title: H+-ATPase activity on unilateral ureteral obstruction: interaction of endogenous nitric oxide and angiotensin II.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A number of cytokines, vasoactive compounds, chemoattractant molecules, and growth factors are up-regulated in obstruction. Following the onset of ureteral obstruction, angiotensin II production is rapidly stimulated. Cytokine-induced expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) has been reported in primary cultures of inner medullary collecting duct (IMCD) cells. We found that the defective urinary acidification in unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) includes an intensive decrease in bafilomycin-sensitive H+-ATPase activity in microdissected IMCD segments.
  
  
  METHODS
  To investigate the interaction between endogenous nitric oxide and angiotensin II on H+-ATPase activity, we used microdissected IMCD segments of unilaterally obstructed, contralateral, and control kidneys to measure the bafilomycin-sensitive ATPase activity and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity. The generated NO was also evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Preincubation of obstructed IMCD segments in the presence of a competitive inhibitor of NOS, NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) 1 mmol/L, and in the presence of a specific inhibitor of calcium/calmodulin-independent NOS (iNOS), aminoguanidine 1 mmol/L, each for 60 minutes, significantly increased bafilomycin-sensitive H+-ATPase. A greater increase on iNOS activity (fmol [3H] citrulline/min/microg protein) and a lesser increase in calcium/calmodulin-dependent NOS activity (cNOS) were observed in the obstructed renal medulla. This inhibitory effect of obstruction was abolished when IMCDs were incubated with 10-5 to 10-8 mol/L losartan. Decreasing doses of the angiotensin II type 1 (AT1) receptor inhibitor caused an increase in bafilomycin-sensitive H+-ATPase, with a maximum increase at 10-8 mol/L losartan. A decrease on iNOS activity was demonstrated in the obstructed renal medulla incubated with losartan in concentrations of 10-5 to 10-8 mol/L, the same losartan concentrations that showed recovery of vacuolar H+-ATPase activity. Similarly, a decrease on the generation of NO after incubation with losartan 10-5 to 10-8 mol/L was shown.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  From these results, we suggest that endogenous NO increased by iNOS is involved in the inhibition of H+-ATPase activity in obstructed IMCD segments. The recovery of H+-ATPase activity in IMCD of obstructed kidneys induced by losartan may be related to a decrease of inducible NOS activity.
authors.affiliation: Cátedra de Fisiopatología, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina. pvalles@fmed2.uncu.edu.ar
authors.forename: P G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Valles
authors.forename: W A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Manucha
mesh_terms: D000804:Angiotensin II / Q000378:metabolism*; D057911:Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists; D000818:Animals; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D007679:Kidney Medulla / Q000201:enzymology*; D019808:Losartan / Q000494:pharmacology; D019331:NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester / Q000494:pharmacology; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000378:metabolism*; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III; D009573:Nitrites / Q000378:metabolism; D006180:Proton-Translocating ATPases / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D011921:Rats, Inbred WKY; D044140:Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1; D044139:Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 2; D012079:Renal Circulation / Q000502:physiology; D014517:Ureteral Obstruction / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D057911:Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D009573:Nitrites; D044140:Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1; D044139:Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 2; D000804:Angiotensin II; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III; C496318:Nos2 protein, rat; C496316:Nos3 protein, rat; D006180:Proton-Translocating ATPases; D019808:Losartan; D019331:NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester