Annexin A11 (ANXA11) gene structure as the progenitor of paralogous annexins and source of orthologous cDNA isoforms.
The genomic organization of the annexin A11 gene was determined in mouse and human to assess its congruity with other family members and to examine the species variation in alternative splicing patterns. Mouse annexin A11 genomic clones were characterized by restriction analysis, Southern blotting, and DNA sequencing, and the homologous human gene (HGMW-approved gene symbol ANXA11) was deciphered from high-throughput genomic sequence with coanalysis of expressed sequence tags. Exons 6-15 of the tetrad core repeat region differ from annexins A7 and A13 but are spliced identically to other phylogenetic descendents, making annexin A11 the putative primary progenitor of up to nine paralogous human annexins. The 5' regions consist of untranslated exon 1, followed by an extensive intron 1 comprising almost half the total gene length of >40 kb, and additional GC-rich exons 2-5 encoding the proline- and glycine-rich amino-terminus. Distinct cDNA isoforms in cow and human were determined to be unique to each species and hence of dubious general significance for this gene's function. Multiple transcription start sites were revealed by primer extension analysis of the mouse gene, and transfection constructs containing the prospective promoter generated transcriptional activity comparable to that of the SV40 promoter. Internal repetitive elements and vicinal gene markers were mapped for the complete human annexin A11 gene sequence to characterize the surrounding genomic environment.
Bances
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Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Edificio Santiago Gascon, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, E-33006, Spain.
Fernandez
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Rodriguez-Garcia
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Morgan
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Fernandez
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MP
D016475:3T3 Cells; D017398:Alternative Splicing; D000818:Animals; D017302:Annexins / Q000235:genetics*; D001483:Base Sequence; D004247:DNA / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D018076:DNA, Complementary / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics*; D005091:Exons; D005796:Genes / Q000235:genetics*; D008040:Genetic Linkage; D006801:Humans; D007438:Introns; D008156:Luciferases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008815:Mice, Inbred Strains; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000235:genetics; D020033:Protein Isoforms / Q000235:genetics; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012091:Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D014158:Transcription, Genetic
D017302:Annexins; D018076:DNA, Complementary; D020033:Protein Isoforms; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D004247:DNA; D008156:Luciferases