title: Determination of the vaporization of solutions of mutagenic antineoplastic agents at 23 and 37 degrees C using a desiccator technique.
abstract: This study evaluated the ability of mutagenic antineoplastic agents to vaporize at room temperature (23 degrees C) and 37 degrees C. A bacterial mutagenicity assay was used to determine the mutagenicity of these agents in the vapor phase. Open plates of bacteria were exposed to varying amounts of drug solutions in sealed glass containers for 24h. The drug solutions were prepared as they would be for patient treatment and were tested at 0.25, 0.5 and 1.0 ml of each drug solution per 10 l of air. Following exposure, the plates exposed at 23 degrees C were incubated an additional 48 h at 37 degrees C to allow for expression of mutations. Those exposed at 37 degrees C were incubated for an additional 24h at 37 degrees C. Carmustine, cyclophosphamide, ifosfamide, thiotepa, and mustargen demonstrated vaporization at 37 degrees C. Carmustine and mustargen also demonstrated significant vaporization at 23 degrees C, while cyclophosphamide demonstrated a 50% increase in revertants at this temperature. In addition, sodium azide, a known mutagen used as a control was also mutagenic as a vapor at both temperatures. Doxorubicin, cisplatin, etoposide, 5-fluorouracil and mitomycin were not detected as vaporizing in this assay. The study found that vaporization of standard solutions of some antineoplastic agents is possible at room temperature and increases as the temperature increases. Therefore, vaporization of spilled antineoplastic agents may present an additional route of exposure to healthcare workers through inhalation.
authors.affiliation: Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Texas-Houston Health Science Center, School of Public Health, P.O. Box 20186, Houston, TX 77225, USA. tconnor@sph.uth.tmc.edu
authors.forename: T H
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Connor
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shults
authors.forename: M P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Fraser
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000633:toxicity; D002330:Carmustine / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity; D003520:Cyclophosphamide / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity; D003890:Desiccation; D009153:Mutagens / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000633:toxicity; D012996:Solutions; D013696:Temperature; D014835:Volatilization
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D009153:Mutagens; D012996:Solutions; D003520:Cyclophosphamide; D002330:Carmustine