title: Granzyme activity in the inflamed lung is not controlled by endogenous serine proteinase inhibitors.
abstract: Numerous lung diseases, such as hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP), are characterized by the presence of activated alveolar CTL and NK cells. Since these cells produce granzymes, granzyme A and B levels in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluids from 14 normal subjects and 12 patients with HP were measured by ELISA. Median (range) BAL granzyme A and B levels were 4 (0-37) and 0 (0-6) pg/ml in normal subjects. BAL granzyme levels were significantly higher in HP patients, being at 74 (0-1,889) and 10 (0-78) pg/ml for granzymes A and B, respectively. In vitro, neither of the three main serine protease inhibitors of the lung, namely alpha1-antitrypsin, secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor, and elafin, showed any effect on granzyme A or B activity. In addition, granzyme A was shown to be fully active in BAL fluids. Hence, these data show that granzyme activity may be poorly controlled by protease inhibitors in inflamed tissues. Thus, granzymes could contribute to tissue remodeling and inflammation characterizing HP.
authors.affiliation: Centre de Recherche, Hôpital Laval, Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de l'Université Laval, Sainte-Foy, Québec, Canada. guy.tremblay@med.ulaval.ca
authors.forename: G M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Tremblay
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Wolbink
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Cormier
authors.forename: C E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Hack
mesh_terms: D000542:Alveolitis, Extrinsic Allergic / Q000097:blood / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D001992:Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology; D002452:Cell Count; D003602:Cytotoxicity, Immunologic; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D053804:Granzymes; D006801:Humans; D053491:Proteinase Inhibitory Proteins, Secretory; D011506:Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology; D012697:Serine Endopeptidases / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D015842:Serine Proteinase Inhibitors / Q000502:physiology*; D000515:alpha 1-Antitrypsin / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D053491:Proteinase Inhibitory Proteins, Secretory; D011506:Proteins; D015842:Serine Proteinase Inhibitors; D000515:alpha 1-Antitrypsin; C509213:GZMB protein, human; D053804:Granzymes; D012697:Serine Endopeptidases; C509212:GZMA protein, human