title: Radiochromic film dosimetry of a low energy proton beam.
abstract: In this work some dosimetric characteristics of MD-55-2 GafChromic films were studied in a low energy proton beam (21.5 MeV) directly in a water phantom. The nonlinearity of the optical density was quantified by a factor P(lin). A correction factor P(en), that accounts for optical density dependence on the energy, was empirically determined. The effects of detector thickness in depth dose measurements and of the film orientation with respect to beam direction were investigated. The results show that the MD-55-2 films provide dose measurements with the films positioned perpendicularly to the proton beam. A dosimetric formalizm is proposed to determine the dose to water at depth d, with films oriented perpendicularly to the beam axis. This formalism uses a calibration factor of the radiochromic film determined directly on the proton beam at a reference depth in water, and the P(lin) factor, that takes into account the nonlinearity of the calibration curve and the P(en) factor that, in turn takes into account the change of proton beam energy in water. The MD-55-2 films with their high spatial resolution and the quasiwater equivalent material are attractive, positioned perpendicularly along the beam axis, for the absolute dose determination of very small beam sizes and modulated proton beams.
authors.affiliation: Instituto di Fisica, Università Cattolica del S. Cuore, Roma, Italy.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Piermattei
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Miceli
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Azario
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fidanzio
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: delle Canne
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: De Angelis
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Onori
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pacilio
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Petetti
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Raffaele
authors.forename: M G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Sabini
mesh_terms: D002138:Calibration; D004307:Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation; D005373:Film Dosimetry / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D007477:Ions; D015233:Models, Statistical; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D061766:Proton Therapy; D014867:Water
chemical_list: D007477:Ions; D014867:Water