title: Pain and quality of life in patients with critical limb ischaemia: results of a randomized controlled multicentre study on the effect of spinal cord stimulation. ESES study group.
abstract: We carried out an assessment of pain and quality of life of patients with critical limb ischaemia during the follow-up of a multicentre randomized trial in more detail than previously reported. In a multicentre clinical trial 120 patients were randomized between medical treatment and medical treatment plus spinal cord stimulation. Patients were selected on the basis of clinical symptoms and macrocirculatory data as described in the European consensus document on critical limb ischaemia. Data were collected at intake and then 1, 3, 6, 12 and 18 months later. Primary outcome measures were limb salvage, pain relief and quality of life. Patient and limb survival was estimated with the Kaplan-Meier method. Pain was evaluated using the visual analogue scale (VAS), the McGill pain questionnaire, the pain score of the Nottingham Health Profile (NHP) and the use of analgesics. Quality of life was evaluated using the NHP, the EuroQol and mobility subscore of the Sickness Impact Profile. The 2-year limb survival was 52% for SCS treatment and 46% for standard treatment (p =0.47). Pain relief was considerable in both treatment strategies (p<0.005) with no significant differences between the strategies. The improvement occurred within the first few months and remained stable during further follow-up. Patients with SCS used fewer non-narcotic and narcotic drugs (p<0.001 at t=1 and t=3, p<0.002 at t=6). The overall scores of quality of life improved significantly (p<0.05), with no difference in score between treatments. The subscores of mobility and energy of the NHP in non-amputated patients was significantly better in the SCS group (p<0.005). Amputation had a negative effect on mobility, resulting in a difficult rehabilitation but relieved pain substantially (p<0. 05). In contrast to the existing literature, the randomized trial revealed no major difference in overall pain and quality of life assessment between treatment groups. The effect on energy and mobility was significantly better in patients treated with SCS, who also used substantially fewer analgesics.
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Neurosurgery, Academic Hospital, Maastricht, The Netherlands. gspi@snch.azm.nl
authors.forename: G H
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Spincemaille
authors.forename: H M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Klomp
authors.forename: E W
authors.initials: EW
authors.lastname: Steyerberg
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Habbema
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000671:Amputation, Surgical; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004599:Electric Stimulation Therapy; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007511:Ischemia / Q000150:complications* / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009020:Morphine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D009294:Narcotics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010146:Pain / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology; D010147:Pain Measurement; D011788:Quality of Life; D013116:Spinal Cord / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D009294:Narcotics; D009020:Morphine