title: Pain as a mutual experience for patients, nurses and families: unique international perspectives from the Peoples' Republic of China, the United States, Malawi and Spain.
abstract: This article shares findings from a descriptive research study that explored pain recognition, pain intervention and perceived pain relief in laboring women, children and older adult patients from four very different countries. Researchers included co-investigators from each site and a team of more than 20 nurses from China, the United States, Malawi and Spain. This international, multi-site study investigated specific aspects of the phenomena of pain which are known to be of interest to nurses internationally. Critical issues related to feasibility of this study depended, in large part, on the ability of principle investigators to have access to a sample comprised of sub-samples of nationally different subjects that would represent the population of interest. Access to the four study countries was made possible through professional relationships previously developed by either one of the principal or co-investigators.
authors.affiliation: Hunter-Bellevue School of Nursing, Hunter College, City University of New York, USA.
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: McDermott
authors.forename: J N
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Natapoff
authors.forename: G C
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Essoka
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Rendon
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D001294:Attitude to Health / Q000208:ethnology*; D002648:Child; D002681:China; D003431:Cross-Cultural Comparison; D005190:Family / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008295:Malawi; D008297:Male; D015404:Nursing Methodology Research; D009740:Nursing Staff / Q000523:psychology*; D010146:Pain / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000451:nursing / Q000517:prevention & control; D011247:Pregnancy; D013030:Spain; D016746:Transcultural Nursing