title: Evolution of meal patterns and food choices of Japanese-American females born in the United States.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine trends in meal patterns and food choices across two generations of Japanese-American females born in the USA.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional cohort study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Gardena, a suburb of Los Angeles, California.
  
  
  METHODS
  One-hundred and seventy-six Japanese-American females, participating in a morning exercise class from December 1998 to January 1999.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighty-eight Nisei (second generation) mothers and their Sansei (third generation) daughters completed a food frequency questionnaire, answering questions regarding meal patterns and consumption frequency of 51 food items.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The Sansei ate fewer meals per day compared with the Nisei. Mean frequencies of takeout foods and eating out were higher in the Sansei vs the Nisei. Mean intake of meats and eggs were similar between the two groups. However, mean consumption of traditional Japanese complement foods including fish, vegetables and legumes was lower in the Sansei vs the Nisei. Intake of more 'Westernized' accessory foods, including salty snacks, regular soft drinks and alcoholic beverages, was higher in the Sansei vs the Nisei.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Findings from this study indicate that meal patterns and food choices have changed in succeeding generations of Japanese-American females from traditional fare to a diet containing many complement and accessory foods that are higher in fat, sugar, sodium and calories. Health professionals should be advised to consider the whole diet in making nutrition recommendations to this population as well as providing information to this group on the nutritional benefits of many traditional foods. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition (2000) 54, 665-670.
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Sciences, Program in Dietetics and Nutrition Education, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 04267-0394, USA.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kudo
authors.forename: G A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Falciglia
authors.forename: S C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Couch
mesh_terms: D000069:Acculturation; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D001213:Asian; D002755:Choice Behavior; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005247:Feeding Behavior / Q000208:ethnology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan / Q000208:ethnology; D015141:Los Angeles; D008875:Middle Aged