title: Minimally invasive evaluation of coronary microvascular function by electron beam computed tomography.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We previously demonstrated that in vivo electron-beam computed tomography (EBCT)-based indicator-dilution methods provide an estimate of intramyocardial blood volume (BV) and perfusion (F), which relate as BV=aF+b radicalF, where a characterizes the recruitable (exchange) and b the nonrecruitable (conduit) component of the myocardial microcirculation. In the present study, we compared BV and F with intracoronary Doppler ultrasound-based coronary blood flow (CBF) as a method for detecting and quantifying differential responses of these microvascular components to vasoactive drugs in normal (control) and hypercholesterolemic (HC) pigs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  BV and F values were obtained from contrast-enhanced EBCT studies in 14 HC and 14 control pigs. BV, F, and CBF values were obtained at baseline (intracoronary infusion of saline) and after 5 minutes each of intracoronary infusion of adenosine (100 microgram. kg(-1). min(-1)) and nitroglycerin (40 microgram/min). BV and CBF reserves in response to adenosine were attenuated in HC pigs compared with controls (90+/-36% versus 127+/-42%, P<0.03, and 485+/-182% versus 688+/-160%, P<0.01, respectively). The relationship between BV and F showed consistently lower recruitable BV in HC versus control pigs. Nonrecruitable BV reserve in response to adenosine was attenuated in HC compared with controls (77+/-20% versus 135+/-28%, P<0.001). Our findings are consistent with HC-induced impairment of intramyocardial resistance vessel function.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  EBCT technology allows minimally invasive evaluation of intramyocardial microcirculatory function and permits assessment of microvascular BV distribution in different functional components. This method may be of value in evaluating the coronary microcirculation in pathophysiological states such as hypercholesterolemia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Internal Medicine, Division of Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Möhlenkamp
authors.forename: L O
authors.initials: LO
authors.lastname: Lerman
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lerman
authors.forename: T R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Behrenbeck
authors.forename: Z S
authors.initials: ZS
authors.lastname: Katusić
authors.forename: P F
authors.initials: PF
authors.lastname: Sheedy
authors.forename: E L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Ritman
mesh_terms: D000241:Adenosine / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D003326:Coronary Circulation / Q000502:physiology*; D003331:Coronary Vessels / Q000502:physiology*; D006937:Hypercholesterolemia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology; D008833:Microcirculation / Q000502:physiology*; D005996:Nitroglycerin / Q000494:pharmacology; D012039:Regional Blood Flow / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D013552:Swine; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D005996:Nitroglycerin; D000241:Adenosine