title: Activation of myocardial angiogenesis and upregulation of fibroblast growth factor-2 in transmyocardial-revascularization-treated mice.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the growth factor responses associated with myocardial angiogenesis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Mice were treated with transmyocardial revascularization (TMR) and evaluated for angiogenic and growth factor responses.
  
  
  METHODS
  TMR was performed via thoractomy with a 27 g needle. At 2, 5, and 7 days post-treatment, hearts were removed from the TMR treated and control groups, then assayed for angiogenesis, fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-2 expression and vascular endothelial cell growth factor (VEGF) expression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  TMR caused an angiogenic reaction in the myocardial blood vessels at 7 days post-TMR treatment. Elevated FGF-2 corresponded with increased TMR related angiogenesis. VEGF levels only increased in hearts that were prewounded then TMR treated.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The data show that TMR stimulates myocardial angiogenesis. The angiogenic reaction is mediated by FGF-2 which increased in most experimental treatment groups. The VEGF response was more specific, requiring prewounding then TMR treatment for a VEGF increase.
authors.affiliation: McLaughlin Research Institute, Great Falls, Montana, USA.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Chiotti
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Choo
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Reichert
authors.forename: T M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Grass
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Duran
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Coffin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016228:Endothelial Growth Factors / Q000502:physiology; D016222:Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 / Q000378:metabolism*; D006321:Heart / Q000502:physiology*; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008222:Lymphokines / Q000502:physiology; D051379:Mice; D009204:Myocardial Revascularization; D009206:Myocardium / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D018919:Neovascularization, Physiologic / Q000502:physiology*; D015854:Up-Regulation; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D042442:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D016228:Endothelial Growth Factors; D008222:Lymphokines; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D042442:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors; D016222:Fibroblast Growth Factor 2