title: Radiolabeled leucocyte imaging in diffuse granulomatous involvement of the meninges in Wegener's granulomatosis: scintigraphic findings and their role in monitoring treatment response to specific immunotherapy (humanized monoclonal antilymphocyte antibodies).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Diffuse involvement of the meninges by remote granulomas in Wegener's granulomatosis is rare. This study reports the radiolabeled leucocyte imaging findings in five such patients. The diagnosis was made by MR imaging in five patients and confirmed in four by findings at meningeal biopsy. The potential role of serial radiolabeled leucocyte examinations in assessing treatment response is discussed.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three of the five patients underwent whole-body planar 111In-labeled leucocyte imaging. Two of these patients had serial imaging and one had, in addition, a 99mTc-HMPAO-labeled leucocyte single-photon emission CT brain examination. Two of the five patients had whole-body planar 99mTc-HMPAO-labeled leucocyte imaging. Of these, one patient had serial imaging. The radiolabeled leucocyte imaging findings were correlated with MR findings and with the patients' clinical course.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In four patients there was a midline linear area of increased tracer uptake in the brain, and in one of these, tracer uptake also extended laterally over the brain convexity. In two patients linear tracer uptake extended in an inferolateral direction from the midline. These abnormalities correlated with meningeal thickening in the falx, over the brain convexity, and in the tentorium cerebelli on MR images. Serial imaging in three patients revealed a reduction or disappearance in tracer uptake after treatment with anti-CD52, which correlated with clinical improvement.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In patients with Wegener's granulomatosis, abnormal uptake corresponding to meningeal thickening can be seen on planar radiolabeled leucocyte images. Leucocyte imaging may be useful for monitoring treatment response.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Addenbrooke's Hospital and the University of Cambridge, England.
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Murphy
authors.forename: K K
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Balan
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Toms
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Gomez-Anson
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lockwood
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000961:Antilymphocyte Serum / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D014890:Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D007167:Immunotherapy; D007205:Indium Radioisotopes; D007962:Leukocytes / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008578:Meninges / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D008875:Middle Aged; D011877:Radionuclide Imaging; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D019690:Technetium Tc 99m Exametazime
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D000961:Antilymphocyte Serum; D007205:Indium Radioisotopes; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D019690:Technetium Tc 99m Exametazime