title: Electrolytic treatment of colorectal liver tumour deposits in a rat model: a technique with potential for patients with unresectable liver tumours.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Patients with unresectable malignant liver tumours have a poor prognosis. A technique is needed which improves long-term survival. Previous studies in the rat have shown that electrolysis is a safe, predictable and reproducible method for creating areas of necrosis in the normal rat liver. This study examined the effects of electrolysis on colorectal liver 'metastases' in the rat.
  
  
  METHODS
  Tumours of colorectal origin were implanted into the livers of Wistar-WAG rats. Two weeks after implantation the tumours were treated with electrolysis. A direct current generator, connected to 2 platinum intrahepatic electrodes was used to examine the effects of various electrode configurations on the extent of tumour necrosis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Significant (p<0.001) tumour ablation was achieved with all electrode configurations. Tumour necrosis was more complete (p<0.05) with the electrodes positioned on either side of the tumour than with both electrodes placed in the centre of the tumour. Liver enzymes (AST and ALT) were significantly (p<0.001) elevated after treatment, but returned towards normal by 2 days.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study has shown that colorectal liver 'metastasis' can be ablated by electrolysis in a rat model. Two separate mechanisms of tumour ablation were observed: With the electrodes directly in or adjacent to the tumour, necrosis resulted from the action of cytotoxic electrode products, whereas by positioning the electrodes proximal to the tumour, necrosis was induced by a 'secondary' ischaemic effect. The findings confirm the view that electrolysis has great potential for treating patients with unresectable malignant liver tumours.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Adelaide, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Adelaide, Australia.
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Wemyss-Holden
authors.forename: G S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Robertson
authors.forename: P D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Hall
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Dennison
authors.forename: G J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Maddern
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000556:secondary / Q000628:therapy*; D000818:Animals; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy; D004572:Electrolysis / Q000379:methods*; D008099:Liver / Q000473:pathology; D008114:Liver Neoplasms, Experimental / Q000556:secondary / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D009336:Necrosis; D009368:Neoplasm Transplantation; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured / Q000637:transplantation