title: Nitrergic and purinergic regulation of the rat pylorus.
abstract: The role of nitric oxide (NO) and ATP in the regulation of nonadrenergic, noncholinergic (NANC) inhibitory transmission in the pylorus remains unclear. In the presence of atropine and guanethidine, electric field stimulation induced NANC relaxations in a frequency-dependent manner (1-20 Hz) in the rat pylorus. NANC relaxations were significantly inhibited by N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME; 10(-4) M). P(2X) purinoceptor antagonist pyridoxal phosphate-6-azophenyl-2',4'-disulfonic acid (PPADS; 3 x 10(-5) M) and P(2Y) purinoceptor antagonist reactive blue 2 (2 x 10(-5) M) had no effect on NANC relaxations. However, the combined administration of L-NAME and PPADS, but not reactive blue 2, evoked greater inhibitory effects on NANC relaxation than that evoked by L-NAME alone. alpha-Chymotrypsin and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide antagonist did not affect NANC relaxations. ATP (10(-5)-10(-3) M) and P(2X) purinoceptor agonist alpha, beta-methyleneadenosine 5'-triphosphate (10(-7)-10(-5) M), but not P(2Y) purinoceptor agonist 2-methylthioadenosine 5'-triphosphate (10(-7)-10(-5) M), induced muscle relaxations in a dose-dependent manner, and relaxations were significantly reduced by PPADS and unaffected by TTX. These studies suggest that NO and ATP act in concert to mediate NANC relaxation of the rat pylorus. ATP-induced relaxation appears to be mediated by P(2X) purinoceptors located on smooth muscle cells.
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ishiguchi
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Itoh
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Owyang
mesh_terms: D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000502:physiology; D000818:Animals; D002217:Carbachol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D008297:Male; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D009130:Muscle, Smooth / Q000187:drug effects / Q000294:innervation / Q000502:physiology; D019331:NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009479:Neuropeptides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000502:physiology*; D009599:Nitroprusside / Q000494:pharmacology; D051219:Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide; D011708:Pylorus; D011732:Pyridoxal Phosphate / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D018048:Receptors, Purinergic P2 / Q000502:physiology*; D013270:Stomach / Q000187:drug effects / Q000294:innervation / Q000502:physiology*; D013779:Tetrodotoxin / Q000494:pharmacology; D013873:Thionucleotides / Q000494:pharmacology; D014660:Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: C495403:Adcyap1 protein, rat; D009479:Neuropeptides; D051219:Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide; D018048:Receptors, Purinergic P2; D013873:Thionucleotides; C077792:pyridoxal phosphate-6-azophenyl-2',4'-disulfonic acid; D009599:Nitroprusside; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D014660:Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide; D013779:Tetrodotoxin; D011732:Pyridoxal Phosphate; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; D002217:Carbachol; C002630:alpha,beta-methyleneadenosine 5'-triphosphate; D019331:NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester; C008501:2-methylthio-ATP