title: Basophil and eosinophil accumulation and mast cell degranulation in the nasal mucosa of patients with hay fever after local allergen provocation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Basophils and mast cells have certain similarities and are believed to be important in upper and lower respiratory allergy.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We sought to apply immunohistology to investigate the distribution and numbers of mast cells and basophils in the nasal mucosa after allergen provocation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Allergen challenge with grass pollen was performed in 9 patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis out of the hay fever season. Nasal biopsy specimens were taken before and approximately 1 hour, 24 hours, and 1 week after intranasal allergen provocation. We determined relative numbers and their phenotypic characteristics by using mAbs specific for tryptase, chymase, IgE, eosinophils (BMK-13), and a new mAb against basophils (BB1) by using immunohistochemistry in frozen sections.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the nasal mucosa at baseline, practically no basophils were found in the epithelium. A significant increase in numbers was found in the epithelium and lamina propria of the nasal mucosa in the early phase as early as 1 hour after allergen provocation. At 24 hours and 1 week after allergen provocation, a significant increase in basophil numbers was found in the lamina propria only. The proportion of mast cells staining for chymase in the lamina propria decreased from a median of 38% (range, 0%-82%) to 14% (range, 0%-78%) within 1 hour of allergen provocation. The proportion of mast cells staining for chymase increased from 1% (range, 0%-86%) at baseline to 21% (range, 3%-85%) within 1 hour of allergen provocation. One week after provocation, mast cells returned to baseline numbers. A definite tissue eosinophilia was observed after allergen provocation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Basophil numbers are increased in the epithelium and lamina propria of the nasal mucosa of subjects with rhinitis after allergen challenge, with influx already apparent at 1 hour. Moreover, changes in mast cell percentages and numbers were observed within 1 hour of allergen provocation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Erasmus Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: KleinJan
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: McEuen
authors.forename: M D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Dijkstra
authors.forename: M G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Buckley
authors.forename: A F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Walls
authors.forename: W J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Fokkens
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000485:Allergens / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D001491:Basophils / Q000166:cytology*; D015550:Cell Degranulation; D053818:Chymases; D004804:Eosinophils / Q000166:cytology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007958:Leukocyte Count; D008297:Male; D008407:Mast Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000201:enzymology; D008875:Middle Aged; D009297:Nasal Mucosa / Q000166:cytology* / Q000276:immunology; D009299:Nasal Provocation Tests; D006255:Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal / Q000097:blood / Q000473:pathology*; D012697:Serine Endopeptidases / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood; D053802:Tryptases
chemical_list: D000485:Allergens; D012697:Serine Endopeptidases; C083294:chymase 2; D053818:Chymases; D053802:Tryptases