Stereochemistry of halopyridyl and thiazolyl thiourea compounds is a major determinant of their potency as nonnucleoside inhibitors of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase.
Chiral derivatives of two cyclohexylethyl halopyridyl thiourea compounds (HI-509 and HI-510), two alpha-methyl benzyl halopyridyl compounds (HI-511 and HI-512), and a cyclohexyl ethyl thiazolyl thiourea compound (HI-513) were synthesized as nonnucleoside inhibitors (NNI) of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) reverse transcriptase (RT). The R stereoisomers of all five compounds inhibited the recombinant RT in vitro with 100-fold lower IC50 values. HI-509R, HI-510R, HI-511R, HI-512R and HI-513R were active anti-HIV agents and inhibited HIV-1 replication in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells at nanomolar concentrations, whereas their enantiomers were inactive. Each of these five compounds was also active against NNI-resistant HIV-1 strains, with HI-511R being the most active agent. When tested against the NNI-resistant HIV-1 strain A17 with a Y181C mutation in RT, HI-511R was found to be 10,000-times more active than nevirapine, 5000-times more active than delavirdine, and 50-times more active than trovirdine. HI-511 R inhibited the HIV-strain A17 variant, containing RT mutations Y181C plus K103N, with an IC50 value of 2.7 microM, whereas the IC50 values of nevirapine, delavirdine, and trovirdine against this highly NNI-resistant HIV-1 strain were >100 microM.
Venkatachalam
T K
TK
Department of Chemistry, Parker Hughes Institute, St. Paul, MN, USA.
Sudbeck
E A
EA
Mao
C
C
Uckun
F M
FM
D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques; D018432:Drug Resistance, Multiple; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology; D006801:Humans; D020128:Inhibitory Concentration 50; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000821:virology; D008958:Models, Molecular; D011725:Pyridines / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000494:pharmacology; D018894:Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D013237:Stereoisomerism; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D013890:Thiourea / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000494:pharmacology
D019380:Anti-HIV Agents; D011725:Pyridines; D018894:Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors; C422524:halopyridyl thiourea; C422523:thiazolyl thiourea; D013890:Thiourea