title: In vivo dynamics and pathogenicity of wild-type and resistant Hepatitis B virus during long-term lamivudine monotherapy - a clinical note.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Genotypic resistance of Hepatitis B virus (HBV) against lamivudine evolves within months after onset of therapy.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine the longitudinal order in which resistance mutations appear and to compare the kinetics and pathogenicity of wild-type and resistant HBV.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a longitudinal study, consecutive samples were drawn over a period of 28 months from a patient with chronic hepatitis B, and resistance mutations were followed by sequencing a part of the polymerase region of HBV. These data were compared with HBV copy numbers, HBsAg and ALT levels, and results of consecutive liver biopsies.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After 21 weeks of treatment, a silent mutation at codon 528 (CTG to TTG) occurred. Significant genotypic resistance was detectable after 68 weeks, indicated by a substitution of isoleucine for methionine at residue 552 (M552I). Nineteen weeks later, the virus exhibited additional resistance-associated mutations (L528M and I552V). The resulting high-level resistance was reflected by an increase of serum HBV copies of 4.7 log(10). The turnover of wild-type and resistant HBV was 2.6x10(6) and 1.8x10(6) virions/day, respectively. HBsAg and ALT levels were lower within the period when resistant HBV was detectable. During treatment the progress of liver fibrosis was arrested.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The in vivo replicative capacities and dynamics of wild-type and resistant HBV were similar. However, resistant HBV seemed to exhibit reduced pathogenicity.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University Hospital Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zöllner
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Stoehr
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Plettenberg
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Feucht
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schröter
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Schäfer
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Laufs
mesh_terms: D001483:Base Sequence; D004352:Drug Resistance, Microbial / Q000235:genetics; D015684:Gene Products, pol / Q000235:genetics; D006515:Hepatitis B virus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics / Q000472:pathogenicity* / Q000502:physiology; D019694:Hepatitis B, Chronic / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000821:virology; D006801:Humans; D019259:Lamivudine / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D018894:Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D015684:Gene Products, pol; C066027:P protein, Hepatitis B virus; D018894:Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors; D019259:Lamivudine