Chlorination of harman and norharman with sodium hypochlorite and co-mutagenicity of the chlorinated products.
Harman and norharman are widely distributed in the environment and consequently contaminate in domestic waste-water. It has been reported that they have co-mutagenic activity in the presence of non- mutagenic aromatic amines such as aniline and o-toluidine with S9 mix. When these beta-carbolines were treated with sodium hypochiorite under mild conditions, chlorinated derivatives were produced. Among them, 6-chloroharman and 6-chloronorharman showed much more potent co-mutagenic activities than harman and norharman in the presence of o-toluidine toward Salmonella typhimurium TA98 with S9 mix. These results suggest that the chlorination of harman and norharman occurs during disinfection at the sewage plant to produce potent co-mutagens that contaminate river water.
Nakano
K
K
Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, 422-8526, Shizuoka, Japan.
Suyama
K
K
Fukazawa
H
H
Uchida
M
M
Wakabayashi
K
K
Shiozawa
T
T
Terao
Y
Y
D001711:Biotransformation; D002243:Carbolines; D006247:Harmine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000633:toxicity; D009152:Mutagenicity Tests; D009153:Mutagens / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*; D012486:Salmonella typhimurium / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D012973:Sodium Hypochlorite / Q000737:chemistry*
D002243:Carbolines; D009153:Mutagens; D006247:Harmine; C005010:harman; C010262:norharman; D012973:Sodium Hypochlorite