title: Prognostic factors in dogs with urinary bladder carcinoma.
abstract: Medical records and biopsy specimens were retrospectively reviewed from 25 dogs diagnosed with unresectable urinary bladder carcinoma and treated with chemotherapy. Our intention was to identify clinical, histologic, and immunohistochemical indicators of prognosis. Immunohistochemical stains for P-glycoprotein, glutathione-S-transferase pi, and factor VIII-related antigen were applied to archived tissue. There were more spayed female dogs than castrated male dogs (76% versus 24%). Transitional cell carcinoma was the most common tumor (88%, n = 22), followed by undifferentiated carcinoma (8%, n = 2) and squamous cell carcinoma (4%, n = 1). Overall median survival was 251 days. Histologic diagnosis and immunohistochemical characteristics did not correlate with prognosis. Spayed females survived significantly longer than castrated males (358 days versus 145 days, P = .042). Dogs that received either doxorubicin or mitoxantrone in addition to a platinum-based chemotherapeutic (either cisplatin or carboplatin) lived significantly longer than those that received only a platinum compound (358 days versus 132 days, P = .042).
authors.affiliation: Donaldson-Atwood Cancer Clinic, The Animal Medical Center, New York, NY, USA. Rochatim@aol.com
authors.forename: T A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Rocha
authors.forename: G N
authors.initials: GN
authors.lastname: Mauldin
authors.forename: A K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Patnaik
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Bergman
mesh_terms: D020168:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1 / Q000032:analysis; D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016190:Carboplatin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology / Q000662:veterinary*; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology / Q000662:veterinary; D002295:Carcinoma, Transitional Cell / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology / Q000662:veterinary; D002945:Cisplatin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology*; D004285:Dogs; D004317:Doxorubicin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005169:Factor VIII / Q000032:analysis; D005260:Female; D005982:Glutathione Transferase / Q000032:analysis; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D008942:Mitoxantrone / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011379:Prognosis; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012737:Sex Factors; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology / Q000662:veterinary*
chemical_list: D020168:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D004317:Doxorubicin; D005169:Factor VIII; D016190:Carboplatin; D008942:Mitoxantrone; D005982:Glutathione Transferase; D002945:Cisplatin