title: Peripheral arterial disease in randomized trial of estrogen with progestin in women with coronary heart disease: the Heart and Estrogen/Progestin Replacement Study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Postmenopausal estrogen use has been associated with reduced carotid atherosclerosis in observational studies, but this relationship has not been confirmed in a clinical trial. The impact of estrogen on atherosclerotic disease in other peripheral arteries is unknown.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Postmenopausal women with coronary heart disease (CHD) and an intact uterus (n=2763) were randomly assigned to conjugated equine estrogens (0.625 mg) combined with medroxyprogesterone acetate (2.5 mg) daily or to placebo in a secondary CHD prevention trial. This analysis focuses on incident peripheral arterial procedures and deaths in the 2 treatment groups; peripheral vascular disease was a predefined secondary outcome. During a mean of 4.1 years of follow-up, 311 peripheral arterial events were reported in 213 women, an annual incidence of 2.9%. The number of women who had peripheral arterial events was 99 among those assigned to active estrogen/progestin and 114 among those assigned to placebo, a nonsignificant difference (relative hazard 0. 87, 95% CI 0.66 to 1.14). In the placebo group, hypertension and diabetes mellitus were independently associated with higher rates of peripheral arterial events, and plasma HDL cholesterol and body mass index were associated with lower rates of peripheral arterial events. In the estrogen/progestin group, current smoking and diabetes were independent predictors of peripheral arterial events. Incident peripheral arterial disease was not a significant predictor of coronary, cardiovascular, or total mortality.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Treatment with oral conjugated estrogen plus medroxyprogesterone acetate was not associated with a significant reduction in incident peripheral arterial events in postmenopausal women with preexisting CHD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA. domjah@gwumc.edu
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hsia
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Simon
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: W B
authors.initials: WB
authors.lastname: Applegate
authors.forename: M T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Vogt
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hunninghake
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Carr
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001158:Arteries / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D015897:Comorbidity; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology; D004338:Drug Combinations; D004967:Estrogens / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D017258:Medroxyprogesterone Acetate / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D016491:Peripheral Vascular Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D017698:Postmenopause; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D004338:Drug Combinations; D004967:Estrogens; D017258:Medroxyprogesterone Acetate