title: Iodine absorption after intraoperative bowel irrigation with povidone-iodine.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Povidone-iodine is a commonly used intrarectal tumoricidal agent in patients undergoing colorectal surgery. The aim of this study was to assess systemic absorption of total iodine and its effect on thyroid function after intrarectal application.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty patients with carcinoma of the rectum received intraoperative irrigation with either povidone-iodine (Group A; n = 10) or physiologic saline (Group B; n = 10). Ten patients with carcinoma of the sigmoid colon (group C) were treated the same as Group A. Electrolyte, total iodine, triiodothyronine, thyroxine, and thyroid-stimulating hormone values were measured in serum preoperatively and before intraoperative irrigation and immediately, ten minutes, 1 hour, 6 hours, 24 hours, and two weeks after irrigation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No significant changes occurred in serum electrolytes. A significant uptake of the total iodine was demonstrated in each group. Total iodine levels examined immediately, ten minutes, and one hour after irrigation in Group C were significantly higher than those examined in Group B. Maximum values were obtained one hour after irrigation in Groups A and B and six hours after irrigation in Group C. No significant changes occurred in triiodothyronine, thyroxine, and thyroid-stimulating hormone levels among the three groups. The decrease in triiodothyronine levels after surgery was demonstrated in each group. We noted a decrease after surgery in thyroxine levels for Groups A and B and in thyroid-stimulating hormone levels for Group B. Those hormones were not affected by the administration of povidone-iodine.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  High serum levels of iodine did not cause organ toxicity, suggesting that a single use of intraoperative bowel irrigation with povidone-iodine may be performed with practically negligible risk.
authors.affiliation: Second Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tsunoda
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shibusawa
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kamiyama
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Takata
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Choh
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kusano
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007430:Intraoperative Care; D007455:Iodine / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010592:Pharmaceutic Aids / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D011205:Povidone / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D012004:Rectal Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*; D007507:Therapeutic Irrigation; D013960:Thyroid Function Tests; D013961:Thyroid Gland / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D010592:Pharmaceutic Aids; D007455:Iodine; D011205:Povidone