title: Lack of selective developmental neurotoxicity in rat pups from dams treated by gavage with chlorpyrifos.
abstract: Pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were given chlorpyrifos (O:, O-diethyl-O:-[3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinyl] phosphorothioate; CPF) in corn oil by gavage from gestation day 6 (GD 6) through lactation day 10 (LD 10) at dosages of 0, 0.3, 1, or 5 mg/kg/day in a developmental neurotoxicity study that conformed to U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 1991 guidelines. GD 0 was the day when evidence of mating was observed and postnatal day 0 (PND 0) was the day of birth. Toxicity was limited to the highest dosage level (5 mg/kg/day) and, in the dams, consisted of muscle fasciculation, hyperpnea, and hyperreactivity. A nonsignificant overall trend toward weight gain and feed consumption was also observed in the high-dosage dams, with a statistically significant Group x Time interaction for reduced weight gain in the 5-mg/kg/day group near the end of gestation. Although many developmental indices were normal, pups from high-dosage dams had increased mortality soon after birth, gained weight more slowly than controls, and had several indications of slightly delayed maturation. The early deaths and delayed maturation were attributed to maternal toxicity, though a possible contributing role of direct pup toxicity in delayed development cannot be eliminated. In spite of the apparent delay in physical development, high-dosage pups tested just after weaning had normal learning and memory as tested on a T-maze spatial delayed-alternation task. Habituation, a primitive form of learning, was tested in 2 tasks (motor activity and auditory startle) and was not affected. No overt effects were noted in either dams or pups at 1 or 0.3 mg/kg/day. Based on these data, chlorpyrifos produced maternal and developmental toxicity in the 5-mg/kg/day-dosage group. There was no evidence of selective developmental neurotoxicity following exposure to chlorpyrifos.
authors.affiliation: The Dow Chemical Company, Midland, Michigan 48674, USA. jpjm@dow.com
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Maurissen
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Hoberman
authors.forename: R H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Garman
authors.forename: T R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Hanley
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn / Q000254:growth & development; D000833:Animals, Suckling / Q000254:growth & development; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D001921:Brain / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000187:drug effects*; D004390:Chlorpyrifos / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity*; D002802:Cholinesterases / Q000097:blood; D003071:Cognition / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D007306:Insecticides / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity*; D008297:Male; D018811:Maternal Exposure; D018782:Maze Learning / Q000187:drug effects; D008568:Memory / Q000187:drug effects; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000187:drug effects; D009421:Nervous System Malformations / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000473:pathology; D009929:Organ Size / Q000187:drug effects; D011247:Pregnancy; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013216:Reflex, Startle / Q000187:drug effects; D013028:Space Perception / Q000187:drug effects; D018675:Toxicity Tests
chemical_list: D007306:Insecticides; D002802:Cholinesterases; D004390:Chlorpyrifos