title: Bifidobacterium strains from resident infant human gastrointestinal microflora exert antimicrobial activity.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The gastrointestinal microflora exerts a barrier effect against enteropathogens. The aim of this study was to examine if bifidobacteria, a major species of the human colonic microflora, participates in the barrier effect by developing antimicrobial activity against enterovirulent bacteria.
  
  
  METHODS
  Antibacterial activity was examined in vitro against a wide range of Gram negative and Gram positive pathogens. Inhibition of Salmonella typhimurium SL1334 cell association and cell invasion was investigated in vitro using Caco-2 cells. Colonisation of the gastrointestinal tract in vivo by bifidobacteria was examined in axenic C3/He/Oujco mice. Antimicrobial activity was examined in vivo in axenic C3/He/Oujco mice infected by the lethal S typhimurium C5 strain.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fourteen human bifidobacterium strains isolated from infant stools were examined for antimicrobial activity. Two strains (CA1 and F9) expressed antagonistic activity against pathogens in vitro, inhibited cell entry, and killed intracellular S typhimurium SL1344 in Caco-2 cells. An antibacterial component(s) produced by CA1 and F9 was found to be a lipophilic molecule(s) with a molecular weight of less than 3500. In the axenic C3/He/Oujco mice, CA1 and F9 strains colonised the intestinal tract and protected mice against S typhimurium C5 lethal infection.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Several bifidobacterium strains from resident infant human gastrointestinal microflora exert antimicrobial activity, suggesting that they could participate in the "barrier effect" produced by the indigenous microflora.
authors.affiliation: Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité 510, UFR de Pharmacie, Université Paris XI, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Liévin
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Peiffer
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hudault
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Rochat
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Brassart
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Neeser
authors.forename: A L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Servin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001433:Bacteriolysis; D001644:Bifidobacterium / Q000145:classification / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000502:physiology*; D016360:Clostridioides difficile / Q000502:physiology; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000502:physiology; D005243:Feces / Q000382:microbiology*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007711:Klebsiella pneumoniae / Q000502:physiology; D008089:Listeria monocytogenes / Q000502:physiology; D051379:Mice; D008809:Mice, Inbred C3H; D011550:Pseudomonas aeruginosa / Q000502:physiology; D012486:Salmonella typhimurium / Q000502:physiology; D012763:Shigella flexneri / Q000502:physiology; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000502:physiology; D013291:Streptococcus / Q000502:physiology