title: Apoptosis occurs in a new model of thermal brain injury.
abstract: Apoptosis has been implicated recently as a prominent response of the brain to a variety of insults, such as ischemia and trauma. In this study, we demonstrate that apoptosis is a prominent part of the brain's response to a thermal insult. To examine the brain's response to a thermal insult, a new model of thermal brain injury in the laboratory rat was developed. Water heated to 60 degrees C was passed over an area of thinned calvarium for 1 min. This resulted in an actual brain temperature of 47-48 degrees C. A uniform area of 2,3,5-triphenyl-tetrazolium chloride pallor was demonstrated and pyknotic neurons were seen in the area of injury by hematoxylin-eosin staining. Apoptosis was demonstrated by the characteristic DNA fragmentation seen by agarose gel electrophoresis, ApopTag in situ staining and electron microscopy. The findings of apoptosis were localized to the area of thermal injury and were time dependent, starting 6 h after the insult and peaking approximately 18 h after the insult. This represents one of the first demonstrations that apoptosis occurs in the brain in response to a thermal injury.
authors.affiliation: Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, USA. jchen@lhs.org
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Madamanchi
authors.forename: T T
authors.initials: TT
authors.lastname: Trier
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Campbell
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000209:etiology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D053938:DNA Fragmentation; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D006358:Hot Temperature / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008854:Microscopy, Electron; D009336:Necrosis; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013194:Staining and Labeling