title: Human pancreatic ribonuclease 1: expression and distribution in pancreatic adenocarcinoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Human pancreatic ribonuclease (RNase 1) is a pancreatic enzyme that is present at high levels in the serum of most patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma. For this reason, the authors studied its patterns of expression at the single-cell level in pancreatic adenocarcinoma tissues by immunohistochemical analysis and in situ hybridization (ISH).
  
  
  METHODS
  Immunohistochemical analysis with polyclonal antibodies against RNase 1 and by ISH with digoxigenin-labeled RNase 1 probe were used to detect RNase 1 in the neoplastic cells of ductal type pancreatic adenocarcinomas.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fifteen of 18 carcinoma samples were positive for RNase 1, demonstrating that the expression of ribonuclease that the authors observed previously in human pancreatic adenocarcinoma cell lines was not an artifact of cell culture. The authors also found RNase 1 in some of the metaplastic ducts and atrophic islets in 4 of 6 chronic pancreatitis samples, and they observed RNase 1 immunostaining in hyperplastic ducts adjacent to one of the well-differentiated adenocarcinomas.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The expression levels of RNase 1 by tumor cells from pancreatic adenocarcinomas are consistent with the high RNase 1 levels found in the serum of most patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma. This expression of RNase 1, which is an acinar protein, demonstrates that the patterns of gene expression in pancreatic adenocarcinoma are distinct from those of normal pancreatic duct cells. Conversely, RNase 1 expression levels in altered ductal cells from some chronic pancreatitis tissues and hyperplastic ducts from carcinoma tissues suggest that abnormal expression levels may be an early event in pancreatic tumorigenesis.
authors.affiliation: Unitat de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Departament de Biologia, Universitat de Girona, Girona, Spain.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Peracaula
authors.forename: K R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Cleary
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lorenzo
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: de Llorens
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Frazier
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000473:pathology; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000906:Antibodies; D021441:Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000473:pathology; D002908:Chronic Disease; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D017403:In Situ Hybridization; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000201:enzymology / Q000556:secondary; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010179:Pancreas / Q000201:enzymology; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000473:pathology; D010195:Pancreatitis / Q000201:enzymology; D012259:Ribonuclease, Pancreatic / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D000906:Antibodies; D012259:Ribonuclease, Pancreatic