title: Race-related differences among patients with left ventricular dysfunction: observations from a biracial angiographic cohort. Harlem-Bassett LP(A) Investigators.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study was designed to describe race-related differences in left ventricular function among a consecutive series of patients undergoing cardiac catheterization and to identify racial differences in coexistent medical and social conditions that are associated with the development of heart failure (HF).
  
  
  RESULTS
  This was a prospective cohort study conducted at 2 university-affiliated teaching hospitals. We used the database of the Harlem-Bassett Lp(a) Study. We included all black (N = 143) or white (N = 313) patients from the main study database for whom complete survey, laboratory, coronary angiographic, and ventriculographic data were available. "Left ventricular dysfunction" was arbitrarily defined as an ejection fraction < or =0.40 or prior pharmacologic treatment for HF. We found that blacks were younger, had a higher proportion of women, and had fewer years of formal education than their white counterparts. Coronary artery disease was less common among blacks, although this group had a higher prevalence of hypertension, diabetes, cigarette smoking, illicit drug use, and alcohol consumption. Black patients had a higher prevalence of previous treatment for HF, larger left ventricular volumes, and lower ejection fractions than white patients. Blacks with left ventricular dysfunction were more likely to have had a previous myocardial infarction or a history of hypertension compared with those without left ventricular dysfunction.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Regarding left ventricular dysfunction and HF, we conclude that blacks seem to have a much higher burden of disease than whites. Our observations support prior evidence that hypertension is linked to race-related differences in the epidemiology of HF. The interaction between race and access to quality care for HF remains an important area for future investigation.
authors.affiliation: Section of Heart Failure & Cardiac Transplantation, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, USA.
authors.forename: E F
authors.initials: EF
authors.lastname: Philbin
authors.forename: H F
authors.initials: HF
authors.lastname: Weil
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Francis
authors.forename: H J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Marx
authors.forename: P L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Jenkins
authors.forename: T A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Pearson
authors.forename: R G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Reed
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001741:Black or African American / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D044383:Black People; D017023:Coronary Angiography; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000150:complications / Q000208:ethnology; D017281:Cost of Illness; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000208:ethnology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000150:complications* / Q000208:ethnology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009518:New York / Q000453:epidemiology; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D013318:Stroke Volume; D018487:Ventricular Dysfunction, Left / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000208:ethnology / Q000503:physiopathology; D044465:White People / Q000706:statistics & numerical data