title: Nociceptin/orphanin FQ and neurotransmitter release in the central nervous system.
abstract: In this article, the effect of nociceptin (orphanin FQ) on transmitter release in the central nervous system in vitro and in vivo is reviewed. Nociceptin inhibits the electrically or K(+)-evoked noradrenaline, dopamine, serotonin, and glutamate release in brain slices from guinea-pig, rat, and mouse. This effect is usually naloxone-resistant but antagonized by OP(4) receptor antagonists like [Phe(1)psi(CH(2)-NH)Gly(2)]-nociceptin(1-13)NH(2). In the rat in vivo, nociceptin diminishes acetylcholine release in the striatum, reduces dopamine release, and prevents the stimulatory effect of morphine on this transmitter in the nucleus accumbens and also elevates extracellular glutamate and gamma-aminobutyric acid levels in mesencephalic dopaminergic areas. The effect of nociceptin on the mesencephalic dopaminergic system might explain its actions on motor behavior.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Bonn, Reuterstr. 2b, D-53113, Bonn, Germany. e.schlicker@uni-bonn.de
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Schlicker
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Morari
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D004298:Dopamine / Q000378:metabolism; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D018698:Glutamic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D006168:Guinea Pigs; D051379:Mice; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009020:Morphine / Q000494:pharmacology; D009270:Naloxone / Q000494:pharmacology; D009292:Narcotic Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D009638:Norepinephrine / Q000378:metabolism; D018847:Opioid Peptides / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000502:physiology; D011188:Potassium / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D011957:Receptors, Opioid / Q000378:metabolism; D012701:Serotonin / Q000378:metabolism; D014665:Vasodilator Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D005680:gamma-Aminobutyric Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D000094942:Nociceptin Receptor; D000097629:Nociceptin
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D004298:Dopamine; D018698:Glutamic Acid; D009020:Morphine; D009270:Naloxone; D009292:Narcotic Antagonists; D009638:Norepinephrine; D018847:Opioid Peptides; D011188:Potassium; D011957:Receptors, Opioid; D012701:Serotonin; D014665:Vasodilator Agents; D005680:gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; D000094942:Nociceptin Receptor; D000097629:Nociceptin