title: Amlodipine bioequivalence achieved with a very sensitive liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometric bioassay.
abstract: Amlodipine (CAS 88150-42-9) is a 1,4-dihydropyridine derivative, one of the most widely used drugs for the management of essential hypertension. In developing manidipine (CAS 120092-68-4), a new antihypertensive drug, amlodipine was selected as the reference comparator drug in a Phase III double blind clinical trial. However, manidipine is formulated in hard gelatin capsules, whereas amlodipine is presented as a tablet. In order to respect the double blind design of the study, it was necessary to insert the amlodipine tablet into hard gelatin capsules matching those of the new test product. This called for an amlodipine bioequivalence study on two halves of one tablet inserted into a capsule (test formulation) and two halves of one tablet ingested as such (reference formulation). The bioequivalence trial was carried out on 18 healthy volunteers (9 males and 9 females). Subjects were administered a single 10 mg dose of test and reference products according to a two-treatment, two-period, two-sequence crossover design, with a wash-out period of three weeks. Plasma concentrations of the parent compound were monitored over a period of 6 days, considering the long half-life of amlodipine. The drug was quantified with a very sensitive, robust bioassay, which was set up and validated in our laboratory. Peak concentration and area under the curve of plasma concentrations were log-transformed and analyzed to obtain 90% confidence intervals which proved to be 0.94-1.06, and thus within the acceptable bioequivalence range of 0.80-1.25. Time to peak, analyzed according to a non-parametric test, did not show any statistically significant difference between the test and reference. Both the test and reference products showed a similar and very good safety profile. The conclusion is that one amlodipine tablet broken into two halves and administered as such (reference formulation) is bioequivalent with one amlodipine tablet broken into two halves and encapsulated (test formulation).
authors.affiliation: I.P.A.S. Institute for Pharmacokinetic and Analytical Studies S.A., Switzerland. clinpharm@ipas-research.com
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Marzo
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Dal Bo
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mazzucchelli
authors.forename: N C
authors.initials: NC
authors.lastname: Monti
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Crivelli
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ismaili
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Uhr
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: La Commare
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017311:Amlodipine / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D019540:Area Under Curve; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D002138:Calibration; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid; D005260:Female; D006207:Half-Life; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D013810:Therapeutic Equivalency
chemical_list: D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers; D017311:Amlodipine