title: [Anorectal congenital malformations and their preferential associations. Experience of the Clinical Hospital of the University of Chile. Period 1979-1999].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Anorectal atresia is a relatively frequent malformation in the newborn. According to the Latin American Collaborative Study for Congenital Malformations (ECLAMC), its frequency is 4.1 per 10,000 born alive.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine the frequency of anorectal malformations at birth, and compare the figures with those of other maternity hospitals in Chile participating in ECLAMC, with the figures of the whole ECLAMC and with figures from other worldwide monitoring systems.
  
  
  METHODS
  All births occurred in the University of Chile Clinical Hospital between January 1979 and August 1999, were reviewed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During the study period, 70,242 children were born, 4,486 had a malformation and 54 had an anorectal malformation (7.7 per 10,000 born alive). Fifty nine percent had other associated malformations (of the urinary tract in 42.5%, skeletal in 26% and cardiovascular in 18.5%). Five stillborn babies had other severe malformations. Twenty one children had a fistula. Forty three % were male, 39% female and 18% had ambiguous sex. When compared with normal controls, malformed newborns had a lower birth weight, lower gestational age and a higher mean maternal age, a higher frequency of metrorrhagia during the first trimester of pregnancy, a higher number of siblings with malformations and a higher degree of consanguinity among parents.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The participation of recessive genes in the etiology of anorectal malformations is suggested.
authors.affiliation: Unidad de Neonatología, Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Nazer
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Hubner
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Valenzuela
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cifuentes
mesh_terms: D000015:Abnormalities, Multiple / Q000453:epidemiology*; D001006:Anus, Imperforate / Q000453:epidemiology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002677:Chile / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015995:Prevalence; D012007:Rectum / Q000002:abnormalities*; D012307:Risk Factors