title: A 39-year followup of the Genain quadruplets.
abstract: The Genains, a unique group of monozygotic female quadruplets, all developed a schizophrenic disorder by age 24. They have been studied since the 1950s, because of the rarity of this occurrence (estimated to be one in 1.5 billion) and because their illnesses varied in severity. The identical inheritance would tend to rule out genetic differences as the cause of the neuropsychological differences; however, we cannot disentangle the effects of early brain injury and harsh punitive treatment as factors accounting for the differences in the severity of their disorders. We conducted neuropsychological examinations of the Genains at age 66, compared their test profiles, and contrasted certain test scores at 66 with those at ages 27 and 51. Test results indicate generally stable (or even improved) performance over time and support the notion that cognitive decline is not a degenerative process in schizophrenia. The Genains remind us of the exquisite interaction among variables that must be understood before additional, satisfactory progress can be made in preventing the development and predicting the course of schizophrenia.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Brain and Cognition, NIMH, Bethesda, MD 20892-2668, USA. allan_mirsky@nih.gov
authors.forename: A F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Mirsky
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Bieliauskas
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: French
authors.forename: D P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Van Kammen
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Jönsson
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sedvall
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000375:Aging; D001288:Attention / Q000502:physiology; D001921:Brain / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009099:Multiple Birth Offspring; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D011783:Quadruplets / Q000523:psychology*; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology; D012565:Schizophrenic Psychology