title: Assessment of morbidity in Schistosoma haematobium infection: current methods and future tools.
abstract: Recently, new potential tools for assessment of Schistosoma haematobium related morbidity have emerged. The tools are based on detection of S. haematobium egg antigens in urine or detection of eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) in urine, which may reflect the inflammatory response in the urinary tract. So far two markers have been assessed in long-term post treatment follow-up studies, allowing for an evaluation both before treatment and during regression and reappearance of infection and urinary tract morbidity. The results from these studies and the usefulness of the markers as morbidity assessment tools are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Danish Bilharziasis Laboratory, Jaegersborg Allé 1D, 2920, Charlottenlund, Denmark. bjv@bilharziasis.dk
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Jyding Vennervald
authors.forename: A I
authors.initials: AI
authors.lastname: Kahama
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Reimert
mesh_terms: D000349:Africa / Q000453:epidemiology; D000818:Animals; D000947:Antigens, Helminth / Q000652:urine*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000652:urine; D001798:Blood Proteins / Q000652:urine; D047091:Eosinophil Granule Proteins; D006801:Humans; D009017:Morbidity; D010270:Parasite Egg Count; D010274:Parasitology / Q000639:trends*; D015995:Prevalence; D012260:Ribonucleases; D012548:Schistosoma haematobium / Q000276:immunology*; D012553:Schistosomiasis haematobia / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000469:parasitology* / Q000652:urine; D014463:Ultrasonography; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000469:parasitology; D014556:Urine / Q000166:cytology
chemical_list: D000947:Antigens, Helminth; D015415:Biomarkers; D001798:Blood Proteins; D047091:Eosinophil Granule Proteins; D012260:Ribonucleases