title: Role of caspases in dexamethasone-induced apoptosis and activation of c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase in human eosinophils.
abstract: Eosinophils are the principal effector cells for the pathogenesis of allergic inflammation. Glucocorticoids such as dexamethasone have long been used therapeutically for eosinophilia in allergic inflammation by inducing eosinophil apoptosis, but little is known about the intracellular mechanisms mediating dexamethasone-induced apoptosis. In the present study, we investigated the effect of dexamethasone on three mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) involved in the intracellular signalling pathway: c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK), p38 MAPK and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK). We found that dexamethasone could activate JNK and p38 MAPK in a time-dependent manner but not ERK. Further, SB 203580, a specific p38 MAPK inhibitor, was additive with dexamethasone in inducing eosinophil apoptosis, while JNK1/2 antisense phosphorothioate oligodeoxynucleotides did not show any significant effect. These suggest that dexamethasone-induced JNK1/2 and p38 MAPK activation are not crucial to the induction of apoptosis. Pretreatment of eosinophils with benzyloxycarbonyl-Val-Ala-Asp-fluoromethylketone (Z-VAD.FMK), a broad-spectrum caspase inhibitor, could inhibit dexamethasone-induced apoptosis in eosinophils dose-dependently. Moreover, Z-VAD.FMK partially inhibited dexamethasone-activated JNK and p38 MAPK activities. However, dexamethasone treatment did not activate specific caspase-3, -8 activity in eosinophils compared with spontaneous apoptosis. We therefore conclude that dexamethasone-induced apoptosis and activation of JNK and p38 MAPK activity in eosinophils are regulated by caspases but not through the common apoptosis-related caspase-3, -8 as in other cell types. Elucidation of the important role of caspases in eosinophil apoptosis may facilitate the development of more specific and effective treatment for allergic inflammation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong.
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: C K
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.forename: C W
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Lam
mesh_terms: D000590:Amino Acid Chloromethyl Ketones / Q000494:pharmacology; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D053148:Caspase 3; D053181:Caspase 8; D053453:Caspase 9; D061945:Caspase Inhibitors; D020169:Caspases / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D015853:Cysteine Proteinase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D003907:Dexamethasone / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D004804:Eosinophils / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D048031:JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D048056:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 9; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D011725:Pyridines / Q000494:pharmacology; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases
chemical_list: D000590:Amino Acid Chloromethyl Ketones; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D061945:Caspase Inhibitors; D015853:Cysteine Proteinase Inhibitors; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D005938:Glucocorticoids; D007093:Imidazoles; D011725:Pyridines; C096713:benzyloxycarbonylvalyl-alanyl-aspartyl fluoromethyl ketone; D003907:Dexamethasone; D048056:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 9; D048031:JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; C505407:CASP3 protein, human; C505530:CASP8 protein, human; C506433:CASP9 protein, human; D053148:Caspase 3; D053181:Caspase 8; D053453:Caspase 9; D020169:Caspases; C093642:SB 203580