title: Vascular endothelial growth factor KDR receptor signaling potentiates tumor necrosis factor-induced tissue factor expression in endothelial cells.
abstract: Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) have been shown to synergistically increase tissue factor (TF) expression in endothelial cells; however, the role of the VEGF receptors (KDR, Flt-1, and neuropilin) in this process is unclear. Here we report that VEGF binding to the KDR receptor is necessary and sufficient for the potentiation of TNF-induced TF expression in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. TF expression was evaluated by Western blot analysis and fluorescence-activated cell sorting. In the absence of TNF-alpha, wild-type VEGF- or KDR receptor-selective variants induced an approximate 7-fold increase in total TF expression. Treatment with TNF alone produced an approximate 110-fold increase in total TF expression, whereas coincubation of TNF-alpha with wild-type VEGF- or KDR-selective variants resulted in an approximate 250-fold increase in TF expression. VEGF lacking the heparin binding domain was also able to potentiate TF expression, indicating that heparin-sulfate proteoglycan or neuropilin binding is not required for TF up-regulation. Neither placental growth factor nor an Flt-1-selective variant was capable of inducing TF expression in the presence or absence of TNF. Inhibition of protein-tyrosine kinase or protein kinase C activity significantly blocked the TNF/VEGF potentiation of TF up-regulation, whereas phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate, a protein kinase C activator, increased TF expression. These data demonstrate that KDR receptor signaling governs both VEGF-induced TF expression and the potentiation of TNF-induced up-regulation of TF.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacokinetics and Metabolism, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA.
authors.forename: B Q
authors.initials: BQ
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.forename: D Y
authors.initials: DY
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: K M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Cortopassi
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Damico
authors.forename: T F
authors.initials: TF
authors.lastname: Zioncheck
mesh_terms: D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004357:Drug Synergism; D016228:Endothelial Growth Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D019833:Genistein / Q000494:pharmacology; D006133:Growth Substances / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D008222:Lymphokines / Q000235:genetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009154:Mutation; D011493:Protein Kinase C / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D020794:Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D017978:Receptors, Growth Factor / Q000378:metabolism*; D040262:Receptors, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor; D015398:Signal Transduction; D019311:Staurosporine / Q000494:pharmacology; D013925:Thromboplastin / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015854:Up-Regulation; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D040281:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-1; D042442:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors
chemical_list: D016228:Endothelial Growth Factors; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D006133:Growth Substances; D008222:Lymphokines; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D017978:Receptors, Growth Factor; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D042442:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors; D013925:Thromboplastin; D019833:Genistein; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; D020794:Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; D040262:Receptors, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor; D040281:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-1; D011493:Protein Kinase C; D019311:Staurosporine