title: Determinants of physician reluctance to perform mouth-to-mouth resuscitation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Mouth-to-mouth resuscitation (MMR) is widely taught and promoted. The purpose of this study was to better characterize the observation that health professionals are reluctant to perform MMR and to identify determinants of this reluctance.
  
  
  METHODS
  324 residents and faculty at a New York City teaching hospital were anonymously surveyed regarding their reluctance to perform MMR. One year later, medical staff were resurveyed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Reluctance varied across scenarios: 70-80% of physicians were willing to perform MMR on a newborn or child, 40-50% for an unknown man, and 20-30% for a trauma victim or potentially gay man. Physicians reported very similar percentages for each scenario in the two surveys. Factors associated with MMR reluctance were female gender (OR = 2), resident physician (OR = 2), and higher perceived risk of contracting HIV from MMR (OR = 1.4 per unit on 5-point scale). In the year before the survey, 30% of all respondents witnessed an apneic patient who required MMR for whom ventilation was not provided for at least 2 minutes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Many physicians are reluctant to perform MMR. Marked delays in ventilation of apneic patients are occurring.
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, The Brooklyn Hospital Center, Weill College of Medicine, Cornell University, 121 DeKalb Ave., Brooklyn, NY 11201, USA. doctor2315@aol.com
authors.forename: B E
authors.initials: BE
authors.lastname: Brenner
authors.forename: D C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Van
authors.forename: E J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Lazar
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Camargo
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D016887:Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000635:transmission; D006801:Humans; D017758:Infectious Disease Transmission, Patient-to-Professional / Q000517:prevention & control*; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008505:Medical Staff, Hospital / Q000523:psychology*; D008511:Medicine; D016079:Refusal to Treat; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D013038:Specialization; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires