title: Early results of hyperopic and astigmatic laser in situ keratomileusis in eyes with secondary hyperopia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the safety and efficacy of laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) for secondary hyperopia and hyperopic astigmatism and to develop a VISX STAR S2 LASIK nomogram (VISX Inc., Santa Clara, CA) for consecutive hyperopia after prior myopic refractive surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective, nonrandomized, self-controlled interventional study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty patients with consecutive hyperopia or hyperopia and astigmatism after LASIK, photorefractive keratectomy, automated lamellar keratoplasty, or radial keratotomy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective evaluation of LASIK in 30 secondary eyes with fogged manifest sphere from +0.5 to +6.0 diopters (D) and cylinder from 0 to +5.0 D.
  
  
  METHODS
  Uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA), best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), and spherical equivalent (SE).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean manifest SE was +1.73 +/- 0.79 D before surgery, -0.13 +/- 1.00 D at 6 months after surgery, and -0.18 +/- 1.08 D at 1 year after surgery. At 6 months, 84% of patients with secondary hyperopia had UCVA of 20/40 or better; 76% were within +/-1 D of emmetropia. At 1 year, 85% had UCVA of 20/40 or better and 85% were within +/-1 D of emmetropia. No patients with secondary hyperopia lost 2 or more lines of BCVA at 1 year. Complications included intraoperative bleeding (3.3%), intraoperative epithelial defect (3.3%), transient interface debris (3.3%), significant dry eye (3.3%), blood in interface (3.3%), irregular astigmatism (6.7%), slight decentration (6.7%), trace haze (6.7%), or mild epithelial ingrowth not requiring removal (3.3%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These early data suggest that LASIK for consecutive hyperopia from +0.5 to +5.50 D and astigmatism from 0 to +2.75 D using the VISX STAR S2 benefits from a nomogram adjusted for preoperative refraction, age, and prior refractive surgery, and is safe and effective.
authors.affiliation: Minnesota Eye Laser and Surgery Center, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.
authors.forename: R L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Lindstrom
authors.forename: E J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Linebarger
authors.forename: D R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Hardten
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Houtman
authors.forename: T W
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Samuelson
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000465:Algorithms; D001251:Astigmatism / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery*; D003315:Cornea / Q000601:surgery*; D016039:Corneal Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006956:Hyperopia / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery*; D007049:Iatrogenic Disease; D020731:Keratomileusis, Laser In Situ / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D007646:Keratotomy, Radial / Q000009:adverse effects; D054018:Lasers, Excimer; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009216:Myopia / Q000601:surgery; D018903:Photorefractive Keratectomy / Q000009:adverse effects; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000601:surgery*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012086:Reoperation; D012449:Safety; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014792:Visual Acuity