title: Haemophilus influenzae infection and Guillain-Barré syndrome.
abstract: It has been reported recently that Haemophilus influenzae can elicit an axonal form of Guillain-Barré syndrome. To investigate the incidence and features of H. influenzae-related Guillain-Barré syndrome, anti-H. influenzae antibody titres were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in 46 consecutive Japanese patients with Guillain-Barré syndrome, 49 normal controls, 24 patients with multiple sclerosis and 27 patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Whole bacteria of non-encapsulated (non-typable) H. influenzae isolated from one of the Guillain-Barré syndrome patients was the antigen used. Elevated anti-H. influenzae antibodies for two or three classes of IgG, IgM and IgA were found in six (13%) Guillain-Barré syndrome patients, but not in the normal controls and patients with multiple sclerosis or ALS. The incidence was significantly higher in patients with Guillain-Barré syndrome than in the normal controls (P = 0.01) and patients with multiple sclerosis or ALS (P = 0.009). Western blot analysis confirmed that the H. influenzae-positive patients' IgG recognized the lipopolysaccharides of H. influenzae. Guillain-Barré syndrome patients with anti-H. influenzae antibodies showed relatively uniform clinical and laboratory features: prodromal respiratory infection, less frequent cranial and sensory nerve involvement, pure motor axonal degeneration on electrophysiology, and positivity for IgG anti-GM1 antibodies. Although the features were similar to those in Guillain-Barré syndrome patients infected by Campylobacter jejuni, the recoveries seemed to be better in patients with H. influenzae-related Guillain-Barré syndrome. It is concluded that a form of Guillain-Barré syndrome occurs after respiratory infection by H. influenzae in the Japanese population. A particular strain of non-typable H. influenzae has a ganglioside GM1-like structure and elicits axonal Guillain-Barré syndrome similar to C. jejuni-related Guillain-Barré syndrome.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Chiba University School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan. morim@olive.ocn.ne.jp
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mori
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kuwabara
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Miyake
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Noda
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kuroki
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kanno
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ogawara
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hattori
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000690:Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis / Q000276:immunology; D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial / Q000032:analysis; D001323:Autoantibodies / Q000032:analysis; D001369:Axons / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D005677:G(M1) Ganglioside / Q000276:immunology; D020275:Guillain-Barre Syndrome / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000473:pathology; D006192:Haemophilus Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000276:immunology*; D006193:Haemophilus influenzae; D006801:Humans; D007070:Immunoglobulin A / Q000032:analysis; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000032:analysis; D007075:Immunoglobulin M / Q000032:analysis; D008297:Male; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000276:immunology; D012189:Retrospective Studies
chemical_list: D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial; D001323:Autoantibodies; D007070:Immunoglobulin A; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D007075:Immunoglobulin M; D005677:G(M1) Ganglioside