Vascular niche for adult hippocampal neurogenesis.
The thin lamina between the hippocampal hilus and granule cell layer, or subgranule zone (SGZ), is an area of active proliferation within the adult hippocampus known to generate new neurons throughout adult life. Although the neuronal fate of many dividing cells is well documented, little information is available about the phenotypes of cells in S-phase or how the dividing cells might interact with neighboring cells in the process of neurogenesis. Here, we make the unexpected observation that dividing cells are found in dense clusters associated with the vasculature and roughly 37% of all dividing cells are immunoreactive for endothelial markers. Most of the newborn endothelial cells disappear over several weeks, suggesting that neurogenesis is intimately associated with a process of active vascular recruitment and subsequent remodeling. The present data provide the first evidence that adult neurogenesis occurs within an angiogenic niche. This environment may provide a novel interface where mesenchyme-derived cells and circulating factors influence plasticity in the adult central nervous system.
Palmer
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TD
Stanford University, Department of Neurosurgery, Palo Alto, California 94305, USA. tpalmer@stanford.edu
Willhoite
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AR
Gage
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D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology; D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D001808:Blood Vessels / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology; D001973:Bromodeoxyuridine; D002196:Capillaries / Q000502:physiology; D002449:Cell Aggregation / Q000502:physiology; D002455:Cell Division; D002470:Cell Survival; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000166:cytology; D005260:Female; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000166:cytology*; D007381:Intermediate Filament Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D018919:Neovascularization, Physiologic / Q000502:physiology; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D064231:Nestin; D009457:Neuroglia / Q000502:physiology; D009474:Neurons / Q000166:cytology* / Q000502:physiology; D051381:Rats / Q000502:physiology*; D011916:Rats, Inbred F344; D016196:S Phase; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism
D007381:Intermediate Filament Proteins; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; C577486:Nes protein, rat; D064231:Nestin; D001973:Bromodeoxyuridine