title: The presumptive reagent fluorescein for detection of dilute bloodstains and subsequent STR typing of recovered DNA.
abstract: A presumptive reagent for dilute blood detection other than luminol is fluorescein. The sensitivity of fluorescein approaches the sensitivity of detection levels of luminol. The fluorescein detection method offers the advantages of working in a lighted environment, and the reaction persists longer than luminol. A series of diluted bloodstains, ranging from neat to 1:1,000,000, was placed on a variety of substrates. Three sets were made per substrate. One set was exposed to fluorescein, one set was exposed to luminol, and one set served as an uncontaminated control. The fluorescein signal persisted longer than luminol. However, background staining for fluorescein was observed on some substrates within 30 s to 1 min, and no background staining was observed for luminol. Stains on non-absorbent surfaces were detectable at 1:100,000 dilutions, and stains on absorbent surfaces were detectable usually at no more than 1:100. The sensitivity of detection of fluorescein was comparable to that of luminol in this study. In all cases, where sufficient DNA was recovered, typeable results at all 13 core CODIS STR loci were obtained from treated bloodstains and controls. The results from STR typing indicate that there was no evidence of DNA degradation.
authors.affiliation: Scientific Analysis Section, FBI Academy, Quantico, VA 22135, USA.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Budowle
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Leggitt
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Defenbaugh
authors.forename: K M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Keys
authors.forename: S F
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Malkiewicz
mesh_terms: D001774:Blood Chemical Analysis; D003287:Contrast Media; D016172:DNA Fingerprinting / Q000379:methods*; D019793:Fluorescein; D005554:Forensic Medicine / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013048:Specimen Handling; D020080:Tandem Repeat Sequences / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D019793:Fluorescein