title: PGE(1) treatment of severe intermittent claudication (short-term versus long-term, associated with exercise)--efficacy and costs in a 20-week, randomized trial.
abstract: The efficacy, safety, and cost of prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) in the treatment of severe intermittent claudication was studied comparing a long-term treatment protocol (LTP) with a short-term treatment protocol (STP) in a randomized 20-week study. The study included 980 patients (883 completed the study) with an average total walking distance of 85.5 +/-10 m (range 22-119). Phase 1 was a 2-week run-in phase (no treatment) for both protocols. In LTP, phase 2 was the main treatment phase. In the LTP, treatment was performed with 2-hour infusions (60 microg PGE1, 5 days each week for 4 weeks. In phase 3 (4-week interval period) PGE1 was administered twice a week (same dosage). In phase 4 (monitoring lasting 3 months, from week 9 to 20) no drugs were used. In STP phase 2 treatment was performed in 2 days by a 2-hour infusion (first day: morning 20 microg, afternoon 40 microg; second day morning and afternoon 60 microg). The reduced dosage was used only at the first cycle (week 0) to evaluate tolerability or side effects. Full dosage (60 microg bid) was used for all other cycles. The same cycle was repeated at the beginning of weeks 4, 8, and 12. The observation period was between weeks 12 and 20. A treadmill test was performed at inclusion, at the beginning of each phase, and at the end of 20th week. A similar progressive physical training plan (based on walking) and a reduction in risk factors levels plan was used in both groups. Intention-to-treat analysis indicated an increase in walking distance, which improved at 4 weeks and at 20 weeks in the STP more than in the LTP group. At 4 weeks the variation (increase) in pain-free walking (PFWD) was 167.8% (of the initial value) in the LTP group and 185% in the STP group (p<0.05). At 4 weeks the variation (increase) in total walking distance (TWD) was 227.6% of the initial value in the LTP group and 289% in the STP group (p<0.05). At 20 weeks the increase in PFWD was 496% of the initial value in the LTP group vs 643% in the STP group (147% difference; p<0.02). The increase in TWD was 368% in the LTP group and 529% in the STP group (161% difference; p<0.02). In both groups there was a significant increase in PFWD and TWD at 4 and 20 weeks, but results obtained with STP are better considering both walking distances. No serious drug-related side effects were observed. Local, mild adverse reactions were seen in 6.3% of the treated subjects in the LTP and 3% in the STP. Average cost of LTP was 6,664 Euro; for STP the average costs was approximately 1,820 E. The cost to achieve an improvement in walking distance of 1 m was 45.8 E with the LTP and 8.5 E with the STP (18% of the LTP cost; p<0.02). For an average 100% increase in walking distance the LTP cost was 1,989 E vs. 421 E with STP (p<0.02). Between-group analysis favors STP considering walking distance and costs. Results indicate good efficacy and tolerability of PGE, treatment. With STP less time is spent in infusion and more in the exercise program. STP reduces costs, speeds rehabilitation, and may be easily used in a larger number of nonspecialized units.
authors.affiliation: San Valentino PAP/PEA Project, Pescara, Italy. cardres@pe.abol.it
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Belcaro
authors.forename: A N
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Nicolaides
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Agus
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Cesarone
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Geroulakos
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Pellegrini
authors.forename: M T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: De Sanctis
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Incandela
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ricci
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mondani
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: De Angelis
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ippolito
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Barsotti
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vasdekis
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ledda
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Christopoulos
authors.forename: B M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Errichi
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Helmis
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Cornelli
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ramaswami
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dugall
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bucci
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Martines
authors.forename: P G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Ferrari
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Corsi
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Di Francescantonio
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000527:Alprostadil / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000191:economics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D016527:Drug Costs; D005081:Exercise Therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007383:Intermittent Claudication / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology / Q000534:rehabilitation; D007866:Leg / Q000098:blood supply*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010146:Pain / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014665:Vasodilator Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000191:economics / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D014665:Vasodilator Agents; D000527:Alprostadil