title: Outpatient ureteroscopic lithotripsy: selective internal stenting and factors enhancing success.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate a policy of selective, short-duration internal stenting after outpatient ureteroscopic laser lithotripsy.
  
  
  METHODS
  From January 1997 to April 1998, 62 patients (34 male, 28 female) with a mean age of 50 (range 21-80) years underwent outpatient ureteroscopic lithotripsy using a holmium laser (365 microm; 0.5-1.4J/5-10 Hz) and 6F/7.5F semirigid ureteroscope. Internal stents were inserted selectively in patients with severe preoperative obstruction (intravenous urogram finding), tight stone impaction (endoscopic finding), or significant residual obstruction (on-table retrograde pyelogram finding) despite stone clearance. Patient demographics, stone measures, stone clearance rates, complications, postoperative pain scores, analgesic requirement, and follow-up imaging were compared for the stented and unstented patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  With the present criteria of selective internal stenting, stents were inserted in 56% of the patients for a mean duration of 3.6 weeks. Excluding those patients with residual stones requiring further interventions, the stenting rate was 39% with a mean duration of 1.9 weeks. There was no difference in patient characteristics, stone burden, and stone levels between the stented and unstented group. The mean operating time for the unstented group was shorter than for the stented group (45.6 minutes v 56.6 minutes; P = 0.03). The stone clearance rates were similar for the two groups (96% v 97%), but the complication rate of the stented group was higher (8.6% v 3.7%). The mean postoperative pain score and analgesic requirement were similar in the two groups on postoperative day 1 but significantly less in the unstented group on day 3.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The criteria for selective internal stenting are useful in determining when a stent should be used. By omitting the stent insertion in the absence of these criteria, operating time, postoperative pain, and analgesic requirement were reduced without increasing the complication rate. Ureteral stricturing was absent despite the low stenting rate.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Tung Wah Hospital, The University of Hong Kong Medical Center, Hong Kong. mccheunguro@aol.com
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Cheung
authors.forename: S K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Yip
authors.forename: F C
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: P C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Tam
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000553:Ambulatory Care; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D053685:Laser Therapy; D008096:Lithotripsy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010149:Postoperative Pain; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D019233:Retreatment; D015607:Stents; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014514:Ureteral Calculi / Q000628:therapy*; D018666:Ureteroscopy