title: Glomalean fungi from the Ordovician.
abstract: Fossilized fungal hyphae and spores from the Ordovician of Wisconsin (with an age of about 460 million years) strongly resemble modern arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (Glomales, Zygomycetes). These fossils indicate that Glomales-like fungi were present at a time when the land flora most likely only consisted of plants on the bryophytic level. Thus, these fungi may have played a crucial role in facilitating the colonization of land by plants, and the fossils support molecular estimates of fungal phylogeny that place the origin of the major groups of terrestrial fungi (Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, and Glomales) around 600 million years ago.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, 111 Koshland Hall, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA. redecker@nature.berkeley.edu
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Redecker
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kodner
authors.forename: L E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Graham
mesh_terms: D005075:Biological Evolution; D005580:Fossils; D005658:Fungi / Q000145:classification / Q000502:physiology*; D010802:Phylogeny; D010944:Plants / Q000382:microbiology; D013172:Spores, Fungal; D013559:Symbiosis; D014922:Wisconsin