title: Biophysical properties of ClC-3 differentiate it from swelling-activated chloride channels in Chinese hamster ovary-K1 cells.
abstract: ClC-3 is a highly conserved voltage-gated chloride channel, which together with ClC-4 and ClC-5 belongs to one subfamily of the larger group of ClC chloride channels. Whereas ClC-5 is localized intracellularly, ClC-3 has been reported to be a swelling-activated plasma membrane channel. However, recent studies have shown that native ClC-3 in hepatocytes is primarily intracellular. Therefore, we reexamined the properties of ClC-3 in a mammalian cell expression system and compared them with the properties of endogenous swelling-activated channels. Chinese hamster ovary (CHO)-K1 cells were transiently transfected with rat ClC-3. The resulting chloride currents were Cl(-) > I(-) selective, showed extreme outward rectification, and lacked inactivation at positive voltages. In addition, they were insensitive to the chloride channel blockers, 5-nitro-2-(3-phenylpropylamino)-benzoic acid (NPPB) and 4, 4'-diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid (DIDS) and were not inhibited by phorbol esters or activated by osmotic swelling. These properties are identical to those of ClC-5 but differ from those previously attributed to ClC-3. In contrast, nontransfected CHO-K1 cells displayed an endogenous swelling-activated chloride current, which was weakly outward rectifying, inactivated at positive voltages, sensitive to NPPB and DIDS, and inhibited by phorbol esters. These properties are identical to those previously attributed to ClC-3. Therefore, we conclude that when expressed in CHO-K1 cells, ClC-3 is an extremely outward rectifying channel with similar properties to ClC-5 and is neither activated by cell swelling nor identical to the endogenous swelling-activated channel. These data suggest that ClC-3 cannot be responsible for the swelling-activated chloride channel under all circumstances.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology and Biophysics, and the Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555, USA.
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shimada
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Showalter
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Weinman
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016466:CHO Cells; D048429:Cell Size; D018118:Chloride Channels / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D006224:Cricetinae; D004553:Electric Conductivity; D022781:Hepatocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D007038:Hypotonic Solutions; D015640:Ion Channel Gating; D007552:Isotonic Solutions; D007700:Kinetics; D018408:Patch-Clamp Techniques; D051381:Rats; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D014162:Transfection
chemical_list: D018118:Chloride Channels; C115376:ClC-3 channel; D007038:Hypotonic Solutions; D007552:Isotonic Solutions; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins