title: Influence of CCR5 promoter haplotypes on AIDS progression in African-Americans.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To test the hypothesis that the CCR5 promoter variants in HIV-1-infected African-Americans affect the rate of progression to AIDS and to determine the extent of linkage disequilibrium between the CCR5P1 allele and the CCR5 59029A variant (referred to here as CCR5-2459A), both of which have been shown independently to accelerate AIDS progression in Caucasians.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used survival analysis to assess the effects of CCR5 promoter variants in HIV-1 seroincident Caucasians and African-Americans.
  
  
  METHODS
  Genotypes were determined for 806 Caucasians and 1067 African-Americans, which included 700 seroconverters, enrolled in four HIV/AIDS natural history cohort studies. These genotypes were used to determine linkage and haplotypes for CCR2 and CCR5 alleles. Survival analysis was used to assess the effect of CCR2, CCR5, and CCR5 promoter haplotypes on progression to AIDS in seroincident African-Americans.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A survey of Caucasians and African-Americans demonstrated complete linkage disequilibrium between CCR5P1 and CCR5-2459A sites. The composite CCR5P1 haplotype (including the CCR5-2459A allele) is shown to be associated with rapid progression to AIDS endpoints in both African-American and Caucasian cohorts, but the effect is recessive in Caucasians and dominant in African-Americans. This is probably due to the presence of modulating genes or as yet unidentified polymorphisms that may differ between racial groups.
authors.affiliation: Intramural Research Support Program, SAIC Frederick, National Cancer Institute-Frederick Cancer Research and Development Center, Maryland 21702-1201, USA.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: An
authors.forename: M P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.forename: G W
authors.initials: GW
authors.lastname: Nelson
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Carrington
authors.forename: M W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Gong
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Vlahov
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: O'Brien
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Winkler
mesh_terms: D000163:Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D000483:Alleles; D044383:Black People / Q000235:genetics*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D018450:Disease Progression; D005799:Genes, Dominant; D005808:Genes, Recessive; D006239:Haplotypes; D006801:Humans; D015810:Linkage Disequilibrium; D008297:Male; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D019713:Receptors, CCR5 / Q000235:genetics*; D044465:White People / Q000235:genetics; D001741:Black or African American
chemical_list: D019713:Receptors, CCR5