title: Extra-anatomic aortic bypass via sternotomy for complex aortic arch stenosis in children.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Recurrent aortic narrowing after repair of aortic coarctation or interrupted aortic arch, as well as diffuse, long-segment aortic hypoplasia, can be difficult to manage. Extra-anatomic ascending aorta-descending aorta bypass grafting through a sternotomy is an alternative approach for this problem.
  
  
  METHODS
  Since 1985, 19 patients aged 2 months to 18 years (mean 10.7 years) underwent extra-anatomic bypass with 10- to 30-mm Dacron grafts. The initial diagnosis was coarctation with hypoplastic arch in 15, interrupted aortic arch in 3, and diffuse long-segment aortic hypoplasia in 1. Seventeen of the children had a total of 22 previous operations: transthoracic interposition or bypass graft (n = 7), end-to-end anastomosis (n = 7), subclavian arterioplasty (n = 6), and synthetic patch (n = 2). The mean time from initial repair was 8.0 years (range 0.6-18 years). Three children had previous sternotomies. Cardiopulmonary bypass was avoided in all but 6 patients (5 with simultaneous intracardiac repairs).
  
  
  RESULTS
  No hospital or late deaths occurred. On follow-up from 4 months to 14.7 years (mean 7.9 years), no reoperations for recurrent stenosis were performed. Two patients have arm-to-leg pressure gradients: 20 mm Hg at rest in 1 patient and a 60-mm Hg systolic exercise gradient with no resting gradient in the other. One patient required exclusion of an aortic aneurysm at the old coarctation repair site 13 years after extra-anatomic bypass. Three children had subsequent successful cardiac operations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Extra-anatomic bypass is an effective and relatively easy approach for selected cases of complex or reoperative aortic arch obstruction. It should be considered as an alternative operative technique for complex aortic arch reconstruction.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA. kkanter@emory.org
authors.forename: K R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Kanter
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Erez
authors.forename: W H
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: V K
authors.initials: VK
authors.lastname: Tam
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000714:Anastomosis, Surgical; D001024:Aortic Valve Stenosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery*; D019917:Blood Vessel Prosthesis Implantation / Q000379:methods*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D011093:Polyethylene Terephthalates; D013249:Sternum / Q000601:surgery; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D011093:Polyethylene Terephthalates