Adherence monitoring and drug surveillance in chronic opioid therapy.
Monitoring adherence with chronic opioid therapies is a critical yet often difficult task. Because chronic opioid therapy is often fraught with complex pharmacological, psychological, social, and legal issues, its application is often controversial or altogether avoided. Improved drug monitoring and surveillance may help reduce some of the reluctance to use chronic opioid therapy in patients with chronic pain states. We review the literature on patient adherence/compliance with chronic administration of opioids as well as novel methods by which adherence with opioid therapy can be measured.
Fishman
S M
SM
Division of Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA.
Wilsey
B
B
Yang
J
J
Reisfield
G M
GM
Bandman
T B
TB
Borsook
D
D
D019411:Clinical Laboratory Techniques / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D004353:Drug Evaluation, Preclinical / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D016903:Drug Monitoring / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods* / Q000523:psychology; D004582:Electronics, Medical / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods / Q000639:trends; D004989:Ethics; D006197:Hair / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D009294:Narcotics / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D009293:Opioid-Related Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D010146:Pain / Q000145:classification / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D010349:Patient Compliance / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D010817:Physician-Patient Relations; D012463:Saliva / Q000737:chemistry; D012698:Serologic Tests / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D014116:Toxicology / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D016312:Treatment Refusal / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D016482:Urinalysis / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data
D009294:Narcotics