title: Lack of phosphotyrosine phosphatase SHP-1 expression in malignant T-cell lymphoma cells results from methylation of the SHP-1 promoter.
abstract: SHP-1 is an important negative regulator of signaling by several receptors including receptors for interleukin-2 (IL-2R) and other cytokines. SHP-1 acts by dephosphorylating the receptors and receptor-associated kinases such as IL-2R-associated Jak3 kinase. We found that SHP-1 protein was not detectable or greatly diminished in most (six of seven) T cell lines derived from various types of T cell lymphomas and all (eight of eight) cutaneous T-cell lymphoma tissues with a transformed, large-cell morphology. All T-cell lymphoma lines tested (eight of eight) expressed diminished amounts or no detectable SHP-1 mRNA. These T cell lines did not, however, carry any mutations in the SHP-1 gene-coding, splice-junction, and promoter regions. Importantly, SHP-1 DNA promoter region in the T cell lines was resistant to digestion with three different methylation-sensitive restriction enzymes. This resistance was reversed by treatment of the cells with a demethylating agent, 5-deoxyazacytidine. The treatment resulted also in the expression of SHP-1 mRNA and, less frequently, SHP-1 protein. The expression of SHP-1 protein was associated with dephosphorylation of the Jak3 kinase. These results show that lack of SHP-1 expression is frequent in malignant T cells and results from methylation of the SHP-1 gene promoter. Furthermore, they indicate that SHP-1 loss may play a role in the pathogenesis of T cell lymphomas by permitting persistence of signals generated by IL-2R and, possibly, other receptor complexes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA.
authors.forename: Q
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: P N
authors.initials: PN
authors.lastname: Raghunath
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Vonderheid
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Odum
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Wasik
mesh_terms: D001374:Azacitidine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D001483:Base Sequence / Q000235:genetics; D019175:DNA Methylation; D015254:DNA Modification Methylases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D000077209:Decitabine; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D053616:Janus Kinase 3; D008223:Lymphoma / Q000378:metabolism*; D016410:Lymphoma, T-Cell, Cutaneous / Q000378:metabolism*; D010766:Phosphorylation; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000235:genetics*; D054592:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 11; D053824:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 6; D017027:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases / Q000172:deficiency* / Q000235:genetics*; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism*; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate / Q000494:pharmacology; D014158:Transcription, Genetic / Q000187:drug effects; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D000077209:Decitabine; D015254:DNA Modification Methylases; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; C507933:JAK3 protein, human; D053616:Janus Kinase 3; C516724:PTPN11 protein, human; C509249:PTPN6 protein, human; D054592:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 11; D053824:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 6; D017027:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases; D001374:Azacitidine; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate