title: Multiresidue method for the analysis of five antifouling agents in marine and coastal waters by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry with large-volume injection.
abstract: A simple multiresidue method has been developed for the determination of five pesticides, commonly used as active ingredients in antifouling paints, in seawater samples. The pesticides studied were: chlorothalonil (2,4,5,6-tetrachloroisophthalonitrile), dichlofluanid (N-dimethyl-N-phenylsulphamide), Sea-Nine 211 (4,5-dichloro-2-n-octyl-4-isothazolin-3-one), Irgarol 1051 (2-methylthio-4-tert.-butylamino-6-cyclopropylamino-s-triazine) and TCMTB (2-thiocyanomethylthiobenzothiazole). The analytes were extracted from 200 ml water samples, using solid-phase extraction. A copolymer with hydrophilic-lipophilic balance was used as sorbent yielding good recoveries (82-95%) for most compounds except dichlofluanid and Sea-Nine 211 (<60%). Large volume injection (10 microl) gas chromatography and electron impact ionization MS (selected ion monitoring mode) detection enabled these compounds to be identified and quantified at the 1.2-3.0 ng/l level. Analysis of samples performed in three marinas in Almería (Spain) revealed the presence of Irgarol 1051 in all the cases, at concentration levels between 25 and 450 ng/l.
authors.affiliation: Pesticide Residue Research Group, University of Almería, Spain.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Agüera
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Piedra
authors.forename: M D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Hernando
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Fernández-Alba
mesh_terms: D000814:Aniline Compounds / Q000032:analysis; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods*; D007267:Injections; D009570:Nitriles / Q000032:analysis; D010575:Pesticides / Q000032:analysis*; D011786:Quality Control; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012623:Seawater / Q000032:analysis; D014227:Triazines / Q000032:analysis; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D000814:Aniline Compounds; D009570:Nitriles; D010575:Pesticides; D014227:Triazines; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C103341:irgarol 1051; C016370:dichlofluanid; C005806:tetrachloroisophthalonitrile