title: PreOp endoscopy simulator: from bronchoscopy to ureteroscopy.
abstract: The high cost of virtual reality simulators has posed a major obstacle to the widespread adoption of simulators for medical training. HT Medical broke through this cost barrier by developing the PreOp Flexible Bronchoscopy simulator, a realistic training simulation system that integrates force feedback, multimedia, and 3D graphics on a PC. We are currently extending the PreOp platform so that it can simulate other endoscopic procedures. This paper discusses our efforts to extend the platform to simulate flexible sigmoidoscopy and ureteroscopy.
authors.affiliation: HT Medical Systems, Inc., Gaithersburg, Maryland 20878, USA.
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Tasto
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Verstreken
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Bauer
mesh_terms: D001999:Bronchoscopy; D003196:Computer Graphics; D003198:Computer Simulation; D004724:Endoscopy; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D012812:Sigmoidoscopy; D012985:Software Design; D018666:Ureteroscopy; D014584:User-Computer Interface