title: Pretreatment blood pressure reliably predicts progression of chronic nephropathies. GISEN Group.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Random, nontimed blood pressure (BP) measurements in the outpatient clinic may fail to provide reliable information on actual daily BP control in renal patients on chronic antihypertensive therapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a cohort of 163 patients with proteinuric chronic nephropathies followed prospectively with repeated BP and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) measurements, we compared baseline and follow-up pretreatment, morning ("trough," measured by standard procedures, and "0 minutes," measured by an automatic device) and post-treatment (120 minutes) measurements, with BP monitored up to 600 minutes after treatment administration. We then evaluated which BP value most reliably predicted GFR decline (delta GFR) and progression to end-stage renal failure (ESRF) over a median (interquartile range) follow-up of 20 (9 to 25) months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  GFR decline was more reliably predicted by systolic as compared with diastolic BP and by pretreatment as compared to post-treatment BP, regardless of the timing and method of measurement, respectively. In particular, at the 120-minute baseline and follow-up measurements, systolic BP had no predictive value in patients with less severe renal insufficiency and baseline diastolic BP, regardless of the level of renal dysfunction. The BP predictive value was remarkably higher in ramipril than in conventionally treated patients. All follow-up-but no baseline-measurements reliably predicted the risk of ESRF in the entire study group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In patients with progressive chronic nephropathies, systolic BP and pretreatment morning BP measurements are the most reliable predictors of disease outcome and may serve to guide antihypertensive therapy in routine clinical activities and in prospective controlled trials, particularly in patients on angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor therapy. Reliability and relevance of single measurements taken at different times after treatment administration are questionable.
authors.affiliation: Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research, Clinical Research Center for Rare Diseases Aldo e Cele Daccò, Villa Camozzi, Ranica, Italy.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ruggenenti
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Perna
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lesti
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pisoni
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Mosconi
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Arnoldi
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Ciocca
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Gaspari
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Remuzzi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects*; D002908:Chronic Disease; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate; D006801:Humans; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000652:urine; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000209:etiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015337:Multicenter Studies as Topic; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011507:Proteinuria / Q000209:etiology; D017257:Ramipril / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
chemical_list: D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; D017257:Ramipril