title: Fetal response to maternally administered morphine.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We sought to determine the effects of maternally administered morphine on fetal response.
  
  
  METHODS
  Singleton pregnancies requiring fetal blood sampling were enrolled. Only study patients were given morphine intramuscularly. Maternal vital signs, fetal heart rate, biophysical profile score, and umbilical artery Doppler indices (systolic/diastolic ratio, resistance index, and pulsatility index) were completed before and after fetal blood sampling. Maternal and cord blood morphine concentrations were measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ten study and 6 control patients were enrolled. A significantly lower biophysical profile score was observed in study patients (P =.001) as a result of absent fetal breathing movements and nonreactive nonstress tests. Gross and fine fetal movements were unaffected. A significant correlation was measured between the biophase morphine concentration and each of the Doppler indices.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Morphine administered to the mother causes a significant decrease in the biophysical profile score. Correlation between the biophase morphine concentration and the Doppler indices was calculated. These results suggest that morphine acts as a vasoconstrictor of the placental vasculature but do not support the use of intramuscular morphine to suppress fetal movement.
authors.affiliation: Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: E A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Kopecky
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Ryan
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Barrett
authors.forename: P G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Seaward
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ryan
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Koren
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Amankwah
mesh_terms: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000097:blood / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D005312:Fetal Blood; D005324:Fetal Movement / Q000187:drug effects; D005333:Fetus / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D007273:Injections, Intramuscular; D008431:Maternal-Fetal Exchange; D009020:Morphine / Q000097:blood / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D009994:Osmolar Concentration; D011247:Pregnancy; D013048:Specimen Handling
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D009020:Morphine