title: Expression of androgen receptor coregulatory proteins in prostate cancer and stromal-cell culture models.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Androgen receptor (AR) transcriptional activity is modulated by cofactor proteins. They act as costimulators, corepressors, or bridging proteins, and a disbalanced expression may contribute to the altered activity of the AR in advanced prostate cancer. We investigated the expression of a series of steroid receptor cofactors in prostate cancer cell lines, including several LNCaP sublines, and in prostate stromal cells.
  
  
  METHODS
  Expression of cofactors was analyzed by means of RT-PCR in PC-3, Du-145, LNCaP, three sublines of LNCaP established after long-term androgen deprivation, and two strains of primary prostate stroma cells. Expression in LNCaP and LNCaP-abl cells (which represented an advanced tumor cell) was analyzed employing semiquantitative RT-PCR.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ten of the 12 cofactors tested were expressed in all cells analyzed (AIB1, ARA54, ARA70, CBP, cyclin D1, Her2/neu/erbB2, BAG-1/M/L, SRC-1, SMRT, and TIF2). Only ARA55 and FHL2 mRNAs were not detected in all cells. ARA55 mRNA was absent in LNCaP cells, LNCaP sublines, and DU-145 cells; FHL2 was not expressed in LNCaP cells and its derivatives. The expression pattern was identical in LNCaP cells, and the long-term androgen ablated LNCaP sublines. Moreover, comparison of expression levels in LNCaP and LNCaP-abl cells revealed a slight reduction in LNCaP-abl cells but no gross differences.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Prostatic cells express a great number of steroid receptor cofactors. AR activity thus seems to be modulated in a very complex way in prostate cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Nessler-Menardi
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Jotova
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Culig
authors.forename: I E
authors.initials: IE
authors.lastname: Eder
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Putz
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bartsch
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Klocker
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D018450:Disease Progression; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008954:Models, Biological; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism; D011944:Receptors, Androgen / Q000378:metabolism*; D017154:Stromal Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D011944:Receptors, Androgen