title: Effects of changes in cadence, prosthetic componentry, and time on interface pressures and shear stresses of three trans-tibial amputees.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effects of changes in cadence, prosthetic componentry, and time on interface pressures and resultant shear stresses in trans-tibial amputee case studies.
  
  
  METHODS
  Interface stresses were monitored using custom-designed instrumentation at 13 sites on three subjects with unilateral trans-tibial amputation walking with patellar-tendon-bearing prosthetic limbs.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Previous studies suggested that week-to-week residual limb changes altered interface stresses more than did alterations in prosthetic alignment. No studies investigating effects of changes in cadence or componentry on interface stress distributions nor comparing their influence with week-to-week changes have been conducted previously.
  
  
  METHODS
  Five different prosthetic componentry configurations were tested at each of three cadences in four sessions. Data were analysed for the magnitudes and timings of peak pressures and resultant shear stresses as well as corresponding resultant shear angles.
  
  
  RESULTS
  None of the three cadences or five componentry configurations consistently induced significantly (P<0.05) higher or lower interface stress magnitudes for all subjects. However, an Aluminium Pylon/SACH Foot combination compared with an AirStance (pneumatic shank)/Seattle LightFoot unit induced later peak interface stress timings as a percentage of stance phase. Higher and more frequent interface stress changes were seen between the weekly sessions than between different cadences or between different componentry configurations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The amputees' capabilities to compensate for week-to-week residual limb changes were less than those for intra-session cadence or componentry alterations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Results suggest that effective techniques to accommodate week-to-week residual limb fluctuations could have a greater impact on maintaining consistent interface stress distributions than do adjustments in cadence or componentry.
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Box 357962, Harris 309, Seattle, WA 98195, USA. jsanders@u.washington.edu
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Sanders
authors.forename: S G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Zachariah
authors.forename: A B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Baker
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Greve
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Clinton
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000674:Amputees / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D001186:Artificial Limbs; D005684:Gait; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011312:Pressure; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D014160:Transducers, Pressure; D016138:Walking / Q000502:physiology