title: Responses to vibroacoustic stimulation in a fetus with an encephalocele compared to responses of normal fetuses.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Observation of fetal movement and fetal heart rate (FHR) responses to repeated vibroacoustic stimulation (VAS) might be useful as a measure to assess fetal well-being and to assess the integrity of the fetal central nervous system (CNS). We observed the movement and FHR responses to repeated VAS of a term fetus with a serious brain anomaly as compared to responses of normal term fetuses.
  In 37 normal term fetuses and in a term fetus with an encephalocele we studied movement and FHR response to repeated VAS. All normal fetuses responded within 1 s after stimulation with general body movement and FHR acceleration. At 36 gestational weeks, no movement or FHR responses were seen in the fetus with an encephalocele. Repetition of the test in this fetus after one week still showed no response to repeated VAS.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Normal fetuses showed movement and FHR responses to external stimulation. The fetus with an encephalocele did not respond to repeated VAS with a movement or FHR acceleration. Case studies in fetuses with structural anomalies of the CNS are needed to gain insight into the spectrum of possible responses to VAS.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics, University Medical Center St Radboud, Nijmegen, The Netherlands. c.vanheteren@obgyn.azn.nl
authors.forename: C F
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: van Heteren
authors.forename: P F
authors.initials: PF
authors.lastname: Boekkooi
authors.forename: H W
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Jongsma
authors.forename: J G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Nijhuis
mesh_terms: D000161:Acoustic Stimulation; D002531:Cerebellum / Q000002:abnormalities*; D004677:Encephalocele / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D005315:Fetal Diseases / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005324:Fetal Movement; D005865:Gestational Age; D006340:Heart Rate, Fetal; D006801:Humans; D011247:Pregnancy; D014732:Vibration