title: Cognitive functioning and cerebrospinal fluid concentrations of neuropeptides for patients with good neurological outcomes after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Many patients exhibit cognitive disturbances after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Structural and functional neuroimaging has failed to demonstrate any correlation with these complaints. This study was performed to investigate whether neuropeptide concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid could be related to cognitive disturbances after SAH.
  
  
  METHODS
  Lumbar cerebrospinal fluid was obtained, 3 to 6 months after surgery, from 17 patients who experienced good outcomes after aneurysmal SAH. The samples were analyzed for various neuropeptides using radioimmunoassays, and the peptide concentrations were evaluated in relation to scores on standardized neuropsychological tests.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The neuropsychological test results were normal for eight individuals, whereas the remaining nine patients exhibited various degrees of cognitive impairment. There was no correlation between the concentrations of arginine vasopressin or neuropeptide Y and test performance. However, significant correlations between cognitive impairment and elevated levels of beta-endorphins (P = 0.02), corticotropin-releasing factor (P = 0.004), and delta sleep-inducing peptide (P = 0.045) were noted.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients with cognitive impairments after aneurysmal SAH exhibited higher cerebrospinal fluid concentrations of endorphins, corticotropin-releasing factor, and delta sleep-inducing peptide than did those with normal capacity. This is probably attributable to diffuse derangement of transmitter release in the brain, resulting from the insult or ensuing complications, although a secondary increase in corticotropin-releasing factor concentrations caused by increased stress during the testing because of reduced cognitive capacity cannot be excluded.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University Hospital, Lund, Sweden. tore.uski@neurokir.lu.se
authors.forename: T K
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: Uski
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lilja
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Säveland
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ekman
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Sonesson
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Brandt
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003071:Cognition; D003346:Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid; D003701:Delta Sleep-Inducing Peptide / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid; D004723:Endorphins / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D002532:Intracranial Aneurysm / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology* / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009420:Nervous System / Q000503:physiopathology*; D009479:Neuropeptides / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid*; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D011184:Postoperative Period; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013345:Subarachnoid Hemorrhage / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology* / Q000601:surgery; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D004723:Endorphins; D009479:Neuropeptides; D003701:Delta Sleep-Inducing Peptide; D003346:Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone