title: Inhaled nitric oxide does not enhance lipid peroxidation in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate whether inhaled nitric oxide (NO) enhances pulmonary lipid peroxidation as indicated by arterial blood levels of malondialdehyde, hexanal, and pentanal in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective, nonrandomized, controlled trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  Surgical intensive care unit in a university hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-five patients with ARDS, as defined by the American-European Consensus Conference, and a PaO2/FIO2 < or = 170 mm Hg were enrolled in the study. Four healthy subjects were studied as controls.
  
  
  METHODS
  On enrollment of the patients in the study, a dose-response test with increasing concentrations of inhaled NO (0, 2, 10, 40, 0 ppm) was performed. Patients who showed an increase of >20% in PaO2 were designated as responders and all others as nonresponders. In responders, this dose-response test was followed by 24 hrs of continuous treatment with inhaled NO at the best NO concentration determined during the dose-response test, whereas nonresponders received standard care. For healthy volunteers, the dose-response test took the form of spontaneous breathing of the same NO concentrations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eighteen patients (72%) showed an increase of >20% in PaO2 during the dose-response test. This significant improvement in arterial oxygenation in responders led to a significant reduction in FIO2 (responders, 0.73 +/- 0.05 vs. nonresponders, 0.89 +/- 0.05) after 24 hrs of therapy. On enrollment, arterial blood concentrations of malondialdehyde, hexanal, and pentanal were significantly higher than those of healthy volunteers. In addition, arterial concentrations of hexanal and pentanal exceeded mixed venous levels two- to ten-fold. Inhalation of NO did not significantly alter these blood concentrations either during the dose response test or during 24 hrs of therapy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In patients with ARDS, malondialdehyde, hexanal, and pentanal were significantly elevated, indicating lipid peroxidation. Lipid peroxidation was not further affected by inhalation of NO.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Children's Hospital, University of Heidelberg, Germany.
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Weigand
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Snyder-Ramos
authors.forename: A G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Möllers
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bauer
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hansen
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Kochen
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Motsch
mesh_terms: D000280:Administration, Inhalation; D000368:Aged; D000447:Aldehydes / Q000097:blood; D001993:Bronchodilator Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D016903:Drug Monitoring; D005260:Female; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects*; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000097:blood; D008875:Middle Aged; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012128:Respiratory Distress Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000401:mortality; D016019:Survival Analysis; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000447:Aldehydes; D001993:Bronchodilator Agents; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D008315:Malondialdehyde; C010463:n-hexanal; C046012:pentanal