A history of the Teratology Society.
BACKGROUND
The 39-year history of the Teratology Society is reviewed. An abbreviated history is outlined in table form, along with listings of the Warkany Lectures, the postgraduate courses, and officers of the Society.


METHODS
A year-by-year description of the events, including the scientific and social content of the annual meetings and changes in the business of the Society, is given, in many cases using comments from the past presidents. The valuable and unique diversity of the members is discussed and illustrated, presenting the disciplines and main research area of the presidents. The number of submitted abstracts and the various categories are tabulated, averaging the number and type over four periods. Within the past 10 years, a significant increase in the number of abstracts dealing with epidemiology and developmental biology is evident. The Society's development is compared with that of a human, and the question is asked: Have we reached the maturational stage of old age or senescence, or is the Society still maturing gracefully? This question needs further discussion by all the members.


RESULTS
During the past 40 years, we have developed the scientific basis to prevent birth defects caused by rubella, alcoholism, and folate deficiency, as well as many other prenatal exposures.


CONCLUSIONS
We must now engage in the political battles to obtain the resources needed to conduct further research and to implement the prevention programs, as well as to provide care and rehabilitation for persons with birth defects.
Shepard
T H
TH
Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA. shepard@u.washington.edu
Barr
M
M
Brent
R L
RL
Hendrickx
A
A
Kochhar
D
D
Oakley
G
G
Scott
W J
WJ
D049673:History, 20th Century; D006801:Humans; D012958:Societies, Scientific / Q000266:history*; D018600:Teratology / Q000266:history*; D014481:United States