title: Combined effect of titanium particles and TNF-alpha on the production of IL-6 by osteoblast-like cells.
abstract: To clarify the role of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha on osteoblast functions in the presence of metal particles, two human osteoblast-like cell lines (MG-63 and SaOS-2) were cultured with TNF-alpha in the presence or absence of titanium particles in vitro. A combination of TNF-alpha and titanium particles showed additive effects on inhibition of cell proliferation and alkaline phosphatase production. On the other hand, production of interleukin-6, which is well known to induce osteoclastogenesis and to directly stimulate bone resorption, was additively stimulated by the combination of TNF-alpha and titanium particles. These results suggest that the association of TNF-alpha and titanium particles may play an important role in the pathogenesis of periprosthetic osteolysis through two different pathways: a reduced periprosthetic bone formation due to inhibition of osteoblast proliferation and alkaline phosphatase production, and osteoblast-mediated activation of osteoclastic bone resorption as suggested by the enhancement of interleukin-6 production.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093-0412, USA.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Takei
authors.forename: D P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Pioletti
authors.forename: S Y
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Kwon
authors.forename: K L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Sung
mesh_terms: D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000009:adverse effects; D002460:Cell Line; D006801:Humans; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism*; D014025:Titanium / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D015850:Interleukin-6; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D014025:Titanium