title: Differences in prognostic factors and outcomes between women and men undergoing coronary artery stenting.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Women with coronary artery disease (CAD) are believed to have a higher risk for adverse outcomes than men after conventional coronary interventions. The increasing use of coronary stenting has improved the outcome of patients undergoing coronary interventions, but little is known about the nature of outcomes in men vs women after this procedure.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To examine whether there are sex-based differences in prognostic factors and in early and late outcomes among CAD patients undergoing coronary stent placement.
  
  
  METHODS
  Inception cohort study, at 2 tertiary referral institutions in Germany. Consecutive series of 1001 women and 3263 men with symptomatic CAD who were treated with stenting between May 1992 and December 1998. Patients who underwent stenting in the setting of acute myocardial infarction were excluded.
  
  
  METHODS
  The combined event rates of death and nonfatal myocardial infarction, assessed at 30 days and 1 year after stenting and compared by sex.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with men, women undergoing coronary stenting were significantly older (mean age, 69 vs 63 years) and more likely to present with diabetes, arterial hypertension, or hypercholesterolemia. Women had less extensive CAD, a less frequent history of myocardial infarction and better preserved left ventricular function than men. Women presented an excess risk of death or nonfatal myocardial infarction only during the early period after stenting: the 30-day combined event rate of death or myocardial infarction was 3.1% in women and 1.8% in men (P =.02) and the multivariate-adjusted hazard ratio (HR) for women was 2.02 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.27-3.19). At 1 year, the outcome was similar for both women and men (combined event rate for women, 6.0%, and for men, 5.8% (P =.77); multivariate-adjusted HR for women, 1.06 [95% CI, 0.75-1.48]). There was a sex difference in the prognostic value of baseline characteristics: the strongest prognostic factors were diabetes in women and age in men.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of this study indicate that 1-year outcomes of women with CAD undergoing coronary artery stenting are similar to those of men. Despite the similarity in outcomes, there are several sex-specific differences in baseline characteristics, clinical course after the intervention, and relative weight of prognostic factors. JAMA. 2000;284:1799-1805.
authors.affiliation: Deutsches Herzzentrum, Lazarettstr 36, 80636 Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mehilli
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kastrati
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dirschinger
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Bollwein
authors.forename: F J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Neumann
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Schömig
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000787:Angina Pectoris / Q000150:complications / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy*; D015906:Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary; D015331:Cohort Studies; D017023:Coronary Angiography; D005260:Female; D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D011379:Prognosis; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D015607:Stents; D016019:Survival Analysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents