title: Pheochromocytoma treated by laparoscopic surgery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the results of the laparoscopic technique in the treatment of adrenal pheochromocytoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ten patients, 7 men and 3 women, between 10 and 67 years of age (mean 48) with pheochromocytoma underwent transperitoneal laparoscopic adrenalectomy and were evaluated retrospectively, based on clinical, laboratory, and pathological diagnosis. In all cases there was a solid unilateral adrenal tumor, 5 on the left side and 5 on the right side, whose greater diameter varied from 7 to 80 mm (mean 32). Nine of the 10 patients were chronically hypertensive or had already had hypertensive crises. One patient was normotensive, but presented metabolic alterations suggestive of adrenergic hyperfunction.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No deaths occurred in this series. There were two (20%) conversions to open surgery, one due to venous bleeding and one due to the difficulty of dissection behind the vena cava in a patient presenting a partially retro-caval tumor. Surgical time in the 8 non-converted cases ranged from 70 to 215 minutes (mean 136). One patient (10%) received blood transfusion, and another (10%) presented two complications - acute renal failure and a subcutaneous infection. Both had been converted to open surgery. None of the non-converted cases was transfused or presented complications. Hospital discharge occurred between the 2nd and 11th post-operative day (mean 3). The pathological exam of the surgical specimens confirmed the diagnoses of pheochromocytoma in all 10 cases, one of them associated with an aldosterone-producing cortical tumor.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Laparoscopic adrenalectomy for selected patients presenting pheochromocytoma is feasible and provides good results.
authors.affiliation: Division of Urology, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo.
authors.forename: L N
authors.initials: LN
authors.lastname: Castilho
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Medeiros
authors.forename: A I
authors.initials: AI
authors.lastname: Mitre
authors.forename: F T
authors.initials: FT
authors.lastname: Dénes
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Lucon
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Arap
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000310:Adrenal Gland Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*; D000315:Adrenalectomy / Q000379:methods*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010673:Pheochromocytoma / Q000601:surgery*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome