title: Endothelial dysfunction in men with small LDL particles.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  It is unknown whether LDL particle size is, independent of other lipids and lipoproteins, associated with endothelial dysfunction in vivo.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We determined in vivo endothelial function in 34 healthy men by measuring forearm blood flow responses to intrabrachial artery infusions of acetylcholine (ACh, an endothelium-dependent vasodilator) and sodium nitroprusside (an endothelium-independent vasodilator). LDL peak particle size was measured with gradient gel electrophoresis. Men with small LDL particles (LDL diameter </=25.5 nm, n=10) had a 39% lower blood flow response to ACh than men with large LDL particles (LDL diameter >25. 5 nm, n=24, blood flow 6.9+/-3.6 versus 11.4+/-5.1 mL/dL. min, P=0. 006). The groups had comparable LDL cholesterol concentrations (3. 9+/-0.6 versus 3.7+/-1.0 mmol/L, men with small versus large LDL particles), blood pressure, glucose concentrations, and body mass indexes. LDL size (r=0.45, P=0.01) but not HDL cholesterol (r=0.31, P=0.09) or triglycerides (r=-0.19, P=0.30) was significantly correlated with endothelium-dependent vasodilation. Serum triglyceride concentrations and LDL size were inversely correlated (r=-0.44, P=0.01). In multivariate regression analysis, LDL size was the only significant determinant of the ACh-induced increase in blood flow. Sodium nitroprusside-stimulated endothelium-independent vasodilation was similar in both groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Small LDL particles are associated with impaired in vivo endothelial function independent of HDL and LDL cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations. LDL size may therefore mediate adverse effects of hypertriglyceridemia on vascular function.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vakkilainen
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mäkimattila
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Seppälä-Lindroos
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vehkavaara
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lahdenperä
authors.forename: P H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Groop
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Taskinen
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yki-Järvinen
mesh_terms: D000109:Acetylcholine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D000328:Adult; D001808:Blood Vessels / Q000503:physiopathology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005542:Forearm / Q000098:blood supply; D006801:Humans; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009599:Nitroprusside / Q000494:pharmacology; D010316:Particle Size; D012039:Regional Blood Flow / Q000187:drug effects; D014655:Vascular Resistance; D014665:Vasodilator Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL; D014665:Vasodilator Agents; D009599:Nitroprusside; D000109:Acetylcholine