title: The relationship between increased folate catabolism and the increased requirement for folate in pregnancy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To estimate the rate of folate catabolism in pregnant and nonpregnant women and to derive the recommended dietary allowance for folate.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective, observational study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Rotunda Hospital, Dublin. WOMEN: Twenty-four healthy gravid women were studied once during each trimester and postpartum. Twenty-five nonpregnant controls were assessed before and after folic acid supplementation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Women provided 24-hour urine collections while adhering to a strict dietary regimen containing no exogenous folate catabolites.
  
  
  METHODS
  Urinary levels of p-acetamidobenzoylglutamate and p-aminobenzoylglutamate were measured by high pressure liquid chromatography.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The 24-hour excretion of folate catabolites, expressed as mean [95% CI] folate equivalents in microg) progressively increased during pregnancy. A peak was reached in the third trimester (349.1 microg [308.1 to 390.1]) where the rate was more than twice the rate in the nonpregnant control group (136.4 microg [112.4 to 160.4]) (P < 0.001). Based on our results the recommended dietary allowance for folate in nonpregnant women should be 250 microg and this should rise during pregnancy to 430 microg in the second trimester and 540 microg in the third trimester.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The rate of folate catabolism progressively increases during pregnancy reaching a peak in the third trimester at the time of maximal fetal growth. The increased demand for folate during pregnancy appears to be due to the accelerated breakdown of the vitamin because of its participation in cellular biosynthesis. These results provide a quantitative basis for the current debate on the appropriate recommended dietary allowance for folate in both pregnant and nonpregnant women.
authors.affiliation: The Rotunda Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Higgins
authors.forename: E P
authors.initials: EP
authors.lastname: Quinlivan
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: McPartlin
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Scott
authors.forename: D G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Weir
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Darling
mesh_terms: D010129:4-Aminobenzoic Acid / Q000652:urine; D000293:Adolescent; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D005260:Female; D005492:Folic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism*; D005971:Glutamates / Q000652:urine; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011247:Pregnancy / Q000378:metabolism*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D062366:para-Aminobenzoates
chemical_list: D005971:Glutamates; D006454:Hemoglobins; D062366:para-Aminobenzoates; C030903:N-(4-acetamidobenzoyl)-L-glutamic acid; D005492:Folic Acid; C011398:4-aminobenzoylglutamic acid; D010129:4-Aminobenzoic Acid