title: Antiplatelet effects of clopidogrel compared with aspirin after myocardial infarction: enhanced inhibitory effects of combination therapy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We sought to compare the inhibitory effects of the combination of two doses of aspirin plus clopidogrel with either drug alone on platelet aggregation and activation.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Enhanced platelet inhibitory effects of clopidogrel by aspirin on platelet aggregation and activation are suggested by experimental studies but have not been shown in humans.
  
  
  METHODS
  The effects of clopidogrel 75 mg or aspirin 100 (300) mg on platelet aggregation and activation by flow cytometry after stimulation with various agonists were determined in 30 patients with a past history of myocardial infarction.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Clopidogrel alone or in combination with aspirin markedly inhibited adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-mediated platelet aggregation compared with monotherapy with aspirin (24.6 +/- 3.3% or 26.6 +/- 2.7% vs. 44.7 +/- 2.9%; p < 0.001). Combined treatment significantly inhibited collagen-induced aggregation compared with aspirin and clopidogrel (16.4 +/- 2.4%, 36.5 +/- 4.2% and 59.3 +/- 5.1%, respectively;, p < 0.001) and resulted in considerable inhibition of aggregation induced by thrombin receptor agonist peptide (TRAP, p < 0.03). Clopidogrel with or without aspirin significantly suppressed expression of platelet activation markers CD 62p, CD 63 and PAC-1 after stimulation with ADP or thrombin (p < 0.001). In addition, the combined treatment was more effective than either agent alone after activation with low dose thrombin (p < 0.05). Both doses of aspirin equally potentiated the platelet inhibitory effects of clopidogrel. CONCLUSIONS In this prospective clinical ex vivo platelet study, clopidogrel was more effective than aspirin in inhibiting ADP-mediated platelet aggregation and activation. Clopidogrel in combination with aspirin showed synergistic inhibitory effects after stimulation with collagen and thrombin compared with monotherapies. Thus, this dual antiplatelet treatment strategy deserves further evaluation in clinical trials for secondary prevention of acute myocardial infarction or unstable angina.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology and Thrombosis Research, University Hospital Bern, Switzerland.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Moshfegh
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Redondo
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Julmy
authors.forename: W A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Wuillemin
authors.forename: M U
authors.initials: MU
authors.lastname: Gebauer
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Haeberli
authors.forename: B J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Meyer
mesh_terms: D000244:Adenosine Diphosphate / Q000494:pharmacology; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000378:metabolism; D001241:Aspirin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001769:Blood / Q000187:drug effects; D000077144:Clopidogrel; D003094:Collagen / Q000494:pharmacology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D054641:Dual Specificity Phosphatase 2; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy*; D019007:P-Selectin / Q000378:metabolism; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000494:pharmacology; D015539:Platelet Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D010974:Platelet Aggregation / Q000187:drug effects; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010980:Platelet Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000378:metabolism; D011446:Prospective Studies; D054648:Protein Phosphatase 2; D017027:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases / Q000378:metabolism; D060149:Tetraspanin 30; D013988:Ticlopidine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD; C554586:CD63 protein, human; D019007:P-Selectin; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; D010980:Platelet Membrane Glycoproteins; D060149:Tetraspanin 30; C072032:thrombin receptor peptide (42-55); D000244:Adenosine Diphosphate; D003094:Collagen; D000077144:Clopidogrel; D054648:Protein Phosphatase 2; C517032:DUSP2 protein, human; D054641:Dual Specificity Phosphatase 2; D017027:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases; D013988:Ticlopidine; D001241:Aspirin