title: Amrinone preconditioning in the isolated perfused rabbit heart.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Ischemic preconditioning (IPC) reduces infarct size in experimental preparations. IPC, however, is not without detrimental effects. We studied amrinone as a possible alternative to IPC.
  
  
  METHODS
  Isolated perfused rabbit hearts were given a 5-minute infusion of 10 micromol/L amrinone followed by a 5-minute washout (n = 6). The anterior descending artery was then occluded for 1 hour and reperfused for 1 hour. Six hearts underwent IPC, with two episodes of 5-minute global ischemia followed by 5-minute reperfusion before LAD occlusion; eight control hearts received no preconditioning. Left ventricular pressure and ischemic zone epicardial monophasic action potentials were continuously monitored.
  
  
  RESULTS
  IPC but not amrinone reduced peak pressure before anterior descending artery occlusion. Peak pressure fell significantly during ischemia and reperfusion in all hearts. End diastolic pressure rose significantly during reperfusion in control and IPC hearts but not in amrinone hearts. Action potentials shortened during ischemia in all hearts. They returned to preocclusion values in control hearts but lasted beyond preocclusion values in IPC and amrinone hearts. Both the incidences of ventricular fibrillation and infarct size were significantly reduced in amrinone hearts but not in IPC hearts.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Amrinone is not only a useful inotropic agent but is also a superior preconditioning agent when compared to IPC.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. saltman@surg.som.sunysb.edu
authors.forename: A E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Saltman
authors.forename: G R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Gaudette
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Levitsky
authors.forename: I B
authors.initials: IB
authors.lastname: Krukenkamp
mesh_terms: D000200:Action Potentials / Q000187:drug effects; D000676:Amrinone / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D003971:Diastole; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D019157:Ischemic Preconditioning, Myocardial / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D010726:Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011817:Rabbits; D013599:Systole
chemical_list: D010726:Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors; D000676:Amrinone