title: Long-term peritoneal dialysis is a risk factor of sclerosing encapsulating peritonitis for children.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Sclerosing encapsulating peritonitis (SEP) is a clinical syndrome with a high mortality rate and is a serious complication of peritoneal dialysis (PD). Peritoneal sclerosis (PS) is a histological diagnosis. PS is usually observed in the peritoneal specimens of patients with SEP. Avoiding SEP is considered to be extremely important for pediatric patients who may require long-term PD. In this study, the characteristics of patients with PS were investigated to determine when to perform peritoneal biopsies and how long PD can be performed safely.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective single-center study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Tokyo Metropolitan Kiyose Children's Hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 109 children younger than 16 years have received chronic PD in our unit since 1981. Among these children, 16 patients had been on PD for more than 5 years (mean 7.4+/-2.5 years) from May 1992 to March 1999. Peritoneal biopsies were performed in 14 of the 16 patients, who were divided into two groups based on the histological diagnoses: a PS and a peritoneal fibrosis (PF) group.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The 14 patients were on PD for a mean of 7.8+/-2.5 years. There were 8 patients with PS and 6 patients with PF. SEP was observed in 2 patients in the PS group. The risk of PS increased with the duration of PD: 57% (8/14) > 5 years, 80% (4/5) > 8 years, and 100% (3/3) > 10 years. All patients in the PS group showed both peritoneal calcifications on abdominal CT scan and poor ultrafiltration at the time of diagnoses.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Long-term PD was the important risk factor of SEP. If both peritoneal calcification on abdominal CT scan and poor ultrafiltration are observed in a patient on PD more than 5 years, a peritoneal biopsy should be performed. If PS is detected, PD should be discontinued.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Tokyo Metropolitan Kiyose Children's Hospital, Japan. y.araki@ma2.justnet.ne.jp
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Araki
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hataya
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Fukuzawa
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ikeda
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kawamura
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Honda
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001706:Biopsy; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D010530:Peritoneal Dialysis / Q000009:adverse effects*; D010538:Peritonitis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012598:Sclerosis; D013997:Time Factors