title: Connective tissue activating peptide III expression disappears progressively with increased dysplasia in human cervical epithelium.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to explore the possible involvement of CTAP-III in the development of cervical cancer as it progresses through several cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) stages.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-four cervical specimens were obtained by direct punch biopsy, conization, or hysterectomy. Diagnosis of CIN I to CIN III was based on standard morphological criteria in 12 specimens. Tissue specimens were also obtained from 4 normal uteri and 8 cases of invasive squamous cell cervical carcinoma. RT-PCR, using CTAP-III-specific primers, was used to identify CTAP-III mRNA and polyclonal antibodies, directed against the N-terminus of CTAP-III, for immunostaining of the CTAP-III protein.
  
  
  RESULTS
  RT-PCR yielded amplified fragments in RNA derived from normal cervical tissue, while no PCR product was detected in the invasive cervical carcinoma tissue. The PCR product corresponded to a CTAP-III plasmid PCR product. Both tissues expressed the same amounts of GAPDH mRNA as the control for the integrity and equal amounts of the isolated RNA. In each of the 16 specimens of normal cervices and of CIN tissues, epithelial cells were stained with the anti-CTAP-III antibodies. In normal epithelium, CTAP-III staining was homogeneously distributed in all epithelial layers, except in the highly active and proliferating basal cells. CTAP-III was localized at the epithelial cell membrane or between adjacent epithelial cells in a granular, chain-like pattern of staining. In the CIN specimens, CTAP-III staining was no longer seen in the deep epithelial layers, consistent with the dysplastic appearance of the cells, and remained in the seemingly normal superficial epithelial layers. Cells of invasive cervical carcinoma did not stain for CTAP-III and were detected in endothelial cells of capillary blood vessels.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The specific localization of CTAP-III between adjacent epithelial cells suggests a possible role of this chemokine in maintaining the normal architecture of epithelial tissues. Its progressive disappearance in increasingly severe CIN may be applied to distinguish between specific stages in the progression of cervical carcinoma.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gynecology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Grisaru
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Vlodavsky
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Prus
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Levavi
authors.forename: J B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Lessing
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Eldor
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Friedmann
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D001779:Blood Coagulation Factors / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D002584:Cervix Uteri / Q000378:metabolism; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D010455:Peptides; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D012016:Reference Values; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D002578:Uterine Cervical Dysplasia / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D001779:Blood Coagulation Factors; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D010455:Peptides; D012333:RNA, Messenger; C009862:connective tissue-activating peptide; C018329:low affinity platelet factor 4