title: A prospective trial of short-course radiotherapy plus chemotherapy for palliation of dysphagia from advanced esophageal cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Between 1994 and 1997, 22 patients with dysphagia from advanced incurable esophageal cancer were enrolled in a phase I/II prospective study to assess the palliative benefit and toxicity of a short course of radiotherapy with chemotherapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study population included 17 men and five women with a median age of 69 (range 43-84). Patients were treated with 30 Gy in ten fractions to the mediastinum with a concurrent single course of chemotherapy (5-FU, 1000 mg/m(2), days 1-4 and mitomycin-C 10 mg/m(2), day 1). Swallowing ability was recorded each day on a self-administered diary card using the five point dysphagia index of the MRC (UK). The median baseline MRC swallowing score was 4 (cannot swallow solids).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Treatment was generally well tolerated, but seven (32%) patients had transient worsening of dysphagia scores immediately following treatment because of esophagitis; fifteen (68%) achieved a complete response (score 1: no difficulty on swallowing) with a median time to normalization of swallowing of 5 weeks. For these patients, the median dysphagia-free interval from time of onset of improvement was 11 weeks (range 1-131 weeks) and 11 (73%) remained dysphagia-free until death. The remaining patients had no or marginal improvement. Univariate analysis showed no difference between responders and non-responders with respect to age, gender, or histology. Median survival for the entire study population was 20 weeks (range 3-135 weeks).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This prospective trial shows that a short course of radiotherapy plus chemotherapy may produce complete relief of swallowing difficulties in a substantial proportion of patients with acceptable toxicity.
authors.affiliation: The Radiation Oncology Research Unit, Department of Oncology, Queen's University, Kingston Regional Cancer Centre, Kingston, ON, Canada.
authors.forename: C R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Hayter
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Huff-Winters
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Paszat
authors.forename: Y M
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Youssef
authors.forename: W E
authors.initials: WE
authors.lastname: Shelley
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Schulze
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D003680:Deglutition Disorders / Q000209:etiology*; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D005260:Female; D005472:Fluorouracil / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016685:Mitomycin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D010166:Palliative Care; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011878:Radiotherapy / Q000009:adverse effects; D011879:Radiotherapy Dosage
chemical_list: D016685:Mitomycin; D005472:Fluorouracil