title: Identification of Enterococcus species and phenotypically similar Lactococcus and Vagococcus species by reverse checkerboard hybridization to chaperonin 60 gene sequences.
abstract: Data from four recent studies (S. H. Goh et al., J. Clin. Microbiol. 36:2164-2166, 1998; S. H. Goh et al., J. Clin. Microbiol. 34:818-823, 1996; S. H. Goh et al., J. Clin. Microbiol. 35:3116-3121, 1997; A. Y. C. Kwok et al., Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 49:1181-1192, 1999) suggest that an approximately 600-bp region of the chaperonin 60 (Cpn60) gene, amplified by PCR with a single pair of degenerate primers, has utility as a potentially universal target for bacterial identification (ID). This Cpn60 gene ID method correctly identified isolates representative of numerous staphylococcal species and Streptococcus iniae, a human and animal pathogen. We report herein that this method enabled us to distinguish clearly between 17 Enterococcus species (Enterococcus asini, Enterococcus rattus, Enterococcus dispar, Enterococcus gallinarum, Enterococcus hirae, Enterococcus durans, Enterococcus cecorum, Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus mundtii, Enterococcus casseliflavus, Enterococcus faecium, Enterococcus malodoratus, Enterococcus raffinosus, Enterococcus avium, Enterococcus pseudoavium, Enterococcus new sp. strain Facklam, and Enterococcus saccharolyticus), and Vagococcus fluvialis, Lactococcus lactis, and Lactococcus garvieae. From 123 blind-tested samples, only two discrepancies were observed between the Facklam and Collins phenotyping method (R. R. Facklam and M. D. Collins, J. Clin. Microbiol. 27:731-734, 1989) and the Cpn60 ID method. In each case, the discrepancies were resolved in favor of the Cpn60 ID method. The species distributions of the 123 blind-tested isolates were Enterococcus new sp. strain Facklam (ATCC 700913), 3; E. asini, 1; E. rattus, 4; E. dispar, 2; E. gallinarum, 20; E. hirae, 9; E. durans, 9; E. faecalis, 12; E. mundtii, 3; E. casseliflavus, 8; E. faecium, 25; E. malodoratus, 3; E. raffinosus, 8; E. avium, 4; E. pseudoavium, 1; an unknown Enterococcus clinical isolate, sp. strain R871; Vagococcus fluvialis, 4; Lactococcus garvieae, 3; Lactococcus lactis, 3; Leuconostoc sp., 1; and Pediococcus sp., 1. The Cpn60 gene ID method, coupled with reverse checkerboard hybridization, is an effective method for the identification of Enterococcus and related organisms.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Canada. shgoh@interchange.ubc.ca
authors.forename: S H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Goh
authors.forename: R R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Facklam
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Hill
authors.forename: G J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Tyrrell
authors.forename: E C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Burns
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Rahim
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Shaw
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Hemmingsen
mesh_terms: D015373:Bacterial Typing Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D018834:Chaperonin 60 / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D016983:Enterococcus / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism; D016908:Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections / Q000382:microbiology*; D006095:Gram-Positive Cocci / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D017045:Lactococcus / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008163:Luminescent Measurements; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009693:Nucleic Acid Hybridization / Q000379:methods*; D010641:Phenotype; D010802:Phylogeny; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA
chemical_list: D018834:Chaperonin 60