title: Effects of adjuvant tamoxifen on the endometrium in postmenopausal women with breast cancer: a prospective long-term study using transvaginal ultrasound.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the value of transvaginal ultrasound (TVS) in endometrial screening of postmenopausal breast cancer patients treated with tamoxifen.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 247 tamoxifen-treated (20 to 30 mg/d for >/= 2 years) women and 98 controls, the endometrium was prospectively followed-up by means of TVS every 6 months for up to 5 years. Patients with homogeneous endometrium of more than 10-mm thickness were then scanned repeatedly every 3 months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean endometrial thickness was 3.5 +/- 1.1 mm before treatment and increased to a maximum of 9. 2 +/- 5.1 mm after 3 years of tamoxifen application (P: <.0001), which was significantly (P: <.0001) thicker compared with controls. Fifty-two asymptomatic patients with thickened or morphologically suspect endometrium underwent hysteroscopy and dilatation and curettage (D&C), resulting in four uterine perforations. Histopathologically, atrophy was found in 38 patients (73.1%), polyps in nine, hyperplasia in four, and endometrial cancer in one case. In 20 screened patients who reported vaginal bleeding, five atrophies (25%), five polyps, four hyperplasias, and two endometrial cancers were found. Before hysteroscopy and D&C were performed, 36 (69.2%) of 52 asymptomatic and four (20%) of 20 symptomatic patients were scanned by repeated TVS over 2 to 30 months. Invasive diagnostic procedures were significantly (P: <.05) more frequent in younger and obese patients. In the controls, one asymptomatic polyp and one symptomatic hyperplasia were found.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In tamoxifen-treated patients, TVS offered a high false-positive rate, even with a cutoff value of 10 mm for endometrial thickness and repeated TVS scans. Increased iatrogenic morbidity and only one asymptomatic endometrial carcinoma do not warrant endometrial screening by TVS in tamoxifen-treated patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Pathology, and Institute of Medical Informatics and Biometry, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany. bernd.gerber@med.uni-rostock.de
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Gerber
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Krause
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Müller
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Reimer
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Külz
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Makovitzky
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kundt
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Friese
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001284:Atrophy / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000473:pathology; D015992:Body Mass Index; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy*; D017024:Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; D016889:Endometrial Neoplasms / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D004717:Endometrium / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D020847:Estrogen Receptor Modulators / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D011127:Polyps / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D017698:Postmenopause / Q000502:physiology*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013629:Tamoxifen / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014463:Ultrasonography; D014621:Vagina
chemical_list: D020847:Estrogen Receptor Modulators; D013629:Tamoxifen