Lamivudine without HBIg for prevention of graft reinfection by hepatitis B: long-term follow-up.
BACKGROUND
This open, multicenter study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy and safety of lamivudine prophylaxis given to chronic hepatitis B virus-(HBV) infected patients before and after orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT). We now present long-term data that follow our previous short-term report.


METHODS
Twenty-three patients were treated with lamivudine (100 mg orally, daily); 13 (57%), were serum HBV DNA positive (Abbott Genostics, Abbott Laboratories, Chicago, IL) at study entry. Patients received lamivudine for at least 4 weeks before OLT, and for up to 50 months (median 25 months) after OLT.


RESULTS
Of the 23 treated patients, 17 survived to undergo OLT. Eleven patients (65%) survived up to 4 years (median 36 months) after OLT. One of the survivors stopped lamivudine because of a possible adverse reaction 9 months post-OLT, and prophylaxis with HBV immune globulin was then established. Ten survivors continue lamivudine. Eight long-term survivors have normal liver function without evidence of HBV reinfection. Of the 17 transplanted patients, 6 died. Four patients died (3 days to 5 months post-OLT) without evidence of graft reinfection. Two further patients died at 19 and 23 months post-OLT from graft failure. Both patients had YMDD variant detected at 12 months post-OLT. Two other patients with YMDD-variant HBV remain alive on lamivudine, 9 and 15 months after development of the variant.


CONCLUSIONS
Lamivudine, given before and after OLT, prevents significant graft reinfection for the majority of treated patients. The study has also shown that lamivudine is extremely well tolerated by liver failure patients and for a prolonged period after transplantation.
Mutimer
D
D
Liver Unit, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK.
Dusheiko
G
G
Barrett
C
C
Grellier
L
L
Ahmed
M
M
Anschuetz
G
G
Burroughs
A
A
Hubscher
S
S
Dhillon
A P
AP
Rolles
K
K
Elias
E
E
D001706:Biopsy; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000097:blood; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006509:Hepatitis B / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006510:Hepatitis B Antibodies / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006515:Hepatitis B virus / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D019259:Lamivudine / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016031:Liver Transplantation / Q000401:mortality; D015996:Survival Rate
D004279:DNA, Viral; D006510:Hepatitis B Antibodies; D019259:Lamivudine