title: Women in academic emergency medicine.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the achievement of women in academic emergency medicine (EM) relative to men.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study was a cross-sectional mail survey of all emergency physicians who were employed at three-fourths full-time equivalent or greater at the 105 EM residency programs in the United States from August 1997 to December 1997. The following information was obtained: demographics, training and practice issues, roles and responsibilities in academic EM, percentage of time spent per week in clinical practice, teaching, administrative and research activities, academic productivity, and funding.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 1,575 self-administered questionnaires distributed by the office of the chairs, 1,197 (76%) were returned. Two hundred seventy-four (23%) of the respondents were women, and 923 (77%) were men. There was a significant difference noted between men and women in all demographic categories. The numbers of respondents who were nonwhite were extremely small in the sample and, therefore, the authors are hesitant to draw any conclusions based on race/ethnicity. There was no difference in training in EM between men and women (82% vs 82%, p = 0.288), but a significantly higher proportion of male respondents were board-certified in EM (84% vs 76%, p < 0.002). Women in academic EM were less likely to hold major leadership positions, spent a greater percentage of time in clinical and teaching activities, published less in peer-reviewed journals, and were less likely to achieve senior academic rank in their medical schools.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings mirror those of most medical specialties: academic achievement of women in academic EM lags behind that of men. The paucity of minority physicians in academic EM didn't permit analysis of their academic achievements.
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, MetroHealth Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, and the Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA. rcydulka@metrohealth.org
authors.forename: R K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Cydulka
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: D'Onofrio
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Schneider
authors.forename: C L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Emerman
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Sullivan
mesh_terms: D000046:Academic Medical Centers; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004635:Emergency Medicine / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008913:Minority Groups; D010822:Physicians, Women / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D014481:United States; D000078329:Workforce