title: CLIF, a novel cycle-like factor, regulates the circadian oscillation of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 gene expression.
abstract: The onset of myocardial infarction occurs frequently in the early morning, and it may partly result from circadian variation of fibrinolytic activity. Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 activity shows a circadian oscillation and may account for the morning onset of myocardial infarction. However, the molecular mechanisms regulating this circadian oscillation remain unknown. Recent evidence indicates that basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH)/PAS domain transcription factors play a crucial role in controlling the biological clock that controls circadian rhythm. We isolated a novel bHLH/PAS protein, cycle-like factor (CLIF) from human umbilical vein endothelial cells. CLIF shares high homology with Drosophila CYCLE, one of the essential transcriptional regulators of circadian rhythm. CLIF is expressed in endothelial cells and neurons in the brain, including the suprachiasmatic nucleus, the center of the circadian clock. In endothelial cells, CLIF forms a heterodimer with CLOCK and up-regulates the PAI-1 gene through E-box sites. Furthermore, Period2 and Cryptochrome1, whose expression show a circadian oscillation in peripheral tissues, inhibit the PAI-1 promoter activation by the CLOCK:CLIF heterodimer. These results suggest that CLIF regulates the circadian oscillation of PAI-1 gene expression in endothelial cells. In addition, the results potentially provide a molecular basis for the morning onset of myocardial infarction.
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular and the Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. kmae-tky@umin.ac.jp
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Maemura
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: de la Monte
authors.forename: M T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Chin
authors.forename: M D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Layne
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Hsieh
authors.forename: S F
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Yet
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Perrella
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D056930:ARNTL Transcription Factors; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D051792:Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Proteins; D002940:Circadian Rhythm; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D019281:Dimerization; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D018257:Helix-Loop-Helix Motifs; D006801:Humans; D017403:In Situ Hybridization; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010802:Phylogeny; D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 / Q000235:genetics*; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D015533:Transcriptional Activation
chemical_list: D056930:ARNTL Transcription Factors; D051792:Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Proteins; D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1; D014157:Transcription Factors; C486615:BMAL2 protein, human