title: Dual role of PKC in modulating pharmacomechanical coupling in fetal and adult cerebral arteries.
abstract: This study tested the hypothesis that protein kinase C (PKC) has dual regulation on norepinephrine (NE)-mediated inositol 1,4, 5-trisphosphate [Ins (1,4,5)P(3)] pathway and vasoconstriction in cerebral arteries from near-term fetal ( approximately 140 gestational days) and adult sheep. Basal PKC activity values (%membrane bound) in fetal and adult cerebral arteries were 38 +/- 4% and 32 +/- 4%, respectively. In vessels of both age groups, the PKC isoforms alpha, beta(I), beta(II), and delta were relatively abundant. In contrast, compared with the adult, cerebral arteries of the fetus had low levels of PKC-epsilon. In response to 10(-4) M phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate (PDBu; PKC agonist), PKC activity in both fetal and adult cerebral arteries increased 40-50%. After NE stimulation, PKC activation with PDBu exerted negative feedback on Ins(1,4,5)P(3) and intracellular Ca(2+) concentration ([Ca(2+)](i)) in arteries of both age groups. In turn, PKC inhibition with staurosporine resulted in augmented NE-induced Ins(1,4,5)P(3) and [Ca(2+)](i) responses in adult, but not fetal, cerebral arteries. In adult tissues, PKC stimulation by PDBu increased vascular tone, but not [Ca(2+)](i). In contrast, in the fetal artery, PKC stimulation was associated with an increase in both tone and [Ca(2+)](i). In the presence of zero extracellular [Ca(2+)], these PDBu-induced responses were absent in the fetal vessel, whereas they remained unchanged in the adult. We conclude that, although basal PKC activity was similar in fetal and adult cerebral arteries, PKC's role in NE-mediated pharmacomechanical coupling differed significantly in the two age groups. In both fetal and adult cerebral arteries, PKC modulation of NE-induced signal transduction responses would appear to play a significant role in the regulation of vascular tone. The mechanisms differ in the two age groups, however, and this probably relates, in part, to the relative lack of PKC-epsilon in fetal vessels.
authors.affiliation: Center for Perinatal Biology, Departments of Physiology, Pharmacology and Obstetrics and Gynecology, Loma Linda University, School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California 92350, USA. llongo@som.llu.edu
authors.forename: L D
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Longo
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Long
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Miguel
authors.forename: R S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Windemuth
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Cantwell
authors.forename: A T
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Nanyonga
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Saito
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000201:enzymology; D002536:Cerebral Arteries / Q000196:embryology / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000502:physiology; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D005246:Feedback; D005333:Fetus; D007211:Indoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D015544:Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate / Q000378:metabolism*; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000378:metabolism; D007700:Kinetics; D007769:Lactams / Q000494:pharmacology; D009281:Naphthalenes / Q000494:pharmacology; D009638:Norepinephrine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015240:Phorbol 12,13-Dibutyrate / Q000494:pharmacology; D011493:Protein Kinase C / Q000378:metabolism*; D064546:Protein Kinase C beta; D051571:Protein Kinase C-alpha; D051745:Protein Kinase C-delta; D012756:Sheep; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology; D019311:Staurosporine / Q000494:pharmacology; D014661:Vasoconstriction / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D007211:Indoles; D007527:Isoenzymes; D007769:Lactams; D009281:Naphthalenes; D015240:Phorbol 12,13-Dibutyrate; D015544:Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate; C043969:indolactam V; D011493:Protein Kinase C; D064546:Protein Kinase C beta; D051571:Protein Kinase C-alpha; D051745:Protein Kinase C-delta; D019311:Staurosporine; C058819:calphostin C; D009638:Norepinephrine