title: Steady-state pharmacokinetics of lithium in healthy volunteers receiving concomitant meloxicam.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This open, controlled study investigated the effect of concomitant 15 mg oral meloxicam on the pharmacokinetics of lithium in healthy male volunteers.
  
  
  METHODS
  On days 1-14 lithium was coadministered with meloxicam to 16 volunteers; on days 10-14 lithium was administered in individualized dosage regimes to achieve stable lithium plasma concentrations in the lower therapeutic range of 0.3-0.7 mmol l(-1). A 12 h steady-state concentration profile for lithium was obtained at day 14, after which meloxicam was withdrawn. The lithium dose remained unchanged from day 15 to day 22, at which time a second lithium concentration profile was determined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Lithium and meloxicam were well tolerated throughout the study and all 16 volunteers completed the study. Lithium predose concentrations (Cpre,ss) and area under the curve (AUCss) values both increased by 21% (paired t-test P = 0.0002; 90% confidence intervals for test/reference ratios: 113-130% and 115-128%, respectively) when lithium was coadministered with meloxicam compared with values obtained for lithium alone. The geometric mean lithium Cpre,ss was 0.65 mmol l(-1) when coadministered with meloxicam and 0.54 mmol l(-1) for lithium alone. Lithium Cmax,ss values were increased by 16% by coadministration of meloxicam, from 0.97 mmol l(-1) to 1.12 mmol l(-1). The total plasma clearance of lithium was lower with concomitant meloxicam administration (82.5% of value for lithium alone).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Meloxicam (15 mg) moderately increased the plasma concentration of lithium in healthy volunteers, but by a magnitude thought to be of low clinical relevance. Nevertheless, lithium plasma concentrations should be closely monitored in patients receiving concomitant meloxicam and lithium therapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma KG, D-88397 Biberach and der Riss, Germany.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Türck
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Heinzel
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Luik
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018692:Antimanic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D019540:Area Under Curve; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D004347:Drug Interactions; D006801:Humans; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000378:metabolism; D008094:Lithium / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D008297:Male; D000077239:Meloxicam; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases / Q000378:metabolism; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013054:Spectrophotometry, Atomic; D013843:Thiazines / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013844:Thiazoles / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D018692:Antimanic Agents; D007527:Isoenzymes; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D013843:Thiazines; D013844:Thiazoles; D008094:Lithium; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; C496540:PTGS2 protein, human; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases; D000077239:Meloxicam