title: Viremia control following antiretroviral treatment and therapeutic immunization during primary SIV251 infection of macaques.
abstract: Prolonged antiretroviral therapy (ART) is not likely to eradicate human immunodeficiency virus type I (HIV-I) infection. Here we explore the effect of therapeutic immunization in the context of ART during primary infection using the simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV251) macaque model. Vaccination of rhesus macaques with the highly attenuated poxvirus-based NYVAC-SIV vaccine expressing structural genes elicited vigorous virus-specific CD4 + and CD8+ T cell responses in macaques that responded effectively to ART. Following discontinuation of a six-month ART regimen, viral rebound occurred in most animals, but was transient in six of eight vaccinated animals. Viral rebound was also transient in four of seven mock-vaccinated control animals. These data establish the importance of antiretroviral treatment during primary infection and demonstrate that virus-specific immune responses in the infected host can be expanded by therapeutic immunization.
authors.affiliation: National Cancer Institute, Basic Research Laboratory, 41/D804, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Hel
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Venzon
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Poudyal
authors.forename: W P
authors.initials: WP
authors.lastname: Tsai
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Giuliani
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Woodward
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chougnet
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Shearer
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Altman
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Watkins
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Bischofberger
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Abimiku
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Markham
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tartaglia
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Franchini
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D018414:CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D015683:Gene Products, gag / Q000235:genetics; D008253:Macaca mulatta; D011212:Poxviridae / Q000235:genetics; D016097:Simian Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology* / Q000821:virology; D014611:Vaccination; D014613:Vaccines, Attenuated / Q000494:pharmacology; D014614:Vaccines, Synthetic / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014766:Viremia / Q000188:drug therapy
chemical_list: D000998:Antiviral Agents; D015683:Gene Products, gag; D014613:Vaccines, Attenuated; D014614:Vaccines, Synthetic