title: Health outcomes after prostatectomy or radiotherapy for prostate cancer: results from the Prostate Cancer Outcomes Study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Radical prostatectomy and external beam radiotherapy are the two major therapeutic options for treating clinically localized prostate cancer. Because survival is often favorable regardless of therapy, treatment decisions may depend on other therapy-specific health outcomes. In this study, we compared the effects of two treatments on urinary, bowel, and sexual functions and on general health-related quality-of-life outcomes over a 2-year period following initial treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  A diverse cohort of patients aged 55-74 years who were newly diagnosed with clinically localized prostate cancer and received either radical prostatectomy (n = 1156) or external beam radiotherapy (n = 435) were included in this study. A propensity score was used to balance the two treatment groups because they differed in some baseline characteristics. This score was used in multivariable cross-sectional and longitudinal regression analyses comparing the treatment groups. All statistical tests were two-sided.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Almost 2 years after treatment, men receiving radical prostatectomy were more likely than men receiving radiotherapy to be incontinent (9.6% versus 3.5%; P:<.001) and to have higher rates of impotence (79.6% versus 61.5%; P:<.001), although large, statistically significant declines in sexual function were observed in both treatment groups. In contrast, men receiving radiotherapy reported greater declines in bowel function than did men receiving radical prostatectomy. All of these differences remained after adjustments for propensity score. The treatment groups were similar in terms of general health-related quality of life.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There are important differences in urinary, bowel, and sexual functions over 2 years after different treatments for clinically localized prostate cancer. In contrast to previous reports, these outcome differences reflect treatment delivered to a heterogeneous group of patients in diverse health care settings. These results provide comprehensive and representative information about long-term treatment complications to help guide and inform patients and clinicians about prostate cancer treatment decisions.
authors.affiliation: Applied Research Program, Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892-7344, USA. potosky@nih.gov
authors.forename: A L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Potosky
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Legler
authors.forename: P C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Albertsen
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Stanford
authors.forename: F D
authors.initials: FD
authors.lastname: Gilliland
authors.forename: A S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Hamilton
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Eley
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Stephenson
authors.forename: L C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Harlan
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015982:Bias; D007172:Erectile Dysfunction / Q000209:etiology*; D005242:Fecal Incontinence / Q000209:etiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008603:Mental Health; D008875:Middle Aged; D010146:Pain / Q000209:etiology; D011468:Prostatectomy / Q000009:adverse effects*; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000523:psychology / Q000532:radiotherapy* / Q000601:surgery*; D011788:Quality of Life; D011878:Radiotherapy / Q000009:adverse effects; D012042:Registries; D012307:Risk Factors; D012380:Role; D018426:SEER Program; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014481:United States; D014549:Urinary Incontinence / Q000209:etiology*