Regulation of gene expression by transcription factor acetylation.
In the nucleus, DNA is tightly packaged into higher-order structures, generating an environment that is highly repressive towards DNA processes such as gene transcription. Acetylation of lysine residues within proteins has recently emerged as a major mechanism used by the cell to overcome this repression. Acetylation of non-histone proteins, including transcription factors, as well as histones, appears to be involved in this process. Like phosphorylation, acetylation is a dynamic process that can regulate protein-DNA and protein-protein interactions. Moreover, a conserved domain, the bromodomain, has been implicated in the binding of acetylated peptides, suggesting a role for acetylation in intracellular signalling.
Bannister
A J
AJ
Wellcome/CRC Institute and Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom. ab149@mole.bio.cam.ac.uk
Miska
E A
EA
D000107:Acetylation; D000123:Acetyltransferases / Q000378:metabolism; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D051548:Histone Acetyltransferases; D006657:Histones / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009707:Nucleosomes / Q000235:genetics / Q000648:ultrastructure; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism*
D006657:Histones; D009707:Nucleosomes; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors; D000123:Acetyltransferases; D051548:Histone Acetyltransferases