title: A path analysis of cognitive, affective, and behavioral predictors of treatment response in a methadone maintenance program.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Continued illicit drug use by opioid-dependent patients maintained on methadone is a serious problem, undermining the goal of methadone maintenance treatment and increasing the risk for HIV. The current study employed structural equation modeling (SEM) to examine cognitive, affective, and behavioral predictors of treatment response during the first 12 weeks of methadone maintenance treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  302 opioid-dependent individuals (72% male; 28% female) entering a methadone maintenance program (MMP) were provided with a comprehensive intake assessment. Heroin and cocaine use were assessed using twice weekly urine toxicology screens. The model accounted for 37 percent of the variance in abstinence from illicit opiates and 38 percent of the variance in abstinence from cocaine.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Continued heroin use while maintained on methadone was predicted by pre-treatment severity of addiction and by strength of self-identity as an "addict." Cocaine use was predicted by pre-treatment severity of addiction, low self-efficacy, lack of negative affect, and strength of self-schema. The strongest predictor of abstinence from both heroin and cocaine was attendance at the adjunctive manual-guided psychosocial group interventions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Implications for treatment are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, USA.
authors.forename: S K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Avants
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Margolin
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mckee
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000339:Affect; D019970:Cocaine-Related Disorders / Q000523:psychology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D005260:Female; D006556:Heroin Dependence / Q000523:psychology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D006801:Humans; D007389:Internal-External Control; D008297:Male; D008691:Methadone / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D009042:Motivation; D010349:Patient Compliance / Q000523:psychology*; D015813:Substance Abuse Detection; D015819:Substance Abuse, Intravenous / Q000523:psychology / Q000534:rehabilitation
chemical_list: D008691:Methadone