title: Quantification of hepatic and renal cortical echogenicity in clinically normal cats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To quantitatively determine echogenicity of the liver and renal cortex in clinically normal cats.
  
  
  METHODS
  17 clinically normal adult cats.
  
  
  METHODS
  3 ultrasonographic images of the liver and the right kidney were digitized from video output from each cat. Without changing the ultrasound machine settings, an image of a tissue-equivalent phantom was digitized. Biopsy specimens of the right renal cortex and liver were obtained for histologic examination. Mean pixel intensities within the region of interest (ROI) on hepatic, renal cortical, and tissue-equivalent phantom ultrasonographic images were determined by histogram analysis. From ultrasonographic images, mean pixel intensities for hepatic and renal cortical ROI were standardized by dividing each mean value by the mean pixel intensity from the tissue-equivalent phantom.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean (+/- SD) standardized hepatic echogenicity value was 1.06 +/- 0.02 (95% confidence interval, 1.02 to 1.10). The mean standardized right renal cortical echogenicity value was 1.04 +/- 0.02 (95% confidence interval, 1.01 to 1.08). The mean combined standardized hepatic and renal cortical echogenicity value was 1.02 +/- 0.05 (95% confidence interval, 0.99 to 1.04).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Quantitative determination of hepatic and renal cortical echogenicity in cats is feasible, using histogram analysis, and may be useful for early detection of diffuse parenchymal disease and for serially evaluating disease progression.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater 74078, USA.
authors.forename: W T
authors.initials: WT
authors.lastname: Drost
authors.forename: G A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Henry
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Meinkoth
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Woods
authors.forename: T W
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Lehenbauer
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002415:Cats / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D005260:Female; D007672:Kidney Cortex / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D008099:Liver / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D008297:Male; D012016:Reference Values; D014463:Ultrasonography