title: Repeated exposures to cobalt or chromate on the hands of patients with hand eczema and contact allergy to that metal.
abstract: The present study aimed at evaluating the effects of daily repeated exposures to low cobalt or chromate concentrations on the hands of patients with hand eczema and cobalt or chromate allergy. For 2 weeks, the patients immersed a finger for 10 min daily into the appropriate metal salt solution in water. During the 1st week, this was a 10 or 50 mg/l cobalt concentration or a 10 mg/l chromate concentration, and, during the 2nd week, a 100 or 200 mg/l cobalt concentration or a 100 mg/l chromate concentration. This regimen elicited a flare of hand eczema only in the chromate-exposed chromate-sensitive patients. During the exposure period, accumulation of cobalt or chromate in the nail was demonstrated. Standardization of chemical methods of quantification of skin exposure to allergens, combined with experimental exposure studies in patients with specific contact allergy, will increase the possibility of providing evidence-based medicine in the area of allergic contact dermatitis in the future.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hellerup, Denmark.
authors.forename: N H
authors.initials: NH
authors.lastname: Nielsen
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kristiansen
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Borg
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Christensen
authors.forename: L K
authors.initials: LK
authors.lastname: Poulsen
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Menné
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000485:Allergens / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002840:Chromates / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000032:analysis; D003035:Cobalt / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000032:analysis; D017449:Dermatitis, Allergic Contact / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004485:Eczema / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004781:Environmental Exposure; D005260:Female; D005385:Fingers / Q000503:physiopathology; D006229:Hand Dermatoses / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009262:Nails / Q000378:metabolism; D010865:Pilot Projects; D013054:Spectrophotometry, Atomic; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000485:Allergens; D002840:Chromates; D003035:Cobalt