title: Adult adenovirus infections: loss of orphaned vaccines precipitates military respiratory disease epidemics. For the Adenovirus Surveillance Group.
abstract: Adenovirus vaccines have greatly reduced military respiratory disease morbidity since the 1970s. However, in 1995, for economic reasons, the sole manufacturer of these vaccines ceased production. A population-based adenovirus surveillance was established among trainees with acute respiratory illness at 4 US military training centers as the last stores of vaccines were depleted. From October 1996 to June 1998, 1814 (53.1%) of 3413 throat cultures for symptomatic trainees (78% men) yielded adenovirus. Adenovirus types 4, 7, 3, and 21 accounted for 57%, 25%, 9%, and 7% of the isolates, respectively. Unvaccinated trainees were much more likely than vaccinated trainees to be positive for types 4 or 7 (odds ratio [OR] = 28.1; 95% CI, 20.2-39.2). Two training centers experienced epidemics of respiratory disease affecting thousands of trainees when vaccines were not available. Until a new manufacturer is identified, the loss of orphaned adenovirus vaccines will result in thousands of additional preventable adenovirus infections.
authors.affiliation: Department of Defense Center for Deployment Health Research, Naval Health Research Center, San Diego, CA 92186-5122, USA. Gray@nhrc. navy.mil
authors.forename: G C
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Gray
authors.forename: P R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Goswami
authors.forename: M D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Malasig
authors.forename: A W
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Hawksworth
authors.forename: D H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Trump
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Ryan
authors.forename: D P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Schnurr
mesh_terms: D000258:Adenovirus Infections, Human / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000821:virology; D000260:Adenoviruses, Human / Q000276:immunology / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D000328:Adult; D004196:Disease Outbreaks; D006801:Humans; D008889:Military Personnel; D011159:Population Surveillance; D012141:Respiratory Tract Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000821:virology; D013997:Time Factors; D014765:Viral Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000191:economics
chemical_list: D014765:Viral Vaccines