title: Effect of vitamin K2 on three-dimensional trabecular microarchitecture in ovariectomized rats.
abstract: Menatetrenone, a vitamin K2 with four isoprene units, has been reported to improve osteoporotic bone loss. The purpose of this investigation was to clarify the effect of menatetrenone on the three-dimensional (3D) trabecular microarchitecture in ovariectomized (OVX) rats by using microcomputed tomography (MCT). Forty-two 13-week-old female rats were used and divided into four groups: the OVX (OVX + MK-4) group treated with menatetrenone, the (OVX untreated) group, the sham-operated (Sham + MK-4) group treated with menatetrenone, and the sham-operated group not treated with menatetrenone (Sham untreated) group. OVX rats were fed a calcium-deficient diet. Menatetrenone treatment was begun just after the ovariectomy, and the mean menatetrenone oral intake over the 8-week period was adjusted to 30 mg/kg BW per day. The proximal metaphyseal region of the right tibia was evaluated by dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and MCT. A parametric analysis of the reconstructed trabecular volume was carried out using bone volume fractions, the fractal dimension calculated by the 3D box-counting method, and the connectivity density as determined by topological analysis. Menatetrenone significantly increased the trabecular bone volume, fractal dimension, and connectivity in the OVX + MK-4 group compared with the OVX-untreated group (p < 0.01). Our results suggest that an 8-week administration of menatetrenone protects against the loss of trabecular bone volume and its connectivity when treatment is begun just after the ovariectomy. Despite this apparent protection, it remains unknown whether it is possible to reestablish trabecular connectivity if therapeutic intervention occurs after the trabecular connectivity has been lost.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mawatari
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Miura
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Higaki
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Moro-Oka
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kurata
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Murakami
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Iwamoto
mesh_terms: D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000097:blood; D000818:Animals; D000886:Anthropometry; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D015519:Bone Density / Q000187:drug effects; D002118:Calcium / Q000097:blood / Q000172:deficiency; D003198:Computer Simulation; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015663:Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology*; D010052:Ovariectomy; D051381:Rats; D011916:Rats, Inbred F344; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013977:Tibia / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D014812:Vitamin K / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D024482:Vitamin K 2 / Q000031:analogs & derivatives
chemical_list: D024482:Vitamin K 2; D014812:Vitamin K; C030814:menatetrenone; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase; D002118:Calcium