title: n-Butyrate mediated inhibition of papovavirus DNA replication in vivo and in cell culture: a mechanistic approach.
abstract: n-Butyrate, an inhibitor of G1-to-S transition inhibits papovavirus DNA replication in cell culture. To explore the efficacy of n-butyrate in vivo and to better understand its mechanism, we studied the effect of n-butyrate on viral DNA replication in mice acutely infected with polyomavirus and in the papovavirus-infected cells in culture. Newborn mice treated with n-butyrate stop growing and become runted. When infected with polyomavirus, these mice show a strong overall inhibition of viral DNA. However, a notable exception to this was the continued viral DNA replication in the differentiated mouse keratinocytes and renal epithelial cells as determined by in situ hybridization. n-Butyrate significantly inhibited viral DNA replication in the cultured IDL cells, and in polyomavirus-infected C2C12 myoblasts based on Southern blot analysis and in situ hybridization. DNA polymerase alpha (but not DNA polymerase beta) and the characteristic nuclear expression of PCNA were both inhibited in the n-butyrate treated IDL and C2C12 cells. n-Butyrate, therefore, inhibited host and viral DNA synthesis in the undifferentiated cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Scripps Clinic, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA. ffshadan@netzero.net
authors.forename: F F
authors.initials: FF
authors.lastname: Shadan
authors.forename: L P
authors.initials: LP
authors.lastname: Villarreal
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D015139:Blotting, Southern; D052688:Bovine papillomavirus 1 / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D002087:Butyrates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000378:metabolism; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004256:DNA Polymerase I / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D004261:DNA Replication; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D017403:In Situ Hybridization; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D011120:Polyomavirus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D018809:Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D002087:Butyrates; D004279:DNA, Viral; D018809:Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen; D004256:DNA Polymerase I