title: Paternity and hormone levels after unilateral cryptorchidism: association with pretreatment testicular location.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We determined differences in paternity and levels of the hormones inhibin B, follicle- stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, testosterone and free testosterone based on the preoperative location of the undescended testis in men with previous unilateral cryptorchidism.
  
  
  METHODS
  Testicular location was determined by a review of the medical records and paternity or attempted paternity using a detailed questionnaire administered to 320 men with previous unilateral cryptorchidism. In 103 cases we performed semen analysis and measured the levels of the hormones inhibin B, luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, testosterone and free testosterone. Paternity, sperm count and hormonal parameters were compared with cryptorchid testicular location using analysis of variance and chi-square analysis. Logistic regression was done to analyze pretreatment testicular location as a risk factor for infertility.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Paternity, duration of attempted conception in men who achieved paternity, sperm count and hormone levels did not differ based on pretreatment abdominal, internal ring, inguinal canal, external ring, upper scrotum or ectopic testicular location. The overall paternity rate was 90% with the lowest rate of 83.3% in the abdominal group. More than 12 months were required to achieve conception in 28.9% of the study group overall and in 39.4% of the abdominal group. Varicocele and a partner with fertility problems were risk factors for infertility, while abdominal testicular location caused borderline significant risk.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Preoperative testicular location in men with previous unilateral cryptorchidism is not a major determinant of fertility according to paternity, sperm count or hormone levels.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Penn State University College of Medicine, Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania.
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: M T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Coughlin
authors.forename: M F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Bellinger
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003456:Cryptorchidism / Q000097:blood / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D005298:Fertility / Q000502:physiology; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D007248:Infertility, Male / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology; D007265:Inhibins / Q000097:blood; D016015:Logistic Models; D007986:Luteinizing Hormone / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D012307:Risk Factors; D013076:Sperm Count; D013739:Testosterone / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D013739:Testosterone; D007265:Inhibins; D007986:Luteinizing Hormone; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone