title: The optimum method for reconstruction of complex lateral oromandibular-cutaneous defects.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Ablation of large intraoral cancers can create extensive through-and-through defects of the lateral face, resulting in loss of external facial skin, the lateral and anterior mandible, and the lateral mouth. Repair requires reconstruction of the lips, mandible, and full-thickness cheek defects. Ideal reconstruction with vascularized composite free flaps requires adequate bone and sufficiently large, yet versatile, skin flaps capable of resurfacing extensive intraoral and external defects.
  
  
  METHODS
  A series of 12 patients with large lateral facial-mandibular defects is reviewed. All patients were treated for squamous cell carcinoma except for 1 patient with osteoblastic sarcoma of the mandible. All patients underwent primary reconstruction with various free flap techniques, including 6 scapular free flaps, 2 iliac crest free flaps, 3 free fibula flaps, and 1 radial forearm flap. Attainment of reconstructive goals, free flap survival, and complication rates were assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All defects were successfully reconstructed in the primary setting. No flap failures occurred. One venous occlusion was successfully salvaged. No orocutaneous fistulas or postoperative hematomas were noted.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The reconstructive options for extensive defects of the lateral face and jaw are reviewed with attention to the complex three-dimensional soft tissue requirements. The superiority of the scapular composite flap is emphasized because this single free flap provides two independent and versatile skin paddles of optimal thickness in addition to adequate bone stock.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, 243 Charles Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA.
authors.forename: D G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Deschler
authors.forename: R E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Hayden
mesh_terms: D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000601:surgery*; D020405:Dermis; D005145:Face / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D005360:Fibula; D006801:Humans; D007085:Ilium; D008297:Male; D008339:Mandibular Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*; D009062:Mouth Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*; D019647:Oral Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D012516:Osteosarcoma / Q000601:surgery*; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures / Q000379:methods; D012540:Scapula; D016038:Skin Transplantation; D013524:Surgical Flaps / Q000592:standards*