title: Ocular bartonellosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To review recent advances in the basic and clinical biology of Bartonella-related eye disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  A review of the pertinent medical literature was performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A number of novel Bartonella species have been identified over the past decade. Of these, Bartonella henselae, the etiologic agent in cat scratch disease, is most often associated with ocular complications, which may include Parinaud oculoglandular syndrome, neuroretinitis, and focal retinochoroiditis. Although cat and flea exposure appear to be the main risk factors for contracting cat scratch disease, the diagnosis of ocular bartonellosis relies primarily on the recognition of suggestive clinical signs in conjunction with positive serologic testing. B. henselae-associated ocular complications are usually self-limited but may be treated with doxycycline or erythromycin, with or without rifampin, when the infections are severe or sight-threatening.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  B. henselae infection is common and should be considered in patients with Parinaud oculoglandular syndrome, neuroretinitis, or focal retinochoroiditis, particularly when there is a history of cat or flea exposure.
authors.affiliation: The Francis I. Proctor Foundation, Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, Medical Center, San Francisco, California 94143-0944, USA. emmett@itsa.ucsf.edu
authors.forename: E T
authors.initials: ET
authors.lastname: Cunningham
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Koehler
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial / Q000032:analysis; D018416:Bartonella henselae / Q000276:immunology / Q000302:isolation & purification; D002372:Cat-Scratch Disease / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000266:history / Q000382:microbiology; D004318:Doxycycline / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004917:Erythromycin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015818:Eye Infections, Bacterial / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000266:history / Q000382:microbiology; D049672:History, 19th Century; D049673:History, 20th Century; D006801:Humans
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial; D004917:Erythromycin; D004318:Doxycycline