title: Oxygenation/ventilation of transported intubated adult patients: a national survey of organizational practices.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Transporting intubated patients is common among ground and air crews, and providing adequate oxygenation/ventilation through transport ventilators (TV) or manual ventilation (MV) is clinically challenging. However, very little data chronicle service or practice patterns of oxygenation/ventilation within the industry.
  
  
  METHODS
  During February 1998, a national sample of 250 air transport agencies was surveyed regarding activities and services surrounding this population of transported patients. One-hundred-ninety-three surveys (77%) were returned.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Approximately 40% of responding agencies use rotor-wing transportation only. Various combinations of rotor-, fixed-wing, and critical care ground transport were reported among the sample. Crew configuration consisted primarily of RN/EMT-P (75%). For pre-hospital intubated patients, MV alone (37.3%), TV alone (10.9%), or a combination of MV and TV (43.5%) was used, depending on transport circumstances. Programs not involved in pre-hospital transports accounted for 8.3% of returned surveys. Interfacility transports used MV (6.8%), TV (39.4%), and a combination (53.4%). One respondent did not answer the question, accounting for 0.4% of the returned surveys. More than 75% of programs monitored oxygenation/ventilation during transport. Usually some combination of pulse oximetry and CO2 monitoring was used. More than half (59%) of reporting agencies transport more than 80 intubated adults each year.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Considerable variation exists in practices involving the transport of intubated patients.
authors.affiliation: Life Flight, Standord Health Services, Stanford, Calif. 94305, USA.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Perez
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Klofas
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wise
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017732:Air Ambulances / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D004638:Emergency Treatment / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D007442:Intubation, Intratracheal / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008991:Monitoring, Physiologic / Q000379:methods; D010102:Oxygen Inhalation Therapy / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012121:Respiration, Artificial / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014187:Transportation of Patients / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D014481:United States; D000078329:Workforce