title: Is routine ureteric stenting needed in kidney transplantation? A randomized trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Whether routine ureteric stenting in low-urological-risk patients reduces the risk of urological complications in kidney transplantation is not established.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eligible patients were recipients of single-organ renal transplants with normal lower urinary tracts. Patients were randomized intraoperatively to receive either routine stenting or stenting only in the event of technical difficulties with the anastomosis. All patients underwent Lich-Gregoire ureteroneocystostomy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Between June 1994 and December 1997, 331 kidney transplants were performed at a single center, 305 patients were eligible, and 280 patients were enrolled and randomized. Donor and recipient age, sex, donor source, whether first or subsequent grafts, ureteric length, native renal disease, and immunosuppression were similar in each group. In the no-routine-stenting group 6 of 137 patients (4.4%) received stents after randomization for intraoperative events that in the surgeon's opinion required use of a stent. In an intention-to-treat analysis there was no difference between groups in the primary outcome cluster of obstruction or leak [routine stenting 5 of 143 (3.5%) vs. no routine stenting 9 of 137 (6.6%); P=0.23], or in either of these complications analyzed separately. All urological complications were successfully managed without major morbidity. Living donor organs and shorter ureteric length (after trimming) were univariate risk factors for leaks, although increasing donor age was associated with obstruction.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Routine ureteric stenting is unnecessary in kidney transplantation in patients at low risk for urological complications. Careful surgical technique with selective stenting of problematic anastomoses yields similar results.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dominguez
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Clase
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mahalati
authors.forename: A S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: MacDonald
authors.forename: V C
authors.initials: VC
authors.lastname: McAlister
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Belitsky
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kiberd
authors.forename: J G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Lawen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003559:Cystostomy; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000276:immunology / Q000379:methods* / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D012086:Reoperation; D015607:Stents; D014513:Ureter / Q000601:surgery*; D014570:Urologic Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control
chemical_list: D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents