title: Biliary symptom scoring as a method of selecting patients for cholecystectomy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A group of patients referred to general surgeons for the treatment of gall bladder stones was studied to evaluate the role of a numerical symptom scoring system (biliary symptom score (BSS)) as a tool to improve the assessment of patients and reduce the incidence of post-cholecystectomy symptoms.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-seven patients with gallstones and abdominal symptoms referred to general surgeons were studied. All patients were interviewed by a surgeon in training independently from the treating surgeon and given a subjective and objective assessment of their symptoms (using the BSS); they were then categorized into biliary, non-biliary and possible biliary groups. The results of the interviews remained unknown to the treating surgeon throughout the period of study. The symptom status of all patients was reevaluated 6-12 months later; the patients' outcome was compared with their initial objective score and the subjective assessment by the independent assessor and with the treating surgeon's initial assessment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fifty-one patients were able to be analysed. Subjective independent assessment and BSS were closely correlated (phi = 0.89). Use of the BSS improved the accuracy of the independent assessor from 53% (subjective assessment) to 69%, but this was at the cost of recommending cholecystectomy in 30% of the patients with non-biliary symptoms. The accuracy of experienced consultant general surgeons was 98% with a single case of post-cholecystectomy syndrome (2%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Numerical BSS improves diagnostic accuracy for a surgeon in training by reducing the number of patients classified with possible biliary symptoms, but it remains significantly less accurate than the subjective clinical assessment of an experienced consultant general surgeon.
authors.affiliation: Division of Surgery, John Hunter Hospital, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia. gani16@castle.net.au
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Gani
authors.forename: L H
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Oakes
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001315:Australia; D001659:Biliary Tract / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002763:Cholecystectomy / Q000379:methods*; D002765:Cholecystography; D002769:Cholelithiasis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018579:Patient Selection; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000517:prevention & control; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012720:Severity of Illness Index