title: Netrin-G1: a novel glycosyl phosphatidylinositol-linked mammalian netrin that is functionally divergent from classical netrins.
abstract: UNC-6/netrins compose a small phylogenetically conserved family of proteins that act as axon guidance cues. With a signal sequence trap method, we isolated a cDNA encoding a novel member of the UNC-6/netrin family, which we named netrin-G1. Unlike classical netrins, netrin-G1 consists of at least six isoforms of which five were predominantly anchored to the plasma membrane via glycosyl phosphatidyl-inositol linkages. Netrin-G1 transcripts were first detected in midbrain and hindbrain regions by embryonic day 12 and reached highest levels at perinatal stages in various brain regions, including olfactory bulb mitral cells, thalamus, and deep cerebellar nuclei. Its expression was primarily restricted to the CNS. Interestingly, netrin-G1 proteins did not show appreciable affinity to any netrin receptor examined. Unlike netrin-1, a secreted form of netrin-G1 consistently failed to attract circumferentially growing axons from the cerebellar plate. Our findings suggest that netrin-G1 and its putative receptors have coevolved independently from the classical netrins. The expression pattern of netrin-G1 and its predicted neuronal membrane localization suggest it may also have novel signaling functions in nervous system development.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Behavioral Genetics, Brain Science Institute, RIKEN, Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakashiba
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ikeda
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nishimura
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tashiro
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Honjo
authors.forename: J G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Culotti
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Itohara
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001369:Axons / Q000502:physiology*; D001921:Brain / Q000502:physiology*; D002531:Cerebellum / Q000502:physiology; D002645:Chickens; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D017261:Glycosylphosphatidylinositols / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D000075386:Netrin Receptors; D000075385:Netrins; D009928:Organ Specificity; D043265:Phosphatidylinositol Diacylglycerol-Lyase; D011487:Protein Conformation; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000378:metabolism; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D010738:Type C Phospholipases / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D017261:Glycosylphosphatidylinositols; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D000075386:Netrin Receptors; D000075385:Netrins; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; C413653:netrin-G1; D010738:Type C Phospholipases; D043265:Phosphatidylinositol Diacylglycerol-Lyase