title: Design and implementation of a controlled trial of pediatric endotracheal intubation in the out-of-hospital setting.
abstract: This article describes the design and implementation of the Pediatric Airway Management Project. The project was completed January 1, 1997, and evaluated the effectiveness of endotracheal intubation relative to bag-valve-mask ventilation in improving survival to hospital discharge and neurologic outcome in children, the effect of training on paramedic airway management skills and self-efficacy, the length of time the skills can be retained, and the costs of training and retraining. The main focus of project design was the implementation of a controlled trial comparing methods of airway management for acutely ill and injured pediatric patients in the out-of-hospital setting. To date, this project is the largest prospective, controlled, out-of-hospital study of the care of children ever reported. Barriers to implementation of a study of this size are described.
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Harbor-UCLA Research and Education Institute, Los Angeles, USA. mgausche@emedharbor.edu
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gausche-Hill
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Lewis
authors.forename: C S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Gunter
authors.forename: D P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Henderson
authors.forename: B E
authors.initials: BE
authors.lastname: Haynes
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Stratton
mesh_terms: D000402:Airway Obstruction / Q000628:therapy*; D001499:Bayes Theorem; D002140:California; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004632:Emergency Medical Services / Q000379:methods*; D004634:Emergency Medical Technicians / Q000193:education*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007442:Intubation, Intratracheal; D008397:Masks; D010372:Pediatrics