Influenza virus lung infection protects from respiratory syncytial virus-induced immunopathology.
The effect of infection history is ignored in most animal models of infectious disease. The attachment protein of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) induces T helper cell type 2-driven pulmonary eosinophilia in mice similar to that seen in the failed infant vaccinations in the 1960s. We show that previous influenza virus infection of mice: (a) protects against weight loss, illness, and lung eosinophilia; (b) attenuates recruitment of inflammatory cells; and (c) reduces cytokine secretion caused by RSV attachment protein without affecting RSV clearance. This protective effect can be transferred via influenza-immune splenocytes to naive mice and is long lived. Previous immunity to lung infection clearly plays an important and underestimated role in subsequent vaccination and infection. The data have important implications for the timing of vaccinations in certain patient groups, and may contribute to variability in disease susceptibility observed in humans.
Walzl
G
G
Department of Biochemistry, Centre for Molecular Microbiology and Infection, Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom.
Tafuro
S
S
Moss
P
P
Openshaw
P J
PJ
Hussell
T
T
D000818:Animals; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000276:immunology; D000956:Antigens, Viral / Q000276:immunology; D018414:CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology; D017690:Cell Transplantation; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D003602:Cytotoxicity, Immunologic / Q000276:immunology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004198:Disease Susceptibility / Q000276:immunology; D004802:Eosinophilia / Q000150:complications / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology; D005260:Female; D015707:HN Protein / Q000276:immunology; D006651:Histocytochemistry; D008168:Lung / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000821:virology*; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D009975:Orthomyxoviridae / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology; D009976:Orthomyxoviridae Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology; D018357:Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000821:virology*; D018113:Respiratory Syncytial Virus, Human / Q000276:immunology / Q000472:pathogenicity / Q000502:physiology*; D013154:Spleen / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology; D015163:Superinfection / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000821:virology; D014759:Viral Envelope Proteins; D014779:Virus Replication
D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D000956:Antigens, Viral; D016207:Cytokines; D015707:HN Protein; D014759:Viral Envelope Proteins; C116204:attachment protein G