title: [The influence of paternal lymphocyte immunization on the balance of Th1/Th2 type reactivity in women with unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Paternal lymphocyte immunization has been proposed as an efficient treatment for unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA), however precise mechanism that underlie the benefits of this immunotherapy are still unclear. It was proposed that successful pregnancy is reminiscent of T helper 2 (Th2)--dominant situation but unsuccessful pregnancy is a Th1-type situation. The aim of the study was the evaluation of influence of paternal lymphocyte immunization on the balance of Th1/Th2--type reactivity in women with unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion.
  
  
  METHODS
  8 patients with a history of 3 or more consecutive primary spontaneous abortions of unknown etiology and no positive autoimmune factors were selected for the study. Immunization with paternal lymphocytes, obtained from 100 ml of peripheral blood, was performed twice prior conception with a 4-week interval. The following immunological parameters were studied: peripheral blood T lymphocyte subpopulations (CD3, CD4, CD8) and secretion of the Th1-type cytokines (IL-2, IFN-gamma), Th2-type cytokines (IL-6) and TGF-beta 1 by phytohaemaglutinin-stimulated peripheral blood lymphocytes. Evaluation of immunity parameters were performed before and 2 weeks after immunotherapy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  It was found that paternal lymphocytes immunization significantly increase the percentage of CD4 T lymphocytes (37.11 +/- 7.65 vs. 41.38 +/- 5.57, p = 0.007). Immunotherapy also leads to a significant enhancement in Th2-type cytokines (IL-6) secretion (22,677 +/- 17,907 mg/ml vs. 44,550 +/- 15,907 mg/ml, p = 0.008) and a significant decreasing in Th1-type cytokines (IL-2) secretion (6.50 +/- 5.98 mg/ml vs. 0.00 +/- 0.00 mg/ml, p = 0.0179).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The data of the present studies suggest that paternal lymphocytes immunization modulate of immunity in women with unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion. Our studies indicate a shift in the balance fo cytokine profiles away from Th1-type reactivity to a Th2-type reactivity after immunotherapy.
authors.affiliation: Katedry Połoznictwa i Ginekologii Wojskowej AM w Lodzi.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Szpakowski
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Malinowski
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Głowacka
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Wilczyński
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kolasa
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dyński
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tchórzewski
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Zeman
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Szpakowski
mesh_terms: D000026:Abortion, Habitual / Q000276:immunology* / Q000628:therapy; D015704:CD4 Antigens / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007167:Immunotherapy / Q000379:methods; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology*; D011247:Pregnancy; D018417:Th1 Cells / Q000276:immunology*; D018418:Th2 Cells / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D015704:CD4 Antigens