title: Comparative effects of azimilide and ambasilide on the human ether-a-go-go-related gene (HERG) potassium channel.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effects of azimilide and ambasilide on the biophysical properties of the human-ether-a-go-go-related (HERG) channel.
  
  
  METHODS
  HERG was stably transfected into Chinese hamster ovary (CHO-K1) cells and currents were measured using a whole cell, voltage-clamp technique.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Azimilide had a 'dual effect', inhibiting current at voltage steps above -40 mV and augmenting current at -40 and -50 mV. Tail current inhibition following a step to +30 mV did not vary with temperature (IC(50) 610 nM at 22 degrees C and 560 nM at 37 degrees C). The agonist effect at -50 mV was concentration-dependent and correlated with a hyperpolarizing shift in the V(1/2) of activation (r=0.98, P<0.05). Time constants of inactivation were faster and there was a -10 mV shift in the V(1/2) of steady state inactivation suggestive of open and inactivated state binding. By comparison, ambasilide inhibited HERG channels with lower potency (IC(50) 3.6 microM), in a voltage- and time-dependent but frequency-independent manner (0.03-1 Hz). Ambasilide had no effect on activation or inactivation gating but prolonged both fast and slow components of deactivation consistent with unbinding from the open state. The net effect of both drugs was similar during a voltage ramp which simulated a cardiac action potential.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Inhibition of HERG channels by azimilide and ambasilide exhibits a similar time and voltage-dependence. While both exhibit affinity for the open state, azimilide also binds to inactivated channels.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of New South Wales and Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, St Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, Australia.
authors.forename: B D
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Walker
authors.forename: C B
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Singleton
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tie
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Bursill
authors.forename: K R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Wyse
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Valenzuela
authors.forename: S N
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Breit
authors.forename: T J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Campbell
mesh_terms: D062365:Aminobenzoates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D000889:Anti-Arrhythmia Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019086:Bridged Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016466:CHO Cells; D027682:Cation Transport Proteins; D006224:Cricetinae; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D003864:Depression, Chemical; D000072237:ERG1 Potassium Channel; D051638:Ether-A-Go-Go Potassium Channels; D006801:Humans; D006827:Hydantoins; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000494:pharmacology*; D048289:Imidazolidines; D018408:Patch-Clamp Techniques; D010879:Piperazines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D026902:Potassium Channel Blockers; D015221:Potassium Channels; D024642:Potassium Channels, Voltage-Gated; D015534:Trans-Activators; D000071230:Transcriptional Regulator ERG
chemical_list: D062365:Aminobenzoates; D000889:Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; D019086:Bridged Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic; D027682:Cation Transport Proteins; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; C072312:ERG protein, human; D000072237:ERG1 Potassium Channel; D051638:Ether-A-Go-Go Potassium Channels; D006827:Hydantoins; D007093:Imidazoles; D048289:Imidazolidines; C000606913:KCNH2 protein, human; C092509:KCNH6 protein, human; D010879:Piperazines; D026902:Potassium Channel Blockers; D015221:Potassium Channels; D024642:Potassium Channels, Voltage-Gated; D015534:Trans-Activators; D000071230:Transcriptional Regulator ERG; C075113:ambasilide; C086123:azimilide