title: Influence of angiotensin-converting enzyme gene polymorphism on development of athlete's heart.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Genetic influence on development of athlete's heart is uncertain. This study investigated whether angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene polymorphism influenced development of athlete's heart.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-three participants in a 100-km ultramarathon were classified on the basis of ACE gene polymorphism into a deletion group (n = 26) and an insertion group (n = 17). Echocardiograms were recorded to determine left ventricular end-diastolic and end-systolic diameters, interventricular septal thickness, left ventricular posterior wall thickness, left ventricular mass, and ejection fraction.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (65.5 +/- 4.0 mm) and left ventricular mass (369.5 +/- 73.9 g) were significantly larger in the subjects with deletion than in those with insertion (57.4 +/- 4.2 mm, 306.5 +/- 93.7 g). However, no significant differences in the other parameters were noted.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In long-distance runners, ACE gene polymorphism of the D/D and D/I genotypes has a stronger influence on left ventricular hypertrophy than polymorphism of the I/I genotype.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Nagashima
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Musha
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Takada
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Awaya
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Oba
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mori
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ohmiya
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nobuoka
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Murayama
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D006801:Humans; D017379:Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics*; D008875:Middle Aged; D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A / Q000235:genetics*; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic / Q000235:genetics*; D013177:Sports
chemical_list: D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A