CD3epsilon homologues in the chondrostean fish Acipenser ruthenus.
CD3epsilon is an essential component of the T-cell receptor (TCR) complex for antigen. We report here molecular cloning and characterization of cDNAs encoding the CD3epsilon homologues in sterlet (Acipenser ruthenus), a representative of primitive chondrostean fishes. Sequence analysis of the cDNA clones demonstrated unexpectedly high CD3epsilon gene heterogeneity in this species. While some cDNAs encoded proteins with the structure typical of mammalian CD3epsilon, others coded for proteins lacking the membrane-proximal half of the extracellular domain. Two cDNAs contained in-frame stop codons in the region encoding the cytoplasmic domain. Based on genomic blot analysis and RT-PCR typing of individual spleen RNAs, we suggest that sterlet may possess two highly polymorphic CD3epsilon loci, of which one can produce alternatively spliced transcripts. The structural elements shown to be functionally important in the mammalian CD3epsilon are strongly conserved in the sterlet CD3epsilon. The cytoplasmic region contains an immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif (ITAM) with YEPI and YSGL tyrosine-containing sequences that are characteristic of only this TCR subunit. The pattern of sequence conservation indicates also that strong selection pressure was imposed on a motif VYYW at the C-end of the transmembrane domain and on a CD3epsilon-specific proline-rich motif RXPPVP juxtaposed to the N-terminus of the ITAM. Weak similarity of the sterlet CD3epsilon with the chicken and Xenopus CD3gamma/delta indicates that these two TCR subunits diverged before radiation of bony fishes and tetrapods. While the role of CD3epsilon heterogeneity in sterlet remains to be elucidated, the data obtained show that the basic mechanisms of TCR signaling have ancient evolutionary origin.
Alabyev
B Y
BY
Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Novosibirsk, Russia.
Guselnikov
S V
SV
Najakshin
A M
AM
Mechetina
L V
LV
Taranin
A V
AV
D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D017252:CD3 Complex; D017124:Conserved Sequence; D017931:DNA Primers / Q000235:genetics; D018076:DNA, Complementary / Q000235:genetics; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D005399:Fishes / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology*; D020440:Gene Duplication; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011948:Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell / Q000235:genetics*; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D012689:Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid
D017252:CD3 Complex; C115335:CD3E protein, human; D017931:DNA Primers; D018076:DNA, Complementary; D011948:Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell