title: On the physics of the infant feeding bottle and middle ear sequela: ear disease in infants can be associated with bottle feeding.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  When using conventional feeding bottles, negative pressure is generated in the oral cavity, as well as, in the bottle when fluid is removed by sucking. The negative pressure inside the bottle causes the infant to suck excessively and the intraoral negative pressure may subsequently be transmitted to the middle ear via the eustachian tube.
  
  
  METHODS
  in seven infants, simultaneous pressure recordings were performed in the feeding vessel and the middle ear using three types of feeding bottles.
  
  
  RESULTS
  with conventional non-ventilated and under-ventilated bottles a negative pressure formed while the infant sucked and negative intratympanic pressure was frequently generated.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  it is suggested that this sequence of events may lead to secretory otitis and it's accompanying consequences. In contrast, a fully ventilated bottle showed positive pressure throughout the feeding procedure, which is similar to normal breast-feeding, and negative pressure changes were not recorded in the middle ear.
authors.affiliation: Mt. Zion Family Care Center, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, 1200 North State Highway 121, Mt. Zion, IL 62549 USA. ceb@fgi.net
authors.forename: C E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Magnuson
mesh_terms: D001903:Bottle Feeding / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000295:instrumentation; D004432:Ear, Middle / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D010033:Otitis Media / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D011312:Pressure; D013391:Sucking Behavior