title: PCR assessment of Chlamydia trachomatis infection of semen specimens processed for artificial insemination.
abstract: In order to ascertain the microbiological quality of stored semen specimens processed for artificial insemination by a donor (AID), we developed a PCR assay targeting the chlamydial plasmid to detect Chlamydia trachomatis in semen. The lower limit of detection of this assay corresponded to 2.5 to 5 elementary bodies per microl of semen. A total of 669 cryopreserved ejaculates from 97 asymptomatic donors were tested for C. trachomatis infection. Twelve ejaculates, originating from four donors, were found to be positive, indicating a 4% prevalence of C. trachomatis infection among the donor population studied. Cross-contamination between the cryopreserved specimens in the storage container was studied by typing using sequence analysis of PCR-amplified omp1 genes of the strains. Two donors were infected with serovar E, one was infected with serovar F, and one was infected with serovar K. For two donors, the duration of C. trachomatis positivity could be assessed. One donor donated C. trachomatis-positive semen for at least 4 successive months, and the other did so for at least 16 months. The occurrence of C. trachomatis infection in cryopreserved donor semen indicates that ejaculates from donors not tested for a C. trachomatis infection just prior to donation should be tested for infection by a direct test such as the PCR described here. Direct testing of semen specimens will detect not only donors with an active infection but also C. trachomatis-infected ejaculates already stored and will thus improve the microbiological quality of AID, since discrepancies in the presence of C. trachomatis in urine and semen specimens have been reported.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Microbiology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. y.pannekoek@amc.uva.nl
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Pannekoek
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Westenberg
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: de Vries
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Repping
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Spanjaard
authors.forename: P P
authors.initials: PP
authors.lastname: Eijk
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: van der Ende
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dankert
mesh_terms: D001425:Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D002692:Chlamydia trachomatis / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D015925:Cryopreservation; D017931:DNA Primers; D006801:Humans; D007316:Insemination, Artificial, Heterologous; D008297:Male; D010957:Plasmids; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods*; D018272:Porins; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012661:Semen / Q000382:microbiology*; D012662:Semen Preservation; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
chemical_list: D001425:Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins; D017931:DNA Primers; D018272:Porins; C071677:omp1 protein, Chlamydia trachomatis