Analysis of gene transcription in bovine nuclear transfer embryos reconstructed with granulosa cell nuclei.
The low efficiency of animal production using somatic cell nuclear transfer procedures is considered to be the result of an incomplete reprogramming of the donor somatic cell nucleus, which leads to a lack of, or abnormal expression of developmentally important genes. However, our current understanding of the process of somatic cell nuclear reprogramming and its effect on gene expression is limited. In this study, we compare the transcription patterns of six developmentally important genes, Oct4, IL6, FGF2, FGF4, FGFr2, and gp130 in single in vitro fertilized (IVF) and nuclear transfer embryos reconstructed using granulosa cells for the donor nuclei. Similar patterns of transcription were detected for Oct4, FGF2, and gp130 in IVF and nuclear transfer embryos during the preimplantation stages of development. However, a number of morula- and blastocyst-stage embryos derived from nuclear transfer procedures showed abnormal transcription of IL6, FGF4, and FGFr2. Previous studies have demonstrated that these three genes play an important role in implantation, early postimplantation development, or both in the mouse. Therefore, the aberrant transcription patterns detected in nuclear transfer embryos may lead to a reduction in embryo viability.
Daniels
R
R
Monash Institute of Reproduction and Development, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia. rob.daniels@med.monash.edu.au
Hall
V
V
Trounson
A O
AO
D000818:Animals; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000235:genetics; D002417:Cattle; D017690:Cell Transplantation / Q000379:methods; D050822:Cytokine Receptor gp130; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D004622:Embryo, Mammalian / Q000502:physiology*; D047108:Embryonic Development; D005260:Female; D005307:Fertilization in Vitro; D016222:Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 / Q000235:genetics; D051519:Fibroblast Growth Factor 4; D005346:Fibroblast Growth Factors / Q000235:genetics; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D005819:Genetic Markers; D006107:Granulosa Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000502:physiology; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000235:genetics; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000235:genetics; D053652:Nuclear Transfer Techniques; D050814:Octamer Transcription Factor-3; D011247:Pregnancy; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D017468:Receptors, Fibroblast Growth Factor / Q000235:genetics; D014157:Transcription Factors
D015703:Antigens, CD; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D051519:Fibroblast Growth Factor 4; D005819:Genetic Markers; D015850:Interleukin-6; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D050814:Octamer Transcription Factor-3; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D017468:Receptors, Fibroblast Growth Factor; D014157:Transcription Factors; D016222:Fibroblast Growth Factor 2; D050822:Cytokine Receptor gp130; D005346:Fibroblast Growth Factors