title: Chronic hydrocephalus presenting with bilateral ptosis after minor head injury: case report.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Some patients with hydrocephalus may exhibit various signs of oculomotor dysfunction. However, ptosis has not previously been described in chronic hydrocephalus patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  We report a 50-year-old woman who was diagnosed with chronic hydrocephalus based on an evaluation for bilateral ptosis after a minor head injury. She exhibited bilateral ptosis and upward gaze paralysis, but other oculomotor functions were normal. Neuroimages revealed chronic hydrocephalus with no traumatic abnormalities.
  
  
  METHODS
  The eyelid dysfunction resolved after placement of a right ventriculoperitoneal shunt with a programmable pressure valve.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The resolution of eyelid dysfunction by cerebrospinal fluid diversion suggests that chronic hydrocephalus was involved in the development of ptosis after the minor head injury. A mild but sudden cerebrospinal fluid pressure change at the time of minor head injury might induce functional impairment at the level of vulnerable periaqueductal structures, which barely withstood the longstanding ventriculomegaly, resulting in the clinical features observed in our patient.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Mie University School of Medicine, and Mie Prefectural General Medical Center, Yokkaichi, Japan.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Matsubara
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kanamaru
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kojima
mesh_terms: D001763:Blepharoptosis / Q000209:etiology*; D002908:Chronic Disease; D006259:Craniocerebral Trauma / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006849:Hydrocephalus / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery; D008875:Middle Aged; D011877:Radionuclide Imaging; D017287:Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt