title: Cyclin D1 expression during rat mammary tumor development and its potential role in the resistance of the Copenhagen rat.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Resistance to mammary tumorigenesis in Copenhagen rats is associated with loss of early preneoplastic lesions known as intraductal proliferations. The cause of this disappearance, however, is unknown.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were no differences in the numbers of lesions in mammary whole-mounts prepared from Copenhagen or Wistar-Furth rats at 20 or 30 days after N-methyl-N-nitrosourea treatment, but at 37 days there were significantly fewer lesions in Copenhagen glands. Furthermore, lesions in Copenhagen glands were exclusively intraductal proliferations, whereas in Wistar-Furth glands more advanced lesions were also present. Immunohistochemical staining showed frequent cyclin D1 overexpression in Wistar-Furth lesions at 37 days, but not in Copenhagen lesions. There were, however, no differences in p16INK4a protein expression, bromodeoxyuridine labeling and apoptotic indices, or mast cell infiltration between Copenhagen and Wistar-Furth lesions at any time.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Overexpression of cyclin D1 in preneoplastic lesions may be important in the development of mammary tumors in susceptible rats, although this overexpression does not appear to cause significant changes in cell kinetics. Furthermore, the low levels of cyclin D1 expression in Copenhagen intraductal proliferations may play a role in the resistance of these rats to mammary tumorigenesis.
authors.affiliation: University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Korkola
authors.forename: G A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Wood
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Archer
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001973:Bromodeoxyuridine / Q000378:metabolism; D002278:Carcinoma in Situ / Q000378:metabolism; D018270:Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast / Q000378:metabolism; D019938:Cyclin D1 / Q000032:analysis / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D019941:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16 / Q000032:analysis; D005260:Female; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008325:Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D008770:Methylnitrosourea; D011230:Precancerous Conditions / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D011920:Rats, Inbred WF
chemical_list: D019941:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16; D019938:Cyclin D1; D008770:Methylnitrosourea; D001973:Bromodeoxyuridine