title: Vasoproliferative tumours of the retina.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Vasoproliferative tumours of the retina (VPTR) are benign tumours of unknown origin, occurring mostly in otherwise healthy patients. VPTR may be associated with other chorioretinal diseases, such as uveitis. The tumours, which histologically represent reactive gliovascular proliferations, are characterised by a pink to yellow appearance on funduscopy and are accompanied by exudative and haemorrhagic changes of the retina.
  
  
  METHODS
  22 cases of VPTR in 21 patients were examined with a follow up period between 1 month and 6 years. Ophthalmological changes associated with VPTR were intraretinal and subretinal exudations (n=18), exudative detachments of the surrounding sensory retina (n=13), intraretinal and subretinal haemorrhages (n=10), exudative changes within the macula (n=10), hyperpigmentation of the retinal pigment epithelium at the border of the exudative retinal changes (n=9), and vitreous haemorrhages (n=4). Tumour biopsy was performed in two cases. Treatment consisted of plaque radiotherapy (n=14), plaque radiotherapy and cryotherapy (two), cryotherapy only (two), observation (three), and enucleation in one case of a blind and painful eye.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Regression of the tumour and the associated exudative changes could be observed in all treated cases. Visual acuity at last follow up improved two lines or more in two cases, remained within two lines of the initial visual acuity in 15 cases, and worsened in the remaining five. Histopathological examination of the biopsy specimens and the tumour of the enucleated eye showed massive capillary proliferation with perivascular spindle-shaped glial cells of retinal origin.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The correct diagnosis of VPTR is of importance as these lesions may lead to visual loss. Further, VPTR must be differentiated from angiomas associated with von Hippel-Lindau disease as well as from ocular and systemic malignancies. Regression of tumour thickness and associated retinal changes can be achieved with brachytherapy or cryotherapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Benjamin Franklin, Free University, Berlin, Germany. hemann@ukbf.fu-berlin.de
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Heimann
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Bornfeld
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Vij
authors.forename: S E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Coupland
authors.forename: N E
authors.initials: NE
authors.lastname: Bechrakis
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Kellner
authors.forename: M H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Foerster
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001918:Brachytherapy; D003452:Cryosurgery; D005260:Female; D005451:Fluorescein Angiography; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005654:Fundus Oculi; D006391:Hemangioma / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019572:Retinal Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014792:Visual Acuity