title: Effect of hemoglobin levels in hemodialysis patients with asymptomatic cardiomyopathy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Hemoglobin levels below 10 g/dL lead to left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy, LV dilation, a lower quality of life, higher cardiac morbidity, and a higher mortality rate in end-stage renal disease. The benefits and risks of normalizing hemoglobin levels in hemodialysis patients without symptomatic cardiac disease are unknown.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred forty-six hemodialysis patients with either concentric LV hypertrophy or LV dilation were randomly assigned to receive doses of epoetin alpha designed to achieve hemoglobin levels of 10 or 13.5 g/dL. The study duration was 48 weeks. The primary outcomes were the change in LV mass index in those with concentric LV hypertrophy and the change in cavity volume index in those with LV dilation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In patients with concentric LV hypertrophy, the changes in LV mass index were similar in the normal and low target hemoglobin groups. The changes in cavity volume index were similar in both targets in the LV dilation group. Treatment-received analysis of the concentric LV hypertrophy group showed no correlation between the change in mass index and a correlation between the change in LV volume index and mean hemoglobin level achieved (8 mL/m2 per 1 g/dL hemoglobin decrement, P = 0.009). Mean hemoglobin levels and the changes in LV mass and cavity volume index were not correlated in patients with LV dilation. Normalization of hemoglobin led to improvements in fatigue (P = 0.009), depression (P = 0.02), and relationships (P = 0.004).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Normalization of hemoglobin does not lead to regression of established concentric LV hypertrophy or LV dilation. It may, however, prevent the development of LV dilation, and it leads to improved quality of life.
authors.affiliation: The Health Sciences Center, Memorial University of Newfoundland, Saint John's, UK. rn_foley@hotmail.com
authors.forename: R N
authors.initials: RN
authors.lastname: Foley
authors.forename: P S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Parfrey
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Morgan
authors.forename: P E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Barré
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Campbell
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Cartier
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Coyle
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fine
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Handa
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kingma
authors.forename: C Y
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Lau
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Levin
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Mendelssohn
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Muirhead
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Murphy
authors.forename: R K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Plante
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Posen
authors.forename: G A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Wells
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000740:Anemia / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology; D002306:Cardiac Volume; D002311:Cardiomyopathy, Dilated / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000517:prevention & control*; D004452:Echocardiography; D004921:Erythropoietin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005260:Female; D006454:Hemoglobins; D006801:Humans; D017379:Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000517:prevention & control; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000150:complications* / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017202:Myocardial Ischemia / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000517:prevention & control; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D011788:Quality of Life; D006435:Renal Dialysis; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013927:Thrombosis
chemical_list: D006454:Hemoglobins; D004921:Erythropoietin