AT(1) and AT(2) receptors in the kidney: role in disease and treatment.
All components of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) are present in the kidneys and constitute a functioning renal RAS. Angiotensin II (Ang II) receptor subtypes AT(1) and AT(2) have been identified in the afferent and efferent arterioles, glomeruli, mesangial cells, and proximal tubules. AT(1) receptors regulate vasoconstriction and sodium and water reabsorption, as well as promote cell growth, proliferation, and collagen matrix deposition. Recent animal studies are elucidating the role of the less well understood AT(2) receptors. The AT(2) receptors appear to counterbalance the AT(1) receptors by increasing the production of bradykinin, nitric oxide, and cyclic guanosine monophosphate-mediating vasodilation and by promoting cell differentiation, antiproliferation, and apoptosis. Ang II subtype 1 receptor blockers prevent Ang II activation of the AT(1) receptor while leaving the AT(2) receptor open to Ang II stimulation.
Siragy
H M
HM
Department of Medicine, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA. hms7a@virginia.edu
D000042:Absorption; D000804:Angiotensin II / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000502:physiology*; D057911:Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists; D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000502:physiology; D001160:Arterioles / Q000502:physiology; D001834:Body Water / Q000378:metabolism; D001920:Bradykinin / Q000378:metabolism; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000502:physiology; D002455:Cell Division / Q000502:physiology; D003094:Collagen / Q000378:metabolism; D006152:Cyclic GMP / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000098:blood supply / Q000502:physiology*; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology*; D007678:Kidney Glomerulus / Q000502:physiology; D007687:Kidney Tubules, Proximal / Q000502:physiology; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D011945:Receptors, Angiotensin / Q000145:classification / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D012084:Renin-Angiotensin System / Q000502:physiology; D012964:Sodium / Q000378:metabolism; D014661:Vasoconstriction / Q000502:physiology; D014664:Vasodilation / Q000502:physiology
D057911:Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists; D011945:Receptors, Angiotensin; D000804:Angiotensin II; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D003094:Collagen; D012964:Sodium; D006152:Cyclic GMP; D001920:Bradykinin