title: Glutathione S-transferase polymorphisms and their biological consequences.
abstract: Two supergene families encode proteins with glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity: the family of soluble enzymes comprises at least 16 genes; the separate family of microsomal enzymes comprises at least 6 genes. These two GST families are believed to exert a critical role in cellular protection against oxidative stress and toxic foreign chemicals. They detoxify a variety of electrophilic compounds, including oxidized lipid, DNA and catechol products generated by reactive oxygen species-induced damage to intracellular molecules. An increasing number of GST genes are being recognized as polymorphic. Certain alleles, particularly those that confer impaired catalytic activity (e.g. GSTM1(*)0, GSTT1(*)0), may be associated with increased sensitivity to toxic compounds. GST polymorphisms may be disease modifying; for example, in subgroups of patients with basal cell carcinoma or bronchial hyper-responsiveness, certain GST appear to exert a statistically significant and biologically relevant impact on disease susceptibility.
authors.affiliation: Biomedical Research Centre, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, UK. hayes@icrf.icnet.uk
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Hayes
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Strange
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005982:Glutathione Transferase / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D005982:Glutathione Transferase