title: Origins of spiral wave meander and breakup in a two-dimensional cardiac tissue model.
abstract: We studied the stability of spiral waves in homogeneous two-dimensional cardiac tissue using phase I of the Luo-Rudy ventricular action potential model. By changing the conductance and the relaxation time constants of the ion channels, various spiral wave phenotypes, including stable, quasiperiodically meandering, chaotically meandering, and breakup were observed. Stable and quasiperiodically meandering spiral waves occurred when the slope of action potential duration (APD) restitution was < 1 over all diastolic intervals visited during reentry; chaotic meander and spiral wave breakup occurred when the slope of APD restitution exceeded 1. Curvature of the wave changes both conduction velocity and APD, and their restitution properties, thereby modulating local stability in a spiral wave, resulting in distinct spiral wave phenotypes. In the LRI model, quasiperiodic meander is most sensitive to the Na+ current, whereas chaotic meander and breakup are more dependent on the Ca2+ and K+ currents.
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Department of Medicine (Cardiology), University of California, Los Angeles, USA. zqu@ucla.edu
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Qu
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Garfinkel
authors.forename: J N
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Weiss
mesh_terms: D000200:Action Potentials / Q000502:physiology*; D015220:Calcium Channels / Q000502:physiology; D003971:Diastole / Q000502:physiology; D017097:Electric Impedance; D017629:Gap Junctions / Q000502:physiology; D006329:Heart Conduction System / Q000502:physiology* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008955:Models, Cardiovascular; D017711:Nonlinear Dynamics; D009716:Numerical Analysis, Computer-Assisted; D010507:Periodicity; D015221:Potassium Channels / Q000502:physiology; D015222:Sodium Channels / Q000502:physiology; D017180:Tachycardia, Ventricular / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology; D013997:Time Factors; D014693:Ventricular Fibrillation / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology; D016276:Ventricular Function
chemical_list: D015220:Calcium Channels; D015221:Potassium Channels; D015222:Sodium Channels