Loss of p27Kip1 from cyclin E/cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) 2 but not from cyclin D1/CDK4 complexes in cells transformed by polyamine biosynthetic enzymes.
Cancer cells are known to display up-regulation of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) and S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase (AdoMetDC), the key enzymes in the biosynthesis of polyamines that are essential for cellular proliferation. We have shown previously that overexpression of ODC or AdoMetDC alone can induce tumorigenic transformation of rodent fibroblasts. Because the subversion of normal cell cycle control is thought to be a crucial event in cancer development, we examined ODC- and AdoMetDC-transformed fibroblasts for alterations in the cell cycle components. The level of cyclin D1 and cyclin D1-dependent kinase and total cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) 4 activities were elevated in the ODC transformants and particularly in the AdoMetDC transformants. Cyclin E content was not elevated, but a moderate increase in cyclin E-dependent kinase activity was seen in both cells. Total CDK2 activity was increased only in the ODC-transformed cells. The amount of the p27Kip1 CDK inhibitor was greatly decreased in both transformants. Nevertheless, p27Kip1 was present in the active cyclin D1/CDK4 complexes in the cells but absent from the cyclin E/CDK2 complexes. Restoration of p27Kip1 expression in the ODC- and AdoMetDC-transformed cells by transfection resulted in growth inhibition, but not in morphological reversion. An elevation in the level of hyperphosphorylated retinoblastoma protein was observed mainly in the ODC-transformed cells. These results suggest that the expression of ODC or AdoMetDC may affect cell cycle regulation in many ways. However, the largest common effect, which is therefore potentially relevant to some aspects of transformation, appears to be the constitutive down-regulation of p27Kip1 and its loss from the cyclin/CDK2 complexes.
Ravanko
K
K
Department of Pathology, Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki, Finland.
Järvinen
K
K
Paasinen-Sohns
A
A
Hölttä
E
E
D016475:3T3 Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism; D012437:Adenosylmethionine Decarboxylase / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D015152:Blotting, Northern; D042846:CDC2-CDC28 Kinases; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000502:physiology; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D002455:Cell Division / Q000502:physiology; D002471:Cell Transformation, Neoplastic / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D019938:Cyclin D1 / Q000378:metabolism*; D019927:Cyclin E / Q000378:metabolism*; D051357:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 2; D051358:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 4; D050760:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p27; D018844:Cyclin-Dependent Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D018076:DNA, Complementary / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D008869:Microtubule-Associated Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D009955:Ornithine Decarboxylase / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D010766:Phosphorylation; D010957:Plasmids / Q000235:genetics; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D051381:Rats; D016160:Retinoblastoma Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D014162:Transfection; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins
C493961:Cdkn1b protein, mouse; C493962:Cdkn1b protein, rat; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D019927:Cyclin E; D018076:DNA, Complementary; D008869:Microtubule-Associated Proteins; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D016160:Retinoblastoma Protein; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins; D019938:Cyclin D1; D050760:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p27; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D042846:CDC2-CDC28 Kinases; C495894:CDK2 protein, human; C495900:CDK4 protein, human; C495893:Cdk2 protein, mouse; C495892:Cdk2 protein, rat; C495902:Cdk4 protein, mouse; C495903:Cdk4 protein, rat; D051357:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 2; D051358:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 4; D018844:Cyclin-Dependent Kinases; D009955:Ornithine Decarboxylase; D012437:Adenosylmethionine Decarboxylase