title: Cisplatin, ifosfamide, oral etoposide, and concurrent accelerated hyperfractionated thoracic radiation for patients with limited small-cell lung carcinoma: results of radiation therapy oncology group trial 93-12.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The combination of cisplatin, ifosfamide, and oral etoposide (PIEo) given concurrently with accelerated hyperfractionated thoracic radiation was studied in patients with limited small-cell lung cancer in a phase II trial to assess response, survival, and toxicity.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty-seven patients were accrued between March 1994 and April 1996. Chemotherapy doses were cisplatin 20 mg/m(2) and ifosfamide 1,200 mg/m(2) on days 1 to 3 and etoposide 40 mg/m(2) administered orally days 1 through 14. Radiation consisted of accelerated hyperfractionated thoracic radiation (AHTRT) 1.5 Gy bid x 30 fractions (total 45 Gy) days 1 through 19, concurrent with cycle 1 of chemotherapy. Three additional cycles of chemotherapy were given every 4 weeks after completion of chemoradiation. Prophylactic cranial radiation (25 Gy in 10 fractions) was offered to patients for whom complete response (CR) after completion of chemotherapy was achieved.
  
  
  RESULTS
  An overall objective response rate of 78% (41 CRs [67%] and seven partial responses [11%]) was seen in 61 patients whose disease response could be evaluated. Median progression-free and overall survival estimates were 12.7 and 23.7 months, respectively. Two- and 3-year survival rates were estimated at 50% and 39%, respectively. Major toxic effects included grade 4 granulocytopenia in 34 (55%), grade 4 thrombocytopenia in 16 (26%), grade 3 to 5 fever/infection in six (10%; with one death resulting from sepsis), and grade 3/4 esophagitis in 27 patients (43%). Other nonhematologic toxic greater than grade 2 occurred in 11 patients (18%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Relative to conventional etoposide/cisplatin and concurrent AHTRT, chemoradiation with PIEo produced similar median and 2-year survival rates and a higher rate of acute esophageal toxicity. However, the locoregional control rate with a minimum follow-up of 2 years is excellent at 80%. It is conceivable that longer follow-up will prove this regimen more promising. Research efforts should focus on other methods to improve disease control in all potential sites of recurrence.
authors.affiliation: University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA. bglisson@mdanderson.org
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Glisson
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Scott
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Komaki
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Movsas
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wagner
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018288:Carcinoma, Small Cell / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D017024:Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; D002945:Cisplatin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D016371:Cranial Irradiation; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D019583:Dose Fractionation, Radiation; D004941:Esophagitis / Q000139:chemically induced; D005047:Etoposide / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007069:Ifosfamide / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009503:Neutropenia / Q000139:chemically induced; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D005047:Etoposide; D002945:Cisplatin; D007069:Ifosfamide