title: Elastic fiber proteins in the glomerular mesangium in vivo and in cell culture.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Glomerular capillaries of the mammalian kidney are exposed to high intraluminal hydrostatic pressures and require elastic constraint to maintain size, shape, and integrity. Previous morphological and functional studies indicated that the extracellular matrices of glomeruli, that is, basement membrane and mesangial matrix, contribute to glomerular resilience and mechanical stability. Immunofluorescence microscopy findings demonstrated elastic fiber components to be located in the renal vasculature, including glomeruli. The aim of this study was to clarify the exact glomerular localization, composition, and cellular production of these proteins.
  
  
  METHODS
  We examined the renal distribution of the elastic fiber proteins fibrillin-1, emilin, microfibril-associated glycoproteins (MAGPs) 1 and 2, latent transforming growth factor-binding protein-1 (LTBP-1), and elastin using immunohistology and immunoelectron microscopy of human, rat, and mouse kidneys. In mesangial cell cultures, we also studied the expression and extracellular deposition of such proteins by use of Northern blotting and immunocytochemistry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fibrillin-1, emilin, MAGPs 1 and 2, and LTBP-1 were present in glomeruli of mouse, rat, and human kidney, where they were located predominantly in the mesangial extracellular matrix underlying glomerular endothelium and basement membrane. Several of these proteins, as well as elastin, were also expressed in the renal vasculature. While elastin localized to the glomerular vascular pole in afferent and efferent arterioles extending to Bowman's capsule, it was not found in the glomerular capillary tuft. Cultured mesangial cells of rat, mouse, and human kidneys expressed mRNAs of fibrillin-1, emilin, MAGP-2, and elastin, and the respective proteins localized within and outside of mesangial cells, as shown by immunocytochemistry. mRNA expression of fibrillin-1, emilin, and elastin was strong in quiescent mesangial cells; their gene expression was further up-regulated by transforming growth factor-beta1, while it was transiently reduced when cells were exposed to mitogenic 10% fetal calf serum and platelet-derived growth factor.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings demonstrate that specific elastic fiber proteins are produced and secreted by mesangial cells. This process is regulated by growth factors. Their abundance in the extracellular matrix of the mesangium is in keeping with the concept that elastic fiber proteins contribute to the mechanical stability and elastic strength of the glomerular capillary tuft.
authors.affiliation: Medizinische Klinik IV and Augenklinik mit Poliklinik, Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany. med4@rzmail.uni-erlangen.de
authors.forename: R B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Sterzel
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hartner
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Schlötzer-Schrehardt
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Voit
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hausknecht
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Doliana
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Colombatti
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Gibson
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Braghetta
authors.forename: G M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Bressan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000494:pharmacology; D000077214:Becaplermin; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003285:Contractile Proteins / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics*; D004548:Elasticity; D004549:Elastin / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000737:chemistry / Q000502:physiology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D005109:Extracellular Matrix / Q000737:chemistry / Q000502:physiology; D016326:Extracellular Matrix Proteins; D000071838:Fibrillin-1; D000071837:Fibrillins; D005455:Fluorescent Antibody Technique; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D005920:Glomerular Mesangium / Q000098:blood supply / Q000166:cytology* / Q000502:physiology*; D006706:Homeostasis / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D006874:Hydrostatic Pressure; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D053779:Latent TGF-beta Binding Proteins; D008297:Male; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics; D051379:Mice; D008833:Microcirculation / Q000502:physiology; D008840:Microfilament Proteins / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics*; D016253:Microscopy, Immunoelectron; D010982:Platelet-Derived Growth Factor / Q000494:pharmacology; D020574:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-sis; D000072260:RNA Splicing Factors; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D051381:Rats; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000494:pharmacology; D054392:Adipokines
chemical_list: D000925:Anticoagulants; D000077214:Becaplermin; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D003285:Contractile Proteins; D004549:Elastin; D016326:Extracellular Matrix Proteins; D000071838:Fibrillin-1; D000071837:Fibrillins; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D053779:Latent TGF-beta Binding Proteins; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D008840:Microfilament Proteins; D010982:Platelet-Derived Growth Factor; D020574:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-sis; D000072260:RNA Splicing Factors; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; C000605722:FBN1 protein, human; D054392:Adipokines; C000605724:Fbn1 protein, mouse; C000605725:Fbn1 protein, rat; C509032:LTBP1 protein, human; C509033:Ltbp1 protein, mouse; C030340:elastin microfibril interface located protein; C016598:microfibrillar protein