title: Metastatic renal cell carcinoma to the nose and paranasal sinuses.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Renal cell carcinoma represents 3% of all malignant tumors. Metastatic deposits of renal cell carcinoma to the head and neck region are infrequent. The objective of this work is to analyze the clinical presentation, radiologic features, surgical and radiotherapy treatment, and outcome of metastatic renal cell carcinoma to the nose and sinuses.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective review of 6 patients diagnosed with renal cell carcinoma who had nasal metastasis develop and were seen at the Christie Hospital in Manchester over the past 8 years.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Six patients with renal cell carcinoma were seen with recurrent epistaxis, nasal obstruction, and unpleasant nasal crusting. Three patients had orbital involvement. Examination under general anaesthesia and biopsy was performed in all 6 cases. Histologic studies confirmed metastases of renal cell carcinoma in all 6 patients. All patients underwent local external beam radiotherapy. The most common dose used was 35 Gy in 8 daily fractions. All patients had symptomatic control of local nasal disease with a minimum follow-up of 2 years in 4 patients. Two patients died within 6 months of the radiotherapy treatment as a result of their primary tumor.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Metastatic renal cell carcinoma to the nose and paranasal sinuses is rare but has unpleasant symptoms. Local symptomatic control with radiotherapy is excellent.
authors.affiliation: University Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Lewisham, Lewisham High Street, London SE13 6LR, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Simo
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Sykes
authors.forename: S P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Hargreaves
authors.forename: P R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Axon
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Birzgalis
authors.forename: N J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Slevin
authors.forename: W T
authors.initials: WT
authors.lastname: Farrington
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001706:Biopsy; D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy* / Q000556:secondary*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009669:Nose Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy* / Q000556:secondary*; D010255:Paranasal Sinus Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy* / Q000556:secondary*; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed