title: MPP(+) injection into rat substantia nigra causes secondary glial activation but not cell death in the ipsilateral striatum.
abstract: Injection of MPP(+) into the substantia nigra causes extensive necrosis and anterograde degeneration of pars compacta dopaminergic neurons. We studied secondary effects in the ipsilateral striatum by examining dopaminergic terminals, signs of neuronal damage, and glial reactivity at 1, 2, 3, and 7 days after injection of MPP(+) into the substantia nigra. Dopaminergic terminals and uptake sites were evaluated with [(3)H]GBR-12935 binding and tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactivity. Glial reaction was examined with markers of astrocytes and microglia. Stereology was used to evaluate any changes in neuronal density. Tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactivity and [(3)H]GBR-12935 binding markedly decreased (74%) from days 2 to 7. Loss of dopaminergic terminals in the ipsilateral striatum was accompanied by an intense astroglial and, to a lesser extent, microglial reaction. However, no signs of cell damage, neuronal loss, or disruption of the blood-brain barrier were found in the striatum. Resident astroglial and microglial cells showed a morphological shift and notable changes in protein expression typical of glial reactivity, yet the presence of macrophage-like cells was not detected. This study shows that injection of MPP(+) in the substantia nigra causes a secondary reaction within the ipsilateral striatum involving the transformation of quiescent glia to reactive glia. It is suggested that stimuli derived from damaged dopaminergic terminals within the striatum are able to activate resident glia and that this glial transformation may promote repair and regeneration.
authors.affiliation: Unitat de Farmacologia i Farmacognòsia, Nucli Universitari de Pedralbes, Barcelona, E-08028, Spain.
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Canudas
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Friguls
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Planas
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gabriel
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Escubedo
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Camarasa
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Camins
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pallàs
mesh_terms: D015655:1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000378:metabolism; D016923:Cell Death / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D003342:Corpus Striatum / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D005904:Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D006540:Herbicides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007546:Isoquinolines / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D009457:Neuroglia / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D009474:Neurons / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013378:Substantia Nigra / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D005904:Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein; D006540:Herbicides; D007546:Isoquinolines; D015655:1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium; C037850:PK 11195