title: Safety and efficacy of eptifibatide vs placebo in patients receiving thrombolytic therapy with streptokinase for acute myocardial infarction; a phase II dose escalation, randomized, double-blind study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Thrombolytic therapy restores coronary patency in patients with acute myocardial infarction, although normal perfusion (TIMI 3 flow) is not achieved in all patients. In an attempt to improve TIMI 3 flow, a combination of full-dose streptokinase, aspirin and escalating dosages of a platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor blocker, eptifibatide, vs placebo were tested.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A bolus of 180 microg. kg(-1)of eptifibatide was administered in each group, followed by a 72 h continuous infusion of 0.75 (44 patients), 1.33 (n=45) and 2.00 microg. kg(-1). min(-1)(n = 30); 62 patients received placebo. Normal perfusion (TIMI 3 flow) at 90 min was observed in 31% of placebo patients compared to 46, 42 and 45% in the ascending eptifibatide groups (44% for combined eptifibatide groups, P = 0.07). Patency (TIMI 2 and 3 flow combined) increased from 61% (placebo) to 78% for the combined eptifibatide groups (P = 0.02). Reocclusion was infrequent. No differences were observed in TIMI flow grades among eptifibatide groups. Major and minor bleeding was increased and occurred mainly at the arterial puncture site.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A combination of full dose streptokinase with different eptifibatide regimens enhanced coronary perfusion, but bleeding risk was excessive. Additional trials are needed with different dosage regimens to determine the optimal combination of fibrinolytic agents and platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor blockers.
authors.affiliation: Thoraxcenter and Cardialysis, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ronner
authors.forename: H A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: van Kesteren
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Zijnen
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Altmann
authors.forename: P G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Molhoek
authors.forename: L R
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: van der Wieken
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Cuffie-Jackson
authors.forename: K L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Neuhaus
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Simoons
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001241:Aspirin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D000077542:Eptifibatide; D005260:Female; D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000188:drug therapy*; D010455:Peptides / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D013300:Streptokinase / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015912:Thrombolytic Therapy; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents; D010455:Peptides; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; D013300:Streptokinase; D000077542:Eptifibatide; D001241:Aspirin