title: Memory effects in granular materials
abstract: We present a combined experimental and theoretical study of memory effects in vibration-induced compaction of granular materials. In particular, the response of the system to an abrupt change in shaking intensity is measured. At short times after the perturbation a granular analog of aging in glasses is observed. Using a simple two-state model, we are able to explain this short-time response. We also discuss the possibility for the system to obey an approximate pseudo-fluctuation-dissipation theorem relationship and relate our work to earlier experimental and theoretical studies of the problem.
authors.affiliation: The James Franck Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA.
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Josserand
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Tkachenko
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Mueth
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Jaeger