title: Surveillance of anti-tuberculosis drug resistance: results of the 1998/1999 proficiency testing in Italy. SMIRA (Italian Multicentre Study on Antituberculosis Drug Resistance) Study Group.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the accuracy of drug-susceptibility testing (DST) for isoniazid, rifampicin, ethambutol and streptomycin in a provisional network of 22 regional laboratories in Italy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Methods, definitions and reference Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains were derived from the WHO/IUATLD Global Project on Anti-tuberculosis Drug Resistance Surveillance. The laboratories were selected based on technical skills required by the project, the number of DST performed annually and geographic localisation. The results (sensitive/resistant strain) were compared with the gold standard (global project results). Sensitivity (ability to detect true resistance), specificity (ability to detect true susceptibility), positive predictive values for resistance and susceptibility, efficiency and reproducibility were calculated in two rounds.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eighteen of 22 laboratories completed the first round of proficiency testing for the four drugs. Sensitivity was 76.6%, specificity 97.2%, predictive value of a resistant test 89.8% and of a susceptible test 86.8%, efficiency 87.8% and reproducibility 92.8%. A second round was performed by all those laboratories that did not achieve > or = 90% agreement with the results of the Global Project. Overall, after the second round, all the parameters except specificity improved, exceeding 90%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A network of 15 regional laboratories that fulfil the quality criteria for determining the susceptibility of M. tuberculosis to the four primary antituberculosis drugs was established in Italy.
authors.affiliation: Fondazione S. Maugeri, Clinica del Lavoro e della Riabilitazione, Care and Research Institute, Tradate, Italy. gbmigliori@fsm.it
authors.forename: G B
authors.initials: GB
authors.lastname: Migliori
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ambrosetti
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Fattorini
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Penati
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Vaccarino
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Besozzi
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ortona
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Saltini
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Orefici
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Moro
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lona
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cassone
mesh_terms: D000995:Antitubercular Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D007558:Italy; D007753:Laboratories / Q000592:standards; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests / Q000592:standards*; D009169:Mycobacterium tuberculosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D011159:Population Surveillance; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
chemical_list: D000995:Antitubercular Agents