title: Reduction of costs of disability using neuroprostheses.
abstract: The lifetime costs associated with spinal cord injury are substantial. Assistive technology that reduces complications, increases independence, or decreases the need for attendant services can provide economic as well as medical or functional benefit. This study describes two approaches for estimating the economic consequences of implanted neuroprostheses utilizing functional electrical stimulation. Life care plan analysis was used to estimate the costs of bladder and bowel care with and without a device restoring bladder and bowel function and to compare these with the costs of implementing the device. For a neuroprosthesis restoring hand grasp, the costs of implementation were compared to the potential savings in attendant care costs that could be achieved by the use of the device. The results indicate that the costs of implementing the bladder and bowel system would be recovered in 5 years, primarily from reduced costs of supplies, medications, and procedures. The costs of the hand grasp neuroprosthesis would be recovered over the lifetime of the user if attendant time was reduced only 2 hours per day and in a shorter time if attendant care was further reduced. Neither analysis includes valuation of the quality of life, which is further enhanced by the neuroprostheses through restoration of greater independence and dignity. Our results demonstrate that implantable neuroprosthetic systems provide good health care value in addition to improved independence for the disabled individual.
authors.affiliation: Functional Electrical Stimulation Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
authors.forename: G H
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Creasey
authors.forename: K L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Kilgore
authors.forename: D L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Brown-Triolo
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Dahlberg
authors.forename: P H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Peckham
authors.forename: M W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Keith
mesh_terms: D001701:Bionics / Q000191:economics / Q000295:instrumentation*; D017281:Cost of Illness; D004558:Electric Stimulation / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D005242:Fecal Incontinence / Q000191:economics / Q000209:etiology / Q000534:rehabilitation; D006225:Hand / Q000294:innervation; D006801:Humans; D019736:Prostheses and Implants / Q000191:economics; D013119:Spinal Cord Injuries / Q000150:complications / Q000191:economics* / Q000534:rehabilitation; D014481:United States; D014549:Urinary Incontinence / Q000191:economics / Q000209:etiology / Q000534:rehabilitation