title: Efficacy of adding multiple doses of oxitropium bromide to salbutamol delivered by means of a metered-dose inhaler with a spacer device in adults with acute severe asthma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The efficacy of combination therapy adding multiple doses of anticholinergics to beta(2)-agonists to improve outcome has not been established in adults with acute severe asthma.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study was undertaken to compare the outcome of adults with acute severe asthma treated with 4 puffs of salbutamol (100 microg/actuation) every 20 minutes for 3 doses plus 4 puffs of oxitropium bromide (100 microg/actuation) with each of the 3 salbutamol doses versus salbutamol alone administered by means of a metered-dose inhaler with a spacer device.
  
  
  METHODS
  A randomized, single-blind, placebo-controlled study was performed in 74 patients between 18 and 55 years old presenting to the emergency department (ED) for treatment of acute asthma with a peak expiratory flow (PEF) of 50% or less than the normal predicted value. The primary endpoint was improvement in PEF over the course. The secondary endpoint was the need for additional ED treatment at 120 minutes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The increase in PEF over the course was significantly greater in the oxitropium plus salbutamol treatment group (P <.0001). The mean absolute difference in PEF at 120 minutes for combination therapy compared with salbutamol alone was 37.8 L/min (P =.001). In addition, the proportion of need for additional ED treatment was less in the combination group than the group receiving salbutamol alone (odds ratio, 0.32; 95% confidence interval, 0.11-0.90).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Adding multiple doses of oxitropium bromide to salbutamol delivered by means of a metered-dose inhaler with a spacer device for acute severe asthma produces a significant improvement in lung function and reduces the need for additional ED treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Hamamatsu Rosai Hospital, Hamamatsu, Japan.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nakano
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Enomoto
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kawamoto
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hirai
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Chida
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000280:Administration, Inhalation; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000420:Albuterol / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D001249:Asthma / Q000188:drug therapy*; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009330:Nebulizers and Vaporizers / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012602:Scopolamine Derivatives / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013810:Therapeutic Equivalency
chemical_list: D012602:Scopolamine Derivatives; C017590:oxitropium; D000420:Albuterol