title: Trinucleotide repeat expansion in the beta1 subunit of the sodium pump in manic-depression illness: a negative study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Trinucleotide repeats have become a recognized molecular abnormality in a variety of neuropsychiatric conditions. Bipolar illness has been purported to be a possible trinucleotide repeat-associated disease. Since abnormalities in the expression and regulation of the sodium- and potassium-activated adenosine triphosphatase (Na,K-ATPase) have been documented in bipolar patients and since the beta1 subunit of this pump contains a heterogenous GCC repeat, we decided to investigate the possibility of a repeat expansion in beta1 subunit of Na,K-ATPase in bipolar patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  DNA from postmortem temporal cerebral cortex tissue of five bipolar subjects and five matched normal controls and five lyumphoblastoid cells lines from the Old Order Amish bipolar pedigrees and match normal controls were used for this study. The GCC rich region of beta1 DNA was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequenced.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The range of GCC repeat in the beta1 gene is between 7 and 9 in our population. This is not different in bipolar patients from normal controls.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study examined a small number of patients and examined a very limited portion of the locus.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It appears that there is not an expansion of the GCC repeat in the beta1 gene in bipolar patients.
authors.affiliation: Mood Disorders Research Program, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40292, USA.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: R S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: El-Mallakh
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Herman
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Kleinman
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001483:Base Sequence; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000235:genetics*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D020033:Protein Isoforms; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D000254:Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase / Q000235:genetics*; D013702:Temporal Lobe / Q000473:pathology; D019680:Trinucleotide Repeat Expansion / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D020033:Protein Isoforms; D000254:Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase