title: Electrocardiographic changes during subconjunctival injections.
abstract: Electrocardiographic changes were investigated in 53 patients during subconjunctival drug injections. Decrease in heart-rate of more than 10% or arrhythmia was observed in 25 (47.2%) of the patients, who were considered to have a positive oculocardiac reflex. In the control group of 35 patients, only 3 (8.6%) were found to have a significant decrease in heart rate during blood sampling from antecubital vein (p = 0.000). Young age was a significant risk factor for oculocardiac reflex during injections (p = 0.01). Patient gender, verbal pain score, satiety, experience of periocular injections, injected drug type were not found to be risk factors. All patients with oculocardiac reflex were asymptomatic; however, it is still wise to have emergency supplies ready for any circulatory derangement during subconjunctival injections.
authors.affiliation: Celal Bayar University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology, Manisa. Omkay@superonline.com
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Kayikçioglu
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kayikçioglu
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Erakgün
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Güler
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000617:Aminoglycosides / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D001145:Arrhythmias, Cardiac / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000503:physiopathology; D003228:Conjunctiva / Q000187:drug effects*; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D004562:Electrocardiography / Q000187:drug effects; D009877:Endophthalmitis / Q000188:drug therapy; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007267:Injections; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012024:Reflex, Oculocardiac / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D000617:Aminoglycosides; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents