title: Presence of human papilloma virus in tumor tissue from children with retinoblastoma: an alternative mechanism for tumor development.
abstract: Epidemiological studies have shown that the use of barrier methods of contraception is associated with a decreased incidence of papilloma virus infection and reduced risk of having a child with retinoblastoma. Thirty-nine primary retinoblastomas were analyzed for the presence of papilloma virus sequences. Tumor tissue sections were also used to assess the expression of the retinoblastoma protein and proliferative index. Papilloma sequences were detected in 14 of 39 (36%) tumors. Tumors in which viral sequences were detected were associated with a lower proliferative index (68% versus 78%; P = 0.015). Children with tumors containing viral sequences had a lower risk of extraocular disease (odds ratio, 9.0; 95% confidence interval, 1.6-49; P = 0.008) and a lower birth weight (2.9 versus 3.5 kg; P = 0.030). Based on these data, it is our hypothesis that papilloma viruses may play a role in the development of sporadic retinoblastoma. Detection of papilloma virus sequences and retinoblastoma protein in certain primary lesions suggests an alternative mechanism of tumor development for sporadic retinoblastoma.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics and School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Orjuela
authors.forename: V P
authors.initials: VP
authors.lastname: Castaneda
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ridaura
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lecona
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Leal
authors.forename: D H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Abramson
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Orlow
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Gerald
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cordon-Cardo
mesh_terms: D017668:Age of Onset; D015139:Blotting, Southern; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D002455:Cell Division; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D050684:E2F Transcription Factors; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007223:Infant; D027383:Papillomaviridae / Q000378:metabolism*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012175:Retinoblastoma / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology*; D016160:Retinoblastoma Protein / Q000096:biosynthesis; D056465:Retinoblastoma-Binding Protein 1; D050680:Transcription Factor DP1; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000096:biosynthesis
chemical_list: D002352:Carrier Proteins; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D050684:E2F Transcription Factors; D016160:Retinoblastoma Protein; D056465:Retinoblastoma-Binding Protein 1; D050680:Transcription Factor DP1; D014157:Transcription Factors