title: Occupational IgE-mediated allergy to Tribolium confusum (confused flour beetle).
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We report on IgE-mediated allergy in a worker caused by Tribolium confusum (confused flour beetle). These beetles lived in the "old" flour to which he was exposed in his work.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 35-year-old, nonatopic mechanic in a rye crispbread factory developed rhinitis, conjunctivitis, and asthmatic symptoms, as well as urticaria on his wrists, lower arms, hands, neck, and face, during the maintenance and repair of machines contaminated by flour. This flour had been in and on the machines for a long time, and it contained small beetles. The patient did not suffer any symptoms when handling fresh, clean flour.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Skin prick tests with standard environmental allergens, storage mites, enzymes, flours, and molds were negative. A prick test with flour from the machines gave a 10-mm reaction. An open application of the same flour caused urticarial whealing on the exposed skin. Prick tests with fresh flour from the factory were negative. A prick test with minced T. confusum from the flour in the machines gave a 7-mm reaction. Histamine hydrochloride 10 mg/ml gave a 7-mm reaction. Specific serum IgE antibodies to T. confusum were elevated at 17.2 kU/l. Prick tests with the flour from the machines were negative in five control patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The patient had occupational contact urticaria, rhinitis, conjunctivitis, and asthmatic symptoms from exposure to flour. His symptoms were caused by immediate allergy to the beetle T. confusum. Immediate allergy to this beetle has rarely been reported in connection with respiratory symptoms, but it may be more common. Contact urticaria from this source has not been reported before.
authors.affiliation: Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Alanko
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tuomi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vanhanen
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pajari-Backas
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kanerva
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Havu
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Saarinen
authors.forename: D P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Bruynzeel
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D001249:Asthma / Q000209:etiology / Q000276:immunology; D003233:Conjunctivitis, Allergic / Q000209:etiology / Q000276:immunology; D009783:Dermatitis, Occupational / Q000209:etiology*; D005433:Flour; D006801:Humans; D006969:Hypersensitivity, Immediate / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology; D007073:Immunoglobulin E / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D009784:Occupational Diseases / Q000209:etiology*; D016273:Occupational Exposure; D012221:Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial / Q000209:etiology / Q000276:immunology; D012882:Skin Tests; D014231:Tribolium / Q000276:immunology*; D014581:Urticaria / Q000209:etiology / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D007073:Immunoglobulin E