title: Identification of enterohepatic Helicobacter species by restriction fragment-length polymorphism analysis of the 16S rRNA gene.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Restriction fragment-length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis of a 1,200-bp polymerase chain reaction-amplified DNA fragment of gene coding for 16S rRNA was used to generate restriction profiles of 11 enterohepatic Helicobacter spp. isolated from various animals and humans.
  
  
  METHODS
  The amplicon from each Helicobacter sp. was digested with four restriction endonucleases: Alu I, Hinf I, Hha I, and Dde I. Alu I digestion produced five patterns that were useful for initial differentiation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Most Helicobacter spp. isolated from rodents had the same RFLP profiles by Alu I digestion (except H. rodentium and H. cholecystus), but they had different RFLP profiles by Hha I digestion. Only H. bilis and "H. rappini" mouse isolates could not be readily distinguished by the polymerase chain reaction-RFLP method. However, these two species can be distinguished using H. bilis specific primers. Some of the Helicobacter spp. have an intervening sequence in their 16S rRNA gene, which changes the RFLP patterns; in these cases, sequencing is the preferred method to make an appropriate diagnosis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The RFLP method used in this study was straightforward and rapid and should prove useful as an adjunct for identification and classification of multiple enterohepatic Helicobacter spp.
authors.affiliation: Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.forename: J G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Fox
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015252:Deoxyribonucleases, Type II Site-Specific / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D016998:Helicobacter / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods; D012150:Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000235:genetics*; D012377:Rodentia / Q000382:microbiology
chemical_list: D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; C024669:endodeoxyribonuclease AluI; D015252:Deoxyribonucleases, Type II Site-Specific; C032229:GANTC-specific type II deoxyribonucleases; C037130:GCGC-specific type II deoxyribonucleases