title: Calcium phosphate nanoparticle adjuvant.
abstract: Vaccination to protect against human infectious diseases may be enhanced by using adjuvants that can selectively stimulate immunoregulatory responses. In a murine model, a novel nanoparticulate adjuvant composed of calcium phosphate (CAP) was compared with the commonly used aluminum (alum) adjuvants for its ability to induce immunity to herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infections. Results indicated that CAP was more potent as an adjuvant than alum, elicited little or no inflammation at the site of administration, induced high titers of immunoglobulin G2a (IgG2a) antibody and neutralizing antibody, and facilitated a high percentage of protection against HSV-2 infection. Additional benefits of CAP include (i) an insignificant IgE response, which is an important advantage over injection of alum compounds, and (ii) the fact that CAP is a natural constituent of the human body. Thus, CAP is very well tolerated and absorbed. These studies were performed with animal models. By virtue of the potency of this CAP adjuvant and the relative absence of side effects, we believe that this new CAP formulation has great potential for use as an adjuvant in humans.
authors.affiliation: BioSante Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Smyrna, Georgia 30082, USA. biosante@bellsouth.net
authors.forename: Q
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Mitchell
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wagner-Bartak
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Morcol
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Bell
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000633:toxicity; D000534:Alum Compounds / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000818:Animals; D002130:Calcium Phosphates / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000633:toxicity; D020031:Epstein-Barr Virus Infections / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control; D005260:Female; D006168:Guinea Pigs; D006558:Herpes Genitalis / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control; D018258:Herpesvirus 2, Human / Q000276:immunology; D004854:Herpesvirus 4, Human / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007073:Immunoglobulin E / Q000096:biosynthesis; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000096:biosynthesis; D007249:Inflammation / Q000209:etiology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D009500:Neutralization Tests; D014765:Viral Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D000534:Alum Compounds; D002130:Calcium Phosphates; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D014765:Viral Vaccines; C485828:alpha-tricalcium phosphate; C485830:tetracalcium phosphate; C041524:aluminum sulfate; D007073:Immunoglobulin E; C485838:calcium phosphate, monobasic, anhydrous; C020243:calcium phosphate; C485829:calcium phosphate, dibasic, anhydrous