title: End-systolic pressure-diameter relation of the left ventricle during transient and sustained elevations of blood pressure.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the effect of transient and sustained variations in cardiac load on the values of the end-systolic pressure-diameter relation (ESPDR) of the left ventricle.
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied 13 dogs under general anesthesia and autonomic blockade. Variations of cardiac loads were done by elevation of blood pressure by mechanical constriction of the aorta. Two protocols were used in each animal: gradual peaking and decreasing pressure variation, the "transient arterial hypertension protocol" (TAH), and a quick and 10 min sustained elevation, the "sustained arterial hypertension protocol"(SAH). Then, we compared the ESDR in these two situations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Acute elevation of arterial pressure, being it "transitory" or "sustained", did not alter the heart frequency and increased similarly the preload and after load. However, they acted differently in end systolic pressure-diameter relation. It was greater in the SAH than TAH protocol, 21.0+/-7.3 mm Hg/mm vs. 9.2+/-1. 2 mm Hg/mm (p<0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The left ventricular ESPDR values determined during sustained pressure elevations were higher than those found during transient pressure elevations. The time-dependent activation of myocardial contractility associated with the Frank-Starling mechanism is the major factor in inotropic stimulation during sustained elevations of blood pressure, determining an increase in the ESPDR values.
authors.affiliation: Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, Universidade Estadual de São Paulo, Botucatu, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: E A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Bregagnollo
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Okoshi
authors.forename: B B
authors.initials: BB
authors.lastname: Matsubara
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Tucci
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D001011:Aorta; D003250:Constriction; D004285:Dogs; D006339:Heart Rate; D006973:Hypertension / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D009200:Myocardial Contraction; D013318:Stroke Volume / Q000502:physiology*; D013997:Time Factors; D016277:Ventricular Function, Left / Q000502:physiology*