title: Childhood carcinoid tumors: the St Jude Children's Research Hospital experience.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To better characterize childhood carcinoid tumors, the authors reviewed the clinical presentation, treatment, and outcomes of pediatric patients with these rare tumors.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective review was conducted of medical records and pathologic materials of all children with carcinoid tumors treated at St Jude Children's Research Hospital between December 1977 and March 1999.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eight patients (median age, 12.7 years) were identified; 2 were boys, and 7 were white. Primary tumor sites were the appendix (n = 5), small intestine (n = 1), bronchus (n = 1), and 1 unknown site. In 7 cases, carcinoid tumor was not suspected at the time the tumor was identified. Seven patients had localized disease; 5 remain disease-free after complete resection, and 2, whose carcinoid tumors were identified incidentally, died of metastatic mucinous adenocarcinoma of the colon. One patient who presented with symptoms of carcinoid syndrome had metastatic disease that responded poorly to cytotoxic chemotherapy and remains alive with active disease.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although most pediatric carcinoid tumors arise in the appendix, these tumors also occur in other primary sites. Clinical awareness and early diagnosis are important factors in preventing morbidity and mortality. Outcomes are excellent for patients with localized disease that is completely resected, but those with metastatic disease fare poorly. New therapeutic strategies are needed for these patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Hematology-Oncology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105-2794, USA.
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Spunt
authors.forename: C B
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Pratt
authors.forename: B N
authors.initials: BN
authors.lastname: Rao
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pritchard
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Jenkins
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Hill
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Cain
authors.forename: A S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Pappo
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001062:Appendectomy; D001063:Appendiceal Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery; D001984:Bronchial Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery; D002276:Carcinoid Tumor / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007414:Intestinal Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D011013:Pneumonectomy; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome