title: Alterations in basal glucose metabolism during late pregnancy in the conscious dog.
abstract: We assessed basal glucose metabolism in 16 female nonpregnant (NP) and 16 late-pregnant (P) conscious, 18-h-fasted dogs that had catheters inserted into the hepatic and portal veins and femoral artery approximately 17 days before the experiment. Pregnancy resulted in lower arterial plasma insulin (11 +/- 1 and 4 +/- 1 microU/ml in NP and P, respectively, P < 0.05), but plasma glucose (5.9 +/- 0.1 and 5.6 +/- 0.1 mg/dl in NP and P, respectively) and glucagon (39 +/- 3 and 36 +/- 2 pg/ml in NP and P, respectively) were not different. Net hepatic glucose output was greater in pregnancy (42.1 +/- 3.1 and 56.7 +/- 4.0 micromol. 100 g liver(-1).min(-1) in NP and P, respectively, P < 0.05). Total net hepatic gluconeogenic substrate uptake (lactate, alanine, glycerol, and amino acids), a close estimate of the gluconeogenic rate, was not different between the groups (20.6 +/- 2.8 and 21.2 +/- 1.8 micromol. 100 g liver(-1). min(-1) in NP and P, respectively), indicating that the increment in net hepatic glucose output resulted from an increase in the contribution of glycogenolytically derived glucose. However, total glycogenolysis was not altered in pregnancy. Ketogenesis was enhanced nearly threefold by pregnancy (6.9 +/- 1.2 and 18.2 +/- 3.4 micromol. 100 g liver(-1).min(-1) in NP and P, respectively), despite equivalent net hepatic nonesterified fatty acid uptake. Thus late pregnancy in the dog is not accompanied by changes in the absolute rates of gluconeogenesis or glycogenolysis. Rather, repartitioning of the glucose released from glycogen is responsible for the increase in hepatic glucose production.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA. cindy.connolly@mcmail.vanderbilt.edu
authors.forename: C C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Connolly
authors.forename: L C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Holste
authors.forename: L N
authors.initials: LN
authors.lastname: Aglione
authors.forename: D W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Neal
authors.forename: D B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Lacy
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: M P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Diamond
authors.forename: A D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Cherrington
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Chiasson
mesh_terms: D020155:3-Hydroxybutyric Acid / Q000097:blood; D000090:Acetoacetates / Q000097:blood; D000409:Alanine / Q000097:blood; D000596:Amino Acids / Q000097:blood; D000818:Animals; D001158:Arteries; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D004285:Dogs; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D005865:Gestational Age; D005943:Gluconeogenesis; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D005990:Glycerol / Q000097:blood; D006003:Glycogen / Q000378:metabolism; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D007700:Kinetics; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000097:blood; D008066:Lipolysis; D008099:Liver / Q000098:blood supply / Q000378:metabolism; D011247:Pregnancy
chemical_list: D000090:Acetoacetates; D000596:Amino Acids; D001786:Blood Glucose; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; D007328:Insulin; D019344:Lactic Acid; C016635:acetoacetic acid; D006003:Glycogen; D005947:Glucose; D000409:Alanine; D005990:Glycerol; D020155:3-Hydroxybutyric Acid