title: Increased risk of cervical disease among human immunodeficiency virus-infected women with severe immunosuppression and high human papillomavirus load(1).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate human papillomavirus (HPV) genotypes, HPV DNA load, and behavioral and sociodemographic factors in a series of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-seropositive women, and to correlate HPV infection with cervical disease according to immune status.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three hundred seven HIV-seropositive women were tested for the presence of HPV DNA by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Southern blot hybridization. Cervical disease was assessed using Papanicolaou smears, colposcopy, and biopsies when necessary. Various risk factors for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) were tested using multiple logistic regression analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cervical disease was diagnosed in 83 (27.0%) of 307 women and HPV infection in 162 (52.8%). High HPV load (as detectable by Southern blot hybridization) was found in 90 (55.6%) of the 162 infected women. Potentially oncogenic or related genotypes were detected in 74 (82.2%) of these 90 cases. High-load HPV infection was twice as frequent in severely immunosuppressed women (CD4 cell count less than 200/microL) as in women with higher CD4 cell counts (P =.002). High-load HPV infection was associated with a high risk of cervical disease (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 16.8; 95% confidence interval [CI] 7.0, 40.3). The risk among severely immunosuppressed women was ten times greater than that among women with CD4 cell counts of at least 200/microL. Low-load HPV infection (detected by PCR only) was a risk factor for CIN in severely immunosuppressed women only (adjusted OR 7.4; 95% CI 1.3, 43.0).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Immunosuppression favors cervical high-load HPV infection with oncogenic genotypes and its clinical expression in HIV-seropositive women.
authors.affiliation: Service d'Obstétrique et de Gynécologie,Hópita Cochin,INSERM SC4, Paris, France. isabelle.heard@brs.ap-hop-paris.fr
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Heard
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Tassie
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Schmitz
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Mandelbrot
authors.forename: M D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Kazatchkine
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Orth
mesh_terms: D017088:AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000276:immunology* / Q000821:virology; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D018791:CD4 Lymphocyte Count; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D006679:HIV Seropositivity / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D027383:Papillomaviridae / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D030361:Papillomavirus Infections / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000276:immunology* / Q000821:virology; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012307:Risk Factors; D014412:Tumor Virus Infections / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000276:immunology* / Q000821:virology; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000276:immunology* / Q000821:virology; D019562:Viral Load; D002578:Uterine Cervical Dysplasia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000276:immunology* / Q000821:virology