title: Interaction between adrenal glucocorticoids and parasympathetic activation in mediating hyperinsulinaemia during long-term central neuropeptide Y infusion in rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Hypothalamic neuropeptide Y is implicated in the aetiology of obesity and insulin resistance because of its hyperinsulinaemic, hyperphagic effects. We investigated the interaction of adrenal glucocorticoids and the parasympathetic nervous system in the hyperinsulinaemia caused by neuropeptide Y infusion in rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Neuropeptide Y was intracerebroventricularly given to normal or adrenalectomised rats for 3-6 days with pair-feeding, with or without subcutaneous dexamethasone infusion. We measured basal and intravenous glucose-induced insulinaemia and the effect of prior atropine injection.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Neuropeptide Y increased basal plasma insulin and C-peptide concentrations (380 +/- 90 and 1000 +/- 60 pmol/1, vs 190 +/- 20 and 590 +/- 50 pmol/1 in controls, p < 0.05). Neuropeptide Y also increased the plasma concentrations of these hormones as early as 60 s after glucose injection (1630 +/- 170 and 3200 +/- 170 pmol/1 for insulin and C peptide, respectively, vs 1080 +/- 80 and 1860 +/- 130 pmol/1 in controls, p < 0.05). Atropine reversed the effect of neuropeptide Y on basal plasma insulin and C-peptide concentrations but had no effect on post-glucose plasma concentrations. The hyperinsulinaemic effects of neuropeptide Y were prevented by adrenalectomy, but were restored by dexamethasone infusion. Dexamethasone in itself did not statistically significantly increase insulinaemia in adrenalectomised rats. As in intact rats, atropine attenuated the basal hyperinsulinaemia of adrenalectomised rats that had been infused with neuropeptide Y and dexamethasone but had no effect on post-glucose hyperinsulinaemia.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data suggest firstly that neuropeptide Y infused centrally induces basal hyperinsulinaemia in rats through glucocorticoid-dependent parasympathetic activation to the pancreas. Secondly, neuropeptide Y potentiates glucose-induced insulinaemia through a pathway dependent on adrenal glucocorticoids that cannot be reversed by short-term blockade of the increased parasympathetic tonus.
authors.affiliation: Diabetes Research Group, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Sydney, Australia.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sainsbury
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wilks
authors.forename: G J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Cooney
mesh_terms: D000315:Adrenalectomy; D000818:Animals; D001285:Atropine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D002096:C-Peptide / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D002552:Cerebral Ventricles / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D003907:Dexamethasone / Q000494:pharmacology; D006946:Hyperinsulinism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D007263:Infusions, Parenteral; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood* / Q000378:metabolism; D000078790:Insulin Secretion; D007700:Kinetics; D008297:Male; D018727:Muscarinic Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D009478:Neuropeptide Y / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012016:Reference Values
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D002096:C-Peptide; D007328:Insulin; D018727:Muscarinic Antagonists; D009478:Neuropeptide Y; D001285:Atropine; D003907:Dexamethasone