title: The efficacy and safety of cefaclor in respiratory infections amongst Pakistani children.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the efficacy and safety of Cefaclor in respiratory tract infections amongst Pakistani children.
  
  
  METHODS
  Multicenter, open label and non-comparative study was done to evaluate the response in terms of symptoms (In vivo) and bacterial cultures (In Vitro) to Cefaclor amongst children with respiratory tract infection between the ages 2 months to 12 years. Each patient was asked to visit the doctor on three occasions i.e., Day 0 (Initial evaluation prior to commencement of study), Day 4 (During therapy assessment and confirmation of compliance) and Day 10 (End of therapy assessment and compliance evaluation). Representative swab specimens (Throat swabs, Ear swabs or Sputum) were collected from the infected site on day 0 and day 10 for culture and sensitivity. Patients were also assessed by the evaluators on each visit in terms of clinical symptomatic response and information collected was documented on a prescribed data base form.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 160 patients were enrolled in the study, of whom 15 were lost to follow-up between the first and second visit and a further 38 were lost by the 3rd visit. Thus 107 patients completed the study as per protocol. Otitis media and Upper respiratory tract infection were the predominant ailments amongst the cases enrolled. One or more bacteria were isolated in 75 (46%) instances, the maximum number of isolates being from ear swabs of Otitis media patients. Beta haemolytic Streptococcus (group A,C,F,G) seen in 18 cases was the most common pathogen reported followed by Staphylococcus aureus, H. influenzae and Streptococcus pneumoniae in 13,12 and 11 cases respectively. Sensitivity of Cefaclor for bacteria commonly seen in the respiratory tract was greater than 90% in most of the cases. Evaluation of the 42 culture proven cases for patients who completed the study showed that Cefaclor had a 93% efficacy for indicated bacteria and 54% for non-indicated bacteria. In Vivo analysis of Cefaclor (i.e. on the basis of symptomatic response) showed that 96% cases had a symptomatic response by the second visit, which improved to 97% by the third visit. Only 15 non-serious adverse events were observed in 160 patients, none of the cases necessitated discontinuation of drug. Mild gastrointestinal symptom was the most common adverse event reported.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cefaclor was found to be a safe and efficacious drug in the treatment of bacterial respiratory tract infections amongst Pakistani children.
authors.affiliation: Lokhand Walla Clinic, Karachi.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Najam
authors.forename: F L
authors.initials: FL
authors.lastname: Walla
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Iqbal
authors.forename: M K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Aqil
authors.forename: M W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Sharif
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Masood
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Gaba
authors.forename: B A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Malik
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hassan
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Malik
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hassan
authors.forename: K A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Bukhari
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Khawar
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Tarar
mesh_terms: D001424:Bacterial Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000382:microbiology; D002433:Cefaclor / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology; D002511:Cephalosporins / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D012141:Respiratory Tract Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000382:microbiology; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D002511:Cephalosporins; D002433:Cefaclor