title: Phosphorylation of nucleosides and nucleoside analogs by mammalian nucleoside monophosphate kinases.
abstract: Nucleoside monophosphate kinases catalyze the reversible phosphotransferase reaction between nucleoside triphosphates and monophosphates, i.e., monophosphates are converted to their corresponding diphosphate form. These enzymes play an important role in the synthesis of nucleotides that are required for a variety of cellular metabolic processes, as well as for RNA and DNA synthesis. Human tissues contain a thymidylate kinase, a uridylate-cytidylate kinase, five isozymes of adenylate kinase, and several guanylate kinases. Nucleoside monophosphate kinases are also required for the pharmacological activation of therapeutic nucleoside and nucleotide analogs. This overview is focused on the substrate specificity, tissue distribution, and subcellular location of the mammalian monophosphate kinases and their role in the activation of nucleoside and nucleotide analogs.
authors.affiliation: Division of Clinical Virology, Karolinska Institute, Huddinge University Hospital, S-141 86, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Van Rompay
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Johansson
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Karlsson
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008322:Mammals / Q000502:physiology; D009703:Nucleoside-Phosphate Kinase / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D009705:Nucleosides / Q000378:metabolism*; D009711:Nucleotides / Q000378:metabolism*; D010766:Phosphorylation; D010770:Phosphotransferases / Q000378:metabolism; D013379:Substrate Specificity; D014018:Tissue Distribution
chemical_list: D009705:Nucleosides; D009711:Nucleotides; D010770:Phosphotransferases; D009703:Nucleoside-Phosphate Kinase