title: Geographic variations in prevalence and underdiagnosis of COPD: results of the IBERPOC multicentre epidemiological study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To ascertain the prevalence, diagnostic level, and treatment of COPD in Spain through a multicenter study comprising seven different geographic areas.
  
  
  METHODS
  This is an epidemiologic, multicenter, population-based study conducted in seven areas of Spain. A total of 4,035 men and women (age range, 40 to 69 years) who were randomly selected from a target population of 236,412 subjects participated in the study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eligible subjects answered the European Commission for Steel and Coal questionnaire. Spirometry was performed, followed by a bronchodilator test when bronchial obstruction was present.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The prevalence of COPD was 9.1% (95% confidence interval [CI], 8.1 to 10.2%), 15% in smokers (95% CI, 12.8 to 17.1%), 12.8% in ex-smokers (95% CI, 10.7 to 14.8%), and 4.1% in nonsmokers (95% CI, 3.3 to 5.1%). The prevalence in men was 14.3% (95% CI, 12.8 to 15. 9%) and 3.9% in women (95% CI, 3.1 to 4.8%). Marked differences were observed between sexes in smoking; the percentage of nonsmokers was 23% in men and 76.3% in women (p<0.0001). The prevalence of COPD varied among the areas, ranging from 4.9% (95% CI, 3.2 to 7.0%) in the area of the lowest prevalence to 18% (95% CI, 14.8 to 21.2%) in the area of the highest. There was no previous diagnosis of COPD in 78.2% of cases (284 of 363). Only 49.3% of patients with severe COPD, 11.8% of patients with moderate COPD, and 10% of patients with mild COPD were receiving some kind of treatment for COPD. Multivariate analysis showed that individuals had a higher probability of having received a previous diagnosis of COPD if they lived in urban areas, were of male gender, were > 60 years old, had higher educational levels, had > 15 pack-year smoking history, or had symptoms of chronic bronchitis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  COPD is a very frequent disease in Spain, and presents significant geographic variations and a very low level of previous diagnosis and treatment, even in the most advanced cases.
authors.affiliation: Respiratory Pathology Unit, Cruces Hospital, Baracaldo.
authors.forename: V S
authors.initials: VS
authors.lastname: Peña
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Miravitlles
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gabriel
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Jiménez-Ruiz
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Villasante
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Masa
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Viejo
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Fernández-Fau
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008173:Lung Diseases, Obstructive / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D015995:Prevalence; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D017678:Sex Distribution; D013030:Spain / Q000453:epidemiology; D013147:Spirometry; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires