title: Vaginal reconstruction using the bladder and/or rectal walls in patients with radiation-induced fistulas.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In irreparable or recurrent vesicovaginal fistulas and cloacal defects following high-dose irradiation therapy for gynecological malignancies, urinary diversion is the last resort to achieve a socially acceptable solution. In a select group of young and tumor-free patients, additional vaginal reconstruction may be indicated. Multiple operative procedures are available, but the results are often disappointing in the previously irradiated area.
  
  
  METHODS
  In six such patients with large radiogenic vesicovaginal defects (n = 5) or a cloacal fistula (n = 1), a continent reservoir using the transverse colon with an umbilical stoma was performed. At the end of the operation, the bladder was incorporated into a neovagina by incising the urethra, anterior vaginal wall, and the posterior bladder wall with electrocautery from the urethral meatus to the dome of the fistula.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No postoperative complications related to the vaginal reconstruction occurred. After a mean follow-up of 4.7 years, all patients had a capacious vagina and a wide introitus; the neovagina measured a mean of 18 cm in length. Five patients with a partner reported a normal sexual life. No dyspareunia or discomfort from bladder or urethral mucosa during intercourse was reported.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Following continent urinary diversion due to irreparable vesicovaginal fistulas, a neovagina can be created by simple dissection of the posterior bladder and anterior vaginal wall. When a colostomy is present, the neovagina can additionally be augmented with a bowel flap of the Hartmann stump or by incising the rectovaginal septum. The technique affords good functional and cosmetic results.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Otto-von-Guericke-University, Magdeburg, 39120, Germany.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Leissner
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Black
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Filipas
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fisch
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hohenfellner
mesh_terms: D002988:Cloaca / Q000528:radiation effects / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D011832:Radiation Injuries / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery*; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D012007:Rectum / Q000601:surgery*; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000528:radiation effects / Q000601:surgery*; D014547:Urinary Diversion; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000601:surgery; D014621:Vagina / Q000528:radiation effects / Q000601:surgery*; D014719:Vesicovaginal Fistula / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery*