title: Lipopolysaccharide causes atrophy of Peyer's patches and an increased expression of CD28 and B7 costimulatory ligands.
abstract: Intestinal mucosal dysfunction appears to contribute to infectious complications in critically ill patients. The current study was undertaken to investigate whether endotoxin affects lymphocyte subpopulations and the expression of costimulatory signals in Peyer's patches (PP). Female Balb/c mice were given an intraperitoneal injection of 25 microg LPS and sacrified 24 h or 72 h later to determine total cell yield, lymphocyte subpopulations (B-cells, total T-cells, CD4+- and CD8+-cells), the costimulatory molecules CD28, B7.1 (CD80) and B7.2 (CD86) and the percentage of apoptotic cells in PP and in the spleen as well as small intestinal IgA concentration. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge caused a significant decrease of total cell yield in PP at both time-points (-50+/-28% and -43+/-25%, respectively; P < 0.001). This decrease was significant for all measured lymphocyte subpopulations. In contrast, total cell yield was increased (P < 0.001) in the spleen 24 h (+52+/-13%) and 72 h (+130+/-22%) after LPS. The decrease of lymphocyte numbers in the PP was accompanied by an increased percentage of lymphocytes expressing costimulatory molecules. In this respect, an increased percentage of CD40+CD80+, CD40+CD86+, and of CD4+CD28+ could be demonstrated after LPS administration. In the spleen, the percentage of CD4+CD28+ was also elevated after LPS bolus, however, the percentage of CD40+CD80+ was reduced, and that of CD40+CD86+ was unaltered. The influence of LPS on apoptosis of lymphocytes was time-dependent. The percentage of apoptotic cells 24 h after LPS was increased in PP (P < 0.01), but was unchanged in the spleen. Seventy-two hours after LPS injection, the percentage of apoptotic cells returned to normal in PP. Luminal IgA levels remained unchanged after LPS challenge. In conclusion, our data show that LPS causes atrophy of PP which seems to be counterregulated by an enhanced expression of costimulatory molecules.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgical Research, University of Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Manhart
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Vierlinger
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Habel
authors.forename: L H
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Bergmeister
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Götzinger
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sautner
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Spittler
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Boltz-Nitulescu
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Marian
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Roth
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000378:metabolism; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D001284:Atrophy; D018122:B7-1 Antigen / Q000378:metabolism; D051940:B7-2 Antigen; D018106:CD28 Antigens / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007070:Immunoglobulin A / Q000378:metabolism; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000633:toxicity*; D016131:Lymphocyte Subsets / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D010581:Peyer's Patches / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology*; D013154:Spleen / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD; D018122:B7-1 Antigen; D051940:B7-2 Antigen; D018106:CD28 Antigens; C497964:CD86 protein, human; C497965:Cd86 protein, mouse; D007070:Immunoglobulin A; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins