title: Intravenous bilirubin, dibromosulfophthalein, and bromosulfophthalein infusions uncouple biliary phospholipid and cholesterol secretion from bile acid secretion by inhibiting hepatic phosphoglycoprotein-3 activity in pigs.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Biliary secretion of organic anions disturbs the proportional relationship normally pertaining between biliary lipid and bile acid secretion. The mechanism causing this uncoupling of biliary lipid from bile acid secretion is incompletely understood. Impaired micellization of membrane lipids by bile due to biliary contamination with organic anions or lowering of biliary bile acid concentration by enhanced bile acid-independent bile flow has been proposed as causative factors. Recently, we found that hepatic phosphoglycoprotein 3 (pgp3) activity was reduced in pigs during bilirubin-induced uncoupling of biliary lipid from bile acid secretion. Pgp3 is the phosphatidylcholine flippase in the canalicular membrane sustaining biliary phospholipid secretion in pigs. This investigation was undertaken to examine whether bilirubin, dibromosulfophthalein, and bromosulfophthalein uncouple biliary lipid from bile acid secretion by the same mechanism.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Hepatic bile was collected from 24 anesthetized pigs before and during infusion of 0.63 micromol x kg body wt(-1) x min(-1) intravenous bilirubin, dibromosulfophthalein, or bromosulfophthalein. Bile acid secretion was varied by intraportal cholic acid infusion. Hepatic pgp3 expression was measured by means of Western blot, using C219 antibody. Bilirubin > dibromosulfophthalein > bromosulfophthalein lowered biliary lipid secretion without altering hepatic pgp3 expression, increased bile acid-independent bile flow (bromosulfophthalein > dibromosulfophthalein > bilirubin), and enhanced the capacity of bile to micellize membrane lipids as assayed by means of erythrocyte lysis. Biliary bile acid concentration did not determine biliary lipid secretion.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Bilirubin, dibromosulfophthalein, and bromosulfophthalein in bile uncouple biliary lipid from bile acid secretion by inhibiting hepatic pgp3 phosphatidylcholine flippase activity, putatively through diffusing into the pgp3 pore.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Experimental Medical Research and Research Forum, Ullevål Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: K J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Labori
authors.forename: B A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Bjørnbeth
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Hvattum
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Lyberg
authors.forename: M G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Raeder
mesh_terms: D018435:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D000818:Animals; D001647:Bile Acids and Salts / Q000378:metabolism*; D001663:Bilirubin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D008099:Liver / Q000201:enzymology*; D008297:Male; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D023421:Models, Animal; D010743:Phospholipids / Q000378:metabolism; D012016:Reference Values; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013448:Sulfobromophthalein / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013552:Swine
chemical_list: D018435:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B; D001647:Bile Acids and Salts; D008565:Membrane Proteins; C484254:Pgp3 protein, Sus scrofa; D010743:Phospholipids; D013448:Sulfobromophthalein; C012479:dibromosulphthalein; D002784:Cholesterol; D001663:Bilirubin