title: Monitoring adenovirus infections with on-line and off-line methods.
abstract: Several known process monitoring methods were tested for their efficacy in the detection of adenovirus infections. The methods that we explored include several indirect indications of viral infections, including metabolic rate analysis, secondary gauges of respiration, cell size measurement, cell number and cell viability determination, and changes in capacitance. Direct indications of the adenovirus infection were also applied, including total viral particle and infectious particle measurements, as well as a flow cytometry method for detecting infected cells. All of the methods tested in the study provide some positive indication of an adenovirus infection. Many of the methods require repeated sampling, which may limit their utility in a manufacturing process. All of the indirect measures of viral infection may be limited by the fact that they do not uniquely identify an infection. The simplest monitoring methods appear to be detection of changes in respiration or the capacitance of the culture, both of which seem to provide a clear indication of an infection. Further work will be required to demonstrate that these indications are characteristic of only a successful and productive adenovirus infection.
authors.affiliation: Fermentation and Cell Culture Development, Clinical Production, and Gene Therapy and Genomics, Berlex Biosciences, 15049 San Pablo Ave, Richmond, California 94804, USA.
authors.forename: T J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Monica
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Montgomery
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Ayala
authors.forename: G M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Schoofs
authors.forename: E M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Whiteley
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Roth
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Garbutt
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Harvey
authors.forename: F J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Castillo
mesh_terms: D000256:Adenoviridae / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D002460:Cell Line; D002469:Cell Separation; D048429:Cell Size; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D010100:Oxygen / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D005947:Glucose; D010100:Oxygen