title: Correlates of unprotected vaginal sex among African American female adolescents: importance of relationship dynamics.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the associations between the frequency of unprotected vaginal sex (UVS) and female adolescents' perceptions, particularly their perceptions of relationship dynamics.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional study of 522 African American female adolescents enrolled in a sexually transmitted disease (STD) and human immunodeficiency virus prevention intervention trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  A volunteer sample of adolescents recruited from neighborhoods characterized by high rates of unemployment, substance abuse, violence, and STDs; 28% tested positive for STDs as assessed by DNA amplification or culture.
  
  
  METHODS
  Frequency of UVS assessed by interview using a 6-month recall period.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among adolescents having steady relationships, those spending more time with their boyfriends and having longer relationships reported a significantly greater frequency of UVS. Other significant correlates included perception of more girlfriends using condoms, no history of STDs, stronger normative beliefs favoring male decision making in relationships, greater pregnancy worry, and greater perceived invulnerability to STDs. For adolescents reporting casual relationships, personal barriers to condom use, no history of STDs, and reporting that their boyfriends typically decide when to have sex were associated with more frequent UVS.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Adolescents' perceptions, particularly their perceptions of relationship dynamics, played an integral role in explaining female adolescents' frequency of UVS with both steady and casual partners. Female adolescents in steady relationships differ from those in casual relationships relative to their prevention needs. These findings have implications for clinic- or community-based STD and human immunodeficiency virus prevention programs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Behavioral Sciences and Health Education, Rollins School of Public Health of Emory University, 1518 Clifton Rd NE, Room 520, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA. rcrosby@sph.emory.edu
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Crosby
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: DiClemente
authors.forename: G M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Wingood
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sionéan
authors.forename: B K
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Cobb
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Harrington
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000294:Adolescent Behavior / Q000208:ethnology*; D001741:Black or African American / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D001294:Attitude to Health / Q000208:ethnology*; D017280:Condoms / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010379:Peer Group; D011247:Pregnancy; D000297:Psychology, Adolescent / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012309:Risk-Taking; D012725:Sexual Behavior / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012747:Sexual Partners / Q000523:psychology; D012749:Sexually Transmitted Diseases / Q000208:ethnology / Q000517:prevention & control; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires