title: Cardiogenic shock due to acute severe mitral regurgitation complicating acute myocardial infarction: a report from the SHOCK Trial Registry. SHould we use emergently revascularize Occluded Coronaries in cardiogenic shocK?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Our objective was to define the outcomes of patients with cardiogenic shock (CS) due to severe mitral regurgitation (MR) complicating acute myocardial infarction (AMI).
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Methods for early identification and optimal treatment of such patients have not been defined.
  
  
  METHODS
  The SHOCK Trial Registry enrolled 1,190 patients with CS complicating AMI. We compared 1) the cohort with severe mitral regurgitation (MR, n = 98) to the cohort with predominant left ventricular failure (LVF, n = 879), and 2) the MR patients who underwent valve surgery (n = 43) to those who did not (n = 51).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Shock developed early after MI in both the MR (median 12.8 h) and LVF (median 6.2 h) cohorts. The MR patients were more often female (52% vs. 37%, p = 0.004) and less likely to have ST elevation at shock diagnosis (41% vs. 63%, p < 0.001). The MR index MI was more frequently inferior (55% vs. 44%, p = 0.039) or posterior (32% vs. 17%, p = 0.002) than that of LVF and much less frequently anterior (34% vs. 59%, p < 0.001). Despite having higher mean LVEF (0.37 vs. 0.30, p = 0.001) the MR cohort had similar in-hospital mortality (55% vs. 61%, p = 0.277). The majority of MR patients did not undergo mitral valve surgery. Those undergoing surgery exhibited higher mean LVEF than those not undergoing surgery; nevertheless, 39% died in hospital.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The data highlight opportunities for early identification and intervention to potentially decrease the devastating mortality and morbidity of severe post-myocardial infarction MR.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. cthompson@Providencehealth.bc.ca
authors.forename: C R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Thompson
authors.forename: C E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Buller
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Sleeper
authors.forename: T A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Antonelli
authors.forename: J G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Webb
authors.forename: W A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Jaber
authors.forename: J G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Abel
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Hochman
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002404:Catheterization; D017023:Coronary Angiography; D005260:Female; D019918:Heart Valve Prosthesis Implantation; D017052:Hospital Mortality; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008944:Mitral Valve Insufficiency / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D009204:Myocardial Revascularization; D016017:Odds Ratio; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012042:Registries; D012770:Shock, Cardiogenic / Q000209:etiology* / Q000401:mortality / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D013318:Stroke Volume; D015996:Survival Rate