title: Diminished motor timing control in children referred for diagnosis of learning problems.
abstract: Disabled readers exhibit motor timing control (MTC) deficits in bimanual coordination relative to average readers. This article evaluates to what extent poor MTC is specific to reading or if it is related to learning problems in general. Children (7 to 11 years of age) referred for learning impairment (LI; n = 100) and same-age children nonlearning impaired (NLI; n = 243) performed a paced finger-tapping task. Greater variability of interresponse intervals was associated with poorer reading, spelling, and arithmetic achievement. The LI group performed more poorly than the NLI group, a difference that persisted even after adjusting for reading skill. Poor MTC is associated with poor reading but may also be a characteristic of children referred for learning problems, possibly signaling increased vulnerability of underlying neural integrative processes relevant to the child's adaptation to academic demands, including reading.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA. waber@a1.tch.harvard.edu
authors.forename: D P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Waber
authors.forename: M D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Weiler
authors.forename: D C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Bellinger
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Marcus
authors.forename: P W
authors.initials: PW
authors.lastname: Forbes
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wypij
authors.forename: P H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Wolff
mesh_terms: D001288:Attention; D002648:Child; D004522:Educational Status; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007859:Learning Disabilities / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology; D008297:Male; D009043:Motor Activity; D011596:Psychomotor Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology; D011930:Reaction Time