title: The kdr mutation occurs in the Mopti form of Anopheles gambiae s.s. through introgression.
abstract: Anopheles gambiae s.s. is a complex of sibling taxa characterized by various paracentric inversions. In west and central Africa, where several taxa are sympatric, a kdr mutation responsible for pyrethroid resistance has been described in only one (the S taxon), suggesting an absence of gene flow between them. Following a thorough sampling, we have found a kdr mutation in another taxon (M). To establish whether this mutation is the same event or not, the large intron upstream of the kdr mutation was sequenced to find polymorphic sites in susceptible/resistant and M/S mosquitoes. The low genetic diversity found in this DNA region indicates that a local genetic sweep has recently occurred. However, some polymorphic sites were found, and it is therefore concluded that the kdr mutation in the M taxon is not an independent mutation event, and is best explained by an introgression from the S taxon. These results are discussed within the context of possible gene flow between members of An. gambiae s.s. taxa, and with the possible spread of the kdr mutation in other closely related malaria vectors of the An. gambiae complex.
authors.affiliation: Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution (UMR 5554), Laboratoire Génétique et Environnement, Université Montpellier II, Montpellier, France. weill@isem.univ-montp2.fr
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Weill
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Chandre
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Brengues
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Manguin
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Akogbeto
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Pasteur
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Guillet
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Raymond
mesh_terms: D000349:Africa; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D000852:Anopheles / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics*; D001483:Base Sequence; D017344:Genes, Insect; D005828:Genetics, Population; D007305:Insecticide Resistance / Q000235:genetics*; D007438:Introns; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009154:Mutation; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D011722:Pyrethrins / Q000494:pharmacology; D015222:Sodium Channels / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D011722:Pyrethrins; D015222:Sodium Channels