title: Renal arteriovenous malformation with thrombus in the inferior vena cava.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Thrombus formation in the inferior vena cava (IVC) is usually seen in cases with malignancy. In contrast, vascular anomalies hardly ever accompany this disorder. Herein, a case of thrombus formation in the IVC associated with renal arteriovenous malformation (AVM) is reported.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A 50-year-old woman who received transarterial embolization (TAE) for AVM in the right kidney noticed right flank pain with macrohematuria 12 months later. Because radiographic evaluation could not rule out malignancy in the kidney, nephrectomy was performed. During nephrectomy, a palpable thrombus was found in the IVC, so thrombectomy was performed simultaneously. Histopathologic examination revealed an old infarction due to the TAE, circumferential arteriovenous thrombi and a large organized thrombus up to the IVC, but neither renal cell carcinoma nor transitional carcinoma in the kidney.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Careful observation may be required, even after treatment for renal AVM, such as TAE, to avoid the formation of an IVC thrombus.
authors.affiliation: Department of Renal Transplantation, Sapporo City General Hospital, Japan. oyaji-1@rf6.so-net.ne.jp
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Harada
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Togashi
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Abe
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Takeyama
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Seki
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ohashi
mesh_terms: D000792:Angiography; D001165:Arteriovenous Malformations / Q000628:therapy*; D004621:Embolization, Therapeutic / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009392:Nephrectomy; D012077:Renal Artery / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D012079:Renal Circulation; D013382:Subtraction Technique; D017131:Thrombectomy; D014682:Vena Cava, Inferior; D020246:Venous Thrombosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology* / Q000601:surgery