title: A preoperative protocol for the prevention of infection in children with tunnelled right atrial catheters.
abstract: The use of central venous lines has come to be widely accepted by children with cancer and their families. However, attendant infection is a cause of considerable morbidity. Coagulase-negative staphylococci, the predominant aerobic species on the skin, are now the commonest cause of catheter-related bacteremia. We introduced a protocol to reduce the colonization of the skin at the catheter insertion site. Antiseptic skin scrubs, with 4% chlorhexidine gluconate, were performed on the neck and anterior chest the night before and again on the morning of the surgical procedure. A single dose of cephalothin (or vancomycin for penicillin-allergic patients) was administered IV immediately before the operation. Compared to the 12 month period prior to initiation of this protocol, the rate of infections (occurring within 30 days of catheter placement) in the 3.5 year period of intervention dropped from 8 to 4.9 per 1,000 catheter days. The proportion of infections that were staphylococcal was reduced from 93 to 63% and the proportion of non-ports removed within 30 days of placement fell from 45 to 0%. Despite these changes, the major contribution to improved infection control appeared to be the use of an increased proportion of ports (a rise from <10 to almost 60%).
authors.affiliation: Children's Hospital, Hamilton Health Sciences Corporation, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4J9, Canada.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dawson
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Fitzgerald
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Langer
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Walton
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Winthrop
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lau
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wiernikowski
authors.forename: R D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Barr
mesh_terms: D000287:Administration, Topical; D000293:Adolescent; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local / Q000627:therapeutic use; D019072:Antibiotic Prophylaxis; D016470:Bacteremia / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D001424:Bacterial Infections / Q000517:prevention & control*; D002405:Catheterization, Central Venous / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods; D002511:Cephalosporins / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002512:Cephalothin / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002710:Chlorhexidine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D008297:Male; D012867:Skin / Q000382:microbiology; D013203:Staphylococcal Infections / Q000517:prevention & control; D014640:Vancomycin / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local; D002511:Cephalosporins; D014640:Vancomycin; C010882:chlorhexidine gluconate; D002710:Chlorhexidine; D002512:Cephalothin