title: Oral administration of inducible nitric oxide synthase inhibitors reduces nitric oxide synthesis but has no effect on the severity of experimental colitis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Increased concentrations of nitrate and nitrite (the breakdown products of nitric oxide) in the serum and faeces of patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) suggests that increased synthesis of nitric oxide occurs in IBD. The aim of this study was to assess aminoguanidine (AMG), a selective inhibitor of inducible nitric oxide synthase, with regard to its effectiveness as a nitric oxide inhibitor and as a modulator of inflammation in trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced colitis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Colitis was induced in Wistar rats. Selective (AMG) and non-selective (1-nitroso-arginine methyl ester (1-NAME)) inhibitors of nitric oxide synthase were given in the drinking water. Colonic citrulline and arginine concentrations were assessed using high-performance liquid chromatography. The severity of colitis was assessed by a macroscopic scoring system.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both 1-NAME and AMG successfully reduced nitric oxide synthesis. There was no evidence of substrate depletion in the colonic wall. Neither of the agents reduced the severity of colonic inflammation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Oral administration of nitric oxide synthase inhibitors reduced nitric oxide synthesis in the colonic wall. This study does not provide evidence to support a role for nitric oxide in the pathogenesis of colonic inflammation in TNBS colitis.
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Surgery, The Queens University of Belfast, Ireland.
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Armstrong
authors.forename: G R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Campbell
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gannon
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Kirk
authors.forename: K R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Gardiner
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D003092:Colitis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006146:Guanidines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D019331:NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012016:Reference Values; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D014302:Trinitrobenzenesulfonic Acid
chemical_list: D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D006146:Guanidines; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D014302:Trinitrobenzenesulfonic Acid; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D019331:NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester