title: Renal function and blood pressure five years after puumala virus-induced nephropathy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Nephropathia epidemica (NE) is a mild form of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome caused by Puumala hantavirus. Its long-term prognosis is considered favorable. Some reports suggest, however, that a previous hantavirus infection increases the risk of hypertension.
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied 46 previously healthy subjects (26 males and 20 females, mean age of 44 years) who had serologically confirmed NE three to seven years previously, and 38 healthy, seronegative controls (22 males and 16 females, mean age of 44 years). Ambulatory blood pressure (ABP) was monitored. Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and effective renal plasma flow (ERPF) were determined by 51CrEDTA and 131I-hippurate clearances, respectively. The filtration fraction (FF) was calculated. Quantitative 24-hour urinary protein excretion (UprotE) and timed overnight urinary excretion of alpha1-microglobulin were measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The NE patients had a higher mean ambulatory systolic BP than the controls (123 +/- 13 vs. 117 +/- 9 mm Hg, P = 0. 008). GFR and FF were increased in patients compared with controls (GFR, 120 +/- 20 vs. 109 +/- 14 mL/min/1.73 m2, P = 0.006; FF, 19 +/- 3 vs. 18 +/- 3%, P = 0.030), but ERPF did not differ between the groups. The patients also had higher UPE than the controls (median 0. 18 g/day, range 0.12 to 0.38 vs. median 0.14 g/day, range 0.09 to 0. 24, P < 0.001, respectively). The overnight urinary excretion rate of alpha1-microglobulin exceeded 7 microg/min in nine patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Three to seven years after NE, the patients had higher GFR and FF, more proteinuria, and higher ambulatory systolic BP compared with the healthy controls. NE may thus cause mild renal lesions and alterations in BP in some patients.
authors.affiliation: Medical School, University of Tampere, Tampere University Hospital, and Tampere School of Public Health, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland. satu.marjo.makela@uta.fi
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mäkelä
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Ala-Houhala
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mustonen
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Koivisto
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kouri
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Turjanmaa
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Vapalahti
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vaheri
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pasternack
mesh_terms: D058186:Acute Kidney Injury / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000821:virology*; D000328:Adult; D001794:Blood Pressure; D004562:Electrocardiography; D005260:Female; D005387:Finland; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate; D006476:Orthohantavirus; D018778:Hantavirus Infections / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000652:urine; D008875:Middle Aged; D009393:Nephritis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000821:virology; D011379:Prognosis; D011507:Proteinuria / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000821:virology; D020127:Recovery of Function / Q000502:physiology; D012079:Renal Circulation; D014360:Trypsin Inhibitor, Kunitz Soybean; D016482:Urinalysis
chemical_list: D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; C109148:SPINT2 protein, human; D014360:Trypsin Inhibitor, Kunitz Soybean