title: Members of the amylovora group of Erwinia are cellulolytic and possess genes homologous to the type II secretion pathway.
abstract: A cellulase-producing clone was isolated from a genomic library of the Erwinia rhapontici (Millard) Burkholder strain NCPPB2989. The corresponding gene, named celA, encodes an endoglucanase (EC 3.2.1.4) with the extremely low pH optimum of 3.4 and a temperature optimum between 40 and 50 degrees C. A single ORF of 999 nt was found to be responsible for the Cel activity. The corresponding protein, named CelA, showed 67% identity to the endoglucanase Y of E. chrysanthemi and 51.5% identity to the endoglucanase of Cellulomonas uda, and thus belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase family 8. The celA gene, or its homologue, was found to be present in all E. rhapontici isolates analysed, in E. chrysanthemi, and in E. amylovora. The presence of plant cell wall-degrading enzymes in the amylovora group of Erwinia spp. had not previously been established. Furthermore, the DNA of both E. rhapontici and E. amylovora was found to exhibit homology to genes encoding the type II (GSP) secretion pathway, which is known to be responsible for extracellular targeting of cellulases and pectinases in Erwinia spp. that cause soft rotting, such as E. carotovora and E. chrysanthemi. Secretion of the CelA protein by E. rhapontici could not be verified. However, the CelA protein itself was found to include the information necessary for heterologous secretion by E. chrysanthemi.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biosciences, Viikki Biocenter, University of Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Riekki
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Palomäki
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Virtaharju
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kokko
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Romantschuk
authors.forename: H T
authors.initials: HT
authors.lastname: Saarilahti
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D001483:Base Sequence; D002480:Cellulase / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D002482:Cellulose / Q000378:metabolism*; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D004885:Erwinia / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics*; D005798:Genes, Bacterial; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D013045:Species Specificity
chemical_list: D002482:Cellulose; C074775:CelA endoglucanase; D002480:Cellulase