title: Apoptotic responsiveness of the Ewing's sarcoma family of tumours to tumour necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL).
abstract: We investigated the cytotoxic responsiveness of 40 cell lines derived from representatives of the Ewing's sarcoma family of tumours (ESFT), i.e., Ewing's sarcoma (ES), peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumour (pPNET) and Askin tumour (AT), to tumour necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL). Incubation with TRAIL at 100 ng/ml induced cell death at 24 hr in 19 of 26 ES, 11 of 12 pPNET and 2 of 2 AT cell lines. Half-maximal cell death concentrations (IC(50) values) varied from 0.1 to 20 ng/ml. TRAIL displayed potent cytotoxic activity against freshly derived ESFT cell isolates. Cytotoxicity was associated with phosphatidylserine expression and internucleosomal DNA fragmentation, features characteristic of apoptosis. The apoptotic programme in the sensitive ESFT VH-64 cell line revealed TRAIL-induced activation of FLICE/MACH1 (caspase-8) and CPP32/Yama/apopain (caspase-3) and processing of the prototype caspase substrate poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase. In addition, TRAIL provoked a collapse of the mitochondrial transmembrane potential (DeltaPsi(m)), parallelled by a reduction in ATP levels and release of cytochrome c from mitochondria into the cytosol. Inhibition of caspase-8 and caspase-3 by zIETDfmk and zDEVDfmk, respectively, substantially prevented TRAIL-induced apoptosis. However, zIETDfmk, but not zDEVDfmk, reduced TRAIL-mediated DeltaPsi(m) dissipation, indicating that TRAIL causes mitochondrial dysfunction through caspase-8 acting upstream of mitochondria. While macromolecule synthesis inhibitors (actinomycin D, cycloheximide) augmented susceptibility to TRAIL in TRAIL-responsive cell lines, these agents did not render TRAIL-resistant cell lines susceptible to TRAIL. However, the proteasome inhibitor MG132 sensitised to TRAIL in resistant cell lines. Collectively, these results show that TRAIL initiates effective death in the vast majority (80%) of cell lines derived from ESFT. Since TRAIL provoked cell death in ESFT ex vivo, this cytokine may be a promising drug for the treatment of ESFT in vivo.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Experimental Orthopaedic Research, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Westfälische-Wilhelms University, Münster, Germany. valen@uni-muenster.de
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Van Valen
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fulda
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Truckenbrod
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Eckervogt
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sonnemann
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hillmann
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rödl
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hoffmann
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Winkelmann
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Schäfer
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Dockhorn-Dworniczak
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wessel
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Boos
authors.forename: K M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Debatin
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Jürgens
mesh_terms: D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000378:metabolism; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins; D001859:Bone Neoplasms; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D003574:Cytochrome c Group / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D007425:Intracellular Membranes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology / Q000502:physiology; D007700:Kinetics; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000633:toxicity*; D008564:Membrane Potentials / Q000187:drug effects; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000473:pathology / Q000502:physiology; D018242:Neuroectodermal Tumors, Primitive; D012512:Sarcoma, Ewing; D053221:TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins; D003574:Cytochrome c Group; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D053221:TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand; C505653:TNFSF10 protein, human; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate