title: The functional demands on the intact limb during walking for active trans-femoral and trans-tibial amputees.
abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate the loading demands placed on the intact limb in terms of joint moments and power for active trans-femoral and trans-tibial amputees in comparison to a group of able-bodied subjects. Four (4) trans-tibial, 4 trans-femoral amputees and 10 able-bodied subjects walked at 1.2m.s(-1) along a walkway whilst kinematic data from both the intact and prosthetic limbs, and kinetic data from the intact limb only were collected. A Panasonic VHS video camera was used to film subjects walking in the sagittal plane with simultaneous force data collected from a Kistler force platform. The amputees were found to compensate for the functional loss of one or more joints by increasing net joint moments and power output on their intact limb compared to able-bodied subjects. At the intact limb ankle, the range of motion, peak dorsiflexor moment and power generation at toe-off increased. At the intact limb knee, power generation during stance and extensor moments and power absorption at toe-off increased. At the intact limb hip, extensor moment and power absorption during stance, and hip flexor moment and power generation at toe-off increased. These findings were partly attributed to the prostheses used but mainly to adaptation mechanisms displayed by trans-femoral and trans-tibial amputees. They have implications for the mobility of amputees and the long term health of their joints. It was recommended that prosthesis design, prosthesis fitting and training in the use of the prosthesis were all factors which could be investigated with a view to minimising intact limb loading.
authors.affiliation: Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Science, Liverpool John Moores University, UK.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Nolan
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lees
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000671:Amputation, Surgical / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001186:Artificial Limbs; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D005260:Female; D005269:Femur / Q000601:surgery; D005684:Gait / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007719:Knee Joint / Q000502:physiology; D007866:Leg; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular; D012016:Reference Values; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D013977:Tibia / Q000601:surgery; D016474:Weight-Bearing / Q000502:physiology*