title: Tacrolimus-associated mutism after orthotopic liver transplantation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Mutism/speech apraxia has been well documented as a toxic effect of cyclosporine after liver transplantation but has been reported only rarely with tacrolimus. Brain imaging with magnetic resonance or computed tomography has failed to demonstrate abnormalities in affected patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  We present the first example of an acute onset of loss of speech associated with a sudden elevation of serum tacrolimus level after successful orthotopic liver transplantation. We also describe the positron emission tomography (PET) scan of this patient's brain.
  
  
  RESULTS
  PET scan imaging of the brain was abnormal, demonstrating decreased metabolism in the posterior temporo-parieto-occipital regions. Statistical probability mapping revealed additional areas of hypometabolism in the cingulate gyrus.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PET scan revealed abnormalities of the brain in a patient with tacrolimus-induced mutism. The cingulate gyrus may play a role in the mutism/speech apraxia syndrome seen with cyclosporine/tacrolimus neurotoxicity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Recanati/Miller Transplantation Institute, New York, New York, USA.
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Bronster
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gurkan
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Buchsbaum
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Emre
mesh_terms: D001921:Brain / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D006801:Humans; D016031:Liver Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009155:Mutism / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000209:etiology*; D016559:Tacrolimus / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000097:blood; D014055:Tomography, Emission-Computed
chemical_list: D016559:Tacrolimus