title: Degradation of organophosphorous nerve agents by enzyme-polymer nanocomposites: efficient biocatalytic materials for personal protection and large-scale detoxification.
abstract: The biocatalytic destruction of organophosphates has become an important focus area, as efficient "clean" technologies are sought for chemical weapons decommissioning, counteracting nerve agent attacks, and protecting against organophosphate pesticide poisoning. A novel method is advanced for immobilizing the broad-spectrum enzyme organophosphorous hydrolase (OPH) from Pseudomonas diminuta, based on the formation of nanocomposite protein-silicone polymers. The resulting materials are highly active, stable, and versatile biocatalysts for the liquid and gas phase detoxification of organophosphates, and can be fabricated as monoliths, sheets, thick films, granulates, or macroporous foams. This approach offers an efficient avenue to robust, high-performance biocatalytic OPH-containing polymers that outperform immobilized OPH catalysts reported to date. The method provides for the first time a route to biocatalytic materials that may be suitable for "active" protective wear, as well as bulk catalysts for the destruction of large volumes of organophosphates. The preparation of OPH-silicone biocomposites, their performances in the liquid and gas phase detoxification of paraoxon, dichlorvos, and diisopropyl fluorophosphate, and their features are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biocatalysis, CSIC Institute of Catalysis, Campus Universidad Autonoma, 28049 Madrid, Spain. iqbal_s.gill@hotmail.com
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Gill
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ballesteros
mesh_terms: D000327:Adsorption; D043303:Aryldialkylphosphatase; D002619:Chemical Warfare Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D004006:Dichlorvos / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D004800:Enzymes, Immobilized / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D004950:Esterases / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D007531:Isoflurophate / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D009943:Organophosphorus Compounds / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D010261:Paraoxon / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D011108:Polymers / Q000737:chemistry*; D012828:Silicones
chemical_list: D002619:Chemical Warfare Agents; D004800:Enzymes, Immobilized; D009943:Organophosphorus Compounds; D011108:Polymers; D012828:Silicones; D007531:Isoflurophate; D004006:Dichlorvos; D004950:Esterases; D043303:Aryldialkylphosphatase; D010261:Paraoxon