title: Synthesis of single- and double-chain fluorocarbon and hydrocarbon galactosyl amphiphiles and their anti-HIV-1 activity.
abstract: Galactosylceramide (GalCer) is an alternative receptor allowing HIV-1 entry into CD4(-)/GalCer(+) cells. This glycosphingolipid recognizes the V3 loop of HIV gp120, which plays a key role in the fusion of the HIV envelope and cellular membrane. To inhibit HIV uptake and infection, we designed and synthesized analogs of GalCer. These amphiphiles and bolaamphiphiles consist of single and double hydrocarbon and/or fluorocarbon chain beta-linked to galactose and galactosamine. They derive from serine (GalSer), cysteine (GalCys), and ethanolamine (GalAE). The anti-HIV activity and cytotoxicity of these galactolipids were evaluated in vitro on CEM-SS (a CD4(+) cell line), HT-29, a CD4(-) cell line expressing high levels of GalCer receptor, and/or HT29 genetically modified to express CD4. GalSer and GalAE derivatives, tested in aqueous medium or as part of liposome preparation, showed moderate anti-HIV-1 activities (IC50 in the 20-220 microM range), whereas none of the GalCys derivatives was found to be active. Moreover, only some of these anti-HIV active analogs inhibited the binding of [3H]suramin (a polysulfonyl compound which displays a high affinity for the V3 loop) to SPC3, a synthetic peptide which contains the conserved GPGRAF region of the V3 loop. Our results most likely indicate that the neutralization of the virion through masking of this conserved V3 loop region is not the only mechanism involved in the HIV-1 antiviral activity of our GalCer analogs.
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de Chimie Bioorganique, ESA 6001 CNRS, Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, Faculté des Sciences, France.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Faroux-Corlay
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Clary
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gadras
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hammache
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Greiner
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Santaella
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Aubertin
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Vierling
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fantini
mesh_terms: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D015195:Drug Design; D005466:Fluorocarbons; D005697:Galactosides / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D005699:Galactosylceramides / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry*; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008958:Models, Molecular; D008968:Molecular Conformation; D018894:Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D013498:Suramin / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents; D005466:Fluorocarbons; D005697:Galactosides; D005699:Galactosylceramides; D018894:Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors; D013498:Suramin