title: The illusion of cell immortality.
abstract: Normal cultured cell populations are mortal but cells that are immortal are abnormal and most have properties of cancer cells. Nevertheless, this distinction becomes blurred because the terms 'mortality' and 'immortality' are subject to enormous variations in understanding. Forty years ago we showed that cell mortality and immortality are inextricably linked to longevity determination, ageing and cancer. We suggested that a counting mechanism existed in normal cells and that has now been identified as telomere attrition. This replicometer, in combination with the discovery of the enzyme telomerase, has gone very far in explaining why most normal somatic cells have a finite capacity to replicate both in vivo and in vitro and how immortal cancer cells circumvent this inevitability. It is suggested that telomere attrition may be better understood as a direct measure of longevity determination and to only have an indirect association with age changes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, School of Medicine, P.O. Box 89, The Sea Ranch, CA 95497, USA.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hayflick
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016923:Cell Death; D002470:Cell Survival; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D016922:Cellular Senescence; D006801:Humans; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology; D016615:Telomere / Q000502:physiology