title: Advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the base of the tongue treated with surgery and post-operative radiotherapy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Early stage squamous cell carcinoma of the base of the tongue has been successfully treated with radiotherapy and brachytherapy. However, the vast majority of these tumours seen in Western Europe are already at an advanced stage. Medical records of 79 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the base of the tongue treated between 1980 and 1994 were examined.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighty-three per cent of the primary tumours were stage T3 or T4. Fifty-nine patients were treated with surgery and post-operative radiotherapy. Quality of life assessment amongst the survivors was performed by means of a questionnaire.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Five year disease free survival in patients undergoing excision for T3-T4 tumours was 59%. Patients with T2-T3 tumours undergoing partial excision of the tongue base had a 3 year recurrence free survival rate of 68%. Distant metastasis occurred in 16%. Seventy-eight per cent of the patients judged their quality of life to be near normal.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Surgery and post-operative radiotherapy offer a reasonably good survival in advanced carcinoma of the base of the tongue with preservation of quality of life.
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Otolaryngology Head Neck Surgery, University Hospital VU, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Tiwari
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: van Ardenne
authors.forename: C R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Leemans
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Quak
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tobi
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Mehta
authors.forename: G B
authors.initials: GB
authors.lastname: Snow
mesh_terms: D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy* / Q000601:surgery*; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D003679:Deglutition; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D011788:Quality of Life; D013060:Speech; D013524:Surgical Flaps; D016019:Survival Analysis; D014062:Tongue Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy* / Q000601:surgery*; D017211:Treatment Failure