title: Perifollicular Doppler flow and follicular fluid vascular endothelial growth factor concentrations in poor responders.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To prospectively evaluate follicular fluid levels of vascular endothelial growth factor in women undergoing IVF cycles and to investigate the correlation of these levels with ovarian response to gonadotropins and with uterine or ovarian Doppler findings.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective study.
  
  
  METHODS
  University hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  41 patients undergoing ART were divided into two groups according to response to ovarian stimulation protocols: poor responders (n = 18) and normoresponders (n = 23).
  
  
  METHODS
  Doppler analysis of perifollicular arteries and assay of follicular fluid vascular endothelial growth factor.
  
  
  METHODS
  During ovarian stimulation, patients underwent hormonal (E2), ultrasonographic (follicular number and diameter, endometrial thickness) and Doppler (uterine and perifollicular arteries) evaluation. Serum and follicular fluid concentrations of vascular endothelial growth factor were assayed in each female patient.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with poor responders, more oocytes were collected and more embryos were transferred but follicular fluid levels of vascular endothelial growth factor levels were lower in normoresponders. Follicular fluid levels of vascular endothelial growth factor were inversely correlated with number of oocytes retrieved. Poor responders had significantly higher uterine and perifollicular Doppler flow resistances. The pregnancy rate per cycle was significantly higher in normoresponders (26%) than poor responders (6%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Elevated follicular fluid levels of vascular endothelial growth factor concentrations are associated with poor ovarian response and a very low pregnancy rate.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Modena, Modena, Italy. battagli@mail.unimo.it
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Battaglia
authors.forename: A D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Genazzani
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Regnani
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Primavera
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Petraglia
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Volpe
mesh_terms: D004624:Embryo Transfer; D016228:Endothelial Growth Factors / Q000032:analysis* / Q000097:blood; D004958:Estradiol / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D005307:Fertilization in Vitro; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D007986:Luteinizing Hormone / Q000097:blood; D008222:Lymphokines / Q000032:analysis* / Q000097:blood; D006080:Ovarian Follicle / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000378:metabolism; D010053:Ovary / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D011247:Pregnancy; D018873:Pregnancy Rate; D011446:Prospective Studies; D018608:Ultrasonography, Doppler; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D042442:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors
chemical_list: D016228:Endothelial Growth Factors; D008222:Lymphokines; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D042442:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors; D004958:Estradiol; D007986:Luteinizing Hormone; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone