title: Fluoride for treating postmenopausal osteoporosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the efficacy of fluoride therapy on bone loss, vertebral and non-vertebral fractures and side effects in postmenopausal women.
  
  
  METHODS
  We searched Medline, Current Contents and the Cochrane Controlled Trial Registry up to December 1998.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two independent reviewers selected RCTs which met predetermined inclusion criteria.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two reviewers independently extracted data using predetermined forms and assessed the methodological quality of the trials using a validated scale. For dichotomous outcomes, relative risks (RR) were calculated and for continuous outcomes, weighted mean differences (WMD) of percentage change from baseline were calculated. Where heterogeneity existed (determined by a chi-square test) a random effects model was used.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eleven studies (1429 subjects) met the inclusion criteria. The increase in lumbar spine bone mineral density (BMD) was found to be higher in the treatment group than in the control group with a WMD 8.1% (95%CI: 7.15,9.09) after two years of treatment and 16.1%(95%CI: 14.65,17.5) after four years. The RR for new vertebral fractures was not significant at two years [0.87 (95%CI: 0.51,1.46)] or at four years [0.9(95%CI: 0.71,1.14)]. The RR for new non-vertebral fractures was not significant at two years 1.2(95%CI: 0.68,2.1) but was increased at four years in the treated group 1.85(95%CI: 1.36,2.5), especially if used at high doses and in a non slow release form. The RR for gastrointestinal side effects was not significant at two years 2.18(95%CI: 0.86,1.21) but was increased at four years in the treated group 2.18(95%CI: 1.69,4.57) especially if fluoride was used at high doses and in a non slow release form. The number of withdrawals and dropouts was not different between treated and control groups at two and four years.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although fluoride has an ability to increase BMD at lumbar spine, it does not result in a reduction of vertebral fractures. In increasing the dose of fluoride, one increases the risk of non-vertebral fracture and gastrointestinal side effects without any effect on the vertebral fracture rate.
authors.affiliation: Clinical Epidemiologist, 135 Riverdale Avenue, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, K1S-1R1. HaguenauerLTD@home.com
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Haguenauer
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Welch
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Shea
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Tugwell
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Wells
mesh_terms: D015519:Bone Density / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D005459:Fluorides / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D050723:Fractures, Bone / Q000517:prevention & control; D006801:Humans; D015663:Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal / Q000188:drug therapy*; D010710:Phosphates / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D012969:Sodium Fluoride / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D010710:Phosphates; C012980:fluorophosphate; D012969:Sodium Fluoride; D005459:Fluorides