title: p38 MAP kinase regulates IL-1 beta responses in cultured airway smooth muscle cells.
abstract: We have previously reported that interleukin (IL)-1 beta causes beta-adrenergic hyporesponsiveness in cultured human airway smooth muscle (HASM) cells by increasing cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 expression. The purpose of this study was to determine whether p38 mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase is involved in these events. IL-1 beta (2 ng/ml for 15 min) increased p38 phosphorylation fourfold. The p38 inhibitor SB-203580 (3 microM) decreased IL-1 beta-induced COX-2 by 70 +/- 7% (P < 0.01). SB-203580 had no effect on PGE(2) release in control cells but caused a significant (70-80%) reduction in PGE(2) release in IL-1 beta-treated cells. IL-1 beta increased the binding of nuclear proteins to the oligonucleotides encoding the consensus sequences for activator protein (AP)-1 and nuclear factor (NF)-kappa B, but SB-203580 did not affect this binding, suggesting that the mechanism of action of p38 was not through AP-1 or NF-kappa B activation. The NF-kappa B inhibitor MG-132 did not alter IL-1 beta-induced COX-2 expression, indicating that NF-kappa B activation is not required for IL-1 beta-induced COX-2 expression in HASM cells. IL-1 beta attenuated isoproterenol-induced decreases in HASM stiffness as measured by magnetic twisting cytometry, and SB-203580 abolished this effect. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that p38 is involved in the signal transduction pathway through which IL-1 beta induces COX-2 expression, PGE(2) release, and beta-adrenergic hyporesponsiveness.
authors.affiliation: Physiology Program, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Laporte
authors.forename: P E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Moore
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Lahiri
authors.forename: I N
authors.initials: IN
authors.lastname: Schwartzman
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Panettieri
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Shore
mesh_terms: D003994:Bucladesine / Q000494:pharmacology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D015232:Dinoprostone / Q000378:metabolism; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000378:metabolism; D007545:Isoproterenol / Q000494:pharmacology; D007976:Leupeptins / Q000494:pharmacology; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D010766:Phosphorylation; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases / Q000378:metabolism; D011725:Pyridines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018808:Transcription Factor AP-1 / Q000378:metabolism; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases
chemical_list: D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D007093:Imidazoles; D007375:Interleukin-1; D007527:Isoenzymes; D007976:Leupeptins; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D016328:NF-kappa B; D011725:Pyridines; D018808:Transcription Factor AP-1; D003994:Bucladesine; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; C496540:PTGS2 protein, human; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D015232:Dinoprostone; D007545:Isoproterenol; C093642:SB 203580; C072553:benzyloxycarbonylleucyl-leucyl-leucine aldehyde