title: Candida albicans cerebral granulomas associated with a nonfunctional cerebrospinal fluid shunt: case report.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We report an unusual case of basal ganglia granulomas caused by Candida albicans that surrounded the proximal segment of a nonfunctional cerebrospinal fluid shunt in a previously healthy patient.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 22-year-old woman had undergone ventriculoatrial cerebrospinal fluid shunt placement for posttraumatic hydrocephalus 3 years previously. One year later, a shunt revision was followed by wound dehiscence with local infection at the neck level. She received oral administration of antibiotics for 3 months until the wound closed. Twelve weeks before admission, the patient experienced pulmonary emboli. She received anticoagulants, and the distal segment of the shunt was removed. Five weeks after shunt removal, she presented with headache and left-sided hemiplegia caused by right basal ganglia inflammatory masses.
  
  
  METHODS
  A stereotactic brain biopsy was performed, and the shunt remnants were removed. Microscopically, the lesions were acutely and chronically inflamed. C. albicans grew in tissue and in shunt hardware cultures. The patient was treated with 1.1 g of intravenously administered amphotericin B and orally administered ketoconazole; she recovered completely.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  C. albicans brain granulomas occur rarely in immunocompetent patients. Despite the large size of the lesions and severe brain edema, the absence of an underlying disease contributed to complete resolution after shunt removal and antifungal therapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Mexico City, Mexico. Sotohe51@prodigy.net.mx
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Soto-Hernández
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Ramírez-Crescencio
authors.forename: V M
authors.initials: VM
authors.lastname: Moreno Estrada
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: del Valle Robles
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D001927:Brain Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000382:microbiology*; D002177:Candidiasis / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy; D020878:Device Removal; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004868:Equipment Failure; D005260:Female; D006099:Granuloma / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000382:microbiology*; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D017287:Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents