title: Cytokines secreted by lymphokine-activated killer cells induce endogenous nitric oxide synthesis and apoptosis in DLD-1 colon cancer cells.
abstract: IL-2-activated killer lymphocytes (LAK cells) secrete inflammatory cytokines such as interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) that can induce nitric oxide (NO) synthesis. We evaluated whether LAK cells could activate NO synthesis in human cancer cells. LAK cells and their culture supernatants induced NO synthesis in DLD-1 colon cancer cells in a dose-dependent manner. NO synthesis was inhibited completely by blocking antibodies to IFN-gamma, demonstrating a key role for this LAK cell cytokine in regulating NO synthesis. The addition of TNFalpha antibodies resulted in partial inhibition. Induction of iNOS mRNA and protein expression in DLD-1 cells was detected. Endogenous NO production inhibited DLD-1 cell proliferation and induced apoptosis, processes that were inhibitable by the NO synthase inhibitor N(G)-monomethyl-l-arginine. Our study has identified a novel, non-contact-dependent LAK cell cytotoxic mechanism: induction of growth inhibition and programmed cell death due to endogenous NO synthesis in susceptible human cancer cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Institute for Medical Sciences, Chonbuk, 560-182, Korea.
authors.forename: J Y
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Kwak
authors.forename: M K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: K S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: I H
authors.initials: IH
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: S Y
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: M H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Sohn
authors.forename: U H
authors.initials: UH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: McGregor
authors.forename: W E
authors.initials: WE
authors.lastname: Samlowski
authors.forename: C Y
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Yim
mesh_terms: D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000032:analysis; D017209:Apoptosis; D002455:Cell Division; D018920:Coculture Techniques / Q000379:methods; D004790:Enzyme Induction; D006801:Humans; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000378:metabolism*; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000276:immunology / Q000494:pharmacology; D015979:Killer Cells, Lymphokine-Activated / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects; D016131:Lymphocyte Subsets / Q000145:classification / Q000276:immunology; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D012995:Solubility; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD; D007376:Interleukin-2; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D007371:Interferon-gamma; C496319:NOS2 protein, human; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II