title: Dying well after discontinuing the life-support treatment of dialysis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cessation of life-prolonging treatments precedes death in an increasing number of cases, but little attention has been accorded to the quality of dying.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To examine the quality of dying following dialysis termination.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective cohort, observational study involved 6 dialysis clinics in the United States and 2 clinics in Canada, and 131 adult patients receiving maintenance dialysis who died after treatment cessation. Sixty percent (n = 79) underwent patient (n = 23) and/or family (n = 76) interviews and follow-up with caretakers. A quality of dying tool quantified duration, pain and suffering, and psychosocial factors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The sample was 59% female, the age was 70.0+/-1.2 years old, the duration of dialysis was 34.0+/-2.8 months, and death occurred 8.2+/-0.7 days after the last dialysis treatment. (Data are given as mean +/- SE.) Thirty-eight percent of the subjects who completed the protocol were judged to have had very good deaths, 47% had good deaths, and 15% had bad deaths. During the last day of life, 81% of the sample did not suffer, although 42% had some pain and an additional 5% had severe pain. According to the psychosocial domain of the quality of dying measure, patients who died at home or with hospice care had better deaths than those who died in a hospital or nursing home.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Most deaths following withdrawal of dialysis were good or very good. The influence of site of death and physician attitudes about decisions to stop life support deserves more research attention. Quality of dying tools can be used to establish benchmarks for the provision of terminal care.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Baystate Medical Center, Springfield, MA 01199, USA. lewis.cohen@bhs.org
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Cohen
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Germain
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Poppel
authors.forename: A L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Woods
authors.forename: P S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Pekow
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Kjellstrand
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D003643:Death; D005069:Evaluation Studies as Topic; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000628:therapy; D008020:Life Support Care; D008297:Male; D006435:Renal Dialysis; D013727:Terminal Care; D019452:Terminally Ill; D014481:United States; D028761:Withholding Treatment