title: Treatment of dysthymia and minor depression in primary care: A randomized controlled trial in older adults.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Insufficient evidence exists for recommendation of specific effective treatments for older primary care patients with minor depression or dysthymia.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To compare the effectiveness of pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy in primary care settings among older persons with minor depression or dysthymia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomized, placebo-controlled trial (November 1995-August 1998).
  
  
  METHODS
  Four geographically and clinically diverse primary care practices.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 415 primary care patients (mean age, 71 years) with minor depression (n = 204) or dysthymia (n = 211) and a Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) score of at least 10 were randomized; 311 (74.9%) completed all study visits.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients were randomly assigned to receive paroxetine (n = 137) or placebo (n = 140), starting at 10 mg/d and titrated to a maximum of 40 mg/d, or problem-solving treatment-primary care (PST-PC; n = 138). For the paroxetine and placebo groups, the 6 visits over 11 weeks included general support and symptom and adverse effects monitoring; for the PST-PC group, visits were for psychotherapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Depressive symptoms, by the 20-item Hopkins Symptom Checklist Depression Scale (HSCL-D-20) and the HDRS; and functional status, by the Medical Outcomes Study Short-Form 36 (SF-36) physical and mental components.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Paroxetine patients showed greater (difference in mean [SE] 11-week change in HSCL-D-20 scores, 0.21 [0. 07]; P =.004) symptom resolution than placebo patients. Patients treated with PST-PC did not show more improvement than placebo (difference in mean [SE] change in HSCL-D-20 scores, 0.11 [0.13]; P =.13), but their symptoms improved more rapidly than those of placebo patients during the latter treatment weeks (P =.01). For dysthymia, paroxetine improved mental health functioning vs placebo among patients whose baseline functioning was high (difference in mean [SE] change in SF-36 mental component scores, 5.8 [2.02]; P =. 01) or intermediate (difference in mean [SE] change in SF-36 mental component scores, 4.4 [1.74]; P =.03). Mental health functioning in dysthymia patients was not significantly improved by PST-PC compared with placebo (P>/=.12 for low-, intermediate-, and high-functioning groups). For minor depression, both paroxetine and PST-PC improved mental health functioning in patients in the lowest tertile of baseline functioning (difference vs placebo in mean [SE] change in SF-36 mental component scores, 4.7 [2.03] for those taking paroxetine; 4.7 [1.96] for the PST-PC treatment; P =.02 vs placebo).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Paroxetine showed moderate benefit for depressive symptoms and mental health function in elderly patients with dysthymia and more severely impaired elderly patients with minor depression. The benefits of PST-PC were smaller, had slower onset, and were more subject to site differences than those of paroxetine.
authors.affiliation: Ambulatory Care (11C-6), 7400 Merton Minter Blvd, San Antonio, TX 78284, USA. jwilliam@verdict.uthscsa.edu
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Barrett
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Oxman
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Frank
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Katon
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sullivan
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cornell
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sengupta
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D018687:Antidepressive Agents, Second-Generation / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003863:Depression / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000628:therapy*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D019263:Dysthymic Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000628:therapy*; D005194:Family Practice; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D017374:Paroxetine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011581:Psychological Tests; D011613:Psychotherapy; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D018687:Antidepressive Agents, Second-Generation; D017374:Paroxetine