title: The role of cyclooxygenase 2 in ulcerative colitis-associated neoplasia.
abstract: Cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) overexpression has been described in sporadic colonic neoplasia, but its role in ulcerative colitis (UC) neoplastic progression remains unexplored. Although the specific role of cyclooxygenase in colonic neoplasia is uncertain, its inhibition by nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs decreases the risk of sporadic colonic adenocarcinoma and causes regression of adenomas in familial adenomatous polyposis. To investigate the role of COX-2 in UC-associated neoplasia, we assessed COX-2 protein and mRNA expression throughout the spectrum of UC-associated neoplastic lesions in four total colectomy specimens, using immunocytochemistry and a novel TaqMan reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction assay. The findings were correlated with DNA ploidy and inflammatory activity. We found COX-2 overexpression throughout the neoplastic spectrum in UC (P: < 0.0001, R:(2)=0.53), even in diploid samples that were negative for dysplasia. Overall, neoplastic change explained 53% of the variation in COX-2 expression, whereas inflammatory activity explained only 11%. COX-2 was overexpressed in all aneuploid samples and in 38% of diploid samples (P: = 0.0074). cDNA representational difference analysis was also performed and revealed that COX-2 mRNA was an up-regulated cDNA representational difference analysis difference product. COX-2 overexpression occurs early in UC-associated neoplasia, and the increase cannot be explained by inflammatory activity alone. The data suggest that COX-2-specific inhibitors may have a chemopreventative role in UC but the possibility that they could exacerbate UC inflammatory activity needs to be tested.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and the Division of Gastroenterology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.
authors.forename: S N
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Agoff
authors.forename: T A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Brentnall
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Crispin
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Raaka
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Haggitt
authors.forename: M W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Reed
authors.forename: I A
authors.initials: IA
authors.lastname: Afonina
authors.forename: P S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Rabinovitch
authors.forename: A C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Stevens
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.forename: M P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Bronner
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000201:enzymology / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology; D003093:Colitis, Ulcerative / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000473:pathology; D003110:Colonic Neoplasms / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000473:pathology; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm / Q000032:analysis; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006801:Humans; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D011003:Ploidies; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D019914:Taq Polymerase / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D004273:DNA, Neoplasm; D007527:Isoenzymes; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; C496540:PTGS2 protein, human; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases; D019914:Taq Polymerase