title: Early release pattern of S100 protein as a marker of brain damage after warm cardiopulmonary bypass.
abstract: Warm blood cardioplegia may be more beneficial to the heart than cold cardioplegia, but the effects of warm cardiopulmonary bypass and warm blood cardioplegia on the brain are controversial. S100 protein is an early marker of brain damage and has been detected after cold cardiopulmonary bypass. We studied S100 concentrations in 20 patients undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery before and after warm cardiopulmonary bypass (34-37 degrees C) using warm blood cardioplegia (37 degrees C) for all patients. The peak level of S100 protein occurred immediately after warm cardiopulmonary bypass, then decreased progressively until the last measurement at 4.5 h after bypass. The peak level appears to be dependent upon the age of the patient, with the following regression equation: y = -3.2 + 0.08x, where y is S100 protein concentration in microg.l-1 and x is patient age in years. Further studies are needed to investigate the clinical significance of this early release pattern. Patient age should be taken into account when studying S100 protein levels after cardiopulmonary bypass.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthetics and Intensive Care Medicine, University of Wales College of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shaaban Ali
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Harmer
authors.forename: R S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Vaughan
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dunne
authors.forename: I P
authors.initials: IP
authors.lastname: Latto
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001925:Brain Damage, Chronic / Q000175:diagnosis*; D002315:Cardiopulmonary Bypass / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009418:S100 Proteins / Q000097:blood*; D013696:Temperature
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D009418:S100 Proteins