title: The current status of bladder preservation in the treatment of muscle invasive bladder cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Bladder preserving strategies for muscle invasive bladder cancer have evolved from single modality to multimodality treatment approaches with improved results.
  
  
  METHODS
  We review the rationale for a multimodality approach to treat invasive bladder cancer and the results of some recent multimodality bladder sparing treatments. In addition, we compare this approach to radical cystectomy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Multimodality bladder sparing treatment involves combined transurethral bladder resection, external beam radiation with concurrent radiosensitizers and cisplatin based chemotherapy. With this approach overall 5-year survival is 48% to 63% and overall 5-year survival with the bladder intact is 36% to 43%. Survival with this approach is comparable to that in series of patients treated with primary radical cystectomy. The primary impetus for a multimodality bladder sparing approach is the improved quality of life associated with retaining the native bladder. However, the multimodality bladder sparing approach involves a complex treatment schedule associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Cystectomy is eventually required after attempted bladder preservation in 34% to 45% of cases and the rate of superficial recurrence is approximately 28%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Multimodality bladder sparing treatment is a viable option at centers with a dedicated multidisciplinary team. However, primary radical surgery remains the standard of care for invasive bladder cancer.
authors.affiliation: Section of Urology, Department of Surgery, University of Chicago, IL, USA.
authors.forename: H L
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: G D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Steinberg
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002945:Cisplatin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D015653:Cystectomy; D006801:Humans; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D011788:Quality of Life; D011838:Radiation-Sensitizing Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015996:Survival Rate; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000601:surgery*
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D011838:Radiation-Sensitizing Agents; D002945:Cisplatin