title: Effect of Indian Hypericum perforatum Linn on animal models of cognitive dysfunction.
abstract: The effect of a standardised 50% ethanolic extract of Indian Hypericum perforatum (IHp) was investigated for its putative nootropic activity on various experimental paradigms of learning and memory, viz. transfer latency (TL) on elevated plus-maze, passive avoidance (PA), active avoidance (AA), scopolamine and sodium nitrite induced amnesia (SIA & NIA) in albino rats. Pilot studies indicated that single dose administration of IHp had little or no acute behavioural effects, hence the extract of IHp was administered orally at two dose levels (100 and 200 mg/kg, p.o.), once in daily for three consecutive days, while piracetam (500/kg, i.p.), a clinically used nootropic agent, was administered acutely to rats as the standard drug. Control rats were treated with equal volume of vehicle (0.3% carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)). IHp and piracetam when given alone shortened the TL on day 1, 2, 9 and also antagonised the amnesic effects of scopolamine and sodium nitrite on the TL significantly. IHp had no significant per se effect on the retention of the PA in rats. Only the higher dose (200 mg/kg, p.o.) produced a significant reversal of scopolamine induced PA retention deficit but no significant reversal was observed with sodium nitrite. Piracetam showed significant per se facilitatory effect on PA retention and also reversed the scopolamine and sodium nitrite induced impaired PA retention. In the AA test, IHp in both the doses, and piracetam, facilitated the acquisition and retention of AA in rats and the IHp effects were found to be dose dependent. Both the doses of IHp and piracetam significantly attenuated the scopolamine and sodium nitrite induced impaired retention of AA. These results indicate a possible nootropic action of IHp, which was qualitatively comparable with that induced by piracetam.
authors.affiliation: Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221 005, India.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.forename: P N
authors.initials: PN
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.forename: A V
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Muruganandam
authors.forename: S K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Bhattacharya
mesh_terms: D000647:Amnesia / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000517:prevention & control; D000818:Animals; D001007:Anxiety / Q000523:psychology; D001362:Avoidance Learning / Q000187:drug effects; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D020902:Hypericum / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007194:India; D008297:Male; D018727:Muscarinic Antagonists; D018697:Nootropic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010946:Plants, Medicinal; D051381:Rats; D012601:Scopolamine; D012977:Sodium Nitrite
chemical_list: D018727:Muscarinic Antagonists; D018697:Nootropic Agents; D010936:Plant Extracts; D012601:Scopolamine; D012977:Sodium Nitrite