title: Cost-effectiveness of treating hyperlipidemia in the presence of diabetes : who should be treated?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The objective of this study was to estimate the long-term costs and benefits of treating hyperlipidemia among diabetic patients with and without known cardiovascular disease after validating the Cardiovascular Life Expectancy Model.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The model estimates were compared with the Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study (4S) and used to estimate the long-term costs and benefits of treatment with simvastatin. Simulations were performed for men and women, 40 to 70 years of age, having pretreatment LDL cholesterol values of 5.46, 4.34, and 3.85 mmol/L (211, 168, and 149 mg/dL). We forecasted the long-term risk of cardiovascular events, the need for medical and surgical interventions, and the associated costs in 1996 US dollars. The model validated well against the observed results of the of the 4S diabetic patients. In this validation, the model estimates fell within the 95% confidence interval of the observed results for 7 of the 8 available end points (coronary deaths, total deaths, and so forth). Treatment with simvastatin for patients with cardiovascular disease is cost-effective for men and women, with or without diabetes. Among diabetic individuals without cardiovascular disease, the benefits of primary prevention were also substantial and the cost-effectiveness ratios attractive across a wide range of assumptions ( approximately $4000 to $40 000 per year of life saved). These conclusions were robust even among diabetics with lower baseline LDL values and smaller LDL reductions as observed in the Cholesterol and Recruitment Events (CARE) trial.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Among adults with hyperlipidemia, the presence of diabetes identifies men and women among whom lipid therapy is likely to be effective and cost-effective even in the absence of other risk factors or known cardiovascular disease.
authors.affiliation: Centre for the Analysis of Cost-Effective Care, The Montreal General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Grover
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Coupal
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zowall
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dorais
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000517:prevention & control; D003198:Computer Simulation; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D048909:Diabetes Complications; D005260:Female; D017048:Health Care Costs; D006801:Humans; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006949:Hyperlipidemias / Q000150:complications* / Q000628:therapy*; D000960:Hypolipidemic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008017:Life Expectancy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D010560:Personnel Selection; D019821:Simvastatin / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors; D000960:Hypolipidemic Agents; D019821:Simvastatin