title: Effects of alpha adrenoreceptor antagonists, prazosin and. yohimbine, on intrathecal lidocaine-induced antinociception in mice.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The precise mechanisms involved in the spinal analgesic effect of lidocaine are not yet clear. We previously found that lidocaine releases noradrenaline, a modulator of nociception, in rat spinal cord. Here, we attempted to clarify whether or not the noradrenaline release contributes to spinal analgesia by lidocaine.
  
  
  METHODS
  The effects of intrathecal injections of the alpha adrenoreceptor antagonists, prazosin (0.01-0.3 nmol) and yohimbine (0.1-3 nmol), on intrathecal 2% lidocaine were assessed using the tail-flick (TF) test in mice.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Lidocaine significantly increased the TF latency for 15 min. Prazosin (0.03, 0.1 or 0.3 nmol) and yohimbine (0.3, 1.0 or 3.0 nmol) significantly reduced the lidocaine-induced increase of the TF latency 10 min after injection, although both drugs showed a ceiling effect.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that stimulation of the noradrenergic systems plays an important role in spinal analgesia by lidocaine.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Japan.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Uchihashi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kamei
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Fukuda
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakai
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Karasawa
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Satoh
mesh_terms: D000317:Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D007278:Injections, Spinal; D008012:Lidocaine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000187:drug effects; D011224:Prazosin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011930:Reaction Time / Q000187:drug effects; D012018:Reflex / Q000187:drug effects; D015016:Yohimbine / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000317:Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists; D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D015016:Yohimbine; D008012:Lidocaine; D011224:Prazosin