title: The skeletal muscle calcium release channel: coupled O2 sensor and NO signaling functions.
abstract: Ion channels have been studied extensively in ambient O2 tension (pO2), whereas tissue PO2 is much lower. The skeletal muscle calcium release channel/ryanodine receptor (RyR1) is one prominent example. Here we report that PO2 dynamically controls the redox state of 6-8 out of 50 thiols in each RyR1 subunit and thereby tunes the response to NO. At physiological pO2, nanomolar NO activates the channel by S-nitrosylating a single cysteine residue. Among sarcoplasmic reticulum proteins, S-nitrosylation is specific to RyR1 and its effect on the channel is calmodulin dependent. Neither activation nor S-nitrosylation of the channel occurs at ambient PO2. The demonstration that channel cysteine residues subserve coupled O2 sensor and NO regulatory functions and that these operate through the prototypic allosteric effector calmodulin may have general implications for the regulation of redox-related systems.
authors.affiliation: Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA.
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Eu
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Stamler
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Meissner
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D000252:Calcium-Transporting ATPases / Q000378:metabolism; D002147:Calmodulin / Q000378:metabolism; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000502:physiology*; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010100:Oxygen / Q000378:metabolism*; D011817:Rabbits; D012433:Ryanodine / Q000378:metabolism; D019837:Ryanodine Receptor Calcium Release Channel / Q000502:physiology*; D012519:Sarcoplasmic Reticulum / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction
chemical_list: D002147:Calmodulin; D019837:Ryanodine Receptor Calcium Release Channel; D012433:Ryanodine; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D000252:Calcium-Transporting ATPases; D010100:Oxygen; D002118:Calcium