title: Transient inhibition of interleukin 4 signaling by T cell receptor ligation.
abstract: Interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-12 together with T cell receptor (TCR) engagement are crucial for the differentiation of CD4(+) T cells into T helper (Th)2 or Th1 cells, respectively. Although IL-4 receptors (IL-4Rs) but not IL-12Rs are expressed on naive CD4(+) T cells, IL-4 has no apparent advantage over IL-12 in driving naive T cell differentiation when the cells are primed with both IL-4 and IL-12 in vitro. It was found that IL-4-induced phosphorylation of Janus kinases 1 and 3, IL-4R alpha, signal transducer and activator of transcription 6, and insulin receptor substrate 2 was strikingly but transiently inhibited by TCR ligation both in conventional and TCR transgenic T cells. TCR engagement also blocked the expression of an IL-4-inducible gene. Signals induced by other cytokines, including IL-2, IL-6, and interferon alpha, but not by insulin-like growth factor 1, were also blocked by TCR engagement. The capacity of various inhibitors to reverse TCR-mediated inhibition of IL-4 signaling suggested that activation of the Ras-mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway and of the calcineurin pathway contribute to desensitizing IL-4R. IL-4 responsiveness returned at about the time ( approximately 12 h) that IL-12-mediated signaling was first observed. Thus, through different mechanisms, neither IL-4R nor IL-12R has any clear advantage in polarizing cells; rather, the availability of cytokine is probably the limiting factor in this process.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Stonehouse
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Watson
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hu-Li
authors.forename: W E
authors.initials: WE
authors.lastname: Paul
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology*; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000172:deficiency / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D016898:Interferon-alpha / Q000494:pharmacology; D018664:Interleukin-12 / Q000276:immunology / Q000494:pharmacology; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000494:pharmacology; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000276:immunology* / Q000494:pharmacology; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000494:pharmacology; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008815:Mice, Inbred Strains; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D011948:Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000276:immunology*; D013154:Spleen / Q000276:immunology; D018417:Th1 Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology; D018418:Th2 Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D016898:Interferon-alpha; D007376:Interleukin-2; D015850:Interleukin-6; C499308:Rag2 protein, mouse; D011948:Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell; C064655:V(D)J recombination activating protein 2; D018664:Interleukin-12; D015847:Interleukin-4