title: The hedonic impact and intake of food are increased by midazolam microinjection in the parabrachial nucleus.
abstract: Benzodiazepines have been reported to induce eating when administered into the brainstem of rats (either the fourth ventricle or the parabrachial nucleus). Benzodiazepines in the brainstem also have been reported to enhance the hedonic impact of taste, as measured by hedonic/aversive taste reactivity patterns, when administered to the fourth ventricle. The present study examined whether the parabrachial nucleus in particular is a brainstem site of the benzodiazepine-produced enhancement of eating and palatability. Food intake (cereal mash) was measured after brainstem microinjections of midazolam or vehicle (0.0, 7.5, and 15.0 microg) into the parabrachial nucleus, the nucleus of the solitary tract, the pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus, or the fourth ventricle (60 microg). We used the taste reactivity paradigm to measure hedonic/aversive affective reactions elicited from rats by oral infusions of a bittersweet solution (7% sucrose-0.01% quinine). Positive hedonic reactions and negative aversive reactions to sucrose-quinine were also measured after microinjections of midazolam (0.0, 7.5, and 15 microg) into the parabrachial nucleus. Midazolam increased food intake and selectively enhanced positive hedonic taste reactivity patterns to the bittersweet solution when microinjections were delivered to the parabrachial nucleus. When administered to the other brainstem sites at the same doses, however, midazolam had no effect. We therefore conclude that the parabrachial nucleus can mediate the benzodiazepine-induced enhancement of the hedonic impact of taste as well as mediating the enhancement of eating behavior.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Göteborg University, Box 500, 405 30 Göteborg, Sweden. anna.soderpalm@psy.gu.se
authors.forename: A H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Söderpalm
authors.forename: K C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Berridge
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001362:Avoidance Learning / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004435:Eating / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D020546:Fourth Ventricle / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008874:Midazolam / Q000494:pharmacology; D009474:Neurons / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D011149:Pons / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D011803:Quinine / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012201:Reward; D017552:Solitary Nucleus / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D013395:Sucrose / Q000494:pharmacology; D013649:Taste / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D013395:Sucrose; D011803:Quinine; D008874:Midazolam