title: Critical incident stress debriefing (CISD) in a shipping company.
abstract: Critical incident stress debriefing (CISD) is a method used successfully to reduce suffering from stress-related ailments such as insomnia, depression, anger, headaches etc. The resources of the shipping company are very limited and, thus, networking with existing organizations and specialists is necessary to carry out CISD effectively. The present company model has been adopted to take into account various situations and levels of disaster. The model has been adopted at three levels of events:Level 1. Serious accidents on shore, sudden deaths, severe events and threats. Events involving one or only few persons. Level 2. Life-threatening occupational accidents on board ship, suicide of a workmate, sudden death and fire on board ship. Events involving one person or limited group of persons. Level 3. Disasters at sea. Severe events involving all or nearly all persons on board ship. Actions at different levels: Level 1: A leaflet describing CISD, situations where it would be appropriate and where it is available, is given to each sailor. The victim is encouraged to seek CISD from public health care centres, most of which have their own services in Finland. Level 2. Training of about 8 hours is carried out by an experienced crisis psychologist for supervisors and officers on board ship. After the training they are able to identify stressful situations. At each harbour, the shipping company has made agreements with experienced crisis psychologists to act as specialists and contact persons on shore. These nominated psychologists will initiate CISD actions when necessary. If they need extra manpower they will turn to other psychologists. Level 3. In such serious accidents, the company's own resources alone are insufficient to provide effective CISD. All available public and private resources will he needed (health care organizations, Red Cross, Church etc.).
authors.affiliation: Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Center of Maritime Medicine, Turku. Heikki.saarni@occuphealth.fi
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Saarni
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Saari
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Häkkinen
mesh_terms: D003419:Crisis Intervention; D004190:Disasters; D005387:Finland; D006801:Humans; D009326:Naval Medicine / Q000379:methods / Q000458:organization & administration*; D009784:Occupational Diseases / Q000628:therapy*; D009787:Occupational Medicine / Q000379:methods / Q000458:organization & administration*; D012767:Ships; D013313:Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic / Q000628:therapy*