title: Cerebral artery sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+) stores and contractility: changes with development.
abstract: To test the hypothesis that sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca(2+) stores play a key role in norepinephrine (NE)-induced contraction of fetal and adult cerebral arteries and that Ca(2+) stores change with development, we performed the following study. In main branch middle cerebral arteries (MCA) from near-term fetal ( approximately 140 days) and nonpregnant adult sheep, we measured NE-induced contraction and intracellular Ca(2+) concentration ([Ca(2+)](i)) in the absence and presence of different blockers. In adult MCA, after thapsigargin (10(-6) M), the NE-induced responses of tension and [Ca(2+)](i) were 37 +/- 5 and 47 +/- 7%, respectively, of control values (P < 0.01 for each). In the fetal artery, in contrast, this treatment resulted in no significant changes from control. When this was repeated in the absence of extracellular Ca(2+), adult MCA increases in tension and [Ca(2+)](i) were 32 +/- 5 and 13 +/- 3%, respectively, of control. Fetal cerebral arteries, however, showed essentially no response. Ryanodine (RYN, 3 x 10(-6) to 10(-5) M) resulted in increases in tension and [Ca(2+)](i) in both fetal and adult MCA similar to that seen with NE. For both adult and fetal MCA, the increased tension and [Ca(2+)](i) responses to RYN were essentially eliminated in the presence of zero extracellular Ca(2+). These findings provide evidence that in fetal MCA, in contrast to those in the adult, SR Ca(2+) stores are of less importance in NE-induced contraction, with such contraction being almost wholly dependent on Ca(2+) flux via plasma membrane L-type Ca(2+) channels. In addition, they suggest that in both adult and fetal MCA, the RYN receptor is coupled to the plasma membrane Ca(2+)-activated K(+) channel and/or L-type Ca(2+) channel.
authors.affiliation: Center for Perinatal Biology, Departments of Physiology/Pharmacology and Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California 92350, USA.
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Long
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: L D
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Longo
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000818:Animals; D002110:Caffeine / Q000494:pharmacology; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism*; D020746:Calcium Channels, L-Type / Q000502:physiology; D000252:Calcium-Transporting ATPases / Q000378:metabolism; D002560:Cerebrovascular Circulation / Q000502:physiology*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D007211:Indoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D020768:Middle Cerebral Artery / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000294:innervation / Q000378:metabolism*; D009131:Muscle, Smooth, Vascular / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D009638:Norepinephrine / Q000494:pharmacology; D010726:Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D011247:Pregnancy; D012433:Ryanodine / Q000494:pharmacology; D012519:Sarcoplasmic Reticulum / Q000201:enzymology*; D012756:Sheep; D013564:Sympathetic Nervous System / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D019284:Thapsigargin / Q000494:pharmacology; D014661:Vasoconstriction / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D014662:Vasoconstrictor Agents / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D020746:Calcium Channels, L-Type; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D007211:Indoles; D010726:Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors; D014662:Vasoconstrictor Agents; D012433:Ryanodine; D002110:Caffeine; D019284:Thapsigargin; D000252:Calcium-Transporting ATPases; D002118:Calcium; D009638:Norepinephrine; C000543:cyclopiazonic acid