title: Cardiopulmonary cerebral resuscitation using emergency cardiopulmonary bypass, coronary reperfusion therapy and mild hypothermia in patients with cardiac arrest outside the hospital.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of an alternative cardiopulmonary cerebral resuscitation (CPCR) using emergency cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), coronary reperfusion therapy and mild hypothermia.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Good recovery of patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest is still inadequate. An alternative therapeutic method for patients who do not respond to conventional CPCR is required.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective preliminary study was performed in 50 patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest meeting the inclusion criteria. Patients were treated with standard CPCR and, if there was no response, by emergency CPB plus intra-aortic balloon pumping. Immediate coronary angiography for coronary reperfusion therapy was performed in patients with suspected acute coronary syndrome. Subsequently, in patients with systolic blood pressure above 90 mm Hg and Glasgow coma scale score of 3 to 5, mild hypothermia (34 C for at least two days) was induced by coil cooling. Neurologic outcome was assessed by cerebral performance categories at hospital discharge.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirty-six of the 50 patients were treated with emergency CPB, and 30 of 39 patients who underwent angiography suffered acute coronary artery occlusion. Return of spontaneous circulation and successful coronary reperfusion were achieved in 92% and 87%, respectively. Mild hypothermia could be induced in 23 patients, and 12 (52%) of them showed good recovery. Factors related to a good recovery were cardiac index in hypothermia and the presence of serious complications with hypothermia or CPB.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The alternative CPCR demonstrated an improvement in the incidence of good recovery. Based upon these findings, randomized studies of this hypothermia are needed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nagao
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hayashi
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kanmatsuse
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Arima
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ohtsuki
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kikushima
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Watanabe
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001921:Brain / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006328:Cardiac Catheterization; D016887:Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation / Q000379:methods*; D002423:Cause of Death; D001026:Coronary Artery Bypass; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy; D004632:Emergency Medical Services; D005260:Female; D015600:Glasgow Coma Scale; D006323:Heart Arrest / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy*; D006760:Hospitalization; D006801:Humans; D007036:Hypothermia, Induced; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015425:Myocardial Reperfusion; D011379:Prognosis