title: Hepatitis C virus core protein activates the MAPK/ERK cascade synergistically with tumor promoter TPA, but not with epidermal growth factor or transforming growth factor alpha.
abstract: Persistent hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is associated with the development of human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), although the mechanism of HCV-related hepatocarcinogenesis remains unclear. Recently, however, the close relationships between the development of HCC and the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK) cascade have been described. In the present study, we investigated the effects of HCV core protein on this MAPK/ERK cascade. HCV core protein significantly activated the MAPK/ERK cascade, including Elk1. We also examined whether HCV core protein acted synergistically along with hepatocyte mitogen-mediated MAPK/ERK activation. Interestingly, Elk-1 activities were further enhanced by the tumor promoter, 12-O-tetradecanoyl phorbol 13-acetate (TPA), but not by hepatocyte mitogens (epidermal growth factor [EGF] and transforming growth factor alpha [TGF-alpha]) in NIH3T3 cells and HepG2 cells expressing HCV core protein. Moreover, the MAPK/ERK activation by HCV core protein was blocked in the presence of the specific MEK1 inhibitor, PD98059. These results indicate that ERK activation by HCV core protein may be independent of hepatocyte mitogen-mediated signaling but synergistic with TPA, and HCV core protein may function at MEK1 or farther upstream of that component.
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Pathology, Cancer Institute, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hayashi
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Aoki
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kajino
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Moriyama
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Arakawa
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Hino
mesh_terms: D016475:3T3 Cells; D000818:Animals; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D004357:Drug Synergism; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000502:physiology; D004815:Epidermal Growth Factor / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016174:Hepacivirus / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D048369:MAP Kinase Kinase 1; D051379:Mice; D020929:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000502:physiology; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014157:Transcription Factors; D016211:Transforming Growth Factor alpha / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D014758:Viral Core Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D050807:ets-Domain Protein Elk-1
chemical_list: D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; C494112:ELK1 protein, human; C494113:Elk1 protein, mouse; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors; D016211:Transforming Growth Factor alpha; D014758:Viral Core Proteins; D050807:ets-Domain Protein Elk-1; D004815:Epidermal Growth Factor; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D048369:MAP Kinase Kinase 1; C482125:MAP2K1 protein, human; C482127:Map2k1 protein, mouse; D020929:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate