title: Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy.
abstract: Cerebral hypoxia-ischemia (asphyxia) occurring in the fetus and newborn infant is a major cause of acute mortality and chronic neurological disability in survivors. This review highlights many practical aspects of perinatal hypoxic-ischemic brain damage, including neuropathological features, obstetrical antecedents, and clinically important aspects of identification, management, and prognosis. Diagnostic techniques, including neuro-imaging, to diagnose hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy also are discussed. A thorough knowledge of the clinical spectrum of perinatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy should enable neonatologists to undertake appropriate management strategies and prognostic indicators.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Neurology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, The Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey 17033-0850, USA.
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Vannucci
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D005311:Fetal Hypoxia / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006801:Humans; D020925:Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007232:Infant, Newborn, Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000517:prevention & control; D009460:Neurologic Examination; D011247:Pregnancy; D011296:Prenatal Diagnosis; D011379:Prognosis; D012720:Severity of Illness Index