title: Zebrafish acetylcholinesterase is encoded by a single gene localized on linkage group 7. Gene structure and polymorphism; molecular forms and expression pattern during development.
abstract: We cloned and sequenced the acetylcholinesterase gene and cDNA of zebrafish, Danio rerio. We found a single gene (ache) located on linkage group LG7. The relative organization of ache, eng2, and shh genes is conserved between zebrafish and mammals and defines a synteny. Restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis was allowed to identify several allelic variations. We also identified two transposable elements in non-coding regions of the gene. Compared with other vertebrate acetylcholinesterase genes, ache gene contains no alternative splicing at 5' or 3' ends where only a T exon is present. The translated sequence is 60-80% identical to acetylcholinesterases of the vertebrates and exhibits an extra loop specific to teleosts. Analysis of molecular forms showed a transition, at the time of hatching, from the globular G4 form to asymmetric A12 form that becomes prominent in adults. In situ hybridization and enzymatic activity detection on whole embryos confirmed early expression of the acetylcholinesterase gene in nervous and muscular tissues. We found no butyrylcholinesterase gene or activity in Danio. These findings make zebrafish a promising model to study function of acetylcholinesterase during development and regulation of molecular forms assembly in vivo.
authors.affiliation: Différenciation Cellulaire et Croissance, INRA, 2 Place Viala, 34060 Montpellier Cedex, France.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bertrand
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chatonnet
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Takke
authors.forename: Y L
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Postlethwait
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Toutant
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Cousin
mesh_terms: D000110:Acetylcholinesterase / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics*; D000483:Alleles; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D002874:Chromosome Mapping; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D004251:DNA Transposable Elements / Q000235:genetics; D004625:Embryo, Nonmammalian / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism; D018628:Gene Dosage; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D008040:Genetic Linkage; D017403:In Situ Hybridization; D007438:Introns / Q000235:genetics; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D012150:Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012091:Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid / Q000235:genetics; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D014461:Ultracentrifugation; D015027:Zebrafish / Q000196:embryology / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D004251:DNA Transposable Elements; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D000110:Acetylcholinesterase