title: The bone morphogenetic protein 2 signaling mediator Smad1 participates predominantly in osteogenic and not in chondrogenic differentiation in mesenchymal progenitors C3H10T1/2.
abstract: The role of the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-signaling mediator Smad1 in osteogenic or chondrogenic differentiation was investigated in murine parental mesenchymal progenitors C3H10T1/2 and its derivatives constitutively expressing BMP-2 (C3H10T1/2-BMP-2) and, therefore, undergo BMP-mediated osteogenic/ chondrogenic development. The functions of the three Smad1 domains, that is, the N-terminal (MH1) domain, the C-terminal (MH2) domain, and the midregional proline-rich linker domain, were documented and compared with full-length Smadl. We showed that expression of the MH2 domain in parental C3H10T1/2 cells was sufficient to initiate osteogenic differentiation. Interestingly, MH1 was sufficient to initiate transcription of osteogenic marker genes like the osteocalcin or parathyroid hormone/parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTH/PTHrP) receptor. However, MH1 interfered with the histologically distinct formation of osteoblast-like cells. A dominant-negative effect on MH2-mediated osteogenic development in C3H10T1/2 cells was observed by the dose-dependent trans-expression of the midregional linker domain. Importantly, in contrast to osteogenic differentiation, Smad1 and its domains do not mimic or interfere with BMP-2-dependent chondrogenic development as monitored by the inability of MH2 to give rise to histologically distinct chondrocytes in parental C3H10T1/2 cells and by the inefficiency of the MH1 or linker domain to interfere with BMP-2-mediated chondrogenic differentiation.
authors.affiliation: Project-Group Growth Factors and Receptors, Gesellschaft für Biotechnologische Forschung, Braunschweig, Germany.
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Ju
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hoffmann
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Verschueren
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Tylzanowski
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kaps
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gross
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Huylebroeck
mesh_terms: D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers; D055396:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2; D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects*; D002460:Cell Line; D019070:Cell Lineage / Q000187:drug effects; D019902:Chondrocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D020219:Chondrogenesis / Q000187:drug effects*; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D017930:Genes, Reporter; D008648:Mesoderm / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000187:drug effects*; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D051785:Smad Proteins; D051898:Smad1 Protein; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D015534:Trans-Activators / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D014981:Xenopus; D029867:Xenopus Proteins
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; C525719:Bmp2 protein, mouse; D055396:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2; D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; C497402:MXD1 protein, Xenopus; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D051785:Smad Proteins; D051898:Smad1 Protein; C497401:Smad1 protein, mouse; D015534:Trans-Activators; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D029867:Xenopus Proteins; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase