title: Pathologic examination of renal cell cancer by means of step-sectioning.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Because incidental detection of small renal cell cancers (RCC) has recently become increasingly common, nephron-sparing surgery for these cases has been more widely performed. Renal cell cancer was investigated by means of step-sectioning in order to determine which cases were suitable for nephron-sparing surgery and how it should be performed.
  
  
  METHODS
  Pathology specimens obtained from 90 cases of radical nephrectomy were examined in 5 mm sections. We excluded large and invasive tumors from the present study. Particular attention was given to satellite tumor nodules (STN), pseudocapsules of the main tumor and vascular invasion.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Satellite tumor nodules of cancer (STN-Ca) were found in seven of 90 cases (7.8%). Tumor size and grade was not correlated with the existence of STN-Ca. The distance between the main tumor and STN-Ca varied. with the pathology of the STN-Ca mostly resembling that of the main tumor. Pseudocapsules of the main tumor were incomplete in 53 cases (58.9%), but extracapsular invasion of more than 1 mm was not seen in tumors less than 50 mm in diameter. Through step-sectioning, a further six cases with microscopic vascular invasion were found. Vascular invasion within the main tumor was confirmed in 16 of 17 cases (94.1%) and within normal renal tissue in only one case.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The incidence of existing STN-Ca was not high (7.8%) in the present study, we had not any characteristics in the cases with STN-Ca. As STN-Ca were rarely near the main tumor, we could not expect to resect STN-Ca with main tumor, resection to more than 1 mm outside the pseudocapsule was needed for complete resection of main tumor less than 50 mm in diameter. Normal renal tissue between the tumor and pelvis is a requirement for selecting appropriate cases in nephron-sparing surgery, but we could not remove the risk of leaving STN-Ca completely.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Gunma University School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan. cct25000@syd.odn.ne.jp
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tsuchiya
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Jinbo
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kurita
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Matsumoto
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Okamura
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Uchida
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yamanaka
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sugihara
mesh_terms: D000236:Adenoma / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D005350:Fibroma / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009392:Nephrectomy / Q000379:methods; D009399:Nephrons / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D011379:Prognosis; D013724:Teratoma / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery