title: Identification of risk factors for increased cost, charges, and length of stay for cardiac patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In this study we explored different risk model options to provide clinicians with predictions for resource utilization. The hypotheses were that predictors of mortality are not predictive of resource consumption, and that there is a correlation between cost estimates derived using a cost-to-charge ratio or a product-line costing approach.
  
  
  METHODS
  From March 1992 to June 1995, 2,481 University of Colorado Hospital patients admitted for ischemic heart disease were classified by diagnosis-related group code as having undergone or experienced coronary bypass procedures (CBP), percutaneous cardiovascular procedures (PCVP), acute myocardial infarction (AMI), and other cardiac-related discharges (Other). For each diagnosis-related group, Cox proportional hazards models were developed to determine predictors of cost, charges, and length of stay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The diagnosis groups differed in the clinical factors that predicted resource use. As the two costing methods were highly correlated, either approach may be used to assess relative resource consumption provided costs are reconciled to audited financial statements.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  To develop valid prediction models for costs of care, the clinical risk factors that are traditionally used to predict risk-adjusted mortality may need to be expanded.
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, USA.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: MaWhinney
authors.forename: E R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Malcolm
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: VillaNueva
authors.forename: B M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Groves
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Quaife
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lindenfeld
authors.forename: B A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Warner
authors.forename: K E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Hammermeister
authors.forename: F L
authors.initials: FL
authors.lastname: Grover
authors.forename: A L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Shroyer
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D003120:Colorado; D003365:Costs and Cost Analysis; D003953:Diagnosis-Related Groups; D005249:Fees and Charges; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007902:Length of Stay; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D017202:Myocardial Ischemia / Q000191:economics* / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy; D012307:Risk Factors; D012720:Severity of Illness Index