title: Isotopes, ice ages, and terminal Proterozoic earth history.
abstract: Detailed correlations of ancient glacial deposits, based on temporal records of carbon and strontium isotopes in seawater, indicate four (and perhaps five) discrete ice ages in the terminal Proterozoic Eon. The close and repeated stratigraphic relationship between C-isotopic excursions and glaciogenic rocks suggests that unusually high rates of organic carbon burial facilitated glaciation by reducing atmospheric greenhouse capacity. The emerging framework of time and environmental change contributes to the improved resolution of stratigraphic and evolutionary pattern in the early fossil record of animals.
authors.affiliation: Botanical Museum, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Kaufman
authors.forename: A H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Knoll
authors.forename: G M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Narbonne
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001315:Australia; D002170:Canada; D002247:Carbon Isotopes; D003081:Cold Climate; D018534:Earth, Planet; D019419:Evolution, Planetary; D005580:Fossils; D019015:Geologic Sediments / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D055593:Geological Phenomena; D005844:Geology; D007053:Ice / Q000032:analysis*; D009276:Namibia; D010163:Paleontology; D012623:Seawater / Q000737:chemistry; D013325:Strontium Isotopes; D013538:Svalbard
chemical_list: D002247:Carbon Isotopes; D007053:Ice; D013325:Strontium Isotopes