title: Changes of cortical excitability in patients with upper limb amputation.
abstract: In our study we wanted to assess motor excitability in patients with upper limb amputation by means of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). In 12 patients, TMS was applied using a paired pulse paradigm in order to test cortico-cortical excitability. Additional parameters of motor excitability like motor threshold and cortical silent period were also measured. Recordings from the amputated side were compared to the contralateral side and to healthy controls. We found a significant reduction of intracortical inhibition in forearm amputees and an enhancement of intracortical facilitation in upper arm amputees on the affected side. We conclude that after upper limb amputation, changes in the activity of intracortical interneuronal circuits appear in the affected hemisphere. These changes may depend on the level of amputation, and be the base of cortical reorganization.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Ruhr-University Bochum, BG-Kliniken Bergmannsheil, Buerkle-de-la-Camp-Platz 1, D-44789, Bochum, Germany. peter.schwenkreis@ruhr-uni-bochum.de
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Schwenkreis
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Witscher
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Janssen
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Dertwinkel
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zenz
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Malin
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tegenthoff
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000671:Amputation, Surgical; D001132:Arm / Q000294:innervation / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000528:radiation effects; D055590:Electromagnetic Phenomena / Q000379:methods; D019054:Evoked Potentials, Motor; D019706:Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010591:Phantom Limb / Q000503:physiopathology