title: Pancreatic cancer and diabetes: is there a relationship? A case-controlled study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There is controversy about whether diabetes mellitus is a risk factor for pancreatic cancer or an epiphenomenon of the cancer. The present study aims to determine if long-term diabetes is a risk factor for pancreatic cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study undertook to determine the prevalence of diabetes among three matched (age/gender) patient groups (pancreatic cancer (PaC), colorectal cancer (CRC), and fracture neck of femur (NOF)) at the date of diagnosis of cancer or fracture as well as 1 and 5 years prior to this. A retrospective review of the medical records of the three groups of patients was undertaken. Patients identified with PaC in the period July 1994 to February 1998 were age (+/- 5 years)- and gender-matched to patients identified in the same time period with NOF and with CRC. The data were then analysed using McNemar's test for discordant pairs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Over a 44-month period 116 patients with PaC were identified of which 24% had diabetes at the time of diagnosis of their malignancy (NOF, 8%; CRC, 9.5%). There was a statistically significant difference (PaC and NOF, P < 0.01; PaC and CRC, P < 0.01). For a duration of diabetes of > 5 years the prevalence of diabetes fell to 7.8% in the PaC group, to 6% in the NOF group and to 6.9% in the CRC group, with no significant difference between the groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is no increase in the prevalence of long-standing diabetes mellitus in patients with PaC compared to age- and gender-matched controls with NOF and CRC. The relationship of PaC and diabetes may be an epiphenomenon, rather than diabetes being a risk factor for pancreatic malignancy.
authors.affiliation: University Department of Surgery, Christchurch Hospital, New Zealand.
authors.forename: J N
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Frye
authors.forename: W J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Inder
authors.forename: B R
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Dobbs
authors.forename: F A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Frizelle
mesh_terms: D016022:Case-Control Studies; D048909:Diabetes Complications; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D016555:Matched-Pair Analysis; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000150:complications*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors