title: Effects of oral administration of metronidazole on small intestinal bacteria and nutrients of cats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine effects of oral administration of metronidazole on the number and species of duodenal bacteria and selective nutrients of cats.
  
  
  METHODS
  6 healthy domestic shorthair cats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Undiluted duodenal fluid was obtained for quantitative and qualitative bacterial culture to determine species and number of bacteria in healthy cats. Blood samples were assayed for taurine, total protein, albumin, cobalamin, and folate concentrations. Cats then were given metronidazole (20 mg/kg of body weight, PO, q 12 h) for 1 month, after which bacterial cultures and serum assays of nutrients were repeated. Nine months after cessation of antibiotic treatment, duodenal bacteria were re-evaluated and serum was assayed for total protein, albumin, cobalamin, and folate concentrations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Oral administration of metronidazole caused a significant decrease in aerobic and anaerobic bacterial counts in the duodenum of healthy cats, accompanied by emergence of Streptococcus spp and Corynebacterium spp. Serum concentrations of cobalamin and albumin increased when duodenal bacterial counts were decreased, although changes in folate or taurine concentrations were not detected. Measured variables did not differ, when comparing results obtained before and 9 months after cessation of metronidazole.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Oral administration of metronidazole decreased the number of aerobic bacteria and altered indigenous flora in the small bowel of cats. Normal duodenal flora appeared to be stable, because species of bacteria were re-established by 9 months after cessation of metronidazole. Bacterial flora appeared to have an impact on nutrients, because albumin and cobalamin increased during antibiotic administration and returned to preadministration concentrations after cessation of the antimicrobial.
authors.affiliation: Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, The Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Hertfordshire, UK.
authors.forename: K L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Johnston
authors.forename: A I
authors.initials: AI
authors.lastname: Lamport
authors.forename: O P
authors.initials: OP
authors.lastname: Ballèvre
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Batt
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001798:Blood Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D002415:Cats / Q000382:microbiology*; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial / Q000662:veterinary; D004386:Duodenum / Q000187:drug effects / Q000382:microbiology*; D005260:Female; D005492:Folic Acid / Q000097:blood; D008795:Metronidazole / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012709:Serum Albumin / Q000032:analysis; D013654:Taurine / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D014805:Vitamin B 12 / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D001798:Blood Proteins; D012709:Serum Albumin; D008795:Metronidazole; D013654:Taurine; D005492:Folic Acid; D014805:Vitamin B 12