title: Historical evolution of preventive medical informatics in the USA.
abstract: A major reorganization of healthcare services is occurring in the United States. It has evolved from the solo- and group-practice models of the 1940s with fee-for-service and insurer-indemnification financing that used paper-based information systems to support preventive medical services. In the 1990s there emerged nation-wide, managed-care plans employing enhanced computer-based information systems with online preventive medical practice guidelines and Internet-supported home-care telemedicine. It is helpful to review how this major reengineering of medicine has come about.
authors.affiliation: Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Medical Care Program, Oakland, CA, USA. mfcollen@aol.com
authors.forename: M F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Collen
mesh_terms: D005544:Forecasting; D049673:History, 20th Century; D006801:Humans; D008329:Managed Care Programs / Q000639:trends; D008490:Medical Informatics / Q000266:history* / Q000458:organization & administration / Q000639:trends; D011315:Preventive Medicine / Q000266:history*; D014481:United States