title: Cost-benefit analysis of a clinical pharmacist-managed medication assistance program in a renal transplant clinic.
abstract: Medicare pays for 80% of the cost of immunosuppressant agents needed within the first 3 years of solid organ transplantation; however, many patients cannot afford the remaining 20%. Furthermore, many patients who are beyond 3 years post-transplantation and have prescription coverage cannot afford the co-payment for these medications. Other patients may not be able to afford their medications due to limited or no insurance coverage. The Medical College of Georgia (MCG) has been giving immunosuppressant medications to renal transplant patients if they cannot afford to pay for them. To assist MCG with drug cost for medications and maintain quality care for renal transplant patients, a clinical pharmacist-managed medication assistance program was implemented to procure immunosuppressants from pharmaceutical manufacturers.
  
  
  METHODS
  All patients enrolled in medication assistance programs from 1 January 1998 through 31 December 1998 were included in this analysis. Medication acquisition costs with and without Medicare reimbursement and the cost of implementing the clinical pharmacist-managed medication assistance program were used to determine the value of implementing this service.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sixty-one patients were enrolled in manufacturers' assistance programs and a net cost avoidance of $124,793 was realized for the year of the program (benefit-to-cost ratio of 7.5:1). Assuming that the hospital collected the maximum amount allowed for patients receiving Medicare benefits, a cost avoidance of $69,233 was calculated (benefit-to-cost ratio of 4.16:1).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A clinical pharmacist-managed medication assistance program in a renal transplant clinic produced substantial cost savings over this 1-year study period. For each dollar spent in pharmacist's time, a minimum of $4 was returned to the institution.
authors.affiliation: University of Georgia College of Pharmacy, Medical College of Georgia School of Medicine, Augusta, USA. mchishol@mail.mcg.edu
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Chisholm
authors.forename: L J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Vollenweider
authors.forename: L L
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Mulloy
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Wynn
authors.forename: W E
authors.initials: WE
authors.lastname: Wade
authors.forename: J T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: DiPiro
mesh_terms: D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D006801:Humans; D016030:Kidney Transplantation; D006278:Medicare; D010593:Pharmaceutical Services / Q000191:economics*; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000517:prevention & control*; D014481:United States