title: Influence of exogenous melatonin on catecholamine levels in postmenopausal women prior and during oestradiol replacement.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In young individuals melatonin administration reduces circulating norepinephrine. Some effects of melatonin are reduced in elderly women and are modulated by gonadal steroids. Accordingly, the influence of melatonin on catecholamine levels was investigated in postmenopausal women without and with oestradiol replacement.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prior to and after 2 months of transdermal oestradiol (50 microg/day), women were studied on two consecutive days, on which they received placebo or 1 mg of melatonin orally in a randomised and double-blind fashion.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fourteen healthy postmenopausal women.
  
  
  METHODS
  Resting levels of epinephrine and norepinephrine and their responses to both a cold stimulus, performed by placing a hand in a basin of water and ice for 2 minutes, and to 10 minutes of upright position (upright test).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Prior to oestradiol, melatonin did not modify baseline or stimulated catecholamine levels. In contrast, during oestradiol, melatonin tended to reduce, although not significantly, baseline norepinephrine levels (P = 0.053), and significantly reduced peak values (P = 0.0061) and integrated norepinephrine response (P = 0.0076) to the cold stimulus. Responses of norepinephrine to the upright test were not modified, while those of epinephrine were increased (P = 0.042). During, but not prior to oestradiol replacement, modifications induced by melatonin (melatonin day-placebo day) in the norepinephrine response to the cold (r2 = 0. 457; P = 0.0079) and the upright (r2 = 0.747; P = 0.0001) tests were linearly and inversely related to the responses of the placebo day.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Melatonin does not modulate adrenergic activity in postmenopausal women without hormone replacement therapy. Oestradiol replacement restores the capability of melatonin to modulate adrenergic activity, particularly the norepinephrine response to stimuli.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Modena, Italy. cagnacci@unimo.it
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cagnacci
authors.forename: A L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Zanni
authors.forename: M G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Veneri
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Menozzi
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Volpe
authors.forename: G D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Rio
mesh_terms: D002395:Catecholamines / Q000097:blood*; D003080:Cold Temperature; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004837:Epinephrine / Q000097:blood; D004958:Estradiol / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D015914:Estrogen Replacement Therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008550:Melatonin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008593:Menopause / Q000097:blood*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009638:Norepinephrine / Q000097:blood; D011187:Posture; D012044:Regression Analysis
chemical_list: D002395:Catecholamines; D004958:Estradiol; D008550:Melatonin; D009638:Norepinephrine; D004837:Epinephrine