title: PTEN/MMAC1 expression in esophageal squamous cell carcinomas.
abstract: The PTEN/MMAC1 gene at 10q23.3 is a novel tumor suppressor gene candidate. Various kinds of tumors have mutations in this gene. However, in some cancers PTEN/MMAC1 gene may be inactivated by mechanisms other than gene deletion and mutation, including promoter methylation or translational modification. The aim of this study was to determine whether there are abnormalities in the expression of PTEN/MMAC1 gene in esophageal cancer. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and western blot were used to examine PTEN/MMAC1 expression in human esophageal squamous cell lines and normal cultured esophageal epithelial cells. Immunohistochemical staining was carried out to detect PTEN/MMAC1 expression in surgically resected esophageal squamous cell carcinomas and normal esophageal epithelium. All 30 esophageal cancer cell lines (KYSE series) and normal cultured esophageal epithelial cells expressed PTEN/MMAC1 mRNA. Western blot analysis confirmed that all the cell lines expressed PTEN/MMAC1 protein and there was no difference in expression level. Immunohistochemical study showed that the PTEN/MMAC1 protein was localized dominantly in the cytoplasm and strongly stained in all 42 surgically resected esophageal squamous cell carcinomas and normal esophageal epithelium. PTEN/MMAC1 is rarely associated with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma carcinogenesis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery and Surgical Basic Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Sakyoku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shimada
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kano
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Itami
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kawabe
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Maeda
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kaganoi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Imamura
mesh_terms: D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D051059:PTEN Phosphohydrolase; D010744:Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics*; D012334:RNA, Neoplasm / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins
chemical_list: D012334:RNA, Neoplasm; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins; D010744:Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases; D051059:PTEN Phosphohydrolase; C494929:PTEN protein, human