title: Conditioned locomotor stimulant effects of cocaine in rats do not result from interference with habituation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Classical conditioning has been proposed to account for the hyperactivity observed in drug-free rats when placed in an environment previously paired with cocaine administration. However, an alternative explanation is that hyperactivity results from an inability of rats to habituate to the environment under the influence of cocaine.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  In this study, preconditioning exposure to the test environment was increased from one session (standard procedure) to seven (modified procedure) to test the "antihabituation" hypothesis.
  
  
  METHODS
  After preconditioning exposure, six conditioning sessions took place over a 10-day to 13-day period. Paired rats received 10 mg/kg cocaine i.p. prior to activity sessions and saline i.p. upon return to the colony room. Unpaired rats received saline prior to and cocaine after activity sessions. Time-off rats were withheld from the activity boxes, but were subject to all other procedures during conditioning. On the test day, all rats received saline prior to activity sessions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the standard procedure, paired rats exhibited significantly greater activity than unpaired rats on the test day, consistent with previous reports. In the modified procedure, mean activity (all rats) decreased between the first and last preconditioning sessions. Still, the paired group exhibited greater activity than the unpaired group on the test day, suggesting that a conditioned stimulant effect developed in habituated rats. Activity in the time-off group did not significantly differ from the unpaired group demonstrating the habituation had not dissipated over this time period.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results support the conclusion that hyperactivity observed on the test day was not a result of antihabituation effects of cocaine.
authors.affiliation: Psychopharmacology Laboratory, New York Harbor Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, NY 10010, USA.
authors.forename: J U
authors.initials: JU
authors.lastname: Adams
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Careri
authors.forename: T R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Efferen
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rotrosen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003042:Cocaine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003213:Conditioning, Psychological / Q000187:drug effects; D018765:Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D006185:Habituation, Psychophysiologic / Q000187:drug effects*; D008297:Male; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000187:drug effects*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley
chemical_list: D018765:Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors; D003042:Cocaine