title: Lack of an effect of valproate concentration on lamotrigine pharmacokinetics in developmentally disabled patients with epilepsy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  to describe the population pharmacokinetics of lamotrigine (LTG) in developmentally disabled (DD) patients with epilepsy and (2) to determine if there is an effect of valproate (VPA) concentration on the extent of the pharmacokinetic interaction between VPA and LTG.
  
  
  METHODS
  a NONMEM population analysis of steady-state LTG serum concentrations was conducted in patients receiving LTG either as mono or polytherapy with either an enzyme inducer (IND)-carbamazepine (CBZ), phenytoin (PHT), phenobarbital (PB) or an inhibitor (VPA).
  
  
  RESULTS
  sixty-two patients (33.6+/-11.3 years, 47+/-9.9 kg) receiving LTG monotherapy (n=19) or polytherapy with VPA (n=15), inducer(s) (n=32) or both (n=5) were evaluated. LTG dose of 369+/-236 mg per day (8.1+/-5.9 mg/kg per day) achieved LTG plasma concentrations of 6.8+/-3.3 microg/ml. The observed LTG monotherapy, LTG+IND, and LTG+VPA oral clearance (Cl/F) were 0. 69+/-0.2, 1.60+/-0.65 and 0.2+/-0.05 ml/kg per min, respectively. The final LTG Cl/F model was dependent on body weight, concomitant VPA, and either single or multiple inducers. Including the serum concentrations of CBZ, PHT, or VPA in the model, did not significantly improve estimates of Cl/F.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  LTG Cl/F in DD patients is similar to literature values for ambulatory adult patients; however, low weight adult patients have higher elimination rates, as well as an increased response to enzyme induction. VPA inhibition of LTG Cl/F is maximal within the usually accepted therapeutic range for VPA.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA.
authors.forename: B E
authors.initials: BE
authors.lastname: Gidal
authors.forename: G D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.forename: P R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Rutecki
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Shaw
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lanning
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000465:Algorithms; D000927:Anticonvulsants / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D002648:Child; D002849:Chromatography, Gas; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D002658:Developmental Disabilities / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism*; D004347:Drug Interactions; D004827:Epilepsy / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D000077213:Lamotrigine; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008954:Models, Biological; D011153:Population; D014227:Triazines / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D014635:Valproic Acid / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*
chemical_list: D000927:Anticonvulsants; D014227:Triazines; D014635:Valproic Acid; D000077213:Lamotrigine