title: Effects of acute hyperglycaemia on cardiac function: an echocardiographic study of monozygotic twins.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A major cause of morbidity in type I diabetes is congestive heart failure due predominantly to left ventricular diastolic dysfunction. The mechanism of diastolic dysfunction remains unknown and does not relate to blood pressure, microvascular complications and glycated haemoglobin. Hyperglycaemia is the hallmark of diabetes and is a potential determinant of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether acute hyperglycaemia can induce changes in left ventricular diastolic function in normal subjects similar to those observed in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM).
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional study.
  
  
  METHODS
  London teaching hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixteen twins from eight identical twin pairs discordant for IDDM (age 18-38 years, five male) were studied; none had a history or evidence of myocardial ischaemia, valvular or primary heart muscle disease, systemic hypertension or nephropathy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Non-diabetic twins underwent a hyperglycaemic clamp at 10 mmol/l.
  
  
  METHODS
  Doppler echocardiography was performed in basal condition in identical twin pairs discordant for IDDM and repeated in the non-diabetic twins during hyperglycaemia. Blood glucose, insulin and catecholamines were measured at baseline and during hyperglycaemia.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Transmitral Doppler E/A velocity ratio was significantly lower in diabetic than non-diabetic twins at baseline (1.44 (0.38) vs. 1.51 (0.19), P<0.05). Glucose infusion in the non-diabetic twins resulted in an increase in their E/A ratio (1.51 (0.19) vs. 1.82 (0. 47), P<0.05) due to an increase in E velocity (68 (12) to 64.7 (10. 7), P<0.05) and a decrease in the peak A velocity (42.7 (3.85) to 38. 0 (4.1), P<0.05). No significant changes were observed in peak E velocity or isovolumic relaxation time in the non-diabetic twins between baseline and hyperglycaemia.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The alterations in left ventricular diastolic function induced by acute hyperglycaemia and consequent increase in plasma catecholamines do not mimic those demonstrated in IDDM patients.
authors.affiliation: Royal Brompton National Heart Hospital, London, UK.
authors.forename: S S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Lo
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Medici
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rowe
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hawa
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: St John Sutton
authors.forename: R D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Leslie
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000150:complications; D004200:Diseases in Twins; D015150:Echocardiography, Doppler; D015309:Glucose Clamp Technique; D006801:Humans; D006943:Hyperglycemia / Q000150:complications*; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D011336:Probability; D012016:Reference Values; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014430:Twins, Monozygotic; D018487:Ventricular Dysfunction, Left / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000209:etiology*; D016277:Ventricular Function, Left