title: Venous blood flow measurement by determination of change in venous hemoglobin saturation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate a method of measuring venous blood flow in vitro by using the Fick principle and change in saturation of venous blood and to apply the method to the clinical measurement of hepatic blood flow.
  
  
  METHODS
  Experimental study using an in vitro model and clinical study for critically ill patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine in Osaka City University Medical School.
  
  
  METHODS
  Human blood deoxygenated by bubbling of nitrogen was circulated in a closed circuit at 10-120 mL/min by a roller pump. A fiber optic sensor was attached to the circuit for continuous monitoring of hemoglobin saturation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eight critically ill patients, aged 54.3 +/- 15.1 yrs, were studied.
  
  
  METHODS
  Hemoglobin saturation was changed in the in vitro study by the injection of 0.2 mL of oxygenated blood. Signals from the optical fiber were analogue-digital converted and recorded in a computer. In the clinical study, an oximetry catheter was inserted into the inferior vena cava (IVC) via the femoral vein. Arterial blood (10 mL) was drawn from the radial artery, and injected into the IVC. The changes in oxygen saturation in the venous blood were recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Blood flow was calculated using the Fick principle, assuming that all the injected blood passes through the sensor. In vitro estimation of blood flow was well correlated with the actual flow (r2 = .94). IVC blood flow was measured above and below the merging point of the hepatic vein. The difference of the two values was assumed to represent hepatic blood flow. IVC blood flow was calculated by the same method as for the in vitro study. The blood flows in the IVC above and below the anastomosis with the hepatic vein were 2.82 +/-0.56 (SD) Umin and 1.96 +/- 0.61 (SD) L/min. Average estimated hepatic blood flow was 0.86 L/min (range, 0.34-1.75 Umin).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We examined the accuracy and reliability of this new method in the present in vitro study. This method may be clinically useful for measuring hepatic blood flow.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Osaka City University Medical School, Osaka, Japan.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Umemoto
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nishi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shindoh
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Asada
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity / Q000502:physiology*; D003422:Critical Care; D005260:Female; D006452:Hemoglobinometry / Q000295:instrumentation*; D006503:Hepatic Veins; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000098:blood supply*; D008099:Liver / Q000098:blood supply*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008955:Models, Cardiovascular; D010092:Oximetry / Q000295:instrumentation*; D012082:Renal Veins; D012815:Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000295:instrumentation*