title: Cobb method or Harrison posterior tangent method: which to choose for lateral cervical radiographic analysis.
abstract: METHODS
  Thirty lateral cervical radiographs were digitized twice by three examiners to compare reliability of the Cobb and posterior tangent methods.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine the reliability of the Cobb and Harrison posterior tangent methods and to compare and contrast these two methods.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Cobb's method is commonly used on both anteroposterior and lateral radiographs, whereas the posterior tangent method is not widely used.
  
  
  METHODS
  A blind, repeated-measures design was used. Thirty lateral cervical radiographs were digitized twice by each of three examiners. To evaluate reliability of determining global and segmental alignment, vertebral bodies of C1-T1 were digitized. Angles created were two global two-line Cobb angles (C1-C7 and C2-C7), segmental Cobb angles from C2 to C7, and posterior tangents drawn at each posterior vertebral body margin. Cobb's method and the posterior tangent method are compared and contrasted with these data.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 34 intraclass and interclass correlation coefficients, 28 were in the high range (>0.7), and 6 were in the good range (0.6-0.7). The Cobb method at C1-C7 overestimated the cervical curvature (-54 degrees ) and, at C2-C7 it underestimated the cervical curve (-17 degrees ), whereas the posterior tangents were the slopes along the curve (-26 degrees from C2 to C7). The inferior vertebral endplates and posterior body margins did not meet at 90 degrees (C2: 105 degrees +/- 5.2 degrees, C3: 99.7 degrees +/- 5.2 degrees, C4: 99.9 degrees +/- 5.8 degrees, C5: 96.1 degrees +/- 4.5 degrees, C6: 97.0 degrees +/- 3.8 degrees, C7: 95.4 degrees +/- 4.1 degrees ), which caused the segmental Cobb angles to underestimate lordosis at C2-C3, C4-C5, and C6-C7.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although both methods are reliable with the majority of correlation coefficients in the high range (ICC > 0.7), from the literature, the posterior tangent method has a smaller standard error of measurement than four-line Cobb methods. Global Cobb angles compare only the ends of the cervical curve and cannot delineate what happens to the curve internally. Posterior tangents are the slopes along the curve and can provide an analysis of any buckled areas of the cervical curve. The posterior tangent method is part of an engineering analysis (first derivative) and more accurately depicts cervical curvature than the Cobb method.
authors.affiliation: Chiropractic Biophysics (CBP) Nonprofit, Harvest, AL, USA.
authors.forename: D E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Harrison
authors.forename: D D
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Harrison
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Cailliet
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Troyanovich
authors.forename: T J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Janik
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Holland
mesh_terms: D002574:Cervical Vertebrae / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D006801:Humans; D015588:Observer Variation; D011859:Radiography / Q000379:methods*; D012189:Retrospective Studies