title: Non-linear effects in the retention of an avoidance task induced by anabolic steroids.
abstract: The results of the study reported in Brain Research in 1995 by Isaacson et al. [Isaacson, R.L., Varner, J.A., Baars, J.-M., de Wied, D., 1995. The effects of pregnenolone sulfate and ethylestrenol on retention of a passive avoidance task. Brain Res. 689, 79-84] have been re-examined with special emphasis placed on the distributions of latencies found in the passive avoidance task using rats. This study used two retention tests, one 24 h after training the other at 48 h after training. In the first experiment in that study a range of doses of two anabolic steroids, pregnenolone sulfate and ethylestrenol, were given s.c. just after the footshock training trial. In experiment 2 a similar range of doses of both steroids was given to the rats 1 h before the first retention test. Placing emphasis on the distributions rather than measures of central tendencies revealed that, in contrast to the vehicle treated animals, the anabolic steroid treated animals exhibited bimodal distributions of response latencies. These differences between control and hormone treated animals were observed in both experiments. The new information was interpreted in terms of non-linear dynamics including some aspects of Chaos theory.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY 13902-6000, USA. isaacson@binghamton.edu
authors.forename: R L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Isaacson
mesh_terms: D045930:Anabolic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D001362:Avoidance Learning / Q000187:drug effects*; D004997:Ethinyl Estradiol / Q000494:pharmacology; D008568:Memory / Q000187:drug effects*; D017711:Nonlinear Dynamics; D011284:Pregnenolone / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats
chemical_list: D045930:Anabolic Agents; D004997:Ethinyl Estradiol; D011284:Pregnenolone