title: Human papillomavirus type 16 E6 and E7 proteins inhibit differentiation-dependent expression of transforming growth factor-beta2 in cervical keratinocytes.
abstract: Infection with high-risk human papillomaviruses (HPVs) represents a major risk factor for the development of cervical cancer. The HPV-16 E6 and E7 proteins are highly expressed in differentiating keratinocytes, where they inactivate the p53 and retinoblastoma (pRb) proteins, two important transcriptional regulators. We have used cDNA expression arrays to identify global alterations in gene expression induced by E6 and E7 in differentiating cultures of human cervical keratinocytes. We show that E6 and E7 decrease expression of TGF-beta2 mRNA and alter expression of multiple TGF-beta-responsive genes involved in cell cycle regulation, apoptosis, and tissue remodeling. E6 and E7 inhibited expression of TGF-beta2 RNA 7-fold (relative effectiveness, E6/ E7 > E6 > E7 > control) and decreased secretion of biologically active TGF-beta2 by 70-80% (reduced from 70 to 10 pg/10(6) cells/24 h). Downregulation occurred through p53- and pRb-dependent pathways. In contrast, E6 and E7 did not alter expression of TGF-beta1 and TGF-beta3. Down-regulation of TGF-beta2 was biologically relevant because the addition of recombinant cytokine (10-200 pg/ml) to E6/E7-expressing cells restored expression of TGF-P-responsive genes, inhibited growth of keratinocytes, and decreased immortalization by E6 and E7. These results suggest that TGF-32- and TGF-3-responsive genes are important targets for the HPV-16 E6 and E7 oncoproteins in differentiating cervical keratinocytes.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Cellular Carcinogenesis and Tumor Promotion, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nees
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Geoghegan
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Munson
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Prabhu
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Androphy
authors.forename: C D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Woodworth
mesh_terms: D015152:Blotting, Northern; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000502:physiology; D002455:Cell Division / Q000502:physiology; D002472:Cell Transformation, Viral; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002584:Cervix Uteri / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000821:virology*; D015536:Down-Regulation / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D020868:Gene Silencing; D016161:Genes, Retinoblastoma; D016158:Genes, p53; D006801:Humans; D015603:Keratinocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000821:virology*; D009856:Oncogene Proteins, Viral / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D027383:Papillomaviridae / Q000235:genetics; D050725:Papillomavirus E7 Proteins; D012097:Repressor Proteins; D012190:Retroviridae / Q000235:genetics; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000378:metabolism; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: C068651:E6 protein, Human papillomavirus type 16; D009856:Oncogene Proteins, Viral; D050725:Papillomavirus E7 Proteins; D012097:Repressor Proteins; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53; C059731:oncogene protein E7, Human papillomavirus type 16