title: Feasibility of telementoring between Baltimore (USA) and Rome (Italy): the first five cases.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Telemedicine is the use of telecommunication technology to deliver healthcare. Telementoring has been developed to allow a surgeon at a remote site to offer guidance and assistance to a less-experienced surgeon. We report on our experience during laparoscopic urologic procedures with mentoring between Rome, Italy, and Baltimore, USA.
  
  
  METHODS
  Over a period of 3 months, two laparoscopic left spermatic vein ligations, one retroperitoneal renal biopsy, one laparoscopic nephrectomy, and one percutaneous access to the kidney were telementored. Transperitoneal laparoscopic cases were performed with the use of AESOP, a robotic for remote manipulation of the endoscopic camera. A second robot, PAKY, was used to perform radiologically guided needle orientation and insertion for percutaneous renal access. In addition to controlling the robotic devices, the system provided real-time video display for either the laparoscope or an externally mounted camera located in the operating room, full duplex audio, telestration over live video, and access to electrocautery for tissue cutting or hemostasis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All procedures were accomplished with an uneventful postoperative course. One technical failure occurred because the robotic device was not properly positioned on the operating table. The round-trip delay of image transmission was less than 1 second.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  International telementoring is a feasible technique that can enhance surgeon education and decrease the likelihood of complications attributable to inexperience with new operative techniques.
authors.affiliation: Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy. ivlas@tiscalinet.it
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Micali
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Virgili
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Vannozzi
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Grassi
authors.forename: T W
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Jarrett
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Bauer
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Vespasiani
authors.forename: L R
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Kavoussi
mesh_terms: D015142:Baltimore; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D006801:Humans; D007391:International Cooperation; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D008611:Mentors; D012371:Robotics; D012384:Rome; D017216:Telemedicine; D013520:Urologic Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods*