title: Usefulness of waveform analysis of popliteal artery in type II diabetic patients using gated magnetic resonance 2D-cine-PC imaging and 31P spectroscopy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We studied 76 patients with Type II (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus and 16 age-matched non-diabetic subjects (control group) to clarify qualitative and quantitative abnormalities of waveform and flow volume of the popliteal artery.
  
  
  METHODS
  The 76 diabetic patients comprised 16 patients with occlusive arterial disease in the lower extremities [arteriosclerosis obliterans (ASO) group] and 60 patients free from this disease (non-ASO group). We flow analysed the popliteal artery and measured the phosphocreatine to inorganic phosphate ratio of resting plantar muscles to identify risk factors for foot lesions using gated magnetic resonance two-dimensional cine-mode phase-contrast imaging and 31P spectroscopy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The control and non-ASO groups had a triphasic waveform with systolic, early and late diastolic components. All ASO patients had an abnormal monophasic waveform and a lower ankle brachial index than that of the control and non-ASO groups. To clarify the mechanism of reduced flow volume of lower extremities, we assigned the 60 patients of the non-ASO group to the three subgroups based on their levels of total flow volume of the popliteal artery. The lowest group showed an abnormal triphasic waveform with lower amplitudes of systolic and late diastolic components and flow velocities in foot arteries than those of the highest group although ABI was similar. From stepwise multiple regression analysis, late diastolic flow volume was identified as an independent determinant for the phosphocreatine to inorganic phosphate ratio (r2 = 0.484, p < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Waveform analysis of popliteal artery provides a powerful tool for identifying impaired peripheral circulation caused by either occlusive arterial disease or increased arterial resistance in diabetic patients.
authors.affiliation: Third Department of Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga, Japan.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kashiwagi
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nishio
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kojima
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Maegawa
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Haneda
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yasuda
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Morikawa
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Inubushi
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kikkawa
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001157:Arterial Occlusive Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003925:Diabetic Angiopathies / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003971:Diastole; D005260:Female; D005528:Foot / Q000098:blood supply; D006339:Heart Rate; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010758:Phosphorus; D011150:Popliteal Artery / Q000502:physiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D012016:Reference Values; D012039:Regional Blood Flow; D013599:Systole; D014655:Vascular Resistance
chemical_list: D010758:Phosphorus