title: Neurotrophic actions of a novel molluscan epidermal growth factor.
abstract: The mammalian epidermal growth factor (EGF) is expressed in the developing and adult CNS, and it has been implicated in the control of cell proliferation, differentiation, and neurotrophic events. Despite extensive evolutionary conservation of the EGF motif in a range of different types of proteins, secreted EGF homologs with neurotrophic actions have not been reported in invertebrates. In this study, we present a novel member of the family of EGF-like growth factors, an EGF homolog from the mollusc Lymnaea stagnalis (L-EGF), and we demonstrate that this protein has neurotrophic activity. Purified L-EGF is a 43-residue peptide and retains the typical structural characteristics of the EGF motif. The L-EGF cDNA reveals a unique precursor organization. In contrast to the multidomain mammalian EGFs, it consists of only two domains, a signal peptide and a single EGF motif. Conspicuously, the L-EGF precursor lacks a transmembrane domain, setting it apart from all other members of the EGF-family. L-EGF mRNA is expressed throughout embryonic development, in the juvenile CNS, but not in the normal adult CNS. However, expression in the adult CNS is upregulated after injury, suggesting a role of L-EGF in repair functions. This notion is supported by the observation that L-EGF evokes neurite outgrowth in specific adult Lymnaea neurons in vitro, which could be inhibited by an EGF receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor. In conclusion, our findings further substantiate the notion that the EGF family has an early phylogenetic origin, and our data support a neurotrophic role for L-EGF during development and injury repair.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Neuroscience Research Group, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 4N1 Canada.
authors.forename: P M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Hermann
authors.forename: R E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: van Kesteren
authors.forename: W C
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Wildering
authors.forename: S D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Painter
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Reno
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: S B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.forename: W P
authors.initials: WP
authors.lastname: Geraerts
authors.forename: L H
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Ericsson
authors.forename: A B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Smit
authors.forename: A G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Bulloch
authors.forename: G T
authors.initials: GT
authors.lastname: Nagle
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D018076:DNA, Complementary; D004815:Epidermal Growth Factor / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D008195:Lymnaea; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016501:Neurites / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D009474:Neurons / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000737:chemistry; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D014158:Transcription, Genetic
chemical_list: D018076:DNA, Complementary; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D004815:Epidermal Growth Factor