title: Teaching critical appraisal during critical care fellowship training: a foundation for evidence-based critical care medicine.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether fellowship training in critical care medicine with critical appraisal exercises improves the ability and confidence of fellows to evaluate the medical literature.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective, interventional pilot study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Multidisciplinary critical care medicine training program at a large university hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fellows were given three didactic sessions covering study design, analysis, and critical appraisal techniques. During the course of the year, each fellow was required to review one article from the literature and present a critique of this article to the group and faculty (Journal Club). Fellows were guided in the preparation of this presentation by one of the critical care medicine faculty. Finally, a written analysis and critique of the article was performed by each fellow.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A test was given to each fellow at the beginning and end of the academic year. This test consisted of two pairs of articles on therapy for acute lung injury. For the pretest, each fellow was assigned, at random, one pair of articles. Fellows were given 1 hr to review both articles and to fill out a six-point test to assess their ability and confidence to appraise each article. At the end of the year, each fellow was tested on the opposite pair, the tests were graded in a blinded fashion and the results of each test were compared. Six fellows completed both pre- and posttests. These paired results were analyzed separately, whereas results for another six fellows were conducted as an unpaired analysis. Mean scores increased both for the paired analysis (4.1+/-0.7 vs. 5.1+/-0.5; p = .015) and for the unpaired analysis (4.3+/-0.6 vs. 5.0+/-0.5; p = .012). Self-reported confidence in critical appraisal also increased (2.5+/-0.5 vs. 3.9+/-0.7; p = .004 and 2.6+/-0.5 vs. 3.9+/-0.6; p < .001, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Critical appraisal exercises used in the training of critical care medicine fellows appear to improve both ability and confidence to appraise relevant medical literature.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA, USA.
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Kellum
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Rieker
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Power
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Powner
mesh_terms: D003422:Critical Care; D004503:Education, Medical, Graduate / Q000379:methods*; D019317:Evidence-Based Medicine; D005257:Fellowships and Scholarships; D006801:Humans; D010506:Periodicals as Topic; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011446:Prospective Studies; D014481:United States