title: Effect of Staphylococcus enterotoxin B on the concurrent CD8(+) T cell response to influenza virus infection.
abstract: Bacterial superantigens have potent in vivo effects. Respiratory viral infections are often associated with secondary bacterial infections, raising the likelihood of exposure to bacterial superantigens after the initiation of the anti-viral immune response. In this study, the general and V beta-specific effects of exposure to Staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) during influenza virus infection on both the ongoing acute and the subsequent recall CD8(+) T cell responses were analyzed, using the well-characterized murine influenza model system and tetrameric MHC/peptide reagents to directly identify virus-specific T cells. The results show that although superantigen exposure during the primary viral infection caused delayed viral clearance, there was remarkably little effect of SEB on the magnitude or TCR repertoire of the ongoing cytolytic T cell response or on the recall response elicited by secondary viral infection. Thus, despite the well-characterized immunomodulatory effects of SEB, there was surprisingly little interference with concurrent anti-viral immunity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, USA.
authors.forename: C C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Coppola
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Nguyen
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Carragher
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rohl
authors.forename: K J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Flynn
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Altman
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Blackman
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000818:Animals; D001992:Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid / Q000276:immunology; D003602:Cytotoxicity, Immunologic; D004768:Enterotoxins / Q000276:immunology*; D005260:Female; D007156:Immunologic Memory; D009980:Influenza A virus / Q000276:immunology; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000032:analysis; D008168:Lung / Q000276:immunology; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D009976:Orthomyxoviridae Infections / Q000276:immunology*; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000276:immunology; D011948:Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell / Q000235:genetics; D018089:Superantigens / Q000276:immunology*; D013602:T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic / Q000276:immunology*; D014758:Viral Core Proteins / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D004768:Enterotoxins; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D011948:Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell; D018089:Superantigens; D014758:Viral Core Proteins; C102366:nucleoprotein (366-374), influenza virus; C031818:enterotoxin B, staphylococcal; D007371:Interferon-gamma