title: Phase I assessment of the pharmacokinetics, metabolism, and safety of emitefur in patients with refractory solid tumors.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the toxicities, dose-limiting toxicities (DLT), maximum-tolerated dose, and pharmacokinetic profile of emitefur (BOF-A2) in patients with advanced solid tumors.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a phase I dose-escalating trial in which cohorts of patients received BOF-A2 (cohort 1, 300 mg/m(2) orally [PO] tid; cohort 2, 200 mg/m(2) PO tid; cohort 3, 200 mg/m(2) bid; and cohort 4, 250 mg/m(2) bid) for 14 consecutive days followed by 1 week of rest (cycle 1). Pharmacokinetics, toxicity, and tumor response were monitored.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Nineteen patients received 110 cycles (three patients in cohort 1, three patients in cohort 2, 10 patients in cohort 3, and three patients in cohort 4). DLT (grade 3 stomatitis, diarrhea, leukopenia) was observed in cohorts 1, 2, and 4. Pharmacokinetics indicated that prolonged systemic expression of fluorouracil (5-FU) is maintained after administration of BOF-A2 at a dose of 200 mg bid for 14 days. The mean steady-state concentration of plasma 5-FU was > or = 24 ng/mL, which was 184-fold greater than the minimum effective cytotoxic concentration in vitro. Lack of variation of 5-FU trough levels within a day at steady-state indicates suppression of circadian variation. One patient in cohort 3 achieved a partial response and five patients maintained stable disease in excess of 6 months.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  BOF-A2 at a dose of 200 mg PO bid for 14 days followed by 7 days of rest is well tolerated. Prolonged exposure to 5-FU above the predicted preclinical minimum effective concentration is maintained, without evidence of circadian variation. Furthermore, evidence of antitumor activity is suggested.
authors.affiliation: US Oncology, Dallas, Texas 75246, USA. john.nemunaitis@usoncology.com
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Nemunaitis
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Eager
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Twaddell
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Corey
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sekar
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tkaczuk
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Thompson
authors.forename: P M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Hoff
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pazdur
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D005472:Fluorouracil / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; C053194:Emitefur; D005472:Fluorouracil