title: A simple method to detect an albumin permeability factor in the idiopathic nephrotic syndrome.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Several investigators have detected an albumin permeability factor in the serum of patients with the idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (INS), that is, minimal change disease (MCD) or focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS), but the methods used have been complex.
  
  
  METHODS
  We describe here a simpler method using cultured rat glomerular epithelial cell monolayers grown to confluence on Millicell filters, which allow sampling of apical and basolateral media. 125I-labeled human serum albumin (125I-HSA) was added to the basolateral compartment, and its leakage across the epithelial cell monolayer into the apical compartment was measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In untreated cells (negative control), the albumin leakage reached 5.3% at 18 hours. Cell monolayers fixed with 95% ethanol (positive control) showed 62% leakage. Sera from three out of four patients with MCD and three out of four with FSGS resulted in considerable albumin leakage, whereas sera from nine patients with other types of nephrotic renal disease and five normal subjects caused no leakage.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study shows that the Millicell system provides a simple and useful method to screen for permeability factors in the INS.
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Cook County Hospital, Chicago, IL, USA.
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Pegoraro
authors.forename: A K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Arruda
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Dunea
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Bakir
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D001692:Biological Transport / Q000502:physiology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D015194:Diffusion Chambers, Culture / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D005923:Glomerulosclerosis, Focal Segmental / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007457:Iodine Radioisotopes; D007678:Kidney Glomerulus / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009404:Nephrotic Syndrome / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D012709:Serum Albumin / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*
chemical_list: D007457:Iodine Radioisotopes; D012709:Serum Albumin