title: Potential of 4 per cent silver fluoride to induce fluorosis in rats: clinical implications.
abstract: The Health Department in Western Australia uses a 40 per cent silver fluoride (AgF) solution for prevention and treatment of dental caries in children. Analysis of this solution has revealed high fluoride concentrations (75,000-120,000 mg/L), raising concerns of potential toxicity and prompting investigation of clinical protocols utilizing low-strength AgF in an animal model. A single topical application of 4 per cent AgF solution to Sprague-Dawley rats resulted in moderate to severe localized fluorosis in 24 per cent of animals. In a second experiment, caries was induced in rats aged 19 days; six weeks later, between one-four carious molar teeth from each rat were treated with 4 per cent AgF (atraumatic technique). A generalized form of fluorosis developed in the continually growing incisors of less than 10 per cent of animals which had one or two carious teeth treated, and in 70-90 per cent of rats which received AgF to either three or four carious teeth. These results confirm the potential of a 4 per cent AgF solution to induce fluorosis and support previous recommendations that AgF at its empirical concentration of 40 per cent should be withdrawn from clinical use.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and School of Dentistry, University of Western Australia.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Gotjamanos
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ma
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002327:Cariostatic Agents / Q000633:toxicity*; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D005459:Fluorides / Q000633:toxicity*; D005460:Fluorides, Topical / Q000633:toxicity*; D009050:Fluorosis, Dental / Q000209:etiology*; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D018030:Silver Compounds / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D002327:Cariostatic Agents; D005460:Fluorides, Topical; D018030:Silver Compounds; C105022:silver fluoride; D005459:Fluorides