title: Clinical factors associated with treatment noncompliance in euthymic bipolar patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Noncompliance with medication is a very common feature among bipolar patients. Rates of poor compliance may reach 64% for bipolar disorders, and noncompliance is the most frequent cause of recurrence. Knowledge of the clinical factors associated with noncompliance would enhance clinical management and the design of strategies to achieve a better outcome for bipolar patients. Although most patients withdraw from medication during maintenance treatment, compliance studies in euthymic bipolar samples are scarce.
  
  
  METHODS
  Compliance treatment and its clinical correlates were assessed at the end of 2-year follow-up in 200 patients meeting Research Diagnostic Criteria for bipolar I or bipolar II disorder by means of compliance-focused interviews, measurements of plasma concentrations of mood stabilizers, and 2 structured interviews: the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia and the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R Axis II disorders. Well-compliant patients and poorly compliant patients were compared with respect to several clinical and treatment variables.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The rate of mildly and poorly compliant patients was close to 40%. Comorbidity with personality disorders was strongly associated with poor compliance. Poorly compliant patients had a higher number of previous hospitalizations, but reported fewer previous episodes. The type of treatment was not associated with compliance.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Clinical factors, especially comorbidity with personality disorders, are more relevant for treatment compliance than other issues such as the nature of pharmacologic treatment. Compliant patients may have a better outcome in terms of number of hospitalizations, but not necessarily with respect to the number of episodes. Bipolar patients, especially those with personality disorders, should be monitored for treatment compliance.
authors.affiliation: Bipolar Disorders Program, Institut d'Investigacions Biomédiques Agustí Pi Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Colom
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Vieta
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Martínez-Arán
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Reinares
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Benabarre
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gastó
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000553:Ambulatory Care; D000927:Anticonvulsants / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology; D015897:Comorbidity; D005260:Female; D006760:Hospitalization / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D008094:Lithium / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010554:Personality Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011619:Psychotropic Drugs / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D016312:Treatment Refusal / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*
chemical_list: D000927:Anticonvulsants; D011619:Psychotropic Drugs; D008094:Lithium