title: Hemodynamic effects of carbon dioxide insufflation during endoscopic vein harvesting.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A prospective study was performed assessing the hemodynamic effects of carbon dioxide (CO2) insufflation during endoscopic vein harvesting (EVH) using the Guidant Vasoview Uniport system.
  
  
  METHODS
  Five hemodynamic and respiratory parameters (end-tidal carbon dioxide, arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide, mean arterial pressure, mean pulmonary arterial pressure, and cardiac output), were measured in 100 consecutive patients undergoing EVH with CO2 insufflation. Data were obtained prior to commencement of EVH, 15 minutes after commencement, and 5 minutes after completion of the vein harvesting.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No adverse hemodynamic effects were observed during CO2 insufflation. Specifically, average mean arterial pressure went from 88.77+/-9.64 to 89.13+/-8.60 to 88.24+/-8.71 mm Hg before, during, and after endoscopic vein harvesting (p = 0.291). Likewise, average mean pulmonary artery pressures were 19.76+/-4.75, 20.05+/-4.48, and 20.05+/-4.62 mm Hg (p = 0.547); and average cardiac output was 4.25+/-0.74, 4.22+/-0.73, and 4.23+/-0.69 L/min (p = 0.109) at those three intervals. Additionally, there was no evidence of significant systemic absorption of CO2 as reflected in average arterial PCO2, which remained steady at 37.42+/-5.19, 37.51+/-4.59, and 38.10+/-4.80 mm Hg (p = 0.217); and average end-tidal CO2, which was 32.10+/-3.66, 32.50+/-3.47, and 32.38+/-3.33 mm Hg (p = 0.335). In a subset of 20 patients with elevated pulmonary arterial pressure (more than 32 mm Hg), there was also no significant change in any of the parameters.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Carbon dioxide insufflation during EVH leads to no adverse hemodynamic consequences or systemic CO2 absorption. The technique appears to be safe and well tolerated.
authors.affiliation: Maimonides Medical Center and State University of New York, Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn 11203-2098, USA.
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Vitali
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Reddy
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Molinaro
authors.forename: M F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Sabado
authors.forename: I J
authors.initials: IJ
authors.lastname: Jacobowitz
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D002302:Cardiac Output / Q000502:physiology; D001026:Coronary Artery Bypass; D004724:Endoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007327:Insufflation; D008297:Male; D019060:Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods; D011446:Prospective Studies; D014680:Veins / Q000601:surgery*
chemical_list: D002245:Carbon Dioxide