title: In vitro wound healing responses to enamel matrix derivative.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Enamel matrix derivative (EMD) contains a variety of hydrophobic enamel matrix proteins and is extracted from developing embryonal enamel of porcine origin. EMD has been associated with the formation of acellular cementum and it has been found to stimulate periodontal regeneration. The present study was established to investigate the influence of EMD on human periodontal ligament (PDL) cells, gingival fibroblasts (GF), and osteosarcoma (MG-63) cells on wound-fill rates using an in vitro wound model.
  
  
  METHODS
  Wounds were created by making 3 mm incisions in cell monolayers across the length of tissue culture plates. The wounded PDL, GF, and MG-63 cell monolayers were treated with media containing EMD over a concentration range of 5 to 100 microg/ml, platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF-BB) at 20 ng/ml as a positive control and insulin-like growth factor (IGF-I) at 100 ng/ml as a negative control. PDL cell wounded monolayers also were treated in EMD coated tissue culture plates. After an incubation period (up to 9 days), the cells were fixed and stained and cellular fill was measured across the width of the wound by computer-assisted histomorphometry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  When PDL, GF, and MG-63 cells were exposed to EMD in culture medium, an enhanced wound-fill was observed for all cells compared to untreated conditions. At early time points, PDL wound-fill rates in the presence of EMD were statistically greater than the rates of GF and MG-63 treated with EMD (P<0.001). There were no significant differences in wound-fill rates of PDL cells treated with EMD in medium versus EMD coated on culture plates. At days 3 and 6 post-wounding, PDL cells showed a significantly greater response to EMD than to PDGF-BB (P <0.001). EMD also had a greater effect on GF wound-fill rates than PDGF-BB at days 6 and 9. MG-63 cells were less responsive to PDGF-BB and EMD than PDL cells and GF. All 3 cell types treated with IGF-I showed no significant increase of wound-fill rates.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present data support the concept that clinical application of enamel matrix derivative may enhance periodontal wound regeneration by specifically modifying periodontal ligament cell proliferation and migration.
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 78229-3900, USA.
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Hoang
authors.forename: T W
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Oates
authors.forename: D L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Cochran
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000077214:Becaplermin; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000187:drug effects; D004396:Coloring Agents; D003470:Culture Media; D046508:Culture Techniques; D003746:Dental Enamel Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects; D005881:Gingiva / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D012516:Osteosarcoma / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D010513:Periodontal Ligament / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects*; D010982:Platelet-Derived Growth Factor / Q000494:pharmacology; D020574:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-sis; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D012038:Regeneration / Q000187:drug effects; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D004396:Coloring Agents; D003470:Culture Media; D003746:Dental Enamel Proteins; D010982:Platelet-Derived Growth Factor; D020574:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-sis; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; C109069:enamel matrix proteins; D000077214:Becaplermin; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I