title: Pentosanpolysulfate coating of silicone reduces encrustation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A significant problem associated with catheterization in the urinary tract is the encrustation of the catheter materials. One approach to reducing encrustation is to alter the surface properties of the catheters. We evaluated the effectiveness of coating with pentosanpolysulfate (PPS), a semisynthetic polysaccharide similar to heparin, in reducing encrustation and the foreign-body inflammatory response to silicone stents in the bladders of male New Zealand White rabbits.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixteen rabbits were divided into three groups to receive placement in their bladders of uncoated (N = 7), PPS-coated (N = 7), or sham matrix-processed silicone rings (N = 2) via open cystotomy. After 50 days of maintenance on normal food and water, all rabbits were sacrificed, and the air-dried, unfixed silicone ring surfaces were examined by scanning electron microscopy. Bladders and remaining silicone rings were removed and preserved separately. Silicone rings, cleaned of all encrustation, were stained with toluidene blue to determine the presence or absence of PPS coating on the surface.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Histologic examination revealed normal tissue in bladder sections exposed to coated silicone rings and an inflammatory response in sections from bladders having uncoated silicone rings. Coating with PPS was associated with an eightfold reduction in the amount of encrustation of silicone and a marked reduction in the inflammatory response of the bladder wall to the foreign body.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A PPS coating may be useful in reducing the encrustation of long-term indwelling silicone stents or catheters in the human urinary tract.
authors.affiliation: Division of Urology, University of California, San Diego, and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, USA. jpoehling@ucsd.edu
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Zupkas
authors.forename: C L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Parsons
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Percival
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Monga
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004867:Equipment Design; D005549:Foreign-Body Reaction / Q000517:prevention & control*; D007249:Inflammation; D008297:Male; D010426:Pentosan Sulfuric Polyester / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011817:Rabbits; D012828:Silicones; D015607:Stents / Q000009:adverse effects; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000473:pathology; D014546:Urinary Catheterization / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000295:instrumentation*
chemical_list: D000925:Anticoagulants; D012828:Silicones; D010426:Pentosan Sulfuric Polyester