title: Version 2000: the new beta-lactamases of Gram-negative bacteria at the dawn of the new millennium.
abstract: beta-lactamases of Gram-negative bacteria are evolving dynamically. New developments include the production of enzymes with novel substrate profiles, reduced susceptibility to beta-lactamase inhibitors, and the simultaneous production of multiple types of beta-lactamases. The changes represent evolutionary upgrades which provide modern pathogens with a greater potential to resist beta-lactam antibiotics and cause formidable therapeutic, infection control, and diagnostic challenges. This review is a clinically oriented outline of recent developments in the beta-lactamase production of Gram-negative bacteria.
authors.affiliation: Center for Research in Anti-Infectives and Biotechnology, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, Nebraska 68178, USA.
authors.forename: K S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Thomson
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Smith Moland
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015780:Carbapenems / Q000494:pharmacology; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006090:Gram-Negative Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology; D006801:Humans; D018440:beta-Lactam Resistance; D065093:beta-Lactamase Inhibitors; D001618:beta-Lactamases / Q000145:classification / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D015780:Carbapenems; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D065093:beta-Lactamase Inhibitors; D001618:beta-Lactamases