title: Cell death after exposure to subarachnoid hemolysate correlates inversely with expression of CuZn-superoxide dismutase.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Subarachnoid hemolysate (SAH) has been associated with oxidative brain injury, cell death, and apoptosis. We hypothesized that over-expression of CuZn-superoxide dismutase (CuZn-SOD) would protect against injury after SAH, whereas reduction of its expression would exacerbate injury.
  
  
  METHODS
  Saline (n=16) or hemolysate (n=50) was injected into transgenic mice overexpressing CuZn-SOD (SOD1-Tg), CuZn-SOD heterozygous knockout mutants (SOD1+/-), and wild-type littermates (Wt). Mice were killed at 24 hours. Stress gene induction was evaluated by immunocytochemistry and Western blotting for hemeoxygenase-1 and heat shock protein 70. Apoptosis was evaluated by 3'-OH nick end-labeling and DNA gel electrophoresis. Cell death was quantified through histological assessment after cresyl violet staining.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Histological assessment demonstrated neocortical cell death in regions adjacent to the blood injection. Overall cell death was reduced 43% in SOD1-Tg mutants (n=6) compared with Wt littermates (n=6; P<0.02). In contrast, cell death was increased >40% in SOD1+/- mutants (n=6; P<0.05). Both hemeoxygenase-1 and heat shock protein 70 were induced after SAH. Apoptosis was also present after SAH, as evidenced by 3'-OH end-labeling and DNA laddering. However, the degree of stress gene induction and apoptosis did not vary between Wt, SOD1-Tg, and SOD1+/- mice.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The extent of CuZn-SOD expression in the cytosol correlates with cell death after exposure to SAH in a manner separate from apoptosis. Overexpression of CuZn-SOD may potentially be an avenue for therapeutic intervention.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Program in Neurosciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, California, USA. matzpg@yahoo.com
authors.forename: P G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Matz
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Copin
authors.forename: P H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Chan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000235:genetics; D015153:Blotting, Western; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D016923:Cell Death / Q000235:genetics; D053938:DNA Fragmentation / Q000235:genetics; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D018840:HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D006360:Heat-Shock Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D006419:Heme Oxygenase (Decyclizing) / Q000378:metabolism; D051547:Heme Oxygenase-1; D006454:Hemoglobins; D006461:Hemolysis / Q000235:genetics; D006579:Heterozygote; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D020287:In Situ Nick-End Labeling; D008297:Male; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000235:genetics; D013345:Subarachnoid Hemorrhage / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000172:deficiency / Q000235:genetics; D015533:Transcriptional Activation
chemical_list: D018840:HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins; D006360:Heat-Shock Proteins; D006454:Hemoglobins; D008565:Membrane Proteins; C496541:HMOX1 protein, human; D006419:Heme Oxygenase (Decyclizing); D051547:Heme Oxygenase-1; C496542:Hmox1 protein, mouse; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase