title: Single unit responses of human cutaneous mechanoreceptors to air-puff stimulation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate responsiveness of human cutaneous mechanoreceptor to selective tactile stimuli produced by brief air-puff stimulation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using percutaneous microneurography, activities of single sensory units innervating glabrous skin of the hand were recorded, and air-puff stimuli with a short rise time (0.5 ms), generated by a high-speed air control system, were applied to the receptive field. Receptor activation time was estimated as the latency difference between electrically and air-puff evoked responses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirty units were analyzed: all 4 kinds of mechanoreceptors of human glabrous skin (fast adapting type 1 [FA I, n=7], fast adapting type 2 [FA II, n=4], slowly adapting 1 [SA I, n=5] and slowly adapting 2 [SA II, n=14]) were activated by air-puff stimulation. Estimated receptor activation times were 0.6-6.2 ms (mean 2.2 ms). FA II units occasionally responded twice or more to a single air-puff stimulus.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Brief air-puffs can activate all 4 human cutaneous mechanoreceptors, and the receptor transduction time is estimated as approximately 2.0 ms. Properties of human mechanoreceptors can be studied using air-puff stimulation and microneurography.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan. mizobuchik@tim.hi-ho.ne.jp
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mizobuchi
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kuwabara
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Toma
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nakajima
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ogawara
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hattori
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D004576:Electromyography; D005071:Evoked Potentials / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008465:Mechanoreceptors / Q000502:physiology*; D010812:Physical Stimulation; D011930:Reaction Time / Q000502:physiology; D012879:Skin Physiological Phenomena