title: Energy expenditure in chronic alcohol abuse.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In healthy subjects, alcohol decreases lipid oxidation favouring fat deposition. However, individuals who chronically abuse alcohol are not obese. To investigate this paradox, we measured energy expenditure (EE) and fuel utilization in chronic alcohol abusers in relation to their drinking behaviour.
  
  
  METHODS
  Resting and postprandial EE and nonprotein respiratory quotient (NPRQ) were measured using indirect calorimetry, in 36 alcohol abusers [mean (+/- SE) age 42 +/- 2 years; weight 67 +/- 2 kg; 21 with steatosis, eight with hepatitis; seven with cirrhosis] and in 36 gender-, age- and weight-matched healthy controls. Alcoholic patients were re-evaluated either after 14 days (n = 14) or on days 2, 4, 6, 8, 14 and 42 (n = 6) after abstinence.
  
  
  RESULTS
  When alcoholics were compared to healthy controls, mean energy intake was greater, 15 +/- 1 MJ day-1 (38 +/- 2% from alcohol) cf. 9 +/- 1 MJ day-1 (P < 0.001), resting EE increased, 82 +/- 2 cf. 65 +/- 2 W (P < 0.001) and NPRQ decreased, 0.75 +/- 0.02 cf. 0.82 +/- 0.01 (P < 0.001). The postprandial increases in EE and NPRQ were of similar magnitude in both groups. Abstinence from alcohol for 14 days was accompanied by reduced energy intake, 16 +/- 1 cf. 11 +/- 1 MJ day-1 (P < 0.005) and decreased resting EE, 84 +/- 5 cf. 73 +/- 4 W (P < 0.05). The decrease in resting EE consistently occurred 4 days after abstinence from alcohol.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Chronic alcohol abuse is associated with energy wasting and inhibition of adipose tissue accumulation. This may explain why alcoholics are not obese despite high total energy intakes.
authors.affiliation: Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA. Levine.james@mayo.edu
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Levine
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Harris
authors.forename: M Y
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Morgan
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000187:drug effects*; D000328:Adult; D000437:Alcoholism / Q000378:metabolism*; D004734:Energy Metabolism; D000431:Ethanol / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008107:Liver Diseases / Q000209:etiology; D008297:Male
chemical_list: D000431:Ethanol