title: Simultaneous use of two ultrasound scanners for motion-gated three-dimensional fetal echocardiography.
abstract: The aim of this study was to determine whether or not simultaneous use of an additional Doppler transducer could provide sufficient cardiovascular motion information without significantly interfering with three-dimensional (3-D) cardiac structural data acquisition by a primary two-dimensional (2-D) transducer. To determine sources of interference, paired transducers were activated alternatively and simultaneously in and out of a water bath, with and without electrical insulating and electromagnetic shielding. To determine factors affecting interference, pairs were tested on a phantom with different separating distances and angles between paired ultrasound (US) beams and under different 2-D depths and Doppler scales. Results show that the dominant source of interference is acoustic cross talk. The severity was mainly affected by transducer pairing and by separating distances and angles, and the pattern by display settings. With optimised settings, sufficient structural and motion data were obtained simultaneously in 9 of 12 fetal hearts, and detailed 3-D views could be reconstructed free of motion artefacts, confirming the feasibility of using the method for motion-gated 3-D fetal cardiac imaging. New scanner design strategy was then proposed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University College London, London, UK. jdeng@medphys.ucl.ac.uk
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Deng
authors.forename: C F
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Ruff
authors.forename: A D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Linney
authors.forename: W R
authors.initials: WR
authors.lastname: Lees
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Hanson
authors.forename: C H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Rodeck
mesh_terms: D016477:Artifacts; D019560:Echocardiography, Three-Dimensional / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D005318:Fetal Heart / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D011247:Pregnancy; D014159:Transducers; D018608:Ultrasonography, Doppler; D016216:Ultrasonography, Prenatal / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods