title: Side effects of endocrine treatment and their mechanisms: castration, antiandrogens, and estrogens.
abstract: Endocrine treatment of prostate cancer can be performed under several different regimes. They all have side effects which in different ways influence quality of life and the patient's general health. This paper is a survey of the most important early side effects of the different modes of endocrine treatment, their etiology, and possible ways to avoid or treat them.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Karolinska Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: P O
authors.initials: PO
authors.lastname: Hedlund
mesh_terms: D000726:Androgen Antagonists / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000740:Anemia / Q000139:chemically induced; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced; D004967:Estrogens / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005483:Flushing / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000209:etiology; D005767:Gastrointestinal Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced; D006177:Gynecomastia / Q000139:chemically induced; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009919:Orchiectomy / Q000009:adverse effects*; D014666:Vasomotor System / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000726:Androgen Antagonists; D004967:Estrogens