title: Botulinum toxin in otolaryngology: a review of its actions and opportunities for use.
abstract: Botulinum toxin has several important properties that make it an ideal chemical denervator. These include its high degree of specificity for the neuromuscular junction, its ability to induce temporary and reversible denervation, and its limited degree of side effects and complications. Botulinum toxin is being used safely in a wide variety of clinical settings by many different specialists. In otolaryngologic practice, it is being administered for the treatment of at least a dozen conditions, including various dysphonias, dystonias, and spasms as well as torticollis, facial nerve paralysis, and hyperkinetic facial lines. Studies have shown that botulinum toxin injections have a high rate of success in temporarily relieving symptoms.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, USA.
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Neuenschwander
authors.forename: E A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Pribitkin
authors.forename: R T
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Sataloff
mesh_terms: D001905:Botulinum Toxins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004421:Dystonia / Q000628:therapy*; D005158:Facial Paralysis / Q000628:therapy; D019569:Hemifacial Spasm / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D008538:Meige Syndrome / Q000628:therapy; D010036:Otolaryngology; D014103:Torticollis / Q000628:therapy; D014832:Voice Disorders / Q000145:classification / Q000628:therapy*
chemical_list: D001905:Botulinum Toxins