title: PHNO, a selective dopamine D2 receptor agonist, does not reduce prepulse inhibition of the startle reflex in rats.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Dopamine agonists nonselective for dopamine receptor subtypes, such as apomorphine, reduce prepulse inhibition of the startle reflex. It has been suggested that either D2 or D3 dopamine receptors mediate this action of apomorphine.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The present study investigated whether a selective D2 agonist with relatively low affinity for D3 receptors can reduce prepulse inhibition.
  
  
  METHODS
  Rats (n=48) were treated with vehicle or one of three doses ( 15, 30 or 60 microg/kg, s.c.) of the specific dopamine D2 receptor agonist (+)-4-propyl-9-hydroxynaphthoxazine (PHNO) for 11 days. On days 1, 6 and 11 of treatment, the rats (n=12 in each group) were tested for their acoustic startle reflexes (105-dB, 40-ms white noise) and for prepulse inhibition (5-kHz tone, 5 dB above a 65 dB background white noise). Prepulses were presented with a range of stimulus onset asynchronies (SOAs: 5-160 ms) or lead times between the onset of the prepulse and the onset of the startle stimulus. In a second experiment, two groups of rats (n=10 in each group) were tested in a similar manner after vehicle or apomorphine (0.8 mg/kg, s.c.) to verify the sensitivity of the present procedure to agonist-induced reductions in prepulse inhibition.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At doses that increased motor activity, PHNO increased prepulse inhibition at SOAs less than 80 ms and had no effect on prepulse inhibition at SOAs of 80 ms or above. However, all doses decreased startle amplitudes on trials in which only the startle-eliciting stimulus was presented. Apomorphine reduced prepulse inhibition under the same conditions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings with PHNO are in contrast to the less-specific D2 agonist, quinpirole, which has been reported to decrease prepulse inhibition. It is concluded that activation of D2 dopamine receptors alone is not sufficient to attenuate prepulse inhibition of the startle reflex.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia.
authors.forename: M T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Martin-Iverson
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Else
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D001058:Apomorphine / Q000494:pharmacology; D018491:Dopamine Agonists / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D010078:Oxazines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D017448:Receptors, Dopamine D2 / Q000378:metabolism*; D013216:Reflex, Startle / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D018491:Dopamine Agonists; D010078:Oxazines; D017448:Receptors, Dopamine D2; C042631:naxagolide; D001058:Apomorphine