title: Improved functional outcomes following exercise rehabilitation in patients with intermittent claudication.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The purposes of this study were to identify predictors of increased claudication distances following exercise rehabilitation in peripheral arterial occlusive disease (PAOD) patients with intermittent claudication and determine whether improved claudication distances translated into increased free-living daily physical activity in the community setting.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty-three patients were recruited (age, 68+/-1 years, mean +/- standard error). Patients were characterized on treadmill claudication distances, walking economy, peripheral circulation, cardiopulmonary function, self-perceived ambulatory function, body composition, baseline comorbidities, and free-living daily physical activity before and after a 6-month treadmill exercise program.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Exercise rehabilitation increased distance to onset of claudication pain by 115% (178+/-22 m to 383+/-34 m; p < .001) and distance to maximal claudication pain by 65% (389+/-29 m to 641+/-34 m; p < .001). The increased distance to onset of pain was independently related to a 27% increase in calf blood flow (r = .42, p < .001) and to baseline age (r = -.26, p < .05), and the increased distance to maximal pain was predicted by a 10% increase in peak oxygen uptake (r = .41, p < .001) and by a 10% improvement in walking economy (r = -.34, p < .05). Free-living daily physical activity increased 31% (337+/-29 kcal/day to 443+/-37 kcal/day; p < .001) and was related to the increases in treadmill distances to onset (r = .24, p < .05) and to maximal pain (r = .45, p < .001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Increased claudication distances following exercise rehabilitation are mediated through improvements in peripheral circulation, walking economy, and cardiopulmonary function, with younger patients having the greatest absolute ambulatory gains. Furthermore, improved symptomatology translated into enhanced community-based ambulation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Division of Gerontology, Claude D. Pepper Older Americans Independence Center, University of Maryland, Baltimore, USA. gardner@grecc.umaryland.edu
authors.forename: A W
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Gardner
authors.forename: L I
authors.initials: LI
authors.lastname: Katzel
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Sorkin
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Killewich
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ryan
authors.forename: W R
authors.initials: WR
authors.lastname: Flinn
authors.forename: A P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Goldberg
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015444:Exercise; D005080:Exercise Test; D005544:Forecasting; D006801:Humans; D007383:Intermittent Claudication / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D007866:Leg / Q000098:blood supply; D008875:Middle Aged; D010101:Oxygen Consumption; D010146:Pain / Q000503:physiopathology; D005082:Physical Exertion; D012039:Regional Blood Flow; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D016138:Walking