title: Prefrontal regions play a predominant role in imposing an attentional 'set': evidence from fMRI.
abstract: fMRI was used to determine whether prefrontal regions play a predominant role in imposing an attentional 'set' that drives selection of task-relevant information. While monitoring for an atypical item, individuals viewed Stroop stimuli that were either colored words or colored objects. Attentional demands were varied, being greater when the stimuli contained two distinct and incongruent sources of information about the task-relevant attribute (e.g., when attending to color, seeing the word 'blue' in red ink) as compared to only one source (e.g., seeing the word 'late' in red ink). Prefrontal but not anterior cingulate regions exhibited greater activation on incongruent than neutral trials, suggesting that prefrontal cortex has a major role in imposing an attentional 'set'. In addition, we found that prefrontal activation is most likely to occur when that attentional set is difficult to impose.
authors.affiliation: The Beckman Institute, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, 405 N. Mathews, 61801, Urbana, IL, USA. mbanich@s.psych.uiuc.edu
authors.forename: M T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Banich
authors.forename: M P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Milham
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Atchley
authors.forename: N J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Cohen
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Webb
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wszalek
authors.forename: A F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Kramer
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Barad
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gullett
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Shah
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Brown
mesh_terms: D001288:Attention / Q000502:physiology*; D003116:Color; D006179:Gyrus Cinguli / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D010775:Photic Stimulation / Q000379:methods; D017397:Prefrontal Cortex / Q000502:physiology*; D011932:Reading