title: Closure of the abdominal wall at the umbilicus and the development of umbilical hernias in a group of foals from birth to 11 months of age.
abstract: The closure of the body wall defect at the umbilicus was studied in relation to the development of umbilical hernias in a group of 44 normal foals, 25 of which were followed from birth until five months of age, and 19 from birth until 11 months of age. At birth, 19 of the foals had a defect in the body wall at the umbilicus that was termed a 'palpable umbilical ring'. In 18 of them this defect disappeared within four days, but in the other the ring did not close and a hernial sac with abdominal contents was palpable. This foal was considered to be the only foal to have a truly congenital umbilical hernia. Twelve foals developed an umbilical hernia between five and eight weeks of age. The prevalence of umbilical hernias was much higher than in other studies, possibly owing to the prospective nature of the study.
authors.affiliation: Department of Equine Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Enzerink
authors.forename: P R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: van Weeren
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: van der Velden
mesh_terms: D000009:Abdominal Muscles / Q000254:growth & development*; D000818:Animals; D006554:Hernia, Umbilical / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000662:veterinary*; D006734:Horse Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology*; D006736:Horses; D024510:Muscle Development; D015995:Prevalence; D011446:Prospective Studies; D014472:Umbilicus / Q000254:growth & development*