title: The presence of antibacterial and opioid peptides in human plasma during coronary artery bypass surgery.
abstract: Antibacterial peptides, found in both invertebrates and vertebrates, represent a potential innate defense mechanism against microbial infections. However, it is unknown whether this process occurs in humans during surgery. We looked for evidence of release of antibacterial peptides during coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). We used immunological techniques and antibacterial assays combined with high-performance gel-permeation chromatography, reverse-phase HPLC, N-terminal sequencing and comparison with synthetic standards to characterize the peptide B/enkelytin. We show the presence of anionic antibacterial peptide, the peptide B/enkelytin which correspond to the C-terminal part of proenkephalin A, from the plasma of patients undergoing CABG. Our studies show that peptide B/enkelytin is initially present at low levels in plasma and is then released in increased amounts just after skin incision. Antibacterial assays confirmed that the peptides specifically target gram-positive bacteria. We also demonstrate that peptide B/enkelytin is metabolized in vivo to the opioid peptides methionine-enkephalin-Arg-Phe and methionine-enkephalin, peptides that we show have granulocyte chemotactic activity. These findings suggest that in humans, surgical incision leads to the release of antibacterial peptides. Furthermore, these antibacterial peptides can be metabolized into compounds that have immune-activating properties.
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire d'Endocrinologie des Annélides, UPRESA CNRS 8017, SN3, Université des Sciences et Technologies de Lille, F-59655 Cédex, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tasiemski
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Salzet
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Benson
authors.forename: G L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Fricchione
authors.forename: T V
authors.initials: TV
authors.lastname: Bilfinger
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Goumon
authors.forename: M H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Metz-Boutigue
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Aunis
authors.forename: G B
authors.initials: GB
authors.lastname: Stefano
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D001026:Coronary Artery Bypass; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000601:surgery; D004744:Enkephalin, Methionine / Q000097:blood / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification; D004745:Enkephalins / Q000097:blood* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification; D004926:Escherichia coli; D004927:Escherichia coli Infections / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology; D005260:Female; D016908:Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D015151:Immunoblotting; D008297:Male; D016982:Micrococcus luteus; D008875:Middle Aged; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000097:blood* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification; D011498:Protein Precursors / Q000097:blood / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification; D013203:Staphylococcal Infections / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D004745:Enkephalins; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D011498:Protein Precursors; C099820:enkelytin; C056943:peptide B; C029992:proenkephalin; D004744:Enkephalin, Methionine