title: Evidence that pioglitazone, metformin and pentoxifylline are inhibitors of glycation.
abstract: Enhanced formation and accumulation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) have been proposed to play a major role in the pathogenesis of diabetic complications, and atherosclerosis, leading to the development of a range of diabetic complications including nephropathy, retinopathy and neuropathy. Several potential drug candidates as AGE inhibitors have been reported recently. Aminoguanidine is the first drug extensively studied. However, there are no currently available medications known to block AGE formation. We have previously reported a number of novel and structurally diverse compounds as potent inhibitors of glycation and AGE formation. We have now studied several of the existing drugs, which are in therapeutic practice for lowering blood sugar or the treatment of peripheral vascular disease in diabetic patients, for possible inhibitory effects on glycation. We show that that three compounds; pioglitazone, metformin and pentoxifylline are also inhibitors of glycation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Leslie and Susan Gonda (Goldschmied) Diabetes and Genetic Research Building, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA. srahbar@coh.org
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rahbar
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Natarajan
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yerneni
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Scott
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Gonzales
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Nadler
mesh_terms: D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis; D017127:Glycation End Products, Advanced / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008687:Metformin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010431:Pentoxifylline / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000077205:Pioglitazone; D013844:Thiazoles / Q000494:pharmacology*; D045162:Thiazolidinediones
chemical_list: D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D017127:Glycation End Products, Advanced; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D008687:Metformin; D010431:Pentoxifylline; D000077205:Pioglitazone; D013844:Thiazoles; D045162:Thiazolidinediones