title: Characterization and predictors of prostate specific antigen progression rates after radical retropubic prostatectomy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Detectable serum prostate specific antigen (PSA) after radical prostatectomy indicates recurrent disease and treatment failure. We characterized PSA recurrence after prostatectomy and identified predictors of rapid PSA progression.
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 165 patients with detectable PSA after radical prostatectomy to characterize the rate of PSA increase and correlate this rate with the possible predictors of rapid PSA progression known at prostatectomy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  For a median of 48 months postoperatively we followed 142 patients with PSA recurrence after radical prostatectomy who received no immediate adjuvant therapy. PSA doubling time was less than 6, greater than 6, 12, 18 and 24 months in 46%, 54%, 18%, 11% and 9% of cases, while time to PSA 50 ng./ml. was greater than 5, 10, 15 and 20 years in 69%, 34%, 22% and 9%, respectively. Univariate and multivariate analyses revealed that rapid PSA doubling time was associated with Gleason secondary grade, Gleason score and time to initial detectable PSA (p = 0.019, 0.031 and 0.0001, and p = 0.043, 0.045 and 0.0001, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PSA recurrence progresses at a greatly variable rate and many recurrences progress slowly with a long doubling time. Gleason secondary grade and score appear to be predictive of rapid PSA progression. No other pathological features were predictive of rapid PSA progression.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology and Statistics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis 46202, USA.
authors.forename: M O
authors.initials: MO
authors.lastname: Koch
authors.forename: R S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Foster
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bell
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Beck
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Parekh
authors.forename: S H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Jung
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D015331:Cohort Studies; D018450:Disease Progression; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005544:Forecasting; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000097:blood / Q000473:pathology; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000097:blood*; D011468:Prostatectomy; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000145:classification / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D017211:Treatment Failure
chemical_list: D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen