title: Liver abnormalities during growth hormone treatment.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Occasional and transient increase in liver enzymes is reported during growth hormone (GH) treatment in girls with Turner syndrome (TS).
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospectively, the specific role of GH treatment on liver and muscular enzymes was evaluated in 78 patients (48 boys; age range 4.0-20.8 years) affected by GH deficiency (GHD) who had been treated with GH for at least 1 year (range: 1-15 years). All patients had normal serum levels of liver and muscular enzymes before GH therapy was started.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A clinically asymptomatic and mild increase in serum transaminase levels was observed in 6 of 78 patients with GHD during GH treatment; 3 (3.8%) of the patients showed an isolated, transitory and self-limiting increase in serum liver transaminase levels which was noticed 6 to 12 months after GH treatment was started, and normalized spontaneously within 3 to 6 months, without stopping the therapy. Three additional patients showed a transitory mild increase both in aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and creatine phosphokinase (CK) which also normalized spontaneously within 3 to 6 months. The increase in transaminase levels was not related to the brand of GH preparations nor to the dosage administered.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A mild, transient, self-limiting increase in serum transaminase may occur during GH treatment. Concomitant determination of CK serum levels may quickly differentiate muscular from hepatic hypertransaminasemia. Except for persistent cases, this condition does not generally require further investigations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Federico II University, Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Salerno
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Di Maio
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ferri
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Lettiero
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Di Maria
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Vajro
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000410:Alanine Transaminase / Q000097:blood; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases / Q000097:blood; D056486:Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003402:Creatine Kinase / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D019382:Human Growth Hormone / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000172:deficiency* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D008099:Liver / Q000201:enzymology; D008107:Liver Diseases / Q000201:enzymology; D008297:Male; D009132:Muscles / Q000201:enzymology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D005723:gamma-Glutamyltransferase / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D019382:Human Growth Hormone; D005723:gamma-Glutamyltransferase; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases; D000410:Alanine Transaminase; D003402:Creatine Kinase