title: Bleeding and spontaneous abortion after therapy for infertility.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the incidence of early-pregnancy bleeding and spontaneous abortion (SAB) after various treatments for infertility and to assess whether bleeding is predictive of SAB.
  
  
  METHODS
  An historic cohort study of women who conceived after various treatments.
  
  
  METHODS
  Hospital-based private practice.
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied 418 patients in whom 500 consecutive clinical pregnancies occurred.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients were grouped according to the method of conception: ovulation induction, IVF, and other. The latter category included interventions not requiring ovulation induction, such as surgery and insemination. A fourth group of subjects who conceived independently of treatment was used as the control.
  
  
  METHODS
  Bleeding and pregnancy outcome (SAB, ectopic pregnancy, or ongoing pregnancy).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Rates of SAB did not differ among the treatment groups. SAB occurred significantly more often after bleeding than when bleeding did not occur (30.8% versus 19.8%, respectively). Bleeding was predictive of SAB only in patients <35 years old (odds ratio 2.4).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Infertile women who conceive after reproductive therapy are not at increased risk for SAB compared with women who conceive naturally. There appears to be no association between previous diagnosis or treatment and the occurrence of SAB in previously infertile women. Bleeding is associated with a twofold relative risk of SAB.
authors.affiliation: Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Maimonides Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York 11219, USA.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Pezeshki
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Feldman
authors.forename: D E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Stein
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Lobel
authors.forename: R V
authors.initials: RV
authors.lastname: Grazi
mesh_terms: D000022:Abortion, Spontaneous / Q000209:etiology*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D016208:Databases, Factual; D005260:Female; D005307:Fertilization in Vitro; D006801:Humans; D007247:Infertility, Female / Q000150:complications / Q000628:therapy*; D010062:Ovulation Induction; D011247:Pregnancy; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014592:Uterine Hemorrhage / Q000150:complications*