title: In vitro elution of gentamicin, amikacin, and ceftiofur from polymethylmethacrylate and hydroxyapatite cement.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the elution characteristics of ceftiofur and liquid and powdered gentamicin and amikacin from polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) and from hydroxyapatite cement (HAC).
  
  
  METHODS
  PMMA and HAC beads in triplicate were impregnated with various amounts and formulations of antibiotics. Beads were immersed in 5 mL of phosphate buffered saline that was replaced at 1, 3, 6, and 12 hours, and 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 10, 14, 18, 22, 26, and 30 days. The eluent was stored at -70 degrees C until assayed within 2 weeks by microbiological assay (gentamicin and amikacin) or capillary electrophoresis (ceftiofur).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Rate of elution for all beads was greatest within the first 24 hours. Cumulative release of total antibiotic dose from beads over 30 days was significantly greater from HAC than PMMA. Antibiotic elution was directly related to the amount of antibiotic incorporated into the cement. Powdered and liquid forms of gentamicin had similar elution rates from PMMA. Elution of amikacin from PMMA beads was greater when the powdered form was used compared with liquid amikacin. Eluent concentrations of ceftiofur were similar to those of the aminoglycosides during the first 3 to 7 days but then decreased precipitously by comparison.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Elution of antibiotics from HAC was greater than from PMMA. Gentamicin- and amikacin-impregnated PMMA and HAC released bactericidal concentrations of antibiotic for at least 30 days. Ceftiofur-impregnated PMMA or HAC is unlikely to provide long-term bactericidal concentrations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Gentamicin and amikacin elute effectively from PMMA and HAC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA.
authors.forename: M T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Ethell
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Bennett
authors.forename: M P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Merritt
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Davidson
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tran
mesh_terms: D000583:Amikacin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D001843:Bone Cements / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D001850:Bone Diseases, Infectious / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000662:veterinary*; D002511:Cephalosporins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems / Q000662:veterinary*; D017886:Durapatite / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D017102:Fracture Healing; D005839:Gentamicins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D008863:Microspheres; D019904:Polymethyl Methacrylate / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D001843:Bone Cements; D002511:Cephalosporins; D005839:Gentamicins; C053503:ceftiofur; D000583:Amikacin; D019904:Polymethyl Methacrylate; D017886:Durapatite