title: Leptin and metabolic hormones in preterm newborns.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the inter-relation between leptin and other metabolic hormones in preterm and term infants and to explore whether a functional "adipoinsular axis" might exist in preterm newborns.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 140 preterm and term newborns were prospectively recruited and categorised according to gestation length. Blood samples were taken at 24 hours (day 1), and on day 4-5 of life.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Serum leptin, cortisol, free thyroxine, and plasma ACTH on day 1 were significantly higher in term than in preterm infants. The relation between serum leptin and gestation followed a non-linear pattern; the slope of the curve began to increase steeply between 33 and 35 weeks gestation. Serum leptin on day 1 was significantly associated with serum insulin, insulin:glucose ratio, and plasma ACTH in infants less than 34 weeks gestation; serum leptin on day 1 and day 4-5 were significantly correlated with insulin:glucose ratio in infants 34 or more weeks gestation. Significant changes in the pattern of metabolic hormones were observed in the first week of life. Serum insulin and plasma glucose were significantly increased between day 1 and day 4-5; serum leptin was significantly decreased.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The circulating leptin concentration increases markedly after 34 weeks gestation and bears a close temporal relation with the exponential accumulation of body fat mass during that period. The inter-relation between serum leptin and insulin or insulin:glucose ratio before and after 34 weeks gestation indicates that the "adipoinsular axis" is likely to be functional in early (<34 weeks gestation) intrauterine life. The rapid decline in the circulating concentrations of leptin after birth may be of physiological advantage to preterm and term newborns by limiting their body energy expenditure and conserving nutritional reverses for subsequent growth and development.
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatrics, Level 6, Clinical Sciences Building, Prince of Wales Hospital, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong.
authors.forename: P C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Ng
authors.forename: C W
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Lam
authors.forename: C H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: G W
authors.initials: GW
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.forename: T F
authors.initials: TF
authors.lastname: Fok
authors.forename: I H
authors.initials: IH
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.forename: K C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Wong
mesh_terms: D000324:Adrenocorticotropic Hormone / Q000097:blood*; D001724:Birth Weight; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D015992:Body Mass Index; D005260:Female; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000097:blood*; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature / Q000097:blood*; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D020738:Leptin / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012737:Sex Factors; D013974:Thyroxine / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D007328:Insulin; D020738:Leptin; D000324:Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; D013974:Thyroxine; D006854:Hydrocortisone