title: Automatic auditory information processing in sleep.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The mismatch negativity (MMN) component of the event-related potentials reflects the automatic detection of sound change. Only a few researchers have investigated the MMN elicitation during sleep in adult human and some of them reported that MMN amplitude was decreased in sleep compared to in waking. However, it is not clear that the decrease of MMN amplitude was due to increased drowsiness or long-term response decrement. Two experiments were conducted to clarify whether or not the MMN was elicited in each sleep stage. We presented auditory stimuli to subjects continuously from waking until sleep state (Experiment 1). Using the same experimental condition, we examined whether or not MMN amplitude was influenced by long-term stimulus presentation (80min.) and by vigilance level (Experiment 2).
  
  
  METHODS
  N/A SETTING: N/A PARTICIPANTS: N/A INTERVENTIONS: N/A MEASUREMENTS & RESULTS: Experiment 1: MMN was obtained in both drowsiness and REM sleep. MMN was significantly smaller in amplitude and shorter in latency in the both stages than in the waking state. However, MMN was not found in another sleep stage. Experiment 2: Amplitudes were no different among 0-20 min., 20-40 min., 60-80 min. But it was decreased in 40-60 min. and power value of alpha-wave was decreased in 40-60 min.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  To obtain the reliable data, by using the automatic spectral analysis, we confirmed that MMN was elicited in REM sleep. MMN was not influenced by long-term stimulation. The result suggested that auditory stimuli could be processed in the pre-attentive sensory memory even in REM sleep.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuropsychiatry, Hirosaki University School of Medicine, Japan. nashi@jomon.ne.jp
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nashida
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yabe
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hiruma
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sutoh
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Shinozaki
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kaneko
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004569:Electroencephalography; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012894:Sleep Stages / Q000502:physiology; D012895:Sleep, REM / Q000502:physiology*; D014851:Wakefulness / Q000502:physiology