title: Assessment and discrimination of odor stimuli in rat olfactory bulb by dynamic functional MRI.
abstract: Dynamic blood oxygenation level-dependent functional MRI was applied at 7 T in the rat olfactory bulb (OB) with pulsed delivery of iso-amyl acetate (IAA) and limonene. Acquisition times for single-slice and whole OB data were 8 and 32 s, respectively, with spatial resolution of 220 x 220 x 250 micrometer. On an intrasubject basis, short IAA exposures of 0.6 min separated by 3.5-min intervals induced reproducible spatial activity patterns (SAPs) in the olfactory nerve layer, glomerular layer, and external plexiform layer. During long exposures ( approximately 10 min), the initially dominant dorsal SAPs declined in intensity and area, whereas in some OB regions, the initially weak ventral/lateral SAPs increased first and then decreased. The SAPs of different concentrations were topologically similar, which implies that whereas an odor at various concentrations activates the same subsets of receptor cells, different concentrations are assessed and discriminated by variable magnitudes of laminarspecific activations. IAA and limonene reproducibly activated different subsets of receptor cells with some overlaps. Whereas qualitative topographical agreement was observed with results from other methods, the current dynamic blood oxygenation level-dependent functional MRI results can provide quantitative SAPs of the entire OB.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Diagnostic Radiology, Neurology, and Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA. fuqiangxu@hotmail.com
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kida
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Hyder
authors.forename: R G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Shulman
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D009812:Odorants; D009830:Olfactory Bulb / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000502:physiology*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012903:Smell / Q000502:physiology*