title: A method for mediastinal drainage after cardiac procedures using small silastic drains.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  It has been standard teaching in cardiac surgery that drainage of the mediastinum following cardiac surgical procedures is best accomplished using rigid large-bore chest tubes. Recent trends in cardiac surgery have suggested less invasive approaches to a variety of diseases. Difficult drainage problems in the field of general surgery including hepatic and pancreatic collections have been drained successfully with smaller flexible drains for many years. Additionally, many difficult to reach collections in the chest have been drained by invasive radiologists using small pigtail catheters.
  
  
  METHODS
  We have introduced drainage of the mediastinum using 10-mm flexible, flat, fluted Blake drains. To date, we have used these drains in more than 100 cardiac operations including coronary artery bypass grafting, valve repair/replacements, combined coronary artery bypass grafting/valve operations, heart transplants, septal defects, and mediastinal tumors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We have demonstrated that this form of drainage is as good as using large-bore chest tubes with no significant risk of bleeding or tamponade. Additionally, use of these tubes is less painful, allows more mobility, and earlier discharge with functioning drains in place if necessary.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Larger chest tubes are not necessarily better when it comes to draining the mediastinum. The actual area of ingress through the sideholes is considerably less than the surface area provided by the fluted Blake drain. We believe that this system can replace standard chest tubes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiothroacic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center, Fort Sam Houston, San Antonio, Texas 78234, USA. seamusmd@aol.com
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Obney
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Barnes
authors.forename: P G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Lisagor
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Cohen
mesh_terms: D006348:Cardiac Surgical Procedures; D004129:Dimethylpolysiloxanes; D004322:Drainage / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008482:Mediastinum; D008875:Middle Aged; D019060:Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures; D012828:Silicones
chemical_list: D004129:Dimethylpolysiloxanes; D012828:Silicones; C013830:baysilon