title: Anti-inflammatory effects of triptolide in human bronchial epithelial cells.
abstract: Triptolide (PG490, 97% pure) is a diterpenoid triepoxide with potent anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive effects in transformed human bronchial epithelial cells and T cells (Qiu D, Zhao G, Aoki Y, Shi L, Uyei A, Nazarian S, Ng JC-H, and Kao PN. J Biol Chem 274: 13443-13450, 1999). Triptolide, with an IC(50) of approximately 20-50 ng/ml, inhibits normal and transformed human bronchial epithelial cell expression of interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8 stimulated by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), tumor necrosis factor-alpha, or IL-1 beta. Nuclear runoff and luciferase reporter gene assays demonstrate that triptolide inhibits IL-8 transcription. Triptolide also inhibits the transcriptional activation, but not the DNA binding, of nuclear factor-kappa B. A cDNA array and clustering algorithm analysis reveals that triptolide inhibits expression of the PMA-induced genes tumor necrosis factor-alpha, IL-8, macrophage inflammatory protein-2 alpha, intercellular adhesion molecule-1, integrin beta(6), vascular endothelial growth factor, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, GATA-3, fra-1, and NF45. Triptolide also inhibits constitutively expressed cell cycle regulators and survival genes cyclins D1, B1, and A1, cdc-25, bcl-x, and c-jun. Thus anti-inflammatory, antiproliferative, and proapoptotic properties of triptolide are associated with inhibition of nuclear factor-kappa B signaling and inhibition of genes known to regulate cell cycle progression and survival.
authors.affiliation: Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, California 94305-5236, USA.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: L T
authors.initials: LT
authors.lastname: Vaszar
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Qiu
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.forename: P N
authors.initials: PN
authors.lastname: Kao
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001980:Bronchi; D002460:Cell Line; D004224:Diterpenes / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004852:Epoxy Compounds; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000494:pharmacology; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000235:genetics; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D010616:Phenanthrenes; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D020545:Respiratory Mucosa / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate / Q000494:pharmacology; D015533:Transcriptional Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D014162:Transfection; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D004224:Diterpenes; D004852:Epoxy Compounds; D007375:Interleukin-1; D015850:Interleukin-6; D016209:Interleukin-8; D016328:NF-kappa B; D010616:Phenanthrenes; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; C001899:triptolide; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate