title: Cloning of porcine intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and characterization of its induction on endothelial cells by cytokines.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The transplantation of pig organs into humans requires a detailed knowledge of similarities and differences between the two species in the molecular physiology of host defense mechanisms. We therefore set out to identify porcine intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1 and to characterize its expression by endothelial cells.
  
  
  METHODS
  Porcine ICAM-1 cDNA was isolated from an endothelial cell cDNA library. An anti-pig ICAM-1 monoclonal antibody was generated and used to investigate the regulation by cytokines of ICAM-1 expression by porcine aortic endothelial cells (PAEC), using flow cytometry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found that porcine ICAM-1 was similar in primary structure to human ICAM-1, with five Ig-like domains. COS-7 cells transfected with porcine ICAM-1 supported beta2 but not alpha4 integrin-dependent adhesion of human T lymphoblasts. There was a low-level surface expression of ICAM-1 on unstimulated PAEC and increased expression after stimulation with tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha. However expression of ICAM-1 seemed to be significantly lower than that of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, both on unstimulated and TNF-alpha-activated PAEC. Recombinant porcine interferon-gamma weakly stimulated ICAM-1 expression when incubated alone with PAEC but had an inhibitory effect on the increase in ICAM-1 due to TNF-alpha, both at 8 and 24 hr.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our observations confirm the existence of ICAM-1 in the pig and provide novel insights into how porcine and human endothelial cells differ in terms of adhesion molecule expression and cytokine responsiveness. Such differences are potentially important in interpreting models of inflammation in the pig and also in understanding the process of rejection of porcine xenografts.
authors.affiliation: British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Medicine Unit, National Heart and Lung Institute, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Stocker
authors.forename: K L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Sugars
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yarwood
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Delikouras
authors.forename: R I
authors.initials: RI
authors.lastname: Lechler
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dorling
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Landis
authors.forename: B J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Morley
authors.forename: D O
authors.initials: DO
authors.lastname: Haskard
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D019556:COS Cells; D002448:Cell Adhesion; D016207:Cytokines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D015723:Gene Library; D006801:Humans; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000494:pharmacology; D007378:Interleukins / Q000494:pharmacology; D007700:Kinetics; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000502:physiology; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D013552:Swine; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D014162:Transfection; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D007378:Interleukins; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1; D007371:Interferon-gamma