title: PSP94 expression after androgen deprivation therapy: a comparative study with prostate specific antigen in benign prostate and prostate cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the clinical use of PSP94 (prostate secretory protein of 94 amino acids) as an androgen independent marker, we conducted a comparative study of prostate samples including benign tissue and cancers which did and did not have androgen deprivation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Among 163 radical prostatectomy cases 75 had androgen deprivation before operation, while surgery was performed in the remainder without prior hormone treatment. Considering the pathological up grading following hormone therapy, contiguous sections from radical prostatectomy samples were stained for PSP94 and prostate specific antigen (PSA) by immunohistochemistry, and equivalent tumor foci were evaluated by assessing the intensity and extent of the staining.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In untreated benign prostate tissue PSP94 and PSA staining was positive and identical in all sections in the no pretreatment group. However, PSP94 expression in the androgen deprivation group was significantly higher than PSA in intensity (p = 0.0005) and extent (p = 0.034). In untreated cancer cases PSP94 intensity and extent demonstrated strong inverse association with Gleason grade (p <0.0001). In contrast, PSA expression was high in every grade, resulting in no statistical association with tumor grade. In the androgen deprivation group PSA staining was decreased in every grade compared to the no pretreatment group. On the other hand, PSP94 expression was decreased in grade 3 tumor foci but increased in grades 4 and 5 tumor foci compared with samples of the corresponding grade in the no pretreatment group (p = 0.0034).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PSP94 expression in benign prostate persists under androgen deprivation compared to PSA. PSP94 synthesis in high grade tumor appears to be activated in the absence of androgen stimulation, indicating the possible alternative pathways in the regulation of PSP94.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Surgery and Pathology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Imasato
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Xuan
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sakai
authors.forename: J I
authors.initials: JI
authors.lastname: Izawa
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Saito
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Chin
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Moussa
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D000368:Aged; D018931:Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015415:Biomarkers; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007265:Inhibins / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D010455:Peptides / Q000378:metabolism*; D011467:Prostate / Q000378:metabolism*; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000097:blood*; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D029584:Prostatic Secretory Proteins
chemical_list: D018931:Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal; D015415:Biomarkers; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D010455:Peptides; D029584:Prostatic Secretory Proteins; C043076:beta-microseminoprotein; D007265:Inhibins; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen