title: Antibody titers against bovine coronavirus and shedding of the virus via the respiratory tract in feedlot cattle.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe patterns of seroconversion to bovine coronavirus (BCV) and shedding of BCV from the respiratory tract in feedlot cattle.
  
  
  METHODS
  1,074 calves in feedlots in Ohio, Texas, and Nebraska.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nasal swab specimens were obtained at time of arrival (day 0) and at various times during the initial 28 days after arrival at feedlots. Specimens were tested for BCV, using an antigen-capture ELISA. Serum samples were obtained at time of arrival and again 28 days after arrival; sera were analyzed for antibodies to BCV, using an antibody-detection ELISA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Samples from 12 groups of cattle entering 7 feedlots during a 3-year period revealed that 78 of 1,074 (7.3%) cattle were shedding BCV (range, 0 to 35.9% within specific groups). At time of arrival, 508 of 814 (62.4%) cattle had low (< 50) or undetectable BCV antibody titers. Seroconversion to BCV during the initial 28 days after arrival was detected in 473 of 814 (58%) cattle tested (range, 20.3 to 84.1 % within specific groups). In cattle shedding BCV from the nasal passages, 49 of 68 (72.1 %) seroconverted, and 472 of 746 (63.3%) cattle that were not shedding the virus seroconverted.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Bovine coronavirus can be detected in populations of feedlot cattle in the form of viral shedding as well as seroconversion to the virus. Although only a few cattle were shedding the virus at the time of arrival at a feedlot, most of the cattle seroconverted to BCV by 28 days after arrival.
authors.affiliation: Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University, Wooster 44691-4096, USA.
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Lathrop
authors.forename: T E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Wittum
authors.forename: S C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Loerch
authors.forename: L J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Perino
authors.forename: L J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Saif
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D002418:Cattle Diseases / Q000821:virology*; D018352:Coronavirus Infections / Q000662:veterinary*; D017938:Coronavirus, Bovine / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay / Q000662:veterinary; D018445:Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical / Q000662:veterinary*; D009500:Neutralization Tests / Q000662:veterinary; D012137:Respiratory System / Q000821:virology*; D017201:Virus Shedding