title: Genetic control of dorsal-ventral identity in the telencephalon: opposing roles for Pax6 and Gsh2.
abstract: We have examined the genetic mechanisms that regulate dorsal-ventral identity in the embryonic mouse telencephalon and, in particular, the specification of progenitors in the cerebral cortex and striatum. The respective roles of Pax6 and Gsh2 in cortical and striatal development were studied in single and double loss-of-function mouse mutants. Gsh2 gene function was found to be essential to maintain the molecular identity of early striatal progenitors and in its absence the ventral telencephalic regulatory genes Mash1 and Dlx are lost from most of the striatal germinal zone. In their place, the dorsal regulators, Pax6, neurogenin 1 and neurogenin 2 are found ectopically. Conversely, Pax6 is required to maintain the correct molecular identity of cortical progenitors. In its absence, neurogenins are lost from the cortical germinal zone and Gsh2, Mash1 and Dlx genes are found ectopically. These reciprocal alterations in cortical and striatal progenitor specification lead to the abnormal development of the cortex and striatum observed in Pax6 (small eye) and Gsh2 mutants, respectively. In support of this, double homozygous mutants for Pax6 and Gsh2 exhibit significant improvements in both cortical and striatal development compared with their respective single mutants. Taken together, these results demonstrate that Pax6 and Gsh2 govern cortical and striatal development by regulating genetically opposing programs that control the expression of each other as well as the regionally expressed developmental regulators Mash1, the neurogenins and Dlx genes in telencephalic progenitors.
authors.affiliation: Wallenberg Neuroscience Center, Division of Neurobiology, Section for Developmental Neurobiology, Lund University, Sölvegatan 17, S-223 62 Lund, Sweden.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Toresson
authors.forename: S S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Potter
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Campbell
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D019521:Body Patterning; D002465:Cell Movement; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000196:embryology; D003342:Corpus Striatum / Q000196:embryology; D005136:Eye Proteins; D005801:Genes, Homeobox; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D008817:Mice, Mutant Strains; D008957:Models, Genetic; D000071841:PAX6 Transcription Factor; D051761:Paired Box Transcription Factors; D012097:Repressor Proteins; D013234:Stem Cells; D013687:Telencephalon / Q000196:embryology*; D014018:Tissue Distribution
chemical_list: D005136:Eye Proteins; C109498:Gsh2 protein, mouse; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins; D000071841:PAX6 Transcription Factor; D051761:Paired Box Transcription Factors; C000605732:Pax6 protein, mouse; D012097:Repressor Proteins