title: Issues in tick vaccine development: identification and characterization of potential candidate vaccine antigens.
abstract: It is well established that acquired immunity against tick infestation can be induced by repeated tick infestation or by active immunization with either crude or purified native as well as recombinant antigens. This review provides insights into the development of tick vaccines with reference to identification, purification and molecular cloning of candidate target antigens.
authors.affiliation: Department of Disease Control, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0818, Hokkaido, Japan.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mulenga
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sugimoto
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Onuma
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000941:Antigens / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D010450:Endopeptidases / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D013984:Tick Infestations / Q000517:prevention & control; D013987:Ticks / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D014612:Vaccines / Q000276:immunology; D014614:Vaccines, Synthetic / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D000941:Antigens; D014612:Vaccines; D014614:Vaccines, Synthetic; D010450:Endopeptidases