title: Localization of thrombomodulin in the anterior segment of the human eye.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To localize thrombomodulin (TM) in the anterior segment of the human eye. TM is a vascular endothelial cell surface glycoprotein that acts as a cofactor for the thrombin-catalyzed activation of the anticoagulant protease zymogen, protein C.
  
  
  METHODS
  Immunohistochemical methods were used to detect TM expression in corneal epithelial cells, the lens epithelial cells, and other cells in the anterior segment of the eye. The expression of TM was also examined in cultured human corneal epithelial cells.
  
  
  RESULTS
  TM was expressed in corneal epithelial cells, corneal endothelial cells, and nonpigmented ciliary epithelial cells, which are in direct contact with the aqueous humor. TM was also expressed in cultured corneal epithelial cells and showed cofactor activity. The amount of the antigen in the cultured corneal cells was approximately one tenth of that in human umbilical vein endothelial cells, but its specific cofactor activity (75%) was comparable to that of TM in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. The trabecular meshwork and endothelial cells lining Schlemm's canal also showed positive staining for TM.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The TM in the cells that are in contact with the aqueous humor appears to be involved in maintaining the fluidity of the aqueous humor. In contrast, TM in cells that are not in contact with the aqueous humor may function in regulating cell proliferation and/or differentiation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan. tikeda@a2.mbn.or.jp
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ikeda
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ishii
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Higuchi
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hayashi
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ikeda
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hirabayashi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000869:Anterior Eye Segment / Q000737:chemistry*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004728:Endothelium, Corneal / Q000737:chemistry; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000737:chemistry; D019573:Epithelium, Corneal / Q000737:chemistry; D005136:Eye Proteins / Q000032:analysis* / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D007498:Iris / Q000737:chemistry / Q000166:cytology; D007908:Lens, Crystalline / Q000737:chemistry / Q000166:cytology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D018180:Thrombomodulin / Q000032:analysis* / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D005136:Eye Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D018180:Thrombomodulin