title: Reproducible echocardiography in juvenile sheep and its application in the evaluation of a pulmonary valve homograft implant.
abstract: Increased use of the ovine animal model in cardiovascular surgical research has created a salient need for standardized echocardiography techniques. To demonstrate a reproducible image in this species and confirm the validity of echocardiography as a diagnostic tool, we implanted 10 sheep with a pulmonary valve homograft and monitored them through weekly echocardiographic examinations until 20 weeks after implantation. We obtained good images from the left cranial and the left caudal transducer windows without needing to sedate the animals. Sedated sheep yielded adequate views from the right apical window. Echocardiographic data on the implanted homografts (including functional capacity, presence of calcification, and hemodynamic information and measurements), completely agreed with the results of the post-explantation examinations.
authors.affiliation: Collis Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, USA.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Maish
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cohen
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Fitzpatrick
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Bert
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Harper
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Fang
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hoffman-Kim
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Hopkins
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D018618:Echocardiography, Doppler, Color / Q000662:veterinary*; D005260:Female; D019918:Heart Valve Prosthesis Implantation / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary*; D008297:Male; D011664:Pulmonary Valve / Q000502:physiology / Q000601:surgery*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012756:Sheep / Q000502:physiology / Q000601:surgery*