title: Research on factors allowing a risk assessment of spore-forming pathogenic bacteria in cooked chilled foods containing vegetables: a FAIR collaborative project.
abstract: Vegetables are frequent ingredients of cooked chilled foods and are frequently contaminated with spore-forming bacteria (SFB). Therefore, risk assessment studies have been carried out, including the following: hazard identification and characterisation--from an extensive literature review and expertise of the participants, B. cereus and C. botulinum were identified as the main hazards; exposure assessment--consisting of determination of the prevalence of hazardous SFB in cooked chilled foods containing vegetables and in unprocessed vegetables, and identification of SFB representative of the bacterial community in cooked chilled foods containing vegetables, determination of heat-resistance parameters and factors affecting heat resistance of SFB, determination of the growth kinetics of SFB in vegetable substrate and of the influence of controlling factors, validation of previous work in complex food systems and by challenge testing and information about process and storage conditions of cooked chilled foods containing vegetables. The paper illustrates some original results obtained in the course of the project. The results and information collected from scientific literature or from the expertise of the participants are integrated into the microbial risk assessment, using both a Bayesian belief network approach and a process risk model approach, previously applied to other foodborne hazards.
authors.affiliation: lnstitut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité de Technologie des Produits, Végétaux, Avignon, France. frederic.carlin@avignon.inra.fr
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Carlin
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Girardin
authors.forename: M W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Peck
authors.forename: S C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Stringer
authors.forename: G C
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Barker
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Martinez
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fernandez
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Fernandez
authors.forename: W M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Waites
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Movahedi
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: van Leusden
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nauta
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Moezelaar
authors.forename: M D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Torre
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Litman
mesh_terms: D001409:Bacillus cereus / Q000254:growth & development / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000502:physiology*; D001499:Bayes Theorem; D003014:Clostridium botulinum / Q000254:growth & development / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000502:physiology*; D003080:Cold Temperature; D004781:Environmental Exposure; D005511:Food Handling / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards; D005516:Food Microbiology; D005519:Food Preservation / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards; D005517:Foodborne Diseases / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006358:Hot Temperature; D006801:Humans; D008954:Models, Biological; D009010:Monte Carlo Method; D018570:Risk Assessment / Q000379:methods; D012307:Risk Factors; D013171:Spores, Bacterial / Q000254:growth & development / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000502:physiology; D013997:Time Factors; D014675:Vegetables / Q000382:microbiology*