title: Long-term follow-up evaluation of magnetic resonance imaging in the prognosis of permanent GH deficiency.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In patients with GH deficiency (GHD), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has revealed morphological abnormalities such as pituitary hypoplasia, pituitary stalk agenesis (PSA) and ectopia of the posterior pituitary (PPE). The MRI anomalies have been more frequently reported in patients with multiple pituitary hormone deficiency (MPHD) than in subjects with isolated GH deficiency (IGHD). The aim of this work was to define which MRI anatomical abnormalities of the hypothalamo-pituitary area can be considered as a prognostic marker of permanent GHD.
  
  
  METHODS
  To investigate the relationship between the neuroradiological images and endocrine findings, we clinically re-evaluated 93 out of the 121 GHD patients with IGHD and MPHD previously studied.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No additional hormone deficiencies were observed in 55 out of 60 patients initially classified as having IGHD with a normal (15 cases) or reduced (40 cases) pituitary gland size, without other MRI abnormalities. The remaining five children, who had initially shown an apparently IGHD in spite of PSA and PPE, developed a MPHD over time. In 33 MPHD patients with (25 cases) or without (8 cases) MRI abnormalities, the associated hormone deficiencies were confirmed during follow-up.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The IGHD patients showing PSA and PPE inevitably develop additional hormone deficiencies, while IGHD subjects having no MRI abnormalities maintain IGHD. Moreover, the anatomical abnormalities of the hypothalamo-pituitary area can be considered as a prognostic marker of permanent GHD.
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze Pediatriche, Università di Pavia, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Piazzale C Golgi 2, 27100 Pavia, Italy. m.bozzola@smatteo.pv.it
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bozzola
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Mengarda
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sartirana
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Tatò
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Chaussain
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D012739:Gonadal Steroid Hormones / Q000097:blood; D019382:Human Growth Hormone / Q000172:deficiency*; D006801:Humans; D007030:Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000502:physiology; D007223:Infant; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D010900:Pituitary Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology; D010902:Pituitary Gland / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology; D011379:Prognosis; D011627:Puberty / Q000502:physiology; D013961:Thyroid Gland / Q000502:physiology; D013963:Thyroid Hormones / Q000097:blood; D014463:Ultrasonography
chemical_list: D012739:Gonadal Steroid Hormones; D013963:Thyroid Hormones; D019382:Human Growth Hormone