title: Identification of selected psychopharmaceuticals and their metabolites in hair by LC/ESI-CID/MS and LC/MS/MS.
abstract: Hair samples of patients of psychiatry and hair samples of suicide cases were analysed by liquid-chromatography/ionspray-mass spectrometry (LC/MS) for antidepressants and neuroleptics. Electrospray ionisation (ESI) with in-source collision induced dissociation (ESI/CID) and tandem-mass spectrometry (MS/MS) were used for drug and metabolite identification. Mass spectra library searching was performed using an ESI/CID mass spectra library and a MS/MS spectra library. Furthermore, extracted ion chromatograms were used for the detection of N-desmethyl-metabolites, which were also identified by their fragment-ion spectra. Three examples using these methods are shown: The tricyclic antidepressant maprotiline, the selective serotonin receptor inhibitor (SSRI) citalopram and their desmethylmetabolites as well as the neuroleptic pipamperone were detected and identified in hair extracts. For extraction powdered hair was treated by ultrasonication in methanol and solid-phase extraction was used for sample clean-up prior to LC/MS or MS/MS analysis. These examples demonstrate the power of LC/MS and LC/MS/MS for the detection and identification of drugs in hair extracts using full-scan mode and ESI/CID with library searching or using highly selective LC/MS/MS-analysis with library searching or in multiple reaction monitoring mode.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Forensic Medicine, Klinikum der Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Albertstr. 9, D-79104, Freiburg, Germany.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Müller
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vogt
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Goerke
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kordon
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Weinmann
mesh_terms: D018687:Antidepressive Agents, Second-Generation / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D001344:Autopsy / Q000379:methods*; D002090:Butyrophenones / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D002423:Cause of Death; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid / Q000379:methods*; D016208:Databases, Factual; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods*; D006197:Hair / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D008376:Maprotiline / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D018629:Spectrometry, Mass, Secondary Ion / Q000379:methods*; D015813:Substance Abuse Detection / Q000379:methods*; D013405:Suicide; D014116:Toxicology / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D018687:Antidepressive Agents, Second-Generation; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents; D002090:Butyrophenones; D008376:Maprotiline; C005569:pipamperone