National, state, and urban area vaccination coverage levels among children aged 19-35 months--United States, 1998.
OBJECTIVE
High vaccination levels in the population are necessary to decrease disease transmission and prevent disease; therefore, an important component of the U.S. vaccination program is the assessment of vaccination coverage. Current goals are for > or = 90% coverage with recommended vaccines during the first 2 years of life.


METHODS
January-December 1998.


METHODS
The National Immunization Survey (NIS) is an ongoing, random-digit-dialed telephone survey that gathers vaccination coverage data for children aged 19-35 months in all 50 states and 28 urban areas. Vaccination coverage rates derived from NIS data are adjusted statistically for households with multiple telephone lines, household nonresponse, the proportion of households without telephones, and vaccination provider nonresponse. The results were also adjusted to match the known total population of children in each survey area.


RESULTS
On the basis of NIS data, national coverage was > or = 90% for three doses of poliovirus vaccine (Polio), three doses of Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine (Hib), and one dose of measles-containing vaccine (MCV). Coverage was the highest ever reported for four doses of any diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and pertussis vaccine (DTP) (i.e., diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and pertussis vaccine, diphtheria and tetanus toxoids [DT], or diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and acellular pertussis vaccine [DTaP]) (83.9%), three doses of hepatitis B vaccine (Hep B, 87.0%), and one dose of varicella vaccine (43.2%). The number of states achieving the > or = 90% goal was 47 for three doses of Hib, 40 for three doses of Polio, 40 for one dose of MCV, nine for three doses of Hep B, and seven for four doses of DTP. Proportionally fewer urban areas achieved the > or = 90% goal: 23 of 28 for three doses of Hib, 13 for three doses of Polio, 16 for one dose of MCV, five for three doses of Hep B, and one for four doses of DTP. No state or urban area has yet achieved the > or = 90% goal for varicella.


CONCLUSIONS
Findings from the 1998 NIS indicate that national vaccination coverage levels for routinely recommended childhood vaccines are at the highest levels ever reported. However, substantial variation in coverage remains at the state and urban area levels.


CONCLUSIONS
The public health community and vaccination providers in areas with low coverage should intensify their efforts to implement recommended strategies for increasing vaccination coverage to ensure that children are equally well protected throughout the United States.
Herrera
G A
GA
Assessment Branch, Division of Data Management, National Immunization Program, USA.
Smith
P
P
Daniels
D
D
Klevens
R M
RM
Coronado
V
V
McCauley
M
M
Stokley
S
S
Maes
E F
EF
Ezzati-Rice
T M
TM
Wright
R A
RA
Cordero
J F
JF
D002675:Child, Preschool; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D011159:Population Surveillance; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D014505:Urban Population / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D014611:Vaccination / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*