title: Beneficial effects of iloprost during experimentally induced hemorrhagic shock.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of iloprost on myocardial insufficiency associated with hypovolemic shock in dogs. We designed the study as a controlled randomized study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixteen mixed-breed dogs were included into the study and divided into two equal groups as the control and iloprost groups. Mean arterial pressure was reduced to 45 mmHg by withdrawing the arterial blood into citrated bags. The control group did not receive any drug but the other group received iloprost at a rate of 20 ng/kg/min by an infusion pump. Iloprost infusion was started 30 min after the blood pressure was reduced to 45 mmHg. All measurements were made before removal of blood, 45 min after exsanguination and at 1 hour intervals for 3 hours. Left ventricular stroke work index was measured 72 hours after the study. The hemodynamic and biochemical parameters and blood gas analysis were obtained.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After hemorrhage, cardiac index (CI) decreased significantly from 132 +/- 14 to 51 +/- 8 ml/kg/min in the control group and from 128 +/- 11 ml/kg/min to 47 +/- 13 ml/kg/min in the iloprost group, respectively but at the end of the third hour it was 81 +/- 8 ml/kg/min in the control group and 105 +/- 6 ml/kg/min in the iloprost group (p < 0.05). Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF alpha) was 41 +/- 8 pg/ml in the control group and 18 +/- 6 in the iloprost group 3 hours after bleeding (p < 0.05). Tumor necrosis factor-alpha concentration was significantly higher in the control group than in the iloprost group. There was no significant difference in pH between the groups but actual bicarbonate concentrations were different between the groups (p < 0.05). At the end of the third hour total body oxygen consumption was 105 +/- 11 ml/min in the control group and 132 +/- 12 ml/min in the iloprost group (p < 0.05). Oxygen delivery 3 hours after hemorrhage was 201 +/- 19 ml/min in the control group and 252 +/- 24 ml/min in the iloprost group (p > 0.05). Left ventricular stroke work index was higher in the iloprost group (p < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hemorrhagic shock causes tumor necrosis factor-alpha release which may lead to multiple organ failure. Organ dysfunction still persists even after the appropriate treatment. Iloprost attenuates the release of tumor necrosis factor-alpha which may improve the adverse effects of hemorrhagic shock.
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Surgery Department of Türkiye, Yüksek Ihtisas Hospital of Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: S F
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Katircioğlu
authors.forename: A T
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Ulus
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gökçe
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Apaydin
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ayaz
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Dalva
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Koç
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Atalay
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004285:Dogs; D016285:Iloprost / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012771:Shock, Hemorrhagic / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D014665:Vasodilator Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; D014665:Vasodilator Agents; D016285:Iloprost