title: Legionella pneumophila replication vacuoles mature into acidic, endocytic organelles.
abstract: After ingestion by macrophages, Legionella pneumophila inhibits acidification and maturation of its phagosome. After a 6-10-h lag period, the bacteria replicate for 10-14 h until macrophage lysis releases dozens of progeny. To examine whether the growth phase of intracellular L. pneumophila determines the fate of its phagosome, interactions between the endosomal network and pathogen vacuoles were analyzed throughout the primary infection period. Surprisingly, as L. pneumophila replicated exponentially, a significant proportion of the vacuoles acquired lysosomal characteristics. By 18 h, 70% contained lysosomal-associated membrane protein 1 (LAMP-1) and 40% contained cathepsin D; 50% of the vacuoles could be labeled by endocytosis, and the pH of this population of vacuoles averaged 5.6. Moreover, L. pneumophila appeared to survive and replicate within lysosomal compartments: vacuoles harboring more than five bacteria also contained LAMP-1, inhibition of vacuole acidification and maturation by bafilomycin A1 inhibited bacterial replication, bacteria within endosomal vacuoles responded to a metabolic inducer by expressing a gfp reporter gene, and replicating bacteria obtained from macrophages, but not broth, were acid resistant. Understanding how L. pneumophila first evades and then exploits the endosomal pathway to replicate within macrophages may reveal the mechanisms governing phagosome maturation, a process also manipulated by Mycobacteria, Leishmania, and Coxiella.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sturgill-Koszycki
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Swanson
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000032:analysis; D002402:Cathepsin D / Q000378:metabolism; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D011992:Endosomes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology*; D005455:Fluorescent Antibody Technique; D015964:Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007211:Indoles; D016952:Legionella pneumophila / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D051907:Lysosomal Membrane Proteins; D008247:Lysosomes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology*; D018942:Macrolides; D008264:Macrophages / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000382:microbiology*; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000032:analysis; D051379:Mice; D008815:Mice, Inbred Strains; D010587:Phagocytosis / Q000187:drug effects; D010588:Phagosomes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D014617:Vacuoles / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D015703:Antigens, CD; D007211:Indoles; D051907:Lysosomal Membrane Proteins; D018942:Macrolides; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; C007293:DAPI; C040929:bafilomycin A1; D002402:Cathepsin D