title: Histidylated polylysine as a synthetic vector for gene transfer into immortalized cystic fibrosis airway surface and airway gland serous cells.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We recently designed a cationic polymer called histidylated polylysine made of polylysine partially substituted with histidyl residues which become protonated at slightly acidic pH. This polymer is thought to induce the leakage of acidic vesicles containing plasmid/histidylated polylysine complexes.
  
  
  METHODS
  and results Here, we have analyzed the ability of histidylated polylysine to transfer reporter or CFTR genes into immortalized cystic fibrosis airway surface epithelial cells (sigmaCFTE29o- cells) and airway gland serous cells (CF-KM4 cells) which are both important targets for cystic fibrosis gene therapy. The luciferase reporter gene expression measured after gene transfer with histidylated polylysine into both cell lines was quite high and similar to that obtained with commercially available vectors. In addition, the level of expression was not dependent on the presence of a membrane disrupting agent such as chloroquine. Histidylated complexes were present in slightly acidic non-lysosomal cellular compartments as shown by a cytological approach using biotinylated plasmid, lysosome-specific antibodies and confocal microscopy. Histidylated complexes appeared to be of small size when prepared at low ionic strength and formed aggregates upon increasing the ionic strength. However, aggregate formation was prevented by the addition of 10% fetal bovine serum. Gene transfer efficiency varied with the size of the complexes and decreased when small particles were used.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that histidylated polylysine may be an efficient non-viral vector for gene transfer into cystic fibrosis airway surface epithelial cells and airway gland serous cells.
authors.affiliation: INSERM U380, ICGM, Université Paris V, France. ifajac@cochin.univ-paris5.fr
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Fajac
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Allo
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Souil
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Merten
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pichon
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Figarella
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Monsigny
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Briand
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Midoux
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D002460:Cell Line; D003550:Cystic Fibrosis / Q000235:genetics / Q000628:therapy*; D019005:Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator / Q000235:genetics; D004847:Epithelial Cells; D015870:Gene Expression; D018014:Gene Transfer Techniques; D017930:Genes, Reporter; D015316:Genetic Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D005822:Genetic Vectors; D006639:Histidine; D006801:Humans; D008156:Luciferases / Q000235:genetics; D010957:Plasmids / Q000235:genetics; D011107:Polylysine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D014132:Trachea / Q000166:cytology
chemical_list: C505032:CFTR protein, human; D019005:Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator; D011107:Polylysine; D006639:Histidine; D008156:Luciferases