title: Mediastinal lymphadenopathy in patients with or without previous malignancy: EUS-FNA-based differential cytodiagnosis in 153 patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Mediastinal lymphadenopathy (ML) is a cause for concern, especially in patients with previous malignancy. The investigation of choice is thoracic CT with a variable sensitivity and specificity requiring tissue diagnosis. We used endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) for cytodiagnosis of ML in patients with and without previous malignancy. The cause, distribution of lesions, and incidence of second cancers were investigated.
  
  
  METHODS
  Linear echoendoscopes and 22-gauge needles for cytology were used for EUS-FNA. A cytological diagnosis of malignancy was accepted, and histology or consistent follow-up of at least 9 months confirmed benign results.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One hundred fifty-three patients underwent EUS-FNA between November 1997 and November 1999 (mean age, 60 yr; range, 13-82 yr; 105 men). Cytology was adequate in 150 patients. Final diagnosis was malignancy in 84 and benign in 66 patients (sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic accuracy: 92%, 100%, 95%, respectively). In 101 patients without previous cancer cytology identified 48 malignant (lung, 41; extrathoracic, 7) and 51 benign lesions (inflammation, 35; various, 9; sarcoidosis, 7) (sensitivity, specificity, accuracy: 88%, 100%, 94%). Fifty-two patients had prior malignancy, mostly in extrathoracic sites. Cytology revealed recurrences in 21 patients, second cancer in 9 and benign lesions in 21 patients (inflammatory, 11; sarcoidosis, 8; tuberculosis, 1; abscess, 1) (sensitivity, specificity, accuracy: 97%, 100%, 98%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In patients without previous cancer malignant ML originates from the lung >80%. In those with previous malignancy recurrence of extrathoracic sites is the major cause. Benign lesions and treatable second cancers occur in a significant frequency, emphasizing the need for tissue diagnosis. EUS-FNA is a safe and minimally invasive alternative for cytodiagnosis in the mediastinum.
authors.affiliation: Department of Interdisciplinary Endoscopy, University Hospital Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fritscher-Ravens
authors.forename: P V
authors.initials: PV
authors.lastname: Sriram
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bobrowski
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pforte
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Topalidis
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Krause
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jaeckle
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Thonke
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Soehendra
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001707:Biopsy, Needle / Q000379:methods*; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D019160:Endosonography; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D008206:Lymphatic Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D008477:Mediastinal Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D008479:Mediastinal Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D008482:Mediastinum / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity