title: Differential expression of the duffy antigen receptor for chemokines according to RBC age and FY genotype.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The Duffy (Fy) blood group (also known as Duffy antigen receptor for chemokines, or DARC) may be involved in regulation of the level of circulating proinflammatory chemokines, and it is an obligatory receptor on RBCs for the human malaria parasite Plasmodium vivax.
  
  
  METHODS
  Because quantification of Fy expression by using RBCs of various ages will not detect acute changes associated with inflammatory states, and because P. vivax exclusively invades reticulocytes, a flow cytometric method was developed to measure the level of surface expression of Fy. Reticulocytes and mature RBCs from persons with different genotypes (GATA-1 T-->C promoter mutation at nt -46; FY*A and FY*B in the ORF) were used.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Expression of the Fy6 epitope, which is required for P. vivax invasion, was 49 +/- 19 percent higher on reticulocytes than on mature RBCs, regardless of donor genotype (p<0.0001). Fy6 levels were approximately 50 percent lower in persons who were heterozygous for the GATA-1 promoter mutation and were significantly lower on reticulocytes and mature RBCs of the FY*B/FY*B genotype than on those of the FY*A/FY*A or FY*A/FY*B genotype.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Fy has greater expression on reticulocytes than on mature RBCs in flow cytometry. This method may be useful in further studies of this antigen, such as characterization of reticulocytes and RBC phenotypes across populations, in response to chemokine regulation, and in the context of susceptibility to P. vivax and other parasites.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Medicine and Pathology and the Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine and University Hospitals of Cleveland, Cleveland, Ohio, USA. ianwoolley@hotmail.com
authors.forename: I J
authors.initials: IJ
authors.lastname: Woolley
authors.forename: K A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Hotmire
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Sramkoski
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Zimmerman
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Kazura
mesh_terms: D000483:Alleles; D000953:Antigens, Protozoan; D044383:Black People / Q000235:genetics; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D004375:Duffy Blood-Group System / Q000235:genetics*; D004905:Erythrocyte Aging / Q000235:genetics*; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000502:physiology; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D015800:Protozoan Proteins; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000235:genetics*; D044465:White People / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: C473745:ACKR1 protein, human; D000953:Antigens, Protozoan; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D004375:Duffy Blood-Group System; C066001:Duffy antigen binding protein, Plasmodium; D015800:Protozoan Proteins; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface