title: Psychiatric disorders and impairment in the children of opiate addicts: prevalances and distribution by ethnicity.
abstract: This study examined rates of psychiatric disorders and impairment in 283 children, aged 6 to 17, of 69 Caucasian, 45 African-American, and 47 Hispanic-American methadone maintenance patients. Children were evaluated by direct and/or parental interview with the K-SADS-E. Final DSM-III-R diagnoses and Global Assessment Scale (C-GAS) were assigned by best estimate. Substantial lifetime prevalences of mood (21%), anxiety (24%) and disruptive disorders (30%), school problems (37%), and global impairment (C-GAS < 61) (25%) were observed in the children of opiate-dependent patients. There were few differences between ethnic groups. Effects of proband gender and major depression and their interactions with ethnicity on risk for childhood psychopathology were also examined. The results suggest children of patients in treatment for opiate dependence from diverse ethnic groups are at risk for psychopathology. Programs for early detection and intervention should be devised and evaluated.
authors.affiliation: Depression Evaluation Service, New York State Psychiatric Institute, NY 10032, USA. nunesed@pi.cpmc.columbia.edu
authors.forename: E V
authors.initials: EV
authors.lastname: Nunes
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Weissman
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Goldstein
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: McAvay
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Beckford
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Seracini
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Verdeli
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Wickramaratne
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002652:Child Behavior; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000523:psychology; D009293:Opioid-Related Disorders; D010287:Parent-Child Relations; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors