title: Modifications of cardiac autonomic profile associated with a shift schedule of work.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Shift work is associated with an increased rate of cardiovascular diseases and accidents. Discordance between circadian rhythms of stress-related biological variables and the work-sleep schedule might explain the reduced efficiency of work. It is not clear whether a shift schedule of work may induce similar discordance in the 24-hour oscillatory pattern of the cardiac autonomic control in respect to the work-sleep periods.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-two healthy male blue-collar shift workers underwent 24-hour ECG recordings during each of the 3 different shifts (first, 6 AM to 2 PM; second, 2 to 10 PM; third, 10 PM to 6 AM). Spectral analysis of heart rate variability over 24 hours provided the normalized markers of cardiac sympathetic (LF(nu)) and vagal (HF(nu)) modulation of the sinoatrial node activity and of the sympathovagal balance (LF/HF). LF(nu) and LF/HF exhibited 24-hour oscillations with different times of maximum and minimum in accordance with the working and sleeping periods, respectively. Lower values of LF(nu) and LF/HF suggestive of a reduced cardiac sympathetic modulation were present when the job task was performed at night compared with the values observed when the work was performed during morning and evening.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Continuous weekly changes of time of maximum and minimum in the cardiac sympathetic and vagal autonomic control may play a role in the excessive rate of cardiovascular diseases in shift workers. The reduced values of the indexes of cardiac sympathetic modulation during night work might be related to the presence of sleepiness or diminished alertness, which in turn could facilitate errors and accidents.
authors.affiliation: Centro Ricerche Cardiovascolari, CNR, University degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy. raffaellof@fisiopat.sacco.unimi.it
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Furlan
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Barbic
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Piazza
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tinelli
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Seghizzi
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Malliani
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001341:Autonomic Nervous System / Q000502:physiology; D002940:Circadian Rhythm / Q000502:physiology*; D015716:Electrocardiography, Ambulatory; D006329:Heart Conduction System / Q000502:physiology*; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012016:Reference Values; D012815:Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted; D012890:Sleep / Q000502:physiology; D013312:Stress, Physiological / Q000503:physiopathology; D014630:Vagus Nerve / Q000502:physiology; D014940:Work Schedule Tolerance / Q000502:physiology*