title: Disseminated Mycobacterium simiae infection in patients with AIDS.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To report our experience with disseminated Mycobacterium simiae disease in patients with AIDS, and review other cases reported in the literature.
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrospectively reviewed all cases of M. simiae that were isolated from sterile body sites over a 9-year period at the University Health System Hospital at San Antonio, Texas, U.S.A. Data included patient demographics, clinical features, other accompanying opportunistic infections, in vitro susceptibility, therapy and outcome.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ten cases of M. simiae disseminated disease were identified. All of them were inpatients with AIDS. Another nine cases of disseminated infection in AIDS patients were reported in the literature. Advanced AIDS with absolute CD4 counts of less than 50 and an associated AIDS-defining illness characterized all cases. Persistent fever and debilitation without localizing signs were the most common clinical features. Our patients responded poorly to antimycobacterial drugs and died within 6 months of diagnosis. The only reported successful therapy was in patients who responded well to highly active antiretroviral therapy and antimycobacterial regimens containing clarithromycin, ethambutol and ciprofloxacin.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Clinical presentation of M. simiae infection mimics Mycobacterium avium complex, with fever and progressive debilitation, but is less responsive to therapy. Immuno-reconstitution with potent antiretroviral therapy may be the best therapy for such resistant disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, The University of Texas Health Science Centre at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl, San Antonio, Texas 78284, USA.
authors.forename: H M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Al-Abdely
authors.forename: S G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Revankar
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Graybill
mesh_terms: D017088:AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology; D000163:Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000188:drug therapy; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D023241:Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009161:Mycobacterium / Q000302:isolation & purification; D009164:Mycobacterium Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016019:Survival Analysis