title: Anticardiolipin antibody levels predict flares and relapses in patients with giant-cell (temporal) arteritis. A longitudinal study of 58 biopsy-proven cases.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the usefulness of anticardiolipin antibodies (aCL) in identifying flares and relapses in giant-cell arteritis.
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied 58 consecutive patients with biopsy-proven temporal giant-cell arteritis. C-reactive protein and aCL serum levels were measured simultaneously at the time of diagnosis and at each out-patient visit until recovery. All observed episodes of a rise in C-reactive protein attributable to a precise cause, for which the simultaneous measurement of aCL was available, were analysed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean duration of clinical observation and serum aCL assessment was 34+/-18 and 24+/-11 months, respectively. Anticardiolipin antibody positivity (IgG or total antibodies > or =20 U) before treatment was found before treatment in 27 cases (46.6%) (mean 45.6+/-26 U/l, range 20-110 U). Levels of aCL decreased below 10 U with appropriate treatment in all patients except one, after a variable delay. No rise in aCL levels was recorded subsequently in any patient whose disease was controlled permanently. A significant rise in aCL was recorded in 20 of 27 (74%) of the flares or relapses of giant-cell arteritis, including seven of 12 flares in seven patients whose initial aCL level was <20 U vs none of the 28 inflammatory episodes unrelated to giant-cell arteritis (P<0.0000001). IgM aCL, infrequently found at diagnosis, was not associated with signs of disease activity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Serum aCL levels are useful in the detection of flares and relapses in giant-cell arteritis, with fairly good sensitivity (74%) and a specificity of 100%, and can be of value in distinguishing subclinical flares from infection.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospitals of Limoges, Limoges, France.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Liozon
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Roblot
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Paire
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Loustaud
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Liozon
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Vidal
authors.forename: M O
authors.initials: MO
authors.lastname: Jauberteau
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017153:Antibodies, Anticardiolipin / Q000032:analysis*; D001706:Biopsy; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D013700:Giant Cell Arteritis / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008775:Methylprednisolone / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011241:Prednisone / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012008:Recurrence; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D017153:Antibodies, Anticardiolipin; D011241:Prednisone; D008775:Methylprednisolone