title: Meibomian gland status comparison between active duty personnel and U.S. veterans.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the lid and meibomian gland status of active duty forces (ADF) and U.S. veterans (USV) to compare the prevalence of lid dysfunction and disease in each population.
  
  
  METHODS
  One examiner observed 113 consecutive patients in both groups during a 2-week period at two federal service optometry clinics. All eyes were graded with regard to negative findings (or normal), meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD), and/or meibomitis from an established criterion.
  
  
  RESULTS
  90.3% of ADF had normal lid findings, 5.3% of ADF had MGD (all contact lens patients), and 4.4% of ADF had meibomitis; 28.9% of USV had normal findings, and 71.1% of USV had MGD or meibomitis (no patients wore contact lenses).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings reveal that a definite difference exists between ADF personnel and USV in eyelid physiology and pathophysiology. This difference should be noted by the clinician who evaluates such patients. This will affect the differential diagnosis of ocular symptomatology in the contact lens and non-contact lens patient.
authors.affiliation: 96 AMDS/SGPFE, Optometry Services, Eglin Hospital, Eglin Air Force Base, FL 32542, USA.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Stanek
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D003261:Contact Lenses / Q000009:adverse effects; D005141:Eyelid Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D005431:Florida / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation; D008297:Male; D008537:Meibomian Glands; D008889:Military Personnel / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D015995:Prevalence; D012306:Risk; D012307:Risk Factors; D014728:Veterans / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*