title: Percutaneous nephrolithotomy in older children.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) in pediatric patients, older than 8 years, without any technical and instrumental modifications.
  
  
  METHODS
  The authors retrospectively evaluated the data of 16 percutaneously treated kidneys of 14 patients with a mean age of 11 years (range, 8 to 17). The mean stone burden was calculated as 301 mm2 (range, 120-750). Percutaneous accesses were done under fluoroscopic control, and 24F to 30F Amplatz dilators were used depending on patient size. Ultrasonic and laser lithotripsy were performed to fragment calculi.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean operating time was 111 minutes (range, 60 to 210 min) and no intraoperative or postoperative major complication was observed. Mean hemoglobin drop after the procedure was 1.16 g/dL (range, 0.3 to 2.8). Blood transfusion was required in only 1 patient, and mean postoperative hospitalization was 4.6 days (range, 3 to 10). Stone-free rate was calculated as 69% (11 of 16), but with residual fragments smaller than 4 mm, the success rate becomes 100% at patient's discharge.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PCNL is an effective and safe form of therapy in pediatric stone disease. Especially in older children the use of the same instruments and technique as in adults may achieve equal results without any increased risk of possible morbidity and need of blood transfusion.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Hacettepe University Medical School, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sahin
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tekgül
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Erdem
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ekici
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hasçiçek
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kendi
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000367:Age Factors; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D005471:Fluoroscopy; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009403:Nephrostomy, Percutaneous / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014421:Turkey; D014545:Urinary Calculi / Q000601:surgery*