title: Risk factors for HIV-1 seroprevalence among family planning clients in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
abstract: Between March and September of 1995, women receiving family planning (FP) services in three large clinics in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania were invited to participate in a cross-sectional study. Consenting women were interviewed to obtain information about HIV risk factors, and blood for HIV testing was collected. The prevalence of HIV was 16.9% (95% CI: 14.4%-19.3%). The risk of HIV increased significantly with age. Compared with married women, the risk of HIV was significantly higher among cohabiting women (age-adjusted OR = 2.3; 95% CI = 1.5-3.5) and among women who were single, divorced or widowed (age-adjusted OR = 2.3; 95% CI = 1.2-4.4). The risk of HIV was also significantly higher among hotel workers (age-adjusted OR = 4.3; 95% CI = 1.4-12.9). Women with laboratory evidence of sexually transmitted diseases were at increased risk of HIV. This study shows that HIV is a major public health problem among FP clients in Tanzania. Innovative HIV interventions are needed to reduce further spread of HIV infection.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Muhimbili University College of Health Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. skapiga@hsph.harvard.edu
authors.forename: S H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Kapiga
authors.forename: E F
authors.initials: EF
authors.lastname: Lyamuya
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Vuylsteke
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Spiegelman
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Larsen
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Hunter
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005193:Family Planning Services / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D015528:HIV Seroprevalence; D015497:HIV-1; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D017533:Marital Status / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D009790:Occupations / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012307:Risk Factors; D012749:Sexually Transmitted Diseases / Q000150:complications; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013636:Tanzania; D014505:Urban Population; D014930:Women / Q000193:education* / Q000523:psychology*