title: Garlic ameliorates gentamicin nephrotoxicity: relation to antioxidant enzymes.
abstract: Reactive oxygen species are involved in gentamicin (GM) nephrotoxicity, and garlic is effective in preventing or ameliorating oxidative stress. Therefore, the effect of garlic on GM nephrotoxicity was investigated in this work. Four groups of rats were studied: (i) fed normal diet (CT), (ii) treated with GM (GM), (iii) fed 2% garlic diet (GA), and (iv) treated with GM and 2% garlic diet (GM + GA). Rats were placed in metabolic cages and GM nephrotoxicity was induced by injections of GM (75 mg/kg every 12 h) for 6 d. Lipoperoxidation and enzyme determinations were made in renal cortex on day 7. GM nephrotoxicity was made evident on day 7 by (i) tubular histological damage, (ii) enhanced BUN and urinary excretion of N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase, and (iii) decreased creatinine clearance. These alterations were prevented or ameliorated in GM + GA group. The rise in lipoperoxidation and the decrease in Mn-SOD and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities observed in the GM group, were prevented in the GM + GA group. Cu, Zn-SOD activity and Mn-SOD and Cu,Zn-SOD content did not change. CAT activity and content decreased in the GM, GA, and GM + GA groups. CAT mRNA levels decreased in the GM group. The protective effect of garlic is associated with the prevention of the decrease of Mn-SOD and GPx activities and with the rise of lipoperoxidation in renal cortex.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Faculty of Chemistry, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), 04510, Distrito Federal, Mexico. pedraza@servidor.unam.mx
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pedraza-Chaverrí
authors.forename: P D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Maldonado
authors.forename: O N
authors.initials: ON
authors.lastname: Medina-Campos
authors.forename: I M
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: Olivares-Corichi
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Granados-Silvestre
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hernández-Pando
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Ibarra-Rubio
mesh_terms: D000118:Acetylglucosaminidase / Q000652:urine; D000818:Animals; D001806:Blood Urea Nitrogen; D002374:Catalase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D004032:Diet; D005737:Garlic; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic / Q000187:drug effects; D005839:Gentamicins / Q000633:toxicity*; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism*; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000473:pathology; D007672:Kidney Cortex / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects*; D008297:Male; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D010946:Plants, Medicinal; D011507:Proteinuria; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D005839:Gentamicins; D002374:Catalase; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D000118:Acetylglucosaminidase