title: Carotid intima-media thickness in Japanese type 2 diabetic subjects: predictors of progression and relationship with incident coronary heart disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine carotid intima-media thickness (IMT), predictors of its progression, and its relationship with incident coronary heart disease (CHD) in type 2 diabetic Japanese patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Carotid IMT of 287 subjects with type 2 diabetes (mean age 61.6 years) without CHD or cerebrovascular disease was examined at baseline and after a mean follow-up of 3.1 years.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The annual progression of IMT (means +/- SEM) was 0.04+/-0.004 mm/year. Stepwise multivariate analysis demonstrated that independent risk factors for progress of IMT were the initial IMT (P<0.001), the average HbA1c level (P<0.001), and age (P = 0.001). Both the initial IMT (odds ratio [OR] 4.9, 95% CI 1.7-14.1) and a low average HDL cholesterol (OR 0.2, 0.1-0.8) were identified as predictors of incident nonfatal CHD (angina pectoris or nonfatal myocardial infarction; 3-year incidence 10.1%) after adjusting for age, sex, average HbA1c, and other risk factors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The predictors of the progression of carotid IMT in Japanese type 2 diabetic subjects were its baseline thickness and the average HbA1c during the follow-up. Baseline carotid IMT and low HDL cholesterol predicted the incidence of nonfatal CHD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita City, Japan. yamasaki@medone.med.asaka-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yamasaki
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kodama
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nishizawa
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sakamoto
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Matsuhisa
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kajimoto
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kosugi
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shimizu
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kawamori
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hori
mesh_terms: D044466:Asian People; D002339:Carotid Arteries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003925:Diabetic Angiopathies / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking; D017539:Tunica Intima / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D017540:Tunica Media / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D014463:Ultrasonography