title: Airway management and direct laryngoscopy. A review and update.
abstract: Direct laryngoscopy is the direct visualization of the larynx while using a rigid laryngoscope to distract the structures of the upper airway. This article reviews the anatomy relevant to laryngoscopy and then presents a stepwise approach to the procedure. Alternative intubation techniques, positioning, laryngoscopy blades, and stylets are then covered. Pharmacologic adjuncts are discussed briefly as they relate to the difficult airway and incorporation into overall airway management.
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, USA.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Levitan
authors.forename: E A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Ochroch
mesh_terms: D000402:Airway Obstruction / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D003422:Critical Care / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D007013:Hypopharynx / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D007442:Intubation, Intratracheal / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D020704:Laryngoscopes / Q000600:supply & distribution; D007828:Laryngoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D007830:Larynx / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D009466:Neuromuscular Blocking Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010102:Oxygen Inhalation Therapy / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D011187:Posture; D012121:Respiration, Artificial / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D009466:Neuromuscular Blocking Agents