title: Clinical outcomes of orbital irradiation combined with or without systemic high-dose or pulsed corticosteroids for Graves' ophthalmopathy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the outcomes of orbital irradiation with or without high-dose or pulsed corticosteroids in patients with Graves' ophthalmopathy (GO).
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred and twenty-one patients with moderate to severe GO who received orbital irradiation from 1987 to 1997 were retrospectively analyzed. A total dose of 20 Gy in 10 fractions was delivered to the bilateral retrobulbar volume. Eighty-six patients were treated in combination with high-dose or pulsed corticosteroids and irradiation. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to assess the prognostic variables.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The median follow-up period was 26 months. The overall clinical response was evaluated as excellent in 17 patients (14%), good in 65 (54%), fair in 31 (25%), no response in 7 (6%), and worse in 1 (1%). The best responses were noted for soft-tissue signs, extraocular muscle involvement, and sight loss, while a limited response was noted for proptosis. Multivariate analysis revealed that the use of high-dose corticosteroid or pulsed corticosteroids, female gender, and a shorter duration of ophthalmopathy before radiotherapy were significantly correlated with favorable outcomes. No long-term complications related to radiotherapy were observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Orbital irradiation combined with high-dose or pulsed corticosteroids is an effective treatment for moderate to severe GO, especially in cases with major manifestations of soft-tissue signs, extraocular muscle impairment, or sight loss.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Hyogo Medical Center for Adults, Akashi, Japan. tsuk@mub.biglobe.ne.jp
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tsujino
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hirota
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hagiwara
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fukada
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Takada
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hishikawa
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kono
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Abe
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D005260:Female; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006111:Graves Disease / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008775:Methylprednisolone / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008875:Middle Aged; D011239:Prednisolone / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011878:Radiotherapy / Q000009:adverse effects; D012008:Recurrence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D005938:Glucocorticoids; D011239:Prednisolone; D008775:Methylprednisolone