title: The clinical profile of patients with suspected cardiogenic shock due to predominant left ventricular failure: a report from the SHOCK Trial Registry. SHould we emergently revascularize Occluded Coronaries in cardiogenic shocK?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We sought to evaluate the frequency of pulmonary congestion and associated clinical and hemodynamic findings in patients with suspected cardiogenic shock (CS).
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  The prevalence of pulmonary congestion in the setting of CS is uncertain.
  
  
  METHODS
  The 571 SHOCK Trial Registry patients with predominant left ventricular failure (LVF) were divided into four groups: Group A = no pulmonary congestion/no hypoperfusion = 14 (3%), Group B = isolated pulmonary congestion = 32 (6%), Group C = isolated hypoperfusion = 158 (28%) and Group D = congestion with hypoperfusion = 367 (64%). Statistical comparisons between Group C and D only, with regard to patient demographics, hemodynamics, treatment and outcome, were made.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A significant proportion of patients with shock had no pulmonary congestion (Group C = 28%, 95% CI, 24% to 31%). Age and gender in this group were similar to Group D. Group C patients were less likely to have a prior MI (p = 0.028), congestive heart failure (p = 0.005) and renal insufficiency (p = 0.032), and the index MI was less likely to be anterior (p = 0.044). Cardiac output, cardiac index and ejection fraction were similar for the two groups but pulmonary capillary wedge pressure was slightly lower for Group C (22 vs. 24 mm Hg, p = 0.012). Treatment with thrombolysis, angioplasty and bypass surgery was similar in the two groups. In-hospital mortality rates for Groups C and D were 70% and 60%, respectively (p = 0.036). After adjustment, this difference was no longer statistically significant (p = 0.153).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Absence of pulmonary congestion at initial clinical evaluation does not exclude a diagnosis of CS due to predominant LVF and is not associated with a better prognosis.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, St. Luke's-Roosevelt Hospital Center, Columbia University, New York, New York 10025, USA. Vmenon@aol.com
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Menon
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: White
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: LeJemtel
authors.forename: J G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Webb
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Sleeper
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Hochman
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001794:Blood Pressure; D006328:Cardiac Catheterization; D002316:Cardiotonic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017023:Coronary Angiography; D005260:Female; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D017052:Hospital Mortality; D006801:Humans; D007022:Hypotension / Q000150:complications / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D007423:Intra-Aortic Balloon Pumping; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy; D009204:Myocardial Revascularization; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011669:Pulmonary Wedge Pressure; D012042:Registries; D012770:Shock, Cardiogenic / Q000209:etiology* / Q000401:mortality / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D015912:Thrombolytic Therapy; D014662:Vasoconstrictor Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018487:Ventricular Dysfunction, Left / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy
chemical_list: D002316:Cardiotonic Agents; D014662:Vasoconstrictor Agents