title: Nociceptive neuroendocrine negative feedback control of neurogenic inflammation activated by capsaicin in the rat paw: role of the adrenal medulla.
abstract: Recently we have found that inhibition of bradykinin-induced synovial plasma extravasation by transcutaneous electrical stimulation at strengths which excite unmyelinated afferent axons is mediated by the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis. Here we tested whether stimulation of nociceptors in the rat paw by intradermally injected capsaicin inhibits bradykinin-induced synovial plasma extravasation and whether this inhibition is mediated by the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal or sympatho-adrenal axis. Furthermore, we tested whether inhibition of bradykinin-induced plasma extravasation generated by intraperitoneally injected capsaicin, which preferentially excites visceral afferents, is mediated by the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal or sympatho-adrenal axis. We used normal rats, subdiaphragmatically vagotomized rats, rats with denervated adrenal medullae and rats with acutely transected spinal cords at the segmental levels T1/T2 or T12/L1. Injection of capsaicin into the plantar or palmar surface of the paws produced a depression of bradykinin-induced plasma extravasation. The inhibition elicited from the forepaw was larger than that from the hindpaw. The inhibition of bradykinin-induced plasma extravasation elicited from both paws was potentiated by subdiaphragmatic vagotomy. Denervation of the adrenal medullae abolished the inhibitory effect of intradermal capsaicin in vagus-intact and in vagotomized animals. After spinalization at the segmental level T1/T2, capsaicin injected into the forepaw did not depress bradykinin-induced plasma extravasation either in vagus-intact or in vagotomized animals. Capsaicin injected into the hindpaw in these spinalized animals produced a small depression. After spinalization at the segmental level T12/L1 no depression was produced by capsaicin injected into the hindpaw. Depression of bradykinin-induced plasma extravasation generated by intraperitoneal injection of capsaicin in vagus-intact and in vagotomized animals was also abolished or attenuated after denervation of the adrenal medullae. This shows that this depression was also largely dependent on the activation of the sympatho-adrenal system. We conclude that depression of bradykinin-induced plasma extravasation during stimulation of nociceptors by capsaicin is mediated predominantly by the sympathoadrenal pathway. This finding differs from the inhibitory mechanism of depression of bradykinin-induced plasma extravasation generated by cutaneous electrical stimulation, which is mediated by the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis.
authors.affiliation: NIH Pain Centre, University of California at San Francisco, CA 94143-0440, USA. fjmiao@itsa.ucsf.edu
authors.forename: F J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Miao
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Janig
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Levine
mesh_terms: D000313:Adrenal Medulla / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D000818:Animals; D001920:Bradykinin / Q000494:pharmacology; D002199:Capillary Permeability / Q000187:drug effects; D002211:Capsaicin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003714:Denervation; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D005246:Feedback / Q000502:physiology; D006614:Hindlimb / Q000294:innervation / Q000502:physiology; D007030:Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D007249:Inflammation / Q000503:physiopathology*; D007596:Joints / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D009475:Neurons, Afferent / Q000187:drug effects; D009490:Neurosecretory Systems / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D009619:Nociceptors / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013116:Spinal Cord / Q000502:physiology; D013582:Synovial Fluid / Q000378:metabolism; D014628:Vagotomy
chemical_list: D002211:Capsaicin; D001920:Bradykinin