title: Brachial plexopathy after postoperative radiotherapy of breast cancer patients--a long-term follow-up.
abstract: In 1963-1965 a group of 71 patients operated on for breast cancer with total mastectomy and axillary clearance were given aggressive postoperative telecobalt therapy to the axillary, supraclavicular and parasternal lymph node regions. The prescribed dose to these lymph node regions was 44 Gy in 11 fractions. Only two of the three fields were treated per day. Retrospective dose calculations showed that the total dose in the brachial plexus from the axillary and supraclavicular fields was c. 57 Gy in 16-17 fractions over 3-4 weeks. After a few years, symptoms and signs of brachial plexus injury appeared in many patients, which was reported in some early papers. The cohort has now been followed-up to 34 years. As expected, there was progression of both prevalence and severity of the late effects between 5 and 34 years and 11 of 12 patients who are still alive have paralysis of their arms. The neuropathy seems to be closely linked to fibrosis around the nerve trunks. The use of large daily fractions, in some cases combined with hot spots from overlapping fields, was certainly the cause of the complication.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology and Radiation Physics, Umeå University, Sweden. Silvia.Johansson@onkologi.umu.se
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Johansson
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Svensson
authors.forename: L G
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Larsson
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Denekamp
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D020516:Brachial Plexus Neuropathies / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy* / Q000601:surgery*; D019583:Dose Fractionation, Radiation; D004307:Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D015409:Mastectomy, Radical; D008875:Middle Aged; D009017:Morbidity; D018714:Radiotherapy, Adjuvant / Q000009:adverse effects