title: Combined treatment with losartan and an ACE inhibitor in mild to moderate heart failure: results of a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although the beneficial effects of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors in patients with heart failure are well recognized, there are theoretical advantages in combining ACE inhibition with angiotensin (AT)1 receptor antagonism.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty patients with mild to moderate heart failure and maximally treated with an ACE inhibitor were randomly assigned to losartan or placebo. Patients underwent repeated assessment of exercise tolerance, quality of life, central and regional hemodynamics, and neurohumoral and biochemical parameters over a period of 12 weeks.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Losartan treatment was well tolerated in terms of adverse events, heart rate, and blood pressure response, and there were no significant changes in serum creatinine or potassium. After 12 weeks of treatment, no significant differences were observed between the losartan and placebo groups in exercise tolerance, quality of life, central and regional hemodynamics, or neurohumoral parameters.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In patients with mild to moderate heart failure already maximally treated with an ACE inhibitor, additional treatment with losartan is well tolerated, but we have not observed any significant improvement in exercise capacity, quality of life, central and regional hemodynamics, or neurohormones. Our data suggest that the combination of losartan with an ACE inhibitor does not offer any substantial advantages over treatment with an ACE inhibitor alone in these patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University Hospital, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, United Kingdom. houghtons@talk21.com
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Houghton
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Harrison
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Cowley
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Hampton
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D047228:Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002303:Cardiac Output, Low / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005080:Exercise Test; D005260:Female; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D019808:Losartan / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018377:Neurotransmitter Agents / Q000097:blood; D010807:Physical Endurance / Q000187:drug effects; D011188:Potassium / Q000097:blood; D011788:Quality of Life; D012720:Severity of Illness Index
chemical_list: D047228:Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; D018377:Neurotransmitter Agents; D003404:Creatinine; D019808:Losartan; D011188:Potassium