title: Factors predictive of outcome after surgery for faecal incontinence.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Surgical treatment of faecal incontinence may be categorized into procedures that either repair or augment the native sphincter mechanism or, alternatively, require construction of a neosphincter using either autologous tissue or an artificial device.
  
  
  METHODS
  This article reviews the currently available surgical options for the treatment of faecal incontinence, discusses factors predictive of outcome, and includes an algorithm for treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Procedures such as postanal repair, direct sphincter repair and reefing are seldom used. Overlapping repair has become the operation of choice in incontinent patients with isolated anterior defects in the external anal sphincter muscle, particularly in postobstetric trauma. Pudendal neuropathy seems to be a predictive factor of success, although this is not universally accepted. Total pelvic floor repair has been offered as a recent alternative. Neosphincter procedures include a gluteoplasty, non-stimulated and stimulated unilateral or bilateral graciloplasty and artificial bowel sphincter. The success and morbidity rates with the stimulated graciloplasty and artificial bowel sphincter appear similar. The newest alternative, sacral nerve stimulation, seems promising. In the final analysis, case selection and surgical judgement are probably the most important factors influencing the success of surgery for faecal incontinence. Presented as the Edinburgh Royal College of Surgeons invited lecture to the Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland, Southport, UK, June 1999
authors.affiliation: Department of Colorectal Surgery, Cleveland Clinic Florida, 3000 West Cypress Creek Road, Fort Lauderdale, Florida 33309, USA.
authors.forename: M K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Baig
authors.forename: S D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Wexner
mesh_terms: D001003:Anal Canal / Q000293:injuries / Q000294:innervation / Q000601:surgery; D001004:Anus Diseases / Q000601:surgery*; D003107:Colorectal Surgery / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D005242:Fecal Incontinence / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000637:transplantation; D007744:Obstetric Labor Complications / Q000601:surgery; D017773:Pelvic Floor; D011247:Pregnancy; D016896:Treatment Outcome