title: Solitary lung tumors and their spontaneous metastasis in athymic nude mice orthotopically implanted with human non-small cell lung cancer.
abstract: We examined the tumorigenic and metastatic potentials of three human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines, PC-14, A549 or Lu-99 cell lines suspended in Matrigel-containing phosphate-buffered saline were orthotopically implanted into the lungs of nude mice. The formation of a solitary tumor nodule in the lung was observed after the implantation of all cell lines. Intrapulmonary implantation of PC-14 or Lu-99 cells resulted in spontaneous distant metastases. In contrast, A549 cells caused multiple intrapulmonary metastases to the right and left lobes of the lung without producing visible lymphatic metastasis. We also investigated the expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), urokinase-type plasminogen activator (u-PA), u-PA receptor (u-PAR) and c-MET in these cell lines in vitro and in vivo. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis showed that the expression of MMP-2 and membrane-type 1 MMP (MT1-MMP) was elevated in PC-14 as compared with the other two cell lines. In contrast, stronger expression of c-MET was observed in A549 than in PC-14 or Lu-99. These results indicate that differential patterns of metastasis of lung cancer might be associated with differential expression of metastasis-associated molecules. Our orthotopic implantation models display clinical features resembling those of NSCLC, and may provide a useful basis for lung cancer research.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Natural Medicine, Department of Pathogenic Biochemistry, Toyama Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sugitani, Japan.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamaura
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Murakami
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Doki
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sugiyama
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Misaki
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yamada
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Saiki
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D000818:Animals; D018287:Carcinoma, Large Cell / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology*; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008297:Male; D020781:Matrix Metalloproteinase 1 / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics; D055293:Receptors, Urokinase Plasminogen Activator; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D014183:Transplantation, Heterologous; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D014568:Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: C524898:PLAUR protein, human; C524899:Plaur protein, mouse; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; D055293:Receptors, Urokinase Plasminogen Activator; D014568:Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2; D020781:Matrix Metalloproteinase 1