title: Impact of facial paralysis on patients with acoustic neuroma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the psychological distress, the ways of coping with that stress, and the self-esteem of patients with facial paralysis after acoustic neuroma surgery. Possible predictors and associations between these measures were also explored.
  
  
  METHODS
  Four validated questionnaires were completed by patients with facial paralysis after acoustic neuroma surgery: 1) the Derriford Appearance Scale (DAS) to measure psychological distress, 2) the COPE questionnaire to measure how patients cope with facial paralysis, 3) the Personal Report questionnaire to measure the self-esteem of patients, and 4) the Facial Paralysis Questionnaire (FPQ) to measure the severity of facial paralysis.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred three patients with facial paralysis after surgical removal of acoustic tumors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Distress spanned a wide range in these patients. There was no statistically significant association between the level of distress and the grade of facial paralysis or between time since operation and levels of distress. Women had higher levels of distress (P = .02) and a significant negative correlation was found between levels of distress and age (r = -0.28, P = .005). High levels of distress were associated with low levels of self-esteem, as shown by the significant negative correlation between level of distress and self-esteem (r = -0.59, P = .01). A significant correlation between distress and maladaptive coping (r = 0.31, P = .002) was also found. Stepwise multiple regression of the distress scores revealed that self-esteem was the most important contributing factor (standardized coefficient beta -0.60, P = .0001), followed by age (beta -0.24, P = .006) and sex (beta -0.21, P = .04). This model explained 44% of the distress variance.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Clinicians must be aware of the distress felt by some patients experiencing facial palsy after acoustic neuroma surgery and that the level of distress may not be related to the clinical grade of the facial nerve paralysis. People with low self-esteem, young people, and women suffer from more distress due to the facial palsy. Clinicians should thoroughly counsel patients before and after surgery and should implement measures that increase patients' self-esteem and decrease their distress, especially in these high-risk groups.
authors.affiliation: Department of Behavioural Sciences, University Hospital, Queen's Medical Center, National Health Service Trust, Nottingham, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Cross
authors.forename: C E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Sheard
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Garrud
authors.forename: T P
authors.initials: TP
authors.lastname: Nikolopoulos
authors.forename: G M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: O'Donoghue
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003863:Depression / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology; D005158:Facial Paralysis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009464:Neuroma, Acoustic / Q000601:surgery*; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology*; D012649:Self Concept; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012737:Sex Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires