title: Men, masculinity, and cancer: risk-factor behaviors, early detection, and psychosocial adaptation.
abstract: Men and women experience cancer differently. More men than women get cancer, more men than women die from cancer, and men usually adapt less well than women after a cancer diagnosis. In this article, the author suggests that the consequences of male gender-role socialization may explain some of these differences. The focus of the article is on (a) cancer risk-factor behaviors; (b) screening, early detection, symptom recognition, and help seeking; and (c) psychosocial adaptation. Research that has identified gender differences is reviewed and the impact of male gender-role socialization is offered as a potential explanation for these differences. In addition, practice implications for college health professionals are offered.
authors.affiliation: Department of Counseling Psychology, Ball State University, Muncie, IN 47306, USA. 00drnicholas@bsu.edu
authors.forename: D R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Nicholas
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D005260:Female; D005783:Gender Identity; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology*; D010342:Patient Acceptance of Health Care; D012309:Risk-Taking; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D013333:Student Health Services