title: Effects of estrogen replacement on the progression of coronary-artery atherosclerosis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Heart disease is a major cause of illness and death in women. To understand better the role of estrogen in the treatment and prevention of heart disease, more information is needed about its effects on coronary atherosclerosis and the extent to which concomitant progestin therapy may modify these effects.
  
  
  METHODS
  We randomly assigned a total of 309 women with angiographically verified coronary disease to receive 0.625 mg of conjugated estrogen per day, 0.625 mg of conjugated estrogen plus 2.5 mg of medroxyprogesterone acetate per day, or placebo. The women were followed for a mean (+/-SD) of 3.2+/-0.6 years. Base-line and follow-up coronary angiograms were analyzed by quantitative coronary angiography.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Estrogen and estrogen plus medroxyprogesterone acetate produced significant reductions in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels (9.4 percent and 16.5 percent, respectively) and significant increases in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels (18.8 percent and 14.2 percent, respectively); however, neither treatment altered the progression of coronary atherosclerosis. After adjustment for measurements at base line, the mean (+/-SE) minimal coronary-artery diameters at follow-up were 1.87+/-0.02 mm, 1.84+/-0.02 mm, and 1.87+/-0.02 mm in women assigned to estrogen, estrogen plus medroxyprogesterone acetate, and placebo, respectively. The differences between the values for the two active-treatment groups and the value for the placebo group were not significant. Analyses of several secondary angiographic outcomes and subgroups of women produced similar results. The rates of clinical cardiovascular events were also similar among the treatment groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Neither estrogen alone nor estrogen plus medroxyprogesterone acetate affected the progression of coronary atherosclerosis in women with established disease. These results suggest that such women should not use estrogen replacement with an expectation of cardiovascular benefit.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157-1045, USA.
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Herrington
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Reboussin
authors.forename: K B
authors.initials: KB
authors.lastname: Brosnihan
authors.forename: P C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Sharp
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Shumaker
authors.forename: T E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Snyder
authors.forename: C D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Furberg
authors.forename: G J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Kowalchuk
authors.forename: T D
authors.initials: TD
authors.lastname: Stuckey
authors.forename: W J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Rogers
authors.forename: D H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Givens
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Waters
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000401:mortality; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D017023:Coronary Angiography; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality / Q000503:physiopathology; D018450:Disease Progression; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D015914:Estrogen Replacement Therapy / Q000009:adverse effects; D004966:Estrogens, Conjugated (USP) / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D020249:Hormone Replacement Therapy / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans; D017258:Medroxyprogesterone Acetate / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008875:Middle Aged; D017698:Postmenopause; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D004966:Estrogens, Conjugated (USP); D014280:Triglycerides; D002784:Cholesterol; D017258:Medroxyprogesterone Acetate