The ATPase cycle of Hsp90 drives a molecular 'clamp' via transient dimerization of the N-terminal domains.
How the ATPase activity of Heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) is coupled to client protein activation remains obscure. Using truncation and missense mutants of Hsp90, we analysed the structural implications of its ATPase cycle. C-terminal truncation mutants lacking inherent dimerization displayed reduced ATPase activity, but dimerized in the presence of 5'-adenylamido-diphosphate (AMP-PNP), and AMP-PNP- promoted association of N-termini in intact Hsp90 dimers was demonstrated. Recruitment of p23/Sba1 to C-terminal truncation mutants also required AMP-PNP-dependent dimerization. The temperature- sensitive (ts) mutant T101I had normal ATP affinity but reduced ATPase activity and AMP-PNP-dependent N-terminal association, whereas the ts mutant T22I displayed enhanced ATPase activity and AMP-PNP-dependent N-terminal dimerization, indicating a close correlation between these properties. The locations of these residues suggest that the conformation of the 'lid' segment (residues 100-121) couples ATP binding to N-terminal association. Consistent with this, a mutation designed to favour 'lid' closure (A107N) substantially enhanced ATPase activity and N-terminal dimerization. These data show that Hsp90 has a molecular 'clamp' mechanism, similar to DNA gyrase and MutL, whose opening and closing by transient N-terminal dimerization are directly coupled to the ATPase cycle.
Prodromou
C
C
Section of Structural Biology, Institute of Cancer Research, Chester Beatty Laboratories, 237 Fulham Road, London SW3 6JB, UK.
Panaretou
B
B
Chohan
S
S
Siligardi
G
G
O'Brien
R
R
Ladbury
J E
JE
Roe
S M
SM
Piper
P W
PW
Pearl
L H
LH
D000251:Adenosine Triphosphatases / Q000378:metabolism*; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000378:metabolism; D000266:Adenylyl Imidodiphosphate / Q000378:metabolism; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D002942:Circular Dichroism; D003432:Cross-Linking Reagents / Q000494:pharmacology; D027081:DNA Gyrase; D004250:DNA Topoisomerases, Type II / Q000378:metabolism; D019281:Dimerization; D029968:Escherichia coli Proteins; D005656:Fungal Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D018841:HSP90 Heat-Shock Proteins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D007700:Kinetics; D008954:Models, Biological; D008958:Models, Molecular; D018832:Molecular Chaperones / Q000378:metabolism; D000070956:MutL Proteins; D016297:Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; D020125:Mutation, Missense; D010641:Phenotype; D010957:Plasmids / Q000378:metabolism; D011485:Protein Binding; D011487:Protein Conformation; D017433:Protein Structure, Secondary; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins; D013050:Spectrometry, Fluorescence; D013696:Temperature; D013997:Time Factors
D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D003432:Cross-Linking Reagents; D029968:Escherichia coli Proteins; D005656:Fungal Proteins; D018841:HSP90 Heat-Shock Proteins; D018832:Molecular Chaperones; C074770:MutL protein, E coli; C113025:SBA1 protein, S cerevisiae; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins; D000266:Adenylyl Imidodiphosphate; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; D000251:Adenosine Triphosphatases; D000070956:MutL Proteins; D027081:DNA Gyrase; D004250:DNA Topoisomerases, Type II