title: The developing role of cytokines for imaging inflammation and infection.
abstract: The diagnosis of inflammatory processes is an important goal in medicine. In some cases the diagnosis is easy, based on the clinical history and the physical examination of the patient. Other cases are more difficult to diagnose because they are asymptomatic or with non-specific symptoms. Thus, several imaging techniques have been developed for the diagnosis of inflammatory processes, from the simple X-ray to the more sophisticated computerised tomography, magnetic resonance imaging and nuclear medicine scan. They provide different information and their role in different diseases will be discussed in this review with particular emphasis on the expanding field of the use of radiolabelled cytokines for imaging infection/inflammation. So far, IL-1, IL-1ra, IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12 p40, G-CSF, IFN-gamma and EGF have been radiolabelled for in vivo targetting of different leukocyte subsets with promising results for their clinical use.
authors.affiliation: Nu.M.E.D. Group, Servizio Speciale di Medicina Nucleare, Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Rome 'La Sapienza', Rome, Italy. alberto.signore@uniroma1.it
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Signore
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Procaccini
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Annovazzi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chianelli
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: van der Laken
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mire-Sluis
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016207:Cytokines; D006801:Humans; D007239:Infections / Q000175:diagnosis*; D007249:Inflammation / Q000175:diagnosis*; D008024:Ligands; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D051379:Mice; D009333:Neck / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D011877:Radionuclide Imaging; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D013966:Thyroiditis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D014965:X-Rays
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D008024:Ligands; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals