title: Contrast sensitivity and glare disability by halogen light after monofocal and multifocal lens implantation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Standard examination of contrast sensitivity under conditions of glare disability is performed with incandescent light. A new halogen glare test that simulates glare as seen with oncoming vehicle headlights was used to measure glare disability in patients implanted with multifocal and monofocal intraocular lenses (IOLs).
  
  
  METHODS
  28 patients with an average age of 69 years (SD 12 years) were implanted with a monofocal IOL (SI-40NB, Allergan) and 28 patients with an average of 66 years (12 years) were implanted with a refractive multifocal IOL (Array-SA-40N, Allergan). All patients were followed for 5 months postoperatively. Contrast sensitivity at four spatial frequencies (3, 6, 12, and 18 cycles per degree, cpd) with and without a glare source were measured using the halogen glare test (CSV-1000 HGT). Statistical analysis was performed using the two sample Wilcoxon test. The local significance level was set at 0.05.
  
  
  RESULTS
  When tested at the lowest spatial frequency (3 cpd) without halogen glare, contrast sensitivity was lower in the multifocal group than in the monofocal group (p=0.0292). With additional glare, there was no difference between both groups. At all other spatial frequencies (6, 12, and 18 cpd), when tested without halogen glare (6 cpd, p=0.5250; 12 cpd, p=0.8483; 18 cpd, p=0.9496) and with moderate (3 cpd, p=0.7993; 6 cpd, p=0.4639; 12 cpd, p=0.7456; 18 cpd, p=1.0) and high halogen glare (3 cpd, p=0. 1513; 6 cpd, p=0.2016; 12 cpd, p=0.3069; 18 cpd, p=0.9933), there was no statistically significant difference between groups. Patients in both groups of age 70 or older had reduced contrast sensitivity without halogen glare and with moderate and strong glare. When monofocal and multifocal patients older than 70 years of age were analysed separately, there was no statistically significant difference in contrast sensitivity with and without glare. Astigmatism >1 dioptre had no significant influence on contrast sensitivity and glare disability when monofocal and multifocal eyes were compared.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Reduced contrast sensitivity was found in the multifocal group only at the lowest spatial frequency without halogen glare. The monofocal and multifocal groups had no statistically significant differences in contrast sensitivity with moderate and strong glare. These results suggest no difference in glare disability induced by halogen light similar to oncoming vehicle headlights for patients implanted with monofocal and multifocal IOLs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Schmitz
authors.forename: H B
authors.initials: HB
authors.lastname: Dick
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Krummenauer
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Schwenn
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Krist
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000375:Aging / Q000523:psychology; D001334:Automobile Driving; D015350:Contrast Sensitivity; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D019466:Glare; D006219:Halogens; D006801:Humans; D007910:Lenses, Intraocular; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011184:Postoperative Period
chemical_list: D006219:Halogens