title: Characterization of a microprocessor-controlled tubular multiple metered dose inhaler aerosol generator for inhalation exposures of pharmaceuticals.
abstract: A microprocessor-controlled tubular multiple metered dose inhaler (MDI) aerosol generator was constructed for the delivery of pharmaceutical aerosols to inhalation chambers. The MDIs were mounted in four cassettes containing one to four MDIs on a stepped end plate. The MDIs in each cassette were pneumatically activated at intervals that were controlled by the microprocessor. The cassettes permitted easy replacement of each set of MDIs with a fresh set of MDIs whenever necessary. Aerosol concentration was controlled by varying the number of active MDIs in each cassette and the frequency of activations per minute of each row. Aerosol from the MDIs flowed along the long axis of the tube, which provided a path length sufficient to diminish impaction losses. Using a light-scattering device to monitor the aerosol concentration, the pulsatile output from the MDIs in the cassettes was demonstrated to be adequately damped out provided that the dilution/mixing/aging chamber exceeded 3 ft in length. The tube diameter selected was the minimum compatible with mounting the required number of MDIs so that the linear velocity of the aerosol was adequate to efficiently transport the aerosol out of the dilution chamber. Aerosol concentration and particle size data were recorded for a nose-only rodent exposure chamber. Reproducible aerosol concentrations ranging from 0.03 to 0.6 mg/L were generated. Particle sizes ranged from 2- to 3-microm mass median aerodynamic diameter. Thus, the aerosol generated was within the size range suitable for inhalation exposures.
authors.affiliation: Primedica Argus Research Laboratories, Horsham, Pennsylvania 19044, USA. simon.rothenberg@primedica.com
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Rothenberg
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Barnett
authors.forename: G E
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Dearlove
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Parker
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Ball
authors.forename: J T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Brady
authors.forename: H C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Yeh
authors.forename: B J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Greenspan
mesh_terms: D000336:Aerosols; D000818:Animals; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems / Q000295:instrumentation*; D004867:Equipment Design; D020024:Leukotriene Antagonists / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008838:Microcomputers; D009330:Nebulizers and Vaporizers; D010316:Particle Size; D011312:Pressure; D051381:Rats; D015203:Reproducibility of Results
chemical_list: D000336:Aerosols; D020024:Leukotriene Antagonists