title: Effects of ACE inhibitor, AT1 antagonist, and combined treatment in mice with heart failure.
abstract: We tested the hypothesis that a combination of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEi) and angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonist (AT1-ant) may have an additive cardioprotective effect in mice with heart failure (HF), because these two agents could have other mechanisms of action besides interrupting the renin-angiotensin system. ACEi prevent degradation of bradykinin. During treatment with AT1-ant, increased angiotensin II could activate AT2 receptors, with an antitrophic effect. To test this hypothesis, we used a mouse model of HF induced by myocardial infarction. Seven days after surgery, mice were divided into six groups and treated for 23 weeks: (a) sham ligation; (b) HF-vehicle; (c) HF-ACEi; (d) HF-AT1-ant; (e) HF-ACEi + AT1-ant (half dose of each); and (f) HF-ACEi + AT1-ant (full dose of each). Cardiac function was evaluated in conscious mice during the treatment period. The HF-vehicle group showed significantly decreased left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction (EF), shortening fraction (SF), and cardiac output (CO) and increased LV dimensions, interstitial collagen, and myocyte cross-sectional area (MCSA) compared with controls. Treatment with ACEi or AT1-ant significantly increased EF, SF, and CO and decreased LV dimensions and MCSA in mice with HF. However, a combination of these drugs did not improve cardiac function more than ACEi or AT1-ant alone. We concluded that ACEi and AT1-ant have similar cardioprotective effects and may reach maximal effect when given individually; thus no further improvement can be achieved with combined therapy in mice with HF.
authors.affiliation: Hypertension and Vascular Research Division, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan 48202, USA.
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Cavasin
authors.forename: X P
authors.initials: XP
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Y H
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Mehta
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Karumanchi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bulagannawar
authors.forename: O A
authors.initials: OA
authors.lastname: Carretero
mesh_terms: D000803:Angiotensin I / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000097:blood; D000804:Angiotensin II / Q000097:blood; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000818:Animals; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002302:Cardiac Output / Q000187:drug effects; D002908:Chronic Disease; D004452:Echocardiography; D005260:Female; D006321:Heart / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000473:pathology; D009206:Myocardium / Q000473:pathology; D009929:Organ Size / Q000187:drug effects; D017257:Ramipril / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D013318:Stroke Volume / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D013777:Tetrazoles / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D020257:Ventricular Remodeling / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D007093:Imidazoles; D013777:Tetrazoles; D000804:Angiotensin II; C070967:L 158809; D000803:Angiotensin I; D017257:Ramipril