title: On stationarity and cointegration of international health expenditure and GDP.
abstract: This paper examines stationarity and cointegration of health expenditure and GDP, for a sample of 21 OECD countries using data for the period 1960-1997, by applying a test battery that allows robust inference to be made on the stationarity and cointegration issue. Trend stationarity and no-cointegration are tested using new country-by-country and panel tests, not previously applied in this setting. New results for country-by-country and panel tests of non-stationarity and cointegration are presented. Our unit root and trend stationarity results indicate that both health expenditure and GDP are non-stationary. The no-cointegration and cointegration results indicate that health expenditure and GDP are cointegrated.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Health Economics, Stockholm School of Economics, Sweden. heug@hhs.se
authors.forename: U G
authors.initials: UG
authors.lastname: Gerdtham
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Löthgren
mesh_terms: D003627:Data Interpretation, Statistical; D019049:Developed Countries / Q000191:economics*; D005102:Health Expenditures / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006302:Health Services Research / Q000379:methods* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D017059:Models, Econometric; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012107:Research Design