title: Determination of optimal radiation energy for different breast sizes using CT-simulator [correction of simulatior] in tangential breast irradiation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The purpose of this study is to determine and recommend the optimal radiation source according to breast size for tangential irradiation in breast conserving therapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-eight patients treated at our department from January 1994 to January 1996 were studied. The dose distribution within the irradiated breast was calculated using a (60)Co-gamma ray and 6 MV-X ray. Then we compared 3-D dose distributions of the (60)Co-gamma ray and 6 MV-X ray in different-sized breasts. Three parameters (breast volume, chest wall separation, and breast height) were adopted as representative of breast size. We also examined correlations among the three parameters.
  
  
  RESULTS
  When the breast size was large (breast volume >400 cm(3), chest wall separation > 19.5 cm, or breast height > 6.5 cm), the average volume of normal tissue which received more than 110% of the isocenter dose ("hot spot") was significantly greater with the (60)Co-gamma ray than with the 6 MV-X ray (p < 0.05). A similar result was obtained with regard to hot spots in the clinical target volume. The cold area that received less than 95% of the isocenter dose was greater using a 6 MV-X ray when the breast size was small (breast volume <200 cm(3), chest wall separation <17.5 cm, or breast height <5.0 cm). However, the difference was not significant. There was a significant correlation between breast volume and chest wall separation (r =0.849, p <0.001). Breast volume and breast height were also significantly correlated (r =0.813, p <0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Since breast volume and shape are different in each patient, the optimal energy should be selected for each case to obtain uniform dose distribution in breast-conserving therapy. Chest wall separation or breast height, which are measurable without a 3-D planning system, can substitute for breast volume as parameters for breast size. We recommend that the (60)Co-gamma ray not be used for treating large breasts, those with chest wall separation > or =19.5 cm or breast height > or =6.5 cm.
authors.affiliation: Division of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, 6-5-1 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-0882, Japan.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nihei
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mitsumori
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ishigaki
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fujishiro
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kokubo
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nagata
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sasai
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hiraoka
mesh_terms: D000886:Anthropometry / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology* / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D003037:Cobalt Radioisotopes / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods*; D007564:Japan; D011879:Radiotherapy Dosage; D011881:Radiotherapy, Computer-Assisted / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D003037:Cobalt Radioisotopes