title: Evaluation of two commercially available immunoassays for the detection of hantavirus antibodies in serum samples.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  hantaviruses are members of the family Bunyaviridae and the spectrum of clinical symptoms in humans may vary from sub-clinical to severe haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) or pulmonary syndrome (HPS). Several serotypes have been described from which at least five are pathogenic to humans. Each serotype has a different animal reservoir and geographical distribution. In the acute phase of the disease the clinical diagnosis may be confirmed by serology or by polymerase-chain reaction (PCR).
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  to evaluate two commercially available immunoassays using sera from hantavirus suspected and non-hantavirus patients: an enzyme immunoassay (EIA) developed by MRL Diagnostics, for the detection of immunoglobulins M (IgM) and G (IgG) against several hantavirus serotypes and an indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) from Progen, based on slides coated with Hantaan virus (HNTV) and Puumala virus (PUUV), infected cells.
  
  
  METHODS
  a total of 145 serum samples were used for this study. The serum panel included serum samples from patients suspected of mild (n=91), severe (n=10) HFRS and patients with other viral infections (n=44).
  
  
  RESULTS
  the agreement between the MRL EIA and the Progen IFA for the detection of IgM and IgG serum antibodies ranged from 87 to 91%, respectively. In the non-hantavirus group one out of 44 samples was positive by the Progen HNTV IgM IFA, none in the Progen PUUV IFA and two samples in the MRL IgM EIA, resulting in specificities of 98, 100 and 95%, respectively. The sensitivities and specificities of the MRL EIAs compared to the Progen overall PUUV and HNTV IFAs were 90 and 91% for IgM, respectively, and 96% for IgG in both immunoassays.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  the MRL EIA proved to be relatively sensitive and specific assay for the serological diagnosis of mild and severe HFRS.
authors.affiliation: Department of Virology, Laboratory for Exotic Viral Infections, Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, Dr. Molenwaterplein 40, 3015GD, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Koraka
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Avsic-Zupanc
authors.forename: A D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Osterhaus
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Groen
mesh_terms: D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood*; D005069:Evaluation Studies as Topic; D019084:Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect; D006476:Orthohantavirus / Q000276:immunology*; D018778:Hantavirus Infections / Q000175:diagnosis*; D006801:Humans; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D011933:Reagent Kits, Diagnostic; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
chemical_list: D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D011933:Reagent Kits, Diagnostic