Photodynamic therapy using Lu-Tex induces apoptosis in vitro, and its effect is potentiated by angiostatin in retinal capillary endothelial cells.
OBJECTIVE
To examine the effect of combining angiostatin with photodynamic therapy (PDT) using Lutetium Texaphyrin (Lu-Tex; Alcon, Fort Worth, TX) as a photosensitizer in bovine retinal capillary endothelial (BRCE) and retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells and to determine the mode of PDT-induced cell death in these cell lines.


METHODS
Cultured BRCE and RPE cells were incubated with angiostatin (500 ng/ml) for 18 hours and subjected to Lu-Tex/PDT, using treatment parameters previously optimized (3 microgram/ml Lu-Tex for 30 minutes followed by timed irradiation at 732 nm). Cellular survival was assessed after a 1-week cellular proliferation. Data were analyzed using Student's t-test. Caspase 3 activity was monitored in cells after PDT using a fluorogenic substrate, (Asp-Glu-Val-Asp)-AFC (7-amino-4-trifluoromethyl coumarin) [DEVD-AFC], of caspase 3. After PDT, expression of Bcl-2, Bcl-x(L), Bax, and Bak was also examined in cell lysates by Western blot analysis.


RESULTS
A synergistic cytotoxic effect of angiostatin and Lu-Tex/PDT was observed in BRCE cells at all fluences used (5, 10, and 20 J/cm(2); P </= 0.05). These findings applied only if angiostatin was delivered before PDT. No such interactive killing effect was observed in RPE cells. Caspase 3 activity was elevated within 10 minutes of PDT in BRCE and RPE cells and was fluence dependent. Differential modulation of Bcl-2 family members was observed after PDT in BRCE and RPE cells.


CONCLUSIONS
The combination of angiostatin and Lu-Tex/PDT potentiates the cytotoxic effect of Lu-Tex/PDT on BRCE but not on RPE cells. This may provide a strategy to increase the selectivity of PDT in damaging capillary endothelial cells with less damage to RPE cells. Lu-Tex/PDT induces rapid caspase-dependent apoptosis in BRCE and RPE cells. Furthermore, Lu-Tex/PDT induces apoptosis through selective modulation of members of the Bcl-2 family and differs between BRCE and RPE cells.
Renno
R Z
RZ
Laser Laboratory, Retina Service, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary. Schepens Eye Research Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA.
Delori
F C
FC
Holzer
R A
RA
Gragoudas
E S
ES
Miller
J W
JW
D043168:Angiostatins; D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002196:Capillaries / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D053148:Caspase 3; D020169:Caspases / Q000378:metabolism; D002417:Cattle; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D002470:Cell Survival; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003374:Coumarins / Q000378:metabolism; D004338:Drug Combinations; D004357:Drug Synergism; D004591:Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D008665:Metalloporphyrins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009842:Oligopeptides / Q000378:metabolism; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010778:Photochemotherapy; D017319:Photosensitizing Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010857:Pigment Epithelium of Eye / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D010958:Plasminogen / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / Q000378:metabolism; D012171:Retinal Vessels / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism
D003374:Coumarins; D004338:Drug Combinations; D008665:Metalloporphyrins; D009842:Oligopeptides; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D017319:Photosensitizing Agents; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; C115495:aspartyl-glutamyl-valyl-aspartyl-7-amino-4-trifluoromethylcoumarin; C102825:motexafin lutetium; C437683:motexafin gadolinium; D043168:Angiostatins; D010958:Plasminogen; D053148:Caspase 3; D020169:Caspases