title: Effect of adjuvant tamoxifen on the endometrium in women with breast cancer: a prospective study using office endometrial biopsy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the frequency of developing abnormal pathologic changes in the endometria of tamoxifen-treated women. To characterize the type of pathologic changes involved.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between October 1991 and September 1998, 159 patients initiating tamoxifen therapy for breast cancer confined to the breast and axillary lymph nodes were entered in a prospective study. In this study, office endometrial biopsies (EMBs) were obtained during the initiation of tamoxifen and at 6-month intervals for a 2-year period. Three subsequent annual EMBs were recorded for each patient, amounting to a 5-year surveillance.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One hundred fifty-nine patients with a median age of 50 years were entered onto study. Patients were assessable if EMBs were performed at least 1 year after the initiation of tamoxifen treatment. Nine patients (5. 7%) were considered protocol violations. The remaining 111 assessable patients underwent a total of 635 EMBs (mean, 5.8 EMBs), with a median surveillance time of 36 months. Eighty-two (12.9%) of the 635 biopsies revealed tissue insufficient for diagnosis. Fourteen patients (12.6%) underwent dilation and curettage (D&C) for an abnormal EMB, persistent bleeding, or for evaluation of adnexal masses at the time of laparoscopy. Findings at D&C included complex hyperplasia (n = 1), abnormal histiocytes (n = 1), simple hyperplasia (n = 2), polyps (n = 4), endocervical polyp (n = 1), and decidualization (n = 2). Three D&Cs were negative. Three patients have undergone hysterectomy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  EMB was used to monitor the endometrium in the majority (95%) of breast cancer patients on tamoxifen in this trial, but the utility of routine EMB for screening in tamoxifen-treated women seems limited.
authors.affiliation: Gynecology Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10021, USA. gynbreast@mskcc.org
authors.forename: R R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Barakat
authors.forename: T A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Gilewski
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Almadrones
authors.forename: P E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Saigo
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Venkatraman
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hudis
authors.forename: W J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Hoskins
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D018931:Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001706:Biopsy; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000601:surgery; D017024:Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; D016889:Endometrial Neoplasms / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000473:pathology; D004717:Endometrium / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology*; D020847:Estrogen Receptor Modulators / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007044:Hysterectomy; D008875:Middle Aged; D016609:Neoplasms, Second Primary / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000473:pathology; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013629:Tamoxifen / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D018931:Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal; D020847:Estrogen Receptor Modulators; D013629:Tamoxifen