title: MEK/ERK signaling pathway regulates the expression of Bcl-2, Bcl-X(L), and Mcl-1 and promotes survival of human pancreatic cancer cells.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Growth factors are well known for their participation in the regulation of cell proliferation and survival. However, the intracellular signaling pathways by which growth factors promote survival are still poorly understood. In the present study, using the MIA PaCa-2 cell line, a well-established model of pancreatic cancer cells, we analyzed the roles of ERK1/2 activities in the regulation of cell survival and investigated some of the mechanisms involved.
  
  
  METHODS
  The ability of the MEK inhibitor PD98059 to modulate survival of the MIA PaCa-2 cells was evaluated, and the responses were correlated with expression of Bcl-2 homologs and caspases 1, 3, 6, 8, and 9 activities.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Herein, we showed that inhibition of ERK1/2 activities caused (1) a G1 arrest; (2) a down-regulation of the expression levels of the anti-apoptotic homologs Bcl-2, Mcl-1, and Bcl-X(L) without affecting the pro-apoptotic levels of Bax and Bak; (3) a promotion of caspases 3, 6, 8, and 9 activities; (4) a stimulation of PARP cleavage; and (5) a programmed cell death by apoptosis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data suggest that activation of the ERK pathway functions to protect pancreatic tumor cells from apoptosis as well as to regulate their progression in the cell cycle.
authors.affiliation: Groupe du Conseil de Recherches Médicales sur le Développement Fonctionnel et la Physiopathologie du Tube Digestif, Département d'Anatomie et Biologie Cellulaire, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, J1H 5N4, Canada.
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Boucher
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Morisset
authors.forename: P H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Vachon
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Reed
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lainé
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Rivard
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D020169:Caspases / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D002470:Cell Survival; D003546:Cysteine Endopeptidases / Q000502:physiology; D015853:Cysteine Proteinase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016193:G1 Phase / Q000187:drug effects; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D048728:MAP Kinase Kinase Kinase 1; D020935:MAP Kinase Signaling System; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000502:physiology*; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000502:physiology*; D009097:Multienzyme Complexes / Q000502:physiology; D064549:Myeloid Cell Leukemia Sequence 1 Protein; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D011065:Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases / Q000378:metabolism; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases / Q000502:physiology; D046988:Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000502:physiology*; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D011725:Pyridines / Q000494:pharmacology; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured / Q000187:drug effects; D051020:bcl-X Protein
chemical_list: C494811:BCL2L1 protein, human; D015853:Cysteine Proteinase Inhibitors; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D005419:Flavonoids; D007093:Imidazoles; D009097:Multienzyme Complexes; D064549:Myeloid Cell Leukemia Sequence 1 Protein; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D011725:Pyridines; D051020:bcl-X Protein; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases; D011065:Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D048728:MAP Kinase Kinase Kinase 1; C482576:MAP3K1 protein, human; D020169:Caspases; D003546:Cysteine Endopeptidases; D046988:Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex; C093642:SB 203580; C093973:2-(2-amino-3-methoxyphenyl)-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one