title: Minimally invasive parathyroid surgery.
abstract: More surgeons are performing unilateral exploration for primary hyperparathyroidism (HPT) than ever before. This article reviews the factors that have led to the trend toward less invasive surgery. Discussion includes the history of unilateral exploration for HPT, the advent of magnetic resonance sestamibi imaging, and the development of intraoperative assays for parathyroid hormone. Results of minimally invasive techniques, including radio-guided parathyroidectomy, endoscopic parathyroidectomy, and outpatient parathyroidectomy, also are presented.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Iowa Health Care, Iowa City 52242, USA. james-howe@uiowa.edu
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Howe
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D000556:Ambulatory Surgical Procedures; D000772:Anesthesia, Local; D004724:Endoscopy; D006801:Humans; D006961:Hyperparathyroidism / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D007430:Intraoperative Care; D010281:Parathyroid Hormone / Q000097:blood; D016105:Parathyroidectomy / Q000379:methods; D011300:Preoperative Care; D011877:Radionuclide Imaging; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D017256:Technetium Tc 99m Sestamibi
chemical_list: D010281:Parathyroid Hormone; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D017256:Technetium Tc 99m Sestamibi