title: Absence of herpesvirus DNA by polymerase chain reaction in ocular fluids obtained from immunocompetent patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the prevalence of herpesvirus DNA in ocular fluids obtained from healthy patients undergoing vitreoretinal surgery.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) has been used to detect herpesvirus DNA in patients with acute retinal necrosis and cytomegalovirus retinitis. Little is known regarding the prevalence of detectable herpesvirus DNA in ocular fluids collected from healthy seropositive patients with no clinical evidence of viral retinitis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventy-five intraocular specimens (35 aqueous and 40 vitreous samples) were collected from 75 patients undergoing scleral buckling or vitrectomy. Using a PCR-based assay, the authors tested each specimen for the presence of herpesvirus genome DNA with primers specific for cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus, herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2, and varicella zoster virus. Serologic testing for immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgM levels corresponding to each of the herpesviruses was also performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 75 samples tested, none was found to harbor herpesvirus DNA. The assay did not give false-positive results in patients with active intraocular inflammation. The sensitivity of the assay was 0.08 infection-forming units for cytomegalovirus, 0.6 tissue culture infectious doses for herpes simplex virus, 0.5 infected-cell equivalents for Epstein-Barr virus, and 0.03 focus-forming units for varicella zoster virus. The percentage of patients with positive herpesvirus serology ranged from 86% to 100% and was consistent with rates observed in the general population.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The prevalence of herpesvirus DNA detectable by PCR techniques in ocular fluids appears to be quite low despite the high proportion of patients who tested positive for herpesvirus antibodies. Therefore, a positive result obtained in a patient presenting with vitreoretinal inflammation should be regarded as significant.
authors.affiliation: Retina Associates of Cleveland, Inc., Beachwood, Ohio, USA.
authors.forename: S D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Pendergast
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Werner
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Drevon
authors.forename: D L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Wiedbrauk
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000032:analysis; D001082:Aqueous Humor / Q000378:metabolism / Q000821:virology*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D017726:Cytomegalovirus Retinitis / Q000276:immunology* / Q000821:virology; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000032:analysis*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D006564:Herpesviridae / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D016867:Immunocompromised Host / Q000276:immunology*; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D007075:Immunoglobulin M / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D015882:Retinal Necrosis Syndrome, Acute / Q000276:immunology* / Q000821:virology; D014822:Vitreous Body / Q000378:metabolism / Q000821:virology
chemical_list: D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D004279:DNA, Viral; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D007075:Immunoglobulin M