Signal transduction induced by immunostimulatory CpG DNA.
The immune recognition of unmethylated CpG motifs appears to be an example of the ability of the immune system to detect molecular patterns which are characteristic of microbes, but are not present in vertebrates. This detection is accomplished by the means of pattern recognition receptors (PRR). Unlike some other examples of PRR, immune recognition of CpG DNA appears to require cell uptake and to be accomplished through an intracellular PRR system. This then results in the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases, culminating in the phosphorylation of transcription factors and the activation of transcription and translation. The rapid activation of these pathways by CpG DNA leads to the induction of protective immune responses.
Krieg
A M
AM
Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Iowa City 52246, USA.
D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017951:Antigen Presentation / Q000187:drug effects; D001402:B-Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D018899:CpG Islands / Q000276:immunology*; D004247:DNA / Q000276:immunology / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D004705:Endocytosis; D011992:Endosomes / Q000276:immunology; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D020935:MAP Kinase Signaling System / Q000187:drug effects; D008262:Macrophage Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D009690:Nucleic Acid Conformation; D009838:Oligodeoxyribonucleotides / Q000276:immunology / Q000494:pharmacology; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D011947:Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell / Q000276:immunology; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects*; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism; D014158:Transcription, Genetic / Q000187:drug effects
D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D009838:Oligodeoxyribonucleotides; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D011947:Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell; D014157:Transcription Factors; D004247:DNA