title: Turgor, temperature and the growth of plant cells: using Chara corallina as a model system.
abstract: Rapid changes in turgor pressure (P:) and temperature (T:) are giving new information about the mechanisms of plant growth. In the present work, single internode cells of the large-celled alga Chara corallina were used as a model for plant growth. P was changed without altering the chemical environment of the wall while observing growth without elastic changes. When P: was measured before any changes, the original growth rate bore no relationship to the original P. However, if P of growing cells was decreased, growth responded immediately without evidence for rapid changes in wall physical properties. Growth occurred only above a 0.3 MPa threshold, and increasing P caused small increases in growth that became progressively larger as P rose, resulting in a curvilinear response overall. The small changes in growth close to the threshold may explain early failures to detect these responses. When T was lowered, the elastic properties of the cell were unaffected, but growth was immediately inhibited. The lower T caused P to decrease, but returning P to its original value did not return growth to its original rate. The decreased P at low T occurred because of T effects on the osmotic potential of the cell. At above-normal P, growth partially resumed at low T Therefore, growth required a P-sensitive process that was also T-sensitive. Because elastic properties were little affected by T, but growth was markedly affected, the process is likely to involve metabolism. The rapidity of its response to P and T probably excludes the participation of changes in gene expression.
authors.affiliation: College of Marine Studies,University of Delaware, 700 Pilottown Road, Lewes, DE 19958, USA.
authors.forename: T E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Proseus
authors.forename: G L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Boyer
mesh_terms: D002455:Cell Division; D008954:Models, Biological; D059828:Plant Cells; D011312:Pressure; D013696:Temperature