title: Modulation of L-type Ca2+ channels by gbeta gamma and calmodulin via interactions with N and C termini of alpha 1C.
abstract: Neuronal voltage-dependent Ca(2+) channels of the N (alpha(1B)) and P/Q (alpha(1A)) type are inhibited by neurotransmitters that activate G(i/o) G proteins; a major part of the inhibition is voltage-dependent, relieved by depolarization, and results from a direct binding of Gbetagamma subunit of G proteins to the channel. Since cardiac and neuronal L-type (alpha(1C)) voltage-dependent Ca(2+) channels are not modulated in this way, they are presumed to lack interaction with Gbetagamma. However, here we demonstrate that both Gbetagamma and calmodulin directly bind to cytosolic N and C termini of the alpha(1C) subunit. Coexpression of Gbetagamma reduces the current via the L-type channels. The inhibition depends on the presence of calmodulin, occurs at basal cellular levels of Ca(2+), and is eliminated by EGTA. The N and C termini of alpha(1C) appear to serve as partially independent but interacting inhibitory gates. Deletion of the N terminus or of the distal half of the C terminus eliminates the inhibitory effect of Gbetagamma. Deletion of the N terminus profoundly impairs the Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent inactivation. We propose that Gbetagamma and calmodulin regulate the L-type Ca(2+) channel in a concerted manner via a molecular inhibitory scaffold formed by N and C termini of alpha(1C).
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv 69978, Israel.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ivanina
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Blumenstein
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Shistik
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Barzilai
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Dascal
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D020746:Calcium Channels, L-Type / Q000502:physiology*; D002147:Calmodulin / Q000502:physiology*; D019204:GTP-Binding Proteins / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D015640:Ion Channel Gating
chemical_list: D020746:Calcium Channels, L-Type; D002147:Calmodulin; D019204:GTP-Binding Proteins