Epidemiology, diagnosis, and management of cardiac disease in chronic renal disease.
There is an extremely high burden of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in patients with renal disease. Both traditional as well as uremia-related factors are contributory. Diagnosis of CVD has limitations in patients with renal disease, and suspicion for the presence of CVD needs to be high even in the absence of classic symptoms. Prevention and management of CVD is similar to the general population but important differences need to be noted.
Sarnak
M J
MJ
Division of Nephrology, New England Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02111, USA. msarnak@lifespan.org
Levey
A S
AS
D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D002908:Chronic Disease; D019468:Disease Management; D006801:Humans; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006435:Renal Dialysis / Q000401:mortality; D012307:Risk Factors