title: Perception of complex sounds: N1 latency codes pitch and topography codes spectra.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This work aimed to find out whether the human cortical 'tonotopy' represents the true fundamental frequency (Fo) of complex sounds, or the center frequency CF at which harmonics peak in the audio spectrum. Indeed, complex periodic sounds (such as those of the human voice, musical instruments, etc.) comprise a 'fundamental component' (Fo) and its 'harmonics' (2Fo, 3Fo, ...nFo). These often peak around a certain frequency CF. As Fo and CF are confounded in pure (sinusoidal) tones, the question of whether Fo or CF is represented through tonotopy had been hitherto unresolved.
  
  
  METHODS
  Whole-head recordings of brain electrical activity were obtained for 16 subjects submitted to an array of 9 different series of sounds (3 Fox3 CF). Electrophysiological data were analyzed separately for each sound and each subject with brain functional imaging and dipole reconstruction.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Equivalent dipole sources of N1 components were, significantly for all subjects, more and more frontally oriented as CF increased, independently of Fo.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Sounds are mapped in both the right and the left primary auditory cortices according to the spectral profiles of their harmonics (CF), rather than their fundamental frequencies (Fo).
authors.affiliation: Neurosciences Cognitives et Imagerie Cérébrale, CNRS-UPR 640-LENA, Hôpital de la Salpêtrière, 47 Boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75651 Cedex 13, Paris, France.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Crottaz-Herbette
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ragot
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001307:Auditory Perception / Q000502:physiology*; D001921:Brain / Q000502:physiology*; D001931:Brain Mapping; D004569:Electroencephalography; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008959:Models, Neurological; D010898:Pitch Perception / Q000502:physiology; D011930:Reaction Time / Q000502:physiology*