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D018628:Gene Dosage; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D005910:Glioma / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D053779:Latent TGF-beta Binding Proteins; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000378:metabolism; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D018906:Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D053779:Latent TGF-beta Binding Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D002330:Carmustine