title: Lead exposure from blood transfusion to premature infants.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study was to determine the exposure of premature infants to lead from blood transfusions.
  
  
  METHODS
  Blood lead concentrations were determined for 19 very premature infants at the time of admission, at 4 weeks of life, and before and after transfusions and in the donor packed red blood cells of 79 transfusions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The number of transfusions per patient was 4. 2 +/- 2.8 (mean +/- SD) with 15.7 +/- 1.9 mL/kg packed red blood cells for a lead dose of 1.56 +/- 1.77 microg/dL. The total dose of lead from these transfusions over the 4-week period was 4.0 +/- 2.8 microg/kg (range, 0.9-10.6 microg/kg). Increases in post-transfusion blood lead concentration were linear with doses higher than 1.5 microg/dL. Packed red blood cells with a blood lead concentration of > or = 5 microg/dL resulted in an elevated post-transfusion blood lead concentration in some infants.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The lead exposure to these infants through blood transfusion exceeds the acceptable daily intake values for lead and may result in unacceptably high post-transfusion blood lead concentrations. Use of packed red blood cells with lead concentrations <3.3 microg/dL is one cost-effective means to reduce exposure.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
authors.forename: C F
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Bearer
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: O'Riordan
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Powers
mesh_terms: D001803:Blood Transfusion / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature; D007854:Lead / Q000097:blood*; D065227:Transfusion Reaction
chemical_list: D007854:Lead