Topology of the fittest transportation network.
The presence or absence of loops in the emergent transportation networks, that are characterized by a minimum overall cost, is shown to depend on the convexity of the cost function for the local transportation of material. Our results are directly applicable to a variety of situations across disciplines.
Banavar
J R
JR
Department of Physics and Center for Materials Physics, 104 Davey Laboratory, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA.
Colaiori
F
F
Flammini
A
A
Maritan
A
A
Rinaldo
A
A
D008955:Models, Cardiovascular; D014186:Transportation