title: Biocompatibility of electroactive polymers in tissues.
abstract: The biocompatibility of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVAc), polyethylene (PE), and polyaniline (PANi) films in the emeraldine (EM), nigraniline (NA) and leucoemeraldine (LM) intrinsic oxidation states were assessed through subcutaneous implantation into male Sprague-Dawley rats beneath the dorsal skin, for a period ranging from 19 to 90 weeks. Histological examination, interstitial pressure measurement, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were employed to determine the biocompatibility of the polymers. The polymers did not provoke inflammatory responses in the subcutaneous tissues over the entire implantation period. Characteristics features associated with tissue-implant incompatibility were not evident near the implantation. Interstitial pressure was measured to evaluate the development of tissue. Low interstitial pressure readings on the region of implantation confirmed the biocompatibility of these polymer types. The surface composition of the electroactive aniline polymers before and after the implantation was characterized by XPS.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, National University of Singapore, 10 Kent Ridge Crescent, Singapore 119260.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kamalesh
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: E T
authors.initials: ET
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.forename: C H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000814:Aniline Compounds; D000818:Animals; D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D062109:Dermatologic Surgical Procedures; D005110:Extracellular Space / Q000502:physiology; D020007:Implants, Experimental; D008297:Male; D008365:Manometry / Q000379:methods; D008422:Materials Testing; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D020959:Polyethylene; D011108:Polymers; D011145:Polyvinyls; D011312:Pressure; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012867:Skin / Q000473:pathology*; D012879:Skin Physiological Phenomena / Q000187:drug effects; D013052:Spectrometry, X-Ray Emission
chemical_list: D000814:Aniline Compounds; D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D011108:Polymers; D011145:Polyvinyls; C416807:polyaniline; C016438:ethylenevinylacetate copolymer; D020959:Polyethylene