title: Thermal energy balance as a measure of adequate rewarming from hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether the amount of heat (thermal energy) used actively to rewarm patients on cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) was a better indicator of adequate rewarming from hypothermic CPB than core temperature.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Single hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-four sequential patients undergoing hypothermic CPB.
  
  
  METHODS
  None.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thermal energy balance (TEB) (net heat supplied to or removed from the body, from initiation to termination of CPB) was measured using previously validated apparatus. Adequacy of rewarming was assessed by measuring the coldest postoperative core (tympanic membrane) temperature and the time to rewarm postoperatively to a core temperature of 37.0 degrees C. Core temperature on termination of CPB did not correlate with the degree of postoperative hypothermia as judged by time to rewarm postoperatively to 37.0 degrees C (r = 0.14; p = 0.33), but did correlate with coldest postoperative core temperature (r = 0.47; p = 0.0003). TEB correlated better with time to rewarm to 37.0 degrees C (r = 0.43; p = 0.001) and coldest postoperative core temperature (r = 0.58, p = 0.0001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  TEB is a better predictor than corresponding values of core temperature on termination of CPB in predicting the coldest postoperative temperature and time to rewarm to 37 degrees C.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthetics, Southampton General Hospital, England. cddeakin@hotmail.com
authors.forename: C D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Deakin
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Clewlow
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Pierce
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001831:Body Temperature; D002315:Cardiopulmonary Bypass; D001026:Coronary Artery Bypass; D006358:Hot Temperature; D006801:Humans; D007036:Hypothermia, Induced; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D017694:Rewarming; D013997:Time Factors