title: The use of liver transplant techniques to aid in the surgical management of urological tumors.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Inferior vena cava tumor thrombus complicates radical nephrectomy. Various approaches have been used to deal with this problem, including venovenous and cardiopulmonary bypass. Applying organ transplant techniques enhances the exposure of urological tumors and may avoid bypass.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 26 patients underwent surgery by techniques developed to facilitate orthotopic liver transplantation. Of the patients 15 with renal cell carcinoma and an intracaval tumor thrombus underwent piggyback style mobilization of the liver off of the retrohepatic inferior vena cava to allow enhanced access and vascular control, while 11 underwent conventional mobilization of the liver and retrohepatic inferior vena cava en bloc to allow enhanced access to various renal, adrenal and retroperitoneal tumors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the 11 patients surgery was successful with a median blood loss of 200 ml. Postoperative ileus in 1 case was the only complication. We resected 5 infrahepatic thrombi without complications and with a median blood loss of 500 ml. In 7 patients with a retrohepatic inferior vena caval thrombus median blood loss was 1,500 ml., including 1 who died postoperatively, presumably due to a massive pulmonary embolus. Caval atrial tumor thrombus in 3 cases was successfully removed via a completely abdominal approach and sternotomy in 2. Cardiopulmonary bypass with hypothermic circulatory arrest was required in 1 of these cases.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Liver mobilization was helpful for managing difficult urological tumors. Patients with a retrohepatic or even suprahepatic inferior vena caval thrombus may be treated without sternotomy or thoracotomy and cardiopulmonary bypass.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Surgery (Division of Transplantation) and Urology, University of Miami School of Medicine, FL, USA.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ciancio
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hawke
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Soloway
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000310:Adrenal Gland Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016063:Blood Loss, Surgical; D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000601:surgery; D002315:Cardiopulmonary Bypass; D002423:Cause of Death; D005260:Female; D006324:Heart Arrest, Induced; D006801:Humans; D007036:Hypothermia, Induced; D007415:Intestinal Obstruction / Q000209:etiology; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*; D008099:Liver / Q000098:blood supply / Q000601:surgery; D016031:Liver Transplantation / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009360:Neoplastic Cells, Circulating / Q000473:pathology; D009392:Nephrectomy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D011655:Pulmonary Embolism / Q000209:etiology; D012186:Retroperitoneal Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery; D013927:Thrombosis / Q000601:surgery; D014682:Vena Cava, Inferior / Q000473:pathology; D020246:Venous Thrombosis / Q000209:etiology