title: Effects of modified tall oil and creatine monohydrate on growth performance, carcass characteristics, and meat quality of growing-finishing pigs.
abstract: The effects of feeding modified tall oil (MTO) and creatine monohydrate (CMH) on growing-finishing pig growth performance, carcass characteristics, and meat quality were determined. Eighty cross-bred barrows (initially 45.4 kg) were allotted randomly to one of four dietary treatments by weight and ancestry. The experiment was arranged as a 2 x 2 factorial with two levels of MTO (0 or 0.50%), which were fed throughout the growing-finishing period, and two levels of CMH (0 or 25 g/d), which were fed for the final 10 d before slaughter. The corn-soybean meal diets were fed in two phases (45.4 to 78.9 kg and 78.9 to 117.5 kg BW). When CMH was added to the diet in place of corn, average BW was 107.5 kg. Feeding MTO increased (P < 0.05) ADG and gain:feed ratio (G/F) during the 45.4- to 78.9-kg growth interval and tended to improve (P = 0.10) G/F during the 45.4- to 107.5-kg growth interval. Dietary treatment did not affect (P > 0.15) growth performance during the 78.9- to 107.5-kg growth interval. Modified tall oil increased (P = 0.02) G/F during the 10-d CMH supplementation period, and CMH numerically (P = 0.11) increased ADG and G/F. Supplementation of CMH did not affect (P > 0.20) any measured carcass characteristic or measures of meat quality at 24 h or 14 d postmortem. Feeding MTO reduced average back-fat (P = 0.05) and 10th rib backfat (P = 0.01) but did not affect (P > 0.10) other measured carcass characteristics or measures of meat quality at 24 h postmortem. Modified tall oil increased (P = 0.02) L* values (lightness) and tended to increase (P < 0.10) thawing and cooking losses of longissimus muscle chops at 14 d postmortem. These data demonstrate that MTO improves growth performance and reduces backfat in growing-finishing pigs, but supplementation of CMH, under the conditions of this experiment, was not beneficial for growing-finishing pigs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan 66506, USA.
authors.forename: P R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: O'Quinn
authors.forename: B S
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Andrews
authors.forename: R D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Goodband
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Unruh
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Nelssen
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Woodworth
authors.forename: M D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Tokach
authors.forename: K Q
authors.initials: KQ
authors.lastname: Owen
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed; D000822:Animal Husbandry; D000818:Animals; D003401:Creatine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D008460:Meat / Q000592:standards*; D013552:Swine / Q000254:growth & development*
chemical_list: D004041:Dietary Fats; D003401:Creatine