title: Older boys benefit from higher initial prednisolone therapy for nephrotic syndrome. The West Japan Cooperative Study of Kidney Disease in Children.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A long course of the initial prednisolone therapy has been shown to be more effective than standard-course therapy in reducing relapse rates in children with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome, but it is commonly accompanied by corticosteroid toxicities. There has been no study on prednisolone dosage for the effective treatment of nephrotic syndrome.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty-eight children (42 boys and 26 girls) with an initial attack of nephrotic syndrome were randomly allocated into two different long-course treatment groups. Patients in Group 1 received a daily prednisolone dose of 60 mg/m2 for six weeks, followed by an alternate-day dose of 40 mg/m2 for six weeks. Patients in Group 2 had a daily dose of 40 mg/m2 instead of 60 mg/m2.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Four children in each group did not respond within six weeks. Group 1 was associated with a significantly earlier response but more frequent corticosteroid toxicities than Group 2. Boys in Group 1 had a higher rate of sustained remission than boys in Group 2 (P = 0.0073), especially boys four years old or more (P = 0.0027), but girls did not show a significant difference (P = 0.863). Boys four years old or more in Group 1 had a course of frequent relapsing less often than those in Group 2 (2 of 13 vs. 6 of 8, P = 0.0075).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings indicate that efficient prednisolone doses may vary between sexes and ages, and that a higher initial prednisolone therapy may be of greater benefit to older boys.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Fukui Medical University School of Medicine, Matsuoka, and Departments of Pediatrics, Fukui Prefectural Hospital and Fukui Red Cross Hospital, Fukui, Fukui; Department of Pediatrics, Kurashiki Central Hospital, Kurash.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hiraoka
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tsukahara
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Haruki
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hayashi
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Takeda
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Miyagawa
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Okuhara
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Suehiro
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ohshima
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mayumi
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000367:Age Factors; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000188:drug therapy; D008297:Male; D009404:Nephrotic Syndrome / Q000188:drug therapy*; D011239:Prednisolone / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D011507:Proteinuria / Q000188:drug therapy; D012008:Recurrence; D012074:Remission Induction; D012737:Sex Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D011239:Prednisolone