title: Nucleocytoplasmic translocation of Stat1 is regulated by a leucine-rich export signal in the coiled-coil domain.
abstract: Signal transducer and activator of transcription (Stat) proteins are latent transcription factors that reside in the cytoplasm before activation. On cytokine-induced tyrosine phosphorylation, these molecules dimerize and accumulate transiently in the nucleus. No specific signals mediating these processes have been identified to date. In this report, we examine the nuclear export of Stat1. We find that treatment of cells with the export inhibitor leptomycin B does not affect steady-state localization of Stat1 but impedes nuclear export after IFNgamma-induced nuclear accumulation. We identify a conserved leucine-rich helical segment in the coiled-coil domain of Stat1, which is responsible for the efficient nuclear export of this protein. Mutation of two hallmark leucines within this segment greatly attenuate the back transport of Stat1 in the cytoplasm. When fused to a carrier protein, the Stat1 export sequence can mediate nuclear export after intranuclear microinjection. We show that prolonging the nuclear presence of Stat1 by inhibiting nuclear export reduces the transcriptional response to stimulation with IFNgamma. These data suggest that Stats are actively exported from the nucleus via several separate pathways and link this activity to transcriptional activation.
authors.affiliation: Nachwuchsgruppe Zelluläre Signalverarbeitung, Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie, and Freie Universität, Institut für Kristallographie, D-10315 Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Begitt
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Meyer
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: van Rossum
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Vinkemeier
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D001483:Base Sequence; D001692:Biological Transport; D002460:Cell Line; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000378:metabolism*; D017124:Conserved Sequence; D003593:Cytoplasm / Q000378:metabolism*; D017931:DNA Primers; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007930:Leucine / Q000378:metabolism*; D008958:Models, Molecular; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010766:Phosphorylation; D011487:Protein Conformation; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D050794:STAT1 Transcription Factor; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D015398:Signal Transduction; D015534:Trans-Activators / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D017931:DNA Primers; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D050794:STAT1 Transcription Factor; C494079:STAT1 protein, human; D015534:Trans-Activators; D007930:Leucine