title: Spatial associations among density of cattle, abundance of wild canids, and seroprevalence to Neospora caninum in a population of beef calves.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the epidemiologic plausibility of a sylvatic transmission cycle for Neospora caninum between wild canids and beef cattle.
  
  
  METHODS
  Spatial analysis study.
  
  
  METHODS
  1,009 weaned beef steers from 94 beef herds in Texas.
  
  
  METHODS
  Calves were grouped on the basis of seroprevalence for N caninum and ecologic region in Texas. The Morans I test was used to evaluate spatial interdependence for adjusted seroprevalence by ecologic region. Cattle density (Number of cattle/259 km2 [Number of cattle/100 mile2] of each ecologic region) and abundance indices for gray foxes and coyotes (Number of animals/161 spotlight-transect [census] km [Number of animals/100 census miles] of each ecologic region) were used as covariates in spatial regression models, with adjusted seroprevalence as the outcome variable. A geographic information system (GIS) that used similar covariate information for each county was used to validate spatial regression models. Results-Spatial interdependence was not detected for ecologic regions. Three spatial regression models were tested. Each model contained a variable for cattle density for the ecologic regions. Results for the 3 models revealed that seroprevalence was associated with cattle density and abundances of gray foxes, coyotes, or both. Abundances of gray foxes and coyotes were collinear. Results of a GIS-generated model validated these spatial models.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In Texas, beef cattle are at increased risk of exposure to N caninum as a result of the abundance of wild canids and the density of beef cattle. It is plausible that a sylvatic transmission cycle for neosporosis exists.
authors.affiliation: Department of Large Animal Medicine and Surgery, Texas A&M University, College Station 77843, USA.
authors.forename: K S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Barling
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sherman
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Peterson
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Thompson
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: McNeill
authors.forename: T M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Craig
authors.forename: L G
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Adams
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002335:Carnivora / Q000469:parasitology*; D002417:Cattle; D002418:Cattle Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000469:parasitology* / Q000635:transmission; D003048:Coccidiosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000635:transmission / Q000662:veterinary*; D004777:Environment; D005260:Female; D005589:Foxes / Q000469:parasitology*; D008297:Male; D008954:Models, Biological; D018688:Neospora / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D012044:Regression Analysis; D016036:Seroepidemiologic Studies; D013781:Texas / Q000453:epidemiology