title: Mediastinitis after cardiac transplantation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Assessment of incidence and behavior of mediastinitis after cardiac transplantation.
  
  
  METHODS
  From 1985 to 1999, 214 cardiac transplantations were performed, 12 (5.6%) of the transplanted patients developed confirmed mediastinitis. Patient's ages ranged from 42 to 66 years (mean of 52.3 +/- 10.0 years) and 10 (83.3%) patients were males. Seven (58.3%) patients showed sternal stability on palpation, 4 (33.3%) patients had pleural empyema, and 2 (16.7%) patients did not show purulent secretion draining through the wound.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Staphylococcus aureus was the infectious agent identified in the wound secretion or in the mediastinum, or both, in 8 (66.7%) patients. Staphylococcus epidermidis was identified in 2 (16.7%) patients, Enterococcus faecalis in 1 (8.3%) patient, and the cause of mediastinitis could not be determined in 1 (8.3%) patient. Surgical treatment was performed on an emergency basis, and the extension of the débridement varied with local conditions. In 2 (16.7%) patients, we chose to leave the surgical wound open and performed daily dressings with granulated sugar. Total sternal resection was performed in only 1 (8.3%) patient. Out of this series, 5 (41.7%) patients died, and the causes of death were related to the infection. Autopsy revealed persistence of mediastinitis in 1 (8.3%) patient.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Promptness in diagnosing mediastinitis and precocious surgical drainage have changed the natural evolution of this disease. Nevertheless, observance of the basic precepts of prophylaxis of infection is still the best way to treat mediastinitis.
authors.affiliation: Instituto do Coração do Hospital das Clínicas-FMUSP, Brazil.
authors.forename: N A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Stolf
authors.forename: A I
authors.initials: AI
authors.lastname: Fiorelli
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bacal
authors.forename: L F
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Camargo
authors.forename: E A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Bocchi
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Freitas
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nicoletti
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Meira
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D016027:Heart Transplantation; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008480:Mediastinitis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000601:surgery; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000601:surgery; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013203:Staphylococcal Infections