title: Thrombin reduces cerebral arterial contractions caused by cerebrospinal fluid from patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We observed that the second application of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) patients onto cerebral arterial segments in vitro produces a greater contraction than does the initial application. It was hypothesized that the difference between the first and second applications of SAH CSF was due to the activity of thrombin.
  
  
  METHODS
  Canine vertebrobasilar artery was removed under general anesthesia, cut into rings, and suspended in tissue culture baths so as to measure isometric tension. CSF was taken from patients 1 to 3 days after SAH via ventricular drains. CSF was administered in 10(-5) to 10(-1) dilutions. The thrombin antagonist hirudin (5 U) was administered before CSF in some experiments. The arterial tension response to pure oxyhemoglobin (10(-4) to 3.2 g/dL) and thrombin (10(-4) to 3.2 U/mL), administered alone or in combination, was also examined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Hirudin increased arterial tension generated on the initial application of SAH CSF but had no effect on the tension generated by the second application of the SAH CSF, suggesting that thrombin limits the tension generated by vasoconstrictive agents in the CSF. Thrombin and pure oxyhemoglobin administered together produced less tension than that generated in response to oxyhemoglobin administered alone; no additive response was observed by coadministering the 2 vasoconstrictive agents.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In the presence of oxyhemoglobin, thrombin acts to reduce cerebral arterial tension. This interaction between thrombin and hemoglobin may account for the observation that the second application of CSF from SAH patients onto cerebral arterial segments in vitro produces a greater contraction than does the initial application.
authors.affiliation: Section of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, University of Chicago Medical Center and Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.
authors.forename: M K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Borsody
authors.forename: G M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: DeGiovanni
authors.forename: L S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Marton
authors.forename: R L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Macdonald
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Weir
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001488:Basilar Artery / Q000187:drug effects; D002555:Cerebrospinal Fluid / Q000502:physiology*; D004285:Dogs; D000882:Haplorhini; D006629:Hirudins / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D010108:Oxyhemoglobins / Q000494:pharmacology; D013345:Subarachnoid Hemorrhage / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D013917:Thrombin / Q000494:pharmacology; D014661:Vasoconstriction / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D006629:Hirudins; D010108:Oxyhemoglobins; D013917:Thrombin