title: Quantitative analysis of estrogen receptor-alpha and -beta messenger RNA expression in breast carcinoma by real-time polymerase chain reaction.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Estrogen action is mediated not only through a classic estrogen receptor (ER) (ER-alpha) but also through a second ER (ER-beta) that has a structure and function similar to ER-alpha. A correlation between ER-beta mRNA expression with ER and progesterone receptor (PR) protein levels as well as prognostic factors remains to be established in breast carcinoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  The authors conducted a quantitative analysis of ER-alpha and ER-beta mRNA expression in 116 breast tumors using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and investigated a possible correlation between ER-alpha and ER-beta mRNA expression and ER and PR status as determined by enzyme immunoassay as well as with various prognostic factors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  ER-alpha mRNA levels were significantly (P < 0.01) higher in ER positive compared with ER negative tumors. Conversely, ER-beta mRNA levels were significantly (P < 0.01) lower in ER positive compared with ER negative tumors. Accordingly, the ratio of ER-beta to ER-alpha was significantly (P < 0.01) higher in ER negative compared with ER positive tumors. A subset analysis based on ER and PR status showed that ER-beta mRNA levels as well as the ratios of ER-beta to ER-alpha mRNA level were highest in ER negative and PR negative tumors (P < 0.05). ER-alpha mRNA levels were significantly (P < 0.05) higher in postmenopausal compared with premenopausal tumors. Histologic Grade 3 tumors showed a significant decrease in ER-alpha mRNA levels compared with Grade 1 and 2 tumors (P < 0.01 and P < 0.05, respectively). No significant correlation between ER-alpha and ER-beta mRNA levels and histologic type, tumor size, or lymph node status was observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  An absolute and relative increase in ER-beta mRNA levels in ER negative and PR negative breast tumors, which rarely respond to endocrine therapy, suggests the possible involvement of up-regulation of ER-beta mRNA in the development of estrogen-independent tumors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgical Oncology, Osaka University Medical School, Osaka, Japan.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Iwao
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Miyoshi
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Egawa
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ikeda
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Tsukamoto
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Noguchi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D017931:DNA Primers; D047628:Estrogen Receptor alpha; D047629:Estrogen Receptor beta; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008875:Middle Aged; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods; D011379:Prognosis; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis*; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics*; D011980:Receptors, Progesterone / Q000032:analysis; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D017931:DNA Primers; D047628:Estrogen Receptor alpha; D047629:Estrogen Receptor beta; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen; D011980:Receptors, Progesterone