title: Postoperative bile duct strictures: management and outcome in the 1990s.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe the management and outcome after surgical reconstruction of 156 patients with postoperative bile duct strictures managed in the 1990s.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  The management of postoperative bile duct strictures and major bile duct injuries remains a challenge for even the most skilled biliary tract surgeon. The 1990s saw a dramatic increase in the incidence of bile duct strictures and injuries from the introduction and widespread use of laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Although the management of these injuries and short-term outcome have been reported, long-term follow-up is limited.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were collected prospectively on 156 patients treated at the Johns Hopkins Hospital with major bile duct injuries or postoperative bile duct strictures between January 1990 and December 1999. With the exception of bile duct injuries discovered and repaired during surgery, all patients underwent preoperative percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography and placement of transhepatic biliary catheters before surgical repair. Follow-up was conducted by medical record review or telephone interview during January 2000.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 156 patients undergoing surgical reconstruction, 142 had completed treatment with a mean follow-up of 57.5 months. Two patients died of reasons unrelated to biliary tract disease before the completion of treatment. Twelve patients (7.9%) had not completed treatment and still had biliary stents in place at the time of this report. Of patients who had completed treatment, 90. 8% were considered to have a successful outcome without the need for follow-up invasive, diagnos tic, or therapeutic interventional procedures. Patients with reconstruction after injury or stricture after laparoscopic cholecystectomy had a better overall outcome than patients whose postoperative stricture developed after other types of surgery. Presenting symptoms, number of stents, interval to referral, prior repair, and length of postoperative stenting were not significant predictors of outcome. Overall, a successful outcome, without the need for biliary stents, was obtained in 98% of patients, including those requiring a secondary procedure for recurrent stricture.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Major bile duct injuries and postoperative bile duct strictures remain a considerable surgical challenge. Management with preoperative cholangiography to delineate the anatomy and placement of percutaneous biliary catheters, followed by surgical reconstruction with a Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy, is associated with a successful outcome in up to 98% of patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, USA. klillemo@jhmi.edu
authors.forename: K D
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Lillemoe
authors.forename: G B
authors.initials: GB
authors.lastname: Melton
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Cameron
authors.forename: H A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Pitt
authors.forename: K A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Campbell
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Talamini
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Sauter
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Coleman
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Yeo
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D017734:Bile Ducts, Extrahepatic / Q000293:injuries* / Q000601:surgery; D017081:Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic; D001651:Cholestasis, Extrahepatic / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000601:surgery*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012008:Recurrence; D012086:Reoperation; D015607:Stents; D016896:Treatment Outcome