title: Tumor necrosis factor-alpha and transforming growth factor-beta1 in chronic periapical lesions.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Proinflammatory cytokines are involved in the pathogenesis of periapical lesions. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the presence of the cytokines tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and transforming growth factor-beta(1) (TGF-beta(1)) in periapical pathosis and to determine their relationship to the size of the lesions.
  
  
  METHODS
  One tooth from each of 25 patients was root-end resected, and the periapical lesion was collected. The amounts of TNF-alpha and TGF-beta(1) were assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  TGF-beta(1) was detected in 21 of 25 lesions. In samples with scar tissue, no TGF-beta(1) activity was detected. A statistically significant correlation was found between TGF-beta(1) per milligram of tissue and the diameter of the lesions. TNF-alpha was detected in only 2 samples.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  TGF-beta(1) was present in periapical granulomas and cysts but not in lesions with scar tissue. The correlation between the amount of TGF-beta(1) per milligram of tissue and the size of the lesion was significant.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cariology and Endodontics, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge University Hospital, Sweden. john.danin@ofa.ki.se
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Danin
authors.forename: L E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Linder
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lundqvist
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Andersson
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010484:Periapical Granuloma / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012184:Retrograde Obturation; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha