title: Continuous contralateral jugular acid-base and blood gas monitoring during carotid endarterectomy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of this study is to evaluate the intravascular multiparameter sensor Paratrend 7 (P7) for continuous acid-base and blood gas monitoring after retrograde jugular catheterization during carotid endarterectomy.
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied 11 patients with history of smoking (72.7%), coronary artery disease (72.7%), hypertension (100%), diabetes mellitus (55.5%) and TIA's and/or nondisabling stroke (90.9%). The contralateral internal jugular vein was punctured retrogradely and the calibrated P7 sensor was introduced. The sensor was removed after surgery. The P7 provides continuous graphical display of pH, pCO2, and pO2, while temperature, oxygen saturation, HCO3 concentration and base excess are displayed numerically.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean duration of carotid cross-clamping was 17.0 +/- 6.2 min. Mean stump pressure was 50.2 +/- 12.9 mmHg. Intraluminal shunting was not used in any operation. All sensors were easily inserted. During clamping, pH became persistently more acidic (7.31 to 7.28; p < 0.05), pCO2 was elevated (44.7 to 49.8 mmHg; p < 0.05) while, in the majority of the patients, there was a non significant decrease in pjvO2/SjvO2. Declamping was followed by a short period of decrease of pH and elevation of pCO2 reminiscent of wash out phenomena. PjvO2 was significantly elevated (53.8 +/- 5.2 to 59.0 +/- 5.8 mmHg; p < 0.001) after the restoration of flow. In one case, P7 was diagnostic for unsuccessful endarterectomy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  P7 is useful during carotid endarterectomy providing continuous and "on-line" information on brain metabolism. It is a simple and powerful technique, which should be further investigated.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, G. Gennimatas University Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Vretzakis
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Papadimitriou
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Koutsias
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Christopoulos
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Volteas
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pitoulias
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Zervas
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Papaziogas
mesh_terms: D000136:Acid-Base Equilibrium / Q000502:physiology*; D000368:Aged; D001784:Blood Gas Analysis / Q000295:instrumentation*; D016894:Endarterectomy, Carotid / Q000295:instrumentation*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016343:Monitoring, Intraoperative / Q000295:instrumentation*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012815:Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000295:instrumentation*