title: Homocysteine levels during fasting and after methionine loading in adolescents with diabetic retinopathy and nephropathy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess plasma homocysteine levels in adolescents and young adults with type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes with and without microvascular complications.
  
  
  METHODS
  Homocysteine levels were measured during fasting and after methionine loading in plasma of 61 patients with onset of diabetes before the age of 12 years and duration of disease longer than 7 years. They had an albumin excretion rate (AER) between 20 and 200 microg/min in 2 of 3 overnight urine collections in a period of 6 months and/or retinopathy. Patients with persistent microalbuminuria were divided into 2 groups: subjects with AER of 20 to 70 microg/min and patients with AER of 70 to 200 microg/min. Adolescents (n = 54) without signs of diabetic retinopathy or nephropathy and matched control subjects (n = 63) were also studied.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Homocysteine concentrations before and after methionine load were higher in adolescents with diabetic complications than in healthy subjects (fasting values: 12. 4 +/- 7.9 micromol/L vs 7.8 +/- 4.2 micromol/L; P <.01; after methionine load: 28.1 +/- 13.2 micromol/L vs 16.6 +/- 7.3 micromol/L; P <.005). Values of 11.9 micromol/L or higher were considered to constitute fasting hyperhomocysteinemia. The increase of homocysteine concentrations was particularly evident in young diabetic patients with AER >70 microg/min (fasting values: 14.7 +/- 5.6 micromol/L; after methionine load: 34.2 +/- 12.6 micromol/L) and in patients with proliferative retinopathy (fasting values: 15.1 +/- 5.0 micromol/L; after methionine load: 36.8 +/- 12.5 micromol/L).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Increased plasma homocysteine concentrations may contribute to increased morbidity and death from cardiovascular disease in adolescents and young adults with diabetic retinopathy and nephropathy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Division of Pediatrics, University of Chieti, Chieti, Italy.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Chiarelli
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pomilio
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mohn
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tumini
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vanelli
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Morgese
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Spagnoli
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Verrotti
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017668:Age of Onset; D000419:Albuminuria / Q000652:urine; D002648:Child; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications*; D003928:Diabetic Nephropathies / Q000097:blood*; D003930:Diabetic Retinopathy / Q000097:blood*; D005215:Fasting; D005260:Female; D006710:Homocysteine / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D017270:Lipoprotein(a) / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008715:Methionine; D012044:Regression Analysis; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric
chemical_list: D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D017270:Lipoprotein(a); D006710:Homocysteine; D008715:Methionine