title: Paramedic success rate for blind nasotracheal intubation is improved with the use of an endotracheal tube with directional tip control.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Blind nasotracheal intubation (BNTI) is used to secure the airway in patients who are spontaneously breathing. The success rate for BNTI is often lower than for orotracheal intubation. We conducted this study to determine whether the use of an endotracheal tube (ETT) capable of directional tip control can improve the BNTI success rate.
  
  
  METHODS
  This prospective, experimental study was conducted by a state emergency medical services agency during 1997, 1998, and 1999. Consecutive patients undergoing attempted BNTI or orotracheal intubation were included. Five paramedic units were trained to use an ETT with triggeractivated distal tip directional control for BNTIs (intervention group). Ten units used conventional ETTs for BNTIs and served as concurrent controls (control group). Subjects in the 2 groups were enrolled concurrently with nonrandomized allocation based on the agency providing service. An intubation attempt was defined by tube passage, and success was defined as confirmed endotracheal placement.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 219 BNTIs were studied (141 in the control group and 78 in the intervention group). BNTI was successful in 82 (58%) of 141 cases using conventional ETTs, and in 56 (72%) of 78 cases using directional tip control (P =.04). The overall success rate was 63%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Use of ETTs with distal directional control is associated with a higher success rate for BNTI than conventional ETTs. Use of ETTs with directional tip control significantly improves the success rates for BNTIs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, Christiana Care Health System, Newark, DE, USA. roconnor@christianacare.org
authors.forename: R E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: O'connor
authors.forename: R E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Megargel
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Schnyder
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Madden
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bitner
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ross
mesh_terms: D000488:Allied Health Personnel; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004632:Emergency Medical Services / Q000379:methods*; D004867:Equipment Design; D006801:Humans; D007442:Intubation, Intratracheal / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D011446:Prospective Studies