title: Pressure pain threshold in children with recurrent abdominal pain.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Experimental studies on humans have shown that recurrent pain is associated with altered pain perception. We measured the pressure pain threshold in regions of the body surface in a group of children who had recurrent abdominal pain and in a group of children with chronic or recurrent disease but with no pain.
  
  
  METHODS
  Each group consisted of 45 boys and 55 girls ranging in age from 5 to 15.8 years. The regions of the body were the trapezius, deltoid, and supraspinous muscles, nine areas on the abdominal wall, and the median part of the tibias. Using an algometer, pressure was applied through a rubber disc with a surface area of 1 cm2 at a rate of 0.5 kg/cm2/s. The pressure values recorded with the algometer when the children communicated that they started to feel pain were considered as pressure pain thresholds.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The pain thresholds were reduced in all regions investigated in children with recurrent pain. The median thresholds for all regions of the patients with and without pain were 1.60 and 2.2 kg/cm2, respectively. The diseases of children with pain did not influence the pain thresholds.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There was an association between recurrent abdominal pain and a lower pressure pain threshold, with no influence of the type of disease, and there was a central nervous system alteration in the perception of pain in these patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil. duartema@dedalus.lcc.ufmg.br
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Duarte
authors.forename: E M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Goulart
authors.forename: F J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Penna
mesh_terms: D000009:Abdominal Muscles / Q000502:physiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D015746:Abdominal Pain / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology*; D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000502:physiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000295:instrumentation; D017288:Pain Threshold; D011312:Pressure; D012008:Recurrence; D012189:Retrospective Studies