title: A new technique for the selective recording of extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis EMG.
abstract: Tennis Elbow or Lateral Epicondylalgia is manifested by pain over the region of the lateral epicondyle of the humerus, related to use of the wrist extensor muscles. Extensor carpi radialis longus (ECRL) and brevis (ECRB) have been implicated in the dysfunction associated with Lateral Epicondylalgia. For muscles in the human forearm, particularly those in close proximity, selective recordings are nearly impossible without the use of fine wire, indwelling electrodes. These can be inserted in precise locations and have small recording areas. Standard electromyography texts indicate, however, that the activity of ECRL and ECRB cannot be distinguished, even with intramuscular electrodes. We present a new technique for determining the most appropriate sites at which to insert intramuscular electrodes for selective recordings of ECRB and ECRL. The location of ECRB and ECRL was measured on 10 cadaver specimens, 5 right arms and 5 left arms. The distance from the muscle origin to (1) insertion, (2) largest portion of the muscle belly, (3) most proximal fibres and (4) most distal fibres were measured and expressed relative to forearm length. The mean distance and 95% confidence interval was calculated for each of the four measures. These data indicated a significant separation of the belly of each muscle along the length of the forearm. These relative distances were used to mark electrode insertion points on three volunteers. Fine wire electrodes were used to record the electromyogram in three participants. Each participant was required to perform isometric contractions to produce (1) wrist extension torque, (2) radial deviation torque, (3) elbow flexion torque and (4) finger extension. The electromyographic recordings show clear differentiation of ECRB and ECRL with the relative activation patterns reflecting the underlying anatomical organisation of the two muscles. This technique provides an important objective method that can be used in conjunction with manual muscle testing to provide a means of ensuring accurate intramuscular electromyographic recording from these two muscles.
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Movement Studies, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia. rieks@hms.uq.edu.au
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Riek
authors.forename: R G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Carson
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wright
mesh_terms: D002102:Cadaver; D004567:Electrodes, Implanted; D004576:Electromyography / Q000379:methods*; D005542:Forearm / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007537:Isometric Contraction / Q000502:physiology*; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000502:physiology*; D012016:Reference Values; D015203:Reproducibility of Results