title: A new technology to measure skin absorption of vapors.
abstract: Skin vapor absorption is one of the major exposure routes for some widely used chemicals (e.g., 2-methoxy ethanol), but a good apparatus with which exposure can be measured is currently unavailable. In this study, a polished stainless-steel chamber-combined with computer-controlled auto-feedback software and hardware, real-time gas sensors, and an auto-injection microsyringe-was proposed as new technology. In addition, the machines had activated-charcoal tubes and cold traps, both of which simulated the skin uptake and validated the reliability of the proposed system. The exposure concentrations, relative humidity, and temperature were effectively controlled at 25+/-0.5 ppm (or 300+/-10 ppm), 80+/-2%, and 27.5+/-0.5 degrees C, respectively. The relative errors between the quantity of 2-methoxy ethanol collected in either the charcoal tubes or the cold traps and the quantity of ME injected to maintain a constant exposure were less than 5%. The authors also used this new technology to successfully measure skin absorption of ME vapor in 6 volunteers. The authors concluded that this new technology is a direct, continuous, noninvasive, and simple tool with which to measure skin absorption of vapors.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, Council of Labor Affairs, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China.
authors.forename: T S
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Shih
authors.forename: P Y
authors.initials: PY
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: C Y
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: T J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Smith
mesh_terms: D000395:Air Pollutants, Occupational / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D002849:Chromatography, Gas / Q000295:instrumentation*; D004867:Equipment Design; D005026:Ethylene Glycols / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D006801:Humans; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000032:analysis*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012869:Skin Absorption; D012997:Solvents / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D013055:Spectrophotometry, Infrared / Q000295:instrumentation*; D013624:Taiwan; D014835:Volatilization
chemical_list: D000395:Air Pollutants, Occupational; D005026:Ethylene Glycols; D012997:Solvents; C005219:methyl cellosolve