title: Lysophosphatidic acid prevents apoptosis in fibroblasts via G(i)-protein-mediated activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase.
abstract: Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is a naturally occurring phospholipid with multiple biological functions. In the present study, we demonstrate that, besides its mitogenic activity, LPA is a potent survival factor, preventing serum-deprivation-induced apoptosis in fibroblasts and other cell types. Both the proliferative effect and survival activity of LPA are sensitive to the action of pertussis toxin (PTX), indicating that both processes are mediated by G(i) protein(s). We therefore focused on the role of G(i)-protein-mediated signalling events in the promotion of cell survival by LPA. In addition to activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), LPA stimulates a modest PTX-sensitive phosphorylation/activation of the serine/threonine kinase Akt, a survival mediator downstream of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K). Inhibition of PI3K with LY 294002 or wortmannin resulted in a marked inhibition of LPA-induced DNA synthesis, and yet the survival activity of LPA decreased by only 20-30%, suggesting a limited input of the PI3K-Akt cascade in LPA-induced cell survival. In contrast, inhibition of MAPK activation by the MEK-1 inhibitor, PD 98059, blocked both the proliferative and survival effects of LPA. These results indicate that LPA promotes cell survival largely via G(i)-protein-mediated activation of ERK1/ERK2, or other PD 98059-sensitive member(s) of the MAPK family.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Therapeutics, The University of Texas, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Box 317, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Fang
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: LaPushin
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Furui
authors.forename: L Z
authors.initials: LZ
authors.lastname: Penn
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Stokoe
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Erickson
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Bast
authors.forename: G B
authors.initials: GB
authors.lastname: Mills
mesh_terms: D016475:3T3 Cells; D000730:Androstadienes / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D002460:Cell Line; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002867:Chromones / Q000494:pharmacology; D004261:DNA Replication / Q000187:drug effects; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D019204:GTP-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D019169:Jurkat Cells; D008246:Lysophospholipids / Q000502:physiology*; D020935:MAP Kinase Signaling System; D051379:Mice; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D009025:Morpholines / Q000494:pharmacology; D037342:Pertussis Toxin; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D010726:Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000187:drug effects; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D051381:Rats; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013997:Time Factors; D010566:Virulence Factors, Bordetella / Q000494:pharmacology; D000077191:Wortmannin
chemical_list: D000730:Androstadienes; D002867:Chromones; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D019204:GTP-Binding Proteins; D008246:Lysophospholipids; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D009025:Morpholines; D037342:Pertussis Toxin; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; D010726:Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D010566:Virulence Factors, Bordetella; D000077191:Wortmannin; C085911:2-(4-morpholinyl)-8-phenyl-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one; C494918:AKT1 protein, human; C494920:Akt1 protein, rat