title: Etoposide, mitoxantrone and prednisone: a salvage regimen with low toxicity for refractory or relapsed non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Relapsed non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) is preferably treated with high-dose therapy and stem cell support. However, not all patients qualify for intensive chemotherapy. We evaluated the efficacy and toxicity of a new salvage chemotherapy regimen designed for patients with relapsed or refractory NHL who are not appropriate candidates for high-dose therapy (HDT).
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventy-nine patients received a regimen consisting of etoposide (350 mg/m(2) i.v. day 1), mitoxantrone (14 mg/m(2) i.v. day 1) and prednisone (80 mg/m(2) p.o. days 1-5) (EMP). The majority had aggressive NHL. Twenty-one patients were elderly, i.e. >60 years of age;
  
  
  RESULTS
  The overall response rate in the 79 patients was 38% as compared to 67% in the elderly. The progression-free survival was 54% and 30% at 12 months and 24 months, respectively. The toxicity of the regimen was relatively low. No toxic deaths have occurred. In 28 of 231 cycles (12%) a CTC-grade 2-4 infection was encountered. Twenty-one hospital admissions were necessary because of infection or fever. Other toxicity was rare. Toxicity was not greater in the elderly patients. WHO performance status 2-4 and elevated serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) concentrationv were adverse prognostic factors for response as well as for overall survival. Another adverse prognostic factor for response was age <60 years.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  EMP is a new salvage regimen with a relatively low toxicity. It should be considered for patients with relapsed or refractory NHL who are not candidates for standard reinduction therapy and stem cell transplantation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Hematology; University Hospital Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: J K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Doorduijn
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Spruit
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: van Der Holt
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: van't Veer
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Budel
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Löwenberg
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sonneveld
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000097:blood; D001855:Bone Marrow Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced; D018450:Disease Progression; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005047:Etoposide / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase / Q000097:blood; D015993:Life Tables; D008228:Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008942:Mitoxantrone / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000097:blood; D011241:Prednisone / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D011379:Prognosis; D012449:Safety; D016879:Salvage Therapy; D016019:Survival Analysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D005047:Etoposide; D008942:Mitoxantrone; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; D011241:Prednisone