title: Pyrazinamide inhibits the eukaryotic-like fatty acid synthetase I (FASI) of Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
abstract: Tuberculosis treatment is shortened to six months by the indispensable addition of pyrazinamide (PZA) to the drug regimen that includes isoniazid and rifampin. PZA is a pro-drug of pyrazinoic acid (POA) (ref. 3), whose target of action has never been identified. Although PZA is active only against Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the PZA analog 5-chloro-pyrazinamide (5-Cl-PZA) displays a broader range of anti-mycobacterial activity. We have found that the eukaryotic-like fas1 gene (encoding fatty acid synthetase I, FASI) from M. avium, M. bovis BCG or M. tuberculosis confers resistance to 5-Cl-PZA when present on multi-copy vectors in M. smegmatis. 5-Cl-PZA and PZA markedly inhibited the activity of M. tuberculosis FASI, the biosynthesis of C16 to C24/C26 fatty acids from acetyl-CoA (ref. 6). Importantly, PZA inhibited FASI in M. tuberculosis in correlation with PZA susceptibility. These results indicate that FASI is a primary target of action for PZA in M. tuberculosis. Further characterization of FASI as a drug target for PZA may allow the development of new drugs to shorten the therapy against M. tuberculosis and may provide more options for treatment against M. bovis, M. avium and drug resistant M. tuberculosis.
authors.affiliation: Division of Infectious Diseases, Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York 10461, USA.
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Zimhony
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Cox
authors.forename: J T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Welch
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Vilchèze
authors.forename: W R
authors.initials: WR
authors.lastname: Jacobs
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000995:Antitubercular Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000187:drug effects; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D064429:Fatty Acid Synthases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D006801:Humans; D009169:Mycobacterium tuberculosis / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology; D011355:Prodrugs / Q000494:pharmacology; D011718:Pyrazinamide / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014397:Tuberculosis, Pulmonary / Q000188:drug therapy
chemical_list: C111084:5-chloropyrazinamide; D000995:Antitubercular Agents; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D011355:Prodrugs; D011718:Pyrazinamide; C005296:pyrazinoic acid; D064429:Fatty Acid Synthases; C413881:fatty acid synthase I, mycobacteria