title: Thyroid hormone coordinates respiratory control maturation and adenine nucleotide translocator expression in heart in vivo.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The signal transduction mechanism linking mitochondrial ATP synthesis with cytosolic ATP utilization in heart changes during postnatal development in vivo. This maturational process occurs in parallel with accumulation of mitochondrial adenine nucleotide translocator (ANT), which provides a possible site for respiratory control. We postulated that thyroid hormone regulates these maturational processes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We used (31)P MR spectroscopy to determine the relationship between myocardial high-energy phosphates, phosphocreatine, and ADP and oxygen consumption (MVO(2)) during epinephrine stimulation in 32- to 40-day-old lambs thyroidectomized after birth (THY) and age-matched controls. Steady-state protein and mRNA levels for ANT isoforms and beta-F(1)-ATPase were assessed from left ventricular tissues by Western and Northern blotting. With greater doses of epinephrine, THY attained lower peak MVO(2) than controls (P:<0.05). Controls maintained high-energy phosphate levels, unlike THY, which demonstrated significantly decreased phosphocreatine/ATP and increased cytosolic ADP despite lower peak MVO(2). No significant differences in beta-F(1)-ATPase protein or mRNA occurred between groups. However, ANT isoform mRNA levels were 2-fold greater and protein levels 4-fold greater in control hearts.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data imply that the maturational shift away from ADP-mediated respiratory control is regulated by thyroid hormone in vivo. Specific thyroid-modulated increases in ANT mRNA and protein imply that this regulation occurs in part at a pretranslational level.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, and Children's Hospital and Regional Medical Center, Seattle, WA 98105-0371, USA. mportm@chmc.org
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Portman
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Qian
authors.forename: R L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Tucker
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Parish
authors.forename: X H
authors.initials: XH
authors.lastname: Ning
mesh_terms: D000244:Adenosine Diphosphate / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn / Q000502:physiology*; D015152:Blotting, Northern; D015153:Blotting, Western; D006439:Hemodynamics; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007424:Intracellular Fluid / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000378:metabolism; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D000226:Mitochondrial ADP, ATP Translocases / Q000378:metabolism*; D009206:Myocardium / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism*; D010101:Oxygen Consumption; D010725:Phosphocreatine / Q000378:metabolism; D006180:Proton-Translocating ATPases / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D012143:Respiratory Physiological Phenomena; D012756:Sheep; D013965:Thyroidectomy; D013974:Thyroxine / Q000097:blood / Q000502:physiology*; D014284:Triiodothyronine / Q000097:blood / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D007527:Isoenzymes; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D010725:Phosphocreatine; D014284:Triiodothyronine; D000244:Adenosine Diphosphate; D000226:Mitochondrial ADP, ATP Translocases; D006180:Proton-Translocating ATPases; D013974:Thyroxine