title: [Frequency and risk factors of intraocular pressure increase after penetrating keratoplasty].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence, risk factors and management of glaucoma following penetrating keratoplasty (PK) and to check for possible correlations with the indication for PK.
  
  
  METHODS
  534 eyes of 483 patients (age 54.7 +/- 19.8 years), that had undergone PK from 1989 to 1999 were retrospectively analyzed. The mean follow-up was 2.7 +/- 1.8 years. According to the type of surgical procedure patients were classified in 5 groups: group 1) PK only (n = 291); group 2) PK combined with extracapsular cataract extraction and intraocular lens (IOL) implantation (n = 124); group 3) PK combined with secundary IOL-implantation or IOL-change (n = 32); group 4) PK only after previous cataract surgery (n = 55) and group 5) Cataract surgery after PK (n = 32). The trephination was performed from the epithelial side in donor and recipient either by nonmechanical trephination with the 193 nm excimer laser (n = 444) or mechanical trephination (n = 90). An iridotomy was performed routinely during PK. The postoperative treatment with topical steroids was standardized.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Preoperatively, glaucoma was diagnosed in 3.2% for all patients with groups 3 und 4 showing a significantly larger number of glaucomatous eyes (15.6% and 18.9%). Most of the mild early intraocular pressure elevations in group 1 (3.4%) and group 2 (3.0%) were controlled after 6 months (0.5% and 1.1%). Groups 3 and 4 showed most frequently increased intraocular pressure and/or antiglaucomatous treatment (21.4% and 18.7%) six weeks postoperatively. Patients in all groups showed no higher prevalence of persistent glaucoma from six months postoperatively than preoperatively throughout the follow-up period. Again groups 3 and 4 presented the largest number of persistent glaucoma. In most eyes the IOP was controlled by topical antiglaucomatous treatment. Serious forms seen in 2 patients with anterior synechiae caused by anterior chamber lens required several filtering surgeries or pars plicata diathermy, respectively. One patient with pseudoexfoliation syndrome required laser trabeculoplasty. The so-called "Urrets-Zavalia syndrome" was seen in none of the patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The development of increased intraocular pressure after PK varied with the indication for keratoplasty. Postkeratoplasty glaucoma seems to be strongly associated with preexisting anterior synechiae and/or simultaneous anterior chamber lens implant removal. Intraoperative iridotomy can prevent the development of acute angle closure glaucoma after keratoplasty.
authors.affiliation: Augenklinik mit Poliklinik der Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg. nhung.nguyen@augen.imed.uni-erlangen.de
authors.forename: N X
authors.initials: NX
authors.lastname: Nguyen
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Langenbucher
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Seitz
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Küchle
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003316:Corneal Diseases / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D015812:Glaucoma, Angle-Closure / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007429:Intraocular Pressure; D007498:Iris / Q000601:surgery*; D015948:Keratoplasty, Penetrating / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012086:Reoperation; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome