title: Bacteriology of chronic otitis media in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the aetiology of chronic otitis media (COM) in Dar es Salaam and to find out the shelf life of boric acid in spirit ear drops (BAISED).
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Muhimbili Medical Centre and selected primary schools within Dar es Salaam.
  
  
  METHODS
  Bacterial isolates and their sensitivity patterns and shelf life of BAISED.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred and seventy six pus swab specimens obtained from 150 patients with COM for more than three months were submitted for culture and antimicrobial sensitivity testing in 1997.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The isolates included Pseudomonas aeruginosa (51.7%), Staphylococcus aureus (17.2%), Proteus mirabilis (13.2%), Klebsiella spp. (8.0%), Escherichia coli (5.8%) and unidentified coliforms in 4.0%. All isolates were sensitive to gentamicin. Sensitivity of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Proteus mirabilis to kanamycin was 98.5% and 100%, respectively. P. aeruginosa was sensitive to chloramphenicol, ampicillin and tetracycline by 58.1%, 10.1% and 8.3%, respectively. Three per cent BAISED inhibited the growth of all Pseudomonas aeruginosa even after it has been stored at room temperature for six weeks.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Based on these results, the drug of choice for management of COM in Dar es Salaam is gentamicin. However, given its ototoxicity effects and the fact that BAISED is effective and affordable, the later should be the treatment of choice.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Muhimbili University College of Health Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
authors.forename: N H
authors.initials: NH
authors.lastname: Moshi
authors.forename: B M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Minja
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ole-Lengine
authors.forename: D S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Mwakagile
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D001301:Audiometry, Pure-Tone; D001888:Boric Acids / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002908:Chronic Disease; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004352:Drug Resistance, Microbial; D004356:Drug Storage; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007322:Instillation, Drug; D008297:Male; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D010033:Otitis Media / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology*; D013636:Tanzania / Q000453:epidemiology; D013997:Time Factors; D014504:Urban Health
chemical_list: D001888:Boric Acids; C032688:boric acid