title: Phase I chemotherapy study of biochemical modulation of folinic acid and fluorouracil by gemcitabine in patients with solid tumor malignancies.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This phase I biochemical modulation study evaluated the maximum-tolerated dose (MTD), toxicity, and effectiveness of the combination of folinic acid (FA)/fluorouracil (5-FU) followed by escalated dose levels of gemcitabine (FFG) in patients with advanced solid tumors.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients were refractory to primary treatment and/or without effective treatment options. Twenty-eight patients received an intravenous (IV) infusion of FA 100 mg/m(2) over 1 hour and a 5-FU 450 mg/m(2) IV bolus in the middle of the FA infusion. After the FA infusion, gemcitabine was administered at a steady rate of infusion of 10 mg/m(2)/min over initially 30 minutes and with increases of an additional 15 minutes at each given level. One cycle consisted of six weekly treatments followed by a 2-week rest.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The MTD of gemcitabine was established at 900 mg/m(2) given over 90 minutes. Eight patients of 21 with metastatic colorectal cancer achieved responses (one complete response; seven partial responses), for a response rate of 38%. Responses were seen across the gemcitabine doses of 300 to 900 mg/m(2). One patient had prior treatment with FA/5-FU for advanced disease. Patients with colorectal carcinoma had a median survival of 18 months, and the patient with lung carcinoma has been alive for 24+ months.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The combination chemotherapy of FFG was well tolerated and may benefit patients with advanced colorectal carcinoma. A phase II evaluation in this patient population is in progress.
authors.affiliation: University Hospital and Medical Center, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY, USA.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Madajewicz
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hentschel
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Burns
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Caruso
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fiore
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fried
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Malhotra
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ostrow
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sugarman
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Viola
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000188:drug therapy*; D003841:Deoxycytidine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D004357:Drug Synergism; D005260:Female; D005472:Fluorouracil / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans; D002955:Leucovorin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy*; D009503:Neutropenia / Q000139:chemically induced
chemical_list: D003841:Deoxycytidine; D002955:Leucovorin; D005472:Fluorouracil