title: Primary and acquired drug resistance in Polish tuberculosis patients: results of a study of the national drug resistance surveillance programme.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the prevalence and patterns of primary and acquired drug resistance among Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates recovered from tuberculosis patients in Poland.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a prospective survey, M. tuberculosis strains were collected from 3970 tuberculosis patients (2976 newly diagnosed cases and 994 previously treated patients) bacteriologically confirmed by culture between November 1996 and October 1997.
  
  
  METHODS
  Drug susceptibility testing to isoniazid (INH), streptomycin, ethambutol and rifampicin (RMP) was performed on Löwenstein-Jensen medium according to the proportion method and/or using the radiometric Bactec 460 TB system.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The male to female ratio was 2.61:1. The patients were aged between 6 and 82 years, with 86% of males and 77% of females aged over 35 years. Primary resistance to any drug was found in 3.6% of new patients; any INH resistance was 2.6%, any RMP resistance was 0.7%, and multidrug resistance (to INH and RMP [MDR]) was 0.6%. In previously treated cases, resistance to any drug was 17.0%, any INH resistance 14.1%, any RMP resistance 7.8%, and MDR 7.0%. Drug-resistant tuberculosis does not present a big problem in Poland; primary drug resistance has been monitored since 1960 with decreasing frequency, and rates remain at the same level as 20 years ago. Studies such as this should be conducted regularly to monitor drug resistance in Poland in order to effectively manage national tuberculosis control efforts.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Warsaw, Poland. z.zwolska@igichp.edu.pl
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zwolska
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Augustynowicz-Kopec
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Klatt
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000995:Antitubercular Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002648:Child; D004351:Drug Resistance; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D008875:Middle Aged; D011044:Poland / Q000453:epidemiology; D011159:Population Surveillance; D015995:Prevalence; D011446:Prospective Studies; D017678:Sex Distribution; D014376:Tuberculosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology*
chemical_list: D000995:Antitubercular Agents