title: Principles of ray tracing aberrometry.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Of all transforms of an eye, aberrations are significant when higher visual acuity is to be achieved. Ray tracing aberrometry developed by the Institute of Biomedical Engineering (Kiev) and first tested at the Vardinoyannion Eye Institute of Crete is a promising technique for eye refraction aberration and refraction mapping.
  
  
  METHODS
  The technique uses measurement of the position of a thin laser beam projected onto the retina. The beam is directed into the eye parallel to the visual axis. Each entrance point provides its own projection on the retina. A set of entrance points forms a set of projections. From these data, a refraction map is reconstructed as well as a point spread function of the eye. The total time of scanning over the whole aperture of the eye is within 10 to 20 ms and depends on the number of test points at the eye entrance, as well as on the number of independent measurements in each point. Configuration of the scanning pattern can be chosen by the operator. It may contain 60 to 400 points, each checked 1 to 5 times.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Preliminary studies showed high reproducibility of results. Twenty pseudophakic eyes were subjected to 30 consecutive measurements each. Ninety-five percent of all measured values were within +/-0.20 D of declination from the mean.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Ray tracing aberrometry is a flexible technology for eye investigation. It can be adapted to any laser technique of vision correction Its further development should be oriented on laser-linked applications of the refraction driven refractive surgery.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Kiev, Ukraine. molebny@ibme.kiev.ua
authors.forename: V V
authors.initials: VV
authors.lastname: Molebny
authors.forename: S I
authors.initials: SI
authors.lastname: Panagopoulou
authors.forename: S V
authors.initials: SV
authors.lastname: Molebny
authors.forename: Y S
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Wakil
authors.forename: I G
authors.initials: IG
authors.lastname: Pallikaris
mesh_terms: D000065:Accommodation, Ocular; D003941:Diagnostic Techniques, Ophthalmological; D006801:Humans; D019591:Pseudophakia / Q000150:complications; D012029:Refraction, Ocular; D012030:Refractive Errors / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology