title: Intravenous self-administration of methamphetamine-heroin (speedball) combinations under a progressive-ratio schedule of reinforcement in rats.
abstract: The i.v. self-administration by rats of a polydrug combination of methamphetamine and heroin was explored. The rewarding efficacy of a range of methamphetamine doses (0.0625-2.0 mg/kg/injection) alone or in combination with heroin (12.5 microg/kg/injection) was compared using a progressive-ratio (PR) schedule of reinforcement. Breaking points (BP) for one group of rats were determined at each dose of methamphetamine-alone and for another group at each of the same methamphetamine doses plus the heroin dose. The methamphetamine-heroin combination was associated with higher BPs than methamphetamine alone at all doses of methamphetamine. These data demonstrate that methamphetamine-heroin combinations (speedballs) produce a greater rewarding effect than the identical doses of methamphetamine alone and suggest that enhanced reward may underlie the popularity of speedball abuse.
authors.affiliation: Center for Studies in Behavioral Neurobiology, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ranaldi
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Wise
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004338:Drug Combinations; D003932:Heroin / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D008297:Male; D008694:Methamphetamine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D009294:Narcotics / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D051381:Rats; D012054:Reinforcement, Psychology; D012201:Reward; D012646:Self Administration
chemical_list: D004338:Drug Combinations; D009294:Narcotics; D008694:Methamphetamine; D003932:Heroin