title: Bioaccumulation and toxicity of aluminium in the pond snail at neutral pH.
abstract: The low solubility of aluminium (Al) at neutral pH means that it largely exists as colloidal particulates in aquatic systems. However, the pond snail Lymnaea stagnalis accumulates significant amounts of Al following exposure to water containing added Al (up to 500 microg l(-1)) at pH 7. This is accompanied by depression of behavioural activity (locomotion, feeding) which subsequently recovers, suggesting tolerance to the metal. The presence of silica ameliorates behavioural toxicity of Al, but does not prevent uptake of the metal. In vitro studies using the isolated central nervous system demonstrate toxicity at the cellular level. Extracellular application of Al (100 microM) led to membrane depolarisation, bursts of action potentials and action potential broadening. The chemical form in which Al is applied influences the extent of bioaccumulation and toxicity. Detailed knowledge of its solution chemistry is therefore essential.
authors.affiliation: School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, UK. Cathy.McCrohan@man.ac.uk
authors.forename: C R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: McCrohan
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Campbell
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Jugdaohsingh
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ballance
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Powell
authors.forename: K N
authors.initials: KN
authors.lastname: White
mesh_terms: D000200:Action Potentials / Q000187:drug effects; D000535:Aluminum / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000633:toxicity*; D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects; D001682:Biological Availability; D002490:Central Nervous System / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008195:Lymnaea / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology; D008564:Membrane Potentials / Q000187:drug effects; D014018:Tissue Distribution; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000633:toxicity
chemical_list: D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D000535:Aluminum