title: Parameters for contralateral approach to ophthalmic segment aneurysms of the internal carotid artery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study was undertaken to define more accurately the feasibility and indications of the contralateral pterional approach to ophthalmic segment aneurysms of the internal carotid artery (ICA).
  
  
  METHODS
  Between 1995 and 1999, 46 patients with ophthalmic segment aneurysms of the ICA were surgically treated in our institution. Eleven of the 46 aneurysms were operated using the contralateral pterional approach. All aneurysms were successfully clipped without complications; three patients required bone resection around the aneurysm neck. We studied the 11 patients who were treated with the contralateral approach by defining six parameters to assess the feasibility of the approach and to predict the necessity for bone resection: 1) Parameter A, the distance between the anterior aspect of the optic chiasm and the limbus sphenoidale; 2) Parameter B, the distance between the bilateral optic nerves at the entrance to the optic canal; 3) Parameter C, the interrelation of the optic nerve and the ICA, expressed as a/b in which a is the length from the midline to the optic nerve and b is the length from the midline to the ICA; 4) Parameter D, the size of the aneurysm neck; 5) Parameter E, the direction of the aneurysm from the ICA wall on the anteroposterior angiogram; and 6) Parameter F, the distance from the medial side of the estimated distal dural ring to the proximal aneurysm neck on the lateral angiogram.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Parameters A to F were 8.8 mm (range, 5.4-11.1 mm), 14.5 mm (range, 10.4-22.2 mm), 0.9 mm (range, 0.6-1.3 mm), and 3.0 mm (range, 2.3-4.7 mm), 5 to 160 degrees, and 1.3 mm (range, 0.3-2.4 mm), respectively. All patients had excellent operative outcomes without visual dysfunction. Three patients required drilling of the bone around the optic canal on the craniotomy side; bone drilling was not required when Parameter E was between 30 and 160 degrees and Parameter F was more than 1 mm.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Parameters A to D are important for assessing the feasibility of the contralateral approach to ICA-ophthalmic segment aneurysms, and Parameters E and F are most useful for calculating the difficulty of this approach.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kakizawa
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Orz
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Iwashita
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hongo
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002340:Carotid Artery Diseases / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D002533:Cerebral Angiography; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D002532:Intracranial Aneurysm / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019635:Neurosurgical Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D009880:Ophthalmic Artery / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D011300:Preoperative Care; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome