title: The role of metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR) ligands in parkinsonian muscle rigidity.
abstract: It has been shown that the primary striatal dopaminergic hypofunction which is at the origin of Parkinson's disease, results in a secondary hyperactivity of glutamatergic neurotransmission. In the search for a therapy of Parkinson's disease, ionotropic, mainly NMDA, receptor antagonists were found to have moderately beneficial, yet also some undesirable side-effects. Therefore the present study was aimed at determining whether some metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR) ligands may have antiparkinsonian effects in the haloperidol-induced muscle rigidity. To this end three mGluR ligands were used: the potent and selective mGluR I antagonist (RS)-1-aminoindan-1,5-dicarboxylic acid (AIDA), the mixed group II agonist/ group I antagonist (S)-4-carboxy-3-hydroxyphenyl-glycine ((S)-4-C3HPG), and the potent group II agonist (+)-2-aminobicyclo[3.1.0.]hexane-2,6,-dicarboxylic acid (LY354740). Only LY354740 penetrated the brain from the periphery; for this reason other drugs were injected bilaterally into the rostral striatum or nucleus accumbens. The muscle tone was recorded by a mechanomyographic/electromyographic (MMG/EMG) method which measured the resistance of a rat's hind foot and the EMG reflex response of its muscles to passive movements. (S)-4C3HPG (5 and 15 microg/0.5 microl) and LY354740 (5 and 10mg/kg i.p.) diminished the muscle rigidity induced by haloperidol (1 mg/kg i.p.). AIDA (0.5-15 microg/0.5 microl) injected into the striatum was only slightly effective in the highest dose used. However, when injected into the nucleus accumbens AIDA (15microg/0.5microl) significantly and strongly counteracted the haloperidol-induced muscle rigidity. Our results suggest that stimulation of group II striatal mGluRs seems to play a major role in diminution of parkinsonian-like muscle rigidity. However, it seems that the antagonism of group I mGluRs located in the nucleus accumbens may also be of importance to the antiparkinsonian effect.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuropsychopharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wolfarth
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Konieczny
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lorenc-Koci
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ossowska
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pilc
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001643:Bridged Bicyclo Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology; D004576:Electromyography; D005998:Glycine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D008024:Ligands; D008297:Male; D009127:Muscle Rigidity / Q000503:physiopathology*; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000503:physiopathology*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D018094:Receptors, Metabotropic Glutamate / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D001643:Bridged Bicyclo Compounds; D008024:Ligands; D018094:Receptors, Metabotropic Glutamate; C078245:4-carboxy-3-hydroxyphenylglycine; C104753:eglumetad; D005998:Glycine