title: A nation's experience of bleeding complications during laparoscopy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Bleeding complications during laparoscopic surgery are rare but probably underreported. The aim of the current study was to elucidate the clinical relevance of bleeding complications and major vascular injuries during standard laparoscopic procedures.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Swiss Association of Laparoscopic and Thoracoscopic Surgery (SALTS) prospectively collected the data on 14,243 patients undergoing different standard laparoscopic procedures (1995 to 1997). These data were analyzed with special interest in intraoperative and postoperative bleeding complications and major vascular injuries.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In all, 331 patients (2.3%) had intraoperative bleeding complications. Whereas 44 patients suffered from an external bleed of the abdominal wall, the bleeding was internal in the remaining 287. Thirty-three patients with internal bleeding required blood transfusion with a mean blood loss of 1,630 mL. Surgical hemostasis was necessary in 68% of external and 91% of internal bleeds. There were 250 patients (1.8%) with postoperative bleeding complications. External bleeding occurred in 143 patients, and 107 patients developed internal bleeding. External bleeding was mainly treated conservatively (92%), whereas 50% of internal bleeds required further surgical intervention. Major vascular injuries occurred in 12 patients (incidence 0.08%) with open treatment being necessary in all cases.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Bleeding complications are, in fact, common during laparoscopic surgery. Meticulous dissection technique, immediate recognition, and adequate surgical treatment are mandatory for their management.
authors.affiliation: Swiss Association for Laparoscopic and Thoracoscopic Surgery, Zürich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schäfer
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lauper
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Krähenbühl
mesh_terms: D000009:Abdominal Muscles / Q000601:surgery; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016063:Blood Loss, Surgical / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D001803:Blood Transfusion / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D001808:Blood Vessels / Q000293:injuries; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007431:Intraoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019106:Postoperative Hemorrhage / Q000453:epidemiology; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012086:Reoperation / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D013557:Switzerland / Q000453:epidemiology; D013906:Thoracoscopy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000706:statistics & numerical data