title: Prevention of suture hole bleeding using fibrin sealant: benefits of factor XIII.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Suture hole bleeding is a frequent complication in vascular surgery. The use of fibrin sealants (FSs) during surgery is reported to reduce blood loss by enhancing hemostasis.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Using a pig vascular graft model we investigated: (1) the use of FSs in vascular surgery and measured blood loss with and without the use of FSs; (2) the effect of factor XIII in FSs on hemostasis and blood loss; and (3) the effect of increasing FS incubation time on hemostasis and blood loss.
  
  
  METHODS
  During surgery, a 3-cm incision was made in the carotid artery wall. Incisions were covered with a Gore-Tex (PTFE) patch sutured with Ethicon monofil 5/0 or 3/0. The resulting suture holes were treated according to study protocol. Study 1: Nine pigs received either FS treatment (n = 5) or no treatment (n = 4). Study 2: Twenty pigs underwent bilateral surgery; right (n = 20) and left (n = 20) patches received either FS with factor XIII (FS + FXIII) or FS depleted of factor XIII (FS - FXIII). Study 3: Bilateral surgery was carried out on 24 pigs; PFTE patches secured with Ethicon 3/0 were treated with FS and allowed to polymerize for 120 s (n = 12), 180 s (n = 12), or 240 s (n = 12) or with solid support/thrombin (n = 12).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Study 1: Mean blood loss was significantly lower in the FS-treated group compared with untreated controls (9.2 +/- 10.6 mL vs 178.8 +/- 125.5 mL, mean +/- SD, P = 0.016). Study 2: Significantly less blood was lost in the FS + FXIII group than in the FS - FXIII group (Delta = 9.6 mL, P = 0. 02). Study 3: Blood loss was significantly higher from patches treated with solid support/thrombin compared with those treated with FS (P < 0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  FSs containing factor XIII, such as Beriplast P, are effective in reducing suture hole bleeding and improving hemostasis during vascular graft procedures. The presence of factor XIII contributes to the efficacy of FSs and reduces the time to hemostasis. During vascular surgery, blood loss can be reduced significantly by the use of fibrin sealant compared with absorbable gelatin sponges coated with thrombin.
authors.affiliation: Preclinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Aventis Behring, Postfach 1230, Marburg, D-35002, Germany.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Dickneite
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Metzner
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Nicolay
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004338:Drug Combinations; D005176:Factor XIII / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015718:Fibrin Tissue Adhesive / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005781:Gelatin Sponge, Absorbable / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006470:Hemorrhage / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006487:Hemostasis / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D013537:Sutures / Q000009:adverse effects*; D013552:Swine; D013917:Thrombin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013997:Time Factors; D014014:Tissue Adhesives / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D004338:Drug Combinations; D015718:Fibrin Tissue Adhesive; D014014:Tissue Adhesives; D005176:Factor XIII; D013917:Thrombin