title: Storage of G-CSF-mobilized granulocyte concentrates.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Current standards limit granulocyte storage to 24 hours. Since G-CSF inhibits granulocyte apoptosis, it may be possible to store G-CSF-mobilized granulocytes for longer periods while maintaining cell viability and function. However, G-CSF mobilization increases the yield of granulocytes several times, and the resulting higher cell concentrations may diminish viability during storage and significant levels of pyrogenic cytokines may be produced.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ten granulocyte donors were given dexamethasone (8 mg PO), G-CSF (5 microg/kg SQ), or both and on the next day granulocyte concentrates were collected using a blood cell separator. Component cell counts, cell viablilities, pH, and IL-1beta, IL-6, IL-8 and TNF levels were measured at 2 to 4 (2), 20 to 28 (24), and 44 to 52 hours (48 hours).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Significantly more granulocytes were collected when donors were given G-CSF (4.2 +/- 2.3 x 10(10)) or G-CSF plus dexamethasone (6.4 +/- 2.5 x 10(10)) compared with that collected with dexamethasone alone (2.2 +/- 1.2 x 10(10)); p = 0.03 and p = 0.002, respectively. Storage had little effect on WBC count. Slight but significant increases in IL-1beta and IL-8 occurred after 24 and 48 hours as compared to the levels at 2 hours' storage. Levels of IL-6 and TNF did not change. The pH dropped significantly with time in granulocytes mobilized with each regimen. Granulocytes mobilized with G-CSF plus dexamethasone were acidic immediately after collection, and pH was below 6.0 after 24 hours. To assess the effect of cell concentrations on pH, serial dilutions were performed on 13 granulocyte concentrates in autologous plasma prior to storage. The pH remained above 7.0 only when dexamethasone-mobilized granulocytes were diluted 1-in-8 and when the G-CSF plus dexamethasone-mobilized granulocytes were diluted 1-in-16.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  To optimize storage pH, mobilized granulocyte concentrates require a 1-in-8 to 1-in-16 dilution, which is operationally impractical. Clinical-grade granulocyte preservative solutions are needed to maintain pH during storage.
authors.affiliation: Department of Transfusion Medicine, Warren G. Magnuson Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-1184, USA.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Lightfoot
authors.forename: S F
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Leitman
authors.forename: D F
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Stroncek
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D001793:Blood Preservation / Q000295:instrumentation; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000187:drug effects; D003907:Dexamethasone / Q000494:pharmacology; D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006098:Granulocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000637:transplantation; D006801:Humans; D007937:Leukapheresis / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor; D003907:Dexamethasone