title: Coronary pressure measurement to assess the hemodynamic significance of serial stenoses within one coronary artery: validation in humans.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  When several stenoses are present within 1 coronary artery, the hemodynamic significance of each stenosis is influenced by the presence of the other(s), and the calculation of coronary and fractional flow reserve (CFR and FFR) for each individual stenosis is confounded. Recently, we developed and experimentally validated a method to determine the true FFR of each stenosis as it would be after the removal of the other stenosis; the true FFR can be reliably predicted by coronary pressures measured before treatment at specific locations within the coronary artery using equations accounting for stenosis interaction. The aim of the present study was to test the validity of these equations in humans.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In this study of 32 patients with 2 serial stenoses in 1 coronary artery, relevant pressures were measured before the intervention, after the treatment of 1 stenosis, and after the treatment of both stenoses. The true FFR of each stenosis (FFR(true)) was directly measured after the elimination of the other stenosis and compared with the value predicted (FFR(pred)) from the initial pressure measurements before treatment. Although the hyperemic gradient across 1 stenosis increased significantly (from 10+/-7 to 19+/-11 mm Hg after treatment of the other stenosis), FFR(pred) was close to FFR(true) in all patients (0.78+/-0.12 versus 0.78+/-0.11 mm Hg; r=0.92; Delta%=4+/-0%). Without accounting for stenosis interaction, the value of FFR for each stenosis would have been significantly overestimated (0.85+/-0.08; P:<0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Coronary pressure measurements made by a pressure wire at maximum hyperemia provide a simple, practical method for assessing the individual hemodynamic significance of multiple stenoses within the same artery.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: N H
authors.initials: NH
authors.lastname: Pijls
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: De Bruyne
authors.forename: G J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Bech
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Liistro
authors.forename: G R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Heyndrickx
authors.forename: H J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Bonnier
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Koolen
mesh_terms: D015906:Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary; D001795:Blood Pressure Determination / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006328:Cardiac Catheterization; D017023:Coronary Angiography; D003326:Coronary Circulation / Q000502:physiology*; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D003331:Coronary Vessels / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016896:Treatment Outcome