title: Euclidean distance matrix analysis of surgical changes in prepubertal craniofacial microsomia patients treated with an inverted L osteotomy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Correction of craniofacial microsomia (CFM) presents several challenges concerning the modality of surgical intervention. The aim of this study was to assess early and late surgical outcome, by undertaking Euclidean distance matrix analysis (EDMA) of CFM patients exhibiting an unilateral mandibular deformity that was surgically corrected by an inverted L osteotomy and autogenous bone graft.
  
  
  METHODS
  Longitudinal study. Preoperative, approximately =1-year postoperative and approximately 3-year postoperative assessments of 14 consecutive children (mean age 9 years) with CFM. Posteroanterior cephalographs were scanned and five homologous mandibular landmarks were digitized in triplicate (< 1% digitization error). Average mandibular geometries, scaled to an equivalent size, were generated using a generalized rotational fit program (Procrustes superimposition) and subjected to EDMA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean pre- and both postoperative mandibular configurations differed statistically (p < .01). Early postoperative improvements in mandibular form were noted; increases in length arising in the treated mandibular body (approximately =19%) and ramus (approximately =13%). Comparing early and late postoperative configurations, a decrease of approximately =22% in the late postoperative mandibular body length was evident, but the ramus maintained steady vertical growth (approximately =7%). Comparing the preoperative and late postoperative configurations, the decrease observed in the mandibular body on the treated side was reduced to approximately =8% while the ramus maintained good growth (approximately =20%) on that side.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Mandibular morphology is improved significantly in CFM patients surgically treated by an inverted L osteotomy, but relapse in the mandibular body is evident after approximately =3 years. Nevertheless, ramus growth proceeds well after the surgical reconstruction.
authors.affiliation: Dundee Dental Hospital and School, University of Dundee, Scotland, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: A D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Hay
authors.forename: A F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Ayoub
authors.forename: K F
authors.initials: KF
authors.lastname: Moos
authors.forename: G D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Singh
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002508:Cephalometry / Q000379:methods*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005146:Facial Asymmetry / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D008334:Mandible / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D008865:Microstomia / Q000601:surgery; D019647:Oral Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D010027:Osteotomy / Q000379:methods; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care / Q000379:methods; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric