title: Active remodeling of somatic nuclei in egg cytoplasm by the nucleosomal ATPase ISWI.
abstract: Cloning by the transplantation of somatic nuclei into unfertilized eggs requires a dramatic remodeling of chromosomal architecture. Many proteins are specifically lost from nuclei, and others are taken up from the egg cytoplasm. Recreating this exchange in vitro, we identified the chromatin-remodeling nucleosomal adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) ISWI as a key molecule in this process. ISWI actively erases the TATA binding protein from association with the nuclear matrix. Defining the biochemistry of global nuclear remodeling may facilitate the efficiency of cloning and other dedifferentiation events that establish new stem cell lineages.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Molecular Embryology, Building 18T, Room 106, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kikyo
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Wade
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Guschin
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ge
authors.forename: A P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Wolffe
mesh_terms: D000251:Adenosine Triphosphatases / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D002457:Cell Extracts; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000378:metabolism*; D003593:Cytoplasm / Q000502:physiology; D004247:DNA / Q000378:metabolism; D004265:DNA Helicases / Q000378:metabolism; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D006657:Histones / Q000378:metabolism; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D015530:Nuclear Matrix / Q000378:metabolism; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D056489:Nucleoplasmins; D009707:Nucleosomes / Q000378:metabolism*; D010063:Ovum / Q000502:physiology*; D010750:Phosphoproteins / Q000378:metabolism; D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D035381:TATA-Binding Protein Associated Factors; D035181:TATA-Box Binding Protein; D035581:Transcription Factor TFIIB; D035362:Transcription Factor TFIID; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism*; D014981:Xenopus; D000097796:Nucleolin
chemical_list: D000251:Adenosine Triphosphatases; D002457:Cell Extracts; D004247:DNA; D004265:DNA Helicases; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D006657:Histones; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D056489:Nucleoplasmins; D009707:Nucleosomes; D010750:Phosphoproteins; D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D035381:TATA-Binding Protein Associated Factors; D035181:TATA-Box Binding Protein; D035581:Transcription Factor TFIIB; D035362:Transcription Factor TFIID; D014157:Transcription Factors; D000097796:Nucleolin; C109035:BTAF1 protein, human; C086468:ISWI protein