Regulation of intestinal regeneration: new insights.
Intestinal regeneration is the process by which intestinal injury penetrating deep to the lamina propria heals. The regenerative process involves epithelial cell migration and proliferation, changes in cellular function, adaptation of subepithelial tissues, and contraction of the injured area. This requires interaction of multiple cell types. While many observations have been made about the process of regeneration, its regulation is not well understood. Previous studies, performed primarily in a serosal patch model, have identified many potential regulatory factors. These include location and size of the injury, other associated injury, e.g., resection, and a variety of agents that influence one or more of the primary processes involved. Epidermal growth factor (EGF), in particular, appears to play a role in many aspects of regeneration. Recent advances in the understanding of intestinal growth regulation have provided new insights into the regulation of intestinal regeneration. Developmental studies in genetically manipulated mice suggest a role for gene products not previously implicated in regeneration. The importance of apoptosis in growth regulation has recently been emphasized. Mesenchymal-epithelial interactions have gained greater appreciation. Finally, it has become clear that immune cells and cytokines are important factors in this process. Transforming growth factor-beta (TGFbeta) has been implicated as another important regulator of several of the processes involved in intestinal regulation. Improved understanding of the regulation of intestinal regeneration will lead to new therapeutic approaches to stimulate intestinal healing in the clinical setting.
Thompson
J S
JS
Department of Surgery and Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, and Surgical Services at the Omaha VA Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198-3280, USA. jthompson@unmc.edu
Saxena
S K
SK
Sharp
J G
JG
D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D002450:Cell Communication; D002455:Cell Division; D002465:Cell Movement; D004815:Epidermal Growth Factor / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D007422:Intestines / Q000502:physiology*; D008648:Mesoderm / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D012038:Regeneration; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000032:analysis / Q000502:physiology
D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D004815:Epidermal Growth Factor