title: Epstein-Barr virus antibodies in whole blood spots: a minimally invasive method for assessing an aspect of cell-mediated immunity.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Study 1: Introduce and validate a method for measuring EBV p18-VCA antibodies in whole blood spots to provide a minimally invasive marker of cell-mediated immune function. Study 2: Apply this method to a large community-based study of psychopathology in children and adolescents.
  
  
  METHODS
  The EBV antibody method was evaluated through analysis of precision, reliability, stability, and comparisons with plasma and indirect immunofluorescence methods. The effects of life events on p18-VCA antibody level were considered in a subsample of 9, 11, and 13 year-old children participating in the Great Smoky Mountains Study in North Carolina. The subsample was stratified by age, sex, and degree of overall life strain.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Dried blood spots provided a convenient, sensitive, precise, and reliable method for measuring EBV p18-VCA antibody titer. Life events were positively associated with p18-VCA antibodies in girls but not in boys.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The validity of the blood spot EBV p18-VCA antibody assay, as well as the ease of sample collection, storage, and transportation, may provide an opportunity for psychoneuroimmunology to explore a wider range of stress models in larger, community-based studies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anthropology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA. tmcdade@nwu.edu
authors.forename: T W
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: McDade
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Stallings
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Angold
authors.forename: E J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Costello
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Burleson
authors.forename: J T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Cacioppo
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Glaser
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Worthman
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood*; D000956:Antigens, Viral / Q000276:immunology; D001800:Blood Specimen Collection; D036022:Capsid Proteins; D002648:Child; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D004854:Herpesvirus 4, Human / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D007111:Immunity, Cellular / Q000276:immunology*; D008016:Life Change Events; D008297:Male; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011598:Psychoneuroimmunology; D011602:Psychophysiologic Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000276:immunology* / Q000523:psychology; D012737:Sex Factors
chemical_list: D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D000956:Antigens, Viral; D036022:Capsid Proteins; C041788:Epstein-Barr viral capsid antigen