title: Gelatin beads as platforms for targeting molecule and anti-Fas antibody: two major properties of cytotoxic T lymphocytes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) initially recognize target cells using the T-cell receptor (TCR), then strongly adhere to these cells by accessory molecules, and finally induce apoptosis by Fas ligand (FasL)/Fas or lyse by the granzyme/perforin system. We describe the development of gelatin beads carrying anti-tumor monoclonal antibody (mAb) and anti-Fas mAb mimicking the TCR and FasL, respectively. We hypothesized that these antibody-coated beads can be therapeutically utilized for the elimination of tumor cells.
  
  
  METHODS
  We evaluated the cytotoxic activity of gelatin beads bearing CH11 (anti-Fas mAb) after incubation with several human leukemia cell lines. Cytotoxic activities were measured using colorimetric DNA fragmentation assay and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release assay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We demonstrated that the cytotoxic effects of anti-Fas mAb were markedly enhanced by fixation on gelatin beads. Microscopic examination showed that the beads attached to the target cells and induced their apoptosis. These effects were enhanced further by adding tumor-specific mAb. These in vitro properties of the beads were well reconstituted in the peritoneal cavity of mice.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although antibody-coated gelatin beads lack several important properties of natural CTL, such as differentiation, proliferation, and the functions of adhesion molecules, they mimic well the targeting and cytotoxic functions of natural CTL. Our findings suggest that antibody-carrying gelatin beads may be the first step toward the development of artificial CTL and can be applied, for example, to artificial dendritic and stroma cells for the development of novel biotherapeutic approaches.
authors.affiliation: First Department of Internal Medicine, Nagoya University School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yokozawa
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Miyamura
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Fujino
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yonehara
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ueda
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tanimoto
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Saito
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000276:immunology*; D017209:Apoptosis; D018826:CD13 Antigens / Q000276:immunology; D003602:Cytotoxicity, Immunologic; D005780:Gelatin; D006801:Humans; D007938:Leukemia / Q000276:immunology*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008819:Mice, Nude; D008863:Microspheres; D010529:Peritoneal Cavity; D013602:T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic / Q000276:immunology*; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D019014:fas Receptor / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D019014:fas Receptor; D005780:Gelatin; D018826:CD13 Antigens