title: Effect of single and binary combinations of plant-derived molluscicides on reproduction and survival of the snail Achatina fulica.
abstract: The effects of sublethal treatments (20% and 60% of LC(50)/24 h) with plant-derived molluscicides on the reproduction of the giant African snail Achatina fulica were studied. Azadirachta indica oil, Cedrus deodara oil, Allium sativum bulb powder, and Nerium indicum bark powder singly and binary combinations on reproduction and survival of A. fulica were investigated. Repeated treatment occurred on day 0, day 15, and day 30. These plant-derived molluscicides significantly reduced fecundity, egg viability, and survival of A. fulica within 15 days. Discontinuation of the treatments after day 30 did not lead to a recovery trend in the next 30 days. Day 0 sublethal treatment of all the molluscicides caused a maximum reduction in protein, amino acid, DNA, RNA, and phospholipid levels and simultaneous increase in lipid peroxidation in the ovotestis of treated A. fulica. It is believed that sublethal exposure of these molluscicides on snail reproduction is a complex process, involving more than one factor in reducing the reproductive capacity of A. fulica.
authors.affiliation: Department of Zoology, DDU Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur (U.P.) 273 009, India.
authors.forename: I G
authors.initials: IG
authors.lastname: Rao
authors.forename: D K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Singh
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004247:DNA / Q000032:analysis; D012734:Disorders of Sex Development; D005260:Female; D005298:Fertility / Q000187:drug effects*; D006372:Helix, Snails; D007928:Lethal Dose 50; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D008975:Molluscacides / Q000633:toxicity*; D009865:Oocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D010053:Ovary / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D010743:Phospholipids / Q000378:metabolism; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000633:toxicity*; D012313:RNA / Q000032:analysis; D012098:Reproduction / Q000187:drug effects*; D013737:Testis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D008975:Molluscacides; D010743:Phospholipids; D010936:Plant Extracts; D012313:RNA; D004247:DNA