title: Effect of trephination on postoperative pain and swelling in symptomatic necrotic teeth.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this prospective, randomized, blinded study was to determine the effect of trephination on postoperative pain and swelling in symptomatic necrotic teeth.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty emergency patients participated, and each had a clinical diagnosis of a symptomatic necrotic tooth with associated periapical radiolucency. After endodontic treatment, patients randomly received either a trephination or mock trephination procedure. The trephination procedure used an intraosseous perforator to provide an initial opening in the cortical bone that was enlarged with files (No. 25 through No. 70) and an endodontic spoon. After surgery, each patient received ibuprofen; acetaminophen with codeine (30 mg); and a 7-day diary to record pain, percussion pain, swelling, and number and type of pain medication taken.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The majority of patients with symptomatic necrotic teeth had significant postoperative pain and required analgesics to manage this pain. The use of a trephination procedure with an intraosseous perforator, files, and a spoon excavator did not significantly reduce pain, percussion pain, swelling, or the number of analgesic medications taken in symptomatic necrotic teeth with periapical radiolucencies (P >.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We cannot recommend the routine use of a trephination procedure, as used in this study, for relief of pain in symptomatic necrotic teeth with radiolucencies.
authors.affiliation: The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Houck
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Reader
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Beck
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Nist
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Weaver
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003790:Dental Pulp Necrosis / Q000628:therapy*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004487:Edema / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery; D004638:Emergency Treatment / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010147:Pain Measurement; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery*; D011677:Punctures; D012390:Root Canal Therapy / Q000009:adverse effects*; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D014098:Toothache / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery; D017211:Treatment Failure