title: Rapid bioanalytical determination of dextromethorphan in canine plasma by dilute-and-shoot preparation combined with one minute per sample LC-MS/MS analysis to optimize formulations for drug delivery.
abstract: The determination of dextromethorphan in canine plasma is used to demonstrate the high throughput bioanalytical approach of automated dilute-and-shoot (DAS) sample preparation followed by a 1 min isocratic liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis. Dilute-and-shoot preparation is commonly used for the determination of drugs in several biological matrices such as urine and saliva, but is not typically used with plasma samples because the amount of protein present in plasma can lead to a variety of problems including column failure. As a result, plasma sample preparation usually removes protein by precipitation, extraction or filtration; however, the dilute-and-shoot approach solubilizes proteins throughout the chromatographic portion of the assay. The attributes of this approach are compared with a previously validated liquid/liquid extraction procedure for determination of dextromethorphan in plasma. Accuracy and precision of both methods are similar. The lower limit of quantitation (LLOQ) of the dilute-and-shoot approach is much higher at 2 ng/ml versus 5 pg/ml with the liquid/liquid extraction; however, the sample throughput of the preparation portion of the dilute-and-shoot approach is more than 50-fold greater. The ruggedness of the dilute-and-shoot method was thoroughly investigated because of the problems traditionally associated with the direct injection of diluted plasma onto an LC-MS/MS instrument. With the optimal conditions, greater than 1,000 injections of diluted plasma have been successfully performed on a single column in less than 19 h making this technique an excellent approach for the rapid preparation and high throughput of plasma samples containing drug levels in the ng/ml range or higher. Application of this methodology to measure the levels of dextromethorphan in canine plasma to evaluate drug delivery from various formulations is also presented.
authors.affiliation: Health Care Research Center, The Proctor and Gamble Company, Mason, OH 45040, USA.
authors.forename: D L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: McCauley-Myers
authors.forename: T H
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Eichhold
authors.forename: R E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Bailey
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Dobrozsi
authors.forename: K J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Best
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Hayes
authors.forename: S H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Hoke
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000996:Antitussive Agents / Q000097:blood* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D001322:Autoanalysis; D002138:Calibration; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D003915:Dextromethorphan / Q000097:blood* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D004285:Dogs; D007202:Indicators and Reagents; D008297:Male; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D011786:Quality Control; D012371:Robotics
chemical_list: D000996:Antitussive Agents; D007202:Indicators and Reagents; D003915:Dextromethorphan