title: Theoretical analysis of ablation depths and profiles in laser in situ keratomileusis for compound hyperopic and mixed astigmatism.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the theoretical ablation depths and profiles of 4 treatment strategies for compound hyperopic and mixed astigmatism.
  
  
  METHODS
  Theoretical analysis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Corneal contour drawings of theoretical corneal ablation profiles during laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) and photoastigmatic refractive keratectomy were made. The depths of tissue ablation in 4 treatment strategies for compound hyperopic astigmatism (Groups 1 to 4) and for mixed astigmatism (Groups 5 to 8) were compared: (1) combined hyperopic spherical and myopic cylindrical treatments (Groups 1 and 5); (2) combined spherical and hyperopic cylindrical treatments (Groups 2 and 6); (3) combined cylindrical treatments (Groups 3 and 7); (4) combined cross-cylinder and spherical equivalent treatments (Groups 4 and 8).
  
  
  RESULTS
  In compound hyperopic astigmatism, the 4 approaches resulted in identical final curvatures, but the ablation depths were greatest in Group 1 (combined hyperopic spherical and myopic cylindrical treatments). The smallest amount of ablation occurred in Group 2 (combined hyperopic spherical and hyperopic cylindrical treatments) and Group 3 (combined hyperopic cylindrical treatments), which had similar tissue ablation patterns. In mixed astigmatism, the greatest ablation depth was in Group 5, followed by Group 8, and Groups 6 and 7. The tissue ablation depths and profiles were similar in Groups 6 and 7.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The treatment approaches in Groups 2, 3, 6, and 7 (which avoided the use of minus cylinder) resulted in the smallest degree of stromal ablation. Patients with compound hyperopic or mixed astigmatism may benefit from reduced ablation depths by deferring treatment until hyperopic cylindrical and/or combined cylindrical treatments are available.
authors.affiliation: Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA. dazar@meei.harvard.edu
authors.forename: D T
authors.initials: DT
authors.lastname: Azar
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Primack
mesh_terms: D001251:Astigmatism / Q000601:surgery*; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D003315:Cornea / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D006956:Hyperopia / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery*; D020731:Keratomileusis, Laser In Situ / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D012029:Refraction, Ocular; D015203:Reproducibility of Results