title: Phosphorylcholine coating of extracorporeal circuits provides natural protection against blood activation by the material surface.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study is to evaluate the use of a new coating, mimicking the outer cell membrane, in paediatric cardiac surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two groups of ten patients with a body weight below 8 kg, undergoing elective cardiac operations for different congenital anomalies, were prospectively enrolled in this study. In one group the whole extracorporeal circuit, including the cannulas, was coated with phosphorylcholine (PC). In the second group the same circuit was used without coating. Platelet activation (thromboxane B2 (TXB2), beta-thromboglobulin (betaTG)), activation of the coagulation system (F1+2), leukocyte activation (CD11b/CD18) and terminal complement activation (TCC) were analyzed pre-cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), at 15, 60 min of CPB, at the end of CPB, 20 min post CPB and at postoperative day 1 and 6.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No statistical differences were found for F1+2 and CD11b/CD18. After onset of CPB mean levels of TCC remained stable in the PC group whereas an increase was observed in the control group. During CPB betaTG values in both groups increased to a maximum at the end of CPB. Within groups the increase in betaTG levels during CPB was statistically significant (P<0.05) from baseline in the control group starting from 60 min of CPB whereas no statistical difference was observed in the PC group. After the start of CPB TXB2 mean levels increased to 405+/-249 pg/ml in the PC group vs. 535+/-224 pg/ml in the control group. After this initial increase there was a small decline in the PC group with further increase. This was in contrast to the control group were TXB2 levels further increased up to a mean of 718+/-333 pg/ml at the end of CPB (P=0.016).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Phosphorylcholine coating had a favourable effect on blood platelets, which is most obvious after studying the changes during cardiopulmonary bypass. A steady increase of TXB2 and betaTG was observed in the control group, whereas plateau formation was observed in the phosphorylcholine group. Clinically, this effect may contribute to reduced blood loss and less thromboembolic complications. Complement activation is lower in the coated group.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiac Surgery, Division of Perfusion, University Hospital Gent, Centre for Cardiac Surgery 5IE-K12, De Pintelaan 185, B-9000, Gent, Belgium. filip.desomer@rug.ac.be
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: De Somer
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: François
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: van Oeveren
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Poelaert
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: De Wolf
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ebels
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Van Nooten
mesh_terms: D001777:Blood Coagulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D018821:CD18 Antigens / Q000097:blood; D002315:Cardiopulmonary Bypass / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000295:instrumentation*; D002448:Cell Adhesion / Q000187:drug effects; D003167:Complement Activation / Q000187:drug effects*; D005260:Female; D006330:Heart Defects, Congenital / Q000097:blood* / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007249:Inflammation / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology; D007962:Leukocytes / Q000187:drug effects*; D016177:Macrophage-1 Antigen / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D010767:Phosphorylcholine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015539:Platelet Activation / Q000187:drug effects*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013929:Thromboxane B2 / Q000097:blood; D013997:Time Factors; D001620:beta-Thromboglobulin / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D018821:CD18 Antigens; D016177:Macrophage-1 Antigen; D001620:beta-Thromboglobulin; D010767:Phosphorylcholine; D013929:Thromboxane B2