title: Expression of enzymes synthesizing (aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 and reinaldehyde dehydrogenase 2) and metabolizaing (Cyp26) retinoic acid in the mouse female reproductive system.
abstract: Vitamin A is required for female reproduction. Rodent uterine cells are able to synthesize retinoic acid (RA), the active vitamin A derivative, and express RA receptors. Here, we report that two RA-synthesizing enzymes [aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 (Aldh1) and retinaldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (Raldh2)] and a cytochrome P450 (Cyp26) that metabolizes vitamin A and RA into more polar metabolites exhibit dynamic expression patterns in the mouse uterus, both during the ovarian cycle and during early pregnancy. Aldh1 expression is up-regulated during diestrus and proestrus in the uterine glands, whereas Raldh2 is highly induced in the endometrial stroma in metestrus. Cyp26 expression, which is not detectable during the normal ovarian cycle, is strongly induced in the uterine luminal epithelium, 24 h after human CG hormonal administration. Raldh2 stromal expression also strongly responds to gonadotropin (PMSG and human CG) induction. Furthermore, Raldh2 expression can be hormonally induced in stromal cells of the vagina and cervix. All three enzymes exhibit differential expression profiles during early pregnancy. Aldh1 glandular expression is sharply induced at 2.5 gestational days, whereas Raldh2 stromal expression increases more steadily until the implantation phase. Cyp26 epithelial expression is strongly induced between 3.5-4.5 gestational days, i.e. when the developing blastocysts colonize the uterine lumen. These data suggest a need for precise regulation of RA synthesis and/or metabolism, in both cycling and pregnant uterus.
authors.affiliation: Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Université Louis Pasteur, Collège de France, Illkirch, CU de Strasbourg, France
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vermot
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Fraulob
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Dollé
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Niederreither
mesh_terms: D000444:Aldehyde Dehydrogenase / Q000378:metabolism*; D000080924:Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 1 Family; D000445:Aldehyde Oxidoreductases / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D002584:Cervix Uteri / Q000166:cytology / Q000201:enzymology; D006063:Chorionic Gonadotropin / Q000494:pharmacology; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System / Q000378:metabolism*; D004971:Estrus / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D005836:Genitalia, Female / Q000201:enzymology*; D006064:Gonadotropins, Equine / Q000494:pharmacology; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D008815:Mice, Inbred Strains; D011247:Pregnancy; D012016:Reference Values; D050697:Retinal Dehydrogenase; D000072516:Retinoic Acid 4-Hydroxylase; D017154:Stromal Cells / Q000201:enzymology; D014212:Tretinoin / Q000378:metabolism*; D014599:Uterus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D014621:Vagina / Q000166:cytology / Q000201:enzymology
chemical_list: D006063:Chorionic Gonadotropin; D006064:Gonadotropins, Equine; D007527:Isoenzymes; D014212:Tretinoin; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System; D000072516:Retinoic Acid 4-Hydroxylase; D000445:Aldehyde Oxidoreductases; D000080924:Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 1 Family; D000444:Aldehyde Dehydrogenase; C510223:ALDH1A1 protein, human; C515028:ALDH1A1 protein, mouse; D050697:Retinal Dehydrogenase