title: Visual impairment and risk of hip fracture.
abstract: As part of a case-control study, the Auckland Hip Fracture Study (1991-1994), the authors examined associations between impaired vision and risk of hip fracture. Subjects (911 cases and 910 controls aged 60 years or older) completed a questionnaire and had vision measurements taken, including measurements of visual acuity and stereopsis (depth perception). Binocular visual acuity worse than 20/60 was statistically significantly associated with increased risk of hip fracture after adjustment for age, sex, proxy response, hours of activity per week, and height (odds ratio (OR) = 1.5; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.1, 2.0), as was having poor vision (less than 20/100) in both eyes (OR = 2.4; 95% CI: 1.0, 6.1). Having no depth perception was associated with increased risk (OR = 6.0 95% CI: 3.2, 11.1), as were categories of decreasing stereopsis (trend p = 0.0001), self-reported poor vision (OR = 1.4; 95% CI: 1.0, 1.9), not wearing glasses at the time of the fall (OR = 1.2; 95% CI: 1.0, 1.6), and increasing time since the last eye examination (trend p = 0.03). The population attributable risk of hip fracture due to poor visual acuity or stereopsis was 40%. Visual factors are important fall-related factors which influence risk of hip fracture. Risk of hip fracture may be decreased by correcting refractive error, improving stereopsis, and administering regular eye examinations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, University of Sydney, Australia. rivers@med.usyd.edu.au
authors.forename: R Q
authors.initials: RQ
authors.lastname: Ivers
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Norton
authors.forename: R G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Cumming
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Butler
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Campbell
mesh_terms: D000058:Accidental Falls; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D015986:Confounding Factors, Epidemiologic; D003867:Depth Perception; D005260:Female; D006620:Hip Fractures / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D017533:Marital Status; D008875:Middle Aged; D009520:New Zealand / Q000453:epidemiology; D012307:Risk Factors; D014786:Vision Disorders / Q000150:complications*; D014792:Visual Acuity