title: Male-condom and female-condom use among women after counseling in a risk-reduction hierarchy for STD prevention.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A concern with hierarchy messages, which promote male condoms and female-controlled barrier methods along a prevention continuum, is that they may discourage condom use.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To measure male-condom and female-condom use among women who received hierarchy counseling and compare this with women counseled about condoms only.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three observational cohorts that correspond to prevention message received were assembled, and consisted of female sexually transmitted disease clinic patients who were counseled about male condoms, female condoms, or a hierarchy message. The hierarchy message promoted male and female condoms, the diaphragm and cervical cap, spermicides, and withdrawal, in descending order of effectiveness against sexually transmitted diseases. After counseling, women were interviewed and returned for follow-up visits at 2 weeks, 4 months, and 6 months. The outcome was the mean proportion of male condom- or female condom-protected coital acts at each follow-up visit in the hierarchy cohort. The outcome was dichotomized as high (> or = 70% of coital acts protected) or low (< 70%), and generalized estimating equations were used to compare observed follow-up condom use with baseline within the hierarchy cohort and observed follow-up condom use between cohorts. It was assumed that condom use in persons not present at 6 months was equal to baseline levels, and condom use estimates were calculated for each full cohort that was initially enrolled.
authors.affiliation: Columbia University School of Public Health, New York, New York, USA. mlatka@nyam.org
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Latka
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Gollub
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: French
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Stein
mesh_terms: D015331:Cohort Studies; D003075:Coitus; D017280:Condoms / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D019111:Single-Use Internal Condom / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D015438:Health Behavior; D006266:Health Education; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D019370:Observation; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012731:Sex Counseling / Q000379:methods*; D012749:Sexually Transmitted Diseases / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000635:transmission; D013997:Time Factors