title: Dental caries in HIV-infected children: a longitudinal study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this descriptive longitudinal clinical study was to determine primary and permanent dentition caries status in HIV-infected children, and to compare caries status with the CD4 percentage (CD4%) and immune suppression category.
  
  
  METHODS
  73 children up to 9 years of age with vertical HIV transmission were evaluated for caries in the primary dentition at baseline and at 6 month intervals over a 30 month period; while 19 HIV-infected children between 5 and 11 years of age had their permanent dentition evaluated for caries at baseline and at 6 month intervals over a 24 month period. Caries status was also compared with CDC CD4 percentage (> 25%, 15-24%, < 15%), and CDC immune suppression categories (immune suppression: none, moderate, severe). With primary dentition caries, comparisons were made among all children (2-9 yr-olds, N = 73), < 2 yr-olds (N = 28), 2 to 4 yr-olds (N = 20), and 5 to 9 yr-olds (N = 25), and compared with NHANES III data. Caries-free status was also determined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During the 30-month period, there was an almost two-fold increase in primary tooth surface caries for the 2 to 9 year-olds. Caries-free status in the primary dentition declined from 60% at baseline to 37% at the 30-month period. With 5 to 11 years-olds, DMFS and DMFT remained relatively stable, while the proportion of caries-free individuals declined from 72% at baseline to 50% at 18 months. Caries in the primary dentition was increased substantially for those in the low CDC CD4 percentage categories and CDC moderate to severe immune suppression categories.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Primary dentition caries status in HIV-infected children is considerably greater than that for the US pediatric population, and increases with decreasing CD4 percentage and moderate to severe immune suppression. HIV-infected children with caries-free primary dentitions are less frequent than in the US pediatric population, and caries-free status decreases with age, lower CD4 percentage and moderate to severe immune suppression.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Baylor College of Medicine, USA. mjhicks@texaschildrenshospital.org
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Hicks
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Flaitz
authors.forename: A B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Carter
authors.forename: S G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Cron
authors.forename: S N
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Rossmann
authors.forename: C L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Simon
authors.forename: G J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Demmler
authors.forename: M W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Kline
mesh_terms: D018791:CD4 Lymphocyte Count; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004245:DMF Index; D003731:Dental Caries / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000276:immunology; D003733:Dental Caries Susceptibility; D019229:Dentition, Permanent; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000635:transmission; D006801:Humans; D016867:Immunocompromised Host; D018445:Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D015995:Prevalence; D013781:Texas / Q000453:epidemiology; D014094:Tooth, Deciduous; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology