title: Intraoperative endovascular treatment as an adjunct to microsurgical clipping of paraclinoid aneurysms.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The endovascular procedure can provide proximal control, suction decompression, and prompt intraoperative angiography during microsurgical clipping of aneurysms of the paraclinoid segment of the internal carotid artery (ICA). The authors assess the safety and feasibility of this method in 24 consecutive cases.
  
  
  METHODS
  Frontotemporal craniotomy and radical pterionectomy were performed with the patient's head immobilized in a radiolucent frame while femoral artery catheterization was achieved. Before dural opening, a balloon catheter with a coaxial lumen was positioned and tested in the ICA, after which microsurgical exposure was completed, including intradural clinoid drilling and optic canal decompression. Trapping of the lesion was achieved by inflating the balloon and placing a temporary clip beyond the aneurysm neck. The catheter was gently aspirated to achieve suction decompression and to facilitate clip application. Intraoperative digital subtraction angiography was then performed. Twenty-two aneurysms were larger than 10 mm, and 11 of them were giant. Six patients presented with subarachnoid hemorrhage and nine with visual symptoms. Balloon occlusion and suction decompression were performed in 16 cases (67%), and proximal control alone in 1 case. Intraoperative angiography was performed in every case. Subsequent clip readjustment was necessary in seven cases, including three cases of residual aneurysm filling and four of ICA compromise. Complete aneurysm obliteration was achieved in 20 cases, and greater than 90% obliteration in 22. One major infarct likely related to catheter thromboembolism was found. There were no instances of visual deterioration or other complications attributable to the endovascular procedure.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The endovascular method allows safe and reliable proximal control, suction decompression, and intraoperative angiography in microsurgical treatment of large paraclinoid aneurysms.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA.
authors.forename: P Y
authors.initials: PY
authors.lastname: Ng
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Huddle
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gunel
authors.forename: I A
authors.initials: IA
authors.lastname: Awad
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002340:Carotid Artery Diseases / Q000601:surgery* / Q000628:therapy; D002343:Carotid Artery, Internal / Q000601:surgery; D002404:Catheterization; D002533:Cerebral Angiography; D019299:Decompression, Surgical; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D002532:Intracranial Aneurysm / Q000601:surgery* / Q000628:therapy; D007430:Intraoperative Care; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013525:Surgical Instruments; D016896:Treatment Outcome