title: Determination of gestational age in medium and small size bitches using ultrasonographic fetal measurements.
abstract: A study was undertaken to estimate gestational age, in terms of days from parturition, in medium and small size dogs by ultrasonographic examination. Serial ultrasonographic examinations were performed in four medium size pregnant bitches throughout two consecutive pregnancies and three small size pregnant bitches throughout one pregnancy, in order to determine the range of variation in the size of selected fetal structures throughout gestation. Formulae were derived to estimate the expected delivery date for both groups of bitches by measuring anatomical fetal structures, so that this method could be applied to a large number of different breeds. The determination of gestational age could be achieved with reasonable precision by selecting fetal structures. Prediction of parturition date was accurate to within one day by ultrasonographic measurement of the diameter of the gestational sac in early pregnancy and the biparietal diameter in late pregnancy in both small size breeds and medium size breeds.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: G C
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Luvoni
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Grioni
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004285:Dogs; D004628:Embryonic Structures / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D005314:Embryonic and Fetal Development; D005260:Female; D005865:Gestational Age; D007743:Labor, Obstetric; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011247:Pregnancy; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013997:Time Factors; D016216:Ultrasonography, Prenatal / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary*