title: Flexible ureteroscopes: a single center evaluation of the durability and function of the new endoscopes smaller than 9Fr.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Flexible ureteroscopes smaller than 9Fr are widely used in endourology. We systematically evaluated the functional durability of these instruments in the clinical setting.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed ureteronephroscopy 92 consecutive times in 84 patients at our hospital using a flexible Storz model 11274AA,double dagger Circon-ACMI model AUR-7, section sign Wolf model 7325.172 parallel and Olympus model URF/P3 ureteroscope paragraph sign. Preoperatively and postoperatively we evaluated all flexible ureteroscopes for luminosity, irrigant flow at 100 mm. Hg, number of broken image fibers and active deflection range. During the procedure a record was kept of the duration that the endoscope remained in the urinary tract, average irrigation pressure, method of insertion, various devices used within the working channel, need for lower pole access, and surgeon overall impression of visibility and maneuverability.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The luminosity and irrigant flow of all endoscopes remained relatively unchanged during consecutive applications, while active deflection deteriorated 2% to 28%. Endoscopes were used for an average of 3 to 13 hours before they needed repair. The most fragile part of these instruments was the deflection unit.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Small diameter flexible ureteroscopes are effective for diagnosing and treating upper urinary tract pathology but improved durability is required. Currently they represent a highly effective but high maintenance means of achieving retrograde access to the ureter and kidney with a need for repair after only 6 to 15 uses.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Surgery (Division of Urologic Surgery) and Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Afane
authors.forename: E O
authors.initials: EO
authors.lastname: Olweny
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bercowsky
authors.forename: C P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Sundaram
authors.forename: M D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Dunn
authors.forename: A L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Shalhav
authors.forename: E M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: McDougall
authors.forename: R V
authors.initials: RV
authors.lastname: Clayman
mesh_terms: D004867:Equipment Design; D005069:Evaluation Studies as Topic; D006801:Humans; D008029:Lighting; D020709:Ureteroscopes