title: Sentinel lymph node biopsy is accurate after neoadjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy has proved to be an accurate method for detecting nodal micrometastases in previously untreated patients with early-stage breast cancer. We investigated the accuracy of this technique for patients with more advanced breast cancer after neoadjuvant chemotherapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients with stage II or III breast cancer who had undergone doxorubicin-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy before breast surgery were eligible. Intraoperative lymphatic mapping was performed with peritumoral injections of blue dye alone or in combination with technetium-labeled sulfur colloid. All patients were offered axillary lymph node dissection. Negative sentinel and axillary nodes were subjected to additional processing with serial step sectioning and immunohistochemical staining with an anticytokeratin antibody to detect micrometastases.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fifty-one patients underwent SLN biopsy after neoadjuvant chemotherapy from 1994 to 1999. The SLN identification rate improved from 64.7% to 94.1%. Twenty-two (51.2%) of the 43 successfully mapped patients had positive SLNs, and in 10 of those 22 patients (45.5%), the SLN was the only positive node. Three patients had false-negative SLN biopsy; that is, the sentinel node was negative, but at least one nonsentinel node contained metastases. Additional processing revealed occult micrometastases in four patients (three in sentinel nodes and one in a nonsentinel node).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  SLN biopsy is accurate after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. The SLN identification improved with experience. False-negative findings occurred at a low rate throughout the series. This technique is a potential way to guide the axillary treatment of patients who are clinically node negative after neoadjuvant chemotherapy.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Surgical Oncology, Pathology, Breast Medical Oncology, and Nuclear Medicine, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
authors.forename: T M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Breslin
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cohen
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sahin
authors.forename: J B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Fleming
authors.forename: H M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Kuerer
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Newman
authors.forename: E S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Delpassand
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: House
authors.forename: F C
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Ames
authors.forename: B W
authors.initials: BW
authors.lastname: Feig
authors.forename: M I
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Ross
authors.forename: S E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Singletary
authors.forename: A U
authors.initials: AU
authors.lastname: Buzdar
authors.forename: G N
authors.initials: GN
authors.lastname: Hortobagyi
authors.forename: K K
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Hunt
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001365:Axilla; D001707:Biopsy, Needle; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D003520:Cyclophosphamide / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000077143:Docetaxel; D004317:Doxorubicin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005260:Female; D005472:Fluorouracil / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006801:Humans; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000473:pathology; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008875:Middle Aged; D020360:Neoadjuvant Therapy; D017239:Paclitaxel / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D021701:Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy; D013629:Tamoxifen / Q000008:administration & dosage; D043823:Taxoids
chemical_list: D043823:Taxoids; D013629:Tamoxifen; D000077143:Docetaxel; D004317:Doxorubicin; D003520:Cyclophosphamide; D017239:Paclitaxel; D005472:Fluorouracil