title: Regulation of apoptosis in squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To analyze the expression of Bcl-2, Bax and ICH-1-L in squamous cell cancer of the vulva.
  
  
  METHODS
  Slides of 72 vulvar squamous cell carcinomas were stained immunohistologically for Bcl-2, Bax and ICH-1-L. They were analyzed for the percentage of positive tumor cells, staining intensity and pattern, and amount of Bcl-2-positive lymphocytes around the tumor. Results were analyzed for correlations with clinical and histologic characteristics. Disease-free and overall survival were evaluated by Kaplan-Meier curves with the log-rank test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Strong expression of Bcl-2 was present in 15% of tumors. Carcinomas with high Bcl-2 expression more frequently had lymph node metastasis (P = .03), without significant differences in other clinical or histologic parameters, disease-free and overall survival. Strong Bax expression was observed in 57%, without prognostic significance. Carcinomas showed high ICH-1-L expression in 35%. These tumors seemed to have longer disease-free survival, while overall survival was significantly longer (P = .02). A strong Bcl-2-positive inflammatory infiltrate was highly predictive of lymph node metastasis (P = .02) and disease-free survival (P = .03).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva, inhibition of apoptosis is associated with a more-aggressive phenotype, and a Bcl-2-positive inflammatory infiltrate is predictive of prognosis. A study with more patients should confirm the importance of apoptosis in vulvar carcinoma.
authors.affiliation: First Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ludwig-Maximiliens-Universität, Munich, Federal Republic of Germany. phantsch@fk-i.med.uni-muenchen.de
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hantschmann
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kürzl
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000235:genetics* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology*; D053143:Caspase 2; D020169:Caspases / Q000235:genetics; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005260:Female; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D019254:Genes, bcl-2; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000502:physiology; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D014846:Vulvar Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology*; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein
chemical_list: C494826:BAX protein, human; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein; D053143:Caspase 2; D020169:Caspases