title: Abnormal middle ear pressures during experimental influenza A virus infection--role of Eustachian tube function.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Experimental infection of adults with influenza A virus, rhinovirus or RSV causes abnormal ME pressure in some, but not all subjects. The hypothesis tested in this study is that the response variability is caused by constitutional differences in the functioning of the Eustachian tube.
  
  
  METHODS
  18 adult subjects were experimentally infected with influenza A virus. On five occasions before virus exposure, middle ear pressure (by tympanometry) and Eustachian tube function (by sonotubometry) were recorded bilaterally. Tests were repeated on days 1 through 8 and 10 after infection. Individual ears were classified with respect to the number of pre-exposure, positive sonotubometric testings and the middle ear pressure response to infection was compared between ears with Eustachian tube openings at all pre-infection test sessions (GR-A) and those with at least one negative test (GR-B).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Pre-exposure, 19, six, four, four, one and two ears had tubal openings on five, four, three, two, one and zero sessions, respectively. For that period, GR-A had significantly lesser average intra-ear and intra-group middle ear pressure variances compared to GR-B, but there were no between-group differences in the average middle ear pressure or in the number of observations of abnormal middle ear pressure. After virus exposure, middle ear pressure variances and the number of abnormal observations increased and the average pressure decreased in both groups, but the effects were more pronounced for GR-B ears.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results support the hypothesis that pre-existing good Eustachian tube function reduces the otological complications of viral upper respiratory tract infection.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh and the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 3705 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213-2583, USA. docdoyle@ix.netcom.com
authors.forename: W J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Doyle
authors.forename: J T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Seroky
authors.forename: B L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Angelini
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gulhan
authors.forename: D P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Skoner
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Fireman
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004432:Ear, Middle / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005064:Eustachian Tube / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D009980:Influenza A virus / Q000502:physiology; D007251:Influenza, Human / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000821:virology; D011312:Pressure; D017201:Virus Shedding