title: Lack of association between maternal antibody and protection of African infants from malaria infection.
abstract: Maternally derived antibodies are believed to protect infants against infection, but there is little direct evidence for a protective role of passively acquired antibodies against malaria. A longitudinal study of malaria infection in 143 infants was conducted in a region of southern Ghana where Plasmodium falciparum is endemic. Infants born in the high-transmission season were less likely to become infected in the first 20 weeks of life than children born in the low-transmission season. Plasma, obtained at birth, was tested for immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgG subclasses to P. falciparum schizonts and recombinant circumsporozoite antigen, MSP-1(19), MSP-2, AMA-1, and Pf155 (also called ring-infected erythrocyte surface antigen). Antibody levels at birth were not associated with resistance to malaria infection. On the contrary, antibodies at birth were positively associated with infection, indicating that high levels of maternally derived antibodies represent a marker for intensity of exposure to malaria infection in infants. However, all five children who experienced high-density infections (>100 parasites/microl of blood) were seronegative for MSP-1(19) at the time of infection.
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom. eleanor.riley@lshtm.ac.uk
authors.forename: E M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Riley
authors.forename: G E
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Wagner
authors.forename: M F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Ofori
authors.forename: J G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Wheeler
authors.forename: B D
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Akanmori
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tetteh
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: McGuinness
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bennett
authors.forename: F K
authors.initials: FK
authors.lastname: Nkrumah
authors.forename: R F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Anders
authors.forename: K A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Koram
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000818:Animals; D000913:Antibodies, Protozoan / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D005869:Ghana / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D007112:Immunity, Maternally-Acquired; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000097:blood; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D016778:Malaria, Falciparum / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008875:Middle Aged; D010963:Plasmodium falciparum / Q000276:immunology*; D011247:Pregnancy; D015597:Pregnancy Complications, Parasitic / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000276:immunology* / Q000469:parasitology; D015995:Prevalence; D011446:Prospective Studies
chemical_list: D000913:Antibodies, Protozoan; D007074:Immunoglobulin G