title: Iron availability regulates DNA recombination in Neisseria gonorrhoeae.
abstract: The pilus of Neisseria gonorrhoeae (the gonococcus Gc), the causative agent of gonorrhoea, promotes attachment of the gonococcus to the host epithelium and is essential for the establishment of disease. The ability of N. gonorrhoeae to infect previously exposed individuals is partially due to pilus antigenic variation. In addition, variation of the pilus has been proposed to function in the adaptation of the gonococcus to host environments. Previously, we described the development of a competitive reverse transcriptase (RT)-PCR assay that quantifies the frequency of pilin antigenic variation within a gonococcal population. Using this assay, the effect of different biologically relevant environmental conditions on the frequency of pilin antigenic variation was tested. Of the environmental conditions examined in vitro, only limited iron affected a significant change in the frequency of antigenic variation. Further investigation revealed that an observed increase in pilin antigenic variation reflected an increase in other DNA recombination and DNA repair processes within iron-starved cultures. In addition, this low iron-induced increase was determined to be independent of changes in RecA expression and was observed in a Fur mutant strain. As gonococci encounter conditions of low iron during infection, these data suggest that iron-limitation signals for increased recombinational events that are important for gonococcal pathogenesis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Northwestern University Medical School, 303 East Chicago Avenue, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
authors.forename: C D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Serkin
authors.forename: H S
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Seifert
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological; D000940:Antigenic Variation; D000942:Antigens, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D003470:Culture Media; D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D036781:Fimbriae Proteins; D007501:Iron / Q000378:metabolism*; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000235:genetics; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D009344:Neisseria gonorrhoeae / Q000235:genetics* / Q000254:growth & development; D011938:Rec A Recombinases / Q000378:metabolism; D011995:Recombination, Genetic; D012097:Repressor Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D000942:Antigens, Bacterial; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D003470:Culture Media; D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D012097:Repressor Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors; C068477:ferric uptake regulating proteins, bacterial; C074063:pilE protein, Neisseria gonorrhoeae; C080687:pilS protein, Bacteria; D036781:Fimbriae Proteins; D007501:Iron; D011938:Rec A Recombinases