title: The clinical specialist in community health nursing: a solution for the 21st century.
abstract: The clinical specialist (CS) in community health nursing (CHN) addresses health problems in populations and communities in ways that are different from and complimentary to strategies used by practitioners of individualized patient care. Four programs based on comprehensive assessments, systematic program planning, deliberate implementation, and both formative and summative evaluation are presented. The programs were developed by graduate students in the CHN clinical specialization major at the Frances Payne Bolton School of Nursing. With expert faculty guidance and a competency-driven program of study, strategies were implemented to promote the health of community-dwelling well elderly people, home health care nurses who provide service to patients with respiratory problems, and high school students in a private religious school. Experienced parish nurses also benefited from a program designed to enhance their skills in theological reflection. This article also describes the curricular design developed to educate this clinician for the 21st century. Lastly, continued attention to the dynamic criteria of the American Nurses Association Standards of Community Health Nursing Practice is recommended as crucial to the further development of this clinical specialization.
authors.affiliation: Frances Payne Bolton School of Nursing, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA. mxh@po.cwru.edu
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hemstrom
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ambrose
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Donahue
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Glick
authors.forename: H L
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Lai
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Preechawong
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000368:Aged; D003152:Community Health Nursing / Q000193:education* / Q000639:trends; D003479:Curriculum; D006299:Health Services for the Aged; D006699:Home Care Services; D006801:Humans; D009720:Nurse Clinicians / Q000193:education* / Q000639:trends; D012573:School Nursing / Q000193:education; D014481:United States