title: Sphincterotomy-associated biliary strictures: features and endoscopic management.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  "Sphincterotomy stenosis" is a recognized late complication of endoscopic biliary sphincterotomy. The narrowing is limited to the biliary orifice and can be managed simply by repeat sphincterotomy. A similar but poorly characterized post-sphincterotomy complication involves narrowing that extends from the biliary orifice for a variable distance along the bile duct, beyond the duodenal wall. This lesion cannot be managed by repeating the sphincterotomy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Six patients (3 men) are described with sphincterotomy associated biliary strictures, all smooth and high grade, presenting at a median of 19 months (range 8 to 60 months) after sphincterotomy. Further sphincterotomy was not possible as an intra-duodenal segment of bile duct was no longer visible. Endoscopic management consisted of serial incremental stent exchange at 2- to 4-month intervals. The goal of therapy was to place two 11.5F stents side-by-side.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Stricture resolution was documented by cholangiography in all patients. One patient with a stricture resistant to treatment required three 10F stents side-by-side, and another underwent treatment to a maximum of adjacent 11.5F and 7F stents. Two 11.5F stents were eventually placed in the other four patients. Overall median duration of stent placement was 12.5 months. At a median of 26.5 months of stent-free follow-up, all patients remain asymptomatic.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Sphincterotomy-associated biliary strictures are a distinct late complication of biliary sphincterotomy. These recalcitrant lesions are not amenable to repeat sphincterotomy; however, the results of this study suggest that they may be managed successfully by serial placement of stents of incrementally increasing diameter.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Therapeutic Endoscopy and Endoscopic Oncology, The Wellesley Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Bourke
authors.forename: A B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Elfant
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Alhalel
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Scheider
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kortan
authors.forename: G B
authors.initials: GB
authors.lastname: Haber
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001652:Bile Ducts / Q000473:pathology; D002779:Cholestasis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000628:therapy; D004724:Endoscopy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016717:Sphincterotomy, Endoscopic / Q000009:adverse effects*; D015607:Stents