title: Comparison between a plasma arc light source and conventional halogen curing units regarding flexural strength, modulus, and hardness of photoactivated resin composites.
abstract: The plasma arc curing light Apollo 95 E (DMDS) is compared to conventional curing lights of different radiation intensities (Vivalux, Vivadent, 250 mW/cm2; Spectrum, DeTrey, 550 mW/cm2; Translux CL, Kulzer, 950 mW/cm2). For this purpose, photoactivated resin composites were irradiated using the respective curing lights and tested for flexural strength, modulus of elasticity (ISO 4049), and hardness (Vickers, Knoop) 24 h after curing. For the hybrid composites containing only camphoroquinone (CQ) as a photoinitiator (Herculite XRV, Kerr; Z100, 3 M), flexural strength, modulus of elasticity, and surface hardness after plasma curing with two cycles of 3 s or with the step-curing mode were not significantly lower than after 40 s of irradiation using the high energy (Translux CL) or medium energy conventional light (Spectrum). However, irradiation by only one cycle of 3 s failed to produce adequate mechanical properties. Similar results were observed for the surface hardness of the CQ containing microfilled composite (Silux Plus, 3 M), whereas flexural strength and modulus of elasticity after plasma curing only reached the level of the weak conventional light (Vivalux). For the hybrid composites containing both CQ and photoinitiators absorbing at shorter wavelengths (370-450 nm) (Solitaire, Kulzer; Definite, Degussa), plasma curing produced inferior properties mechanical than conventional curing; only the flexural strength of Solitaire and the Vickers hardness of Definite reached levels not significantly lower than those observed for the weak conventional light (Vivalux). The suitability of plasma arc curing for different resin composites depends on which photoinitiators they contain.
authors.affiliation: Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Bavarian Julius Maximilian University of Würzburg, Pleicherwall 2, 97070 Würzburg, Germany. Norbert.Hofmann@mail.uni-wuerzburg.de
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hofmann
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hugo
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Schubert
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Klaiber
mesh_terms: D003188:Composite Resins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000528:radiation effects; D003748:Dental Equipment; D003793:Dental Restoration, Permanent; D004548:Elasticity; D006244:Hardness; D006245:Hardness Tests; D008027:Light; D008422:Materials Testing; D018583:Pliability; D011108:Polymers / Q000737:chemistry; D019279:Resin Cements / Q000737:chemistry / Q000528:radiation effects; D012822:Silicon Dioxide / Q000737:chemistry / Q000528:radiation effects; D012833:Siloxanes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000528:radiation effects; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D013674:Technology, Dental / Q000295:instrumentation; D013729:Terpenes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000528:radiation effects; D015040:Zirconium / Q000737:chemistry / Q000528:radiation effects
chemical_list: D003188:Composite Resins; C421785:Definite composite resin; D011108:Polymers; D019279:Resin Cements; D012833:Siloxanes; C113049:Solitaire composite resin; D013729:Terpenes; C083568:Z100 composite resin; C065770:Herculite XR; C074741:Silux Plus; C048339:camphoroquinone; D012822:Silicon Dioxide; D015040:Zirconium