title: Vestibular anomalies in CHARGE syndrome: investigations on and consequences for postural development.
abstract: Recently, vestibular anomalies have been described as a frequent feature in children with coloboma-heart-atresia-retarded-genital-ear (CHARGE) syndrome. They are likely to play an important role in the psychomotor retardation affecting these children. In order to test this hypothesis, we prospectively performed complete vestibular investigations in a series of 17 CHARGE syndrome patients including inner ear CT scan and functional vestibular evaluation of both canal and otolith functions. These results were correlated with the postural anomalies observed during the children's development and showed that vestibular dysfunction is a constant feature in CHARGE syndrome and has very good sensitivity for confirming the diagnosis. Anomalies of semicircular canals were frequently found (94%), easily detectable on CT scan and associated with no response on canal function evaluation. They were considered as partly responsible for the retardation of postural stages. Vestibular functional tests were consistently abnormal but allowed detection of residual otolith function in most patients (94%). All children of this series had an atypical pattern of postural behaviour that we consider to be related to their vestibular anomalies. Residual otolith function seems to have a positive influence for postural development.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Vestibular investigations are valuable for diagnosis, developmental assessment, and adaptation of specific rehabilitation programmes in CHARGE syndrome patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatrics, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France. veronique.abadie@nck.ap-hop-paris.fr
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Abadie
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wiener-Vacher
authors.forename: M P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Morisseau-Durand
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Porée
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Amiel
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Amanou
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Peigné
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lyonnet
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Manac'h
mesh_terms: D000015:Abnormalities, Multiple / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002754:Choanal Atresia / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D003103:Coloboma / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D002658:Developmental Disabilities / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000534:rehabilitation; D004423:Ear / Q000002:abnormalities*; D005260:Female; D005835:Genitalia / Q000002:abnormalities*; D006330:Heart Defects, Congenital / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D006801:Humans; D008607:Intellectual Disability / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D008297:Male; D011187:Posture; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013577:Syndrome; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D014724:Vestibular Function Tests; D014722:Vestibule, Labyrinth / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*