title: Dysphonia: a frequently encountered symptom in the evaluation of infants with unobstructed supracardiac total anomalous pulmonary venous connection.
abstract: Total anomalous pulmonary venous connection is a relatively uncommon congenital cardiac anomaly. When there is obstruction to pulmonary venous drainage or severe pulmonary hypertension due to increased pulmonary blood flow, the patient is usually critically ill and the diagnosis is unambiguous. However, in some patients the symptoms may be mild and often overlap with those of other noncardiac diseases. Tachypnea, failure to thrive, and mild cyanosis are the most frequently reported symptoms. In our patient population, we encountered a frequent observation by parents that the child had an alteration in voice which we elected to refer to as dysphonia for the purpose of this study. We retrospectively reviewed all patients with total anomalous pulmonary venous connection who were evaluated at our institution from January 1996 to January 1999 and found that 27% of patients had dysphonia as a presenting complaint to their primary care provider. We hypothesize that the etiology of this phenomenon lies in the possible compression of the left recurrent laryngeal nerve in the vicinity of the dilated pulmonary artery and the left vertical vein.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Madras Medical Mission, Mogapair, India.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shankargouda
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Krishnan
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Murali
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Shah
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006330:Heart Defects, Congenital / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007194:India / Q000453:epidemiology; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D009408:Nerve Compression Syndromes / Q000150:complications / Q000209:etiology; D011667:Pulmonary Veins / Q000002:abnormalities*; D012009:Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014832:Voice Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology