title: Perioperative management issues in pediatric patients.
abstract: Recent developments in perioperative practice, emphasizing issues that are of greatest concern in pediatric patients, are reviewed in this article. Many areas bear further evaluation in the evolving field of perioperative medicine: Effective techniques of psychologic preparation for children and their parents in an era in which the family rarely encounters the hospital environment before the day of surgery Application of newer intraoperative anesthetics, such as new narcotics and muscle relaxants, to shorten PACU and pediatric ICU stay while maintaining safety and comfort Critical evaluation of current methods of pain management to optimize comfort, while minimizing cost of such management in an increasingly cost-conscious health care environment The recent advent of a process for credentialing pediatric anesthesia fellowship programs, which requires a research component, bodes well for the prospect of finding answers to some of these questions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology/Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA. lmaxwell@jhmi.edu
authors.forename: L G
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Maxwell
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yaster
mesh_terms: D000758:Anesthesia / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis; D002648:Child; D006801:Humans; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000628:therapy; D011182:Postoperative Care; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D011300:Preoperative Care; D012140:Respiratory Tract Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis