title: Shosaiko-to and other Kampo (Japanese herbal) medicines: a review of their immunomodulatory activities.
abstract: The use of alternative medicine, including consumption of herbal products and dietary supplements, has been increasing substantially both in the United States and in Western Europe. One area that is garnering increased attention is the use of Oriental Medicine including Kampo, or Japanese herbal medicine. Herein, we review representative examples of research available on the most common use of Kampo medicinals, namely to improve the immune response. We also provide an extensive background on the history of Kampo. There are more than 210 different Kampo formulae used in Japan and most uses of Kampo are to modulate the immune response, i.e. to improve immunity. We have extracted data on seven common Kampo medicinals, and the data are reviewed with respect to in vitro and in vivo activities for both humans and experimental animals; the ingredients as well as the problems with classification of these materials are presented. Research suggests that Kampo herbals are biologically active and may have therapeutic potential. While it is believed that Kampo medicines have few side effects, there is a paucity of data on their toxicity as well as a relative lack of knowledge of the bioactive constituents and potential drug interactions of these agents.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California, TB 192, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
authors.forename: A T
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Borchers
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sakai
authors.forename: G L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Henderson
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Harkey
authors.forename: C L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Keen
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Stern
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Terasawa
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Gershwin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000276:immunology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000276:immunology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D020835:Medicine, Kampo
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal; C461320:shosaiko-to