title: An automatic virtual patient reconstruction from CT-scans for hepatic surgical planning.
abstract: PROBLEM/BACKGROUND: In order to help hepatic surgical planning we perfected automatic 3D reconstruction of patients from conventional CT-scan, and interactive visualization and virtual resection tools.
  
  
  METHODS
  From a conventional abdominal CT-scan, we have developed several methods allowing the automatic 3D reconstruction of skin, bones, kidneys, lung, liver, hepatic lesions, and vessels. These methods are based on deformable modeling or thresholding algorithms followed by the application of mathematical morphological operators. From these anatomical and pathological models, we have developed a new framework for translating anatomical knowledge into geometrical and topological constraints. More precisely, our approach allows to automatically delineate the hepatic and portal veins but also to label the portal vein and finally to build an anatomical segmentation of the liver based on Couinaud definition which is currently used by surgeons all over the world. Finally, we have developed a user friendly interface for the 3D visualization of anatomical and pathological structures, the accurate evaluation of volumes and distances and for the virtual hepatic resection along a user-defined cutting plane.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A validation study on a 30 patients database gives 2 mm of precision for liver delineation and less than 1 mm for all other anatomical and pathological structures delineation. An in vivo validation performed during surgery also showed that anatomical segmentation is more precise than the delineation performed by a surgeon based on external landmarks. This surgery planning system has been routinely used by our medical partner, and this has resulted in an improvement of the planning and performance of hepatic surgery procedures.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We have developed new tools for hepatic surgical planning allowing a better surgery through an automatic delineation and visualization of anatomical and pathological structures. These tools represent a first step towards the development of an augmented reality system combined with computer assisted tele-robotical surgery.
authors.affiliation: IRCAD Strasbourg, France.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Soler
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Delingette
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Malandain
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ayache
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Koehl
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Clément
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Dourthe
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Marescaux
mesh_terms: D003196:Computer Graphics; D003198:Computer Simulation; D006498:Hepatectomy; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008107:Liver Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D014584:User-Computer Interface