Structural studies of human alkyladenine glycosylase and E. coli 3-methyladenine glycosylase.
Human alkyladenine glycosylase (AAG) and Escherichia coli 3-methyladenine glycosylase (AlkA) are base excision repair glycosylases that recognize and excise a variety of alkylated bases from DNA. The crystal structures of these enzymes have provided insight into their substrate specificity and mechanisms of catalysis. Both enzymes utilize DNA bending and base-flipping mechanisms to expose and bind substrate bases. Crystal structures of AAG complexed to DNA suggest that the enzyme selects substrate bases through a combination of hydrogen bonding and the steric constraints of the active site, and that the enzyme activates a water molecule for an in-line backside attack of the N-glycosylic bond. In contrast to AAG, the structure of the AlkA-DNA complex suggests that AlkA substrate recognition and catalytic specificity are intimately integrated in a S(N)1 type mechanism in which the catalytic Asp238 directly promotes the release of modified bases.
Hollis
T
T
Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
Lau
A
A
Ellenberger
T
T
D000478:Alkylation; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000502:physiology; D001665:Binding Sites; D002384:Catalysis; D004247:DNA / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D004249:DNA Damage; D045647:DNA Glycosylases; D004260:DNA Repair; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000201:enzymology*; D006801:Humans; D006860:Hydrogen Bonding; D008745:Methylation; D008958:Models, Molecular; D009699:N-Glycosyl Hydrolases / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000502:physiology; D009690:Nucleic Acid Conformation; D011487:Protein Conformation; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D013379:Substrate Specificity
D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D004247:DNA; C021565:3-methyladenine-DNA glycosylase; D045647:DNA Glycosylases; D009699:N-Glycosyl Hydrolases; C076131:DNA-3-methyladenine glycosidase II