title: Pre-existent adenovirus antibody inhibits systemic toxicity and antitumor activity of CN706 in the nude mouse LNCaP xenograft model: implications and proposals for human therapy.
abstract: Pre-existent humoral antibody to adenovirus potentially confounds human clinical trials involving intravascular administration of adenovirus. Using the LNCaP prostate cancer xenograft model in BALB/c nu/nu mice and the prostate-specific attenuated replication-competent adenovirus (ARCATM) CN706, we developed an animal model that systematically controls both the dose of intravascularly administered adenovirus and the titer of the pre-existent anti-Ad5 antibody, and then measures the virus-induced toxicity as well as antitumor activity. We prepared hyperimmune sera to adenovirus in rabbits, passively injected the purified rabbit anti-Ad5 antibody into tumor-bearing mice, and established measurable humoral anti-Ad5 antibody titers. CN706 was intravenously injected into the tail vein of animals 24 hr after passive anti-Ad5 antibody administration. In the absence of pre-existent antibody, the lethal dose (LD100) for BALB/c nu/nu mice was 2.5x10(11) CN706 particles, whereas 1x10(11) CN706 particles was not lethal. However, in the presence of a 1:80 pre-existent titer of Ad5 neutralizing antibody (NAb), intravenous injection of 5x10(11) CN706 particles was no longer lethal. In addition, pre-existent antibody also prevented antitumor activity in a dose-dependent manner: 1x 10(11) CN706 particles prevented LNCaP xenograft tumor progression, but antitumor activity was eliminated by a pre-existent 1:80 NAb titer. These results led us to propose transient removal of pre-existent adenovirus antibody by immunoapheresis. An affinity column of cloned virus capsid proteins was constructed that was able to specifically remove adenovirus antibody from human clinical serum samples. A 5-min disposable immunoassay was also developed to monitor the level of pre-existent antibody in sera before and after immunoapheresis. Clinically, this approach may enable controlled clinical studies of intravenously administered adenovirus in patients with pre-existent anti-adenovirus antibody.
authors.affiliation: Calydon, Inc, Sunnyvale, CA 94089, USA.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: D C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Charlton
authors.forename: D R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Henderson
mesh_terms: D000260:Adenoviruses, Human / Q000276:immunology*; D000818:Animals; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D015316:Genetic Therapy / Q000379:methods; D005822:Genetic Vectors / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D008099:Liver / Q000276:immunology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008819:Mice, Nude; D009500:Neutralization Tests; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000276:immunology* / Q000821:virology; D011817:Rabbits; D014183:Transplantation, Heterologous; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D000914:Antibodies, Viral