title: Fatty acid content of plasma lipid fractions, blood lipids, and apolipoproteins in children fed milk products containing different quantity and quality of fat.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Differences in fatty acid content of plasma lipid fractions and serum lipid concentrations were investigated among young children fed different milk diets composed to achieve a recommended saturated fat intake.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-eight healthy children were randomly assigned to one of four feeding groups at 12 months: 1) low-fat milk (1.0 g/dL cow's milk fat); 2) standard-fat milk (3.5 g/dL cow's milk fat); 3) partially vegetable fat milk (3.5 gtat/dL fat; 50% vegetable fat: rapeseed oil); and 4) full vegetable-fat milk (3.5 gtat/dL fat; 100% vegetable fat: palm, coconut, and soy oil). Plasma fatty acids, blood lipids, and apolipoproteins were analyzed at 15 months, and dietary intakes at 12, 15, and 18 months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were significantly lower percentage contributions of saturated fatty acids in plasma triglycerides in children fed low-fat milk or milk with 50% or 100% vegetable fat than in children fed standard-fat milk. Plasma polyunsaturated fatty acid levels were significantly higher in children fed milks with vegetable fat than in children fed standard-fat milk. Plasma saturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids in triglycerides most closely reflected dietary intake. Blood lipid concentrations were lower in children fed milk with 50% vegetable fat.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Children fed milk with 50% or 100% vegetable fat, together with high vegetable-fat and low milk-fat dairy products have lower percentages of plasma saturated fatty acids and higher percentages of polyunsaturated fatty acids than children fed standard- or low-fat milk and dairy products.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, University of Lund, University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden. johan.svahn@pediatrik.mas.lu.se
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Svahn
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Feldl
authors.forename: N C
authors.initials: NC
authors.lastname: Räihä
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Koletzko
authors.forename: I E
authors.initials: IE
authors.lastname: Axelsson
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001053:Apolipoproteins / Q000097:blood*; D002791:Cholesterol, Dietary / Q000008:administration & dosage; D003611:Dairy Products; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002149:Energy Intake; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000097:blood*; D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood*; D008074:Lipoproteins / Q000097:blood; D008892:Milk; D011446:Prospective Studies; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D001053:Apolipoproteins; D002791:Cholesterol, Dietary; D004041:Dietary Fats; D005227:Fatty Acids; D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated; D008055:Lipids; D008074:Lipoproteins; D014280:Triglycerides