New members of the parathyroid hormone/parathyroid hormone receptor family: the parathyroid hormone 2 receptor and tuberoinfundibular peptide of 39 residues.
The parathyroid hormone (PTH) family currently includes three peptides and three receptors. PTH regulates calcium homeostasis through bone and kidney PTH1 receptors. PTH-related peptide, probably also through PTH1 receptors, regulates skeletal, pancreatic, epidermal, and mammary gland differentiation and bladder and vascular smooth muscle relaxation and has a CNS role that is under investigation. Tuberoinfundibular peptide of 39 residues (TIP39) was recently purified from bovine hypothalamus based on selective PTH2 receptor activation. PTH2 receptor expression is greatest in the CNS, where it is concentrated in limbic, hypothalamic, and sensory areas, especially hypothalamic periventricular neurons, nerve terminals in the median eminence, superficial layers of the spinal cord dorsal horn, and the caudal part of the sensory trigeminal nucleus. It is also present in a number of endocrine cells. Thus TIP39 and PTH2 receptor-influenced functions may range from pituitary and pancreatic hormone release to pain perception. A third PTH-recognizing receptor has been found in zebrafish.
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Laboratory of Genetics, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-4094, USA. usdin@codon.nih.gov
Wang
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Hoare
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Mezey
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Palkovits
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D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001923:Brain Chemistry; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D009928:Organ Specificity; D000072260:RNA Splicing Factors; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D044168:Receptor, Parathyroid Hormone, Type 1; D044183:Receptor, Parathyroid Hormone, Type 2; D018016:Receptors, Parathyroid Hormone / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D013116:Spinal Cord / Q000737:chemistry; D033921:Vesicular Transport Proteins
D002352:Carrier Proteins; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D000072260:RNA Splicing Factors; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D044168:Receptor, Parathyroid Hormone, Type 1; D044183:Receptor, Parathyroid Hormone, Type 2; D018016:Receptors, Parathyroid Hormone; C485860:TFIP11 protein, human; D033921:Vesicular Transport Proteins