title: Matrix detachment induces caspase-dependent cytochrome c release from mitochondria: inhibition by PKB/Akt but not Raf signalling.
abstract: Detachment of epithelial cells from extracellular matrix results in induction of apoptosis ('anoikis') which can be blocked by expression of activated Ras or PKB/Akt. Here we show that detachment causes release of cytochrome c from mitochondria in MDCK cells. This is blocked by caspase inhibitors, suggesting a role for caspases upstream of mitochondria in the initiation of anoikis, in accord with the ability of dominant negative FADD to inhibit this form of cell death. Bulk activation of caspase-8 following detachment lags behind cytochrome c release, and is likely the result of a mitochondrial positive feed back loop. Matrix detachment also induces Bax translocation to mitochondria in a caspase-dependent manner. Expression of activated Ras or PKB/Akt blocks all the detectable events on the detachment-induced apoptosis signalling pathway, suggesting that PKB/Akt acts at an early point in the pathway, providing the signal normally generated by matrix attachment. Strong activation of Raf can also protect MDCK cells from detachment induced apoptosis, but this occurs at a point downstream of cytochrome c release from mitochondria, and is clearly distinct from the effect of PKB/Akt. Oncogene (2000) 19, 4461 - 4468.
authors.affiliation: Signal Transduction Laboratory, Imperial Cancer Research Fund, 44 Lincoln's Inn Fields, London WC2A 3PX, UK.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rytömaa
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Lehmann
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Downward
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000502:physiology; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; D053181:Caspase 8; D053453:Caspase 9; D061945:Caspase Inhibitors; D020169:Caspases / Q000378:metabolism; D002460:Cell Line; D015853:Cysteine Proteinase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D003574:Cytochrome c Group / Q000378:metabolism*; D004285:Dogs; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D005109:Extracellular Matrix / Q000378:metabolism*; D044943:Fatty Acid Desaturases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D019908:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-raf / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013629:Tamoxifen / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein; D018631:ras Proteins / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; D061945:Caspase Inhibitors; D015853:Cysteine Proteinase Inhibitors; D003574:Cytochrome c Group; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein; D013629:Tamoxifen; C016601:afimoxifene; D044943:Fatty Acid Desaturases; C084083:Fad7 protein, Arabidopsis; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D019908:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-raf; D053181:Caspase 8; D053453:Caspase 9; D020169:Caspases; D018631:ras Proteins