title: Expression of epidermal growth factor and transforming growth factor alpha in interfacial membranes retrieved at revision total hip arthroplasty.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The interfacial membrane between bone and implant has been shown to be a key tissue in the process of aseptic loosening of total hip arthroplasty. The cells within the interfacial membrane produce numerous inflammatory mediators which, through complex mechanisms, cause periprosthetic osteolysis and aseptic loosening. Both epidermal growth factor (EGF) and transforming growth factor alpha (TGFalpha) have similar biological functions. They have been found to stimulate bone resorption.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the presence, cellular localisation, and extent of expression of EGF and TGFalpha in interfacial membrane retrieved from revision total hip arthroplasty and compare it with that in synovial membrane from primary total hip arthroplasty.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ten interfacial membranes and 10 synovial membranes were stained with avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex for EGF and TGFalpha. The staining process was done using the Lab Vision Autostainer. The results were measured by a semiautomatic VIDAS image analysis system.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Immunoreactivity for both EGF and TGFalpha was found in the endothelial cells of blood vessels, macrophages, and fibroblasts, both in interfacial membranes and synovial membranes. However, the number of EGF (980 (370)) and TGFalpha (1070 (360)) positive cells per mm(2) was greater in interfacial membranes than in the synovial membranes (220 (200), 270 (100); p<0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It is suggested that owing to their increased expression in interfacial membrane, EGF and TGFalpha may have an important pathogenetic role in stimulating periprosthetic bone resorption in aseptic loosening of total hip arthroplasty.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Anatomy, University of Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: T F
authors.initials: TF
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Waris
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Alberty
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Santavirta
authors.forename: Y T
authors.initials: YT
authors.lastname: Konttinen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D019644:Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip; D001862:Bone Resorption / Q000276:immunology; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000276:immunology; D004815:Epidermal Growth Factor / Q000276:immunology*; D005260:Female; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D008264:Macrophages / Q000276:immunology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011475:Prosthesis Failure; D012086:Reoperation; D013194:Staining and Labeling / Q000379:methods; D013583:Synovial Membrane / Q000276:immunology*; D016211:Transforming Growth Factor alpha / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D016211:Transforming Growth Factor alpha; D004815:Epidermal Growth Factor