title: IF-LCM: laser capture microdissection of immunofluorescently defined cells for mRNA analysis rapid communication.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The next phase of the molecular revolution will bring functional genomics down to the level of individual cells in a tissue. Laser capture microdissection (LCM) coupled with reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) can measure gene expression in normal, cancerous, injured, or fibrotic tissue. Nevertheless, targeting of specific cells may be difficult using routine morphologic stains. Immunohistochemistry can identify cells with specific antigens; however, exposure to aqueous solutions destroys 99% of the mRNA. Consequently, there is an overwhelming need to identify specific tissue cells for LCM without mRNA loss. We report on a rapid immunofluorescent LCM (IF-LCM) procedure that allows targeted analysis of gene expression.
  
  
  METHODS
  A LCM microscope was outfitted for epifluorescence and light level video microscopy. Heat filters were added to shield the image intensifier from the laser. Frozen sections were fluorescently labeled by a rapid one minute incubation with anti-Tamm-Horsfall antibody and an ALEXA-linked secondary antibody. Fluorescently labeled thick ascending limb (TAL) cells were detected by low light level video microscopy, captured by LCM, and mRNA was analyzed by RT-PCR for basic amino acid transporter, Tamm-Horsfall protein, and aquaporin-2.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The immunofluorescently identified TAL could be cleanly microdissected without contamination from surrounding tubules. The recovery of RNA following rapid immunofluorescence staining was similar to that obtained following hematoxylin and eosin staining, as assessed by RT-PCR for malate dehydrogenase.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We conclude that the new apparatus and method for the immunofluorescent labeling of tissue cells targeted for LCM can isolate pure populations of targeted cells from a sea of surrounding cells with highly acceptable preservation of mRNA. Since the TAL is minimally injured following ischemia, identification of the different responses between TAL and surrounding tissue in damaged kidneys may provide new therapeutic targets or agents for the treatment of acute renal failure.
authors.affiliation: Renal Diagnostics and Therapeutics Unit, and Laboratory of Pathology, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-1268, USA.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Murakami
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Liotta
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Star
mesh_terms: D000165:Acridine Orange; D000818:Animals; D004396:Coloring Agents; D004210:Dissection / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D004801:Eosine Yellowish-(YS); D005260:Female; D005455:Fluorescent Antibody Technique; D015870:Gene Expression; D006416:Hematoxylin; D019044:Image Cytometry / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D007834:Lasers; D008138:Loop of Henle / Q000166:cytology* / Q000502:physiology; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D018715:Microscopy, Video / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D015345:Oligonucleotide Probes; D055095:Optics and Photonics; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis*; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
chemical_list: D004396:Coloring Agents; D015345:Oligonucleotide Probes; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D000165:Acridine Orange; D004801:Eosine Yellowish-(YS); D006416:Hematoxylin