title: The alpha-ketoisocaproate catabolism in human and rat livers.
abstract: Catabolism of alpha-ketoisocaproate in liver is mediated by cytosolic alpha-ketoisocaproate dioxygenase (KICD) and mitochondrial branched-chain alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase complex (BCKDC). The latter is believed to be involved in the main pathway of the KIC catabolism. In the present study, we measured the activities of KICD and BCKDC in human and rat livers. The KICD activity in human liver was 0.9 mU/g tissue, which was 14.2% of the total activity of BCKDC, and that in rat liver was 4.2 mU/g tissue, which was only 1.0% of the total activity, suggesting that KICD in human liver plays a relatively important role in the alpha-ketoisocaproate catabolism. The KICD activity in human liver was significantly increased by cirrhosis. In rat liver, the enzyme activity was markedly increased by physical training and streptozotocin-induced diabetes, but not by feeding of a diet rich in branched-chain amino acids, although BCKDC activity was increased by feeding of the diet.
authors.affiliation: Department of Sports Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nakai
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ishigure
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nonami
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nagasaki
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Obayashi
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Fujitsuka
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Murakami
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shimomura
mesh_terms: D042942:3-Methyl-2-Oxobutanoate Dehydrogenase (Lipoamide); D000597:Amino Acids, Branched-Chain / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism; D049308:Dioxygenases; D005260:Female; D005355:Fibrosis / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007651:Keto Acids / Q000378:metabolism*; D007658:Ketone Oxidoreductases / Q000378:metabolism; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009097:Multienzyme Complexes / Q000378:metabolism; D010105:Oxygenases / Q000378:metabolism*; D010805:Physical Conditioning, Animal / Q000502:physiology; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley
chemical_list: D000597:Amino Acids, Branched-Chain; D007651:Keto Acids; D009097:Multienzyme Complexes; C013082:alpha-ketoisocaproic acid; D010105:Oxygenases; D049308:Dioxygenases; C034776:alpha-ketoisocaproate oxygenase; D007658:Ketone Oxidoreductases; D042942:3-Methyl-2-Oxobutanoate Dehydrogenase (Lipoamide)