title: Bronchial artery embolization for hemoptysis due to benign diseases: immediate and long-term results.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To clarify the immediate effect and long-term results of bronchial artery embolization (BAE) for hemoptysis due to benign diseases and the factors influencing the outcomes.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred and one patients (aged 34-89 years) received bronchial artery embolization with polyvinyl alcohol particles and gelatin sponge for massive or continuing moderate hemoptysis caused by benign pulmonary diseases and resistant to medical treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After BAE, bleeding stopped in 94 patients (94%). The immediate effect was unfavorable in cases where feeder vessels were overlooked or the embolization of the intercostal arteries was insufficient. Long-term cumulative hemoptysis nonrecurrence rates after the initial embolization were 77.7% for 1 year and 62.5% for 5 years. In bronchitis (n = 9) and active tuberculosis (n = 4) groups, an excellent (100%) 5-year cumulative nonrecurrence rate was obtained. The rate was lower in groups with pneumonia/abscess/pyothorax (n = 8) or with pulmonary aspergillosis (n = 9) (53.3%, 1-year cumulative nonrecurrence). There were higher incidences of early recurrence among patients with massive hemorrhage or more marked vascularity and systemic artery-pulmonary artery shunt in angiography: however, these trends were not statistically significant
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  BAE can yield long-term benefit in patients with hemoptysis due to benign diseases. Technical problems in the procedure had an impact on the short-term effect. The degree of hemorrhage or the severity of angiographical findings were not significant factors affecting the outcome. The most significant factor affecting long-term results was whether the inflammation caused by the underlying disease was medically well controlled.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Saga Medical School, Nabeshima-5-1-1, Saga, 849, Japan.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kato
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kudo
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Matsumoto
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fukahori
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shimizu
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Uchino
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hayashi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000792:Angiography; D001981:Bronchial Arteries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D004621:Embolization, Therapeutic; D005260:Female; D006469:Hemoptysis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D008171:Lung Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D016896:Treatment Outcome