title: Cognitive decline is associated with systemic oxidative stress: the EVA study. Etude du Vieillissement Artériel.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether systemic oxidative stress status is associated with cognitive decline.
  
  
  METHODS
  A longitudinal population-based study.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cohort study of older subjects in Nantes, France.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 1166 high cognitive functioning subjects aged 60 to 70 in the Etude du Vieillissement Arteriel (EVA) cohort with a 4 year follow-up.
  
  
  METHODS
  Subjects completed a baseline interview and a global cognitive test (Mini-Mental Status Examination (MMSE)). Blood samples were obtained at baseline to determine plasma levels of selenium, carotenoids, thiobarbituric acid reactant substances (TBARS), an indicator of lipoperoxidation, and red blood cell vitamin E. Risk of cognitive decline, defined as a loss of 3 points in MMSE score between baseline and the 4 year follow-up, was assessed by oxidative stress level.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Subjects with the highest levels of TBARS show an increased risk of cognitive decline (adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 2.25; confidence interval (CI) 95% = 1.26-4.02). This result is reinforced in the lower antioxidant status subgroup. Subjects with low levels of selenium have an increased risk of cognitive decline (OR = 1.58; CI 95% = 1.08-2.31) after adjustment for various confounding factors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that increased levels of oxidative stress and/or antioxidant deficiencies may pose risk factors for cognitive decline. The direct implication of oxidative stress in vascular and neurodegenerative mechanisms that lead to cognitive impairment should be further explored.
authors.affiliation: INSERM U360 Recherches epidémiologiques en neurologie et psychopathologie, Hôpital de la Salpêtrière, Paris, France.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Berr
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Balansard
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Arnaud
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Roussel
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Alpérovitch
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000375:Aging / Q000378:metabolism*; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002338:Carotenoids / Q000097:blood; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000737:chemistry; D005260:Female; D005602:France; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008609:Mental Status Schedule; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D012307:Risk Factors; D012643:Selenium / Q000097:blood / Q000172:deficiency; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances / Q000378:metabolism; D014810:Vitamin E / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D015415:Biomarkers; D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances; D014810:Vitamin E; D002338:Carotenoids; D012643:Selenium