title: Synthesis and anticonvulsant activity of novel and potent 6,7-methylenedioxyphthalazin-1(2H)-ones.
abstract: In this paper, we describe the synthesis of a series of novel substituted 4-aryl-6,7-methylenedioxyphthalazin-1(2H)-ones. The anticonvulsant activity of these compounds against audiogenic seizures was evaluated in DBA/2 mice after intraperitoneal (ip) injection. Most of these derivatives are more active than 1-(4-aminophenyl)-4-methyl-7,8-methylenedioxy-5H-2,3-benzodiazepine (1, GYKI 52466), a well-known noncompetitive AMPA receptor antagonist. As deduced by the rotarod test, all the compounds exhibit a toxicity lower than that of 1. Within the series of derivatives submitted to investigation, 4-(4-aminophenyl)-2-butylcarbamoyl-6,7-methylenedioxyphthalazin -1(2H)-one (21) proved to be the most active compound and is 11-fold more potent than 1 (i.e., ED50 3.25 micromol/kg for 21 versus ED50 35.8 micromol/kg for 1). When compared to 1, compound 21 as well as its analogue 4-(4-aminophenyl)-6,7-methylenedioxyphthalazin-1(2H)-one (16) show a longer lasting anticonvulsant activity. Compound 21 also effectively suppresses seizures induced in Swiss mice by maximal electroshock (MES) and pentylenetetrazole (PTZ). Furthermore, it antagonizes in vivo seizures induced by 2-amino-3-(3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazol-4-yl)propionic acid (AMPA), 2-amino-3-(3-hydroxy-5-tert-butyl-isoxazol-4-yl)propionic acid (ATPA), and kainate (KA), and its anticonvulsant activity is reversed by pretreatment with aniracetam. Using the patch-clamp technique, the capability of derivatives 16 and 21 to antagonize KA-evoked currents in primary cultures of granule neurons was tested. They behaved as antagonists, but they proved to be less effective than 1 and 1-(4-aminophenyl)-3,4-dihydro-4-methyl-3-N-methylcarbamoyl-7,8-met hylenedioxy-5H-2,3-benzodiazepine (2, GYKI 53655) to reduce the KA-evoked currents.
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento Farmaco-Chimico and Istituto di Farmacologia, Università di Messina, Italy. grasso@pharma.unime.it
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Grasso
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: De Sarro
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: De Sarro
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Micale
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zappalà
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Puja
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Baraldi
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: De Micheli
mesh_terms: D000161:Acoustic Stimulation; D000818:Animals; D000927:Anticonvulsants / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003292:Convulsants; D004353:Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; D004597:Electroshock; D018690:Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists; D007555:Isoxazoles; D007608:Kainic Acid; D051379:Mice; D008811:Mice, Inbred DBA; D009474:Neurons / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D018408:Patch-Clamp Techniques; D010433:Pentylenetetrazole; D010793:Phthalazines / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D011422:Propionates; D018091:Receptors, AMPA / Q000819:agonists; D018092:Kainic Acid Receptors / Q000819:agonists; D012640:Seizures / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D018350:alpha-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic Acid
chemical_list: D000927:Anticonvulsants; D003292:Convulsants; D018690:Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists; D007555:Isoxazoles; D007608:Kainic Acid; D010433:Pentylenetetrazole; D010793:Phthalazines; D011422:Propionates; D018091:Receptors, AMPA; D018092:Kainic Acid Receptors; D018350:alpha-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic Acid; C081662:alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-tert-butyl-4-isoxazolepropionate