title: Nuclear localization of 111In after intravenous injection of [111In-DTPA-D-Phe1]-octreotide in patients with neuroendocrine tumors.
abstract: Treatment with tumor-targeting substances is currently being evaluated in clinical trials. For patients with neuroendocrine tumors expressing somatostatin receptors, the 111In-labeled somatostatin analog [diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA)-DPhe1]-octreotide has been used with promising results. To further investigate the clinical effect of the injected conjugate, we analyzed the cellular distribution of 111In by ultrastructural autoradiography.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seven patients with somatostatin receptor-expressing midgut carcinoid tumors scheduled for abdominal surgery were investigated by somatostatin receptor scintigraphy. During operation, tumor tissue samples and samples of normal intestine were collected, fixed, and processed for electron microscopy. A thin layer of film emulsion was applied on sections and after the exposure film was developed. The cellular distribution of silver precipitations indicating the presence of isotope was evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cell surface receptor binding and internalization of [111In-DTPA-D-Phe1]-octreotide in the tumor cells was easily revealed by silver precipitations in the film. Multiple silver grains were seen at the plasma membrane, in the cytoplasmic area among secretory granules and vesicular compartments, and in the perinuclear area. Silver grains were also regularly located in the nucleus. For all patients, the silver precipitation patterns from 111In decay were identical in all examined cells from removed tumors, and in most cells 111In could be seen in the nucleus. The specificity of the silver reaction products is supported by the observation that enterocytes in intestinal tissue specimens from near the tumor did not show any silver grains and no background labeling was seen in the plastic.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  After internalization through the somatostatin receptor system, 111In is translocated to the perinuclear area and into the nucleus. Whether the nuclide is still conjugated to the intact somatostatin analog or to part of it cannot be evaluated in this study. Despite the short irradiation range of 111In, the nuclear localization can explain its clinical effectiveness. The results from this study suggest that [111In-DTPA-D-Phe1]-octreotide may act as a powerful tumor cell-targeting substance.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Sciences, University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden.
authors.forename: E T
authors.initials: ET
authors.lastname: Janson
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Westlin
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Ohrvall
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Oberg
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lukinius
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001345:Autoradiography; D002276:Carcinoid Tumor / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery / Q000648:ultrastructure; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D003593:Cytoplasm / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007205:Indium Radioisotopes / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D007414:Intestinal Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery / Q000648:ultrastructure; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018358:Neuroendocrine Tumors / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D015282:Octreotide / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D004369:Pentetic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D017481:Receptors, Somatostatin / Q000032:analysis; D015899:Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon
chemical_list: D007205:Indium Radioisotopes; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D017481:Receptors, Somatostatin; C071632:SDZ 215-811; D004369:Pentetic Acid; D015282:Octreotide