title: Efficacy and safety of oral dofetilide in converting to and maintaining sinus rhythm in patients with chronic atrial fibrillation or atrial flutter: the symptomatic atrial fibrillation investigative research on dofetilide (SAFIRE-D) study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This double-blind, multicenter, placebo-controlled study determined the efficacy and safety of dofetilide in converting atrial fibrillation (AF) or atrial flutter (AFl) to sinus rhythm (SR) and maintaining SR for 1 year.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients with AF or AFl (n=325) were randomized to 125, 250, or 500 microgram dofetilide or placebo twice daily. Dosages were adjusted for QTc response and, after 105 patients were enrolled, for calculated creatinine clearance (Cl(Cr)). Pharmacological cardioversion rates for 125, 250, and 500 microgram dofetilide were 6.1%, 9.8%, and 29.9%, respectively, versus 1.2% for placebo (250 and 500 microgram versus placebo; P=0.015 and P<0.001, respectively). Seventy percent of pharmacological cardioversions with dofetilide were achieved in 24 hours and 91% in 36 hours. For the 250 patients who successfully cardioverted pharmacologically or electrically, the probability of remaining in SR at 1 year was 0.40, 0.37, 0.58 for 125, 250, and 500 microgram dofetilide, respectively, and 0.25 for placebo (500 microgram versus placebo, P=0.001). Two cases of torsade de pointes occurred, 1 on day 2 and the other on day 3 (0.8% of all patients given active drug); 1 sudden cardiac death, classified as proarrhythmic, occurred on day 8 (0.4% of all patients given active drug).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Dofetilide, a new class III antiarrhythmic agent, is moderately effective in cardioverting AF or AFl to SR and significantly effective in maintaining SR for 1 year. In-hospital initiation and dosage adjustment based on QTc and Cl(Cr) are necessary to minimize a small but nonnegligible proarrhythmic risk.
authors.affiliation: Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA. snsingh@erols.com
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.forename: R G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Zoble
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yellen
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Brodsky
authors.forename: G K
authors.initials: GK
authors.lastname: Feld
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Berk
authors.forename: C B
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Billing
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000889:Anti-Arrhythmia Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001281:Atrial Fibrillation / Q000188:drug therapy*; D001282:Atrial Flutter / Q000188:drug therapy*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010627:Phenethylamines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010919:Placebos; D013449:Sulfonamides / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000889:Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; D010627:Phenethylamines; D010919:Placebos; D013449:Sulfonamides; C063533:dofetilide