title: Rapid detection of genotypes and mutations in the pre-core promoter and the pre-core region of hepatitis B virus genome: correlation with viral persistence and disease severity.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We aimed to clarify the clinical relevance of hepatitis B virus pre-core mutant detection in patients with chronic hepatitis B using a newly developed assay.
  
  
  METHODS
  Viral genotypes and pre-core mutations were studied in relation to viral persistence and liver disease severity using INNO-LiPA methodology. The study group included 151 patients with chronic hepatitis B, 85 positive for HBeAg (group I) and 66 positive for anti-HBe (group II).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The prevalence of viral genotypes in group I was: 64% A, 1% B, 15% C, 19% D, 0% E, 0% F and in group II: 39% A, 0% B, 2% C, 56% D, 2% E, 2% F (p<0.001). The prevalence of mutations at pre-core codon 28 (M2) was lower in group I (5%) than in group II (64%) (p<0.001). The prevalence of pre-core promoter mutations was also lower in group I (21%) than in group II (61%) (p<0.001). M2 mutations were more frequently detected in genotype D than in genotype A (p<0.001), while the other mutations were not influenced by viral genotype. Serum HBV DNA levels were significantly lower in group II versus group I (p<0.001), and in patients with any of the pre-core mutations versus wild-type sequence (p<0.01). Although cirrhosis was more frequent in group II (37%) versus group I (22%) and in patients with either one of the pre-core mutation (31%) versus wild-type sequence (25%), there was no statistical difference in liver severity assessed by ALT levels and Knodell score.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pre-core mutants, whose molecular pattern is strongly dependent on viral genotypes, are associated with viral persistence in anti-HBe positive patients with ongoing chronic hepatitis B. The availability of this rapid assay should allow a precise monitoring of viral pre-core mutants during the course of chronic hepatitis B.
authors.affiliation: Liver Unit, Hôtel-Dieu, Lyon, France.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Grandjacques
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pradat
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Stuyver
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chevallier
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Chevallier
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pichoud
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Maisonnas
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Trépo
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zoulim
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D005787:Gene Frequency; D016679:Genome, Viral; D005838:Genotype; D006509:Hepatitis B / Q000276:immunology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000821:virology; D006512:Hepatitis B Core Antigens / Q000235:genetics*; D006513:Hepatitis B e Antigens / Q000032:analysis; D006515:Hepatitis B virus / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009154:Mutation; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000235:genetics*; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D014779:Virus Replication
chemical_list: D006512:Hepatitis B Core Antigens; D006513:Hepatitis B e Antigens