title: Does the endovascular repair of aortoiliac aneurysms pose a radiation safety hazard to vascular surgeons?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Endovascular aortoiliac aneurysm (EAIA) repair uses substantial fluoroscopic guidance that requires considerable radiation exposure. Doses were determined for a team of three vascular surgeons performing 47 consecutive EAIA repairs over a 1-year period to determine whether this exposure constitutes a radiation hazard.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-nine surgeon-made aortounifemoral devices and 18 bifurcated devices were used. Three surgeons wore dosimeters (1) on the waist, under a lead apron; (2) on the waist, outside a lead apron; (3) on the collar; and (4) on the left ring finger. Dosimeters were also placed around the operating table and room to evaluate the patient, other personnel, and ambient doses. Exposures were compared with standards of the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Total fluoroscopy time was 30.9 hours (1852 minutes; mean, 39.4 minutes per case). Yearly total effective body doses for all surgeons (under lead) were below the 20 mSv/y occupational exposure limit of the ICRP. Outside lead doses for two surgeons approximated recommended limits. Lead aprons attenuated 85% to 91% of the dose. Ring doses and calculated eye doses were within the ICRP exposure limits. Patient skin doses averaged 360 mSv per case (range, 120-860 mSv). The ambient (> 3 m from the source) operating room dose was 1.06 mSv/y.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although the total effective body doses under lead fell within established ICRP occupational exposure limits, they are not negligible. Because radiation exposure is cumulative and endovascular procedures are becoming more common, individuals performing these procedures must carefully monitor their exposure. Our results indicate that a team of surgeons can perform 386 hours of fluoroscopy per year or 587 EAIA repairs per year and remain within occupational exposure limits. Individuals who perform these procedures should actively monitor their effective doses and educate personnel in methods for reducing exposure.
authors.affiliation: Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Montefiore Medical Center and the Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10467, USA. Elipshitz@aol.com
authors.forename: E C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Lipsitz
authors.forename: F J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Veith
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ohki
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Heller
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Wain
authors.forename: W D
authors.initials: WD
authors.lastname: Suggs
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kwei
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Goldstein
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rabin
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mehta
mesh_terms: D001014:Aortic Aneurysm / Q000601:surgery*; D019917:Blood Vessel Prosthesis Implantation; D005471:Fluoroscopy; D013502:General Surgery; D006801:Humans; D017543:Iliac Aneurysm / Q000601:surgery*; D016273:Occupational Exposure; D011834:Radiation Monitoring; D015641:Radiography, Interventional