title: The HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor simvastatin activates the protein kinase Akt and promotes angiogenesis in normocholesterolemic animals.
abstract: Recent studies suggest that statins can function to protect the vasculature in a manner that is independent of their lipid-lowering activity. We show here that statins rapidly activate the protein kinase Akt/PKB in endothelial cells. Accordingly, simvastatin enhanced phosphorylation of the endogenous Akt substrate endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), inhibited apoptosis and accelerated vascular structure formation in vitro in an Akt-dependent manner. Similar to vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) treatment, both simvastatin administration and enhanced Akt signaling in the endothelium promoted angiogenesis in ischemic limbs of normocholesterolemic rabbits. Therefore, activation of Akt represents a mechanism that can account for some of the beneficial side effects of statins, including the promotion of new blood vessel growth.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiovascular Research, St. Elizabeth's Medical Center of Boston, Massachusetts 02135, USA.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kureishi
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Shiojima
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bialik
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Fulton
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Lefer
authors.forename: W C
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Sessa
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Walsh
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood*; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D006614:Hindlimb / Q000098:blood supply; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D018919:Neovascularization, Physiologic / Q000187:drug effects*; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000378:metabolism; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000187:drug effects; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000187:drug effects*; D011817:Rabbits; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D019821:Simvastatin / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors; D002784:Cholesterol; D019821:Simvastatin; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases