title: Differential expression of estrogen receptor-alpha and -beta and androgen receptor in the ovaries of marmosets and humans.
abstract: Estrogens and androgens are essential for the maturation of the ovarian follicle and normal fertility in the female. We have used antibodies specific for both forms of estrogen receptor (alpha [ERalpha] and beta [ERbeta]) and androgen receptor (AR) to investigate the pattern of receptor expression in ovaries obtained from women and from a New World primate, the Common marmoset (Callthrix jacchus). On Western blots, three antibodies directed against different peptides within human ERbeta all recognized recombinant human (h) ERbeta but did not bind to recombinant hERalpha. The ERbeta protein was extracted from human ovary and prostate and marmoset ovary. In marmoset and human ovaries, ERbeta protein was detected in the nuclei of granulosa cells in all sizes of follicle (both before and after formation of the antrum), and it was also detected in thecal cells, corpora lutea, surface epithelium, and stroma. In contrast, ERalpha protein was not detected in the nuclei of granulosa cells in preantral follicles, was low/absent from stromal and thecal cells, but was expressed in granulosa cells of antral follicles and in the surface epithelium. The pattern of expression of AR protein more closely resembled that of ERbeta than ERalpha. In conclusion, three independent antibodies have demonstrated convincingly that ERbeta is expressed in a wide range of cells in the primate ovary. Granulosa cells in preantral follicles could contain ERbeta:beta dimers. In antral follicles, however, ERalpha is also expressed, and the formation of homo- or heterodimers containing ERalpha may influence the pattern of gene activation within these cells.
authors.affiliation: MRC Human Reproductive Sciences Unit, Edinburgh, EH3 9ET, United Kingdom. Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, OX3 0BP, United Kingdom. p.saunders@ed.ac.uk
authors.forename: P T
authors.initials: PT
authors.lastname: Saunders
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Millar
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Macpherson
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Harkiss
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Orr
authors.forename: N P
authors.initials: NP
authors.lastname: Groome
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Scobie
authors.forename: H M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Fraser
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D000918:Antibody Specificity; D002144:Callithrix; D047628:Estrogen Receptor alpha; D047629:Estrogen Receptor beta; D005260:Female; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006801:Humans; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D006080:Ovarian Follicle / Q000378:metabolism; D010053:Ovary / Q000502:physiology*; D011944:Receptors, Androgen / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D015533:Transcriptional Activation
chemical_list: D047628:Estrogen Receptor alpha; D047629:Estrogen Receptor beta; D011944:Receptors, Androgen; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen