title: Heterogeneous response patterns of alveolar macrophages from patients with lung cancer by stimulation with interferon-gamma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Macrophages are considered to play an important role in the host defense against malignant tumors. In this study, cytotoxic activity of alveolar macrophages (AM) derived from 32 patients with lung cancer was investigated.
  
  
  METHODS
  AM were aseptically obtained by lavage from resected lung and subsequently tested for cytolytic activity against QG56, a lung squamous cell line, following treatment with recombinant interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma).
  
  
  RESULTS
  In seven patients (21.9%), AM showed no cytotoxicity even though AM were incubated with IFN-gamma. In 20 (62.5%), AM showed substantial cytotoxicity in response to IFN-gamma in a dose-dependent manner. In the other five (15.6%), relatively strong cytotoxicity was observed even without preincubation with IFN-gamma. Such a heterogeneous profile of the cytotoxicity of AM might be a reflection of various activated states of AM since the potential of cytotoxicity and that of IL-1 secretion were almost parallel. Both IFN-gamma dependent and -independent cytotoxicity were partially blocked either by anti-tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) antibody or by the inhibitor of nitric oxide synthesis. However, those activities were completely abrogated by both treatments. Since the supernatant of AM culture exhibited TNF-alpha-mediated but not NO-mediated cytolysis, TNF-alpha could mediate a bystander killing whereas NO acts in close contact with tumor cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The AM have anti-tumor cytotoxicity in lung cancer although the cytolytic potential is heterogeneous and that the tumor lysis by AM is mediated by both TNF-alpha and NO production.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery II, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Eifuku
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yoshimatsu
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Yoshino
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Takenoyama
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Imahayashi
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: So
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hanagiri
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nomoto
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yasumoto
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D018196:Carcinoma, Adenosquamous / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D018664:Interleukin-12 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D016676:Macrophages, Alveolar / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000096:biosynthesis; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000096:biosynthesis; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D007375:Interleukin-1; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; C052994:interleukin-1beta (163-171); D018664:Interleukin-12; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D007371:Interferon-gamma