title: Haemodynamic and metabolic effects of rilmenidine in hypertensive patients with metabolic syndrome X. A double-blind parallel study versus amlodipine.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the effects of rilmenidine with those of amlodipine on blood pressure, glucose metabolism, plasma lipid concentration and fibrinolysis parameters.
  
  
  METHODS
  A four-month randomized double-blind, parallel group study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Obese hypertensive patients with hypertriglyceridaemia (> or = 2.3 mmol/l) and impaired glucose tolerance (OMS-ADA) were included (n = 52). A placebo run-in period of 2 weeks was followed by 4 months of double-blind treatment with either rilmenidine or amlodipine. Blood pressure was recorded using a mercury sphygmomanometer. Glucose metabolism was evaluated by an oral glucose tolerance test
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 52 patients recruited, 47 (21 rilmenidine and 26 amlodipine) completed the 4-month treatment period. The intention-to-treat analysis showed a comparable reduction in systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP, DBP) with the two anti-hypertensive treatments (rilmenidine -13.9/-13.5 mmHg; amlodipine - 17.6/-15.0 mmHg). Insulin concentrations under basal conditions and 2 h after a standard oral glucose load did not change significantly after treatment in both groups. Plasma glucose under basal conditions and 2 h after a standard oral glucose load as well as the area under the plasma glucose concentration curve tended to decrease in the rilmenidine group and to increase in the amlodipine group so that the changes in these parameters were significantly different between the two study groups (P= 0.041, P = 0.042 and P = 0.015, respectively). Plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1) antigen and PAI-1 activity were only decreased in the rilmenidine group (not statistically significant).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results demonstrate that rilmenidine and amlodipine have a comparable anti-hypertensive effect but only rilmenidine is able to improve glucose metabolism.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Medicine and Cardiovascular Sciences, Federico II University, Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: De Luca
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Izzo
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Fontana
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Iovino
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Argenziano
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Vecchione
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Trimarco
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D017311:Amlodipine / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D015228:Hypertriglyceridemia / Q000503:physiopathology*; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010080:Oxazoles / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 / Q000097:blood; D000077769:Rilmenidine; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D001786:Blood Glucose; D007328:Insulin; D010080:Oxazoles; D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1; D017311:Amlodipine; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator; D000077769:Rilmenidine