Deuterium labelled nonylphenols in an in-vitro model of percutaneous absorption of environmental xenoestrogens.
A technical mixture of isomeric nonylphenols NP is formed as rather persistent degradation product of nonionic surfactants and has become widespread in the environment, e.g., in surface waters. Information about possible pathways for incorporation is needed for risk assessments, as NP has estrogenic properties. NP uptake after skin contact was determined using isolated and perfused bovine udders as models for human skin. NP-d2 labelled in the positions ortho to the OH-group was prepared by an exchange procedure which did not measurably change the relative amount of isomers. Samples of udder perfusate, milk equivalent produced during the experiments and skin tissue were taken immediately before administration of 500 mg or 50 mg NP-d2 on an udder skin area of 200 cm2 and then for 5 h. They were analyzed by GC-MS for NP and NP-d2 after cleanup by steam distillation and final extraction with SPME fibres. The results are an unambiguous proof of the penetration of NP into the capillary system of living mammals after skin contact.
Blume
B
B
Institute of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmacy, School of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany.
Kietzmann
M
M
Kränke
P
P
Möder
M
M
Schrader
S
S
Wahren
M
M
D000279:Administration, Cutaneous; D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D003903:Deuterium; D004781:Environmental Exposure; D004967:Estrogens / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007553:Isotope Labeling; D008892:Milk / Q000737:chemistry; D023421:Models, Animal; D010636:Phenols / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D012869:Skin Absorption; D014876:Water Pollution
D004967:Estrogens; D010636:Phenols; D003903:Deuterium; C041594:4-nonylphenol