title: Methotrexate for cesarean scar pregnancy after in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer. A case report.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cesarean scar pregnancy is an exceedingly rare occurrence. We present the first case of cesarean scar pregnancy following in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer (IVF-ET).
  
  
  METHODS
  A 40-year-old woman with a history of a previous cesarean section presented with five years of unexplained infertility. The patient complained of abdominal pain 16 days after embryo transfer. Ultrasonography revealed a gestational sac with cardiac activity located outside the lower segment of the uterus. Dilatation and curettage was performed due to misdiagnosis of inevitable abortion. Two weeks later, repeated sonography demonstrated a sacculus, 4.07 x 4.07 cm, within the uterine isthmus with only 7.1 mm of thickness separating the sac from the urinary bladder. Normal cervical length without ballooning was noted. Cesarean scar pregnancy was diagnosed. Local injection of methotrexate (MTX) under ultrasound guidance was performed. Plasma beta-hCG levels declined from 23,328 to 8 mlU/mL within two months.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  For women with cesarean scar pregnancy who desire fertility, conservative treatment using MTX is an excellent choice.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C.
authors.forename: K M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Seow
authors.forename: W C
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chuang
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Y L
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Tsai
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Hwang
mesh_terms: D000020:Abortifacient Agents, Nonsteroidal / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000028:Abortion, Induced / Q000379:methods*; D000328:Adult; D002585:Cesarean Section; D002921:Cicatrix; D004624:Embryo Transfer; D005260:Female; D005307:Fertilization in Vitro; D006801:Humans; D007247:Infertility, Female / Q000517:prevention & control; D008727:Methotrexate / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications
chemical_list: D000020:Abortifacient Agents, Nonsteroidal; D008727:Methotrexate