title: Selective lymphoscintigraphy: a necessary adjunct to dye-directed sentinel node biopsy for breast cancer?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Dye-directed sentinel node biopsy (SNB) for breast cancer provides accurate staging with low morbidity, but for tumors distant from the axilla, its use has been questioned.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Can preoperative breast lymphoscintigraphy (BL) applied selectively to medial hemisphere tumors predict a subset of patients who may not require surgical staging of the axilla?
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective cohort study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Tertiary, multidisciplinary breast center.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-two women with breast tumors located in the medial hemisphere (30) or inframammary crease (2).
  
  
  METHODS
  Peritumoral injection of 500 microCi of technetium Tc 99m sulfur colloid and biplanar imaging. Nonpalpable lesions were localized with ultrasound or mammography. At the time of definitive breast surgery, isosulfan blue dye-directed SNB was performed. Axillary dissection was performed when the SN contained a tumor or could not be identified.
  
  
  METHODS
  Regional nodal basins identified by BL; success rate of SNB.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Preoperative BL demonstrated axillary drainage in 28 patients (88%); 2 patients (6%) had isolated internal mammary radionuclide uptake, and 2 patients had no nodal uptake. Dye-directed axillary SNB succeeded in 27 (87%) of 31 patients, including both patients with failed BL. Breast lymphoscintigraphy had predicted isolated internal mammary drainage in 2 of 4 patients whose SNs could not be identified. Metastases were found in 5 patients (16%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Axillary radionuclide uptake predicts but does not augment dye-directed SN identification. In those few patients with isolated internal mammary drainage, BL may obviate the need for surgical staging of the axilla.
authors.affiliation: Kaiser Permanente Los Angeles Medical Center, CA, USA. Joseph.M.Guenther@kp.org
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Guenther
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Collins
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Barnes
authors.forename: T X
authors.initials: TX
authors.lastname: O'Connell
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001707:Biopsy, Needle / Q000379:methods; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008197:Lymph Node Excision; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011877:Radionuclide Imaging; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity