Endocrine regulation of uncoupling proteins and energy expenditure.
Regulatory thermogenesis occurs upon exposure to the cold or during food intake. Among a variety of mechanisms leading to heat production, uncoupling of respiration in brown adipocyte mitochondria appears to be a major contributor to resistance to the cold in rodents. This uncoupling mechanism is due to the activity of uncoupling protein-1 (UCP-1), a specific carrier present in the inner membrane of mitochondria. The recent identification of UCP-2 and UCP-3, two homologues of the brown fat UCP, suggested that respiration uncoupling could contribute to thermogenesis in most tissues. Activity and expression of the three UCP's are stimulated by several neuromediators and hormones such as noradrenaline, tri-iodothyronine and leptin.
Ricquier
D
D
Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-Unité 9078, Meudon, France. ricquier@infobiogen.fr
Miroux
B
B
Larose
M
M
Cassard-Doulcier
A M
AM
Bouillaud
F
F
D002001:Adipose Tissue, Brown / Q000502:physiology; D000818:Animals; D001833:Body Temperature Regulation; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000502:physiology*; D004702:Endocrine Glands / Q000502:physiology*; D004734:Energy Metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007473:Ion Channels; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins; D024101:Mitochondrial Proteins; D011506:Proteins / Q000502:physiology*; D013564:Sympathetic Nervous System / Q000502:physiology; D014475:Uncoupling Agents; D000071246:Uncoupling Protein 2; D000071247:Uncoupling Protein 3
D002352:Carrier Proteins; D007473:Ion Channels; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins; D024101:Mitochondrial Proteins; D011506:Proteins; C000604389:UCP2 protein, human; C000604392:UCP3 protein, human; D014475:Uncoupling Agents; D000071246:Uncoupling Protein 2; D000071247:Uncoupling Protein 3