title: Familial form of hirschsprung disease: nucleotide sequence studies reveal point mutations in the RET proto-oncogene in two of six families but not in other candidate genes.
abstract: Hirschsprung disease (HSCR; McKusick 142623) or aganglionic megacolon is a frequent (1 in 5,000 live births) heritable disorder of the enteric nervous system. By haplotyping with a variety of microsatellite markers, by amplifying all 20 exons of the RET proto-oncogene and by applying a direct DNA sequencing protocol, we have analyzed the DNA from HSCR patients in 6 different families. In one family with a joint occurrence of HSCR and FMTC (follicular medullary thyroid carcinoma), we have identified a mutation in codon 609 in one out of 6 cysteine residues encoded in exon 10 of the RET gene. This C609R point mutation has not previously been reported to cause HSCR. In 2 of the HSCR patients described here from different families, we have found a mutation in exon 2 (R77C) and a silent mutation in exon 3 (Y204Y), respectively, in the extracellular part of the RET proto-oncogene. In introns 2 and 17 of the RET proto-oncogene in 2 families, we have detected single nucleotide exchanges that are probably polymorphisms with unknown, if any, relations to HSCR. The DNA sequences of 5 further genes (GDNF, GDNFRalpha, EDN3, EDNRB, and NTN), that may contribute to the development of HSCR, have not shown mutations in the patients analyzed so far. In 2 of the reported families with several affected children and one grandchild, sequence analyses revealed no mutations in the coding regions of any of the candidate genes analyzed.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Genetics, University of Cologne, Koeln, Germany.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Munnes
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fanaei
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Schmitz
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Muiznieks
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Holschneider
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Doerfler
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002874:Chromosome Mapping; D002879:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 10; D003625:Data Collection; D029721:Drosophila Proteins; D005260:Female; D051097:Glial Cell Line-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Receptors; D006627:Hirschsprung Disease / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010375:Pedigree; D017354:Point Mutation; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D000090063:Proto-Oncogene Mas; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D051096:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-ret; D020794:Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D029721:Drosophila Proteins; D051097:Glial Cell Line-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Receptors; C000715470:MAS1 protein, human; D000090063:Proto-Oncogene Mas; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D051096:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-ret; D020794:Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; C416649:Ret protein, Drosophila