Treatment options for regional musculoskeletal pain: what is the evidence?
Decisions about the best treatment options for patients with regional musculoskeletal pain must be made despite a lack of clear diagnostic criteria, an absence of robust outcome measures by which to assess response, and a paucity of evidence from high-quality randomized controlled trials. Although the randomized controlled trial is considered to be the 'gold standard' research design, it does not lend itself easily to the evaluation of all management strategies. This chapter explores these issues from a research perspective and reviews the various types of evidence available to help practitioners make informed decisions. The current evidence from systematic reviews in this area is summarized in the final part of the chapter.
Hay
E M
EM
Consultant and Senior Lecturer in Community Rheumatology, Staffordshire Rheumatology Centre Keele University, Keele, Staffs ST5 5BG, UK.
Dziedzic
K
K
Sim
J
J
D004599:Electric Stimulation Therapy; D006801:Humans; D015201:Meta-Analysis as Topic; D009140:Musculoskeletal Diseases / Q000628:therapy*; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D059408:Pain Management; D026741:Physical Therapy Modalities; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D004561:Transcutaneous Electric Nerve Stimulation