title: Arrest and detention in international travelers.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Our objective was to examine the characteristics of international travelers from Canada who have been arrested or detained while abroad, and to review the health implications of incarceration.
  
  
  METHODS
  An EpiInfo 6 program was created to analyse all of the Consular reports received in 1995 via the Secure Integrated Global Network (SIGNET) which provides communications and computerization services to the Department of Foreign Affairs and International Trade, Canada. The Consular Management and Operations System was designed to support the delivery of consular services by the Department, and to link Headquarters in Ottawa with missions in other countries through case management files, including a "Prisoners" file. Information obtained included personal demographics (age, gender), date, country, and reason for arrest or detention, and outcome of judicial process.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were 1, 086 arrest or detention reports received from Consular services via SIGNET in 1995. Males outnumbered females 5.6:1. Most individuals arrested were young: 57.5% were less than 40 years, and 79% were less than 50 years. Drug related charges were cited in 33.1% of all cases, with 52.8% of arrested females charged with drug related offenses. The documented conviction rate was 96%. The majority of detained Canadian travelers were held in countries within the Americas (791 cases - 69.2%), with 642 (59.1%) being detained in the USA.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Arrest and detention is an unusual occurrence for international travelers but relative youth, male gender, and female drug couriers were identifiable risk characteristics. Public awareness campaigns can be targeted to specific population demographics, but all international travelers need to be counseled on the consequences of transgressing laws in foreign countries.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: D W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: MacPherson
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Guérillot
authors.forename: D L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Streiner
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ahmed
authors.forename: B D
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Gushulak
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pardy
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002170:Canada / Q000453:epidemiology; D002648:Child; D003416:Criminal Law / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D007390:International Agencies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011329:Prisoners / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012737:Sex Factors; D014195:Travel / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*