title: Interleukin-13 and transforming growth factor-beta1 inhibit spontaneous sleep in rabbits.
abstract: Proinflammatory cytokines, including interleukin-1beta and tumor necrosis factor-alpha are involved in physiological sleep regulation. Interleukin (IL)-13 and transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta1 are anti-inflammatory cytokines that inhibit proinflammatory cytokines by several mechanisms. Therefore, we hypothesized that IL-13 and TGF-beta1 could attenuate sleep in rabbits. Three doses of IL-13 (8, 40, and 200 ng) and TGF-beta1 (40, 100, and 200 ng) were injected intracerebroventricularly 3 h after the beginning of the light period. In addition, one dose of IL-13 (200 ng) and one dose of TGF-beta1 (200 ng) were injected at dark onset. The two higher doses of IL-13 and the highest dose of TGF-beta1 significantly inhibited spontanenous non-rapid eye movement sleep (NREMS) when they were given in the light period. IL-13 also inhibited NREMS after dark onset administration; however, the inhibitory effect was less potent than that observed after light period administration. The 40-ng dose of IL-13 inhibited REMS duration during the dark period. TGF-beta1 administered at dark onset had no effect on sleep. These data provide additional evidence for the hypothesis that a brain cytokine network is involved in regulation of physiological sleep.
authors.affiliation: Washington State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary and Comparative Anatomy, Pharmacology and Physiology, Pullman, Washington 99164, USA.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kubota
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fang
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kushikata
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Krueger
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001831:Body Temperature; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D004569:Electroencephalography; D007276:Injections, Intraventricular; D018793:Interleukin-13 / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D011817:Rabbits; D012890:Sleep / Q000187:drug effects*; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D018793:Interleukin-13; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta