title: Dye-enhanced cataract surgery. Part 3: posterior capsule staining to learn posterior continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the use of 2 dyes for staining the posterior capsule to enhance visualization during posterior continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis (PCCC).
  
  
  METHODS
  Center for Research on Ocular Therapeutics and Biodevices, Storm Eye Institute, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA.
  
  
  METHODS
  Indocyanine green 0.5% (ICG) and trypan blue 0.1% were used to stain the posterior capsule for performing PCCC in 8 human eyes obtained postmortem. The eyes were prepared according to the posterior video technique of Miyake-Apple. After CCC and hydrodissection/delineation were performed, the nucleus was carefully delivered by hydroexpression. Cortical cleanup was completed by irrigation/aspiration. The posterior capsule was stained by instilling 1 microdrop of ICG (4 eyes) or trypan blue (4 eyes) in the capsular bag. A PCCC was then performed by 2 independent surgeons (4 eyes/surgeon) not familiar with this technique. Each surgeon also performed PCCC in 2 eyes without the use of dye.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both dyes facilitated the performance of PCCC after staining the otherwise transparent posterior capsule. It was easier to differentiate the stained posterior capsule flap from the underlying transparent anterior hyaloid phase of the vitreous. In addition, optic capture of an intraocular lens, with or without anterior vitrectomy, was easily accomplished because of the enhanced visualization by posterior capsule staining.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Posterior capsule staining can be successfully used to learn and perform the PCCC procedure, combined with optic capture, anterior vitrectomy, or both.
authors.affiliation: Center for Research on Ocular Therapeutics and Biodevices, Storm Eye Institute, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston 29425-5536, USA.
authors.forename: S K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Pandey
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Werner
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Escobar-Gomez
authors.forename: L P
authors.initials: LP
authors.lastname: Werner
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Apple
mesh_terms: D002102:Cadaver; D019923:Capsulorhexis / Q000379:methods*; D002386:Cataract / Q000150:complications*; D004396:Coloring Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007208:Indocyanine Green / Q000008:administration & dosage; D007322:Instillation, Drug; D007903:Lens Capsule, Crystalline / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D019654:Lens Implantation, Intraocular; D016343:Monitoring, Intraoperative / Q000379:methods; D011897:Random Allocation; D013194:Staining and Labeling / Q000379:methods*; D014343:Trypan Blue / Q000008:administration & dosage; D014822:Vitreous Body
chemical_list: D004396:Coloring Agents; D014343:Trypan Blue; D007208:Indocyanine Green