title: Modulation of calcium channels by group I and group II metabotropic glutamate receptors in dentate gyrus neurons from patients with temporal lobe epilepsy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) might be promising new drug targets for the treatment of epilepsy because the expression of certain mGluRs is regulated in epilepsy and because activation of mGluRs results in distinctive anti- and proconvulsant effects. Therefore, we examined how mGluR activation modulates high-voltage-activated (HVA) Ca2+ channels.
  
  
  METHODS
  Whole-cell patch-clamp recordings were obtained from granule cells and interneuron-like cells acutely isolated from the dentate gyrus of patients with pharmacoresistent temporal lobe epilepsy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Agonists selective for either group I or group II mGluRs rapidly and reversibly reduced HVA currents in most dentate gyrus cells. These modulatory effects were inhibited by the respective group I and group II mGluR antagonists. The specific Ca2+ channel antagonists nifedipine and omega-conotoxin GVIA potently occluded the effects of group I and II mGluR agonists, respectively, indicating that group I mGluRs acted on L-type channels and group II mGluRs affected N-type channels. About two thirds of the responsive neurons were sensitive either to group I or group II mGluRs, whereas a minority of cells showed effects to agonists of both groups, indicating a variable mGluR expression pattern.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Group I and group II mGluRs are expressed in human dentate gyrus neurons and modulate L- and N-type HVA channels, respectively. The data shed light on the possible cellular sequelae of the mGluR1 upregulation observed in human epileptic dentate gyrus as well as on possible mGluR-mediated anticonvulsant mechanisms.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, University of Bonn, Germany.
authors.forename: T B
authors.initials: TB
authors.lastname: Schumacher
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Beck
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Steffens
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Blümcke
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Schramm
authors.forename: C E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Elger
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Steinhäuser
mesh_terms: D000927:Anticonvulsants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018891:Dentate Gyrus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D004833:Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D009474:Neurons / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D009543:Nifedipine / Q000494:pharmacology; D018408:Patch-Clamp Techniques; D018094:Receptors, Metabotropic Glutamate / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D020866:omega-Conotoxin GVIA / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000927:Anticonvulsants; D018094:Receptors, Metabotropic Glutamate; D020866:omega-Conotoxin GVIA; D009543:Nifedipine