title: Sedation, analgesia and anesthesia for interventional radiological procedures in adults. Part I. Survey of interventional radiological practice in Belgium.
abstract: A questionnaire was mailed to 217 interventional radiologists to evaluate current practice in analgesia and sedation in adults. Response rate was 15% (33/217). Diagnostic angiography was performed with local anesthesia in 94% to 99%; for PTA, local thrombolysis or stent placement, light sedation was added in 0.1%. Premedication was given in 43% of diagnostic angiographies and in 68% of therapeutic procedures. Radiologists consulted an anesthesiologist before administration of intravenous sedation, always in 54% of cases, occasionally in 19% and never in 27%. General anesthesia with artificial ventilation was applied in 56% of TIPS, in 70% of aortic stent grafting and in 82% of neuroradiological interventions. Intravenous sedation was applied given in 53% of percutaneous biliary drainage, in 42% of bile duct dilatation or stenting, in 40% of percutaneous nephrostomy and in 72% of ureteral balloon dilatation. Patient monitoring during an interventional procedure was always carried out by an anesthesiologist in 52% of cases. 21% of radiologists never visited the patient before a therapeutic procedure, and 36% never did so after completion of a procedure. This survey showed that high standard practice of sedation and analgesia, with the assistance of anesthesiologists, is underused by interventional radiologists in Belgium.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Imaging, University Hospital Sart Tilman, Liège, Belgium.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Trotteur
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Stockx
authors.forename: R F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Dondelinger
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000698:Analgesia; D000768:Anesthesia, General; D000772:Anesthesia, Local; D000776:Anesthesiology; D000792:Angiography; D015906:Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary; D001011:Aorta / Q000601:surgery; D001530:Belgium; D001649:Bile Duct Diseases / Q000628:therapy; D019917:Blood Vessel Prosthesis Implantation; D001927:Brain Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis; D002404:Catheterization; D016292:Procedural Sedation; D004322:Drainage; D006801:Humans; D007400:Interprofessional Relations; D008991:Monitoring, Physiologic; D009403:Nephrostomy, Percutaneous; D019168:Portasystemic Shunt, Transjugular Intrahepatic; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians'; D011229:Preanesthetic Medication; D015642:Radiology, Interventional; D012121:Respiration, Artificial; D015607:Stents; D015912:Thrombolytic Therapy; D014522:Urethral Diseases / Q000628:therapy