title: Ribonuclease H attack of leukaemic fused transcripts AML1-MTG8 (ETO) by DNA/RNA chimeric hammerhead ribozymes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Catalytic anti-sense oligonucleotides might be useful tools for controlling specific gene expression. However, to obtain effective oligonucleotides of the desired function in vivo is still a difficult task.
  
  
  RESULTS
  To evaluate the usefulness of synthesized DNA/RNA hammerhead ribozymes targeting AML1-MTG8 (ETO) leukaemic fusion transcripts in vivo, we analysed their effects on cell growth and the mechanism of action using isolated cell nuclei. These ribozymes inhibited the growth of leukaemic cell lines expressing the AML1 -MTG8 and degraded AML1-MTG8 mRNA in isolated nuclei of these cells. However, the reactions gave rise to additional cleavage products. Systematic cleavage analyses using an anti-sense oligonucleotide array revealed that the cleavage was induced by endogenous RNase H at specific sites, in accordance with their calculated melting temperature (Tm) values. With suppression of RNase H by sulfhydryl agents, the DNA/RNA ribozyme had a ribozyme catalytic activity. In addition, the ribozymes and anti-sense oligonucleotides suppressed the AML1-MTG8 protein in the leukaemic cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The DNA/RNA ribozymes inhibited cell growth primarily via anti-sense effects, the main role of which was the activation of RNase H-digestion by their DNA arms. In addition, the isolated nuclei provided a useful assay system for modelling in vivo conditions for the quantitative evaluation of anti-sense/ribozyme activity.
authors.affiliation: Saitama Cancer Center Research Institute, Ina, Saitama 362-0806, Japan. kozu@cancer-c.pref.saitama.jp
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kozu
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sugio
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fukuyama
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sueoka
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Otsuka
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Akagi
mesh_terms: D016375:Antisense Elements (Genetics); D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D050676:Core Binding Factor Alpha 2 Subunit; D004247:DNA; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D006131:Growth Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D007951:Leukemia, Myeloid / Q000188:drug therapy*; D009692:Nucleic Acid Heteroduplexes / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015514:Oncogene Proteins, Fusion / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics*; D016337:RNA, Catalytic / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism*; D000075142:RUNX1 Translocation Partner 1 Protein; D016914:Ribonuclease H / Q000378:metabolism*; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: C107844:AML1-ETO fusion protein, human; D016375:Antisense Elements (Genetics); D050676:Core Binding Factor Alpha 2 Subunit; D006131:Growth Inhibitors; D009692:Nucleic Acid Heteroduplexes; D015514:Oncogene Proteins, Fusion; D016337:RNA, Catalytic; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D000075142:RUNX1 Translocation Partner 1 Protein; D014157:Transcription Factors; D004247:DNA; D016914:Ribonuclease H