title: Acute endothelin-A receptor antagonism prevents normal reduction of myocardial ischemia on repeated balloon inflations during angioplasty.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Myocardial ischemia and reperfusion are associated with increased production of endothelin (ET)-1.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We examined the effects of BQ-123, a selective ET(A) receptor antagonist, in 80 patients. All patients were randomly allocated to an intracoronary infusion of saline or BQ-123 (6 micromol/L over 20 minutes). The reference group consisted of 20 patients undergoing coronary angiography. BQ-123 produced a 10% (P:<0.005) increase in distal coronary artery diameter. The main study group consisted of 30 patients undergoing coronary angioplasty. All patients underwent a minimum of 3 balloon inflations (BIs). Surface and intracoronary electrocardiographic ST-segment shift as well as pain score were recorded at the end of each BI. BQ-123 or saline was given by intracoronary infusion between the second and the third BI in random allocation. In the saline group, intracoronary ST-elevation decreased from 1.26+/-0.55 mV during the first BI to 0.77+/-0.56 mV during the third BI (P:<0.05) and the surface ST elevation decreased from 0.20+/-0.15 to 0.10+/-0.07 mV (P:<0.05). In the BQ-123 group, the respective values were 1.22+/-0.48 mV and 1.13+/-0.62 mV (intracoronary) and 0.17+/-0.18 and 0.17+/-0.21 mV (surface) (both P:=NS). The decrease in pain score was significantly higher in the saline group (F:=5.97, P:=0.004). In 30 patients (collateral circulation group), the angioplasty protocol was repeated with the use of a pressure guide wire. BQ-123 produced a significant (F:=3.30, P:=0.04) decrease in coronary wedge pressure.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Acute ET(A) receptor antagonism prevents the normal reduction of myocardial ischemia on repeated BIs during angioplasty. This may be explained by a "steal" effect through coronary collaterals.
authors.affiliation: Second Department of Cardiology, Onassis Cardiac Surgery Center, Athens, Greece. zskyr@otenet.gr
authors.forename: Z S
authors.initials: ZS
authors.lastname: Kyriakides
authors.forename: D T
authors.initials: DT
authors.lastname: Kremastinos
authors.forename: T M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Kolettis
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tasouli
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Antoniadis
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Webb
mesh_terms: D015906:Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D003097:Collateral Circulation / Q000187:drug effects; D017023:Coronary Angiography; D003331:Coronary Vessels / Q000187:drug effects; D004562:Electrocardiography / Q000379:methods; D065128:Endothelin Receptor Antagonists; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D007261:Infusions, Intra-Arterial; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017202:Myocardial Ischemia / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000601:surgery; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000187:drug effects; D010456:Peptides, Cyclic / Q000494:pharmacology*; D044022:Receptor, Endothelin A; D017466:Receptors, Endothelin / Q000378:metabolism; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D065128:Endothelin Receptor Antagonists; D010456:Peptides, Cyclic; D044022:Receptor, Endothelin A; D017466:Receptors, Endothelin; C072247:cyclo(Trp-Asp-Pro-Val-Leu)