title: Child sexual abuse: historical cases in the Byzantine empire (324-1453 A.D.).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this article is the presentation and brief analysis of some historical cases, unknown in the broader medical bibliography, of child sexual abuse in Byzantine Society (324-1453 A.D.).
  
  
  METHODS
  The original texts of the Byzantine historians, chroniclers and ecclesiastical authors, written in the Greek language, were studied in order to locate instances of child sexual abuse.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Although the punishment provided by the laws and the church for cases of child sexual abuse were very strict, a number of instances of rapes under cover of premature marriages, even in the imperial families, are revealed in these texts. Furthermore, cases of child prostitution, pederasty, and incest are included in the historical texts and some contemporary authors confirmed the presence of many such cases in all classes of Byzantine society.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The research of original Byzantine literature disclosed many instances of child sexual abuse in all social classes even in the mediaeval Byzantine society which was characterized by strict legal and religious prohibitions.
authors.affiliation: Department of the History of Medicine, Medical School, National Athens University and International Hippocratic Foundation of Kos., Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lascaratos
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Poulakou-Rebelakou
mesh_terms: D018612:Byzantium; D002648:Child; D002650:Child Abuse, Sexual / Q000266:history*; D005195:Family Relations; D005260:Female; D049690:History, Ancient; D049691:History, Medieval; D006801:Humans; D007179:Incest / Q000266:history; D008297:Male; D011678:Punishment / Q000266:history; D012067:Religion / Q000266:history; D012924:Social Conditions