title: Heterophoria and fixation disparity: a review.
abstract: Heterophoria does not provide a reliable clue for ordering prisms in an asthenopic patient. The same reservation applies to associated phoria, as determined by prism correction of fixation disparity. Subjective tests for fixation disparity, even those with a fusionable fixation target, do not correctly indicate the vergence position of the eyes under natural viewing conditions. Attempts to measure fixation disparity on the basis of stereo disparity, using the "Measuring and Correction Methods of H.-J. Haase", have failed.
authors.affiliation: University Eye Clinic, Freiburg, Germany. kommerell@aug.ukl.uni-freiburg.de
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kommerell
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gerling
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ball
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: de Paz
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bach
mesh_terms: D005139:Eyeglasses; D005403:Fixation, Ocular / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D013285:Strabismus / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy; D015357:Vision Disparity / Q000502:physiology*