title: A combined PET/CT scanner for clinical oncology.
abstract: The availability of accurately aligned, whole-body anatomical (CT) and functional (PET) images could have a significant impact on diagnosing and staging malignant disease and on identifying and localizing metastases. Computer algorithms to align CT and PET images acquired on different scanners are generally successful for the brain, whereas image alignment in other regions of the body is more problematic.
  
  
  METHODS
  A combined PET/CT tomograph with the unique capability of acquiring accurately aligned functional and anatomical images for any part of the human body has been designed and built. The PET/CT scanner was developed as a combination of a Siemens Somatom AR.SP spiral CT and a partial-ring, rotating ECAT ART PET scanner. All components are mounted on a common rotational support within a single gantry. The PET and CT components can be operated either separately, or in combined mode. In combined mode, the CT images are used to correct the PET data for scatter and attenuation. Fully quantitative whole-body images are obtained for an axial extent of 100 cm in an imaging time of less than 1 h. When operated in PET mode alone, transmission scans are acquired with dual 137Cs sources.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The scanner is fully operational and the combined device has been operated successfully in a clinical environment. Over 110 patients have been imaged, covering a range of different cancers, including lung, esophageal, head and neck, melanoma, lymphoma, pancreas, and renal cell. The aligned PET and CT images are used both for diagnosing and staging disease and for evaluating response to therapy. We report the first performance measurements from the scanner and present some illustrative clinical studies acquired in cancer patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A combined PET and CT scanner is a practical and effective approach to acquiring co-registered anatomical and functional images in a single scanning session.
authors.affiliation: PET Facility and Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Beyer
authors.forename: D W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Townsend
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Brun
authors.forename: P E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Kinahan
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Charron
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Roddy
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jerin
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Young
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Byars
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Nutt
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D003627:Data Interpretation, Statistical; D004379:Duodenal Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D004867:Equipment Design; D005260:Female; D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D011127:Polyps / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D014055:Tomography, Emission-Computed / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18