title: T-Independent immune response: new aspects of B cell biology.
abstract: Recent results emphasize the roles of T-independent antibody response in humoral defenses, for which B1 cells and marginal zone B cells are mostly responsible. We discuss how these cells are activated, migrate, and differentiate into antibody-producing cells in various lymphoid tissues. Based on recent findings in each of these areas of B cell biology, we propose a possible mechanism for peripheral tolerance of autoreactive B cells at target organs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshida, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fagarasan
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Honjo
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000917:Antibody Formation; D001323:Autoantibodies / Q000096:biosynthesis; D053264:B-Cell Activating Factor; D001402:B-Lymphocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology*; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D002465:Cell Movement; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007108:Immune Tolerance; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D018928:Immunity, Mucosal; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation; D008221:Lymphoid Tissue / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D018448:Models, Immunological; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D001323:Autoantibodies; D053264:B-Cell Activating Factor; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D008565:Membrane Proteins; C075396:PD1 protein, pig; C505719:TNFSF13B protein, human; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha