title: Neurological evaluation and intelligence testing in the child with operated congenital heart disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The immediate and intermediate-term neurodevelopmental outcome in infants undergoing open heart procedures using deep hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass was assessed prospectively.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred consecutive infants (age 2 to 174 days) were operated on using either deep hypothermic bypass only (group A, n = 28), or with associated circulatory arrest (group B, n = 72). Early neurological outcome was recorded. Survivors underwent mental development evaluation after 31 to 55 months. Fifty other children of similar demographic profile but without heart disease were also tested as controls.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In group A, there were two neurological deaths. In group B, 5 patients had clinical seizures, 1 had monoparesis and 1 had hyperkinetic syndrome with decreased attention span. Mean mental performance quotient was 90.0+/-8.2 in group A, and 89.1+/-6.8 in group B, (group A vs. B, p = 0.60). Mean mental performance quotient in the control group was 101.4+/-8.4, which was significantly higher than the patient population (p << 0.001). No correlation was found between duration of circulatory arrest and postoperative mental performance quotient.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There was significant retardation of mental development in infants operated with deep hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass. However, use of total circulatory arrest and its duration did not affect clinical outcome up to preschool age.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi. rsharmacvs@hotmail.com
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.forename: S K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Choudhary
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Mohan
authors.forename: M V
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Padma
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jain
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bhardwaj
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bhan
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Kiran
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Saxena
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Venugopal
mesh_terms: D001925:Brain Damage, Chronic / Q000209:etiology*; D006348:Cardiac Surgical Procedures; D002315:Cardiopulmonary Bypass; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006324:Heart Arrest, Induced / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006330:Heart Defects, Congenital / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D007036:Hypothermia, Induced / Q000009:adverse effects*; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007360:Intelligence; D009460:Neurologic Examination; D011446:Prospective Studies