title: Acardiac anomaly spectrum.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Acardiac anomaly spectrum is a rare congenital malformation found in monozygotic twin pregnancy. Besides the absence of heart, the condition is associated with variable grades of developmental disruption. Thus, no two cases are similar.
  
  
  METHODS
  This case report is based on physical examination and autopsy findings.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The twin had acardia and partial development of head and face. There was complete absence of upper extremities.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The twin reversed arterial perfusion (TRAP) theory is the most accepted etiology of the disorder. Normally, the cephalic pole is the most severely affected, being most distal to the retrograde perfusion. In acardia, partial development of head, face, and brain is usually associated with the development of the upper extremities. However, in the present case, there was extensive cephalic development in the absence of upper extremity development.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221 005, India.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mohanty
authors.forename: O P
authors.initials: OP
authors.lastname: Mishra
authors.forename: C P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.forename: B K
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Das
authors.forename: P N
authors.initials: PN
authors.lastname: Singla
mesh_terms: D000015:Abnormalities, Multiple / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology*; D000328:Adult; D001132:Arm / Q000002:abnormalities*; D001921:Brain / Q000002:abnormalities; D004200:Diseases in Twins / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology*; D005145:Face / Q000002:abnormalities*; D005260:Female; D006257:Head / Q000002:abnormalities; D006330:Heart Defects, Congenital / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology*; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D011247:Pregnancy; D014430:Twins, Monozygotic; D016216:Ultrasonography, Prenatal