title: Bioavailability of four ursodeoxycholic acid preparations.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) is the drug of choice for treating primary biliary cirrhosis and dissolving cholesterol gallstones.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study was to compare the bioavailability of four commercially available ursodeoxycholic acid formulations in standardized doses.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-four healthy subjects were studied in groups of four, and received each of the different UDCA preparations in random order, with a 1-week washout or more in-between. Serum UDCA levels were determined for a 6-h period. The mean area under the curve (AUC), Cmax and Tmax were determined for each drug formulation, and the results compared. Dose proportionality was determined using the Canadian Ursofalk tablet using either 250 mg, 500 mg or 750 mg dosing. The intraparticipant variability was assessed by asking each participant to repeat the last drug that they took the second time, 1 week later.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean AUC was 68.99 micromol/1.6 h-1 for the USA UDCA tablet, 59.34 micromol/1.6 h-1 for the Canadian UDCA tablet, 55.55 micromol/1.6 h-1 for Ursolvan capsules, and 46.66 micromol/1.6 h-1 for Actigall capsules. The mean Cmax values were 24.29, 17.85, 16.63 and 413.32 nmol/mL, respectively. The mean Tmax was 1.82, 2.3, 2.79 and 3.39 h, respectively. Linear aggression analysis assessing the direct proportionality of AUC on the dose for the Canadian UDCA tablet gave an estimate of 0.063 + 0.0164 (standard error, P-value=0.0117), e.g. if the dose increases from 250 mg to 500 mg, the serum ursodeoxycholic acid increases by 250 x 0.063=15.75. There was excellent reproducibility for the AUC for the North American tablets (0.97, 0.88) compared to the two capsules (0.32, 0.15).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The significantly higher AUC and Cmax and shorter Tmax for the Canadian Ursofalk tablets compared to the UDCA capsule preparations supports better bioavailability.
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada. gicnw@qe2-hsc.ns.ca
authors.forename: C N
authors.initials: CN
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Al-Knawy
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Blanchard
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D001682:Biological Availability; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013810:Therapeutic Equivalency; D014580:Ursodeoxycholic Acid / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*
chemical_list: D014580:Ursodeoxycholic Acid