title: Effects of exogenous endothelin-1 application on liver perfusion in native and transplanted porcine livers.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study was designed to assess and differentiate the impact of progressivly increasing portal venous endothelin-1 (ET) plasma concentrations on hepatic micro- and macroperfusion of native porcine livers (Group A) and liver grafts after experimental transplantation (Group B).
  
  
  METHODS
  A standardized gradual increment in systemic ET plasma concentration (0-58 pg/ml) was induced by continuous ET-1 infusion into the portal vein in both groups (A: n = 10, B: n = 10). Control animals received only saline (n = 5, each group). Hepatic microcirculation (HMC) was quantified by thermodiffusion electrodes, hepatic artery flow (HAF), and portal venous flow (PVF) by Doppler flowmetry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No changes in ET or perfusion parameters were observed in controls. The mean ET level after orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) in Group B was elevated (baseline: 3.8 +/- 2.4 pg/ml) compared with Group A (2.8 +/- 1.9 pg/ml). With rising ET levels HAF decreased progressively in Group A from 205 +/- 97 (baseline) to 160 +/- 72 ml/min, and in Group B from 161 +/- 87 to 146 +/- 68 ml/min. PVF decreased in Group A from 722 +/- 253 to 370 +/- 198 ml/min, and in Group B from 846 +/- 263 to 417 +/- 203 ml/min. Baseline HMC in Group A was 86 +/- 15 and decreased significantly to 29 +/- 9 ml/100 g/min, and baseline MC in Group B was 90 +/- 22 and decreased to 44 +/- 32 ml/100 g/min. No significant alteration in systemic circulation was noted at the ET concentrations investigated.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Significant impairment of hepatic micro- and macrocirculation was detected after induction of systemic ET levels above 9.4 pg/ml both in native and in transplanted livers. Disturbance of HMC was caused predominantly by reduction of portal venous flow, while the effect of ET on HAF was less pronounced. Characteristics of flow impairment in transplanted and native livers were analogous after short cold ischemic graft storage (6 h).
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany. Thomas_Kraus@ukl.uni-heidelberg.de
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kraus
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mehrabi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Golling
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Schäffer
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Bud
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Gebhard
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Herfarth
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Klar
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D019332:Endothelin-1 / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016232:Endothelins / Q000097:blood; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000187:drug effects; D008102:Liver Circulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D016031:Liver Transplantation; D008833:Microcirculation / Q000187:drug effects; D012016:Reference Values; D013552:Swine
chemical_list: D019332:Endothelin-1; D016232:Endothelins