title: The genetic position of the autochthonous subpopulation of Northern Navarre (Spain) in relation to other basque subpopulations. A study based on GM and KM immunoglobulin allotypes.
abstract: GM and KM immunoglobulin (Ig) allotypes were tested in 118 autochthonous Basques from northern Navarre. The results are compared to those obtained for the same genetic markers in 6 other Basque subpopulations, 3 from Spain (Guipúzcoa, Vizcaya, and Alava) and 3 from France: Macaye, Saint-Jean Pied de Port, and Mauleon. The northern Navarrese appear genetically closer to the Alava and Saint-Jean Pied de Port subpopulations. The Basques present 3 GM haplotypes that are uncommon in Caucasian populations, suggesting that they have not been completely isolated either from Asian or African populations. The GM*1,17 23' 10,11,13,15,16 north Asian haplotype was probably the first to be introduced into the Basque area. The GM*1,17 23' 5* haplotype, considered an African genetic marker although also detected in Central Asia, would have reached the Iberian Peninsula through consecutive historic migrations from North Africa. The rare haplotype GM*1,17 23 21,28 results probably from a genetic recombination or crossing-over between the 2 common haplotypes GM*1, 17 23' 21,28 and GM*3 23 5*. It is also found with a low frequency in other neighboring regions and countries; but the possibility of its having been introduced through the main passage connecting western France and Spain during the Roman Empire and Middle Ages cannot be ruled out.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Biología Animal y Genética, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad del Pais Vasco, Bilbao, Spain.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Calderón
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Perez-Miranda
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Peña
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Vidales
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Aresti
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Dugoujon
mesh_terms: D003434:Crossing Over, Genetic / Q000235:genetics; D004641:Emigration and Immigration / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005006:Ethnicity / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D005602:France; D014644:Genetic Variation / Q000235:genetics*; D006239:Haplotypes / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D007129:Immunoglobulin Gm Allotypes / Q000235:genetics*; D007131:Immunoglobulin Km Allotypes / Q000235:genetics*; D007802:Language; D008297:Male; D008393:Marriage / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D009275:Names; D011995:Recombination, Genetic / Q000235:genetics; D013030:Spain
chemical_list: D007129:Immunoglobulin Gm Allotypes; D007131:Immunoglobulin Km Allotypes