title: Train-of-four fade and neuromuscular block in rats: a comparison between pancuronium, vecuronium, and rocuronium.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To clarify the relationship between neuromuscular block and train-of-four fade and to investigate the causes of these drug-dependent differences, we compared the neuromuscular block and TOF fade after pancuronium, vecuronium and rocuronium.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 24 anesthetized rats, the sciatic nerve was stimulated, and the twitch of left tibialis anterior muscle was recorded. After T1 (first twitch response) was kept constant at 95% block by administration of pancuronium, vecuronium, or rocuronium (n=8, in each), the TOF fade was measured when T1 block was decreased to 40% and 20%. In addition, using 24 phrenic nerve-diaphragm preparations, the fade was measured when the T1 block increased to 20% and 40% by titrating of either one of the three drugs (n=8, in each).
  
  
  RESULTS
  In in vivo experiments, the fade produced by pancuronium was greater than that by vecuronium or rocuronium when T1 block was at 40% (81 +/- 9 vs 63 +/- 15 and 63 +/- 6%, respectively) and at 20% (66 +/- 13 vs 34 +/- 17 and 40 +/- 6%, respectively). In contrast, in in vitro experiments, the differences did not reach significant levels among the three drugs either at 20% (32 +/- 19 vs 33 +/- 10 and 32 +/- 17%) or 40% of block (62 +/- 29 vs 65 +/- 14 and 55 +/- 14%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  For vecuronium and rocuronium, the results were similar in vivo and in vitro. For pancuronium, fade was greater in vivo. These results suggest that different neuromuscular blocking agent have different relationships between the fade and the block. In vitro results might not be the same as in vivo, possibly due to pharmacokinetic differences.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, School of Medicine, Kanazawa University, Japan. hironori@med.kanazawa-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Itoh
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shibata
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nitta
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
mesh_terms: D000109:Acetylcholine / Q000378:metabolism; D000732:Androstanols / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D008297:Male; D009469:Neuromuscular Junction / Q000187:drug effects*; D003473:Neuromuscular Nondepolarizing Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010197:Pancuronium / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D000077123:Rocuronium; D014673:Vecuronium Bromide / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000732:Androstanols; D003473:Neuromuscular Nondepolarizing Agents; D014673:Vecuronium Bromide; D010197:Pancuronium; D000109:Acetylcholine; D000077123:Rocuronium