title: The normal response to prolonged passive head up tilt testing.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To define the responses to head up tilt in a large group of normal adult subjects using the most widely employed protocol for tilt testing.
  
  
  METHODS
  127 normal subjects aged 19-88 years (mean (SD), 49 (20) years) without a previous history of syncope underwent tilt testing at 60 degrees for 45 minutes or until syncope intervened. Blood pressure monitoring was performed with digital photoplethysmography, providing continuous, non-invasive, beat to beat heart rate and pressure measurements.
  
  
  RESULTS
  13% of subjects developed vasovagal syncope after a mean (SD) tilt time of 31.7 (12. 4) minutes (range 8.5-44.9 minutes). Severe cardioinhibition during syncope was observed less often than is reported in patients investigated for syncope. There were no differences in the age or sex distributions of subjects with positive or negative outcomes, or in the proportions with cardioinhibitory and vasodepressor vasovagal syncope compared with previously reported patient populations. Subjects with negative outcomes showed age related differences in heart rate and blood pressure behaviour throughout tilt.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  False positive results with tilting appear to be common. This has important implications for the use of diagnostic tilt testing. The magnitude of the heart rate and blood pressure changes observed during negative tilts largely invalidates previously suggested criteria for abnormal non-syncopal outcomes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, 369 Fulham Road, London SW10 9NH, UK. drmev.peterson@virgin.net
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Petersen
authors.forename: T R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gordon
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Chamberlain-Webber
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sutton
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D005189:False Positive Reactions; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007024:Hypotension, Orthostatic / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011187:Posture / Q000502:physiology*; D012016:Reference Values; D019462:Syncope, Vasovagal / Q000503:physiopathology*; D018667:Tilt-Table Test