title: Radical prostatectomy: the value of preoperative, individually labeled apical biopsies.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Involvement of the prostatic apex with adenocarcinoma is a relatively common finding, as is a positive surgical margin at this location. We evaluated whether a positive apical core biopsy provides preoperative information that may be used as a basis for the subsequent surgical approach in individuals.
  
  
  METHODS
  We evaluated apical prostate cancer in 240 individually labeled, preoperative apical core biopsies and the corresponding prostatectomy specimen in 120 patients who underwent radical prostatectomy for clinically localized prostate cancer. Sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values were calculated for the ability of an individual apical core to predict the side of tumor in the surgical specimen using 2 x 2 contingency tables. Moreover, univariate subset analysis was done for positive biopsies to assess the ability of histopathological characteristics, including Gleason score, cancer length, percent of cancer in the core and distance of cancer from the inked rectal core end, to predict a positive surgical margin at the apex.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The positive predictive value of a single positive apical core for identifying tumor location correctly in the prostatectomy specimen was 71.1%, while absent cancer in the apical biopsy had a negative predictive value of 75.5%. Sensitivity was 44.5% for a positive biopsy core. In this context the predictive value of an individual positive apical core biopsy was only 28.8% for predicting surgical margin positivity at the apex.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cancer and its histopathological characteristics in an individual core biopsy failed to predict apical tumor involvement as well as a positive apical margin at subsequent radical prostatectomy.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Pathology and Urology, University of Innsbruck, Austria.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Rogatsch
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Horninger
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Volgger
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bartsch
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Mikuz
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mairinger
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000145:classification / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001706:Biopsy; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D010347:Patient Care Planning; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011467:Prostate / Q000473:pathology; D011468:Prostatectomy / Q000379:methods*; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000145:classification / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D012007:Rectum / Q000473:pathology; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013997:Time Factors