Acute abstinence syndrome following abrupt cessation of long-term use of tramadol (Ultram): a case study.
We report on a patient who had taken the centrally acting analgesic tramadol for over 1 year. The compound had proven to be sufficient to treat her painful episodes related to fibromyalgia. Due to lack of supply while being on a trip, intake of the drug was stopped abruptly, resulting in the development of classical abstinence-like symptoms within 1 week. Abstinence-like symptoms consisted of restlessness and insomnia for which the benzodiazepine lorazepam was given. Diarrhoea and abdominal cramps were treated with the peripherally active opioid loperamide, while bouts of cephalgia were treated with sumatriptan. Diffuse musculoskeletal-related pain and restless leg syndrome (RLS) were treated with dextromethorphan. All these different medications proved to be efficacious as they resulted in the cessation of symptoms. Within 1 week symptoms ceased and the patient regained her normal activities without any sequelae. Although tramadol is considered a non-habit- and non-dependence-forming analgesic, abstinence symptoms are likely to develop following abrupt cessation of intake, especially when the compound had been taken over 1 year. Therefore patients should be advised of such an effect whenever they decide to stop intake or their physician is planning to switch to another medication. To avoid abstinence-like symptoms doses should be slowly tapered down.
Freye
E
E
Pain Center, Extension of the Heinrich-Heine-University of Düsseldorf, Graf-Adolf-Strasse 16, Düsseldorf, 40211, Germany.
Levy
J
J
D000208:Acute Disease; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000009:adverse effects*; D003085:Colic / Q000139:chemically induced; D003967:Diarrhea / Q000139:chemically induced*; D005260:Female; D006261:Headache / Q000139:chemically induced*; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009140:Musculoskeletal Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced*; D010146:Pain / Q000139:chemically induced; D012148:Restless Legs Syndrome / Q000139:chemically induced; D007319:Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders / Q000139:chemically induced*; D013375:Substance Withdrawal Syndrome / Q000503:physiopathology*; D014147:Tramadol / Q000009:adverse effects*
D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D014147:Tramadol