title: Problems of older adults living alone after hospitalization.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe functional deficits among older adults living alone and receiving home nursing following medical hospitalization, and the association of living alone with lack of functional improvement and nursing home utilization 1 month after hospitalization.
  
  
  METHODS
  Secondary analysis of a prospective cohort study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Consecutive sample of patients age 65 and over receiving home nursing following medical hospitalization. Patients were excluded for new diagnosis of myocardial infarction or stroke in the previous 2 months, diagnosis of dementia if living alone, or nonambulatory status. Of 613 patients invited to participate, 312 agreed.
  
  
  METHODS
  One week after hospitalization, patients were assessed in the home for demographic information, medications, cognition, and self-report of prehospital and current mobility and function in activities of daily living (ADLs) and independent activities of daily living (IADLs). One month later, patients were asked about current function and nursing home utilization. The outcomes were lack of improvement in ADL function and nursing home utilization 1 month after hospitalization.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One hundred forty-one (45%) patients lived alone. After hospital discharge, 40% of those living alone and 62% of those living with others had at least 1 ADL dependency (P =.0001). Patients who were ADL-dependent and lived alone were 3.3 (95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.4 to 7. 6) times less likely to improve in ADLs and 3.5 (95% CI, 1.0 to 11. 9) times more likely to be admitted to a nursing home in the month after hospitalization.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients who live alone and receive home nursing after hospitalization are less likely to improve in function and more likely to be admitted to a nursing home, compared with those who live with others. More intensive resources may be required to continue community living and maximize independence.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine, and Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI 53705, USA.
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Mahoney
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Eisner
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Havighurst
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gray
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Palta
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003710:Demography; D005260:Female; D006699:Home Care Services; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010351:Patient Discharge; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012111:Residence Characteristics; D012307:Risk Factors; D012944:Social Support; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors