title: Efficacy of postexposure prophylaxis after intravaginal exposure of pig-tailed macaques to a human-derived retrovirus (human immunodeficiency virus type 2).
abstract: Postexposure prophylaxis (PEP) after intravaginal exposure to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) was investigated using the HIV type 2 (HIV-2)/pig-tailed macaque transmission model. PEP for 28 days with the reverse transcriptase inhibitor (R)-9-(2-phosphonylmethoxypropyl)adenine (PMPA; tenofovir) was initiated 12 to 72 h following HIV-2 exposure. Systemic infection was not evident in the 12- and 36-h groups, as defined by plasma viremia, cell-associated provirus, antibody responses, and lymph node virus. Breakthrough infection in the 72-h group was detected at week 16 post-virus exposure. These results demonstrate for the first time using a vaginal transmission model that early intervention after high-risk sexual exposures may prevent infection.
authors.affiliation: Division of AIDS, STD, and TB Laboratory Research, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA. rxol@cdc.gov
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Otten
authors.forename: D K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: D R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Adams
authors.forename: J K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Pullium
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Jackson
authors.forename: C N
authors.initials: CN
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Jaffe
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Janssen
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Butera
authors.forename: T M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Folks
mesh_terms: D000163:Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000635:transmission; D000225:Adenine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000818:Animals; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D015498:HIV-2 / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D006801:Humans; D008254:Macaca nemestrina; D063065:Organophosphonates; D009943:Organophosphorus Compounds / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000032:analysis; D000068698:Tenofovir; D014621:Vagina / Q000821:virology*
chemical_list: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents; D063065:Organophosphonates; D009943:Organophosphorus Compounds; D012367:RNA, Viral; D000068698:Tenofovir; D000225:Adenine