title: Bone mass increases in less than 4 wk of voluntary exercising in growing rats.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Physical exercise is known to augment bone mass, but the specific mechanisms by which physical activity influences skeletal metabolism is still not thoroughly understood. So far, time related events of bone tissue adaptation to physical training have not been investigated. We, therefore, studied the time-course effects of daily spontaneous exercise training on bone metabolism in the rat by biochemical and tissue analyses.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-five 4-wk-old female Dark Agouti rats were used, randomly assigned to voluntary exercising groups of five animals for 1, 2, 3, and 4 wk, or to age-matched sedentary controls. At sacrifice, blood was sampled for determination of parameters of bone and calcium metabolism (osteocalcin, alkaline phosphatases, total and ionized calcium, phosphorus, parathyroid hormone). Right and left tibiae were removed for bone mass (dry and ash mass, mineral content) and histomorphometric analyses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found that the animals performed large amounts of exercise (reaching 50 +/- 8 km x wk(-1)), and that this voluntary physical training induced significant changes in bone metabolism. An increase (approximately 32%) in serum alkaline phosphatase activity was already measurable at the end of the first week of exercising and persisted throughout the experiment, accompanied by a concomitant increase in osteoblastic bone formation (approximately 27%), as evaluated in bone tissue. These changes were associated with consecutive increases in tibial bone mass (approximately 7.6%), mineral content (approximately 7.4%) and metaphyseal bone volume (approximately 17%) measurable 4 wk after the onset of exercise, with interesting positive correlations between tibial bone mass parameters and soleus muscle mass. Conversely, no change was evidenced in biochemical parameters of calcium metabolism, except for an increase in phosphorus serum levels in trained animals.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Daily spontaneous exercise training induced an increase in bone mass and bone volume in less than 4 wk. Further studies are needed to fully investigate these changes during the very first days of exercising.
authors.affiliation: IMASSA-CERMA, Department of Aerospace Physiology, Bretigny-sur-Orge, France.
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Holy
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Zérath
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015519:Bone Density; D001846:Bone Development; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D010805:Physical Conditioning, Animal / Q000502:physiology*; D051381:Rats; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D002118:Calcium