Vascular cell responses to polysaccharide materials: in vitro and in vivo evaluations.
Chitosan has shown promise as a structural material for a number of tissue engineering applications. Similarly the glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) and their analogs have been known to exert a variety of biological activities. In this study we evaluated the potential of GAG-chitosan and dextran sulfate (DS)-chitosan complex materials for controlling the proliferation of vascular endothelial (EC) and smooth muscle cells (SMC). GAG-chitosan complex membranes were generated in vitro and seeded with human ECs or SMCs for culture up to 9d. In addition, porous chitosan and GAG-chitosan complex scaffolds were implanted subcutaneously in rats to evaluate the in vivo response to these materials. The results indicated that while chitosan alone supported cell attachment and growth, GAG-chitosan materials inhibited spreading and proliferation of ECs and SMCs in vitro. In contrast, DS-chitosan surfaces supported proliferation of both cell types. In vivo, heparin-chitosan and DS-chitosan scaffolds stimulated cell proliferation and the formation of a thick layer of dense granulation tissue. In the case of heparin scaffolds the granulation layer was highly vascularized. These results indicate that the GAG-chitosan materials can be used to modulate the proliferation of vascular cells both in vitro and in vivo.
Chupa
J M
JM
Department of Chemical Engineering & Materials Science, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA.
Foster
A M
AM
Sumner
S R
SR
Madihally
S V
SV
Matthew
H W
HW
D000818:Animals; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000494:pharmacology; D001807:Blood Vessel Prosthesis; D019917:Blood Vessel Prosthesis Implantation; D002196:Capillaries / Q000473:pathology; D002448:Cell Adhesion / Q000187:drug effects; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D048429:Cell Size / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002686:Chitin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D048271:Chitosan; D003331:Coronary Vessels / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D016264:Dextran Sulfate / Q000494:pharmacology; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects*; D006025:Glycosaminoglycans / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006099:Granuloma / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009131:Muscle, Smooth, Vascular / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects*; D011134:Polysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley
D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D006025:Glycosaminoglycans; D011134:Polysaccharides; D002686:Chitin; D048271:Chitosan; D016264:Dextran Sulfate