title: Results of primary two-patch repair of complete atrioventricular septal defect.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The policy of primary repair of complete atrioventricular septal defect (CAVSD), using a two-patch technique, was evaluated with special attention to the risk of implantation of a prosthetic atrioventricular (AV) valve.
  
  
  METHODS
  From 1986 to 1999, all 97 patients who underwent primary repair for CAVSD were included in a retrospective analysis. Seventy-five patients (75%) had Down's syndrome. Preoperative echocardiographic AV valve regurgitation was absent or limited in 85 (88%), moderate in seven (7%) and severe in five (5%). Fifty-six patients (58%) were on diuretics, six (6%) on artificial ventilation and four (4%) were on inotropic support. The mean age at operation was 10.2 months (SD, 16.4), with a mean weight of 5.9 kg (SD, 3.7).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Early mortality comprised three patients (4%), and late mortality two patients. Follow up was complete and comprised 402 patient-years (mean, 4.5 years; SD, 3.2). The cumulative survival at 10 years was 93% (95% CI, 89-97%). Multivariate analysis with regard to mortality revealed no associations with any of the analyzed factors. Eight patients were reoperated, all for regurgitant left AV valve. The reoperation-free survival at 10 years was 83% (95% CI, 75-91%). Multivariate analysis with regard to reoperation showed being on preoperative diuretics to be a decreasing risk factor (Odd's Ratio (OR), 0.13; 95% CI, 0.00-0. 99; P=0.005) and significant postoperative left AV valve regurgitation to be an increasing risk factor (OR, 9.90; 95% CI, 1. 90-53.0; P=0.001). Only one prosthetic valve was implanted (annual linearized risk of 0.002/patient-year). At the latest follow up of the surviving patients, left AV valve regurgitation was absent or limited in 83 (90%) and moderate in nine (10%). Right AV valve regurgitation was absent or limited in all 92 (100%) patients. All surviving patients are thriving well, seven (8%) of whom are on diuretics.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Primary repair of CAVSD with a two-patch technique, including cleft closure of the left AV valve, has good clinical and functional results without problems for the right-sided AV valve. The need for prosthetic valve implantation for the left AV valve is minimal.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardio-thoracic Surgery, University Hospital Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands. klomp@thch.azr.nl
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Bogers
authors.forename: G P
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Akkersdijk
authors.forename: P L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: de Jong
authors.forename: A H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Henrich
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Takkenberg
authors.forename: R T
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: van Domburg
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Witsenburg
mesh_terms: D006348:Cardiac Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006344:Heart Septal Defects, Atrial / Q000601:surgery*; D006345:Heart Septal Defects, Ventricular / Q000601:surgery*; D019918:Heart Valve Prosthesis Implantation; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome