title: Cardiac tissue enriched factors serum response factor and GATA-4 are mutual coregulators.
abstract: Combinatorial interaction among cardiac tissue-restricted enriched transcription factors may facilitate the expression of cardiac tissue-restricted genes. Here we show that the MADS box factor serum response factor (SRF) cooperates with the zinc finger protein GATA-4 to synergistically activate numerous myogenic and nonmyogenic serum response element (SRE)-dependent promoters in CV1 fibroblasts. In the absence of GATA binding sites, synergistic activation depends on binding of SRF to the proximal CArG box sequence in the cardiac and skeletal alpha-actin promoter. GATA-4's C-terminal activation domain is obligatory for synergistic coactivation with SRF, and its N-terminal domain and first zinc finger are inhibitory. SRF and GATA-4 physically associate both in vivo and in vitro through their MADS box and the second zinc finger domains as determined by protein A pullout assays and by in vivo one-hybrid transfection assays using Gal4 fusion proteins. Other cardiovascular tissue-restricted GATA factors, such as GATA-5 and GATA-6, were equivalent to GATA-4 in coactivating SRE-dependent targets. Thus, interaction between the MADS box and C4 zinc finger proteins, a novel regulatory paradigm, mediates activation of SRF-dependent gene expression.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.
authors.forename: N S
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Belaguli
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Sepulveda
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Nigam
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Charron
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nemer
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Schwartz
mesh_terms: D000199:Actins / Q000235:genetics; D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D050991:GATA4 Transcription Factor; D050992:GATA5 Transcription Factor; D050993:GATA6 Transcription Factor; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D017930:Genes, Reporter; D000882:Haplorhini; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000378:metabolism; D009154:Mutation; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism*; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D020218:Response Elements; D026362:Serum Response Factor; D015534:Trans-Activators / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D014162:Transfection; D016335:Zinc Fingers
chemical_list: D000199:Actins; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D050991:GATA4 Transcription Factor; D050992:GATA5 Transcription Factor; D050993:GATA6 Transcription Factor; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D026362:Serum Response Factor; D015534:Trans-Activators; D014157:Transcription Factors