title: The second naphthol reductase of fungal melanin biosynthesis in Magnaporthe grisea: tetrahydroxynaphthalene reductase.
abstract: Mutants of Magnaporthe grisea harboring a defective gene for 1,3, 8-trihydroxynaphthalene reductase retain the capability to produce scytalone, thus suggesting the existence of a second naphthol reductase that can catalyze the reduction of 1,3,6, 8-tetrahydroxynaphthalene to scytalone within the fungal melanin biosynthetic pathway. The second naphthol reductase gene was cloned from M. grisea by identification of cDNA fragments with weak homology to the cDNA of trihydroxynaphthalene reductase. The amino acid sequence for the second naphthol reductase is 46% identical to that of trihydroxynaphthalene reductase. The second naphthol reductase was produced in Esherichia coli and purified to homogeneity. Substrate competition experiments indicate that the second reductase prefers tetrahydroxynaphthalene over trihydroxynaphthalene by a factor of 310; trihydroxynaphthalene reductase prefers trihydroxynaphthalene over tetrahydroxynaphthalene by a factor of 4.2. On the basis of the 1300-fold difference in substrate specificities between the two reductases, the second reductase is designated tetrahydroxynaphthalene reductase. Tetrahydroxynaphthalene reductase has a 200-fold larger K(i) for the fungicide tricyclazole than that of trihydroxynaphthalene reductase, and this accounts for the latter enzyme being the primary physiological target of the fungicide. M. grisea mutants lacking activities for both trihydroxynaphthalene and tetrahydroxynaphthalene reductases do not produce scytalone, indicating that there are no other metabolic routes to scytalone.
authors.affiliation: DuPont Agricultural Products, Stine-Haskell Research Center, Newark, Delaware 19714, USA.
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Thompson
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fahnestock
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Farrall
authors.forename: D I
authors.initials: DI
authors.lastname: Liao
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Valent
authors.forename: D B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Jordan
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D001483:Base Sequence; D001665:Binding Sites; D018076:DNA, Complementary / Q000378:metabolism; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000201:enzymology; D005656:Fungal Proteins; D005838:Genotype; D007700:Kinetics; D020082:Magnaporthe / Q000201:enzymology*; D008543:Melanins / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D008956:Models, Chemical; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009284:Naphthols / Q000378:metabolism; D010088:Oxidoreductases / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism*; D044925:Oxidoreductases Acting on CH-CH Group Donors; D010957:Plasmids / Q000378:metabolism; D011485:Protein Binding; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D013379:Substrate Specificity; D013816:Thermodynamics; D013844:Thiazoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D014170:Transformation, Genetic
chemical_list: C121288:1,3,6,8-tetrahydroxynaphthalene; D000935:Antifungal Agents; D018076:DNA, Complementary; D005656:Fungal Proteins; D008543:Melanins; D009284:Naphthols; D013844:Thiazoles; C012547:scytolone; D010088:Oxidoreductases; C086024:tetrahydroxynaphthalene reductase; D044925:Oxidoreductases Acting on CH-CH Group Donors; C041191:tricyclazole