title: A trial for comparing methods for eliciting treatment preferences from men with advanced prostate cancer: results from the initial visit.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study was to evaluate the convergent validity of 3 types of utility measures: standard gamble, time tradeoff, and rating scale.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective cohort of 120 men with advanced prostate cancer were first asked to rank order 8 health states, and then utility values were obtained from each participant for each of the 8 health states through 2 of the 3 techniques evaluated (standard gamble, time tradeoff and rating scale). Participants were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 possible pairs of techniques. The validity of the 3 methods, as measured by the convergence and raw score differences of the techniques, was assessed with ANOVA. The ability of the techniques to differentiate health states was determined. The inconsistencies between rankings and utility values were also measured. Proportions of illogical utility responses were assessed as the percent of times when states with more symptoms were given higher or equal utility values than states with fewer symptoms.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were significant differences in raw scores between techniques, but the values were correlated across health states. Utility values were often inconsistent with the rank order of health states. In addition, utility assessment did not differentiate the health states as well as the rank order. Furthermore, utility values were often illogical in that states with more symptoms received equal or higher utility values than states with fewer symptoms.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Use of the utility techniques in cost-effectiveness analysis and decision making has been widely recommended. The results of this study raise serious questions as to the validity and usefulness of the measures.
authors.affiliation: Veterans Affairs Medical Center, and Baylor College of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA. jsouchek@bcm.tmc.edu
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Souchek
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Stacks
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Brody
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Ashton
authors.forename: R B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Giesler
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Byrne
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Cook
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Geraci
authors.forename: N P
authors.initials: NP
authors.lastname: Wray
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001294:Attitude to Health; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D003657:Decision Making; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010358:Patient Participation; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000191:economics / Q000628:therapy*; D011594:Psychometrics / Q000379:methods*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D014481:United States