title: Olive phenol hydroxytyrosol prevents passive smoking-induced oxidative stress.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Oxidative stress is involved in the onset of several degenerative disorders, and epidemiological studies indicate that a high intake of dietary antioxidants, as in the case of the Mediterranean basin, is protective. Olive mill waste waters (OMWWs) are a byproduct of olive oil production rich in phenolic antioxidants, such as hydroxytyrosol. We tested the effects of a low dose of an OMWW extract in a model of sidestream smoke-induced oxidative stress in rats by evaluating the urinary excretion of 8-iso-prostaglandin (PG) F(2alpha) (iPF(2alpha)-III).
  
  
  RESULTS
  An OMWW extract (5 mg/kg, providing 414 microg/kg of hydroxytyrosol) was administered to rats daily for 4 days, during which time the animals were exposed to sidestream smoke for 20 minutes once a day. Daily urines were collected, and the urinary excretion of 8-iso-PGF(2alpha) was evaluated as an index of oxidative stress-induced in vivo lipid peroxidation. The exposure of rats to passive smoking increased the urinary excretion of 8-iso-PGF(2alpha) by 44+/-4.2% at 48 hours and by 55+/-10% at 96 hours. Treatment with the OMWW extract was able to completely prevent the increase at 48 hours and resulted in lower increments (34+/-18% versus 55+/-10%) of 8-iso-PGF(2alpha) excretion at 96 hours.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A low dose of hydroxytyrosol, administered through OMWW, reduces the consequences of sidestream smoke-induced oxidative stress in rats.
authors.affiliation: University of Milan, Institute of Pharmacological Sciences, Milan, Italy. francesco.visioli@unimi.it
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Visioli
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Galli
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Plasmati
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Viappiani
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hernandez
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Colombo
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sala
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003404:Creatinine / Q000652:urine; D015237:Dinoprost / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000652:urine; D028441:F2-Isoprostanes; D019570:Inhalation Exposure; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D010626:Phenylethyl Alcohol / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution / Q000009:adverse effects*; D014197:Trees / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D028441:F2-Isoprostanes; D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution; C005975:3,4-dihydroxyphenylethanol; C075750:8-epi-prostaglandin F2alpha; D003404:Creatinine; D015237:Dinoprost; D010626:Phenylethyl Alcohol