title: Early and late intracortical inhibition in juvenile myoclonic epilepsy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We investigated 15 patients with juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME) by subjecting them to single and paired transcranial magnetic stimulation to test the hypothesis that motor cortical inhibition may be abnormal in this form of benign epilepsy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Different conditioning paradigms of paired transcranial magnetic stimulation were used with interstimulus intervals (ISIs) of varying lengths (1 to 400 milliseconds) to investigate changes in balance between excitatory and inhibitory intracortical circuits.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Motor evoked potential (MEP) inhibition at ISIs of 1 to 4 milliseconds was significantly lower in JME patients than in age-matched healthy controls (p < 0.001), whereas no significant differences in MEP inhibition were noted at long ISIs (100 to 150 milliseconds). This pattern was observed in both hemispheres in seven of seven patients studied bilaterally and was present in both treated and untreated patients. There were no group differences between JME patients and controls in intracortical facilitation, motor threshold, MEP amplitude, and cortical silent period.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We documented a different pattern of MEP inhibition in JME patients, suggesting impaired functioning of inhibitory interneuronal circuits, which may account for the hyperexcitability of the motor system in this form of epilepsy.
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze Neurologiche e della Visione, University of Verona, Italy.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Manganotti
authors.forename: L G
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Bongiovanni
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zanette
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fiaschi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004831:Epilepsies, Myoclonic / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology; D005071:Evoked Potentials / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008280:Magnetics; D008297:Male; D009044:Motor Cortex / Q000502:physiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D009433:Neural Inhibition / Q000502:physiology*; D009434:Neural Pathways / Q000502:physiology; D005680:gamma-Aminobutyric Acid / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D005680:gamma-Aminobutyric Acid