title: Papillary muscle repair surgery in ischemic mitral valve patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Ischemic mitral regurgitation (MR), when ischemia/infarction has resulted in fibrotic degeneration and elongation of papillary muscles, carries a high risk for the patient and a technical challenge for the surgeon. We have developed a papillary-shortening plasty for this specific pathology.
  
  
  METHODS
  Papillary muscle repair was performed in 88 patients (7.2%) where degenerated and fibrotic elongated papillary muscles were found, which resulted in a prolapse of one or more parts of the mitral valve leaflets (MR III-IV). All patients had a papillary muscle-shortening plasty using a pericardium pledged-reinforced polytetrafluoroethylene suture and a ring annuloplasty. Because the cause of regurgitation in this specific group of patients was ischemic, concomitant coronary bypass grafting was required in all patients, with 2.2 grafts/patient.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were five hospital deaths (5.7%). Postoperative mitral valve function was satisfactory in all patients: no residual mitral regurgitation (MR 0) was found in 80 patients (90.9%), mild regurgitation (MR I) in 5 patients (5.7%), and moderate regurgitation (MR I-II) was observed in 3 patients (3.4%). Within a short mean follow-up period of 18.6 months (3 to 40 months), there was one late death (1.2%). The actuarial freedom from reoperation and thromboembolic complications was 100%, but there were two anticoagulation-induced gastric bleeding complications (2.3%). All patients were in New York Heart Association functional class I or II at the time of follow-up.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data show that careful assessment of papillary muscle pathology is mandatory, and that a papillary muscle-shortening plasty is a simple but valuable surgical tool to repair the mitral valve in this specific group of high-risk patients with ischemic mitral regurgitation.
authors.affiliation: Herz-und Gefaess-Klinik, Bad Neustadt, Germany. rfasol@heart-surgeon.com
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Fasol
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Lakew
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Pfannmüller
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Slepian
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Joubert-Hubner
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001026:Coronary Artery Bypass; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008943:Mitral Valve / Q000601:surgery; D008944:Mitral Valve Insufficiency / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D017202:Myocardial Ischemia / Q000150:complications*; D010210:Papillary Muscles / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures / Q000379:methods; D013537:Sutures