title: Progressive infection in a subset of HIV-1-positive chimpanzees.
abstract: Chimpanzees are susceptible to infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1; however, infected animals usually maintain normal numbers of CD4(+) T lymphocytes and do not develop immunodeficiency. We have examined 10 chronically infected HIV-1-positive chimpanzees for evidence of progressive infection. In addition to 1 animal that developed AIDS, 3 chimpanzees exhibit evidence of progressive HIV infection. All progressors have low CD4(+) T cell counts (<200 cells/microL), severe CD4:CD8 inversion, and marked reduction in interleukin-2 receptor expression by CD4(+) T cells. In comparison with HIV-positive nonprogressor chimpanzees, progressors have higher plasma and lymphoid virus loads, greater CD38 expression in CD8(+)/HLA-DR(+) T cells, and greater serum concentrations of soluble tumor necrosis factor type II receptors and beta2-microglobulin, all markers of HIV progression in humans. These observations show that progressive HIV-1 infection can occur in chimpanzees and suggest that the pathogenesis of progressive infection in this species resembles that in humans.
authors.affiliation: Yerkes Regional Primate Research Center, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA. soneil@rmy.emory.edu
authors.forename: S P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: O'Neil
authors.forename: F J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Novembre
authors.forename: A B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Hill
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Suwyn
authors.forename: C E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Hart
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Evans-Strickfaden
authors.forename: D C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: deRosayro
authors.forename: J G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Herndon
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Saucier
authors.forename: H M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: McClure
mesh_terms: D036541:ADP-ribosyl Cyclase; D051997:ADP-ribosyl Cyclase 1; D000163:Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000276:immunology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D000818:Animals; D015703:Antigens, CD; D000943:Antigens, Differentiation / Q000097:blood; D018791:CD4 Lymphocyte Count; D016516:CD4-CD8 Ratio; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006679:HIV Seropositivity / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006684:HLA-DR Antigens / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D019012:Integrin beta1 / Q000097:blood; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology; D016131:Lymphocyte Subsets / Q000276:immunology; D008297:Male; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D009244:NAD+ Nucleosidase / Q000097:blood; D002679:Pan troglodytes; D015375:Receptors, Interleukin-2 / Q000097:blood; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD; D000943:Antigens, Differentiation; D006684:HLA-DR Antigens; D019012:Integrin beta1; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D015375:Receptors, Interleukin-2; D036541:ADP-ribosyl Cyclase; C498154:CD38 protein, human; D009244:NAD+ Nucleosidase; D051997:ADP-ribosyl Cyclase 1