title: A two dose schedule for combined hepatitis A and hepatitis B vaccination in children ages one to eleven years.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A combined hepatitis A and B vaccine, Twinrix, containing at least 720 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay units of hepatitis A antigen and 20 microg of hepatitis B antigen in the adult formulation and half those doses in the pediatric formulation, has been available in many countries since 1997. This vaccine is administered on a three dose schedule: 0, 1 and 6 months. A reduction in the number of doses would add convenience for the vaccinees and reduce administration-associated costs. We investigated the safety and immunogenicity profile of the adult formulation administered at 0 and 6 months in children ages 1 to 11 years.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 237 children of both sexes were enrolled. Blood sampling was performed at 0 and 1, 2, 6 and 7 months. Seropositivity for anti-hepatitis A virus was defined as > or = 33 mIU/ml and seroprotection against hepatitis B virus as > or =10 mIU/ml. Data on solicited and unsolicited adverse events were collected on diary cards.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The vaccine was well-tolerated in all subjects. At Month 7 all subjects had seroconverted for anti-hepatitis A virus antibodies with a high geometric mean concentration (11 543 mIU/ml). We observed a continuous increase in anti-hepatitis B surface antibody (anti-HBs) seroconversion rates and seroprotection rates until Month 6. After the second dose (Month 7), all subjects seroconverted for anti-HBs antibodies with a high geometric mean concentration (8056 mIU/ml) and 98.5% of the subjects were considered seroprotected.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The two dose adult formulation could be an alternative to prevent hepatitis A and hepatitis B infection in children ages 1 to 11 years.
authors.affiliation: Centre for the Evaluation of Vaccination, Epidemiology and Community Medicine University of Antwerp, Belgium.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Van Der Wielen
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Van Damme
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Collard
mesh_terms: D000956:Antigens, Viral / Q000276:immunology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D006506:Hepatitis A / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control; D035922:Hepatitis A Antibodies; D035921:Hepatitis A Antigens; D022362:Hepatitis A Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000276:immunology; D006508:Hepatitis Antibodies / Q000032:analysis / Q000276:immunology*; D006509:Hepatitis B / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control; D006510:Hepatitis B Antibodies / Q000032:analysis / Q000276:immunology*; D006514:Hepatitis B Surface Antigens / Q000276:immunology; D017325:Hepatitis B Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007115:Immunization Schedule; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D017778:Vaccines, Combined / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D000956:Antigens, Viral; D035922:Hepatitis A Antibodies; D035921:Hepatitis A Antigens; D022362:Hepatitis A Vaccines; D006508:Hepatitis Antibodies; D006510:Hepatitis B Antibodies; D006514:Hepatitis B Surface Antigens; D017325:Hepatitis B Vaccines; D017778:Vaccines, Combined