title: Synergistic cooperation between water-soluble chitosan oligomers and interferon-gamma for induction of nitric oxide synthesis and tumoricidal activity in murine peritoneal macrophages.
abstract: The effects of water-soluble chitosan oligomers (WSCO) on the synthesis of nitric oxide (NO) by murine peritoneal macrophages and on macrophage-mediated cytotoxicity towards murine fibrosarcoma Meth A cells were investigated. WSCO alone had no effect on NO synthesis and killing of tumor cells. However, treatment of macrophages with a combination of WSCO and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) synergically increased NO synthesis and enhanced killing of tumor cells. The synergism between IFN-gamma and WSCO in NO synthesis and tumoricidal activity was mainly dependent on increased secretion of tumor necrosis factor-alpha by WSCO.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Chonbuk 570-749, South Korea.
authors.forename: W G
authors.initials: WG
authors.lastname: Seo
authors.forename: H O
authors.initials: HO
authors.lastname: Pae
authors.forename: N Y
authors.initials: NY
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: G S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Oh
authors.forename: I S
authors.initials: IS
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Y H
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Y M
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Y H
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: C D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Jun
authors.forename: H T
authors.initials: HT
authors.lastname: Chung
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000494:pharmacology; D002686:Chitin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D048271:Chitosan; D017077:Culture Media, Conditioned / Q000494:pharmacology; D003602:Cytotoxicity, Immunologic / Q000187:drug effects*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004357:Drug Synergism; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017737:Macrophages, Peritoneal / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D012995:Solubility; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D017077:Culture Media, Conditioned; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D002686:Chitin; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D007371:Interferon-gamma; D048271:Chitosan; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; C496317:Nos2 protein, mouse