Characterization of Escherichia coli DNA lesions generated within J774 macrophages.
Macrophages are armed with multiple oxygen-dependent and -independent bactericidal properties. However, the respiratory burst, generating reactive oxygen species, is believed to be a major cause of bacterial killing. We exploited the susceptibility of Escherichia coli in macrophages to characterize the effects of the respiratory burst on intracellular bacteria. We show that E. coli strains recovered from J774 macrophages exhibit high rates of mutations. We report that the DNA damage generated inside macrophages includes DNA strand breaks and the modification 8-oxo-2'-deoxyguanosine, which are typical oxidative lesions. Interestingly, we found that under these conditions, early in the infection the majority of E. coli cells are viable but gene expression is inhibited. Our findings demonstrate that macrophages can cause severe DNA damage to intracellular bacteria. Our results also suggest that protection against the macrophage-induced DNA damage is an important component of the bacterial defense mechanism within macrophages.
Schlosser-Silverman
E
E
Department of Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel.
Elgrably-Weiss
M
M
Rosenshine
I
I
Kohen
R
R
Altuvia
S
S
D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D004249:DNA Damage; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000187:drug effects; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000494:pharmacology; D007763:Lac Operon; D008164:Luminescent Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis; D008262:Macrophage Activation; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000502:physiology*; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis; D016897:Respiratory Burst; D012475:Salmonella / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate / Q000494:pharmacology; D014162:Transfection
D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D008164:Luminescent Proteins; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate