title: Experience with ureteral stone management in 1,082 patients using semirigid ureteroscopes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the efficacy and complications of ureteroscopic lithotripsy (URS) using semirigid ureteroscopes.
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrospectively analyzed the records of 1,082 consecutive patients with ureteral stones who were treated with URS with or without auxiliary extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy for stone fragments. The efficacy was estimated using the stone-free rate and efficiency quotient (EQ).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The stone-free rates were 79.0, 90.4 and 93.2% for upper, middle and lower ureteral stones, respectively. The EQ was 0.49 for upper, 0.79 for middle and 0.87 for lower ureteral stones. Ureteral perforation occurred in 54 cases (5.0%), of which 13 cases (1.2%) required nephrostomy (n = 11, 1.0%) or open surgery (n = 2, 0.2%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  URS is a reasonable procedure with minor complications for stones located in the lower and middle ureter, but cannot be recommended as a first-line treatment for upper ureteral stones.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Asahi General Hospital, Asahi City, Chiba, Japan.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hamano
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nomura
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kinsui
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Oikawa
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Murakami
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Igarashi
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ito
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D004867:Equipment Design; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014514:Ureteral Calculi / Q000628:therapy*; D020709:Ureteroscopes