Dynamic expression and activity of NF-kappaB during post-natal mammary gland morphogenesis.
The Rel/NF-kappaB family of transcription factors has been implicated in such diverse cellular processes as proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. As each of these processes occurs during post-natal mammary gland morphogenesis, the expression and activity of NF-kappaB factors in the murine mammary gland were examined. Immunohistochemical and immunoblot analyses revealed expression of the p105/p50 and RelA subunits of NF-kappaB, as well as the major inhibitor, IkappaBalpha, in the mammary epithelium during pregnancy, lactation, and involution. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) demonstrated that DNA-binding complexes containing p50 and RelA were abundant during pregnancy and involution, but not during lactation. Activity of an NF-kappaB-dependent luciferase reporter in transgenic mice was highest during pregnancy, decreased to near undetectable levels during lactation, and was elevated during involution. This highly regulated pattern of activity was consistent with the modulated expression of p105/p50, RelA, and IkappaBalpha.
Brantley
D M
DM
Department of Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
Yull
F E
FE
Muraoka
R S
RS
Hicks
D J
DJ
Cook
C M
CM
Kerr
L D
LD
D000818:Animals; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000378:metabolism; D003593:Cytoplasm / Q000378:metabolism; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D020672:I-kappa B Proteins; D008321:Mammary Glands, Animal / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D009024:Morphogenesis; D000072000:NF-KappaB Inhibitor alpha; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D052002:NF-kappa B p50 Subunit; D011247:Pregnancy; D011498:Protein Precursors / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D016329:Sp1 Transcription Factor / Q000378:metabolism; D051996:Transcription Factor RelA; D014404:Tubulin / Q000378:metabolism
D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D020672:I-kappa B Proteins; D016328:NF-kappa B; D052002:NF-kappa B p50 Subunit; C000606204:NFKBIA protein, human; C000606205:Nfkbia protein, mouse; D011498:Protein Precursors; D016329:Sp1 Transcription Factor; D051996:Transcription Factor RelA; D014404:Tubulin; D000072000:NF-KappaB Inhibitor alpha