title: Localized hepatocellular carcinoma: therapeutic options.
abstract: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is among the most common malignancies worldwide. Recent surveillance programs have allowed early detection and diagnosis, but overall survival of patients with HCC remains poor. This article provides a definition for localized HCC and summarizes the array of treatments that have emerged and the salient literature and findings for each. Among the treatments reviewed here are surgical resection, orthotopic liver transplantation, and local ablative therapies such as cryosurgery, percutaneous ethanol injection therapy, and transarterial chemoembolization.
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ribeiro
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Nagorney
authors.forename: G J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Gores
mesh_terms: D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy*; D016461:Chemoembolization, Therapeutic; D003452:Cryosurgery; D000431:Ethanol / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015316:Genetic Therapy; D006801:Humans; D006979:Hyperthermia, Induced; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy*; D016031:Liver Transplantation
chemical_list: D000431:Ethanol