title: Ventilator-associated pneumonia in very low-birth-weight infants at the time of nosocomial bloodstream infection and during airway colonization with Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study retrospectively the incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) at the time of Pseudomonas aeruginosa nosocomial bloodstream infection (BSI) and at the time of P aeruginosa airway colonization.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifteen very low-birth-weight infants who had P aeruginosa BSI and 33 others who did not but who had P aeruginosa airway-colonization were studied. We correlated clinical data, blood cultures (BCs), and tracheal cultures (TCs) with radiologic findings from radio-graphs taken within 2 days before, the day of, and 1 day after BCs or TCs were first positive for P aeruginosa. Chest radiographs were graded by using semiquantitative scores for bronchopulmonary dysplasia and for pneumonia.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean birth weight, gestational age, and age when BC or TC became positive were similar for patients with BSI and colonization. At the time of BSI, 2 infants had airway colonization with P aeruginosa; the TCs of the remaining 13 grew P aeruginosa as a new pathogen. Thirteen of 15 patients with BSI, but none of 33 infants with colonization, died within 2 days of positive BC. VAP was diagnosed in 13 of 15 patients with BSI and in 3 of 33 infants with colonization.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Mechanically ventilated very low-birth-weight infants whose TCs yield P aeruginosa but whose BCs remain negative infrequently have VAP are presumed airway-colonized and are expected to survive. Conversely, VAP is likely to be found when BCs and TCs simultaneously grow P aeruginosa, and high mortality is anticipated.
authors.affiliation: Newborn Services and the Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210-1228, USA.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cordero
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sananes
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Coley
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hogan
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gelman
authors.forename: L W
authors.initials: LW
authors.lastname: Ayers
mesh_terms: D001724:Birth Weight; D003428:Cross Infection / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology*; D016521:Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field; D004866:Equipment Contamination; D005260:Female; D005865:Gestational Age; D006753:Hospital Records; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D019102:Infant, Very Low Birth Weight; D007363:Intensive Care Units, Neonatal; D008297:Male; D009820:Ohio / Q000453:epidemiology; D011014:Pneumonia / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000382:microbiology; D011550:Pseudomonas aeruginosa / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D012121:Respiration, Artificial / Q000009:adverse effects*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014132:Trachea / Q000382:microbiology