title: Leishmaniasis in the Sudan: a literature review with emphasis on clinical aspects.
abstract: The literature on the leishmaniases in the Sudan is reviewed with an emphasis on clinical aspects and on literature related to the recent outbreaks in the south and east of the country. The numbers of cases of subclinical infection and post-kala azar dermal leishmaniasis in the recent outbreaks are remarkable. New diagnostic techniques have been introduced and evaluated, notably the direct agglutination test and polymerase chain reaction technology. The latter gives very promising results and further research into application of the technique is warranted. Treatment with pentavalent antimony is still satisfactory. The reservoir host has not been identified definitely.
authors.affiliation: Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of Khartoum, Sudan.
authors.forename: O F
authors.initials: OF
authors.lastname: Osman
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Kager
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Oskam
mesh_terms: D000372:Agglutination Tests; D000967:Antimony Sodium Gluconate / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000981:Antiprotozoal Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004196:Disease Outbreaks; D006801:Humans; D007896:Leishmaniasis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013397:Sudan / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D000981:Antiprotozoal Agents; D000967:Antimony Sodium Gluconate