title: Urokinase stimulates human vascular smooth muscle cell migration via a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-Tyk2 interaction.
abstract: Janus kinases Jak1 and Tyk2 play an important role in urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA)-dependent signaling. We have recently demonstrated that both kinases are associated with the uPA receptor (uPAR) and mediate uPA-induced activation of signal transducers and activators of transcription (Stat1, Stat2, and Stat4) in human vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC). Janus kinases are not only required for Stat activation but may also interfere with other intracellular signaling pathways. Here we report that in VSMC, Tyk2 interacts with a downstream signaling cascade involving phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3-K). We demonstrate that uPA induces PI3-K activation, which is abolished in VSMC expressing the dominant negative form of Tyk2. The regulatory subunit p85 of PI3-K co-immunoprecipitates with Tyk2 but not with Jak1, Jak2, or Jak3, and uPA stimulation increases the PI3-K activity in Tyk2 immunoprecipitates. Tyk2 directly binds to either of the two Src homology 2(SH2)p85 domains in a uPA-dependent fashion. We provide evidence that the Tyk2-mediated PI3-K activation in response to uPA is required for VSMC migration. Thus, two unrelated structurally distinct specific inhibitors of PI3-K, wortmannin and LY294002, prevent VSMC migration induced by uPA. No migratory effect of uPA was observed in VSMC expressing the dominant negative form of Tyk2. Our results underscore the versatile function of Tyk2 in uPA-related intracellular signaling and indicate that PI3-K plays a selective role in the regulation of VSMC migration.
authors.affiliation: Charité-Franz Volhard Clinic and Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Humboldt University Berlin, Wiltbergstrasse 50, 13125 Berlin-Buch, Germany.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kusch
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tkachuk
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Haller
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Dietz
authors.forename: D C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Gulba
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lipp
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Dumler
mesh_terms: D000730:Androstadienes / Q000494:pharmacology; D015152:Blotting, Northern; D002465:Cell Movement; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002633:Chemotaxis; D002867:Chromones / Q000494:pharmacology; D003599:Cytoskeleton; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D005799:Genes, Dominant; D005982:Glutathione Transferase / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D018715:Microscopy, Video; D009025:Morpholines / Q000494:pharmacology; D009131:Muscle, Smooth, Vascular / Q000166:cytology*; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D011233:Precipitin Tests; D011485:Protein Binding; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; D011506:Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D012313:RNA / Q000378:metabolism; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction; D053634:TYK2 Kinase; D013997:Time Factors; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D014443:Tyrosine / Q000378:metabolism; D014568:Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator / Q000378:metabolism*; D000077191:Wortmannin; D018909:src Homology Domains
chemical_list: D000730:Androstadienes; D002867:Chromones; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D009025:Morpholines; D011506:Proteins; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; C085911:2-(4-morpholinyl)-8-phenyl-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one; D014443:Tyrosine; D012313:RNA; D005982:Glutathione Transferase; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; D053634:TYK2 Kinase; C070139:TYK2 protein, human; D014568:Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator; D000077191:Wortmannin