title: Cryosalts: suppression of ice formation in macromolecular crystallography.
abstract: Quality data collection for macromolecular cryocrystallography requires suppressing the formation of crystalline or microcrystalline ice that may result from flash-freezing crystals. Described here is the use of lithium formate, lithium chloride and other highly soluble salts for forming ice-ring-free aqueous glasses upon cooling from ambient temperature to 100 K. These cryosalts are a new class of cryoprotectants that are shown to be effective with a variety of commonly used crystallization solutions and with proteins crystallized under different conditions. The influence of cryosalts on crystal mosaicity and diffraction resolution is comparable with or superior to traditional organic cryoprotectants.
authors.affiliation: The Five Oaks Research Institute, 354 Oakwood Park Drive, Cincinnati, OH 45238-5157, USA.
authors.forename: K A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Rubinson
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Ladner
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tordova
authors.forename: G L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Gilliland
mesh_terms: D003451:Cryoprotective Agents; D018360:Crystallography, X-Ray / Q000379:methods*; D005561:Formates; D005615:Freezing; D007053:Ice; D018021:Lithium Chloride; D046911:Macromolecular Substances; D009113:Muramidase / Q000737:chemistry; D012260:Ribonucleases / Q000737:chemistry; D012492:Salts
chemical_list: D003451:Cryoprotective Agents; D005561:Formates; D007053:Ice; D046911:Macromolecular Substances; D012492:Salts; C030544:formic acid; D012260:Ribonucleases; C022542:ribonuclease S; D009113:Muramidase; D018021:Lithium Chloride