title: Significance of the parathyroid hormone-related protein expression in breast carcinoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) is produced by various neoplasms and is known to be a causative factor of hypercalcemia of malignancy. It has also been suggested to act as a cytokine for tumor progression. The purpose of this study was to clarify the significance of PTHrP expression in breast carcinoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  PTHrP expression was examined in 177 surgically resected breast carcinoma specimens by immunohistochemistry using a monoclonal antibody against the for PTHrP, The relationship of PTHrP expression with clinicopathological factors was analyzed and the clinical courses of the patients are reported.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Positive PTHrP staining was detected in 113 ( 64%) of the breast tumors. Among the positive cases, 36 (32%) of the tumors clearly showed strong expression. When the PTHrP expression was divided into three categories, a significant positive relationship was found between PTHrP expression and histological grade of tumor. PTHrP expression was also significantly related to bone metastasis but the staining degree of PTHrP was not. The patients with positive PTHrP tended to have poor outcome in proportion to the staining degree. Univariate analysis demonstrated a significantly shorter overall survival for patients expressing PTHrP, and in multivariate analysis showed that PTHrP status and nodal status were associated with a significantly shorter overall survival.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results suggest that PTHrP expression is not only correlated with bone metastasis but is also related to the progression of breast carcinoma, and that overexpression of PTHrP may be a potential prognostic factor for human breast carcinoma.
authors.affiliation: Second Division of Surgery, Kanagawa Cancer Center, 1-1-2 Nakao, Asahi-ku, Yokohama 241-0815, Japan.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yoshida
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shimizu
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Harada
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kameda
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nagano
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Inaba
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Asaga
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001859:Bone Neoplasms / Q000556:secondary; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D016015:Logistic Models; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D044162:Parathyroid Hormone-Related Protein; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011379:Prognosis; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D011506:Proteins / Q000032:analysis* / Q000235:genetics; D016019:Survival Analysis
chemical_list: C470121:PTHLH protein, human; D044162:Parathyroid Hormone-Related Protein; D011506:Proteins