title: Efficacy and safety of bacille Calmette-Guérin immunotherapy in superficial bladder cancer.
abstract: In the United States, bladder cancer is the fourth most common human malignancy. In the past decade, the incidence of bladder cancer has increased by 36%. However, mortality has declined by 8%. Intravesical chemotherapy was considered to be partially responsible for this improvement in survival, but a recent review of clinical studies shows no reduction in disease progression with intravesical chemotherapy. Fortunately, the results of immunotherapy with bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) are quite different, and it is expected that patients treated with optimal BCG treatment regimens will have a long-term reduction in tumor recurrence, tumor progression, and cancer mortality.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, 26506, USA.
authors.forename: D L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Lamm
mesh_terms: D001500:BCG Vaccine / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D019496:Cancer Vaccines / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002278:Carcinoma in Situ / Q000628:therapy*; D018849:Controlled Clinical Trials as Topic; D006801:Humans; D007167:Immunotherapy; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000628:therapy*
chemical_list: D001500:BCG Vaccine; D019496:Cancer Vaccines