title: Production of angiotensin-I-converting-enzyme-inhibitory peptides in fermented milks started by Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus SS1 and Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris FT4.
abstract: Two fermented milks containing angiotensin-I-converting-enzyme (ACE)-inhibitory peptides were produced by using selected Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus SS1 and L. lactis subsp. cremoris FT4. The pH 4.6-soluble nitrogen fraction of the two fermented milks was fractionated by reversed-phase fast-protein liquid chromatography. The fractions which showed the highest ACE-inhibitory indexes were further purified, and the related peptides were sequenced by tandem fast atom bombardment-mass spectrometry. The most inhibitory fractions of the milk fermented by L. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus SS1 contained the sequences of beta-casein (beta-CN) fragment 6-14 (f6-14), f7-14, f73-82, f74-82, and f75-82. Those from the milk fermented by L. lactis subsp. cremoris FT4 contained the sequences of beta-CN f7-14, f47-52, and f169-175 and kappa-CN f155-160 and f152-160. Most of these sequences had features in common with other ACE-inhibitory peptides reported in the literature. In particular, the beta-CN f47-52 sequence had high homology with that of angiotensin-II. Some of these peptides were chemically synthesized. The 50% inhibitory concentrations (IC(50)s) of the crude purified fractions containing the peptide mixture were very low (8.0 to 11.2 mg/liter). When the synthesized peptides were used individually, the ACE-inhibitory activity was confirmed but the IC(50)s increased considerably. A strengthened inhibitory effect of the peptide mixtures with respect to the activity of individual peptides was presumed. Once generated, the inhibitory peptides were resistant to further proteolysis either during dairy processing or by trypsin and chymotrypsin.
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Protezione delle Piante e Microbiologia Applicata, Università degli Studi di Bari, 70126 Bari, Italy. gobbetti@unipg.it
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gobbetti
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ferranti
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Smacchi
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Goffredi
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Addeo
mesh_terms: D000803:Angiotensin I / Q000378:metabolism; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D005285:Fermentation; D007778:Lactobacillus / Q000378:metabolism*; D013294:Lactococcus lactis / Q000378:metabolism*; D008892:Milk / Q000382:microbiology*; D008894:Milk Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D010455:Peptides / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D016339:Spectrometry, Mass, Fast Atom Bombardment
chemical_list: D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; D008894:Milk Proteins; D010455:Peptides; D000803:Angiotensin I