title: Interleukin (IL)-4 is a major regulatory cytokine governing bioactive IL-12 production by mouse and human dendritic cells.
abstract: Interleukin (IL)-12 may be secreted as a bioactive T helper type 1 (Th1) cell-inducing heterodimer, as a monomer, or as an antagonistic homodimer. We analyzed the IL-12 produced by mouse splenic dendritic cells (DCs), human thymic DCs, and cultured human monocyte-derived DCs. IL-12 production required both a microbial or T cell-derived stimulus and an appropriate cytokine milieu. The different IL-12 forms were differentially regulated by the cytokines present rather than the stimulus used. IL-4 alone or together with granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor or interferon gamma effectively enhanced the production of the bioactive heterodimer and selectively reduced the antagonistic homodimer of IL-12. Therefore, IL-4, the major Th2-driving cytokine, provides a negative feedback causing DCs to produce the major Th1-inducing cytokine, bioactive IL-12.
authors.affiliation: Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria 3050, Australia.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hochrein
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: O'Keeffe
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Luft
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vandenabeele
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Grumont
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Maraskovsky
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shortman
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology*; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000494:pharmacology; D018664:Interleukin-12 / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics*; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D009000:Monocytes / Q000276:immunology; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology; D013154:Spleen / Q000276:immunology; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D013950:Thymus Gland / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D018664:Interleukin-12; D015847:Interleukin-4; D007371:Interferon-gamma; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor