title: The influence of nicotine on the bone loss rate in ligature-induced periodontitis. A histometric study in rats.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The present study investigated the possible influence of nicotine on the bone loss rate in the furcation region due to ligature-induced periodontitis in rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty adult male Wistar rats were included. After anesthesia, the tooth was randomly assigned to receive the cotton ligature in the sulcular area, while the contralateral tooth was left unligated. The animals were randomly assigned to one of the following treatments, including daily intraperitoneal injections: group A, 2 microl/g body weight of saline solution; group B, 2 microl/g body weight of a nicotine solution with 0.13 microl of nicotine/ml of saline solution; group C, 2 microl/g body weight of a nicotine solution with 0.19 microl of nicotine/ml of saline solution; and group D, 2 microl/g body weight of a nicotine solution with 0.26 microl of nicotine/ml of saline solution. Thirty days later, the animals were sacrificed and the specimens routinely processed for serial decalcified sections.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Intergroup analysis revealed greater bone loss in the ligated teeth of group B (1.01 +/- 0.61 mm2), group C (1.14 +/- 0.72 mm2), and group D (1.36 +/- 0.60 mm2) when compared with group A (0.64 +/- 0.62 mm2) (P <0.01). However, no statistically significant differences in bone loss were found among groups B, C, and D. In addition, no bone loss was observed for unligated teeth (P>0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Within the limits of the present study, nicotine enhanced the effects of the local components of periodontal disease in a non-dose-dependent way; nevertheless, the administration of nicotine did not produce periodontal bone loss by itself.
authors.affiliation: Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontics, School of Dentistry at Piracicaba, UNICAMP, São Paulo, Brazil. nociti@fop.unicamp.br
authors.forename: F H
authors.initials: FH
authors.lastname: Nociti
authors.forename: G R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Nogueira-Filho
authors.forename: M T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Primo
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Machado
authors.forename: V A
authors.initials: VA
authors.lastname: Tramontina
authors.forename: S P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Barros
authors.forename: E A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Sallum
mesh_terms: D016301:Alveolar Bone Loss / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D000818:Animals; D018450:Disease Progression; D017823:Furcation Defects / Q000150:complications*; D007274:Injections, Intraperitoneal; D008026:Ligation; D008297:Male; D009538:Nicotine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity*; D010518:Periodontitis / Q000150:complications; D011897:Random Allocation; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric
chemical_list: D009538:Nicotine