title: Frey syndrome: treatment with type A botulinum toxin.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Frey syndrome was first described by Baillarger in 1853. Frey provided a detailed analysis and description as "auriculotemporal syndrome" in 1923. According to the literature, even the most recent therapeutic measures described for the treatment of patients with Frey syndrome have little chance of success and a high incidence of side effects. Thus, a type of treatment is desirable that can suppress the symptoms of Frey syndrome and can offer a good success rate, minimum invasiveness, and few side effects.
  
  
  METHODS
  The experience of the authors and data from the literature confirmed the efficacy of type A botulinum toxin treatment for patients with Frey syndrome up to a maximum observation period of 3 years.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the current study, seven patients with severe, symptomatic Frey syndrome after parotidectomy were treated successfully with type A botulinum toxin.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The method of local, intracutaneous treatment with type A botulinum toxin for patients with Frey syndrome is effective, virtually side-effect free, and minimally invasive.
authors.affiliation: Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany. vonlindern@mkgchirurg.de
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: von Lindern
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Niederhagen
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bergé
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hägler
authors.forename: R H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Reich
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007271:Injections, Intradermal; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009465:Neuromuscular Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010307:Parotid Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery; D013547:Sweating, Gustatory / Q000188:drug therapy*
chemical_list: D009465:Neuromuscular Agents; D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A