Efficacy and safety of bacille Calmette-Guérin immunotherapy in superficial bladder cancer.
In the United States, bladder cancer is the fourth most common human malignancy. In the past decade, the incidence of bladder cancer has increased by 36%. However, mortality has declined by 8%. Intravesical chemotherapy was considered to be partially responsible for this improvement in survival, but a recent review of clinical studies shows no reduction in disease progression with intravesical chemotherapy. Fortunately, the results of immunotherapy with bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) are quite different, and it is expected that patients treated with optimal BCG treatment regimens will have a long-term reduction in tumor recurrence, tumor progression, and cancer mortality.
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Department of Urology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, 26506, USA.
D001500:BCG Vaccine / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D019496:Cancer Vaccines / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002278:Carcinoma in Situ / Q000628:therapy*; D018849:Controlled Clinical Trials as Topic; D006801:Humans; D007167:Immunotherapy; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000628:therapy*
D001500:BCG Vaccine; D019496:Cancer Vaccines