Regulation of chemokine/cytokine network during in vitro differentiation and HIV-1 infection of human monocytes: possible importance in the pathogenesis of AIDS.
The monocyte/macrophage lineage represents heterogeneous cell populations characterized by major differences in the phenotype and functional activities. These cells are a major source of soluble factors, such as cytokines and chemokines, which can both affect HIV replication and AIDS pathogenesis. Although monocytes/macrophages are unanimously considered important targets of HIV-1 infection, the HIV-induced alterations in their physiological functions at different stages of differentiation are still matter of debate. In this article, we review our data on the regulation of chemokine/cytokine network with regard to macrophage differentiation and HIV-1 infection, in comparison with studies from other groups. The ensemble of the results emphasizes that: 1) macrophages markedly differ with respect to monocytes for a variety of responses potentially important in the pathogenesis of HIV infection; and 2) the experimental conditions can influence the HIVmonocyte/macrophage interactions, reflecting the possible in vivo existence of a spectrum of responses among macrophage populations.
Fantuzzi
L
L
Laboratory of Virology, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy.
Conti
L
L
Gauzzi
M C
MC
Eid
P
P
Del Cornò
M
M
Varano
B
B
Canini
I
I
Belardelli
F
F
Gessani
S
S
D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000502:physiology; D018925:Chemokines / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000502:physiology*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000502:physiology*; D015658:HIV Infections; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000472:pathogenicity; D006801:Humans; D008264:Macrophages / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000821:virology*; D009000:Monocytes / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000821:virology*
D018925:Chemokines; D016207:Cytokines