title: Consequences of long-term feeding with condensed tannins on sheep parasitised with Trichostrongylus colubriformis.
abstract: Naive wethers were used to investigate the long-term effects of dietary condensed tannins from Quebracho extract, during an intestinal parasitic infection in sheep. Sheep were allocated to eight groups; seven groups were daily infected with 3000 L(3) Trichostrongylus colubriformis for 10 weeks and the eighth group was the uninfected control. The 10-week experiment was divided into two periods; Period 1 (P(1), week 1-5) corresponded to high worm establishment and acquisition of immunity, whereas Period 2 (P(2), week 6-10) to the established worm population and expression of host immunity. Three experimental foods with similar composition were formulated: Q0, Q3 and Q6. Their difference was in the content of Quebracho extract which was 0, 30 and 60 g per kg fresh matter, respectively. All foods were offered at an allowance of 3.5% of sheep liveweight. During P(1), parasitised sheep were offered one of the three experimental foods and during P(2) they either remained on the same food or changed food according to the design (P(1)-P(2)): Q0-Q0, Q0-Q3, Q0-Q6, Q3-Q0, Q3-Q3, Q6-Q0, Q6-Q6. Control sheep were offered the allowance of Q0 throughout. Sheep that consumed Q3 and Q6 reduced their faecal egg counts (FEC) compared to sheep offered Q0, during both periods (P<0.05). No differences were observed in the FEC between sheep offered Q3 and Q6. The changeover from Q0 in P(1) to either Q3 or Q6 during P(2), was accompanied by a reduction in FEC (P<0.05), whereas an increase in FEC was observed when food changed from Q3 or Q6 to Q0 (P<0.05). Worm burdens and fecundity at the end of the experiment were reduced in sheep offered foods Q3 and Q6 compared to sheep offered Q0. A significant decrease in liveweight gain and in food conversion efficiency of parasitised sheep offered Q3 and Q6 compared to sheep offered Q0, was observed in P(1) (P<0.05) but not in P(2). By the end of the experiment control sheep had achieved higher liveweight and converted food more efficiently than parasitised sheep (P<0.05). In conclusion, evidence for a long-term effect of Quebracho extract, during both the initial establishment and on the established T. colubriformis population in sheep, was provided by the present study. It is suggested that the effect observed was a direct anthelmintic effect of the condensed tannins included in sheep diets.
authors.affiliation: Animal Nutrition and Health Department, Animal Biology Division, Scottish Agricultural College, West Mains Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3JG, UK. s.athanasiadou@ed.sac.ac.uk
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Athanasiadou
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kyriazakis
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Jackson
authors.forename: R L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Coop
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed; D000818:Animals; D001798:Blood Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D002118:Calcium / Q000097:blood; D005243:Feces / Q000469:parasitology; D007421:Intestine, Small / Q000469:parasitology; D008297:Male; D010270:Parasite Egg Count / Q000662:veterinary; D010758:Phosphorus / Q000097:blood; D011897:Random Allocation; D012709:Serum Albumin / Q000032:analysis; D012756:Sheep; D012757:Sheep Diseases / Q000469:parasitology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D013634:Tannins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014253:Trichostrongylosis / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000662:veterinary*; D014254:Trichostrongylus / Q000187:drug effects*; D014508:Urea / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D001798:Blood Proteins; D012709:Serum Albumin; D013634:Tannins; D010758:Phosphorus; D014508:Urea; D002118:Calcium