title: High street prices of syringes correlate with strict syringe possession laws.
abstract: The current epidemic of injection drug use in the United States and abroad has precipitated an increase in transmission of infectious diseases, including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B, hepatitis C, and human T-lymphotrophic virus II (HTLV-II) in injection drug users (IDUs) who share syringes and other injection equipment. Sharing is often due to a lack of available sterile syringes, which is, in part, a result of laws and regulations controlling the purchase and possession of syringes. These laws, in turn, raise the price of questionably sterile black market syringes, inadvertently encouraging the reuse and sharing of syringes. To date, very little information has been gathered on the street price of syringes in different communities. We surveyed 42 needle exchange programs (NEPs) in the United States in July and August 1998 to determine the street prices of syringes. The relationship among local laws regulating syringe possession, the enforcement of those laws, and street syringe prices was examined. There was a strong correlation between the presence of syringe possession laws and higher street syringe price ($2.87 vs. $1.14, p< .01). In areas with syringe possession laws, cost was significantly higher when laws were perceived to be enforced strictly ($3.66 vs. $2.08, p<.01). Street prices for syringes are an easily quantifiable indirect measure of availability of sterile syringes and may reflect syringe sharing and reuse.
authors.affiliation: The Miriam Hospital and Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA. Josiah_Rich@brown.edu
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Rich
authors.forename: C K
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Foisie
authors.forename: C W
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Towe
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: McKenzie
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Salas
mesh_terms: D003140:Communicable Disease Control / Q000191:economics*; D003141:Communicable Diseases / Q000635:transmission; D006801:Humans; D007885:Legislation, Pharmacy; D016485:Needle Sharing / Q000191:economics / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence; D018671:Needle-Exchange Programs; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015819:Substance Abuse, Intravenous / Q000191:economics / Q000517:prevention & control; D013594:Syringes / Q000191:economics* / Q000600:supply & distribution*; D014481:United States