title: A phase II trial of cyclophosphamide, epirubicin and vinorelbine in the treatment of advanced breast cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Vinorelbine (Navelbin; N) has proven to be active in patients with advanced breast cancer (ABC) and cyclophosphamide (C) and epirubicin (Epiadriamycin: E) are still among the main cytostatic agents against this tumor. On this basis was carried out a study to determine the activity and toxicity of the combination of these three agents (CEN).
  
  
  METHODS
  From April 1996 to March 1998, 59 patients with ABC were recruited of whom 56 were found eligible and evaluable for toxicity and 55 for activity. The treatment regimen was C: 400 mg/m2, E: 30 mg/m2 and N: 25 mg/m2 administered intravenously on days 1 and 8 of a 28-day cycle.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The median number of cycles administered was 6 (range: 1-16). The most common hematological toxicity was grade (G) 3 and 4 neutropenia occurring in 36% of patients, associated with fever in 7% of them. Grade 3-4 thrombocytopenia and anemia occurred in 5% and 7%, respectively. Other G2-G3 non hematologic toxicities were: N/vomiting in 34%, alopecia in 73% and mucositis in 11% of patients. An objective response was achieved in 28 of 56 patients (50%) (95% confidence interval (CI): 37-63%): complete response (CR) in 9%, partial response (PR) in 41%. The median duration of response, time to progression and overall survival time was 54, 47 and 90 weeks, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The CEN combination at these doses and treatment schedule appears to have acceptable tolerability but there is no apparent improvement in therapeutic efficacy when compared to other regimens used as first line treatment in ABC.
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Ontología Médica, Hospital Central de Asturias, Spain. emilioes@ene.es
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Esteban
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: de Sande
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Puertas
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fra
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Palacio
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Vieitez
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Fernández
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Muñiz
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Modollel
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Carrasco
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sala
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Lacave
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality* / Q000473:pathology; D003520:Cyclophosphamide / Q000008:administration & dosage; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D015251:Epirubicin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D008875:Middle Aged; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D013030:Spain / Q000453:epidemiology; D016019:Survival Analysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014747:Vinblastine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D000077235:Vinorelbine
chemical_list: D015251:Epirubicin; D014747:Vinblastine; D003520:Cyclophosphamide; D000077235:Vinorelbine