title: Options for tissue engineering to address challenges of the aging skeleton.
abstract: There will be more than 52 million Americans over the age of 65 by the year 2020 (U.S. Census Bureau). Regenerating form and function to bone defects in an elderly, osteoporotic population of this magnitude will be a daunting challenge. Tissue engineering options must be considered to answer this challenge. Options can include gene transfer technology, stem cell therapy, and recombinant signaling molecules. An additional component will be a carrier that localizes, protects, predictably releases cues and cells, as well as establishes an environment for restoring osseous form and function. The purposes of this article are to present an overview of the bone regenerating decrement affecting osteoporotic, elderly patients and to highlight some tissue engineering options that could offset this decrement.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Biological Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213-3890, USA.
authors.forename: J O
authors.initials: JO
authors.lastname: Hollinger
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Winn
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bonadio
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology*; D000818:Animals; D001698:Biomedical Engineering; D001861:Bone Regeneration; D018014:Gene Transfer Techniques; D006801:Humans; D010024:Osteoporosis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D014481:United States