title: Induction of mucin gene expression in middle ear of rats by tumor necrosis factor-alpha: potential cause for mucoid otitis media.
abstract: Mucoid otitis media (MOM) is characterized by viscous fluid, high in mucin concentration, which accumulates in the middle ear cavity. Recent studies suggest that initial infection in the middle ear cleft may be key to the development of MOM. However, factors of the initial infection attributed to the stimulation of mucin production are not clearly understood. This study demonstrated that tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, a proinflammatory cytokine in mucoid effusion, markedly increased Muc2 mucin mRNA expression in middle ear epithelium, in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Parallel to this was a marked increase in mucin glycoprotein in middle ear fluid. Also, TNF-alpha demonstrated an autocrine and/or paracrine effect on the expression of endogenous TNF-alpha gene in the middle ear, which may contribute to the production of mucin in this study. These findings suggest that TNF-alpha plays an important role in the development of MOM by stimulating mucin metabolism.
authors.affiliation: Otitis Media Research Center, Department of Otolaryngology, University of Minnesota School of Medicine, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA. linxx004@tc.umn.edu
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Haruta
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kawano
authors.forename: S B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Ho
authors.forename: G L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Adams
authors.forename: S K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Juhn
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004432:Ear, Middle / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D004848:Epithelium / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D055262:Mucin-2; D009077:Mucins / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D010034:Otitis Media with Effusion / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: C524628:Muc2 protein, rat; D055262:Mucin-2; D009077:Mucins; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha