title: Phylogenetic analysis of and oligonucleotide probe development for eikelboom type 021N filamentous bacteria isolated from bulking activated sludge.
abstract: Fifteen filamentous strains, morphologically classified as Eikelboom type 021N bacteria, were isolated from bulking activated sludges. Based on comparative 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) sequence analysis, all strains form a monophyletic cluster together with all recognized Thiothrix species (88.3 to 98.7% 16S rDNA sequence similarity) within the gamma-subclass of Proteobacteria. The investigated Eikelboom type 021N isolates were subdivided into three distinct groups (I to III) demonstrating a previously unrecognized genetic diversity hidden behind the uniform morphology of the filaments. For in situ detection of these bacteria, 16S rRNA-targeted oligonucleotide probes specific for the entire Eikelboom type 021N-Thiothrix cluster and the Eikelboom type 021N groups I, II, and III, respectively, were designed, evaluated, and successfully applied in activated sludge.
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Bioscience and Human-Technology, Agency of Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba 305-8566, Japan. kanagawa@nibh.go.jp
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kanagawa
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kamagata
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Aruga
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kohno
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Horn
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wagner
mesh_terms: D001482:Base Composition; D001483:Base Sequence; D020563:Gammaproteobacteria / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D017404:In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D015345:Oligonucleotide Probes / Q000235:genetics*; D010802:Phylogeny; D011809:Quinones / Q000032:analysis; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000235:genetics; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D012722:Sewage / Q000382:microbiology*
chemical_list: D015345:Oligonucleotide Probes; D011809:Quinones; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; D012722:Sewage