title: Insights into pathogenesis and treatment of cytokines in cardiomyopathy.
abstract: Our understanding of the pathophysiology of chronic heart failure is rapidly expanding. recent investigations suggest a role for various proinflammatory and vasoconstrictive cytokines in the development and progression of the disease. In particular, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interlukin-6, and endothelin have all been implicated in heart failure desease progression. These cytokines appear to be activated in response to a remodeling, induction of programmed cell death, neurohormonal activation, and hemodynamics, these agents cause a variety of deleterious effects in the setting of ventricular dysfunction. Investigational inhibitors and antagonists of these substances show promise for the future treatment of heart failure.
authors.affiliation: Section of Heart Failure and Cardiac Transplantation, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 231 Bethesda Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45267-0542, USA.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Vadlamani
authors.forename: W T
authors.initials: WT
authors.lastname: Abraham
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis / Q000502:physiology; D016207:Cytokines / Q000502:physiology*; D018450:Disease Progression; D019332:Endothelin-1 / Q000502:physiology; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000502:physiology; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000502:physiology; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000502:physiology; D018487:Ventricular Dysfunction, Left / Q000503:physiopathology
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D019332:Endothelin-1; D015850:Interleukin-6; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D009569:Nitric Oxide