title: Coliform, Escherichia coli, and salmonellae concentrations in a multiple-tank, counterflow poultry scalder.
abstract: Scald water samples from a commercial broiler processing plant were tested for coliforms, Escherichia coli, and salmonellae to evaluate the numbers of suspended bacteria in a multiple-tank, counterflow scalder. Water samples were taken from each of three tanks on 8 different days after 6-week-old broilers had been processed for 8 h. Coliforms and E. coli were counted using Petrifilm, and the most probable number (MPN) of salmonellae was determined both in water samples and in rinses of defeathered carcasses that were removed from the processing line immediately after taking the water samples. Mean coliform concentrations in tanks 1, 2, and 3 (the last tank that carcasses pass through before being defeathered) were 3.4, 2.0, and 1.2 log10(CFU/ml), respectively. E. coli concentrations followed the same pattern with means of 3.2, 1.5, and 0.8 in tanks 1, 2, and 3, respectively, with significant differences (P < 0.02) in the concentrations of both coliforms and E. coli between the tanks. Sixteen of 24 scald-water samples were positive for salmonellae with a geometric mean of 10.9 MPN/100 ml in the positive samples. Salmonellae were isolated from seven of eight water samples from both tanks 1 and 2, but in only two of eight water samples from tank 3, the last tank that carcasses pass through. It appears that most bacteria removed from carcasses during scalding are washed off during the early part of scalding.
authors.affiliation: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Russell Research Center, Poultry Processing and Meat Quality Research Unit, Athens, Georgia 30604-5677, USA. jcason@saa.ars.usda.gov
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Cason
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hinton
authors.forename: K D
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Ingram
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002645:Chickens / Q000382:microbiology*; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D004755:Enterobacteriaceae / Q000254:growth & development / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000254:growth & development / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000517:prevention & control; D005525:Food-Processing Industry / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000592:standards; D012475:Salmonella / Q000254:growth & development / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D013696:Temperature; D014871:Water Microbiology