title: Use of a self-expanding stent in the palliation of rectal cancer recurrences. A report of three cases.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Patients with nonresectable rectal cancer recurrences and elderly high risk patients are currently given a colostomy as a palliative therapy. To improve the quality of life in these patients, we inserted a self-expanding metal stent to relieve the symptoms of obstruction caused by a rectal cancer recurrence.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three patients (two male, one female; ages 61, 69, and 59), all suffering from a rectal cancer pelvic recurrence and diffuse metastases, had a stent inserted. Using fluoroscopic and endoscopic control, a metal guidewire was passed through the obstruction. A mild dilatation of the stenosis was carried out before positioning of the expandable metal stent.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The procedure was successful at the first attempt in all the patients, and stool evacuation was immediate. Patients complained of rectal tenesmus during the first 48 h, which was treated with nonsteroid anti-inflammatory drugs. However, there were no serious complications related to the procedure. Regular endoscopic and clinical follow-up were carried out. No patient had any evidence of recurrent obstruction.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In cases of inoperable rectal cancer recurrence, the placement of self-expanding metal stents is technically feasible and safe, and it avoids a permanent colostomy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Catholic University, L.go Agostino Gemelli, 8, 00168 Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Coco
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cogliandolo
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Riccioni
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ciletti
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Marino-Consentino
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Coppola
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Picciocchi
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000556:Ambulatory Surgical Procedures; D003125:Colostomy; D004724:Endoscopy / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007415:Intestinal Obstruction / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery*; D010166:Palliative Care; D011474:Prosthesis Design; D011788:Quality of Life; D012004:Rectal Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D015607:Stents