title: Heredity and the autonomic nervous system in human hypertension.
abstract: Because the complex phenotype of human hypertension is at least in part genetically determined, how individual genes ultimately contribute to the disease is not well understood. By contrast, intermediate phenotypes are traits associated with complex disease, but which may display simpler genetic properties such as greater heritability, more consistent and earlier penetrance and bimodality, and may suggest particular candidate susceptibility genes. Because autonomic nervous system activity is altered in hypertension, we examined biochemical, physiologic, and pharmacologic autonomic traits that fulfill at least some of these properties. Such biochemical, physiologic, or pharmacologic autonomic traits may be especially valuable as phenotypic anchor points in linkage or association studies probing the genetic basis of human hypertension.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology and Center for Molecular Genetics, University of California, San Diego, and VA San Diego Healthcare System, 3350 La Jolla Village Drive, San Diego, CA 92161, USA. doconnor@ucsd.edu
authors.forename: D T
authors.initials: DT
authors.lastname: O'Connor
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Insel
authors.forename: M G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Ziegler
authors.forename: V Y
authors.initials: VY
authors.lastname: Hook
authors.forename: D W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: B A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Hamilton
authors.forename: P W
authors.initials: PW
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Parmer
mesh_terms: D001341:Autonomic Nervous System / Q000502:physiology*; D002864:Chromogranins / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics; D002895:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 5 / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000235:genetics* / Q000503:physiopathology; D010641:Phenotype; D011941:Receptors, Adrenergic / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D002864:Chromogranins; D011941:Receptors, Adrenergic