title: EUS in preoperative staging of pancreatic cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) is believed to be highly accurate in the local (T) and nodal (N) staging of pancreatic cancer. However, there are scant data concerning the predictive value of EUS for resectability of pancreatic adenocarcinoma. This study was performed to determine the accuracy of TNM staging by EUS in patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma and to evaluate the role of preoperative TNM staging by EUS for determining resectability in patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  This is a retrospective review of a cohort of 89 patients evaluated preoperatively with EUS for pancreatic adenocarcinoma between January 1995 and December 1997. Preoperative TNM classification by EUS was compared with surgical and histopathologic TNM staging. Resectability rates were determined and compared with the preoperative TNM staging by EUS.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The overall accuracy of EUS for T and N staging was found to be 69% and 54%, respectively. The overall proportion of tumors that were deemed resectable by EUS and were actually found to be resectable during surgical exploration was 46%. The proportion of tumors staged as T4 N1, T4 N0, T3 N1 and T3 N0 by EUS that were found to be resectable during surgical exploration was 45%, 37%, 44% and 62%, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In a tertiary referral patient population, EUS is not as accurate as previously reported in the T and N staging of pancreatic cancer. EUS is also not predictive of resectability in stage T3 or T4 pancreatic cancer.
authors.affiliation: Gastroenterology Division, Department of Medicine, Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Department of Surgery, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 19104-4283, USA.
authors.forename: N A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Ahmad
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Lewis
authors.forename: G G
authors.initials: GG
authors.lastname: Ginsberg
authors.forename: E F
authors.initials: EF
authors.lastname: Rosato
authors.forename: J B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Morris
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Kochman
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000601:surgery; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D019160:Endosonography; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000601:surgery; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012189:Retrospective Studies