Effectiveness of nifedipine and deflazacort in the management of distal ureter stones.
OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the effectiveness of medical therapy during watchful waiting in patients with distal ureter stones.


METHODS
Ninety-six patients with radiopaque stones located in the distal tract of the ureter and with stone sizes of 1 cm or smaller were involved in the study. The patients were randomly divided into two groups. Group A (n = 48) received oral treatment with 30 mg of deflazacort daily (maximum 10 days) plus 30 mg of slow-release nifedipine daily (maximum 4 weeks). Group B (n = 48) underwent a wait-and-watch approach. Both groups of patients were allowed to use diclofenac on demand. Statistical analyses were carried out using Student's t test, the chi-square test, and Fisher's exact test.


RESULTS
The average stone size was 5.8 +/- 1.8 mm for group A and 5. 5 +/- 1.4 mm for group B. No statistically significant difference was found in stone size. Stone expulsion was observed in 38 (79%) of 48 patients in group A and in 17 (35%) of 48 patients in group B. The average expulsion time was 7 days (range 2 to 10) for group A and 20 days (range 10 to 28) for group B. A statistically significant difference was observed in both the expulsion rate and the expulsion time (P <0.05). The mean amount of sodium diclofenac used was 15 mg per patient for group A and 105 mg per patient for group B (P <0.05).


CONCLUSIONS
The medical treatment proved to be effective and safe, as demonstrated by the increased stone expulsion rate, decreased expulsion time, and reduced need for analgesic therapy.
Porpiglia
F
F
Divisione Universitaria di Urologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Biologiche, Azienda Ospedaliera S. Luigi, Orbassano, Turin, Italy.
Destefanis
P
P
Fiori
C
C
Fontana
D
D
D000284:Administration, Oral; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001145:Arrhythmias, Cardiac / Q000139:chemically induced; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007022:Hypotension / Q000139:chemically induced; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009543:Nifedipine / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011282:Pregnenediones / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D014514:Ureteral Calculi / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology
D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers; D011282:Pregnenediones; D009543:Nifedipine; C021988:deflazacort