title: Man in extreme environments.
abstract: Humans have demonstrated the ability to live and work in many adverse environments. Many examples demonstrate that our understanding of humans ability to adapt to extreme environments is limited, but it is reasonable to assume that the main problems in space exploration will be psychological and social. It is argued that polar expeditions of an earlier age are a better model for space exploration than confinement studies or Antarctic overwintering. Some aspects of the reason for the success of these expeditions are discussed and the lessons that can be used are pointed out.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Medical Faculty, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim.
authors.forename: A O
authors.initials: AO
authors.lastname: Brubakk
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological; D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000337:Aerospace Medicine; D000864:Antarctic Regions; D004777:Environment; D006801:Humans; D012934:Social Isolation