title: Implication of multiple mechanisms in apoptosis induced by the synthetic retinoid CD437 in human prostate carcinoma cells.
abstract: The synthetic retinoid 6-[3-(1-adamantyl)-4-hydroxyphenyl]-2-naphthalene carboxylic acid (CD437) induces apoptosis in several types of cancer cell. CD437 inhibited the growth of both androgen-dependent and -independent human prostate carcinoma (HPC) cells in a concentration-dependent manner by rapid induction of apoptosis. CD437 was more effective in killing androgen-independent HPC cells such as DU145 and PC-3 than the androgen-dependent LNCaP cells. The caspase inhibitors Z-VAD-FMK and Z-DEVD-FMK blocked apoptosis induced by CD437 in DU145 and LNCaP cells, in which increased caspase-3 activity and PARP cleavage were observed, but not in PC-3 cells, in which CD437 did not induce caspase-3 activation and PARP cleavage. Thus, CD437 can induce either caspase-dependent or caspase-independent apoptosis in HPC cells. CD437 increased the expression of c-Myc, c-Jun, c-Fos, and death receptors DR4, DR5 and Fas. CD437's potency in apoptosis induction in the different cell lines was correlated with its effects on the expression of oncogenes and death receptors, thus implicating these genes in CD437-induced apoptosis in HPC cells. However, the importance and contribution of each of these genes in different HPC cell lines may vary. Because CD437 induced the expression of DR4, DR5 and Fas, we examined the effects of combining CD437 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) and Fas ligand, respectively, in HPC cells. We found synergistic induction of apoptosis, highlighting the importance of the modulation of these death receptors in CD437-induced apoptosis in HPC cells. This result also suggests a potential strategy of using CD437 with TRAIL for treatment of HPC. Oncogene (2000) 19, 4513 - 4522.
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, TX 77030, USA.
authors.forename: S Y
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Yue
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lotan
mesh_terms: D000728:Androgens / Q000378:metabolism; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics; D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D053148:Caspase 3; D020169:Caspases / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D050759:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21; D016213:Cyclins / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D053222:Fas Ligand Protein; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000187:drug effects; D009857:Oncogenes / Q000187:drug effects; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D053220:Receptors, TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor / Q000187:drug effects; D012176:Retinoids / Q000494:pharmacology*; D053221:TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000187:drug effects; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D019014:fas Receptor / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D000728:Androgens; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins; C099555:CD 437; C493956:CDKN1A protein, human; D050759:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21; D016213:Cyclins; C505661:FASLG protein, human; D053222:Fas Ligand Protein; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D053220:Receptors, TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor; D012176:Retinoids; D053221:TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand; C105190:TNFRSF10A protein, human; C505639:TNFRSF10B protein, human; C505653:TNFSF10 protein, human; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53; D019014:fas Receptor; C505407:CASP3 protein, human; D053148:Caspase 3; D020169:Caspases