title: Abnormal pulmonary artery pressure response in asymptomatic carriers of primary pulmonary hypertension gene.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Familial primary pulmonary hypertension (PPH) is an autosomal-dominant inherited disease with incomplete penetrance and poor prognosis. This study was performed to examine whether asymptomatic carriers of a mutated PPH gene can be identified at an early stage by their pulmonary artery systolic pressure (PASP) response to exercise.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Stress Doppler echocardiography during supine bicycle exercise and genetic linkage analysis were performed on 52 members of 2 families with PPH. In 4 PPH patients, the mean PASP was increased at rest (73+/-16 mm Hg). Fourteen additional family members with normal PASP at rest revealed an abnormal PASP response to exercise (from 23+/-4 to 56+/-11 mm Hg) without secondary cause (abnormal response [AR] group). Twenty-seven other members (NR group) revealed a normal PASP response (maximal pressure <40 mm Hg) to exercise (from 24+/-4 to 37+/-3 mm Hg, P<0. 0001). All 14 AR but only 2 NR members shared the risk haplotype with the PPH patients. The molecular genetic analysis supported linkage to chromosome 2q31-32 with a logarithm of the odds score of 4.4 when the 4 patients and the 14 AR members were classified as affected.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We conclude that the pathological rise of PASP in asymptomatic family members is linked to chromosome 2q31-32 and is probably an early sign of PPH. Therefore, stress Doppler echocardiography may be a useful tool to identify persons at risk for PPH even before pulmonary artery pressures at rest are elevated.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, and the Institute of Human Genetics, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Grünig
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Janssen
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Mereles
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Barth
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Borst
authors.forename: I R
authors.initials: IR
authors.lastname: Vogt
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Fischer
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Olschewski
authors.forename: H F
authors.initials: HF
authors.lastname: Kuecherer
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Kübler
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002648:Child; D015150:Echocardiography, Doppler; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006239:Haplotypes; D006579:Heterozygote; D006801:Humans; D006976:Hypertension, Pulmonary / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010375:Pedigree; D011669:Pulmonary Wedge Pressure / Q000502:physiology*