title: Interleukin-6 and interleukin-1 receptor antagonist in cerebrospinal fluid from patients with recent tonic-clonic seizures.
abstract: We have previously reported increased concentrations of interleukin (1L)-6 in CSF from patients with tonic-clonic seizures, where increased cytokine production most likely is a consequence of neuronal epileptic activity associated with seizures. The biological effects of IL-6 are mediated by other cytokines, which are studied here in addition to IL-6. The purpose of this study was to analyze levels of soluble cytokines from plasma and CSF from patients with newly developed tonic-clonic seizures. The concentrations of IL-6, IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RA), IL-1beta, tumor necrosis factor (TNFalpha) and nerve growth factor (NGF) were measured from plasma and CSF from 22 patients with newly developed tonic-clonic seizures within 24 h from the seizure and 18 controls. The mean concentrations of IL-6 were significantly increased in CSF (P<0.001) and plasma (P<0.01) after tonic-clonic seizures, there was some indication of increased concentrations of IL-1RA and no significant change in NGF, IL-1beta or TNFalpha. Our study shows that cytokine network is activated in patients after recent tonic-clonic seizures. We provide evidence of intrathecal production of IL-6 associated with electrical seizure activity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Tampere University Hospital, PO Box 2000, FIN-33101, Tampere, Finland.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Peltola
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Palmio
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Korhonen
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Suhonen
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Miettinen
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hurme
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lindholm
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Keränen
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001812:Blood-Brain Barrier / Q000502:physiology; D004830:Epilepsy, Tonic-Clonic / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020932:Nerve Growth Factor / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid; D017472:Receptors, Interleukin-1 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism*; D019947:Receptors, Interleukin-6 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid
chemical_list: D015850:Interleukin-6; D017472:Receptors, Interleukin-1; D019947:Receptors, Interleukin-6; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D020932:Nerve Growth Factor