title: Femoral trochlear dysplasia: MR findings.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To establish quantitative and qualitative magnetic resonance (MR) criteria for the diagnosis of trochlear dysplasia.
  
  
  METHODS
  MR images were analyzed in 16 consecutive patients with and 23 without trochlear dysplasia. The standard of reference was a true lateral radiograph of the knee. Quantitative and qualitative MR criteria were assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In patients with trochlear dysplasia, the trochlear groove was significantly less deep than that in control subjects. The most accurate measurement was 3 cm above the femorotibial joint space (P: <.001), where a trochlear depth of 3 mm or less had a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 96%. The ventral trochlear prominence between the supratrochlear femoral cortex and the most ventral point of the trochlear floor (midsagittal section) was always larger than 6.9 mm in dysplastic trochleae. A facet ratio of less than 2:5 (medial to lateral) 3 cm above joint space level had a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 96%. A nipplelike anterior prominence at the superior end of the femoral trochlea on midsagittal images was a specific (91%) qualitative criterion.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Dysplasia of the femoral trochlea can be diagnosed reliably by using quantitative or qualitative criteria on midsagittal or transverse MR images obtained 3 cm above the femorotibial joint space.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Orthopaedic University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland. pfirrm16@centralnet.ch
authors.forename: C W
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Pfirrmann
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zanetti
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Romero
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hodler
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D018771:Arthralgia / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology; D001848:Bone Diseases, Developmental / Q000175:diagnosis*; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D005269:Femur / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D007719:Knee Joint / Q000473:pathology*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010329:Patella / Q000473:pathology; D012016:Reference Values; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity