title: The effect of two azones on the lateral lipid organization of human stratum corneum and its permeability.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Investigation of the relationship between changes in human SC lipid organization induced by N-alkyl-azocycloheptane-2-one and SC permeability to the model compound HgCl2.
  
  
  METHODS
  Human dermatomed skin was treated with propylene glycol (PG), oleyl-Azone (OAz) or dodecyl-Azone (DAz) in 0.15 M PG. Untreated skin served as control. The lateral lipid organization was studied by electron diffraction. Hg was measured on tape-strips by X-ray microanalysis and in the acceptor phase by atom absorption spectrometry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In control and PG treated samples, the lipid packing was mainly orthorhombic, while a small fraction was hexagonal. In OAz and DAz treated samples, the orthorhombic lipid organization remained, however, the hexagonal packing was recorded less frequently. The amount of Hg decreased as a function of depth in all SC samples, however, the penetration profile increased significantly upon OAz treatment. The cumulative amount of Hg in the acceptor phase of OAz treated samples also increased significantly compared to control and PG treated samples.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The increased penetration of Hg into OAz treated skin could not be related to an orthorhombic-hexagonal phase transition. Alternatively, phase separation of OAz and/or formation of grain boundaries might affect SC permeability, hereby increasing Hg penetration. A similar mechanism is proposed for DAz.
authors.affiliation: Center for Electron Microscopy, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands. g.s.k.pilgram@lumc.nl
authors.forename: G S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Pilgram
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Engelsma-van Pelt
authors.forename: H K
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Koerten
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Bouwstra
mesh_terms: D001381:Azepines / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D004202:Disinfectants / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D006801:Humans; D008051:Lipid Bilayers / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D008627:Mercuric Chloride / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D010539:Permeability; D019946:Propylene Glycol / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D012869:Skin Absorption / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D001381:Azepines; D004202:Disinfectants; D008051:Lipid Bilayers; C035229:laurocapram; D008627:Mercuric Chloride; D019946:Propylene Glycol