title: Evaluation of lower extremity overuse injury potential in runners.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The purpose of this study was to identify biomechanical and anthropometric variables that contribute to overuse injuries in runners.
  
  
  METHODS
  Comparisons were made between a group of runners who had sustained at least one overuse running injury and a group of runners who had been injury free throughout their running careers. Groups were well matched in important training variables. Synchronized kinetic and rearfoot kinematic variables of both feet were collected by filming subjects running over a force platform at a speed of 4 m x s(-1).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The injury-free group demonstrated significantly greater posterior thigh (hamstring) flexibility, as measured by a standard sit and reach test. This was the only anthropometric variable in which the groups differed. Within each group, there were no significant differences between left and right foot landing for any biomechanical variable. Biomechanical variables that demonstrated significantly lower values for the injury free group were the vertical force impact peak and the maximal vertical loading rate, with the maximal rate of rearfoot pronation and the touchdown supination angle showing a trend toward being greater in the injury free group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that runners who have developed stride patterns that incorporate relatively low levels of impact forces, and a moderately rapid rate of pronation are at a reduced risk of incurring overuse running injuries.
authors.affiliation: Kinesiology and Health Science Department, California State University, Sacramento, USA. ahreljac@hhs4.hhs.csus.edu
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hreljac
authors.forename: R N
authors.initials: RN
authors.lastname: Marshall
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Hume
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000886:Anthropometry; D001265:Athletic Injuries / Q000517:prevention & control*; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D005260:Female; D005528:Foot / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000502:physiology*; D005684:Gait; D006801:Humans; D007700:Kinetics; D008297:Male; D012307:Risk Factors; D012420:Running / Q000293:injuries*