Bioavailability and intestinal absorption of aluminum in rats: effects of aluminum compounds and some dietary constituents.
In the present investigation, the deposition of aluminum in intestinal fragment and the appearance in blood were studied in a perfused rat intestine in situ for 1 h with several aluminum forms (16 mM). We observed that aluminum absorption was positively correlated with the theoretic affinity of aluminum and the functional groups of the chelating agent. The absorption of aluminum after ingestion of organic compounds is more important than after ingestion of mineral compounds, with the following order: Al citrate > Al tartrate, Al gluconate, Al lactate > Al glutamate, Al chloride, Al sulfate, Al nitrate. Absorption depends on the nature of the ligands associated with the Al3+ ion in the gastrointestinal fluid. The higher the aluminum retention in intestinal fragment, the lower the absorption and appearance in blood. However, the higher aluminum concentration is always in the jejunal fragment because of the influence of pH variation on this fragment. Another objective of the present study was to determine the influence of several parameters on aluminum citrate absorption: with or without 0.1 mmol dinitrophenol/L, with aluminum concentration from 3.2, 16, 32, and 48, to 64 mmol/L, media containing 0, 3, or 6 mmol Ca/L, with or without phosphorus or glucose. It is concluded that aluminum is absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract by (1) a paracellular energy independent and nonsaturable route, mainly used for high aluminum concentration, which is modified by extracellular calcium, and (2) a transcellular and saturable route, the aluminum level was not modified with enhancement of aluminum quantity in intestinal lumen. This pathway can be similar with calcium transfer through the intestine and is energy dependent because of a decrease of aluminum absorption that follows the removal of glucose and phosphorus.
Cunat
L
L
Laboratoire de Chimie Generale Appliquée a la Médecine, Dèpartement Environnement et Santé Publique, Faculté de Médecine, Université Henri Poincaré Nancy I, Vandoeuvre les Nancy, France.
Lanhers
M C
MC
Joyeux
M
M
Burnel
D
D
D000534:Alum Compounds / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D000535:Aluminum / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D000077410:Aluminum Chloride; D017607:Aluminum Compounds / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D000818:Animals; D001682:Biological Availability; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D002614:Chelating Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D002712:Chlorides / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D019343:Citric Acid / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D004140:Dinitrophenols / Q000494:pharmacology; D004386:Duodenum / Q000187:drug effects; D005942:Gluconates / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D018698:Glutamic Acid / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007082:Ileum / Q000187:drug effects; D007421:Intestine, Small / Q000378:metabolism*; D007583:Jejunum / Q000187:drug effects; D007773:Lactates / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D008024:Ligands; D008297:Male; D009566:Nitrates / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D010477:Perfusion; D010758:Phosphorus / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013644:Tartrates / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D013997:Time Factors
D000534:Alum Compounds; D017607:Aluminum Compounds; D002614:Chelating Agents; D002712:Chlorides; D004140:Dinitrophenols; D005942:Gluconates; D007773:Lactates; D008024:Ligands; D009566:Nitrates; D013644:Tartrates; D010758:Phosphorus; D019343:Citric Acid; C041524:aluminum sulfate; D000077410:Aluminum Chloride; D018698:Glutamic Acid; D000535:Aluminum; C050609:aluminum nitrate; D005947:Glucose; C030691:gluconic acid; D002118:Calcium; C104223:aluminum lactate; C029768:tartaric acid