title: The relationship between visceral ischemia, proinflammatory cytokines, and organ injury in patients undergoing thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm repair.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Plasma proinflammatory, anti-inflammatory cytokine, and soluble tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor concentrations were examined in hospitalized patients after abdominal and thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm (TAAA) repair, with and without left atrial femoral bypass. Changes in plasma cytokine concentrations were related to the duration of visceral ischemia and the frequency rate of postoperative, single, or multiple system organ dysfunction (MSOD).
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective, observational study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two academic referral centers in the United States and The Netherlands.
  
  
  METHODS
  We included 16 patients undergoing TAAA repair without left atrial femoral bypass, 12 patients undergoing TAAA repair with left atrial femoral bypass, and nine patients undergoing infrarenal aortic aneurysm repair.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Timed, arterial blood sampling for proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokine and soluble TNF receptor concentrations (p55 and p75), and prospective assessment of postoperative single and MSOD. Plasma appearance of TNF-alpha, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, and IL-10 peaked 1 to 4 hrs after TAAA repair, and concentrations were significantly elevated compared with infrarenal abdominal aortic aneurysm repair (p < .05). Left atrial femoral bypass significantly reduced the duration of visceral ischemia (p < .05) and the systemic TNF-alpha, p75, and IL-10 responses (p < .05). Plasma TNF-alpha concentrations >150 pg/mL were more common in patients with extended visceral ischemia times (>40 mins). Additionally, patients with early peak TNF-alpha concentrations >150 pg/mL and IL-6 levels >1,000 pg/mL developed MSOD more frequently than patients without these elevated plasma cytokine levels (both p < .05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm repair results in the increased plasma appearance of TNF-alpha, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and shed TNF receptors. The frequency and magnitude of postoperative organ dysfunction after TAAA repair is associated with an increased concentration of the cytokines, TNF-alpha, and IL-6 and the increased plasma levels of these cytokines appear to require extended visceral ischemia times.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, USA.
authors.forename: M B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Welborn
authors.forename: H S
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Oldenburg
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Hess
authors.forename: T S
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Huber
authors.forename: T D
authors.initials: TD
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Rauwerda
authors.forename: R I
authors.initials: RI
authors.lastname: Wesdorp
authors.forename: N J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Espat
authors.forename: E M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Copeland
authors.forename: L L
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Moldawer
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Seeger
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D017544:Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal / Q000601:surgery*; D017545:Aortic Aneurysm, Thoracic / Q000601:surgery*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007511:Ischemia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000276:immunology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009102:Multiple Organ Failure / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000276:immunology; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000276:immunology*; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor / Q000097:blood; D018746:Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000276:immunology*; D014781:Viscera / Q000098:blood supply*
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor