title: Effect of dietary protein content and tryptophan supplementation on dominance aggression, territorial aggression, and hyperactivity in dogs.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effect of high- and low-protein diets with or without tryptophan supplementation on behavior of dogs with dominance aggression, territorial aggression, and hyperactivity.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective crossover study.
  
  
  METHODS
  11 dogs with dominance aggression, 11 dogs with territorial aggression, and 11 dogs with hyperactivity.
  
  
  METHODS
  In each group, 4 diets were fed for 1 weeks each in random order with a transition period of not < 3 days between each diet. Two diets had low protein content (approximately 18%), and 2 diets had high protein content (approximately 30%). Two of the diets (1 low-protein and 1 high-protein) were supplemented with tryptophan. Owners scored their dog's behavior daily by use of customized behavioral score sheets. Mean weekly values of 5 behavioral measures and serum concentrations of serotonin and tryptophan were determined at the end of each dietary period.
  
  
  RESULTS
  For dominance aggression, behavioral scores were highest in dogs fed unsupplemented high-protein rations. For territorial aggression, [corrected] tryptophan-supplemented low-protein diets were associated with significantly lower behavioral scores than low-protein diets without tryptophan supplements.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  For dogs with dominance aggression, the addition of tryptophan to high-protein diets or change to a low-protein diet may reduce aggression. For dogs with territorial aggression, tryptophan supplementation of a low-protein diet may be helpful in reducing aggression.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University, Grafton, MA 01536, USA.
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: DeNapoli
authors.forename: N H
authors.initials: NH
authors.lastname: Dodman
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Shuster
authors.forename: W M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Rand
authors.forename: K L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Gross
mesh_terms: D000374:Aggression / Q000502:physiology*; D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000502:physiology*; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology; D004285:Dogs; D005260:Female; D006948:Hyperkinesis / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008297:Male; D012701:Serotonin / Q000097:blood; D012930:Social Dominance; D013731:Territoriality; D014364:Tryptophan / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D004044:Dietary Proteins; D012701:Serotonin; D014364:Tryptophan