title: Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor in the treatment of neonates with neutropenia and sepsis.
abstract: To evaluate the efficacy of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) in improving neutrophil counts and survival of neutropenic septic neonates, the authors studied 8 neonates with gestational or postconceptional age at least 30 weeks; weight at least 1000 g; serious infection with concomitant neutropenia (absolute neutrophil count [ANC] < 3.0 x 10(9)/L) or leukopenia (white blood cell count < 5.0 x 10(9)/L) and anticipated survival at least 48 h. Patients received 5 micrograms/kg of GM-CSF intravenously for 5 consecutive days or until the ANC reached 20 x 10(9)/L. Clinical parameters and complete blood counts were monitored. Prestudy ANCs ranged from 0.05 to 2.7 x 10(9)/L. Four patients had positive blood cultures, 4 had necrotizing enterocolitis, and 1 was in septic shock. All patients had elevated C-reactive protein. All patients had resolution of neutropenia and survived the septic episodes. The use of GM-CSF in these patients merits further exploration.
authors.affiliation: Department of Hematology-Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105-2794, USA.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Venkateswaran
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Wilimas
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Dancy
authors.forename: W C
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Korones
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hayden
authors.forename: F A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Hayes
mesh_terms: D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D009503:Neutropenia / Q000188:drug therapy*; D018805:Sepsis / Q000188:drug therapy*
chemical_list: D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor