title: Marked reduction of ventricular defibrillation threshold by application of an auxiliary shock to a catheter electrode in the left posterior coronary vein of dogs.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  For endocardial shocks near the defibrillation threshold (DFT), postshock activity originates from the lateral left ventricular apex, where the shock field is weak. This study tested the hypothesis that an auxiliary shock (AS) delivered between an electrode at this site and a superior vena cava (SVC) electrode before the primary endocardial shock (PS) would reduce the DFT.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In six pentobarbital-anesthetized dogs (26 to 36 kg), catheter electrodes were placed in the right ventricular (RV) apex and the SVC. To simulate transvenous introduction, a small electrode was inserted into the posterior cardiac vein using an epicardial approach. For dual shock treatments, AS (2-msec monophasic) was applied to the coronary vein electrode at different time intervals before a biphasic PS (4 msec/3 msec) to the RV-SVC electrodes. The mean DFT energy for dual shocks treatments were significantly reduced (P < 0.05) in comparison to the control treatment (no AS, 26.5+/-8.8 J). Mean DFT energy after 10 seconds of electrically induced ventricular fibrillation for dual shocks, in which AS and PS were separated by 1, 5, 10, and 20 msec, were 10.2+/-4.1 J, 10.9+/-5.5 J, 11.3+/-6.3 J, and 15.4+/-7.2 J, respectively. These values were all significantly lower than the PS alone (26.5+/-8.8 J).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Addition of an AS from the posterior cardiac vein before an endocardial PS reduces DFT energy by more than 50%. Such DFT reduction could improve therapeutic safety margin or permit reduction in volume of implantable cardioverter defibrillators.
authors.affiliation: Department of Therapy Research, Cardiac Rhythm Management (CRM) Group Guidant Corporation, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA.
authors.forename: B H
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Kenknight
authors.forename: R G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Walker
authors.forename: R E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Ideker
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002404:Catheterization; D003331:Coronary Vessels / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004056:Differential Threshold; D004285:Dogs; D004554:Electric Countershock; D004599:Electric Stimulation Therapy; D004566:Electrodes; D014680:Veins / Q000503:physiopathology; D014693:Ventricular Fibrillation / Q000628:therapy*