title: Hypertonic saline-dextran improves intestinal perfusion and survival in porcine endotoxin shock.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the effects of hypertonic (7.5%) saline-6% dextran 70 (HSD) and isotonic (0.9%) saline-6% dextran 70 (ISD) on cardiovascular function and intestinal perfusion in experimental endotoxin shock.
  
  
  METHODS
  Experimental, randomized, unblinded, interventional study.
  
  
  METHODS
  University experimental animal laboratory.
  
  
  METHODS
  Anesthetized and mechanically ventilated landrace pigs (n = 24).
  
  
  METHODS
  Induction of endotoxin (ET) shock by infusion of Escherichia coil lipopolysaccharide endotoxin (serotype 0111: B4) followed by no fluid treatment (control; C) or small-volume (4 mL/kg) treatment with HSD or ISD.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean arterial pressure, central venous pressure, pulmonary artery pressure, pulmonary artery occlusion pressure, cardiac output, portal vein blood flow, intestinal microcirculation, intramucosal (regional) P(CO2), intestinal-arterial gap of CO2, and intramucosal pH were monitored, and blood gases were analyzed. Infusion of ET resulted in hypokinetic shock, which in untreated animals led to cardiovascular deterioration and a survival rate of only 33% at 300 mins after start of ET infusion. ISD treatment transiently improved hemodynamic variables and mucosal blood flow but did not affect the survival rate vs. C. Significant beneficial, long-lasting effects of HSD infusion on hemodynamics, especially on mucosal blood flow and intramucosal pH, were demonstrable, resulting in a survival rate of 86%. The relative risk of death at 300 mins was 1.20 for ISD vs. C and 0.17 for HSD vs. C.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Small-volume HSD resuscitation is much more effective than ISD resuscitation. Variables that were improved include cardiac output, portal blood flow, and intestinal mucosal blood flow in ET shock, all of which improve survival. Such beneficial effects of HSD on splanchnic perfusion may be of value in treating critically ill septic patients in the intensive care unit.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborg, Sweden.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Oi
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Aneman
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Svensson
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ewert
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dahlqvist
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Haljamäe
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001784:Blood Gas Analysis; D003911:Dextrans / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D006982:Hypertonic Solutions; D007422:Intestines / Q000098:blood supply*; D007552:Isotonic Solutions; D008297:Male; D011897:Random Allocation; D012039:Regional Blood Flow; D012772:Shock, Septic / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy*; D012965:Sodium Chloride / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D013552:Swine
chemical_list: D003911:Dextrans; D006982:Hypertonic Solutions; D007552:Isotonic Solutions; C104375:hypertonic saline-dextran solution; D012965:Sodium Chloride