title: Creating fast finite element models from medical images.
abstract: The procedure for creating a patient-specific virtual tissue model with finite element (FE) based haptic (force) feedback varies substantially from that which is required for generating a typical volumetric model. In addition to extracting geometrical and texture map data to provide visual realism, it is necessary to obtain information for supporting a FE model. Among many differences, FE-based VR environments require a FE model with appropriate material properties assigned. The FE equation must also be processed in a manner specific to the surgical task in order to maximize deformation and haptic computation speed. We are currently developing methodologies and support software for creating patient-specific models from medical images. The steps for creating such a model are as follows: 1) obtain medical images and texture maps of tissue structures; 2) extract tissue structure contours; 3) generate a 3D mesh from the tissue structure contours; 4) alter mesh based on simulation objectives; 5) assign material properties, boundary nodes and texture maps; 6) generate a fast (or real-time) FE model; and 7) support the tissue models with task-specific tools and training aids. This paper will elaborate on the above steps with particular reference to the creation of suturing simulation software, which will also be described.
authors.affiliation: Human Interface Technology Lab, University of Washington, Seattle, USA.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Berkley
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Oppenheimer
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Weghorst
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Berg
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Raugi
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Haynor
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ganter
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Brooking
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Turkiyyah
mesh_terms: D003196:Computer Graphics; D003198:Computer Simulation; D020342:Finite Element Analysis; D013502:General Surgery / Q000295:instrumentation; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000295:instrumentation*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000295:instrumentation; D012984:Software; D014584:User-Computer Interface