title: Unlicensed and off-label medication use in a general pediatrics ambulatory hospital unit in Israel.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Many medications used for children have not undergone evaluation to assure acceptable standards for optimal dose, safety and efficacy. As a result, the majority of children admitted to hospital wards receive medications outside the terms of their license (off-label) or medications that are not specifically licensed for use in children (unlicensed). The extent of unlicensed and off-label medication use in ambulatory children is unknown.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine the extent of unlicensed and off-label medication use in a general pediatrics ambulatory hospital unit in Israel.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a retrospective analysis of the medical records of 132 outpatient children treated in the General Pediatrics Ambulatory Unit of the Soroka Medical Center, Beer Sheva, in November-December 1998.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The children's ages ranged from 1 month to 18 years (mean +/- SD 50 +/- 58 months). Of the 222 prescriptions given to these children, one-third were unlicensed (8%) or unlabeled (26%). Different dose and age were the most common categories of off-label medication use. All 18 cases of unlicensed use were due to modification of licensed drugs (tablets were crushed to prepare suspensions). Altogether, 42% of children received medicines that were off-label and/or unlicensed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  More off-label than unlicensed medications were used. Further investigations are required to establish the extent of unproved drug use in both hospitalized and ambulatory pediatric patients in Israel. Recommendations recently issued by the Ministry of Health's National Council for Child Health and Pediatrics constitute a first step in the Israeli contribution to the international effort demanding testing of medications for children.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Pediatric Pharmacology, Soroka Medical Center, Beer Sheva, Israel.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Gavrilov
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lifshitz
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Levy
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gorodischer
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D017277:Drug Approval; D004348:Drug Labeling; D011307:Drug Prescriptions; D004358:Drug Therapy / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006757:Hospital Units / Q000592:standards*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007557:Israel; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians'; D012189:Retrospective Studies