title: The calcar femorale in cemented stem fixation in total hip arthroplasty.
abstract: The calcar femorale is a vertical plate of bone lying deep to the lesser trochanter and is formed as a result of traction of the iliopsoas which separates the femoral cortex into two distinct layers, the calcar femorale and the medial femoral cortex. They fuse together proximally to form the medial femoral neck. A stem placed centrally will abut against the calcar femorale with little or no space for cement. Clearing of the calcar will offer space for a cement layer, which will support the stem proximally on the posterior aspect. We compared two consecutive groups of Charnley low-friction arthroplasties, with and without clearing of the calcar. In 330 patients who had an arthroplasty without clearing the calcar, there were ten revisions for aseptic loosening of the stem and six other stems were considered 'definitely loose', giving a rate of failure of 4.8%. In 111 patients in whom the calcar was cleared there was only one revision for aseptic loosening and no stems were classed as 'definitely loose', giving a rate of failure of 0.9%. Survivorship analysis has again shown the need for long-term follow-up; the differences became clear after ten years but because of the relatively small numbers, statistical analysis is not yet applicable. We now clear the calcar femorale routinely and advocate optimal access to the medullary canal and insertion of the stem in the area of the piriform fossa.
authors.affiliation: The John Charnley Research Institute, Wrightington Hospital, Wigan, England.
authors.forename: B M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Wroblewski
authors.forename: P D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Siney
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Fleming
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bobak
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D019644:Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D001843:Bone Cements / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D005272:Femur Neck / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000254:growth & development / Q000601:surgery*; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010027:Osteotomy / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D011474:Prosthesis Design; D011475:Prosthesis Failure; D011859:Radiography; D012086:Reoperation / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D016019:Survival Analysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D001843:Bone Cements