title: Urinary excretion of podocytes in patients with diabetic nephropathy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Detection of podocytes in the urinary sediments of children with glomerulonephritis has been shown to indicate severe injury to the podocytes. The aim of the present study was to determine whether podocytes are present in the urine sediments of adult patients with diabetes with and without nephropathy and whether trandolapril is effective for podocyte injury.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty diabetic patients (10 with normoalbuminuria, 15 with microalbuminuria, 15 with macroalbuminuria and 10 with chronic renal failure) and 10 healthy controls were studied. Urinary podocytes were examined by immunofluorescence using monoclonal antibodies against podocalyxin, which is present on the surface of podocytes. In addition, we studied plasma metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 concentrations in all patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Urinary podocytes were absent in healthy controls, diabetic patients with normoalbuminuria and diabetic patients with chronic renal failure. Podocytes were detected in the urine of eight diabetic patients with microalbuminuria (53%) and of 12 patients with macroalbuminuria (80%). The number of podocytes in the urine of patients with macroalbuminuria was significantly greater than in patients with microalbuminuria (P:<0.01). However, there was no relationship between urinary albumin excretion and urinary podocytes. In addition, plasma MMP-9 concentrations were significantly correlated with the number of urinary podocytes (P:<0.01). Twelve diabetic patients with macroalbuminuria and eight patients with microalbuminuria who had urinary podocytes were treated with the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor trandolapril. Urinary albumin excretion, the number of podocytes and plasma MMP-9 concentrations were reduced by the trandolapril treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Podocytes in the urine may be a useful marker of disease activity in diabetic nephropathy. Trandolapril may be effective for podocyte injury.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Misato Junshin Hospital, Saitama, Japan.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ushiyama
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hara
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Shimada
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Ebihara
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Koide
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000419:Albuminuria / Q000209:etiology; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D001485:Basement Membrane / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; D003928:Diabetic Nephropathies / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology* / Q000652:urine*; D005260:Female; D005455:Fluorescent Antibody Technique; D006801:Humans; D007211:Indoles / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology / Q000652:urine; D008297:Male; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / Q000097:blood; D008875:Middle Aged; D009994:Osmolar Concentration; D012016:Reference Values; D012795:Sialoglycoproteins / Q000378:metabolism; D014556:Urine / Q000166:cytology*
chemical_list: D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D007211:Indoles; D012795:Sialoglycoproteins; C001643:podocalyxin; C052035:trandolapril; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9