title: [Environment and secular sperm trend. Stallion's semen quality during the last two decades].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Several reports have suggested that human semen quality has declined throughout the world over the last few decades. Chemicals in the environment acting as endocrine disruptors have been implicated as a possible cause. If this is indeed the case, then similar effects may be observed in animals. We report data on secular trends in semen quality of stallions collected during the last two decades by French National Studs.
  
  
  METHODS
  We analyzed 1489 ejaculates collected from 390 Breton draught stallions between 1981 and 1996 and 341 ejaculates from 86 anglo-arab thoroughbred stallions from 1985 and 1995. We employed a standardized semen collection and analysis protocol for evaluating the semen quality.
  
  
  RESULTS
  For both stallion breeds studied, we observed a decreased seminal volume (around 2% per year) whereas total sperm production remains unchanged.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Seminal fluid volume is controlled by accessory sex glands, which are regulated by androgens. Chemicals with anti-androgenic properties have been detected in the environment. By affecting the development or function of accessory sex glands, these chemicals may be at least partly responsible for the observed decrease in semen volume.
authors.affiliation: INSERM U 292, 82 rue du Général Leclerc, 94276 Kremlin-Bicêtre, France. multigner@vjf.inserm.fr
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Multigner
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Magistrini
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ducot
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Spira
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000726:Androgen Antagonists / Q000009:adverse effects; D000818:Animals; D000988:Antispermatogenic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005602:France; D005837:Genitalia, Male / Q000187:drug effects; D006736:Horses / Q000145:classification; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D012661:Semen / Q000187:drug effects; D013076:Sperm Count; D013094:Spermatozoa / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D000726:Androgen Antagonists; D000988:Antispermatogenic Agents; D004785:Environmental Pollutants