title: Excess costs of diabetes in the Aboriginal population of Manitoba, Canada.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We developed a measure of the cost of diabetes for general and North American Indian populations of Manitoba and estimated the excess costs of diabetes which are attributable to diabetes prevalence rates and per person utilization of health services.
  
  
  METHODS
  We obtained data from the Manitoba Medicare database and the Manitoba Diabetes Database. We estimated costs for each service and cost per person for four populations: Indian and general population groups with and without diabetes. Excess cost formulas were estimated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Prevalence and utilization were considerably higher for the North American Indian population. As a first approximation, excess costs due to disease prevalence added 15.9% to total costs, while excess costs due to utilization add 14.6%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Disease prevalence indicates a need to focus on primary preventive measures. High utilization indicates complications, and suggests a need for secondary prevention.
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton. philip.jacobs@ualberta.ca
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Jacobs
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Blanchard
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: James
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Depew
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D017281:Cost of Illness; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000191:economics* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000208:ethnology; D017048:Health Care Costs; D006760:Hospitalization / Q000191:economics; D006801:Humans; D007198:Indians, North American / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008350:Manitoba / Q000453:epidemiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D012042:Registries