title: Hallucinogenic mushrooms on the German market - simple instructions for examination and identification.
abstract: 'Magic mushrooms' is the name most commonly given to psychoactive fungi containing the hallucinogenic components psilocybin and psilocin. Material confiscated by local authorities was examined using morphologic, microscopic, microchemical, and toxicological methods. Psilocybe cubensis was the most popular mushroom in the sample collective, followed by Psilocybe semilanceata, Panaeolus cyanescens and Psilocybe tampanensis. The alkaloid content was determined with <0.003-1.15% of psilocybin and 0.01-0.90% psilocin. Panaeolus cyanescens was the mushroom with highest levels of psilocybin and psilocin.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Legal Medicine, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University, Stiftsplatz 12, 53111, Bonn, Germany. f.musshoff@uni-bonn.de
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Musshoff
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Madea
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Beike
mesh_terms: D000363:Agaricales / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000145:classification; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid; D004335:Drug and Narcotic Control; D005858:Germany; D006213:Hallucinogens / Q000032:analysis*; D006801:Humans; D011562:Psilocybin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000032:analysis*; D015813:Substance Abuse Detection / Q000379:methods*; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology; D014116:Toxicology / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D006213:Hallucinogens; D011562:Psilocybin; C009105:psilocin