title: Discrimination of sepsis and systemic inflammatory response syndrome by determination of circulating plasma concentrations of procalcitonin, protein complement 3a, and interleukin-6.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate whether plasma concentrations of procalcitonin (PCT), interleukin-6 (IL-6), protein complement 3a (C3a), leukocyte elastase (elastase), and the C-reactive protein (CRP) determined directly after the clinical onset of sepsis or systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) discriminate between patients suffering from sepsis or SIRS and predict the outcome of these patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Medical intensive care unit at a university hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-two patients with sepsis and 11 patients with SIRS.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The plasma concentrations of PCT, C3a, and IL-6 obtained < or =8 hrs after clinical onset of sepsis or SIRS but not those of elastase or CRP were significantly higher in septic patients (PCT: median, 16.8 ng/mL, range, 0.9-351.2 ng/mL, p = .003; C3a: median, 807 ng/mL, range, 422-4788 ng/mL, p < .001; IL-6: median, 382 pg/mL, range, 5-1004 pg/mL, p = .009, all Mann-Whitney rank sum test) compared with patients suffering from SIRS (PCT: median, 3.0 ng/mL, range, 0.7-29.5 ng/mL; C3a: median, 409 ng/mL, range, 279566 ng/mL; IL-6: median, 98 pg/mL, range, 23-586 pg/mL). The power of PCT, C3a, and IL-6 to discriminate between septic and SIRS patients was determined in a receiver operating characteristic analysis. C3a was the best variable to differentiate between both populations with a maximal sensitivity of 86% and a specificity of 80%. An even better discrimination (i.e., a maximal sensitivity of 91% and a specificity of 80%) was achieved when PCT and C3a were combined in a "sepsis score." C3a concentrations also helped to predict the outcome of patients. Based on the sepsis score, a logistic regression model was developed that allows a convenient and reliable determination of the probability of an individual patient to suffer from sepsis or SIRS.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data show that the determination of PCT, IL-6, and C3a is more reliable to differentiate between septic and SIRS patients than the variables CRP and elastase, routinely used at the intensive care unit. The determination of PCT and C3a plasma concentrations appears to be helpful for an early assessment of septic and SIRS patients in intensive care.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Clinical Chemistry II, Medical School Hannover, Germany.
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Selberg
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hecker
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Klos
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Bautsch
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Köhl
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002116:Calcitonin / Q000097:blood*; D015740:Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide; D015926:Complement C3a / Q000032:analysis*; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D006023:Glycoproteins / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011498:Protein Precursors / Q000097:blood*; D018805:Sepsis / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis*; D018746:Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis*
chemical_list: C000606589:CALCA protein, human; D006023:Glycoproteins; D015850:Interleukin-6; D011498:Protein Precursors; D015926:Complement C3a; D002116:Calcitonin; D015740:Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide