title: A new conceptual model of asymmetry in motor performance for bidimensional fast-oscillating movements in selected variants of performance.
abstract: Spatial characteristics and lateral differences between two upper extremities were investigated in unilateral graphical tasks involving fast oscillating movements in the vertical plane based on the model of restricted (less than 10 degrees) horizontal abduction adduction in the shoulder joint. The spatial locations of reversal points were used to identify two groups of motor performance: with big angles and gross vertical vectors (stretched accordion group), and small projectile angles with small vertical vectors (compressed accordion group). Both groups appeared in right and left arm performance. The former group had a strong pattern of distribution of big and small projectile angles which reflects a particular variant of execution with a significant difference between angles and intermittent big and small angles (BB). Two other variants of execution relating to specific angular patterns of performance were identified in the compressed accordion group: one (Bs) showed a big difference between big and small angles but without intermittance; the other (ss) had only small differences between magnitudes of angles. The Bs variant of execution was observed only in left-handed performance, whilst ss was typical of both extremities. The performances affiliated to the stretched accordion group with the BB variant of execution mostly operated with reciprocal cooperation between alterations of X and Y vectors for the right arm. Performance related to the same group with the Bs variant of execution used concurrent collaboration involving alteration of these vectors for the left arm. The compressed accordion group which deployed the ss variant of execution mostly displayed concurrent alteration of vectors irrespective of the side of performance. It is suggested that the spatial movement strategies might reflect several different schemes of motor control wherein coupling of oscillators controls vertical and horizontal movements. It is also proposed that specific subunits of the functional system of nervous elements responsible for the expression of spatial derivatives of motor programmes may exist at lower levels of the CNS and might be initiated by the left brain or by the cooperative activity of the left and right hemispheres.
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Science, Faculty of Health Sciences and Technology, UNITEC, Auckland, New Zealand.
authors.forename: B J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Gutnik
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Nicholson
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Nash
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001132:Arm / Q000502:physiology; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D001921:Brain / Q000502:physiology*; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D005260:Female; D007839:Functional Laterality / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008954:Models, Biological; D008959:Models, Neurological; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000502:physiology; D009046:Motor Neurons / Q000502:physiology; D009048:Motor Skills / Q000502:physiology*; D009068:Movement / Q000502:physiology*; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000502:physiology; D009132:Muscles / Q000502:physiology; D013647:Task Performance and Analysis