title: Immunization entry at the point of service improves quality, saves time, and is well-accepted.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Computer-based immunization tracking is a routine part of many pediatric practices; however, data quality is inconsistent and entry often relies on dedicated data entry personnel and is time-consuming, expensive, or difficult. The purpose of this study was to evaluate data quality, nursing satisfaction, and reduction in documentation burden after the introduction of a point-of-service immunization entry system in an inner-city pediatric primary care center.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective preintervention and postintervention study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Visit records from all pediatric nonurgent care visits for patients <5 years old were collected during a 2-week period before (preintervention) and after (postintervention) the introduction of a computer-based immunization entry system. Nurses used software designed to allow rapid entry during immunization preparation followed by printing 2 adhesive labels for documentation. Satisfaction was evaluated using an 8-question survey administered 3 months after the intervention.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One hundred forty-seven (63.6%) of 231 preintervention and 132 (51.4%) of 257 postintervention children received at least 1 immunization (immunized) during the study visit. Gender and mean age were similar for immunized children in the 2 groups. In the preintervention group, 56 (37.9%) of 147 immunized children had at least 1 dose missing (a total of 128 of 343 doses administered) from the immunization tracking database compared with none in the postintervention group. Medical record review showed that 92.6% of preintervention and 91.4% of postintervention children were on-schedule after the study visit. However, missing data lead to the misclassification of preintervention children-only 68.4% were reported by the database to be on-schedule. All 9 nurses reported using the program all the time to enter immunizations, 89% said that the program required somewhat or a lot less time, and 100% strongly recommended continued use of the program. All 9 nurses also reported that they would be somewhat or very unenthusiastic about the system if labels were not available. During the 12 months after introduction of the system, 8273 forms containing immunization information were printed, preventing nurses from having to write >101,000 dates.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Immunization entry by nurses at the time of immunization preparation improves the quality of tracking data, reduces misclassification of immunization needs, saves time, and can be well-accepted. It is likely that poor data quality in some tracking systems has led to falsely low immunization coverage estimates. Systems such as the one in this study can improve quality and should be integrated into routine clinical practice.
authors.affiliation: Division of General Pediatrics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, USA. badams@bu.edu
authors.forename: W G
authors.initials: WG
authors.lastname: Adams
authors.forename: W P
authors.initials: WP
authors.lastname: Conners
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Mann
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Palfrey
mesh_terms: D001900:Boston; D006801:Humans; D017589:Immunization Programs / Q000458:organization & administration*; D007223:Infant; D007256:Information Systems; D011320:Primary Health Care; D011787:Quality of Health Care; D012984:Software; D014611:Vaccination