title: Defecation problems in children with Hirschsprung's disease: a biopsychosocial approach.
abstract: Although most patients with operated Hirschsprung's disease (HD) have good continence in adulthood, a majority have postoperative defection problems during school age. Persistence of chronic constipation and/or incontinence may have considerable consequences for psychosocial development, parent-child interactions, quality of life, and the child's general condition. Considering these consequences, it is important to treat these problems as early as possible. From a biopsychosocial view, we developed a multidisciplinary treatment aimed at resolving defecation problems by teaching the child bowel self-control, primarily by training optimal defecation skills and subsequently toilet behavior. This treatment, carried out by a child psychologist, a pediatric physiotherapist, and a pediatric surgeon, consists of five steps: explanation; extinction of fear and avoidance behavior; learning new defecation behavior; learning an adequate straining technique; and generalization toward daily life. The effect of the treatment was investigated retrospectively in 16 boys with operated HD. The children improved significantly in all aspects during treatment, suggesting that multidisciplinary treatment can significantly reduce the postoperative chronic bowel problems of most children with operated HD. The treatment was as effective in young children (2-5 years) as in older children (5-14 years).
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Psychology, University Hospital Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: E M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: van Kuyk
authors.forename: A T
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Brugman-Boezeman
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wissink-Essink
authors.forename: R S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Severijnen
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Festen
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bleijenberg
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000367:Age Factors; D001294:Attitude to Health; D001362:Avoidance Learning; D001521:Behavior Therapy / Q000458:organization & administration*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002908:Chronic Disease; D003248:Constipation / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D005239:Fear; D005242:Fecal Incontinence / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D006627:Hirschsprung Disease / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010348:Patient Care Team / Q000458:organization & administration*; D010353:Patient Education as Topic / Q000458:organization & administration*; D026741:Physical Therapy Modalities; D002666:Psychology, Child; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012648:Self Care / Q000523:psychology; D014039:Toilet Training; D016896:Treatment Outcome