title: Effects of oxygen and nitric oxide inhalation in a porcine model of recurrent microembolism.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Inhalation of nitric oxide (iNO) has been proposed for the treatment of acute pulmonary embolism. The present study evaluates the effects of oxygen (O2) and nitric oxide inhalation in a porcine model of sustained pulmonary hypertension induced by recurrent pulmonary microembolism.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twelve pigs were embolized under general anesthesia with 300-microm microspheres intravenously three times over a period of seven weeks. Five pigs served as untreated controls. Hemodynamic and gas exchange responses to 100% oxygen and 40 ppm NO inhalation, and their combination (O2+iNO) were measured seven days after the last embolization.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Recurrent microembolism caused sustained pulmonary hypertension (pulmonary vascular resistance index; PVRI 408 +/- 57 dyn x s x cm(-5) x m(-2)) as compared to the control group (PVRI 143 +/- 20 dyn x s x cm(-5) m(-2); P<0.05). PVRI was significantly reduced by O2, iNO, and O2+iNO inhalation by 29 +/- 3, 28 +/- 4, and 32 +/- 3%, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We conclude that both O2 and iNO are selective pulmonary vasodilators in a porcine model of sustained pulmonary hypertension following recurrent pulmonary microembolism and, therefore, may be useful in the treatment not only in the acute phase of pulmonary embolism but also later in the time course of the disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesiology, Ruprecht-Karls-University, Heidelberg, Germany. Joerg_Weimann@med.uni-heidelberg.de
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Weimann
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zink
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Gebhard
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gries
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Motsch
mesh_terms: D000280:Administration, Inhalation; D000818:Animals; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology; D006976:Hypertension, Pulmonary / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood; D010102:Oxygen Inhalation Therapy; D011655:Pulmonary Embolism / Q000188:drug therapy*; D012008:Recurrence; D012129:Respiratory Function Tests; D013552:Swine; D014664:Vasodilation / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D009569:Nitric Oxide; D010100:Oxygen