title: Immune reaction against the cytoskeleton in coeliac disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The cytoskeleton actin network of intestinal microvilli has been found to be rapidly impaired after gluten challenge in coeliac disease (CD). The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of an immune reaction towards cytoskeleton structures such as actin filaments in CD.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighty three antiendomysial antibody positive CD patients (52 children and 31 adults) were studied at our outpatient clinics from 1996 to 1998 using indirect immunofluorescence, ELISA, and western blotting for antiactin (AAA) and antitissue transglutaminase (TGA) antibodies before and after a gluten free diet (GFD). Sixteen patients with smooth muscle antibody positive autoimmune hepatitis, 21 with inflammatory bowel diseases, seven with small bowel bacterial overgrowth, and 60 healthy subjects were studied as controls.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fifty nine of 83 CD patients (28/31 adults (90.3%); 31/52 children (59.6%)) were positive for IgA and/or IgG AAA. Seventy seven (92.7%) were positive for IgA TGA. IgA AAA were strongly correlated with more severe degrees of intestinal villous atrophy (p<0.0001; relative risk 86.17). After a GFD, AAA became undetectable within five months.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Apart from the immune reaction against the extracellular matrix, we have described an immune reaction against the cytoskeleton in both children and adults with CD. As AAA are strongly associated with more severe degrees of villous atrophy, they may represent a useful serological marker of severe intestinal atrophy in CD.
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Biotecnologie, Servizio delle Malattie Metaboliche del Bambino, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy.
authors.forename: M G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Clemente
authors.forename: M P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Musu
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Frau
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Brusco
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sole
authors.forename: G R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Corazza
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: De Virgiliis
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001323:Autoantibodies; D015153:Blotting, Western; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002446:Celiac Disease / Q000178:diet therapy / Q000276:immunology*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003599:Cytoskeleton / Q000276:immunology*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D019084:Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect; D006801:Humans; D007070:Immunoglobulin A / Q000032:analysis; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000032:analysis; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011503:Transglutaminases / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D001323:Autoantibodies; D007070:Immunoglobulin A; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D011503:Transglutaminases