title: Metabolic effects of nigrostriatal denervation in basal ganglia.
abstract: In the past, functional changes in the circuitry of the basal ganglia that occur in Parkinson's disease were primarily analyzed with electrophysiological and 2-deoxyglucose measurements. The increased activity of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) observed has been attributed to a reduction in inhibition mediated by the external segment of the globus pallidus (GPe), secondary to the loss of dopaminergic-neuron influence on D2-receptor-bearing striato-pallidal neurons. More recently, in situ hybridization studies of cytochrome oxidase subunit I have confirmed the overactivity of the STN in the parkinsonian state. In addition, this technique has provided evidence that the change in STN activity is owing not only to decreased inhibition from the GPe but to hyperactivity of excitatory inputs from the parafascicular nucleus of the thalamus and the pedunculopontine nucleus in the brainstem.
authors.affiliation: INSERM U289, Mécanismes et Conséquences de la Mort Neuronale, Hôpital de la Salpêtrière, Paris, France.
authors.forename: E C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Hirsch
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Périer
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Orieux
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: François
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Féger
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yelnik
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vila
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Levy
authors.forename: E S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Tolosa
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Marin
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Trinidad Herrero
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Obeso
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Agid
mesh_terms: D001479:Basal Ganglia / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism*; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism; D004298:Dopamine / Q000378:metabolism*; D003576:Electron Transport Complex IV / Q000378:metabolism; D005917:Globus Pallidus / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D017403:In Situ Hybridization; D008959:Models, Neurological; D009433:Neural Inhibition; D009434:Neural Pathways; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D020531:Subthalamic Nucleus / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D003576:Electron Transport Complex IV; D004298:Dopamine