title: Induction of cyclooxygenase-2 in rat gastric mucosa by rebamipide, a mucoprotective agent.
abstract: Recent studies indicate an expression of mitogen-inducible cyclooxygenase (COX-2) in gastric mucosa. Rebamipide, a mucoprotective agent enhances prostaglandin (PG) synthesis. The present study was designed to clarify the mechanism for rebamipide-induced mucosal protection. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were administered 5, 15, or 50 mg/kg/day rebamipide for 14 days. The expression of constitutive cyclooxygenase (COX-1) and COX-2 in gastric mucosa was determined using Western blot analysis. Another series of rats was used to examine 1) the levels of PGE(2) in stomach with and without pretreatment with a COX-2 inhibitor; 2) the protective action of rebamipide against gastric damage caused by 0.6 N HCl; and 3) the effects of a COX-2 inhibitor on rebamipide-induced gastric mucosal protection. COX-2 expression was enhanced, whereas COX-1 expression did not change significantly in the gastric mucosa of rats after treatment with rebamipide. The gastric mucosal PGE(2) was higher in the rebamipide groups than in the vehicle-treated group. Rebamipide also suppressed gastric damage induced by HCl in a dose-dependent manner. A COX-2 inhibitor blocked the rebamipide-induced increase in mucosal PGE(2), and mucosal protection induced by rebamipide. The results indicate that rebamipide induces COX-2 expression, increases PGE(2) levels, and enhances gastric mucosal defense in a COX-2-dependent manner. Thus, COX-2 has an important role in the effects of rebamipide on gastric mucosal protection.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Yamadaoka, Suita, Japan.
authors.forename: W H
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tsuji
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tsujii
authors.forename: E S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Gunawan
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kawai
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kimura
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kakiuchi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yasumaru
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Iijima
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Okuda
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sasaki
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hori
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kawano
mesh_terms: D000409:Alanine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000494:pharmacology; D000897:Anti-Ulcer Agents / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051545:Cyclooxygenase 1; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D052246:Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D015232:Dinoprostone / Q000378:metabolism; D004347:Drug Interactions; D004790:Enzyme Induction / Q000187:drug effects; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005753:Gastric Mucosa / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism; D006851:Hydrochloric Acid; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D008297:Male; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D009578:Nitrobenzenes / Q000494:pharmacology; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D015363:Quinolones / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013276:Stomach Ulcer / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000517:prevention & control; D013449:Sulfonamides / Q000494:pharmacology; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D000897:Anti-Ulcer Agents; D052246:Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D007527:Isoenzymes; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D009578:Nitrobenzenes; D015363:Quinolones; D013449:Sulfonamides; C080955:N-(2-cyclohexyloxy-4-nitrophenyl)methanesulfonamide; D051545:Cyclooxygenase 1; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases; C496513:Ptgs1 protein, rat; D015232:Dinoprostone; C052785:rebamipide; D000409:Alanine; D006851:Hydrochloric Acid