title: The oncogenic properties of the HMG-I gene family.
abstract: The HMG-I gene family encodes high mobility group proteins originally identified as nonhistone chromosomal binding proteins. HMG-I and -Y proteins are alternatively spliced products of the same mRNA; HMG-C is encoded by a separate gene. The HMG-I proteins function as architectural chromatin-binding proteins that bind to the narrow groove of AT-rich regions in double-stranded DNA. Recent studies indicate an important role for HMG-I proteins in regulating gene expression. Moreover, increased expression of the HMG-I, -Y, and -C proteins correlates with cellular proliferation and neoplastic transformation in several cell types and human cancers. Previous work from our laboratory has shown that HMG-I is a direct c-Myc target gene that is involved in Myc-mediated neoplastic transformation. In this report, we show that increased expression of HMG-Y or -C leads to transformation with anchorage-independent cell growth in two experimental cell lines in a manner similar to that of HMG-I or c-Myc. Moreover, Rat la cells overexpressing HMG-Y or -C form tumors in nude mice analogous to Rat 1a cells overexpressing HMG-I or c-Myc. Distant metastases developed in animals injected with cells overexpressing HMG-I or -C. Our findings suggest that the HMG-I gene family is involved in neoplastic transformation and may represent a new family of oncogenes important in the pathogenesis of several human cancers.
authors.affiliation: Hematology Division, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA.
authors.forename: L J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Wood
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Maher
authors.forename: T E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Bunton
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Resar
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002448:Cell Adhesion / Q000502:physiology; D002460:Cell Line; D002471:Cell Transformation, Neoplastic / Q000235:genetics*; D015870:Gene Expression; D025741:HMGA1a Protein; D006609:High Mobility Group Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D009857:Oncogenes / Q000502:physiology*; D051381:Rats; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D014162:Transfection
chemical_list: D006609:High Mobility Group Proteins; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors; D025741:HMGA1a Protein