title: Role of angiogenesis in benign, premalignant and malignant vulvar lesions.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the presence of angiogenic factors in benign, premalignant and malignant vulvar lesions.
  
  
  METHODS
  Immunohistochemical demonstration of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and platelet-derived endothelial cell growth factor (PD-ECGF) in normal vulvar skin, lichen sclerosus, vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN) and vulvar cancer.
  
  
  RESULTS
  VEGF was found in the majority of vulvar cancers but only a minority of VIN lesions. PD-ECGF was found in the majority of lesions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Demonstration of angiogenesis may suggest which preinvasive lesions will progress to invasive cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Royal Free and University College Medical School, London, U.K.
authors.forename: A B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: MacLean
authors.forename: W M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Reid
authors.forename: K J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Rolfe
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Gammell
authors.forename: H E
authors.initials: HE
authors.lastname: Pugh
authors.forename: K C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Gatter
authors.forename: A C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Wong Te Fong
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Crow
authors.forename: C W
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Perrett
mesh_terms: D002278:Carcinoma in Situ / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D016228:Endothelial Growth Factors / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D018459:Lichen Sclerosus et Atrophicus / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D008222:Lymphokines / Q000378:metabolism; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic; D011230:Precancerous Conditions / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D013939:Thymidine Phosphorylase / Q000378:metabolism; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D042442:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors; D014845:Vulvar Diseases / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D014846:Vulvar Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*
chemical_list: D016228:Endothelial Growth Factors; D008222:Lymphokines; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D042442:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors; D013939:Thymidine Phosphorylase