title: Clonidine premedication decreases propofol consumption during bispectral index (BIS) monitored propofol-ketamine technique for office-based surgery.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Propofol-ketamine anesthesia is a room air, spontaneous ventilation (RASV), dissociative intravenous (IV) sedation technique reported to have a near-zero postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) rate. Clonidine premedication has been reported to control blood pressure intra- and postoperatively, as well as to reduce the requirements for hypnotic agents. The bispectral index (BIS) monitor is a reproducible, objective, observer independent, quantitative measurement of the hypnotic state.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study was designed to compare the propofol consumption rate during BIS monitored propofol-ketamine anesthesia for office-based, elective female facial rhytidectomy in patients with and without clonidine premedication.
  
  
  METHODS
  Six patients receiving clonidine (200 microg oral premedication administered 30-60 minutes prior to induction of anesthesia were compared with a recent, historical control group of six patients who received no premedication. A BIS of 60-70 was chosen as the standard of comparison for light hypnotic state. A dilute propofol solution was used to gradually titrate anesthesia to a BIS of 60-70 prior to the administration of ketamine.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A statistically significant reduction in propofol consumption was observed in the clonidine premedicated female elective rhytidectomy patients compared with those not receiving the clonidine. Other than modestly increased requirements for IV fluids, there were no adverse effects observed with clonidine premedication.
authors.affiliation: Clinical Instructor in Anesthesia, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA. narkose@home.com
authors.forename: B L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Friedberg
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Sigl
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000328:Adult; D000556:Ambulatory Surgical Procedures; D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D003000:Clonidine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007649:Ketamine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008875:Middle Aged; D011229:Preanesthetic Medication; D015742:Propofol / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D015361:Rhytidoplasty
chemical_list: D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D007649:Ketamine; D003000:Clonidine; D015742:Propofol