[Therapy options in systemic AL-amyloidosis with renal involvement].
OBJECTIVE
Despite significant efficacy of melphalan and prednisone in the therapy of systemic AL(light chain amyloid)amyloidosis the prognosis of the disease is poor. In patients with severe renal manifestation the reported results of low-dose melphalan therapy are inconclusive with respect to relief of clinical symptoms and overall prognosis.


METHODS
We report our results of therapy in a group of 22 patients (8 women, 14 men, mean age 60 years) with renal involvement as the main manifestation of systemic AL-amyloidosis without overt myeloma.


RESULTS
Ten patients were treated with low doses of melphalan and prednisone. No significant clinical improvement was observed in any case: the patients died an average of 12 months after diagnosis of the disease. Three patients were treated with high doses of melphalan followed by autologous stem cell transplantation. One patient died due to septicaemia after high-dose chemotherapy. Two of the patients experienced significant remission and live virtually free of clinical symptoms 12 and 18 months after therapy. Nine patients were treated only symptomatically: four of them were alive an average of 30 months after diagnosis of systemic AL-amyloidosis.


CONCLUSIONS
Only high-dose melphalan therapy offered a realistic chance of amelioration of clinical symptoms in our group of patients, although therapy-associated risks seem to be high. In patients with severe renal amyloidosis, who are not considered for high-dose therapy, particularly careful consideration of potential benefits and possible risks of conventional melphalan therapy is necessary, because the results of this approach are in doubt.
Hetzel
G R
GR
Klinik für Nephrologie und Rheumatologie, Onkologie und klinische Immunologie, Heinrich Heine Universität Düsseldorf. hetzel@med.uni-duesseldorf.de
Schneider
P
P
Mondry
A
A
Heering
P
P
Heyll
A
A
Grabensee
B
B
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000686:Amyloidosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy*; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018906:Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018931:Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D018380:Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation; D006801:Humans; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D008558:Melphalan / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008875:Middle Aged; D011241:Prednisone / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012307:Risk Factors; D013997:Time Factors; D014182:Transplantation, Autologous
D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D018906:Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating; D018931:Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal; D008558:Melphalan; D011241:Prednisone