title: Intraoperative preplanning for transperineal ultrasound-guided permanent prostate brachytherapy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe our approach to intraoperative preplanning (INTRA-OP) for prostate implants and compare it to our standard method using a pre-implant volume study (STAND).
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty patients (10 STAND, 10 INTRA-OP) were evaluated. Time required for each step of the INTRA-OP procedure was recorded. Overall procedure times and operating room times were obtained for all sessions. Postimplant dosimetry was CT-based.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean times required for each stage of the INTRA-OP procedure were as follows: Pre-implant TRUS/prostate stabilization, 26 min; image transfer, 4 min; volume outlining, 8 min; plan generation, 18 min; initial needle loading, 17 min; seed implantation, 57 min. Mean time for the implantation session was 150 min for the INTRA-OP and 120 min for the STAND groups (p = 0.002). However, this difference is negated if the preplanning volume study is included. In addition, there was a trend toward a shorter time for the INTRA-OP patients when evaluating mean total operating room times (200 min vs. 220 min; p = 0.07). The mean postimplant %D80 for the INTRA-OP patients was 104. 8% vs. 116.2% for the STAND group (p = 0.1). The corresponding %D90 values were 85.3% and 94.6%, respectively (p = 0.08).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Intraoperative preplanning increased the time required for the implantation session, but appeared to decrease overall operating room time. The overall convenience of the procedure makes intraoperative preplanning an attractive technique for transperineal ultrasound-guided prostate brachytherapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Gewanter
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wuu
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Laguna
authors.forename: A E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Katz
authors.forename: R D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Ennis
mesh_terms: D001918:Brachytherapy / Q000379:methods*; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D006801:Humans; D007432:Intraoperative Period; D008297:Male; D010502:Perineum; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D013997:Time Factors; D018084:Ultrasonography, Interventional / Q000379:methods*