Symptoms of anxiety and depression among adolescents with seizures in Irbid, Northern Jordan.
In Jordan, individuals with epilepsy commonly attend neuropsychiatric clinics. The objective of this study was to assess the psychosocial outcome of epilepsy among adolescents. The study included 101 epileptic adolescents who attended the neurology clinic at the Princess Basma Teaching Hospital in Northern Jordan and 101 non-epileptic controls. Sociodemographic characteristics and all relevant clinical data were collected through interviewing the cases and controls. Identification of the symptoms of anxiety and depression was made according to DSM-IV criteria. The patients were age and sex matched with the controls. The controls had achieved a significantly better education (> 12 years education) than the patients with epilepsy. The adolescents with epilepsy were also shown to be disadvantaged in their living circumstances. Some of them were dependent on their parents in some daily physical activities, such as bathing, which might be a sign of overprotection by their parents. Those with epilepsy had a significantly higher tendency to develop symptoms of anxiety and depression than the control group. Moreover these psychiatric symptoms, especially anxiety symptoms, were more likely to happen when seizures had not been properly medically controlled. Overprotective parental behaviour towards their ill children could also delay their psychosocial maturation. Therefore, counselling of patients and parents about epilepsy is an important factor in the control of seizures and their sequelae.
Alwash
R H
RH
Al Ain, P.O. Box 1073, United Arab Emirates. ralwalsh@emirates.net.ae
Hussein
M J
MJ
Matloub
F F
FF
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001007:Anxiety / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D003863:Depression / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D004829:Epilepsy, Generalized / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007597:Jordan / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D016017:Odds Ratio; D010287:Parent-Child Relations