title: Effect of dopexamine on outcome after major abdominal surgery: a prospective, randomized, controlled multicenter study. European Multicenter Study Group on Dopexamine in Major Abdominal Surgery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To test the hypothesis that dopexamine reduces postoperative mortality and morbidity in high-risk, major abdominal surgery patients, when given to fluid-resuscitated patients starting before the operation and continued for 24 hrs after surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective, randomized, controlled, double-blind multicenter trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  Intensive care units in 13 hospitals from six European countries.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 412 patients with predefined high-risk criteria, undergoing major abdominal surgery with an expected duration of at least 1.5 hrs.
  
  
  METHODS
  The patients received placebo (n = 140), dopexamine at 0.5 microg/kg/min (n = 135), or dopexamine at 2.0 microg/kg/ min (n = 137) starting after preoperative hemodynamic stabilization and continued for 24 hrs after surgery.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The primary outcome variable was mortality at 28 days. Analysis was by intention to treat. Dopexamine had no effect on mortality (at 28 days, 13%, 7%, and 15%, for the groups receiving placebo, dopexamine at 0.5 microg/kg/ min, and dopexamine at 2.0 microg/kg/min, respectively), despite the expected dose-dependent hemodynamic responses. No effect was observed on the occurrence of organ dysfunction, duration of intensive care unit stay, or length of hospital stay.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We conclude that dopexamine in doses that result in increased cardiac output and oxygen delivery after preoperative stabilization with fluids does not improve outcome after major abdominal surgery compared with fluids alone. Based on post hoc subgroup analysis and stratification according to the number of risk factors, we suggest that the concept should be further tested in patients at higher risk of complications or undergoing emergency surgery.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Kuopio University Hospital. jukka.takala@insel.ch
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Takala
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Meier-Hellmann
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Eddleston
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hulstaert
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Sramek
mesh_terms: D000318:Adrenergic beta-Agonists / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000368:Aged; D004298:Dopamine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D005440:Fluid Therapy / Q000379:methods; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D007813:Laparotomy / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000401:mortality*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009017:Morbidity; D019990:Perioperative Care / Q000379:methods; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012151:Resuscitation / Q000379:methods; D012307:Risk Factors; D016019:Survival Analysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014665:Vasodilator Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D000318:Adrenergic beta-Agonists; D014665:Vasodilator Agents; C046318:dopexamine; D004298:Dopamine