title: Selection and management of ventricular assist device patients: the Muenster experience.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Because of the growing discrepancy between the availability of donor organs and the number of patients with end-stage heart disease who need heart transplantation, a larger proportion of patients waiting for a suitable donor heart require pre-operative mechanical circulatory assistance. The criteria for the selection and management of these patients as applied at Muenster University Hospital are reviewed.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study population consists of 631 patients referred to our center for transplantation between January 1, 1990, and December 31, 1996. Two hundred ninety-seven patients were listed for transplantation and 157 were transplanted. Of 41 patients who underwent implantation of a ventricular assist device (n = 34, Novacor; n = 6, TCI HeartMate; n = 1, Medos), 39 received the device as a bridge to transplantation and 2 as permanent support. For the purpose of the analysis, the study population was divided into 3 groups (elective bridging, urgent bridging, emergency bridging) and compared with heart transplant candidates who did not require mechanical circulatory assistance.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients who underwent elective or urgent assist-device implantation were younger and had greater hemodynamic compromise than the remainder of patients waiting for heart transplantation, as suggested by a higher functional class and lower mean arterial pressure, cardiac index, serum sodium, and pulmonary artery wedge pressure. Survival of patients who electively underwent implantation of an assist device was better than that of patients who were stable on the waiting list and did not undergo heart transplantation during follow-up.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This finding suggests that earlier implantation of assist devices may facilitate resolution of organ dysfunction before heart transplantation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Muenster University Hospital, Germany.
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Deng
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Weyand
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hammel
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Schmid
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kerber
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Schmidt
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Breithardt
authors.forename: H H
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Scheld
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005858:Germany; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery*; D016027:Heart Transplantation; D006353:Heart-Assist Devices / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018579:Patient Selection; D011300:Preoperative Care; D011336:Probability; D011446:Prospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D016019:Survival Analysis; D013997:Time Factors