title: Transforming growth factor-beta 1 induces apoptosis independently of p53 and selectively reduces expression of Bcl-2 in multipotent hematopoietic cells.
abstract: Transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) can inhibit cell proliferation or induce apoptosis in multipotent hematopoietic cells. To study the mechanisms of TGF-beta1 action on primitive hematopoietic cells, we used the interleukin-3 (IL-3)-dependent, multipotent FDCP-Mix cell line. TGF-beta1-mediated growth inhibition was observed in high concentrations of IL-3, while at lower IL-3 concentrations TGF-beta1 induced apoptosis. The proapoptotic effects of TGF-beta1 occur via a p53-independent pathway, since p53(null) FDCP-Mix demonstrated the same responses to TGF-beta1. IL-3 has been suggested to enhance survival via an increase in (antiapoptotic) Bcl-x(L) expression. In FDCP-Mix cells, neither IL-3 nor TGF-beta1 induced any change in Bcl-x(L) protein levels or the proapoptotic proteins Bad or Bax. However, TGF-beta1 had a major effect on Bcl-2 levels, reducing them in the presence of high and low concentrations of IL-3. Overexpression of Bcl-2 in FDCP-Mix cells rescued them from TGF-beta1-induced apoptosis but was incapable of inhibiting TGF-beta1-mediated growth arrest. We conclude that TGF-beta1-induced cell death is independent of p53 and inhibited by Bcl-2, with no effect on Bcl-x(L). The significance of these results for stem cell survival in bone marrow are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Leukaemia Research Fund Cellular Development Unit, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, UMIST, Sackville St., Manchester, M60 1QD, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Francis
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Heyworth
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Spooncer
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pierce
authors.forename: T M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Dexter
authors.forename: A D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Whetton
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D002460:Cell Line; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004591:Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; D006412:Hematopoietic Stem Cells / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007377:Interleukin-3 / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / Q000378:metabolism*; D013997:Time Factors; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000378:metabolism*; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein; D051025:bcl-Associated Death Protein; D051020:bcl-X Protein
chemical_list: C494819:BAD protein, human; C494826:BAX protein, human; C494811:BCL2L1 protein, human; C494820:Bad protein, mouse; C494827:Bax protein, mouse; C494812:Bcl2l1 protein, mouse; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D007377:Interleukin-3; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; C508960:TGFB1 protein, human; C508961:Tgfb1 protein, mouse; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein; D051025:bcl-Associated Death Protein; D051020:bcl-X Protein