title: Mucin gene expression in human urothelium and in intestinal segments transposed into the urinary tract.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The repertoire of mucin (MUC) gene expression in the normal human urothelium is poorly defined and the alterations in MUC gene expression following transposition of intestinal segments into the urinary tract has not previously been studied. The aims of this study were to define MUC gene expression in the normal human urothelium; and in transposed intestinal segments.
  
  
  METHODS
  Non-isotopic in-situ hybridization was carried out using eight digoxigenin labeled oligonucleotide mucin gene probes (MUC 1 - 7). Immunohistochemistry using NCL-MUC1 and NCL-MUC2 monoclonal antibodies was performed on sections of paraffin-embedded tissues. Twenty-seven patients were investigated (normal human urothelium, n = 6; transposed ileal segments, n = 14 and normal ileal controls, n = 7).
  
  
  RESULTS
  MUC1 and MUC4 were the predominant mucin genes expressed in the normal urothelium with MUC3 being expressed in a third of cases studied; MUC2, 5AC, 5B, 6 and 7 were not expressed. Despite the morphological changes seen in transposed ileal segments, MUC2 and MUC3 continued to be expressed in these segments albeit in a disorganised fashion. Both MUC1 and MUC4 were up-regulated in transposed ileal segments, genes expressed by the normal human urothelium. All eight mucin genes were expressed in an area of pyloric-type metaplasia found in one transposed ileal segment. In patients with clam enterocystoplasty there was evidence of increasing up-regulation of MUC2, 3, 4 and 5AC expression in the urothelium toward the anastomotic site.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Transposition of ileal segments into the urinary tract results in up-regulation of MUC1 and MUC4, the predominant MUC genes expressed in the human bladder. The clinical implication of the up-regulation of some MUC genes toward the anastomotic site in patients with an enteroplasty and the aberrant expression of MUC5AC - MUC7 by transposed segments is at present unclear.
authors.affiliation: University Departments of Surgery and Physiological Sciences, The Medical School, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: N'Dow
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Pearson
authors.forename: M K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Bennett
authors.forename: D E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Neal
authors.forename: C N
authors.initials: CN
authors.lastname: Robson
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression; D006801:Humans; D007082:Ileum / Q000601:surgery*; D017403:In Situ Hybridization; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009077:Mucins / Q000235:genetics*; D015345:Oligonucleotide Probes; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000502:physiology; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000378:metabolism; D019459:Urothelium / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D009077:Mucins; D015345:Oligonucleotide Probes