title: Influence of sex hormonal status on alcohol-induced oxidative injury in male and female rat liver.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Oxidative stress contributes to the development of liver injury after chronic alcohol intake. Women exhibit greater sensitivity to alcohol-induced liver disease than do men. The aim of the study was to determine the relationship between the sex hormone status of male and female rats and the degree of alcohol-induced oxidative stress in the liver.
  
  
  METHODS
  Male and female rats were pair-fed a liquid diet that contained 36% of their total daily calories as ethanol (EtOH group) or maltose (control group). Blood and liver samples were collected at the end of 8 weeks of diet.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Male EtOH rats experienced a reduction in plasma testosterone (T) and an increase in estradiol (E2) levels, with an increase in their calculated E2/T ratio with respect to their controls. Malonaldehyde (MDA) levels, an index of lipid peroxidation, and protein carbonyl content, an index of protein oxidation, in the liver were greater among the EtOH groups in females than in males. In males, an inverse correlation was found between hepatic MDA and circulating T levels, and a direct correlation was disclosed between MDA and estradiol levels. In addition, the hepatic histopathological score correlated inversely with the plasma T levels and directly with the calculated E2/T ratio, an index of feminization.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Alcohol-induced oxidative injury, which contributes to hepatic injury in both male and female rats, is enhanced in females compared with males. A role for plasma T levels in protecting male rat liver from ethanol-induced oxidative injury can be hypothesized.
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Illinois, USA. acolan@luc.edu
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Colantoni
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: La Paglia
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: De Maria
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Emanuele
authors.forename: N V
authors.initials: NV
authors.lastname: Emanuele
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Idilman
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Harig
authors.forename: D H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Van Thiel
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002492:Central Nervous System Depressants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004958:Estradiol / Q000097:blood*; D000431:Ethanol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D012739:Gonadal Steroid Hormones / Q000097:blood; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000378:metabolism; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012737:Sex Factors; D013739:Testosterone / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D002492:Central Nervous System Depressants; D012739:Gonadal Steroid Hormones; D000431:Ethanol; D013739:Testosterone; D004958:Estradiol; D008315:Malondialdehyde