title: In vitro characteristics of neonatal hemangioma endothelial cells: similarities and differences between normal neonatal and fetal endothelial cells.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Increased angiogenesis and eventual involution are major characteristics of neonatal hemangiomas. The mechanism to explain this transition is not completely understood.
  
  
  METHODS
  To determine the nature of these changes, endothelial cells were isolated from eight hemangiomas and the growth characteristics and morphology of these cells were compared to cells isolated from normal fetal and neonatal skin. Three cells lines were further characterized by analyzing protein expression with immunohistochemistry and FACS analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Hemangioma endothelial cells converted to a spindle-shaped morphology similar to that of fetal endothelial cells whereas neonatal endothelial cells maintained their characteristic epithelioid morphology. While neonatal, hemangioma and fetal endothelial cells continued to express platelet-endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (PECAM-1) and von Willebrand factor (vWf), hemangioma and fetal cells expressed both proteins at a lower level and in a distribution distinct from normal neonatal endothelial cells. Neonatal endothelial cells continued to express epithelial specific Type IV collagen, while hemangioma and fetal endothelial cells produced interstitial Type I collagen.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Both cell morphology and protein expression of neonatal hemangioma endothelial cells were more characteristic of embryonic microvascular endothelial cells than that of postembryonic cells demonstrating a similarity in these two cell types and suggesting a dysfunction in the normal growth and maturation of endothelial cells in this tumor.
authors.affiliation: Section of Plastic Surgery, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, California, USA.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dosanjh
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bresnick
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Reinisch
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Longaker
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Karasek
mesh_terms: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D005333:Fetus; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D019084:Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect; D018324:Hemangioma, Capillary / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D012867:Skin; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins