title: The novel anti-tumour agent oxamflatin differentially regulates urokinase and plasminogen activator inhibitor type 2 expression and inhibits urokinase-mediated proteolytic activity.
abstract: Cell surface, urokinase (u-PA)-mediated, plasminogen activation has recently been recognised as a process integral to extracellular matrix degradation. The primary inhibitor of u-PA activity in the extracellular matrix is plasminogen activator inhibitor type 2 (PAI-2), a serine protease inhibitor. The malignant metastatic phenotype is associated with excessive and uncontrolled, tumour cell-associated, u-PA-mediated, extracellular matrix degradation. Inhibition of the malignant metastatic phenotype via induction of PAI-2 expression and/or inhibition of u-PA expression may represent a novel means via which the metastatic phenotype can be arrested. Agents capable of inducing PAI-2 and/or inhibiting u-PA activity may restrict u-PA-mediated tumour cell proteolysis and facilitate in the development of therapeutic strategies to combat malignant disease. We have identified the hydroxamic acid derivative oxamflatin, previously noted to revert the malignant phenotype in K-ras-transformed NIH-3T3 cells, as capable of upregulating PAI-2 and simultaneously suppressing u-PA expression in two different cell systems. In addition, zymographic analysis indicated that oxamflatin treatment results in a significant reduction in u-PA proteolytic activity in both HT-1080 fibrosarcoma and U-937 histiocytic lymphoma cells. We postulate that oxamflatin represents a novel means by which induction of PAI-2 and concomitant inhibition of u-PA gene and protein expression can be achieved and may be of benefit in inhibiting the malignant metastatic phenotype.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Monash University, Box Hill, Victoria 3128, Australia. anthony.dear@med.monash.edu.au
authors.forename: A E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Dear
authors.forename: R L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Medcalf
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D006877:Hydroxamic Acids / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D010447:Peptide Hydrolases / Q000378:metabolism; D017396:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 2 / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000502:physiology; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000187:drug effects; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate / Q000494:pharmacology; D018808:Transcription Factor AP-1 / Q000378:metabolism; D015533:Transcriptional Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D014162:Transfection; D020298:U937 Cells; D014568:Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D006877:Hydroxamic Acids; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D017396:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 2; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D018808:Transcription Factor AP-1; C100692:oxamflatin; D010447:Peptide Hydrolases; D014568:Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate