title: Tall stature in familial glucocorticoid deficiency.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Familial glucocorticoid deficiency (FGD) has frequently been associated with tall stature in affected individuals. The clinical, biochemical and genetic features of five such patients were studied with the aim of clarifying the underlying mechanisms of excessive growth in these patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Five patients with a clinical diagnosis of FGD are described in whom the disorder resulted from a variety of novel or previously described missense or nonsense mutations of the ACTH receptor (MC2-R). All patients demonstrated excessive linear growth over that predicted from parental indices and increased head circumference.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Growth hormone and IGF-I-values were normal. Growth charts suggest that the excessive growth is reduced to normal following the introduction of glucocorticoid replacement. A characteristic facial appearance including hypertelorism, marked epicanthic folds and prominent frontal bossing was noted.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings indicate that ACTH resistance resulting from a defective ACTH receptor may be associated with abnormalities of cartilage and/or bone growth independently of the GH-IGF-I axis, but probably dependent on ACTH actions through other melanocortin receptors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, St Bartholomew's and the Royal London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, UK.
authors.forename: L L
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Elias
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Huebner
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Metherell
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Canas
authors.forename: G L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Warne
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Bitti
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cianfarani
authors.forename: P E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Clayton
authors.forename: M O
authors.initials: MO
authors.lastname: Savage
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Clark
mesh_terms: D000324:Adrenocorticotropic Hormone / Q000097:blood; D000365:Age Determination by Skeleton; D001827:Body Height; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000172:deficiency*; D006130:Growth Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000097:blood / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D018895:Microsatellite Repeats; D020125:Mutation, Missense; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA
chemical_list: D005938:Glucocorticoids; D000324:Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; D006854:Hydrocortisone