title: Radiation exposure to the personnel in the operating room and in the pathology due to SLN detection with Tc-99m-nanocolloid in breast cancer patients.
abstract: AIM of this study was to assess the radiation exposure for the personnel in the operating room and in the pathology laboratories caused by radioguided SLN localization in breast cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 15 patients dose rates were measured at various distances from the breast and tumor specimens during operation and pathological work-up at 3-5 h after peritumoral injection of 30 MBq Tc-99m-nanocolloid.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The dose rates were 84.1 +/- 46.4 microGy/h at 2.5 cm, 3.57 +/- 2.14 microGy/h at 30 cm, 0.87 +/- 0.51 microGy/h at 100 cm, and 0.40 +/- 0.20 microGy/h at 150 cm in the operating room and 44.4 +/- 27.8 microGy/h at 2.5 cm, and 1.66 +/- 1.34 microGy/h at 30 cm in the pathology laboratories. From these data the radiation exposure was calculated for 250 operations per year assuming a mean exposure time of 30 min for the surgical team members and of 10 min for the pathology staff. Under these conditions the finger dose is 10.5 mGy for the surgeon, and 5.55 mGy for the pathologist. The whole-body doses are 0.45 mSv, 0.11 mSv, 0.05 mSv, and 0.21 mSv for the surgeon, the operating room nurse, the anesthetist, and the pathologist, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Since the radiation risk to staff members is low, a classification of the personnel in the operating room and in the pathology laboratories as occupational radiation exposed workers is not necessary.
authors.affiliation: Kliniken für Nuklearmedizin, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel. wbrenner@nuc-med.uni-kiel.de
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Brenner
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ostertag
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Peppert
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Czech
authors.forename: W U
authors.initials: WU
authors.lastname: Kampen
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Muhle
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lüttges
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Henze
mesh_terms: D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D006282:Health Personnel; D006801:Humans; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D016273:Occupational Exposure; D009873:Operating Rooms; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D011877:Radionuclide Imaging; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D013668:Technetium Tc 99m Aggregated Albumin
chemical_list: D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D013668:Technetium Tc 99m Aggregated Albumin; C083602:technetium Tc 99m nanocolloid