title: Large-scale hormone replacement therapy and life expectancy: results from an international comparison among European and North American populations.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  An analysis was performed to determine the risks and benefits of a 10-year hormone replacement therapy regimen that had been applied to all women at 50 years of age in 8 countries.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cumulative mortality with and without hormone replacement therapy over 20 years was estimated, with both current and predicted total and disease-specific secular mortality trends and the influence of a generational cohort effect taken into account.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In countries with high ischemic heart disease frequency and predictable relative predominance of ischemic heart disease rates over breast cancer rates for the next 20 years, hormone replacement therapy could result in benefits with regard to overall mortality; this advantage decreases in younger-generation cohorts. In countries in which breast cancer mortality predominates over ischemic heart disease in early postmenopause and in which the predictable trends for both diseases reinforce this condition, a negative effect on overall mortality would be observed. In the United States, the effect of large-scale hormone replacement therapy would change over time.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The long-term effect of hormone replacement therapy on life expectancy of postmenopausal women may vary among countries.
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Sperimentale, Federico II University, Naples, Italy. spanico@unina.it
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Panico
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Galasso
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Celentano
authors.forename: A V
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Ciardullo
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Frova
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Capocaccia
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Trevisan
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Berrino
mesh_terms: D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality* / Q000517:prevention & control; D002423:Cause of Death; D015988:Cohort Effect; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000401:mortality* / Q000517:prevention & control; D015914:Estrogen Replacement Therapy / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005060:Europe / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D005544:Forecasting; D006801:Humans; D008017:Life Expectancy; D016015:Logistic Models; D008875:Middle Aged; D009656:North America / Q000453:epidemiology; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012307:Risk Factors; D013997:Time Factors