title: Heroin and opiate emergencies in Vienna: analysis at the municipal ambulance service.
abstract: Vienna suffered an epidemic of heroin abuse in recent years, with drug-deaths due to opioids increasing from 62 in 1991 to 143 in 1993. The aim of this study was to make observations about illicit opioid-use with the ambulance service as a data source. From June 1994 to August 1995, the structured run records of the ambulance service were reviewed. Those with a presumptive diagnosis of "heroin or opiate" overdose were collected, characteristics of emergencies and patients were analyzed. The run records demonstrated a large number of non-fatal emergencies due to opioids, involving 528 men and 179 women in 1087 emergencies. These emergencies were on the average 6.8 times as prevalent as drug-fatalities. A group of 189 persons could be identified, who caused 52.2% of all emergencies and showed a threefold mortality rate during the observation period. In Vienna, the records of the municipal ambulance service provided valuable insights on opioid-abuse. We suggest local analysis of non-fatal emergencies due to opioids, as this might lead to a new source of information on illicit abuse of these drugs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, AKH, General Hospital, Vienna, Austria. dan.seidler@akh-wien.ac.at
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Seidler
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Schmeiser-Rieder
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Schlarp
authors.forename: A N
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Laggner
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001317:Austria / Q000453:epidemiology; D062787:Drug Overdose / Q000453:epidemiology; D004632:Emergency Medical Services / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D006556:Heroin Dependence / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009293:Opioid-Related Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology*