title: Effect of community-based interventions on high-risk drinking and alcohol-related injuries.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  High-risk alcohol consumption patterns, such as binge drinking and drinking before driving, and underage drinking may be linked to traffic crashes and violent assaults in community settings.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine the effect of community-based environmental interventions in reducing the rate of high-risk drinking and alcohol-related motor vehicle injuries and assaults.
  
  
  METHODS
  A longitudinal multiple time series of 3 matched intervention communities (northern California, southern California, and South Carolina) conducted from April 1992 to December 1996. Outcomes were assessed by 120 general population telephone surveys per month of randomly selected individuals in the intervention and comparison sites, traffic data on motor vehicle crashes, and emergency department surveys in 1 intervention-comparison pair and 1 additional intervention site.
  
  
  METHODS
  Mobilize the community; encourage responsible beverage service; reduce underage drinking by limiting access to alcohol; increase local enforcement of drinking and driving laws; and limit access to alcohol by using zoning.
  
  
  METHODS
  Self-reported alcohol consumption and driving after drinking; rates of alcohol-related crashes and assault injuries observed in emergency departments and admitted to hospitals.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Population surveys revealed that the self-reported amount of alcohol consumed per drinking occasion declined 6% from 1.37 to 1. 29 drinks. Self-reported rate of "having had too much to drink" declined 49% from 0.43 to 0.22 times per 6-month period. Self-reported driving when "over the legal limit" was 51% lower (0. 77 vs 0.38 times) per 6-month period in the intervention communities relative to the comparison communities. Traffic data revealed that, in the intervention vs comparison communities, nighttime injury crashes declined by 10% and crashes in which the driver had been drinking declined by 6%. Assault injuries observed in emergency departments declined by 43% in the intervention communities vs the comparison communities, and all hospitalized assault injuries declined by 2%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A coordinated, comprehensive, community-based intervention can reduce high-risk alcohol consumption and alcohol-related injuries resulting from motor vehicle crashes and assaults. JAMA. 2000;284:2341-2347.
authors.affiliation: Prevention Research Center, 2150 Shattuck Ave, Suite 900, Berkeley, CA 94704, USA. holder@prev.org
authors.forename: H D
authors.initials: HD
authors.lastname: Holder
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Gruenewald
authors.forename: W R
authors.initials: WR
authors.lastname: Ponicki
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Treno
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Grube
authors.forename: R F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Saltz
authors.forename: R B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Voas
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Reynolds
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Davis
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sanchez
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gaumont
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Roeper
mesh_terms: D000063:Accidents, Traffic / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D000435:Alcoholic Intoxication / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D002140:California / Q000453:epidemiology; D003256:Community Participation; D004335:Drug and Narcotic Control; D004632:Emergency Medical Services; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D010043:Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care; D011314:Preventive Health Services; D012307:Risk Factors; D013022:South Carolina / Q000453:epidemiology; D014754:Violence / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D014947:Wounds and Injuries / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control