title: Ex vivo canine lens capsular sac explants.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Lens capsular sac explants from human cadaver eyes were used to investigate posterior capsular opacification (PCO). The purpose of this study was to characterize a similar model using canine tissue and to determine whether transferrin (Tf), transforming growth factor beta-2 (TGF-beta2), and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) are secreted by lens epithelial cells (LEC) of these ex vivo sacs.
  
  
  METHODS
  The lens from canine eyes was removed by extracapsular cataract extraction, the lens sac dissected free, pinned to a petri dish, and cultured in either serum-supplemented or serum-free medium. Morphologic characteristics and growth rate to confluence on the posterior capsule were studied by phase-contrast microscopy. Vimentin, alpha smooth muscle actin, and panTGF-beta expression by LEC were determined by immunohistochemistry. Tf, TGF-beta2, and IGF-1 levels were measured by ELISA in the supernatant of sacs cultured in serum-free medium.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean time to confluence of LEC onto the posterior capsule was 5.4+/-1.1 days (n=22) and 14.7+/-3.7 days (n=14) for sacs in serum-supplemented and serum-free medium, respectively. Following development of confluence, explants displayed opacification and light scatter from cellular proliferation and capsular contraction. Confluent LEC expressed vimentin, alpha smooth muscle actin, and TGF-beta2, and both Tf and TGF-beta2 were secreted into the culture supernatant.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Canine lens sac explants have characteristics virtually identical to those of human origin, and appear to be a useful alternative tissue source for this model when human cadaver eyes are unavailable. Tf and TGFbeta-2, but not IGF-1, are secreted by LEC in explanted lens sacs and may influence the proliferation and metaplasia of LEC during the development of PCO.
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh 27606, USA. mike_davidson@ncsu.edu
authors.forename: M G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Davidson
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wormstone
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Morgan
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Malakof
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Allen
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: McGahan
mesh_terms: D000199:Actins / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers; D002386:Cataract / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D002455:Cell Division; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004285:Dogs; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / Q000378:metabolism*; D007903:Lens Capsule, Crystalline / Q000166:cytology / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism*; D014168:Transferrin / Q000378:metabolism*; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000378:metabolism*; D053781:Transforming Growth Factor beta2; D014746:Vimentin / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000199:Actins; D015415:Biomarkers; C509041:TGFB2 protein, human; D014168:Transferrin; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D053781:Transforming Growth Factor beta2; D014746:Vimentin; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I