title: Modulation of rat pancreatic acinoductal transdifferentiation and expression of PDX-1 in vitro.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In adult pancreatic regeneration models exocrine acini are found to transdifferentiate to duct-like complexes. This has also been associated with the formation of new endocrine islet cells. We aimed to establish an in vitro model in which this transdifferentiation process is characterised and can be modulated.
  
  
  METHODS
  Purified rat pancreatic acini were cultured in suspension. Differentiation was analysed by immunocytochemistry, electron microscopy, western blotting and RT-PCR.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During culture acinar cells directly transdifferentiated without dividing, the cells lost their acinar phenotype and started to express cytokeratins 20 and 7 and fetal liver kinase-1 (Flk-1) receptors for vascular endothelial growth factor. Expression of the acinar pancreatic exocrine transcription factor (PTF-1) remained and the pancreatic duodenal homeobox-containing transcription factor (PDX-1) was induced. When transdifferentiation was completed, the cells started to express protein gene product 9.5, a panneuroendocrine marker. By combining these features, the transdifferentiated cells show similar characteristics to precursor cells during active beta-cell neogenesis. We were able to modulate the differentiation state by addition of nicotinamide or sodium butyrate, agents which are known to stimulate endocrine differentiation in other models.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Here, we present an in vitro system in which the cellular differentiation of putative pancreatic endocrine precursor cells and their PDX-1 expression can be modulated, thereby providing a possible model for the study of beta-cell transdifferentiation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Pathology, Free University of Brussels (VUB), Belgium.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Rooman
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Heremans
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Heimberg
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bouwens
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D007381:Intermediate Filament Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D053554:Keratin-20; D053552:Keratin-7; D007633:Keratins / Q000235:genetics; D008297:Male; D010183:Pancreatic Ducts / Q000166:cytology* / Q000502:physiology*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D020794:Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000235:genetics; D017978:Receptors, Growth Factor / Q000235:genetics; D040262:Receptors, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D015534:Trans-Activators / Q000235:genetics*; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D018398:Homeodomain Proteins; D007381:Intermediate Filament Proteins; D053554:Keratin-20; D053552:Keratin-7; C489973:Krt20 protein, rat; C491414:PTF-1 protein, rat; D017978:Receptors, Growth Factor; D015534:Trans-Activators; D014157:Transcription Factors; C084010:pancreatic and duodenal homeobox 1 protein; D007633:Keratins; D020794:Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; D040262:Receptors, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor