title: The effect of electrical stimulation on leg muscle pump activity in spinal cord-injured and able-bodied individuals.
abstract: The purpose of this study was to examine the difference in: (1) effective muscle pump activity (MPA) between voluntary and electrically (ES) induced contractions in able-bodied subjects (ABS); and (2) ES-induced MPA between spinal cord-injured (SCI) individuals and ABS. MPA was measured as relative volume changes in the calf using strain-gauge plethysmography during repeated muscle contractions in the supine position while venous outflow was impeded by a thigh cuff inflated to a range of pressures. Ten SCI individuals and ten ABS participated in this study. ABS showed no significant difference between voluntary and electrically induced MPA [58.1 (18.4)% versus 67.7 (8.7)%, respectively]. SCI individuals showed a significantly lower ES-induced MPA than ABS [21.5 (15.9)% versus 67.7 (8.7)%, respectively]. The low MPA in SCI individuals may be explained by: (1) extensive leg muscle atrophy and/or (2) an "atrophic" vascular system in the legs. The electrical current level seemed to influence MPA (43 mA, 21.5% versus 60 mA, 30.8%) for SCI individuals, whereas no influence of muscle contraction rate on MPA was observed in ABS. The results of this study demonstrate that although ES-induced leg muscle contractions result in adequate MPA in ABS, it leads to significantly less effective MPA in SCI individuals.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, University of Nijmegen, The Netherlands. M.vanBeekvelt@czzoknf.azn.nl
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: van Beekvelt
authors.forename: W N
authors.initials: WN
authors.lastname: van Asten
authors.forename: M T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Hopman
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D006801:Humans; D007866:Leg / Q000502:physiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000502:physiology; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000502:physiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D010991:Plethysmography; D011187:Posture / Q000502:physiology; D013119:Spinal Cord Injuries / Q000503:physiopathology*; D016683:Supine Position / Q000502:physiology