title: Intensive medical management of ureteral calculi.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare two treatment regimens in patients with ureteral calculi. One regimen (control arm) used routine drugs, and the second regimen (treatment arm) used the same routine drugs plus uncommonly used drugs.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between February and October 1998, 70 consecutive patients were evaluated for symptomatic ureteral calculi. Thirty-five patients were randomized to a control arm and received ketorolac, oxycodone, and acetaminophen combination tablets and prochlorperazine suppositories. Thirty-five patients were randomized to the treatment arm and received the same medications plus nifedipine XL, prednisone, and trimethoprim/sulfa combination tablets and plain acetaminophen. Stone passage rates, work days lost, emergency room visits, surgical interventions, and possible side effects of the drugs were recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The treatment arm (addition of nifedipine XL, prednisone, trimethoprim/sulfa, and plain acetaminophen) had higher (86% versus 56%) stone passage rates and fewer lost work days (mean 1.76 versus 4.9), emergency room visits (1 versus 4), and surgical interventions (2 versus 15). Both arms exhibited similar potential drug side effects.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The addition of a calcium channel blocking agent, steroids, antibiotics, and more acetaminophen effected a higher stone passage rate and fewer lost work days, emergency room visits, and surgical interventions.
authors.affiliation: Metropolitan Hospital, Grand Rapids, Michigan, USA.
authors.forename: J T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Cooper
authors.forename: G M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Stack
authors.forename: T P
authors.initials: TP
authors.lastname: Cooper
mesh_terms: D000041:Absenteeism; D000082:Acetaminophen / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000892:Anti-Infective Agents, Urinary / Q000008:administration & dosage; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D006801:Humans; D020910:Ketorolac / Q000008:administration & dosage; D009543:Nifedipine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D010098:Oxycodone / Q000008:administration & dosage; D011241:Prednisone / Q000008:administration & dosage; D011346:Prochlorperazine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D013488:Suppositories; D015662:Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination / Q000008:administration & dosage; D014514:Ureteral Calculi / Q000628:therapy*
chemical_list: D000892:Anti-Infective Agents, Urinary; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers; D013488:Suppositories; D000082:Acetaminophen; D015662:Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination; D010098:Oxycodone; D009543:Nifedipine; D011241:Prednisone; D011346:Prochlorperazine; D020910:Ketorolac