title: Partial hepatectomy and laparoscopic-guided liver biopsy in rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta): novel approach for study of liver regeneration.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Although valuable information has been gained using a rodent partial hepatectomy model to assess liver regeneration, the ability to apply this research to humans remains uncertain. Thus, liver regeneration was assessed in a non-human primate, the rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta).
  
  
  METHODS
  One animal underwent 60% hepatectomy, a second animal underwent 30% hepatectomy, and control surgery (cholecystectomy) was performed on two separate animals. Laparoscopic-guided liver biopsy was performed on days 1, 2, 7, 14, and 30 after surgery. Changes in hemoglobin concentration and alanine transaminase activity were assessed, and liver regeneration was evaluated by measuring the expression of Ki-67.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All animals survived surgery and laparoscopy. Substantial liver regeneration was induced in the animal that underwent 60% hepatectomy. Excellent tissue specimens were obtained via laparoscopic-assisted liver biopsy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Sixty percent partial hepatectomy in rhesus macaques appears to be an excellent model for the study of hepatocellular regeneration. The procedure was safe, and effectively induced liver regeneration. In addition, laparoscopic-guided liver biopsy allows observation of changes in the liver remnant as regeneration develops, and provides excellent tissue specimens for analysis. Thus, this rhesus macaque partial hepatectomy model will allow further characterization of liver regeneration in a species closer to humans.
authors.affiliation: Tulane University Medical School, Department of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA.
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Gaglio
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Baskin
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bohm
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Blanchard
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Dunne
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Davidson
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dash
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001706:Biopsy / Q000662:veterinary*; D006498:Hepatectomy / Q000662:veterinary*; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen / Q000032:analysis; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000662:veterinary*; D008099:Liver / Q000737:chemistry / Q000166:cytology*; D008115:Liver Regeneration; D008253:Macaca mulatta; D008297:Male; D023421:Models, Animal; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D019394:Ki-67 Antigen