title: Cardiorespiratory and metabolic responses during straight and bent knee cycling.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study examined the influence of knee angle on the cardiorespiratory system loading during submaximal and maximal stationary cycle ergometry.
  
  
  METHODS
  Experimental design and participants: eighteen untrained women (age: 21+/-1.88 years, weight: 57+/-5.75 kg, height: 165+/-5.03 cm, values are mean+/-SD) volunteered as subjects and underwent two-cycle ergometer incremental (Jaeger ER900) tests: 1) straight knee (180 degrees), 2) bent knee (140 degrees).
  
  
  METHODS
  oxygen uptake (VO2), ventilation (VE) and respiratory exchange ratio (RER) were measured continuously during each test using an open circuit spirometry and blood lactate concentration was determined by means of an enzymatic method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Comparing cycling with "straight knee" to cycling with "bent knee" at 50 W, heart rate (HR), V(E) and VO2 were significantly higher (10.6%, 12.5%, 17.8%). At 100 W, blood lactate was significantly lower (10.8%) while VO2 and RER was higher (5.5%, 7.1%). During maximal exercise, the total exercise time was significantly longer (11.2%) and VE, VO2 and HR were significantly higher during cycling with "straight knee" compared to cycling with "bent knee". No significant difference in peak lactate was evident between the two sitting positions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of this study indicate that cycling with bent knee requires lower oxygen uptake while pedaling with straight knee is the only way to reach VO2max during cycle testing, since the cardiorespiratory system is fully taxed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Aristotelian University of Thessaloniki, Greece. kmandrou@phed.auth.gr
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mandroukas
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Angelopoulou
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Christoulas
authors.forename: I S
authors.initials: IS
authors.lastname: Vrabas
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001642:Bicycling / Q000502:physiology*; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D005080:Exercise Test; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate; D006801:Humans; D007719:Knee Joint; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000097:blood; D010101:Oxygen Consumption; D013147:Spirometry
chemical_list: D019344:Lactic Acid