title: On-chip chiral and achiral separation of amphetamine and related compounds labeled with 4-fluoro-7-nitrobenzofurazane.
abstract: Amphetamine and analogous compounds have been labeled with 4-fluoro-7-nitrobenzofurazane and analyzed on a microfabricated chip. Separation of norephedrine, ephedrine, cathinone, pseudoephedrine, methcathinone, amphetamine and methamphetamine is demonstrated using micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography (MEKC) and laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) detection. Chiral separations of individual drugs were studied using neutral and negatively charged cyclodextrins (CDs) with and without the addition of an organic modifier and/or sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). The best results were obtained using a highly sulfated gamma-CD (HS-gamm-CD) in combination with a low concentration of SDS. To obtain complete separation of a mixture of (+/-)-norephedrine, (+/-)ephedrine, (+/-)-pseudoephedrine, (+/-)-methcathinone, (+/-)-amphetamine and (+/-)-methamphetamine it was necessary to add a small amount (1.5 mM) of SDS to the separation buffer. Optimized chiral separation was achieved within 7 min using an S-folded separation channel, a separation voltage of 8 kV and a buffer consisting of 50 mM phosphate (pH 7.35), 10 mM HS-gamma-CD and 1.5 mM SDS.
authors.affiliation: Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, CA 94551-0969, USA.
authors.forename: S R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Wallenborg
authors.forename: I S
authors.initials: IS
authors.lastname: Lurie
authors.forename: D W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Arnold
authors.forename: C G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Bailey
mesh_terms: D009327:4-Chloro-7-nitrobenzofurazan / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D000661:Amphetamine / Q000302:isolation & purification; D000662:Amphetamines / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D019075:Electrophoresis, Capillary / Q000379:methods; D004809:Ephedrine / Q000302:isolation & purification; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D008694:Methamphetamine / Q000302:isolation & purification; D010665:Phenylpropanolamine / Q000302:isolation & purification; D011427:Propiophenones / Q000302:isolation & purification; D013237:Stereoisomerism; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship
chemical_list: D000662:Amphetamines; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D011427:Propiophenones; C032930:7-fluoro-4-nitrobenzo-2-oxa-1,3-diazole; D010665:Phenylpropanolamine; C047806:monomethylpropion; D008694:Methamphetamine; D000661:Amphetamine; D009327:4-Chloro-7-nitrobenzofurazan; D004809:Ephedrine