title: The orthopaedic surgeon and industry. Ethics and industry incentives.
abstract: Physicians may receive various gifts and incentives from companies that make pharmaceuticals and medical devices. Although such incentives may benefit patients and physicians, they often pose serious conflicts of interest that violate a physician's professional responsibility. The physician-patient relationship is predicated on the physician acting in the best interest of the patient. The application of medical knowledge to complex clinical circumstances is difficult, even without biased sources of information and internal conflicts attributable to financial incentives. Yet, industry resources often are dedicated to the dissemination of information and incentives aimed to influence decisions not necessarily aimed at the goals of the patient. Physicians often are unaware of the nature of the incentives and commonly deny their demonstrated impact. Any incentive that is designed to impede, rather than enhance, the clinician's ability to make optimal patient care decisions is unethical for a physician to accept. These incentives should play no role in the practice of orthopaedic surgery.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, UCLA School of Medicine 90095-1736, USA.
authors.forename: N S
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Wenger
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Lieberman
mesh_terms: D004992:Ethics, Medical; D006801:Humans; D009985:Orthopedics; D010816:Physician Incentive Plans; D010817:Physician-Patient Relations