title: Prognostic significance of peri-operative blood transfusion following radical resection for oesophageal carcinoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Peri-operative allogeneic blood transfusion may exert an immunomodulatory effect and has been associated with early recurrence and decreased survival following resection for several gastro-intestinal malignancies. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prognostic influence of transfusion requirements following radical oesophagectomy for cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  A consecutive series of 235 patients undergoing subtotal oesophagectomy with two-field lymphadenectomy in a single centre from April 1990 to June 1999 were studied.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The median age was 64 years (30-79) with a male to female ratio of 3:1. The predominant histological subtype was adenocarcinoma (n = 154) compared to squamous carcinoma (n = 81). To avoid the influence of surgical complications data were excluded from the 5.5% of patients suffering in-hospital mortality. In the remaining patients, median blood loss was 900 ml (200-5500) with 46% (103/222) requiring transfusion (median 3 units, range 2-21). Median survival of non-transfused patients was 36 months compared to only 19 months for those receiving transfusion (log-rank = 4.44; 1 df, P = 0.0352). Non-transfused patients had significantly higher 2 and 5-year survival rates of 62% and 41% respectively in contrast to only 40% and 25% in those receiving blood transfusion. Even after stratification of results according to disease stage or the presence of major complications, survival was significantly worse in those receiving transfusion. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that in addition to nodal status, > 4 units transfusion was an independent prognostic indicator.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Post-operative transfusion is associated with a significantly worse prognosis following radical oesophagectomy. Meticulous haemostasis and avoidance of unnecessary transfusion may prove oncologically beneficial.
authors.affiliation: Northern Oesophago-Gastric Cancer Unit, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Dresner
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Lamb
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Shenfine
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hayes
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Griffin
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000276:immunology / Q000601:surgery; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000276:immunology / Q000601:surgery; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000276:immunology* / Q000601:surgery*; D016629:Esophagectomy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007108:Immune Tolerance; D007121:Immunocompetence; D008197:Lymph Node Excision; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019990:Perioperative Care / Q000379:methods*; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D016019:Survival Analysis; D065227:Transfusion Reaction; D016896:Treatment Outcome