title: Sleep disorders: assisting patients to a good night's sleep.
abstract: Sleep is an active process consisting of macro- and microarchitectural rhythms, chronobiology, and neurochemical changes. Disruptions in sleep chronobiology, which may occur in shift workers and the elderly or due to jet lag, often respond to exogenous melatonin. Insomnia requires careful evaluation to determine contributions of comorbid medical conditions and drug effects. Treatment options include sleep hygiene principles and sedative hypnotic therapy. Zaleplon and zolpidem, short-acting benzodiazepines selective for omega-1 GABA receptors, are effective first-line agents for initiating sleep.
authors.affiliation: University of Texas at Austin, USA.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Toney
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ereshefsky
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008550:Melatonin / Q000502:physiology; D010595:Pharmacists; D007319:Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders / Q000503:physiopathology; D012893:Sleep Wake Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*
chemical_list: D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives; D008550:Melatonin