title: Acute response to precision, time pressure and mental demand during simulated computer work.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The electromyographic (EMG) activity of shoulder and forearm muscles was recorded during a standardized computer task with different combinations of time pressure, precision demands, and mental demands to study the interaction of these factors and their effect on muscular response during simulated computer work.
  
  
  METHODS
  The computer task lasted 5 minutes, and it was performed by 14 female computer-aided design (CAD) operators during 8 exposure combinations that differed with respect to time pressure, precision demand, and mental demand. Performance (number of produced drawings, mouse clicks, and errors) were recorded. The EMG activity was recorded from the trapezius, infraspinatus, deltoid, and extensor digitorum muscles. An electrogoniometer was used to measure wrist postures and movements.
  
  
  RESULTS
  High time pressure (combined with low precision and low mental demands) resulted in higher EMG activity for all the muscles and in a small increase in the number of produced drawings. High precision demands caused a large reduction in the number of produced drawings, but not always a change in EMG activity. High precision demands and high mental demands led to no change or a reduction in muscle activity because the number of drawings was greatly reduced.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The interaction between work pace and other exposure factors must be taken into account when the effects of changes in exposure demands on muscular response are predicted. Only then can it be predicted whether changing demands will constitute a risk of developing musculoskeletal disorders.
authors.affiliation: Department of Research in VDU-work, National Institute of Occupational Health, Copenhagen, Denmark. Lb@ami.dk
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Birch
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Juul-Kristensen
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Jensen
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Finsen
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Christensen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016288:Computer Terminals; D004576:Electromyography; D005260:Female; D005542:Forearm; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009140:Musculoskeletal Diseases / Q000209:etiology*; D009790:Occupations; D012782:Shoulder; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000150:complications / Q000209:etiology*; D013997:Time Factors; D016526:Workload