title: Novel mechanism for presynaptic inhibition: GABA(A) receptors affect the release machinery.
abstract: Presynaptic inhibition is produced by increasing Cl(-) conductance, resulting in an action potential of a smaller amplitude at the excitatory axon terminals. This, in turn, reduces Ca(2+) entry to produce a smaller release. For this mechanism to operate, the "inhibitory" effect of shunting should last during the arrival of the "excitatory" action potential to its terminals, and to achieve that, the inhibitory action potential should precede the excitatory action potential. Using the crayfish neuromuscular preparation which is innervated by one excitatory axon and one inhibitory axon, we found, at 12 degrees C, prominent presynaptic inhibition when the inhibitory action potential followed the excitatory action potential by 1, and even 2, ms. The presynaptic excitatory action potential and the excitatory nerve terminal current (ENTC) were not altered, and Ca(2+) imaging at single release boutons showed that this "late" presynaptic inhibition did not result from a reduction in Ca(2+) entry. Since 50 microM picrotoxin blocked this late component of presynaptic inhibition, we suggest that gamma-aminobutyric acid-A (GABA(A)) receptors reduce transmitter release also by a mechanism other than affecting Ca(2+) entry.
authors.affiliation: The Otto Loewi Minerva Center for Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Neurobiology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel. ruthy@vms.huji.ac.il
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Parnas
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Rashkovan
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ravin
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fischer
mesh_terms: D000200:Action Potentials / Q000187:drug effects; D000818:Animals; D003400:Astacoidea; D001418:Baclofen / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D016257:Fura-2; D018756:GABA Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D058787:GABA-A Receptor Antagonists; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007424:Intracellular Fluid / Q000378:metabolism; D008274:Magnesium / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D009433:Neural Inhibition / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D009469:Neuromuscular Junction / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D018408:Patch-Clamp Techniques; D010852:Picrotoxin / Q000494:pharmacology; D017729:Presynaptic Terminals / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D011930:Reaction Time / Q000502:physiology; D011963:Receptors, GABA-A / Q000378:metabolism*; D009435:Synaptic Transmission / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D013696:Temperature; D005680:gamma-Aminobutyric Acid / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D001418:Baclofen; D002118:Calcium; D016257:Fura-2; D018756:GABA Antagonists; D058787:GABA-A Receptor Antagonists; D008274:Magnesium; D010852:Picrotoxin; D011963:Receptors, GABA-A; D005680:gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; C057491:2-hydroxysaclofen