title: Subjective and objective markers of treatment response in patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although there is a recognized association between upper and lower allergic airways disease, it is unknown how seasonal allergic rhinitis (SAR) therapy will effect sensitive markers of airway function in patients with no history of asthma.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To prospectively evaluate subjective and objective markers of treatment response in 26 patients with SAR who have been screened to exclude a diagnosis of asthma.
  
  
  METHODS
  The patients' usual treatment, with antihistamine alone (n = 13) or in combination with intranasal corticosteroid (n = 13), was withheld for 1 week to achieve a baseline and then resumed. Measurements were made after baseline and after 2 and 4 weeks of treatment for nasal peak inspiratory flow rate (nPIFR); airways resistance (Raw) and specific conductance (sGaw); and nasal nitric oxide (NO). Patients reported their symptom (nasal, throat and eye) scores, daily activity scores, and ocular sodium cromoglycate usage over the preceding 24 hours.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with baseline, there were significant (P < .05) improvements with nPIFR, symptom scores and cromoglycate usage at 2 and 4 weeks of treatment. There was no significant suppression for NO at 2 or 4 weeks. There was a significant correlation between nPIFR and nasal symptoms (r = -0.52, P < .001). After 4 weeks of treatment there were significant (P < .05) improvements in sGaw (143.3% predicted) and Raw (91.6% predicted) compared with baseline (sGaw: 111.8%, Raw: 104.2% predicted).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Treatment of SAR improves upper and lower airway parameters but not NO. Nasal PIFR correlates significantly with nasal symptoms.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Ninewells Hospital & Medical School, University of Dundee, Scotland, UK.
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.forename: O J
authors.initials: OJ
authors.lastname: Dempsey
authors.forename: E J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Sims
authors.forename: B J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Lipworth
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007320:Inspiratory Capacity / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D009297:Nasal Mucosa / Q000737:chemistry; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000378:metabolism; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D012123:Pulmonary Ventilation; D006255:Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal / Q000628:therapy*; D013147:Spirometry; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D009569:Nitric Oxide; C496319:NOS2 protein, human; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II