title: Novel kinetics of mammalian glutathione synthetase: characterization of gamma-glutamyl substrate cooperative binding.
abstract: Glutathione (GSH) synthetase [L-gamma-glutamyl-L-cysteinyl:glycine ligase (ADP-forming), EC 6.3.2.3] catalyzes the final step in GSH biosynthesis. Mammalian glutathione synthetase is a homodimer with each subunit containing an active site. We report the detailed kinetic data for purified recombinant rat glutathione synthetase. It has the highest specific activity (11 micromol/min/mg) reported for any mammalian glutathione synthetase. The apparent K(m) values for ATP and glycine are 37 and 913 microM, respectively. The Lineweaver-Burk double reciprocal plot for gamma-glutamyl substrate binding revealed a departure from linearity indicating cooperative binding. Quantitative analysis of the kinetic results for gamma-glutamyl substrate binding gives a Hill coefficient (h) of 0. 576, which shows the negative cooperativity. Neither ATP, the other substrate involved in forming the enzyme-bound gamma-glutamyl phosphate intermediate, nor glycine, which attacks this intermediate to form GSH, exhibit any cooperativity. The cooperative binding of gamma-glutamyl substrate is not affected by ATP concentration. Thus, mammalian glutathione synthetase is an allosteric enzyme.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Molecular Cell Sciences, University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee 38152, USA.
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.forename: C S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Babaoglu
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Anderson
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005973:Glutamine / Q000378:metabolism*; D005981:Glutathione Synthase / Q000378:metabolism*; D007700:Kinetics; D011485:Protein Binding; D051381:Rats; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D013379:Substrate Specificity
chemical_list: D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D005973:Glutamine; D005981:Glutathione Synthase