title: Hemodialysis-related subacromial lesion: diagnostic imaging and minimally invasive treatment.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In an attempt to refine the diagnosis and surgical treatment system for spontaneous shoulder pain in supine position (SPSP) in long-term hemodialysis (LTHD) patients we reviewed shoulders of patients during a 4-year period.
  
  
  METHODS
  Clinical findings, imaging findings and operative results (average duration of follow-up was 39 months) on both shoulders of 110 patients (Shigei Hospital, Okayama, Japan) were analyzed to identify the cause of SPSP in order to accurately differentiate it from other shoulder pains, and to select the proper treatment method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  As the hemodialysis period lengthened, increase in the incidence and severity of bone and soft tissue changes (radiolucency, joint destruction, increase of thickness of subacromial bursa and rotator cuff, and synovial proliferation) in the shoulder induced by dialysis-related amyloidosis were noted in roentgenography, ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging. SPSP occurred in the LTHD patients. An increase in subacromial bursa and rotator cuff thickness correlated with SPSP. A decrease in subacromial space correlated with change in position and SPSP. An increase of subacromial pressure was judged to be the cause of SPSP, and subacromial decompression by coraco-acromial ligament release was effective for relieving SPSP. When massive synovial proliferation or invasion of granulation tissues was observed in the glenohumeral joint, arthroscopic debridement was necessary.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  SPSP is a sensitive indicator of a distinct subacromial lesion frequently found in LTHD patients. These lesions can be treated by minimally invasive endoscopic coraco-acromial ligament release, resulting in marked pain relief.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Okayama University Medical School, Japan.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nagoshi
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hashizume
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Konishiike
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kawai
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Inoue
mesh_terms: D001182:Arthroscopy; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003952:Diagnostic Imaging; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D006435:Renal Dialysis / Q000009:adverse effects*; D019534:Shoulder Impingement Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000601:surgery; D020069:Shoulder Pain / Q000209:etiology*