title: Smad7 is induced by CD40 and protects WEHI 231 B-lymphocytes from transforming growth factor-beta -induced growth inhibition and apoptosis.
abstract: Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) is a potent inducer of apoptosis in B-lymphocytes and is essential for immune regulation and maintenance of self-tolerance. Here we show that concomitant signaling through CD40 sustains proliferation and rescues the premature B cell line WEHI 231 from both TGF-beta-induced and anti-IgM-induced apoptosis. The anti-apoptotic effect of CD40 is associated with the transcriptional activation of the inhibitory Smad7 protein. The transactivation of Smad7 by CD40 is NFkappaB-dependent in that pharmacological inhibitors of this pathway, N-tosyl-l-phenylalanine chloromethyl ketone and pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate, abrogate CD40-induced Smad7 expression. Ectopic overexpression of Smad7 inhibited Smad2 activation, TGF-beta-mediated growth inhibition, and apoptosis in WEHI 231 cells. Consistent with this result, dominant negative interference with Smad2 and Smad3 function also inhibited TGF-beta-induced apoptosis. The inhibitory effects of Smad7 overexpression were specific to TGF-beta-induced apoptosis and were without effect on anti-IgM-induced cell death. These results suggest a mechanism of suppression of TGF-beta-induced apoptosis by CD40, mediated through activation of NF-kappaB and, consequently, induction of Smad7 expression.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell Biology, The Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Patil
authors.forename: G M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Wildey
authors.forename: T L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Choy
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Derynck
authors.forename: P H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Howe
mesh_terms: D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000502:physiology; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D001402:B-Lymphocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D019013:CD40 Antigens / Q000502:physiology*; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D002460:Cell Line; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000502:physiology; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006801:Humans; D016393:Lymphoma, B-Cell; D010766:Phosphorylation; D015398:Signal Transduction; D051899:Smad2 Protein; D051906:Smad7 Protein; D015534:Trans-Activators / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D014162:Transfection; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD; D019013:CD40 Antigens; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; C497782:SMAD2 protein, human; C497806:SMAD7 protein, human; D051899:Smad2 Protein; D051906:Smad7 Protein; D015534:Trans-Activators; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta