title: Habitual snoring in an outpatient population in Japan.
abstract: In order to investigate the occurrence and history of sleep problems in Japan, the 11-Centre Collaborative Study on Sleep Problems (COSP) project was carried out. Complaints of snoring are examined, and its prevalence, risk factors and screening reliability are discussed. The subjects who participated in the study were 6445 new outpatients from a general hospital. They were asked to answer a sleep questionnaire that consisted of 34 items with seven demographic items; each item was composed of four grades of frequency. In order to offset possible seasonal variations in sleep habits, data were collected across four seasons. Sleep patterns, insomnia, hypersomnia, parasomnia and circadian rhythm sleep disorders were covered. Habitual snoring was seen in 16.0% of males and 6.5% of females. Male predominance was noted. From these data, the relationship between habitual snoring and sleep complaints was statistically analyzed. Habitual snorers (HS) were observed to wake up more frequently during sleep (17.8% of males, 21.5% of females) than were non-habitual snorers (NHS; 6.6% of males, 9.7% of females). Mid-sleep awakening of HS was also more frequent than it was for NHS; however, there were no differences in difficulty in falling asleep and early morning awakening. Body mass index, cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption were also correlated with habitual snoring.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University School of Medicine, Japan. kayuchan@med.nagoya-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kayukawa
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shirakawa
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hayakawa
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Imai
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Iwata
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ozaki
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ohta
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000553:Ambulatory Care; D015992:Body Mass Index; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008403:Mass Screening; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D012621:Seasons; D012737:Sex Factors; D012893:Sleep Wake Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D012907:Smoking; D012913:Snoring / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014851:Wakefulness / Q000502:physiology