Influence of smoking and Helicobacter pylori on gastric phospholipids.
Smokers show higher rates of peptic ulcer disease (PUD) than nonsmokers, probably due to detrimental effects on the gastric mucosa. Surface-active phospholipids (SPL) are believed to play a key part in gastric cytoprotection. The aim of this study was to determine the chronic effects of smoking on the gastric SPL and to relate them to H. pylori (Hp) -induced effects. Gastric juice was aspirated in 52 patients, with normal findings at planned upper gastrointestinal endoscopy, and concentrations of seven phospholipid subclasses were analyzed. Concentrations of lysophosphatidylethanolamine (1-PE) were increased (P = 0.006) in smokers compared to nonsmokers in non-Hp-infected samples. Nonsmokers infected with Hp showed increased levels of 1-PE (P = 0.01) and phosphatidylinositol (PI) (P = 0.02) compared to subjects not infected. In human gastric juice PI seems to be the dominating PL subclass, in contrast to the composition in biopsy specimens. We also found both Hp-infected and smoking subjects to have higher concentrations of more polar phospholipid subclasses, ie, 1-PE, making the mucosa more vulnerable to acid attack as the gastric surfactant becomes less hydrophobic.
Wenner
J
J
Department of Surgery, Lund University, Sweden.
Gunnarsson
T
T
Graffner
H
H
Lindell
G
G
D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D005750:Gastric Juice / Q000737:chemistry*; D016481:Helicobacter Infections / Q000378:metabolism*; D016480:Helicobacter pylori; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010713:Phosphatidylcholines / Q000032:analysis; D010714:Phosphatidylethanolamines / Q000032:analysis; D010715:Phosphatidylglycerols / Q000032:analysis; D010716:Phosphatidylinositols / Q000032:analysis; D010743:Phospholipids / Q000032:analysis*; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects*; D013109:Sphingomyelins / Q000032:analysis
D010713:Phosphatidylcholines; D010714:Phosphatidylethanolamines; D010715:Phosphatidylglycerols; D010716:Phosphatidylinositols; D010743:Phospholipids; D013109:Sphingomyelins