title: SB 239063, a p38 MAPK inhibitor, reduces neutrophilia, inflammatory cytokines, MMP-9, and fibrosis in lung.
abstract: The effects of a second generation p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) inhibitor, SB 239063 [trans-1-(4-hydroxycyclohexyl)-4-(4-fluorophenyl)-5-(2-methoxypyridim idi n-4-yl)imidazole; IC(50) = 44 nM vs. p38 alpha], were assessed in models that represent different pathological aspects of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) [airway neutrophilia, enhanced cytokine formation and increased matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 activity] and in a model of lung fibrosis. Airway neutrophil infiltration and interleukin (IL)-6 levels, assessed by bronchoalveolar lavage 48 h after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) inhalation, were inhibited dose dependently by 3-30 mg/kg of SB 239063 given orally twice a day. In addition, SB 239063 (30 mg/kg orally) attenuated IL-6 bronchoalveolar lavage fluid concentrations (>90% inhibition) and MMP-9 activity (64% inhibition) assessed 6 h after LPS exposure. In guinea pig cultured alveolar macrophages, SB 239063 inhibited LPS-induced IL-6 production (IC(50) of 362 nM). In a bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis model in rats, treatment with SB 239063 (2.4 or 4.8 mg/day via osmotic pump) significantly inhibited bleomycin-induced right ventricular hypertrophy (indicative of secondary pulmonary hypertension) and increases in lung hydroxyproline synthesis (indicative of collagen synthesis and fibrosis). Therefore, SB 239063 demonstrates activity against a range of sequelae commonly associated with COPD and fibrosis, supporting the therapeutic potential of p38 MAPK inhibitors such as SB 239063 in chronic airway disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pulmonary Pharmacology, SmithKline Beecham Pharmaceuticals, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania 19406, USA.
authors.forename: D C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Underwood
authors.forename: R R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Osborn
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bochnowicz
authors.forename: E F
authors.initials: EF
authors.lastname: Webb
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Rieman
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Romanic
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Adams
authors.forename: D W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Hay
authors.forename: D E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Griswold
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001761:Bleomycin / Q000633:toxicity; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000097:blood; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006168:Guinea Pigs; D006801:Humans; D006976:Hypertension, Pulmonary / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000517:prevention & control; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007249:Inflammation / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D053590:Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist Protein; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000097:blood; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000097:blood; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000633:toxicity*; D008168:Lung / Q000187:drug effects / Q000503:physiopathology; D008173:Lung Diseases, Obstructive / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / Q000378:metabolism*; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D011650:Pulmonary Alveoli / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D011658:Pulmonary Fibrosis / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011743:Pyrimidines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D011917:Rats, Inbred Lew; D012795:Sialoglycoproteins / Q000097:blood; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; C507763:IL1RN protein, human; D007093:Imidazoles; D053590:Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist Protein; D007375:Interleukin-1; D015850:Interleukin-6; D016209:Interleukin-8; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D011743:Pyrimidines; D012795:Sialoglycoproteins; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D001761:Bleomycin; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9; C406525:SB 239063