Regulation of apoptosis and cell cycle progression by MCL1. Differential role of proliferating cell nuclear antigen.
MCL1 (ML1 myeloid cell leukemia 1), a Bcl-2 (B- cell lymphoma-leukemia 2) homologue, is known to function as an anti-apoptotic protein. Here we show in vitro and in vivo that MCL1 interacts with the cell cycle regulator, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). This finding prompted us to investigate whether MCL1, in addition to its anti-apoptotic function, has an effect on cell cycle progression. A bromodeoxyuridine uptake assay showed that the overexpression of MCL1 significantly inhibited the cell cycle progression through the S-phase. The S-phase of the cell cycle is also known to be regulated by PCNA. A mutant of MCL1 that lacks PCNA binding (MCL1(Delta)(4A)) could not inhibit cell cycle progression as effectively as wild type MCL1. In contrast, MCL1(Delta)(4A) retained its anti-apoptotic function in HeLa cells when challenged by Etoposide. In addition, the intracellular localization of MCL1(Delta)(4A) was identical to that of wild type MCL1. An in vitro pull-down assay suggested that MCL1 is the only Bcl-2 family protein to interact with PCNA. In fact, MCL1, not other Bcl-2 family proteins, contained the PCNA-binding motif described previously. Taken together, MCL1 is a regulator of both apoptosis and cell cycle progression, and the cell cycle regulatory function of MCL1 is mediated through its interaction with PCNA.
Fujise
K
K
Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Institute of Molecular Medicine for Prevention of Human Diseases, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston 77030, USA. Kenichi.Fujise@uh.tmc.edu
Zhang
D
D
Liu
J
J
Yeh
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ET
D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D001973:Bromodeoxyuridine / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000502:physiology*; D002460:Cell Line; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D005047:Etoposide / Q000494:pharmacology; D019084:Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect; D015723:Gene Library; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009154:Mutation; D064549:Myeloid Cell Leukemia Sequence 1 Protein; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology*; D011233:Precipitin Tests; D018809:Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen / Q000378:metabolism; D011485:Protein Binding; D011500:Protein Synthesis Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / Q000378:metabolism; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D020798:Two-Hybrid System Techniques
C579094:Mcl1 protein, mouse; D064549:Myeloid Cell Leukemia Sequence 1 Protein; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D018809:Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen; D011500:Protein Synthesis Inhibitors; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D005047:Etoposide; D001973:Bromodeoxyuridine