title: Erythropoietin stimulates proliferation and interferes with differentiation of myoblasts.
abstract: Erythropoietin (Epo) is required for the production of mature red blood cells. The requirement for Epo and its receptor (EpoR) for normal heart development and the response of vascular endothelium and cells of neural origin to Epo provide evidence that the function of Epo as a growth factor or cytokine to protect cells from apoptosis extends beyond the hematopoietic lineage. We now report that the EpoR is expressed on myoblasts and can mediate a biological response of these cells to treatment with Epo. Primary murine satellite cells and myoblast C2C12 cells, both of which express endogenous EpoR, exhibit a proliferative response to Epo and a marked decrease in terminal differentiation to form myotubes. We also observed that Epo stimulation activates Jak2/Stat5 signal transduction and increases cytoplasmic calcium, which is dependent on tyrosine phosphorylation. In erythroid progenitor cells, Epo stimulates induction of transcription factor GATA-1 and EpoR; in C2C12 cells, GATA-3 and EpoR expression are induced. The decrease in differentiation of C2C12 cells is concomitant with an increase in Myf-5 and MyoD expression and inhibition of myogenin induction during differentiation, altering the pattern of expression of the MyoD family of transcription factors during muscle differentiation. These data suggest that, rather than acting in an instructive or specific mode for differentiation, Epo can stimulate proliferation of myoblasts to expand the progenitor population during differentiation and may have a potential role in muscle development or repair.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Chemical Biology, NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-1822, USA.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ogilvie
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Nicolas-Metral
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Pulido
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: U T
authors.initials: UT
authors.lastname: Ruegg
authors.forename: C T
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Noguchi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015152:Blotting, Northern; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D002455:Cell Division; D002460:Cell Line; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D050981:Erythroid-Specific DNA-Binding Factors; D004921:Erythropoietin / Q000502:physiology*; D050982:GATA1 Transcription Factor; D050990:GATA3 Transcription Factor; D006801:Humans; D053614:Janus Kinase 2; D051379:Mice; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D008894:Milk Proteins; D017570:MyoD Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D009206:Myocardium / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D010766:Phosphorylation; D011233:Precipitin Tests; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D017467:Receptors, Erythropoietin / Q000378:metabolism; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D050799:STAT5 Transcription Factor; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013997:Time Factors; D015534:Trans-Activators / Q000378:metabolism; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism; D014443:Tyrosine / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D050981:Erythroid-Specific DNA-Binding Factors; D050982:GATA1 Transcription Factor; C494688:GATA1 protein, human; D050990:GATA3 Transcription Factor; C494749:GATA3 protein, human; C494689:Gata1 protein, mouse; C494748:Gata3 protein, mouse; D008894:Milk Proteins; D017570:MyoD Protein; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D017467:Receptors, Erythropoietin; D050799:STAT5 Transcription Factor; D015534:Trans-Activators; D014157:Transcription Factors; D004921:Erythropoietin; D014443:Tyrosine; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; C507924:JAK2 protein, human; C507926:Jak2 protein, mouse; D053614:Janus Kinase 2; D002118:Calcium