title: Critical shunt-induced subdural hematoma treated with combined pressure-programmable valve implantation and endoscopic third ventriculostomy.
abstract: The authors present 2 patients with VP shunt-induced subdural hematomas (SDH) treated with pressure-programmable valve implantation and endoscopic third ventriculostomies (TV). The first patient is an 11-year-old girl who developed a shunt-induced SDH. Revision of the shunt valve with a higher-pressure valve resulted in a prolonged deterioration of her consciousness. External ventricular drainage at low pressure led to clinical improvement. A pressure-programmable valve set at 50 mm H(2)O was implanted, and the pressure gradually increased. At a pressure of 120 mm H(2)O symptoms recurred, even though the subdural collection was beginning to decrease in size. An endoscopic TV was performed, and the valve pressure was then increased to 200 mm H(2)O without any neurological symptoms. The second patient, a 7-year-old boy with shunt-induced SDH, had recurrent SDH, even after shunt revision with placement of a higher-pressure valve, which resulted in prolonged lethargy. A pressure-programmable valve was implanted with concurrent endoscopic TV. Gradual valve pressure increases up to 200 mm H(2)O could be performed without recurrent symptoms. Eventually, the shunt system was ligated to resolve residual positional headache, and the TV has been patent for more than 3 years. In both patients, the pressure-programmable valve was useful, since the optimal CSF drainage pressure changed during the period of recovery from symptomatic subdural collections. Concurrent TV appeared to enable increasing the valve pressure gradually without any neurological symptoms. The advantages of this combined approach are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Section of Pediatric and Congenital Neurosurgery, Department of Neurological Surgery, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fukuhara
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Vorster
authors.forename: M G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Luciano
mesh_terms: D001921:Brain / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D002648:Child; D004724:Endoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006408:Hematoma, Subdural / Q000209:etiology* / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D006849:Hydrocephalus / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D011474:Prosthesis Design; D019919:Prosthesis Implantation / Q000295:instrumentation; D020542:Third Ventricle / Q000601:surgery*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D017287:Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt / Q000009:adverse effects*; D014696:Ventriculostomy / Q000379:methods*