title: Stenotrophomonas maltophilia endocarditis of prosthetic aortic valve: report of a case and review of literature.
abstract: Stenotrophomonas Maltophilia (previously known as Xanthomonas maltophilia and Pseudomonas maltophilia ) is an aerobic, nonfermenting, gram-negative bacillus, which has emerged as a serious nosocomial pathogen in patients with compromised immunity. It is a rare cause of endocarditis with only 20 cases previously reported in medical literature. The risk factors associated with S maltophilia endocarditis include intravenous drug abuse, dental treatment, previous cardiac surgery, and infected intravascular devices. S maltophilia is resistant to multiple antibiotics, which leads to frequent therapeutic failures. Although the optimal antibiotic treatment for S maltophilia endocarditis remains unknown, most of the patients received 2 or more antibiotics. We report a case of S maltophilia endocarditis of prosthetic aortic valve, associated with a painless aortic dissection, that responded well to a combination of ciprofloxacin and chloramphenicol. The literature is reviewed to elaborate the disease characteristics, the treatments used, and the prognosis of the S maltophilia endocarditis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Long Island College Hospital, Brooklyn, NY 11201, USA.
authors.forename: N J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Mehta
authors.forename: I A
authors.initials: IA
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.forename: R N
authors.initials: RN
authors.lastname: Mehta
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gulati
mesh_terms: D000784:Aortic Dissection / Q000150:complications; D001014:Aortic Aneurysm / Q000150:complications; D004697:Endocarditis, Bacterial / Q000150:complications / Q000382:microbiology*; D016905:Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections / Q000150:complications; D006350:Heart Valve Prosthesis / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016459:Prosthesis-Related Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000382:microbiology*; D020615:Stenotrophomonas maltophilia