Growth and survival of Holstein and Brown Swiss calves reared outdoors in individual hutches.
The effects of outdoor raising of Brown Swiss and Holstein replacement calves in individual hutches were studied on a farm having northern Mediterranean climatic conditions. A total of 240 female calves was used with 30 calves of each breed and born in each of the four seasons. The animals were kept for 3 months in individual hutches and then in groups of 10 until 6 months of age. The birth weights of the Brown Swiss and Holstein calves were 37.2 +/- 0.21 and 37.9 +/- 0.22, respectively. The average birth weights were highest in spring and lowest in winter. Breed and seasonal effects were evident at 6 months. The live weights for the two breeds at 6 months were 114.1 +/- 1.3 and 126.3 +/- 1.5 kg, respectively. The numbers of health disorders were significantly higher in the first month of life. Mortalities occurred in the following months, being 2.5% in Holsteins and 5% in Brown Swiss by 6 months of age. The results indicated that calves can be reared outdoors successfully.
Ertugrul
O
O
Veterinary Faculty, Ankara University, Turkey. orhan@just.edu.jo
Alpan
O
O
Unal
N
N
Azeroglu
F
F
D000822:Animal Husbandry / Q000379:methods*; D000818:Animals; D001724:Birth Weight; D002417:Cattle / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000502:physiology; D002980:Climate; D005260:Female; D006799:Housing, Animal; D012621:Seasons; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D014421:Turkey; D015430:Weight Gain; D000078329:Workforce