title: Diagnostic yield of bronchoscopic sampling methods in bronchial carcinoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim was to study the yield of malignant or suspicious cells from bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), endobronchial biopsy (BX) and endobronchial brushing (BR) specimens obtained at bronchoscopy.
  
  
  METHODS
  We prospectively followed up all patients who had undergone bronchoscopy and studied those with subsequent diagnosis of bronchial carcinoma at a tertiary referral centre. Bronchoalveolar lavage, BX and BR were performed, sequentially whenever possible, by one pulmonologist. The parameters assessed were age, gender, macroscopic bronchoscopic findings, TNM staging, radiological findings, histological typing, and diagnostic yield from BAL, BX, and BR.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One hundred patients (31 females, 69 males; mean age +/- SD, 61.8+/-12.7 years; range 32-81 years) were studied between 1995 and 1997. Of these, BAL, BX and BR were performed on 100, 64 and 37 cases which yielded diagnostic specimens for bronchial carcinoma in 69, 78.1, and 62.2% of cases, respectively (P > 0.05). Diagnostic specimens were therefore obtained in 69,50, and 23% of the entire patient cohort from BAL, BX, and BR, respectively (P < 0.001). The diagnostic yield of BAL was independent of patient age, gender, site of lesion, TNM staging, histological typing and macroscopic bronchoscopic findings. Addition of BX, BR and postbronchoscopic sputum sampling to BAL only increased the yield of diagnostic specimens for bronchial carcinoma by 7, 0, and 4%, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Bronchoalveolar lavage is a highly effective sampling method to obtain cytological evidence for bronchial carcinoma. The diagnostic yield for BAL is independent of tumour or other clinical characteristics. Further studies should be performed to confirm these important and clinically relevant findings.
authors.affiliation: University Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, SAR, China.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Lam
authors.forename: M P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ooi
authors.forename: W K
authors.initials: WK
authors.lastname: Lam
authors.forename: K N
authors.initials: KN
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Ho
authors.forename: K W
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Tsang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001706:Biopsy / Q000379:methods*; D018893:Bronchoalveolar Lavage / Q000379:methods*; D001999:Bronchoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D002283:Carcinoma, Bronchogenic / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013902:Radiography, Thoracic; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed