title: Immunocytochemical localization of glutamate receptor subunits in the brain stem and cerebellum of the turtle Chrysemys picta.
abstract: The regional distribution of ionotropic (AMPA and NMDA) and metabotropic (mGluR1alpha) glutamate receptor subunits was examined in the brain stem and cerebellum of the pond turtle, Chrysemys picta, by using immunocytochemistry and light microscopy. Subunit-specific antibodies that recognize NMDAR1, GluR1, GluR4, and mGluR1alpha were used to identify immunoreactive nuclei in the brain stem and cerebellum. Considerable immunoreactivity in the turtle brain stem and cerebellum was observed with regional differences occurring primarily in the intensity of staining with the antibodies. The red nucleus, lateral reticular nucleus and cerebellum labeled intensely for NMDAR1 and moderately for GluR1. The cerebellum also labeled strongly for mGluR1alpha. All of the cranial nerve nuclei labeled intensely for NMDAR1 and to varying degrees for GluR1, GluR4, and mGluR1alpha. Counterstaining revealed the presence of neuronal somata where there were no immunoreactive neurons in individual nuclei. This finding suggests that there are subpopulations of immunoreactive neurons within a given nucleus that bear different glutamate receptor subunit compositions. The results suggest that the glutamate receptor subunit distribution in the brain stem and cerebellum of turtles is similar to that reported for rats. Additionally, there is considerable colocalization of NMDA and AMPA receptors as revealed by light microscopy. These results have implications for the organization of neural circuits that control motor behavior in turtles, and, generally, for the function of brain stem and cerebellar neural circuits in vertebrates.
authors.affiliation: Neuroscience Group, Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences, University of South Dakota School of Medicine, Vermillion, SD 57069, USA. jkeifer@usd.edu
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Keifer
authors.forename: M T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Carr
mesh_terms: D000010:Abducens Nerve / Q000737:chemistry / Q000166:cytology; D000818:Animals; D001933:Brain Stem / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000166:cytology; D002531:Cerebellum / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000166:cytology; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D009434:Neural Pathways; D009474:Neurons / Q000737:chemistry; D051381:Rats; D018091:Receptors, AMPA / Q000032:analysis*; D018094:Receptors, Metabotropic Glutamate / Q000032:analysis; D016194:Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate / Q000032:analysis*; D012012:Red Nucleus / Q000737:chemistry / Q000166:cytology; D014426:Turtles / Q000033:anatomy & histology*
chemical_list: D018091:Receptors, AMPA; D018094:Receptors, Metabotropic Glutamate; D016194:Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; C104724:glutamate receptor ionotropic, AMPA 4; C104077:metabotropic glutamate receptor type 1