title: Herbal therapy PC-SPES: in vitro effects and evaluation of its efficacy in 69 patients with prostate cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We investigate the potential use of the phytotherapeutic PC-SPES to treat human prostate cancer, and evaluate its in vivo and in vitro activity, and clinical efficacy.
  
  
  METHODS
  PC-SPES was evaluated for its ability to induce apoptosis on prostate cancer cell lines LNCaP, PC3 and DU145. The effect of oral PC-SPES on growth of PC3 tumors present in male immunodeficient mice was studied. A total of 30 male nude mice were divided in 5 groups. In groups 1 control and 2 full dose therapy was started the same day of the tumor injection. In groups 3 control, 4 half dose and 5 full dose PC-SPES therapy was initiated 1 week after tumor injection. A total of 69 patients with prostate cancer were treated with 3 capsules of 320 mg. PC-SPES daily. Serum prostate specific antigen (PSA) responses and side effects were evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All of the cultured prostate cancer cell lines had a significant dose dependent induction of apoptosis following exposure to an alcoholic PC-SPES extract. Immunodeficient mice xenografted with the PC3 cell line had reduced tumor volume compared with sham treated controls when they were treated with a PC-SPES extract from the time of tumor cell implantation (931 +/- 89 versus 1,424 +/- 685 mm.3, p not significant) but not when the treatment was begun 1 week after tumor cell implantation. The testis, prostate, bladder and seminal vesicles of the treated mice were significantly reduced in weight compared with the sham treated animals. Of the patients with prostate cancer 82% had decreased serum PSA 2 months, 78% 6 months and 88% 12 months after treatment with PC-SPES. Side effects in the treated patient population included nipple tenderness in 42% and phlebitis requiring heparinization in 2%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  An extract of the phytotherapeutic agent PC-SPES proved to be active in inducing apoptosis of hormone sensitive and insensitive prostate cancer cells in vitro, and in suppressing the growth rate of a hormone insensitive prostate cancer cell line in vivo. The overwhelming majority of patients with prostate cancer treated with the agent experienced a decrease in serum PSA but also demonstrated a side effect profile comparable to estrogen treatment.
authors.affiliation: Squier Urological Clinic, Department of Urology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia-Presbyterian Medical Center and Department of Biostatistic, Columbia University, School of Public Health, New York, New York, USA.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: de la Taille
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Buttyan
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Hayek
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bagiella
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shabsigh
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Burchardt
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Burchardt
authors.forename: D K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Chopin
authors.forename: A E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Katz
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000818:Animals; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017209:Apoptosis; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal; D005069:Evaluation Studies as Topic; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D008875:Middle Aged; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000097:blood; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy*; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal; D010936:Plant Extracts; C114209:herbal preparation PC-SPES; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen