title: Extrahepatic large hepatocellular carcinoma with peritoneal dissemination: multimodal treatment, including four surgical operations.
abstract: We report a patient with extrahepatically growing large hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) associated with disseminated intraabdominal tumor and spontaneous tumor bleeding who was treated with four operations, transcatheter arterial embolization, systemic chemotherapy, and hyperthermia. It took 12 months for the multimodal treatment to normalize the alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) level, and remission continued for 6 months. We performed the fourth surgical treatment for a recurrent abdominal tumor involving the small intestine and mesentery, but the patient died 26 months after the first admission. Multimodal treatment, including repeat surgical treatments, for such advanced HCC should be encouraged, to prolong life and to maintain quality of life.
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, Kyoto University Hospital, 54 Kawaracho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Takeda
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Utsunomiya
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Okamura
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kataoka
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mukaihara
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yamaoka
mesh_terms: D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000556:secondary* / Q000628:therapy*; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D004621:Embolization, Therapeutic / Q000379:methods; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006498:Hepatectomy / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D006979:Hyperthermia, Induced / Q000379:methods; D008111:Liver Function Tests; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010534:Peritoneal Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000556:secondary* / Q000628:therapy*; D012086:Reoperation; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D016896:Treatment Outcome