title: Reduction of side effects of intravesical therapy with bacille Calmette-Guérin by pentoxifylline?--an in vitro approach.
abstract: Immunotherapy with intravesical bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) is the treatment of choice against superficial bladder cancer recurrences. However, this therapy is associated with side effects that are considered to be the result of inflammatory cytokines. Since pentoxifylline is known to interfere with the production of cytokines, this drug was tested in vitro with regard to a later clinical application in BCG-treated patients. The cytokine release and the cytotoxicity of interleukin-2 or BCG-stimulated mononuclear cells were analyzed, and the growth of BCG under the influence of pentoxifylline was assayed. The results showed an inhibition of cytokine release of stimulated mononuclear cells. The cytotoxicity of BCG-stimulated mononuclear cells but not of lymphokine-stimulated mononuclear cells against bladder carcinoma cells was significantly inhibited. Restimulation with fresh BCG restored cytotoxicity. Direct coincubation of BCG and pentoxifylline resulted in a reduction of mycobacterial metabolism. From these data, we conclude that the use of pentoxifylline to reduce BCG-related side effects should be tested further in a clinical study.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Medical University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany. boehle@medinf.mu-luebeck.de
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Böhle
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Thanhäuser
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ernst
authors.forename: H D
authors.initials: HD
authors.lastname: Flad
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rüsch-Gerdes
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Jocham
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Ulmer
mesh_terms: D000283:Administration, Intravesical; D000818:Animals; D001500:BCG Vaccine / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000276:immunology; D019496:Cancer Vaccines / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000276:immunology; D016207:Cytokines / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D003602:Cytotoxicity, Immunologic / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000378:metabolism; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000378:metabolism; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation; D051379:Mice; D009163:Mycobacterium bovis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development / Q000276:immunology; D010431:Pentoxifylline / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010835:Phytohemagglutinins / Q000494:pharmacology; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000628:therapy
chemical_list: D001500:BCG Vaccine; D019496:Cancer Vaccines; D016207:Cytokines; D007376:Interleukin-2; D010835:Phytohemagglutinins; D007371:Interferon-gamma; D010431:Pentoxifylline