title: An outbreak of Acinetobacter baumannii: the importance of cross-transmission.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate an outbreak of nosocomial infections due to multidrug-resistant (MDR) Acinetobacter baumannii and to analyze the contribution of cross-transmission in the rise in infection rates.
  
  
  METHODS
  Epidemiological investigation; molecular typing using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE); matched case-control study to identify risk factors for infection.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 34-bed surgical intensive care unit at a tertiary-care hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighteen patients who developed MDRA baumannii nosocomial infection were matched to 36 patients who were admitted to the same surgical intensive care unit (SICU) room and did not develop an infection during the outbreak period.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Prior to the outbreak, the baseline attack rate of MDR A baumannii nosocomial infections was 3 per 100 patients per month. From February 1 through March 22, 1998, the attack rate rose to 16 per 100 patients per month, with a total of 18 infections. All isolates had indistinguishable PFGE patterns. Seventy environmental cultures were negative for MDR A baumannii. Following intense infection control education, the attack rate decreased to 4 per 100 patients per month. By conditional logistic regression, cases were exposed to a significantly higher number of patients with MDR A baumannii infections compared to controls (odds ratio, 1.1; 95% confidence interval, 1.01-1.2; P=.02), even after adjusting for length of SICU admission and exposure to antibiotics and invasive devices.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cross-transmission between patients contributed to the rise in rates of MDRA baumannii infections. A common environmental source was not detected.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.
authors.forename: E M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: D'Agata
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Thayer
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Schaffner
mesh_terms: D000150:Acinetobacter / Q000472:pathogenicity; D000151:Acinetobacter Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000635:transmission*; D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003428:Cross Infection; D004196:Disease Outbreaks; D016521:Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field; D016021:Epidemiologic Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio