title: Ethanol enhances Nicotine's effects on DRL performance in rats.
abstract: The present experiment examined effects of nicotine (0.0, 0.3, 0.56, and 1.0 mg/kg; IP) and ethanol (0.0, 0.5, 1.5, and 3.0 g/kg; IG) on operant behavior using a differential reinforcement of low response rate (DRL) schedule in rats. DRL schedules are sensitive to effects of nicotine and provide an assessment of the subject's ability to accurately estimate time and to inhibit schedule-controlled responding. When administered alone, nicotine shifted the mode of the interresponse time distribution to the left and reduced the percentage of reinforced responses. Nicotine also had an inverted U-shaped dose effect on the number of "bursting" responses. When administered after pretreatment with ethanol, nicotine's effects on the distribution of interresponse times and bursting were potentiated. These effects are consistent with previous reports and with the suggestion that ethanol pretreatment can potentiate effects of subsequently administered nicotine. Published by Elsevier Science Inc.
authors.affiliation: Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, FDA, Jefferson, AR 72079-9502, USA.
authors.forename: E J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Popke
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Fogle
authors.forename: M G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Paule
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002492:Central Nervous System Depressants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003216:Conditioning, Operant / Q000187:drug effects*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D000431:Ethanol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D009538:Nicotine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018722:Nicotinic Agonists / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D011930:Reaction Time / Q000187:drug effects; D012055:Reinforcement Schedule
chemical_list: D002492:Central Nervous System Depressants; D018722:Nicotinic Agonists; D000431:Ethanol; D009538:Nicotine