title: Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection modulates the interleukin (IL)-1beta and IL-6 responses of human macrophages to CD40 ligand stimulation.
abstract: Better understanding of the mechanisms of proinflammatory cytokine production during human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 infection is of pivotal importance. The effect of HIV-1 infection on recombinant CD40 ligand (CD40L)-induced interleukin (IL)-1beta and IL-6 production by human macrophages was analyzed. ELISA and cytofluorometric analysis demonstrated that CD40L stimulation of HIV-1-infected macrophages resulted in substantial production of IL-1beta and IL-6. In contrast, no cytokine response was observed in uninfected cells. No modulation of the receptor for CD40 was found to account for the enhanced response to CD40L. The CD40L effect was not due to lipopolysaccharide contamination and was completely abrogated by preincubation with a monoclonal anti-CD40L antibody. mRNA studies indicated that the priming effect of HIV-1 on the macrophage response to CD40L was regulated at the transcriptional level. Finally, the effect of HIV-1 on the cytokine response could not be abolished by the HIV-1 protease inhibitor U75875 at concentrations that completely suppressed HIV-1 replication.
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Sanità Pubblica e Biologia Cellulare, Cattedra di Malattie Infettive, Università di Roma "Tor Vergata,", 00133 Rome, Italy. bergamini@med.uniroma2.it
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bergamini
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bolacchi
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bongiovanni
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Colizzi
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cappelli
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Uccella
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cepparulo
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Capozzi
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Mancino
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Rocchi
mesh_terms: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000494:pharmacology; D023201:CD40 Ligand / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000378:metabolism*; D017320:HIV Protease Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D015497:HIV-1; D006801:Humans; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000378:metabolism*; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000378:metabolism*; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects*; D009842:Oligopeptides / Q000494:pharmacology; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D014779:Virus Replication / Q000187:drug effects; D015215:Zidovudine / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D017320:HIV Protease Inhibitors; D007375:Interleukin-1; D015850:Interleukin-6; C079851:OKT4A monoclonal antibody; D009842:Oligopeptides; D012333:RNA, Messenger; C065978:U 75875; D023201:CD40 Ligand; D015215:Zidovudine