title: Sexually transmitted diseases among female prisoners in Brazil: prevalence and risk factors.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) have become an important medical problem in prisons.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine the prevalence of and risk factors for STDs among female inmates in a Brazilian prison.
  
  
  METHODS
  All female prisoners at the Espírito Santo State Prison were offered enrollment in this cross-sectional study. An interview exploring demographics, criminal charges, and risk behavior was conducted. Blood and genital specimens were collected for STD testing.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 122 eligible women, 121 (99%) agreed to participate. Prevalence rates were: HIV 9.9%, human T-cell lymphotrophic virus type I 4.1%, hepatitis B virus 7.4%, hepatitis C virus 19%, syphilis 16%, gonorrhea 7.6%, chlamydial infection 11%, human papillomavirus-related cytologic changes 9.3%, trichomoniasis 30%, and bacterial vaginosis 15%. Previous or current drug abuse (54%), injection drug use (11%), and blood transfusion (16%) were associated with at least one STD. Condom use was infrequent.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The prevalence of STDs and of behaviors leading to ongoing transmission are high among female inmates in Vitória, Brazil, and demonstrate the potential importance of prevention activities targeting this population.
authors.affiliation: Infectious Diseases Unit, Federal University of Espírito Santo State, Brazil. espinosa@tropical.com.br
authors.forename: A E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Miranda
authors.forename: P M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Vargas
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: St Louis
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Viana
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001803:Blood Transfusion / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D001938:Brazil / Q000453:epidemiology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015995:Prevalence; D011329:Prisoners / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012307:Risk Factors; D012749:Sexually Transmitted Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D015819:Substance Abuse, Intravenous / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D065227:Transfusion Reaction; D016387:Women's Health