title: The "forgotten" cross-tolerance between phenobarbital and primidone: it can prevent acute primidone-related toxicity.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We report on the effect that pretreating patients with phenobarbital has on averting adverse events when primidone is introduced.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty patients with intractable partial epilepsy were pretreated with phenobarbital before starting primidone. Therapy with primidone was started at a dosage of 500 mg/day, and the phenobarbital was stopped. The primidone dose was then increased by 125 to 250 mg every 3 weeks until adverse events or a seizure-free state was reached. All previous antiepileptic medications were tapered down to yield a primidone monotherapy regimen.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-six patients (87%) tolerated the introduction of primidone with minimal or no adverse events. Only one patient had to discontinue primidone during the initial 4 weeks because of severe dizziness. This was the only patient in whom primidone monotherapy could not be reached because of adverse events. Three other patients experienced dizziness severe enough to interfere with their activities. This symptom disappeared in two patients after the dose was lowered; in the other patient, primidone was stopped and phenobarbital was restarted for another 4 days. No symptoms recurred when primidone was reintroduced on the fifth day.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pretreatment with phenobarbital can minimize the occurrence of intolerable adverse events associated with the introduction of primidone.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush Medical College, Rush Epilepsy Center and Rush-Presbyterian Saint Luke's Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois 60612, USA. akanner@rush.edu
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Kanner
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Parra
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Frey
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000553:Ambulatory Care; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004244:Dizziness / Q000139:chemically induced; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D004361:Drug Tolerance; D004828:Epilepsies, Partial / Q000188:drug therapy*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006760:Hospitalization; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010634:Phenobarbital / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011292:Premedication; D011324:Primidone / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D011324:Primidone; D010634:Phenobarbital