title: Docetaxel-induced lymphopenia in patients with solid tumors: a prospective phenotypic analysis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The quantitative abnormalities of the different peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets during docetaxel administration were prospectively studied.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-six chemotherapy-naive patients with solid tumors were treated with docetaxel either in a 3 weekly (n = 33) or weekly (n = 13) schedule. Twenty patients with central nervous system (CNS) metastatic disease as the first clinical presentation of cancer and 35 patients with metastatic colorectal carcinoma treated with chemotherapy were enrolled as controls. The phenotype of peripheral blood lymphocytes was determined by indirect immunofluorescence using appropriate monoclonal antibodies and fluorescent-activated cell sorter analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After the administration of the first docetaxel cycle, the absolute number of peripheral blood lymphocytes (P < 0.005), CD3(+) (P < 0.01), CD4(+) (P < 0.01), CD8(+) (P < 0.01), and CD56(+) (P < 0. 01) but not CD20(+) (P < 0.3) cells was significantly decreased compared with the pretreatment values. Further treatment resulted in a further decrease of these lymphocyte subsets including CD20(+) cells (P < 0.01). Similarly, after the administration of the first weekly dose of docetaxel, the absolute number of total lymphocytes, CD3(+), CD4(+), and CD8(+) cells was decreased. The administration of the second weekly docetaxel dose resulted in a further decrease of CD56(+) (P = 0.012) and CD20(+) (P = 0.007) cells. The administration of either high dose corticosteroids in patients with CNS metastases or an irrelevant chemotherapy (CPT-11/5-FU) did not result in similar abnormalities. The discontinuation of docetaxel was associated with a recovery of CD3(+) and CD4(+) lymphocytes within a 3-month period. Eight (17%) patients developed nonneutropenic infections during docetaxel treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Docetaxel has an important but reversible nonspecific lymphopenic effect that seems to be associated with an increased risk for nonneutropenic infections.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Oncology, University General Hospital of Heraklion, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kotsakis
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sarra
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Peraki
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Koukourakis
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Apostolaki
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Souglakos
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Mavromanomakis
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vlachonikolis
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Georgoulias
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D000077143:Docetaxel; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016130:Immunophenotyping; D007239:Infections / Q000209:etiology; D018655:Lymphocyte Count / Q000187:drug effects; D016131:Lymphocyte Subsets / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology; D008231:Lymphopenia / Q000097:blood / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000276:immunology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy; D009503:Neutropenia / Q000097:blood / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000276:immunology; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects; D017239:Paclitaxel / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011446:Prospective Studies; D043823:Taxoids
chemical_list: D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; D043823:Taxoids; D000077143:Docetaxel; D017239:Paclitaxel