title: Anti-proliferative effect of ginseng saponins on human prostate cancer cell line.
abstract: Ginseng is a medicinal herb widely used in Asian countries, and many of its pharmacological actions are attributed to the ginsenosides. In a study of the anti-proliferative activity of ginsenosides using human prostate carcinoma LNCaP cell line, ginsenoside Rg3 displayed growth inhibitory activity. The cells lost its adherent property after incubation in the presence of 250 microM of ginsenoside for 48h. The expression of biomarker genes, including prostate specific antigen (PSA), androgen receptor (AR) and 5alpha-reductase (5alphaR), and that of the proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), were suppressed. Ginsenoside Rg3 induced classic apoptotic morphology and interfered with the expression of apoptosis-related genes, bcl-2 and caspase-3, in LNCaP cells, as demonstrated by fluorescence microscopy, flow cytometry and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. Taken our results together, we suggested that ginsenoside Rg3 activated the expression of cyclin-kinase inhibitors, p21 and p27, arrested LNCaP cells at G1 phase, and subsequently inhibited cell growth through a caspase3-mediated apoptosis mechanism.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories. ken-liu@cuhk.edu.hk
authors.forename: W K
authors.initials: WK
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: S X
authors.initials: SX
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: C T
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Che
mesh_terms: D058891:5-alpha Reductase Inhibitors; D000818:Animals; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001483:Base Sequence; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000187:drug effects; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects*; D002460:Cell Line; D017931:DNA Primers; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D036145:Ginsenosides; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D005894:Panax / Q000737:chemistry*; D010946:Plants, Medicinal; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012503:Saponins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D058891:5-alpha Reductase Inhibitors; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; D017931:DNA Primers; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D036145:Ginsenosides; D012503:Saponins