title: Identification of meiotic and postmeiotic gene expression in testicular tissue of patients histologically classified as Sertoli cell only.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether meiotic and postmeiotic germ cell gene products could be detected in biopsy specimen from patients with Sertoli cell only (SCO) and maturation arrest.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective clinical study.
  
  
  METHODS
  University-based departments and laboratories.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nine patients, seven with nonobstructive azoospermia (12 biopsies) and two with obstructive azoospermia (controls) (2 biopsies).
  
  
  METHODS
  Specimens were divided into three parts: IVF laboratory, histology, and molecular analysis. Germ cell-specific messenger RNAs (mRNAs) were detected by extracting total RNA for Northern blotting or reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction.
  
  
  METHODS
  Detection of meiotic (lactate dehydrogenase C4) and postmeiotic (transition protein 1 and protamine 1 and 2) gene expression and correlation with histologic and IVF laboratory findings.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The IVF laboratory identified spermatozoa in 3 of 14 biopsies (controls and severe hypospermatogenesis). Histologically, 6 of 14 biopsies (43%) were diagnosed as SCO, 4 (29%) maturation arrest, 2 (14%) severe hypospermatogenesis, and 2 normal. Molecular analysis showed mRNA for meiotic and postmeiotic genes in 12 of 14 biopsies (86%) (P =. 006), of which 4 (67%) in SCO and 3 (75%) in maturation arrest.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Differentiated germ cells are present in biopsies of men histologically diagnosed as SCO. Absence of these molecular markers strengthens the histologic diagnosis and helps the physician in counseling the infertile couple.
authors.affiliation: Center for Research on Reproduction and Women's Health, University of Pennsylvania Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA. ppatrizio@obgyn.upenn.edu
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Patrizio
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Ricci
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Tomaszewski
authors.forename: N B
authors.initials: NB
authors.lastname: Hecht
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001706:Biopsy; D002868:Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006801:Humans; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics; D008297:Male; D008540:Meiosis / Q000235:genetics*; D009845:Oligospermia / Q000503:physiopathology; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011479:Protamines / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012708:Sertoli Cells / Q000378:metabolism*; D013737:Testis / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D002868:Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone; D007527:Isoenzymes; C082073:PRM1 protein, human; D011479:Protamines; D012333:RNA, Messenger; C068621:protamine 2; C053886:spermatid transition proteins; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; C409673:lactate dehydrogenase C4