title: C/EBPbeta enhances IL-4 but impairs IL-2 and IFN-gamma induction in T cells.
abstract: C/EBP transcription factors have been described to control the activity of the human IL-4 promoter. The C/EBP binding sites within the IL-4 promoter overlap with composite NF-AT and AP-1 binding motifs. We show here that similar binding sites are part of the murine IL-4 promoter. Retroviral overexpression of C/EBPbeta in murine EL-4 thymoma cells led to a strong induction of endogenous IL-4 and a reduction in IL-2 and IFN-gamma expression. Similarily, in primary murine T cells C/EBPbeta induction resulted in an increase in IL-4 levels, whereas in human Jurkat T cells a decrease in IL-2 RNA was detected. Like AP-1, C/EBP factors belong to the large class of basic leucine zipper proteins. However, unlike AP-1, C/EBPbeta does not act in synergy with NF-AT in the induction of the murine IL-4 promoter. Instead, both factors compete in their binding to the P4/Pu-bD site, one of the most important sequence elements of the IL-4 promoter. Whereas NF-AT factors require high levels of free Ca2+ and calcineurin activity for induction, C/EBP induction in T cells is Ca2+/calcineurin independent. These observations suggest that various induction conditions lead to the activation of transcription factors, inducing IL-4 promoter activity at specific developmental stages of T cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Pathology, Institute of Pathology, University of Würzburg, Germany.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Berberich-Siebelt
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Klein-Hessling
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hepping
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Santner-Nanan
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lindemann
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Schimpl
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Berberich
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Serfling
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001665:Binding Sites; D022762:CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D051379:Mice; D050778:NFATC Transcription Factors; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000502:physiology*; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D018808:Transcription Factor AP-1 / Q000378:metabolism; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D022762:CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D007376:Interleukin-2; D050778:NFATC Transcription Factors; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D018808:Transcription Factor AP-1; D014157:Transcription Factors; D015847:Interleukin-4; D007371:Interferon-gamma