title: X-ray videodensitometric methods for blood flow and velocity measurement: a critical review of literature.
abstract: Blood flow rate and velocity are important parameters for the study of vascular systems, and for the diagnosis, monitoring and evaluation of treatment of cerebro- and cardiovascular disease. For rapid imaging of cerebral and cardiac blood vessels, digital x-ray subtraction angiography has numerous advantages over other modalities. Roentgen-videodensitometric techniques measure blood flow and velocity from changes of contrast material density in x-ray angiograms. Many roentgen-videodensitometric flow measurement methods can also be applied to CT, MR and rotational angiography images. Hence, roentgen-videodensitometric blood flow and velocity measurement from digital x-ray angiograms represents an important research topic. This work contains a critical review and bibliography surveying current and old developments in the field. We present an extensive survey of English-language publications on the subject and a classification of published algorithms. We also present descriptions and critical reviews of these algorithms. The algorithms are reviewed with requirements imposed by neuro- and cardiovascular clinical environments in mind.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiological Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles 90095, USA.
authors.forename: S D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Shpilfoygel
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Close
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Valentino
authors.forename: G R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Duckwiler
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D000792:Angiography / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods*; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity; D003720:Densitometry / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D014741:Video Recording / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D014965:X-Rays