title: Protein C levels as a prognostic indicator of outcome in sepsis and related diseases.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To consider the appropriateness of protein C levels as a prognostic indicator for sepsis and related diseases.
  
  
  METHODS
  Published research and review articles related to protein C deficiency in patients with sepsis and related diseases.
  
  
  METHODS
  All applicable data were extracted, and relevant literature was cited to support factual statements in the text. The protein C pathway represents one of the major regulatory systems of hemostasis, exhibiting antithrombotic, profibrinolytic, and anti-inflammatory properties. Numerous studies have shown that acquired protein C deficiency is prevalent in the majority of septic patients (>85%) and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality in patients with severe sepsis and septic shock. This deficiency in protein C is not simply a transient marker for sepsis, but parallels the progress of the disease. In addition, protein C deficiency occurs in the presence of a wide range of pathogens and develops early in the disease process.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A review of the relevant literature suggests that protein C levels may serve as a useful prognostic indicator of outcome in sepsis and related diseases.
authors.affiliation: Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN 46285, USA. Fisher_Charles_J@Lilly.com
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Fisher
authors.forename: S B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Yan
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D011379:Prognosis; D011486:Protein C / Q000032:analysis*; D018805:Sepsis / Q000401:mortality*; D012772:Shock, Septic / Q000401:mortality
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D011486:Protein C