title: Failed back surgery syndrome.
abstract: Over the years, a number of treatments for persistent low back pain following spine surgery, the failed back surgery syndrome (FBSS), have been developed. The complexity of the clinical problem, the multidimensional nature of chronic pain, and general lack of rigorous study design, however, have obscured outcome assessment and hampered efforts to optimize patient selection criteria. Recent work has focused on refinement of existing therapies for FBSS and identification of factors that influence outcome and improve patient selection criteria. In combination with more rigorous study methodology, these efforts have led to improved understanding of the clinical response to a number of pharmacologic, surgical, and neuromodulation therapies for FBSS.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurological Surgery, L472, Oregon Health Sciences University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR 97201, USA. andersov@ohsu.edu
authors.forename: V C
authors.initials: VC
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Israel
mesh_terms: D015670:Acupuncture Therapy; D001416:Back Pain / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy*; D002908:Chronic Disease; D004558:Electric Stimulation / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D009294:Narcotics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018579:Patient Selection; D013116:Spinal Cord / Q000502:physiology; D013514:Surgical Procedures, Operative; D013577:Syndrome; D017211:Treatment Failure
chemical_list: D009294:Narcotics