title: Retrograde seeding of malignant cells during hysteroscopy in presumed early endometrial cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to determine the effect that preoperative hysteroscopy has on the frequency of positive cytology at the time of definitive surgical management in endometrial cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Charts of 222 patients with endometrial cancer were reviewed. Patients were divided according to whether (n = 64) or not (n = 158) they had hysteroscopy with saline infusion. Each group was stratified into low or high risk for positive peritoneal cytology. Logistic regression analysis was used to compare the prevalence of positive peritoneal cytology with and without hysteroscopy, before and after the stratification, adjusting for the confounding risk factors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After adjusting for confounding variables there was a statistical difference in the frequency of positive peritoneal cytology in those who had hysteroscopy versus those who did not (odds ratio (OR) = 2.6, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.02-6.63, P = 0.05). Even after stratifying patients into a low-risk group (OR = 2.12, 95% CI = 0.13-35.9, P = 0.6) and a high-risk group (OR = 3.46, 95% CI = 1.3-9.12, P = 0.01) the difference in the high-risk group was statistically significant.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hysteroscopy seems to affect the prevalence of positive peritoneal cytology, especially in those patients with high-risk cell types. Its use in patients with suspicion of endometrial cancer should be reconsidered.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Greater Baltimore Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland 21204, USA.
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Zerbe
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: R E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Bristow
authors.forename: F C
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Grumbine
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Abularach
authors.forename: F J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Montz
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D016889:Endometrial Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015907:Hysteroscopy / Q000009:adverse effects*; D016015:Logistic Models; D008875:Middle Aged; D009366:Neoplasm Seeding; D010529:Peritoneal Cavity / Q000473:pathology; D010534:Peritoneal Neoplasms / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology; D012306:Risk