title: Poloxamers and poloxamines in nanoparticle engineering and experimental medicine.
abstract: Poloxamers and poloxamine nonionic surfactants have diverse applications in various biomedical fields ranging from drug delivery and medical imaging to management of vascular diseases and disorders. Although this is a progressive, rapidly advancing field in biotechnology, the future will depend on the recognition and rectification of a range of toxicity issues, which have to be addressed but have frequently been ignored until now.
authors.affiliation: The Molecular Targeting and Polymer Toxicology Group, School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Cockcroft Building, University of Brighton, BN2 4GJ., Brighton, UK. s.m.moghimi@brighton.ac.uk
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Moghimi
authors.forename: A C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Hunter
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000737:chemistry; D000818:Animals; D001187:Artificial Organs; D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D001698:Biomedical Engineering; D002462:Cell Membrane; D003167:Complement Activation; D004337:Drug Carriers; D018432:Drug Resistance, Multiple; D005029:Ethylenediamines; D006801:Humans; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000378:metabolism; D010587:Phagocytosis; D011060:Poloxalene / Q000737:chemistry*; D020442:Poloxamer / Q000737:chemistry*; D013154:Spleen / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D004337:Drug Carriers; D005029:Ethylenediamines; D020442:Poloxamer; D011060:Poloxalene