title: Quality of life and hormone therapy in women before and after menopause.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study how women evaluate their quality of life (QoL) in relation to age, menopause and hormone therapy (HT).
  
  
  METHODS
  An anonymous postal questionnaire comprising the Gothenburg QoL Instrument and items concerning menopause, symptoms, diseases, drugs and smoking.
  
  
  METHODS
  A primary care district in southern Sweden.
  
  
  METHODS
  All women aged 45, 50, 55 and 60 in 1995 (n = 126), 1996 (n = 130), 1997 (n = 134) and 1998 (n = 145).
  
  
  METHODS
  QoL (global, social, physical/mental well-being) and number of symptoms (psychological, physical) reported during the past 3 months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The older women rated their QoL, especially social well-being (p < 0.001), higher and reported a lower number of symptoms, particularly psychological symptoms (p = 0.02), than the younger women did. Pre- and post-menopausal women in the various age groups did not differ on the main outcome measures. A history of HT and use of hormonal contraceptives tended to be associated with lower well-being and a greater number of symptoms, an association found in women 55 years of age to be highly significant (p < 0.01-0.001) for all the main outcome measures.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The effects of menopause on QoL seemed generally to be of minor importance. QoL in women was lower in those with a history of HT than in those with no such experience.
authors.affiliation: Alvesta Community Health Centre, Lund University, Sweden.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ekström
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hovelius
mesh_terms: D001294:Attitude to Health; D015914:Estrogen Replacement Therapy / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009017:Morbidity; D017698:Postmenopause / Q000187:drug effects / Q000523:psychology*; D017697:Premenopause / Q000523:psychology*; D011788:Quality of Life; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000523:psychology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013548:Sweden / Q000453:epidemiology; D014930:Women / Q000523:psychology*