title: Angiotensin II-induced hypertension: contribution of Ras GTPase/Mitogen-activated protein kinase and cytochrome P450 metabolites.
abstract: We reported that norepinephrine and angiotensin II (Ang II) activate the Ras/mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase pathway primarily through the generation of cytochrome P450 (CYP450) metabolites. The purpose of the present study was to determine the contribution of Ras and CYP450 to Ang II-dependent hypertension in rats. Infusion of Ang II (350 ng/min for 6 days) elevated mean arterial blood pressure (MABP) (171+/-3 mm Hg for Ang II versus 94+/-5 for vehicle group, P<0.05). Ras is activated on farnesylation by farnesyl protein transferase (FPT). When Ang II was infused in combination with FPT inhibitor FPT III (232 ng/min) or BMS-191563 (578 ng/min), the development of hypertension was attenuated (171+/-3 mm Hg for Ang II plus vehicle versus 134+/-5 mm Hg for Ang II plus FPT III and 116+/-6 mm Hg for Ang II plus BMS-191563, P<0.05). Treatment with the MAP kinase kinase inhibitor PD-98059 (5 mg SC) reduced MABP. The CYP450 inhibitor aminobenzotriazole (50 mg/kg) also diminished the development of Ang II-induced hypertension to 113+/-8 mm Hg. The activities of Ras, MAP kinase, and CYP450 measured in the kidney were elevated in hypertensive animals. The infusion of FPT III, BMS-191563, or aminobenzotriazole reduced the elevation in Ras and MAP kinase activity. Morphological studies of the kidney showed that FPT III treatment ameliorated the arterial injury, vascular lesions, fibrinoid necrosis, focal hemorrhage, and hypertrophy of muscle walls observed in hypertensive animals. These data suggest that the activation of Ras and CYP450 contributes to the development of Ang II-dependent hypertension and associated vascular pathology.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Pharmacology, University of Tennessee, Memphis, USA.
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Muthalif
authors.forename: N A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Karzoun
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gaber
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Khandekar
authors.forename: I F
authors.initials: IF
authors.lastname: Benter
authors.forename: A E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Saeed
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Parmentier
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Estes
authors.forename: K U
authors.initials: KU
authors.lastname: Malik
mesh_terms: D019883:Alkyl and Aryl Transferases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D000804:Angiotensin II / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D042926:Cytochrome P-450 CYP4A; D065607:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme Inhibitors; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000494:pharmacology; D006973:Hypertension / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000473:pathology; D007668:Kidney / Q000098:blood supply / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1 / Q000378:metabolism; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3; D020929:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D006899:Mixed Function Oxygenases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D014230:Triazoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D018631:ras Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D065607:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme Inhibitors; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D005419:Flavonoids; D014230:Triazoles; D000804:Angiotensin II; C033020:1-aminobenzotriazole; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System; D006899:Mixed Function Oxygenases; D042926:Cytochrome P-450 CYP4A; D019883:Alkyl and Aryl Transferases; C064911:p21(ras) farnesyl-protein transferase; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D020929:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases; D018631:ras Proteins; C093973:2-(2-amino-3-methoxyphenyl)-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one