title: Effect of modified sham feeding and insulin-induced hypoglycemia on function of the proximal stomach.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Animal experiments have shown that vagal cholinergic stimulation causes an increase in proximal gastric tone, but little is known about the effect of vagal stimulation on proximal gastric motor function in humans. Vagal cholinergic stimulation can be elicited by modified sham feeding (MSF) or by insulin-induced hypoglycemia. The aim of our study was to investigate the effect of MSF and insulin-induced hypoglycemia on the motor and sensory function of the proximal stomach in humans.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eight healthy volunteers participated in random order in three experiments: (A) control experiment, (B) MSF and (C) intravenous insulin injection. Intragastric volume was recorded with a barostat set at a constant preselected pressure level (MDP + 2 mm Hg). Pancreatic polypeptide (PP) secretion was measured as an indicator of cholinergic tone.
  
  
  RESULTS
  PP secretion increased significantly after both MSF (p<0.05) and insulin administration (p<0.01). No changes in intragastric volume were seen after MSF, while intragastric volume increased significantly in response to insulin-induced hypoglycemia when compared to control (290+/-43 vs. 148+/-24 ml; p<0.01). No differences in perception scores were seen between the three experiments.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Vagal cholinergic stimulation by MSF has no effect on the motor function of the proximal stomach, while insulin-induced hypoglycemia causes a relaxation of the proximal stomach.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology-Hepatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Mearadji
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Straathof
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Naaykens
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Frölich
authors.forename: C B
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Lamers
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Masclee
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004435:Eating / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D005769:Gastrointestinal Motility; D006801:Humans; D007003:Hypoglycemia / Q000503:physiopathology*; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007328:Insulin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010191:Pancreatic Polypeptide / Q000378:metabolism; D011950:Receptors, Cholinergic / Q000502:physiology; D013270:Stomach / Q000294:innervation* / Q000502:physiology; D014630:Vagus Nerve / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007328:Insulin; D011950:Receptors, Cholinergic; D010191:Pancreatic Polypeptide