title: Changes in prostaglandin and nitric oxide levels in the hyperdynamic circulation following liver resection.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Significant changes in hepatic haemodynamics occur after major hepatectomy, but the pathogenesis of this phenomenon is unclear. This study investigates the serum profile of prostaglandin and nitric oxide in the hepatic and systemic circulation before and after hepatectomy and the temporal relationship of these to changes in the hepatic blood flow.
  
  
  METHODS
  Blood samples were collected from the internal jugular, portal and hepatic veins of six Yorkshire pigs (17-25 kg) before, immediately after and 48 h after partial hepatectomy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Serum levels of prostacyclin I2 (PGI2) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) from the systemic circulation, the portal circulation and from the hepatic veins were found to differ considerably even before hepatectomy. After the hepatectomy was performed, there was a significant rise in PGI2 levels in the systemic circulation (P=0.027). Hepatic blood flow and cardiac output were measured before hepatectomy, 24 and 48 h after hepatectomy in another six pigs. A significant increase in hepatic blood flow (P=0.029) occurred after the hepatectomy and this was accompanied by a concomitant increase in the cardiac output (P=0.042). The increase in PGI2 concentration in the systemic circulation after hepatectomy appears to accompany the development of hyperdynamic hepatic and systemic circulations. No significant change was found in circulating PGE2 levels in the systemic, portal and hepatic veins at the three collection intervals (i.e. pre, post and 48 h after hepatectomy). The PGE2 levels in the hepatic vein, however, were significantly higher from than in the portal vein (P=0.028). No significant changes were observed in the level of nitric oxide.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study demonstrates an increase in the total hepatic blood flow after hepatectomy together with a threefold increase in prostacyclin in the systemic circulation. The liver was identified as the main source of circulatory prostaglandin.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Research, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore. gcrlof@sgh.gov.sg
authors.forename: O F
authors.initials: OF
authors.lastname: Lai
authors.forename: P K
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Chow
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.forename: I C
authors.initials: IC
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: K C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Soo
authors.forename: S E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Aw
authors.forename: W K
authors.initials: WK
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Fook-Chong
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Satchithanantham
authors.forename: S T
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Chan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002302:Cardiac Output / Q000502:physiology; D015232:Dinoprostone / Q000097:blood*; D011464:Epoprostenol / Q000097:blood*; D006498:Hepatectomy; D006503:Hepatic Veins / Q000502:physiology; D007432:Intraoperative Period; D008102:Liver Circulation / Q000502:physiology*; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000097:blood*; D017082:Portal Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D011184:Postoperative Period; D011863:Radioimmunoassay; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D013552:Swine
chemical_list: D009569:Nitric Oxide; D011464:Epoprostenol; D015232:Dinoprostone