title: Development and clinical application of minimally invasive cardiac surgery using percutaneous cardiopulmonary support.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Optimal cardiopulmonary support during minimally invasive cardiac surgery remains controversial. We developed cardiopulmonary bypass for minimally invasive cardiac surgery using percutaneous peripheral cannulation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Subjects were 34 patients (age: 58 +/- 13 years; range: 17-73) undergoing minimally invasive cardiac surgery using percutaneous cardiopulmonary support between June 1997 and March 1999. Procedures included atrial septal defect closure (n = 14), partial atrioventricular septal defect closure (n = 1), mitral valve replacement (n = 8), mitral valve repair (n = 3), aortic valve replacement (n = 6), coronary artery bypass grafting (n = 1), and right atrial myxoma extirpation (n = 1). Bicaval venous drainage from the right internal jugular vein and the femoral vein and arterial return to the femoral artery were instituted by percutaneous cannulation. Venous drainage was implemented by negative pressure (-20 to -40 mmHg) and arterial return was by conventional roller pump. All procedures were conducted through a skin incision 8 +/- 1 cm, from 6 to 10 cm and partial sternotomy. Aortic cross clamping and cardioplegic solution were administered in the surgical field.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The operation lasted 224 +/- 45 min., cardiopulmonary bypass 104 +/- 32 min., and aortic clamping 77 +/- 23 min.. No deaths occurred. One patient with residual atrial septal defect required reoperation through the same skin incision. Only 1 patient required homologous blood transfusion. The average postoperative hospital stay was 15 +/- 5 days.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Minimally invasive cardiac surgery using percutaneous cardiopulmonary support is safe and an excellent option for selected patients affected by single valve lesion, simple cardiac anomalies, and coronary artery bypass grafting.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Saitama Medical School, Japan.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ohuchi
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kyo
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Asano
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tanabe
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yokote
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Omoto
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001021:Aortic Valve / Q000601:surgery; D006348:Cardiac Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D002315:Cardiopulmonary Bypass / Q000379:methods*; D001026:Coronary Artery Bypass / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006325:Heart Atria; D006338:Heart Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery; D006343:Heart Septal Defects / Q000601:surgery; D006344:Heart Septal Defects, Atrial / Q000601:surgery; D019918:Heart Valve Prosthesis Implantation; D006801:Humans; D007902:Length of Stay; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019060:Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D008943:Mitral Valve / Q000601:surgery; D009232:Myxoma / Q000601:surgery