title: DNA typing of human remains found in damp environments.
abstract: DNA typing is often used to determine identity from human remains. The environment to which the material has been exposed, however, is crucial for the success of the investigation. Damp conditions in particular can cause a rapid degradation of DNA, even in bone and teeth, and thus reduce the chances of successful typing. Here, we present the results of investigations performed on four skulls that had been lying in a damp environment for periods ranging from almost 1 year to about 45 years. In none of these cases was DNA typing successful on bone or, where present, on teeth. Where remnants of brain tissue were used, however, complete STR typing was possible in one case, partial STR typing in another, and mtDNA sequencing could be carried out in three cases. These findings suggest that brain tissue is relatively resistant to putrefaction in damp environments and, unlike bone, appears to exhibit a certain degree of protection against DNA degradation.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Legal Medicine, Eberhard-Karls-University, Tuebingen, Germany.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Graw
authors.forename: H J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Weisser
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lutz
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000166:cytology*; D001921:Brain / Q000166:cytology*; D002648:Child; D016172:DNA Fingerprinting / Q000379:methods*; D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D018732:Forensic Anthropology / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D006813:Humidity; D008297:Male; D018598:Minisatellite Repeats / Q000235:genetics; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic / Q000235:genetics; D011180:Postmortem Changes; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial