title: Eosinophil-derived proteins in nasal lavage fluid of neonates of allergic parents and the development of respiratory symptoms during the first 6 months of life. Collaborative SPACE team. Study on the Prevention of Allergy in Children in Europe.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Eosinophilic airways inflammation forms the pathophysiologic basis for a proportion of children at risk of developing recurrent wheezing. Early preventive measures and/or anti-inflammatory treatment may be guided by the identification of such children.
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied upper-airways inflammation by nasal lavage in a cohort of 397 infants within the first 4 weeks of life. They participated in an international multicenter study on the prevention of allergy in Europe (SPACE-Biomed II Program). A volume of 2 ml of prewarmed 0.9% saline was instilled into each nasal cavity and immediately re-collected by a suction device. The average recovery was 502 microl (SD: 311 microl). The concentrations of eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) and eosinophil protein X (EPX) were determined by RIA analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  ECP was detectable (>2 microg/l) in 47% of samples (173/365) and EPX (>3 microg/l) in 54.7% (197/360). Children with a doctor's diagnosis of a wheezy bronchitis within the first 6 months of life (n = 40) had significantly higher ECP and EPX concentrations in the nasal lavage at 4 weeks of age (median ECP: 14 microg/l; 5-95th percentile: 0-122.4 microg/l) than children without such diagnosis (median ECP: 0 microg/l; 5-95th percentile: 0-86.6 microg/l; P<0.05). Corresponding figures for EPX were 12.14 microg/l (0-148.98 microg/l) vs 7.5 microg/l (0-81.46 microg/l; P<0.05). No associations between nasal ECP/EPX and the development of food allergy or eczema were observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Increased nasal ECP and EPX in the first 4 weeks of life are associated with wheezing in 6-month-old infants at increased risk of atopic disease. We suggest that this might be related to a general tendency for a Th2 cytokine pattern in these young infants and subsequent trafficking of eosinophils into the nasal mucosa, or it might be a consequence of intrauterine allergen exposure.
authors.affiliation: University Children's Hospital, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Frischer
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Halmerbauer
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gartner
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rath
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Tauber
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schierl
authors.forename: D Y
authors.initials: DY
authors.lastname: Koller
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Urbanek
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Förster
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kühr
mesh_terms: D001798:Blood Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D001991:Bronchitis / Q000378:metabolism*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D047091:Eosinophil Granule Proteins; D047208:Eosinophil-Derived Neurotoxin; D004804:Eosinophils / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn / Q000276:immunology*; D017817:Nasal Lavage Fluid / Q000737:chemistry*; D012260:Ribonucleases / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D001798:Blood Proteins; D047091:Eosinophil Granule Proteins; D047208:Eosinophil-Derived Neurotoxin; D012260:Ribonucleases