title: Circadian and hypothermia-induced effects on visual and auditory evoked potentials in multiple sclerosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Body cooling has been proposed as a symptomatic treatment for multiple sclerosis. This study aimed to assess the effects of body cooling and of circadian variations on clinical parameters and on visual and auditory evoked potential measures in multiple sclerosis patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Clinical status was assessed and VEPs, BAEPs and MLAEPs (all with two stimulus frequencies) were recorded a total of 4 times on two separate days (two times per day at 08:30 and 15:00 h each day) in 10 multiple sclerosis patients and 10 controls. On one of these days, the subjects were submitted to body cooling before the afternoon session.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Tympanic temperature was significantly higher in the afternoon. Cooling lowered the temperature by 1.4 degrees C. No clinical effects were observed. Circadian effects were detected on VEP amplitude, which increased both in controls and in patients at low stimulus frequency (P<0.01), and increased in controls and decreased in patients at high stimulus frequency (interaction: P<0.01). Cooling determined an increase in BAEP I-V peak-to-peak time in controls, and a reduction in patients at high stimulus frequency (interaction: P<0.01). In patients, cooling also determined a great increase in MLAEP amplitude (interaction: P<0.001). We did not find cooling effects on VEP measures.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Visual and auditory evoked potentials showed differences in circadian and cooling effects between controls and multiple sclerosis patients. These differences are consistent with the hypothesis of temperature-dependent conduction blocks in demyelinated fibers. Cooling may have a clinical effect in selected patients only.
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio Potenziali Evocati, Centro Sclerosi Multipla, Instituto Neurologico 'C. Mondino', Pavia, Italy. aromani@mondino.it
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Romani
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bergamaschi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Versino
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zilioli
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Callieco
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Cosi
mesh_terms: D000161:Acoustic Stimulation; D000328:Adult; D001921:Brain / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002940:Circadian Rhythm / Q000502:physiology*; D004569:Electroencephalography; D005072:Evoked Potentials, Auditory / Q000502:physiology*; D005074:Evoked Potentials, Visual / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007036:Hypothermia, Induced; D008297:Male; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000503:physiopathology*; D010775:Photic Stimulation