title: A hyperosmotic stimulus elevates intracellular calcium and inhibits proliferation of a human keratinocyte cell line.
abstract: Occlusion has previously been used to treat psoriatic plaques and was shown to improve the condition. We investigated the consequences of applying a mechanical stress, in vitro, on the HaCaT keratinocyte cell line. A mechanical load applied to cells can be mimicked by a hyperosmotic stimulus. Exposure of HaCaT keratinocytes to different hyperosmotic solutions (final osmolarity in the range 350-600 mOsm, produced by sucrose addition) resulted in an inhibition of cell proliferation after 96 h of treatment. As keratinocyte maturation is regulated by calcium levels, we measured hyperosmotic-stimulus-induced changes of intracellular calcium ([Ca2+]i) by single-cell image analysis employing FURA-2/AM. The hyperosmotic stimulus produced a rapid transient 2.6-fold elevation of [Ca2+]i followed by a gradual decay to the basal level. The transients originated from extracellular as well as from intracellular calcium pools and did not respond to voltage-sensitive calcium channel blockers. The hyperosmotic stimulus was shown to increase the cellular expression of involucrin, a differentiation marker, following 72 h of incubation, as measured by flow cytometry. Treatment of cells with the [Ca2+]i chelator BAPTA/AM almost completely blocked the [Ca2+]i elevation, but did not alter cellular growth or the induction of differentiation observed after hyperosmotic stimulus. It is suggested that treatment of keratinocytes with hyperosmotic stimulus can induce short-time effects (calcium transients) as well as long-term cellular maturation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel. dasc@post.tau.ac.il
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dascalu
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Matithyou
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Oron
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Korenstein
mesh_terms: D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism*; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D002460:Cell Line; D003600:Cytosol / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D007424:Intracellular Fluid / Q000737:chemistry; D015603:Keratinocytes / Q000166:cytology*; D009994:Osmolar Concentration; D009995:Osmosis / Q000502:physiology*; D011498:Protein Precursors / Q000096:biosynthesis; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D011498:Protein Precursors; C032253:involucrin; D002118:Calcium