title: Minimally invasive direct coronary artery bypass grafting: intermediate-term results.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Intermediate- and long-term clinical outcome and graft patency in minimally invasive direct coronary artery bypass grafting (MIDCABG) procedures remain a concern.
  
  
  METHODS
  Over a 13-month period, 66 MIDCABG procedures were performed utilizing robotic-assisted internal mammary artery (IMA) harvesting and direct CABG through a 5-cm thoracotomy without cardiopulmonary bypass. Clinical follow-up was obtained on all patients. Graft patency was assessed in 61 of 66 consecutive patients 6 months (range 2 to 15 months) postoperatively. Group I consisted of 45 patients who underwent IMA angiography and group II consisted of 16 patients who underwent both a nuclear stress test and transthoracic Doppler examination. All group II patients had abnormal preoperative nuclear stress tests for comparison.
  
  
  RESULTS
  To date, all 66 patients are alive. Graft patency rates in the two groups were 97.8% (45 of 46 grafts in 45 patients) in group I and 100% (15 of 15 grafts), with one indeterminate study, in group II. The overall patency rate for the entire study group was 98.3% (60 of 61 grafts). Sixty-two of 66 (93.9%) patients were able to return to their normal level of activity within 3 weeks.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study demonstrates that the MIDCABG with thoracoscopic IMA harvesting can achieve effective intermediate-term revascularization and an acceptable clinical outcome.
authors.affiliation: Pensacola Heart Institute of Sacred Heart Hospital, Florida, USA. vassiliades@pol.net
authors.forename: T A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Vassiliades
authors.forename: E W
authors.initials: EW
authors.lastname: Rogers
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Nielsen
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Lonquist
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001026:Coronary Artery Bypass / Q000379:methods*; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008323:Mammary Arteries / Q000601:surgery; D008875:Middle Aged; D019060:Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D009204:Myocardial Revascularization; D012371:Robotics; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014654:Vascular Patency