title: Evaluation of clinical guidelines for the management of end-stage renal disease in europe: the EU BIOMED 1 study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There are wide national and international variations in the management of patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). The aim of this study was to develop, harmonize, implement, and evaluate consensus-based clinical guidelines for the management of renal anaemia and renal bone disease in patients with ESRD, and for the prevention and management of cytomegalovirus disease in renal transplant recipients across six renal centres in Europe.
  
  
  METHODS
  The trial was a prospective, multicentre, randomized balanced incomplete block design. Nephrologists from the six European renal units were randomized to develop and implement guidelines for two out of the three conditions and to act as a control for the third condition. Data were collected pre- (1 year) and post- (9 months) intervention on aspects of patient monitoring, management, and outcome.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eight hundred and twenty-nine dialysis patients from the six European dialysis centres were included in the study. Multivariate analysis (adjusting for case-mix and secular trends) showed a significant increase in the number of monitoring events in the guideline group compared with control group (6%, 95% CI, 1-11%). There was no concomitant increase in either appropriate management or the number of favourable patient outcomes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In the first European collaboration on renal guidelines, the introduction of the guidelines improved the monitoring of the patients, but did not improve patient management or outcome. This study suggests the potential for creating clinical guidelines with the aim of standardizing treatment protocols across international boundaries, and improving the quality of the medical care provided.
authors.affiliation: Health Services Research Unit, University of Aberdeen, UK.
authors.forename: C R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Ramsay
authors.forename: M K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Campbell
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Cantarovich
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Catto
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cody
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Daly
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Delcroix
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Edward
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Grimshaw
authors.forename: H W
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: van Hamersvelt
authors.forename: I S
authors.initials: IS
authors.lastname: Henderson
authors.forename: I H
authors.initials: IH
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Koene
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Papadimitrou
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ritz
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Tsakiris
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: MacLeod
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D005060:Europe; D005069:Evaluation Studies as Topic; D006801:Humans; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000628:therapy*; D008991:Monitoring, Physiologic; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic / Q000592:standards*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D017582:Renal Replacement Therapy; D016896:Treatment Outcome