title: Lipopolysaccharide induces physical proximity between CD14 and toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) prior to nuclear translocation of NF-kappa B.
abstract: CD14, a GPI-linked protein, plays a pivotal role in LPS-mediated signaling by potentiating leukocyte adherence, activation, and cytokine production. Recent studies have identified the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) as a membrane cofactor in LPS-mediated transmembrane signaling in cytokine induction, although the mechanism responsible for this cooperation is unknown. Using fluorescence resonance energy transfer (RET) techniques, we demonstrate that LPS triggers a physical association between CD14 and TLR4. Because LPS stimulation upregulates CD14 and TLR4 expression, it was necessary to control for the possibility that these newly expressed molecules were associated with one another independent of LPS stimulation. Although the calcium ionophore A23187 increased the expression of CD14 and TLR4, they did not exhibit energy transfer. However, following A23187 treatment, LPS promoted physical proximity between CD14 and TLR4. Therefore, we suggest that a close interaction between CD14 and TLR4 participates in LPS signaling, leading to nuclear translocation of NF-kappaB.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA.
authors.forename: Q
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Akashi
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Miyake
authors.forename: H R
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Petty
mesh_terms: D001692:Biological Transport / Q000276:immunology; D002448:Cell Adhesion / Q000276:immunology; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D029721:Drosophila Proteins; D004735:Energy Transfer; D006801:Humans; D018950:Lipopolysaccharide Receptors / Q000378:metabolism*; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000378:metabolism*; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D009000:Monocytes / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism*; D011485:Protein Binding / Q000276:immunology; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000276:immunology; D013050:Spectrometry, Fluorescence; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D029721:Drosophila Proteins; D018950:Lipopolysaccharide Receptors; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D016328:NF-kappa B; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; C495345:TLR4 protein, human; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors