title: Robotic-enhanced arterial revascularization for multivessel coronary artery disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A tendency to reduce operative trauma is determining the evolution of cardiac surgical techniques lately. The introduction of robotic-enhanced endoscopic systems enables surgeons to perform arterial revascularization for multivessel disease without sternotomy.
  
  
  METHODS
  From May 1999,17 (4 women, 13 men; median age 63+/-7.4 years) patients with multivessel coronary artery disease were treated surgically using arterial revascularization by means of bilateral internal mammary arteries. Both arteries were harvested endoscopically using the da Vinci system (Intuitive Surgical, Mountain View, CA). These vessels were anastomosed using the "Dresden technique."
  
  
  RESULTS
  Survival was 100%. Mean duration of the operation was 255+/-40.4 minutes. Bilateral internal mammary artery harvesting took 88.5+/-15.9 minutes; cross-clamp time was 36+/-8.7 minutes. An average of 2.06 anastomoses were performed per operation. Postoperatively, patients remained in the intensive care unit for 21+/-13 hours. One patient (5.8%) needed reexploration due to bleeding.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The robotic surgical system introduces a new treatment of coronary artery disease to surgical practice, and enables arterial revascularization with distinctly reduced surgical trauma.
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Institute, University of Dresden, Germany.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Cichon
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Kappert
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Schneider
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Schramm
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Gulielmos
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Tugtekin
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Schüler
mesh_terms: D000714:Anastomosis, Surgical / Q000379:methods; D001026:Coronary Artery Bypass / Q000379:methods*; D004724:Endoscopy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007902:Length of Stay; D008297:Male; D008323:Mammary Arteries / Q000601:surgery; D008875:Middle Aged; D019060:Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D012371:Robotics; D013997:Time Factors