title: Use of virtual reality for adjunctive treatment of adult burn pain during physical therapy: a controlled study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The pain experienced by burn patients during physical therapy range of motion exercises can be extreme and can discourage patients from complying with their physical therapy. We explored the novel use of immersive virtual reality (VR) to distract patients from pain during physical therapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study was conducted at the burn care unit of a regional trauma center.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twelve patients aged 19 to 47 years (average of 21% total body surface area burned) performed range of motion exercises of their injured extremity under an occupational therapist's direction.
  
  
  METHODS
  Each patient spent 3 minutes of physical therapy with no distraction and 3 minutes of physical therapy in VR (condition order randomized and counter-balanced).
  
  
  METHODS
  Five visual analogue scale pain scores for each treatment condition served as the dependent variables.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All patients reported less pain when distracted with VR, and the magnitude of pain reduction by VR was statistically significant (e.g., time spent thinking about pain during physical therapy dropped from 60 to 14 mm on a 100-mm scale). The results of this study may be examined in more detail at www.hitL.washington.edu/projects/burn/.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Results provided preliminary evidence that VR can function as a strong nonpharmacologic pain reduction technique for adult burn patients during physical therapy and potentially for other painful procedures or pain populations.
authors.affiliation: University of Washington Human Interface Technology Laboratory, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, USA.
authors.forename: H G
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Hoffman
authors.forename: D R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Patterson
authors.forename: G J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Carrougher
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001007:Anxiety / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology; D002056:Burns / Q000150:complications*; D003196:Computer Graphics; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009325:Nausea / Q000523:psychology; D059408:Pain Management; D010147:Pain Measurement; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular