title: Color-coded duplex ultrasound compared to CT angiography for detection and quantification of carotid artery stenosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to compare findings on color-coded duplex ultrasound and CT angiography for grading internal carotid artery stenosis, and to investigate whether both these imaging modalities are necessary for an accurate diagnosis of carotid stenosis in the pre-surgical assessment of the internal carotid artery.
  
  
  METHODS
  We examined 92 internal carotid arteries from 46 randomly chosen patients with suspected carotid stenosis by color-coded duplex ultrasound and by three-dimensional CT angiography (CTA). This retrospective study adhered to international guidelines with gradings of mild, moderate, severe, and occlusive carotid disease.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The study demonstrated agreement between the degree of stenosis found on color-coded duplex ultrasound and that found on CTA in 78% of cases overall and in 79% of patients requiring surgical intervention. When compared to CTA, color-coded duplex ultrasound yielded a sensitivity of 78.9% and a specificity of 96.3%. Although findings on color-coded duplex ultrasound and CTA were comparable, disagreement affecting treatment decision occurred in 10:92 arteries.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CTA was not found to be beneficial for patients exhibiting mild stenosis on color-coded duplex ultrasound, as none of the mild groupings found by sonography were interpreted as severe or occluded by CTA. However, CTA may be an important adjunct to color-coded duplex ultrasound regarding the categories of moderate, severe and occluded when carotid endarterectomy is considered.
authors.affiliation: Ultrasound Unit, Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Rambam Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, POB 9602, 31096, Haifa, Israel.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Belsky
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gaitini
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Goldsher
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hoffman
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Daitzchman
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000792:Angiography / Q000379:methods; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity; D002343:Carotid Artery, Internal / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D016893:Carotid Stenosis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D016894:Endarterectomy, Carotid; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D018615:Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color