title: Heat shock factor 2 is activated during mouse heart development.
abstract: Two members of the heat shock transcription factor family, HSF1 and HSF2, have been identified as activators of mammalian heat shock gene expression. HSF1 acts as a classical stress-responsive factor, whereas HSF2 might play a role in embryogenesis, since it is active during pre- and post-implantation periods up to 15.5 days of mouse embryonic development. In this study, we analyzed HSF1 and HSF2 expression and activation during mouse heart formation. Our results show an abundant expression of HSF1 throughout heart development. In contrast, expression of the alternatively spliced HSF2-alpha and HSF2-beta, and an additional higher molecular weight isoform is strongly upregulated in the developing mouse heart at E11.5-12.5, a stage after which tubular heart has looped and chambers formed, and the myocardial walls are maturating and the valves differentiating. At the same developmental stage, HSF2 DNA-binding activity is transiently induced, whereas the weak HSE-binding activity, which is detected throughout heart development, consists primarily of HSF1. Interestingly, heat shock gene expression shows no temporal or spatial correlation with HSF2 expression and activation. Taken together, our results indicate that HSF2 activation is associated with specific stages of heart formation but is not involved in the regulation of inducible heat shock gene expression.
authors.affiliation: Haartman Institute, Department of Pathology, University of Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Eriksson
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Jokinen
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sistonen
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Leppä
mesh_terms: D017398:Alternative Splicing; D000818:Animals; D015152:Blotting, Northern; D015153:Blotting, Western; D001921:Brain / Q000196:embryology; D004247:DNA / Q000378:metabolism; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000737:chemistry; D004591:Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; D005260:Female; D006321:Heart / Q000196:embryology*; D006351:Heart Valves / Q000378:metabolism; D000076249:Heat Shock Transcription Factors; D006360:Heat-Shock Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000737:chemistry; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008099:Liver / Q000196:embryology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism*; D016716:PC12 Cells; D011485:Protein Binding; D020033:Protein Isoforms; D051381:Rats; D013997:Time Factors; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000737:chemistry; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; C000619706:HSF1 protein, human; D000076249:Heat Shock Transcription Factors; D006360:Heat-Shock Proteins; C000619709:Hsf1 protein, rat; D020033:Protein Isoforms; D014157:Transcription Factors; C070389:HSF2 protein, human; D004247:DNA