title: Microemulsions are membrane-active, antimicrobial, self-preserving systems.
abstract: Microemulsions are physically stable oil/water systems that have potential use as delivery systems for many pharmaceuticals which are normally of limited use due to their hydrophobicity, toxicity or inability to access the site of action. It has been suggested that microemulsions are self-preserving antimicrobials in their own right, although there is little evidence to support this. In this experiment, microemulsions of various compositions were formulated and tested for their stability and antimicrobial action. The physical stability of the different microemulsions was assessed by centrifugation at 4000g and by storage in a water bath at 37 degrees C for one month, during which no phase separation was observed. The antimicrobial activity of the microemulsions was tested using the compendial method, observation of the kinetics of killing, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) of microemulsion-exposed cultures of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA01. These latter experiments on Ps. aeruginosa indicated distinct signs of membrane disruption. The results indicated that the microemulsions are self-preserved, and that their killing of microbial cultures is very rapid and may be the result of membrane activity.
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy and Medical Technology, Al Petra University, Amman, Jordan.
authors.forename: I S
authors.initials: IS
authors.lastname: Al-Adham
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Khalil
authors.forename: N D
authors.initials: ND
authors.lastname: Al-Hmoud
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kierans
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Collier
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D055598:Chemical Phenomena; D002627:Chemistry, Physical; D004655:Emulsions / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D008854:Microscopy, Electron; D009829:Oleic Acids; D011550:Pseudomonas aeruginosa / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D013501:Surface-Active Agents; D014783:Viscosity
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D004655:Emulsions; D009829:Oleic Acids; D013501:Surface-Active Agents; C033180:ethyl oleate