title: Three-dimensional small-volume irradiation for residual or recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To minimize side effects and to achieve a high local control rate, three-dimensional (3D) small-volume irradiation was used for locally residual or recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between July 1992 and March 1998, 18 tumors (12 residual and 6 local recurrent cases) were treated with 3D planned small-volume irradiation. The total dose (i.e., the dose of conventional radiotherapy plus that of the 3D irradiation) was 78.4 Gy (74.8-91.0 Gy) in its mean value for residual disease and 105.0 Gy (94.8-125 Gy) for recurrence. The mean value of the 90% isodose volume was 40.3 cc (8.0-94.0 cc). The mean follow-up period from the start of the boost or re-irradiation was 39 months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The 3-year local control rate of the 12 residual tumors was 70%. Of 9 T4 residual tumors, 7 were controlled at a follow-up period between 17 and 70 months (median of 42 months). Of 6 recurrent tumors treated with re-irradiation, 3 were controlled at a follow-up period between 7 and 28 months. In the case of booster therapy, trismus occurred in 1 patient with a total dose of 91 Gy. Among the patients receiving re-irradiation, a temporary ulceration of the nasopharyngeal mucosa developed in 1 patient with a total dose of 111 Gy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  3D small-volume irradiation was effective and safe in treating residual or recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan. trout@med.hokudai.ac.jp
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nishioka
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shirato
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kagei
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fukuda
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hashimoto
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ohmori
mesh_terms: D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D009303:Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000401:mortality / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D018365:Neoplasm, Residual; D011832:Radiation Injuries / Q000209:etiology; D011879:Radiotherapy Dosage; D020266:Radiotherapy, Conformal / Q000379:methods*; D015996:Survival Rate