title: Therapeutic angiogenesis: theoretic problems using vascular endothelial growth factor.
abstract: Angiogenic growth factors constitute a potentially novel form of therapy for patients with ischemic vascular disease. In case of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), a cytokine secreted from intact cells, bioavailability and meaningful angiogenic bioactivity was shown to be achievable by intramuscular gene transfer in patients with chronic critical limb ischemia. Angiogenesis, however, is a two-sided coin with detrimental consequences in non-target tissues. In particular, the theoretic risk of tumor or plaque angiogenesis must not be ignored, though based on experimental and clinical data there is every reason to believe that a short-term increase of circulating VEGF is safe. More sophisticated remains the controversy concerning mechanisms involved in apparent clinical benefits of growth factors (or growth factor genes). This article argues some theoretic problems using naked plasmid DNA encoding VEGF for the purpose of therapeutic angiogenesis.
authors.affiliation: University Hospital, Swiss Cardiovascular Center, Division of Angiology, Freiburgstrasse, 3010 Bern, Switzerland.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Baumgartner
mesh_terms: D000800:Angioplasty, Balloon; D000818:Animals; D002455:Cell Division; D003097:Collateral Circulation / Q000502:physiology; D016228:Endothelial Growth Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000166:cytology; D015316:Genetic Therapy; D006801:Humans; D007511:Ischemia / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D008222:Lymphokines / Q000235:genetics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018919:Neovascularization, Physiologic; D020033:Protein Isoforms / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D042442:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors
chemical_list: D016228:Endothelial Growth Factors; D008222:Lymphokines; D020033:Protein Isoforms; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D042442:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors