title: The economic burden of congestive heart failure in a managed care population.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the economic burden of and treatment patterns for congestive heart failure (CHF) in a managed care population.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective review of medical and pharmacy claims.
  
  
  METHODS
  We reviewed integrated medical and pharmacy claims data from 6 independent-practice-association model health maintenance organizations to identify patients diagnosed with CHF. Of the approximately 1.4 million people enrolled in these managed care plans during the study period (January through December 1994), a total of 2777 patients (mean age, 56.9 years) met the study criteria, which included diagnostic codes for CHF and claims eligibility of at least 1 year. We reviewed the charges incurred by patients diagnosed with CHF for the 6 months after the initial CHF medical claim. We also examined the treatment received by each of these patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During the study period, 378 of the 2777 patients with CHF (14%) were admitted to the hospital at a cost of almost $3 million (an average of $7863 per hospitalized patient). Seventy-eight percent of the study population received prescription drugs, at an average per-patient cost of $942. The most commonly prescribed drug class was angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, prescribed for 38% of patients. Calcium channel blockers were prescribed for 33% of patients, but beta-blockers were prescribed for only 18% of patients. Hospitalization accounted for 54% of the total cost for CHF treatment, with prescription drugs accounting for 38%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Congestive heart failure represents a significant financial burden within a non-elderly managed care population. Improved management of the condition is needed to reduce the morbidity and mortality, as well as the costs of treatment, associated with CHF. Considerable data indicate that drugs such as beta-blockers and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors can significantly decrease the morbidity and mortality of CHF. Further investigation is needed into whether increased use of prescription pharmaceuticals may reduce hospitalization rates and overall costs for CHF in this setting.
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Economics and Outcomes Research, SmithKline Beecham Pharmaceuticals, Philadelphia, PA 19101, USA.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xuan
authors.forename: P T
authors.initials: PT
authors.lastname: Duong
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Russo
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Lacey
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Wong
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002317:Cardiovascular Agents / Q000145:classification / Q000191:economics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017281:Cost of Illness; D011307:Drug Prescriptions; D005260:Female; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000191:economics*; D006801:Humans; D007345:Insurance Claim Review; D008297:Male; D008329:Managed Care Programs / Q000458:organization & administration*; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies
chemical_list: D002317:Cardiovascular Agents