title: Crotoxin, the major toxin from the rattlesnake Crotalus durissus terrificus, inhibits 3H-choline uptake in guinea pig ileum.
abstract: We examined the effect of crotoxin, the neurotoxic complex from the venom of the South American rattlesnake Crotalus durissus terrificus, on the uptake of 3H-choline in minces of smooth muscle myenteric plexus from guinea pig ileum. In the concentration range used (0. 03-1 microM) and up to 10 min of treatment, crotoxin decreased 3H-choline uptake by 50-75% compared to control. This inhibition was time dependent and did not seem to be associated with the disruption of the neuronal membrane, because at least for the first 20 min of tissue exposure to the toxin (up to 1 microM) the levels of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) released into the supernatant were similar to those of controls. Higher concentrations of crotoxin or more extensive incubation times with this toxin resulted in elevation of LDH activity detected in the assay supernatant. The inhibitory effect of crotoxin on 3H-choline uptake seems to be associated with its phospholipase activity since the equimolar substitution of Sr2+ for Ca2+ in the incubation medium or the modification of the toxin with p-bromophenacyl bromide substantially decreased this effect. Our results show that crotoxin inhibits 3H-choline uptake with high affinity (EC25 = 10 +/- 5 nM). We suggest that this inhibition could explain, at least in part, the blocking effect of crotoxin on neurotransmission.
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Venenos e Toxinas Animais, Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil.
authors.forename: L S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Kattah
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Santoro
authors.forename: C R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Diniz
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: De Lima
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002794:Choline / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism*; D003439:Crotoxin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D006168:Guinea Pigs; D007082:Ileum / Q000187:drug effects*; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D009197:Myenteric Plexus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D010741:Phospholipases A / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D003439:Crotoxin; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; D010741:Phospholipases A; D002794:Choline