title: Report of sexually transmitted diseases by HIV infected men during follow up: time to target the HIV infected?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the rate of self reported sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) among HIV infected men with men who remained HIV negative during follow up of a Harare male factory cohort.
  
  
  METHODS
  Male factory workers were offered enrolment and behavioural data were collected at entry then every 6 months, along with HIV testing. Self report of STDs was used to calculate incidence per 100 person years. Cox proportional hazards models examined independent risk factors for STDs, with hazard ratios (HRs).
  
  
  RESULTS
  At entry 20% of men were HIV infected and 11% reported STDs in the previous year. A total of 2777 (82%) of 3383 men enrolled were followed at least once. Compared with men who remained HIV negative, seroconverters had the highest incidence of STDs (16.8 per 100 person years; IRR = 3.3, 95% CI = 2.5-4.3); men enrolled HIV positive also reported higher STD incidence (14.5 per 100 person years, IRR = 2.8; 95% CI 2.3-5.5). Among HIV positive men, the only independent risk factor for report of urethral discharge was history of multiple partners (HR = 10, 95% CI 1.4-73.2).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  HIV positive men reported threefold higher incidence of STDs than HIV negative men, many related to high risk sexual behaviour.
authors.affiliation: Zimbabwe AIDS Prevention Project, University of Zimbabwe Medical School.
authors.forename: R N
authors.initials: RN
authors.lastname: Machekano
authors.forename: M T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Bassett
authors.forename: P S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: M T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Mbizvo
authors.forename: A S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Latif
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Katzenstein
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001294:Attitude to Health; D015331:Cohort Studies; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012725:Sexual Behavior; D012749:Sexually Transmitted Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015030:Zimbabwe / Q000453:epidemiology