title: Nephrotoxicity of high- and low-osmolar contrast media. The protective role of amlodipine in a rat model.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the nephrotoxicity of high- and low-osmolar contrast media (HOCM, LOCM) on kidneys in Sprague-Dawley rats. The protective role of amlodipine was studied.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty rats of both sexes were randomly divided into 5 groups (n=8/group) and glycerine for inducing renal failure was given to all rats except controls.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In diatrizoate-injected rats, blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and serum creatinine (SCr) were increased; levels of phospholipase A2 (PLA2), lipid peroxide (LPO) and calcium were also increased in renal tissues. There was no significant difference between LOCM (iohexol) animals and glycerol controls either in the renal levels of PLA2, LPO and calcium or in the levels of BUN and SCr. The histologic changes were milder in the LOCM animals than in the HOCM animals. In the group pretreated with amlodipine, no increase in the levels of BUN or SCr was discovered and the renal content of PLA2, LPO and calcium were significantly lower than in the HOCM group; the renal injuries induced by diatrizoate were alleviated.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The HOCM, diatrizoate, was more toxic to rat kidneys than the LOCM iohexol; PLA2, LPO and calcium load played a role in producing renal function impairment induced by diatrizoate meglumine; amlodipine protected the renal tissue from nephrotoxicity induced by diatrizoate.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Hunan Medical University, Changsha, P. R. of China.
authors.forename: S B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Duan
authors.forename: F Y
authors.initials: FY
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.forename: H W
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: R H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Y M
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Peng
authors.forename: X L
authors.initials: XL
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D058186:Acute Kidney Injury / Q000139:chemically induced; D017311:Amlodipine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D001806:Blood Urea Nitrogen; D002118:Calcium / Q000032:analysis; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000737:chemistry; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D003974:Diatrizoate Meglumine / Q000009:adverse effects; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D005455:Fluorescent Antibody Technique; D005990:Glycerol / Q000009:adverse effects; D007472:Iohexol / Q000009:adverse effects; D007668:Kidney / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D007684:Kidney Tubules / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D008054:Lipid Peroxides / Q000032:analysis; D008297:Male; D008854:Microscopy, Electron; D009994:Osmolar Concentration; D010741:Phospholipases A / Q000032:analysis; D054467:Phospholipases A2; D020011:Protective Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011897:Random Allocation; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley
chemical_list: D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers; D003287:Contrast Media; D008054:Lipid Peroxides; D020011:Protective Agents; D017311:Amlodipine; D003974:Diatrizoate Meglumine; D007472:Iohexol; D003404:Creatinine; D010741:Phospholipases A; D054467:Phospholipases A2; D005990:Glycerol; D002118:Calcium