title: Integrin-linked kinase (ILK): a "hot" therapeutic target.
abstract: Integrin-mediated cell adhesion is known to regulate gene expression through the activation of transcription factors. We have recently revealed that these activations are mediated through integrin-linked kinase (ILK). ILK is an ankyrin repeat-containing serine-threonine protein kinase that can interact directly with the cytoplasmic domain of the beta1 and beta3 integrin subunits and whose kinase activity is modulated by cell-extracellular matrix interactions. We have shown that ILK overexpression results in the translocation of beta-catenin to the nucleus, which then forms a complex formation with the lymphoid enhancer binding factor 1 (LEF-1) transcription factor, subsequently activating the transcriptional activity of promoters containing LEF-1 response elements. ILK phosphorylates the glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3), which inhibits GSK-3 activity. We have demonstrated that ILK stimulates activator protein-1 transcriptional activity through GSK-3 and the subsequent regulation of the c-Jun-DNA interaction. ILK also phosphorylates protein kinase B (PKB/Akt) and stimulates its activity. We have shown that ILK is an upstream effector of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-dependent regulation of PKB/Akt. ILK has been shown to phosphorylate PKB/Akt on Ser-473 in vitro and in vivo. Our results clearly indicate that ILK is a key element in the regulation of integrin signaling as well as growth factor and Wnt signaling pathways. PTEN (phosphatase and tensin homolog detected on chromosome 10) is a tumor suppressor gene located on chromosome 10q23 that encodes a protein and phospholipid phosphatase. It is now estimated that inactivation mutants of PTEN exist in 60% of all forms of solid tumors. Loss of expression or mutational inactivation of PTEN leads to the constitutive activation of PKB/Akt via enhanced phosphorylation of Thr-308 and Ser-473. We have demonstrated that the activity of ILK is constitutively elevated in PTEN mutant cells. A small molecule ILK inhibitor suppresses the phosphorylation of PKB at the Ser-473 but not the Thr-308 site in the PTEN mutant cells. These results indicate that inhibition of ILK may be of significant value in solid tumor therapy.
authors.affiliation: Kinetek Pharmaceuticals Inc., Vancouver, BC V6P6P2, Canada. nathan@kinetekpharm.com
authors.forename: T N
authors.initials: TN
authors.lastname: Yoganathan
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Costello
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jabali
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Leung
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yee
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dedhar
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sanghera
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000502:physiology; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D016023:Integrins / Q000502:physiology*; D010749:Phosphoprotein Phosphatases / Q000378:metabolism; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology*; D000099200:Scaffold Protein ILK
chemical_list: D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D016023:Integrins; D010749:Phosphoprotein Phosphatases; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D000099200:Scaffold Protein ILK