title: The central role of the P(2T) receptor in amplification of human platelet activation, aggregation, secretion and procoagulant activity.
abstract: Adenosine diphosphate (ADP) is an important platelet agonist and ADP released from platelet dense granules amplifies responses to other agonists. There are three known subtypes of ADP receptor on platelets: P2X(1), P2Y(1) and P(2T) receptors. Sustained ADP-induced aggregation requires co-activation of P2Y(1) and P(2T) receptors. AR-C69931MX, a selective P(2T) receptor antagonist and novel antithrombotic agent, was studied to characterize further the function of the P(2T) receptor. The roles of the P2Y(1) receptor and thromboxane A(2) were assessed using the selective P2Y(1) antagonist A2P5P and aspirin respectively. Aggregation was measured by whole blood single-platelet counting and platelet-rich plasma turbidimetry, using hirudin anticoagulation. Dense granule release was estimated using ([14)C]-5-hydroxytryptamine (HT)-labelled platelets. Ca(2+) mobilization, P-selectin expression, Annexin V binding and microparticle formation were determined by flow cytometry. P(2T) receptor activation amplified ADP-induced aggregation initiated by the P2Y(1) receptor, as well as amplifying aggregation, secretion and procoagulant responses induced by other agonists, including U46619, thrombin receptor-activating peptide (TRAP) and collagen, independent of thromboxane A(2) synthesis, which played a more peripheral role. P(2T) receptor activation sustained elevated cytosolic Ca(2+) induced by other pathways. These studies indicate that the P(2T) receptor plays a central role in amplifying platelet responses and demonstrate the clinical potential of P(2T) receptor antagonists.
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Medicine, University Hospital, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK.
authors.forename: R F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Storey
authors.forename: H M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Sanderson
authors.forename: A E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: White
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: May
authors.forename: K E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Cameron
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Heptinstall
mesh_terms: D019796:15-Hydroxy-11 alpha,9 alpha-(epoxymethano)prosta-5,13-dienoic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D000244:Adenosine Diphosphate / Q000378:metabolism; D000249:Adenosine Monophosphate / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D017304:Annexin A5 / Q000378:metabolism; D001241:Aspirin / Q000494:pharmacology; D001792:Blood Platelets / Q000378:metabolism; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D003094:Collagen / Q000494:pharmacology; D003600:Cytosol / Q000378:metabolism; D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006801:Humans; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D019007:P-Selectin / Q000378:metabolism; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000494:pharmacology; D015539:Platelet Activation / Q000187:drug effects*; D010974:Platelet Aggregation / Q000187:drug effects*; D058919:Purinergic P2 Receptor Antagonists; D018048:Receptors, Purinergic P2 / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D058469:Receptors, Purinergic P2X; D058472:Receptors, Purinergic P2Y1; D058925:Receptors, Purinergic P2Y12; D012701:Serotonin / Q000378:metabolism; D013268:Stimulation, Chemical; D013928:Thromboxane A2 / Q000819:agonists / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D017304:Annexin A5; D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D019007:P-Selectin; C546382:P2RY1 protein, human; C548576:P2RY12 protein, human; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D058919:Purinergic P2 Receptor Antagonists; D018048:Receptors, Purinergic P2; D058469:Receptors, Purinergic P2X; D058472:Receptors, Purinergic P2Y1; D058925:Receptors, Purinergic P2Y12; C082835:thrombin receptor peptide (42-47); D012701:Serotonin; D000249:Adenosine Monophosphate; D013928:Thromboxane A2; D000244:Adenosine Diphosphate; C117446:cangrelor; D019796:15-Hydroxy-11 alpha,9 alpha-(epoxymethano)prosta-5,13-dienoic Acid; D003094:Collagen; D001241:Aspirin; D002118:Calcium