title: Diversity of channels involved in Ca(2+) activation of K(+) channels during the prolonged AHP in guinea-pig sympathetic neurons.
abstract: The types of Ca(2+)-dependent K(+) channel involved in the prolonged afterhyperpolarization (AHP) in a subgroup of sympathetic neurons have been investigated in guinea pig celiac ganglia in vitro. The conductance underlying the prolonged AHP (gKCa2) was reduced to a variable extent in 100 nM apamin, an antagonist of SK-type Ca(2+)-dependent K(+) channels, and by about 55% in 20 nM iberiotoxin, an antagonist of BK-type Ca(2+)-dependent K(+) channels. The reductions in gKCa2 amplitude by apamin and iberiotoxin were not additive, and a resistant component with an amplitude of nearly 50% of control remained. These data imply that, as well as apamin- and iberiotoxin-sensitive channels, other unknown Ca(2+)-dependent K(+) channels participate in gKCa2. The resistant component of gKCa2 was not abolished by 0.5-10 mM tetraethylammonium, 1 mM 4-aminopyridine, or 5 mM glibenclamide. We also investigated which voltage-gated channels admitted Ca(2+) for the generation of gKCa2. Blockade of Ca(2+) entry through L-type Ca(2+) channels has previously been shown to reduce gKCa2 by about 40%. Blockade of N-type Ca(2+) channels (with 100 nM omega-conotoxin GVIA) and P-type Ca(2+) channels (with 40 nM omega-agatoxin IVA) each reduced the amplitude of gKCa2 by about 35%. Thus Ca(2+) influx through multiple types of voltage-gated Ca(2+) channel can activate the intracellular mechanisms that generate gKCa2. The slow time course of gKCa2 may be explained if activation of multiple K(+) channels results from Ca(2+) influx triggering a kinetically invariant release of Ca(2+) from intracellular stores located close to the membrane.
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad Miguel Hernández, 03550 Alicante, Spain.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Martínez-Pinna
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Davies
authors.forename: E M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: McLachlan
mesh_terms: D015761:4-Aminopyridine / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D001030:Apamin / Q000494:pharmacology; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers / Q000494:pharmacology; D015220:Calcium Channels / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D005728:Ganglia, Sympathetic / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D005905:Glyburide / Q000494:pharmacology; D006168:Guinea Pigs; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D051036:Large-Conductance Calcium-Activated Potassium Channels; D008297:Male; D008564:Membrane Potentials / Q000502:physiology; D009474:Neurons / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D018408:Patch-Clamp Techniques; D010455:Peptides / Q000494:pharmacology; D026902:Potassium Channel Blockers; D015221:Potassium Channels / Q000378:metabolism*; D024681:Potassium Channels, Calcium-Activated; D051640:Small-Conductance Calcium-Activated Potassium Channels; D019789:Tetraethylammonium / Q000494:pharmacology; D020867:omega-Agatoxin IVA / Q000494:pharmacology; D020866:omega-Conotoxin GVIA / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers; D015220:Calcium Channels; D051036:Large-Conductance Calcium-Activated Potassium Channels; D010455:Peptides; D026902:Potassium Channel Blockers; D015221:Potassium Channels; D024681:Potassium Channels, Calcium-Activated; D051640:Small-Conductance Calcium-Activated Potassium Channels; D020867:omega-Agatoxin IVA; D001030:Apamin; D019789:Tetraethylammonium; C064719:iberiotoxin; D020866:omega-Conotoxin GVIA; D015761:4-Aminopyridine; D005905:Glyburide; D002118:Calcium