title: Increased urinary nitrate excretion associated with hepatic allograft rejection in experimental rat models and clinical cases.
abstract: In this study, we investigated the relationship between excretion of urinary nitrate as a stable end-product of nitric oxide (NO) metabolism and hepatic allograft rejection. In experimental rat models, hepatic allograft rejection was associated with increased nitrate excretion with a peak on postoperative day 5. The severity of the hepatic allograft rejection was dependent on the increased urinary nitrate excretion. No significant increase in urinary nitrate excretion was observed in cases in which effective immunosuppression was achieved. Inducible nitric oxide synthase mRNA expression was upregulated parallel to interferon-gamma gene expression in the graft-infiltrating mononuclear cells and spleen cells from the recipients. In clinical cases, urinary nitrate excretion increased parallel to increased serum cytosolic enzymes that accompanied rejection. These results suggest that urinary nitrate excretion is a useful indicator for the surveillance of graft rejection and the monitoring of therapeutic effects of antirejection treatments.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery II, Faculty of Medicine, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan. ucchi@ibm.net
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Uchiyama
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yanaga
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kishihara
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nomoto
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sugimachi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002648:Child; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D006084:Graft Rejection / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000652:urine*; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016031:Liver Transplantation; D008297:Male; D016853:Muromonab-CD3 / Q000627:therapeutic use; D009566:Nitrates / Q000652:urine*; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000652:urine; D051381:Rats; D011914:Rats, Inbred BN; D011917:Rats, Inbred Lew; D016559:Tacrolimus / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D016853:Muromonab-CD3; D009566:Nitrates; D016559:Tacrolimus