title: Dietary glycemic index in relation to metabolic risk factors and incidence of coronary heart disease: the Zutphen Elderly Study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine whether a high dietary glycemic index is associated with hyperinsulinemia, hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia and coronary heart disease (CHD) risk in elderly men.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective study of incidence of major CHD (non-fatal myocardial infarction or death due to CHD) between 1985 and 1995 in 646 men, and a cross-sectional analysis of metabolic risk factors in 1990 in 394 men.
  
  
  METHODS
  Population based study in the Dutch town Zutphen.
  
  
  METHODS
  Men aged 64-84 y in 1985 without a history of CHD or diabetes, whose diet was assessed with the cross-check dietary history method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The dietary glycemic index was positively correlated with consumption (g carbohydrate) of wheat bread (r=0.47) and sugar products (r=0.41) and inversely with fruit (r=-0.37) and milk (r=-0.40) consumption. During 4527 person-years of follow-up, 94 cases of CHD were documented. The risk ratio for CHD was 1.11 (95% CI, 0.66-1.87) for the highest as compared to the lowest tertile of glycemic index after correction for age, body mass index, physical activity, cigarette smoking, and dietary factors (P (trend)=0.70). Furthermore, the glycemic index was not appreciably associated with blood concentrations of total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, triacylglycerols or (fasting or postload) insulin or glucose.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings do not support the hypothesis that a high-glycemic-index diet unfavorably affects metabolic risk factors or increases risk for CHD in elderly men without a history of diabetes or CHD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chronic Diseases Epidemiology, National Institute of Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands. rob.van.dam@rivm.nl
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: van Dam
authors.forename: A W
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Visscher
authors.forename: E J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Feskens
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Verhoef
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kromhout
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D048909:Diabetes Complications; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000178:diet therapy; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009426:Netherlands / Q000453:epidemiology; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates