title: Long-term hydroxyurea in combination with didanosine and stavudine for the treatment of HIV-1 infection. Swiss HIV Cohort Study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In 1998 we reported on a randomized comparison between stavudine plus didanosine plus placebo versus stavudine plus didanosine plus hydroxyurea (HU), in patients with a CD4 count of 200-500 x 10(6) cells/l. After 3 months, the HU group had a higher proportion of patients with viral load < 200 x 10 cells/l. At the end of the 3 months blinded period, patients in the placebo group had the option to add HU if their viral load remained > 200 x 10(6) cells/l. We report results after 24 months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seventy-two patients were randomized to the HU arm, and a further 30 elected to add HU after 12 weeks. Twenty-four months after the start of the trial, only 25% of the 72 patients originally randomized to HU, and 20% of the 30 who added HU after week 12, were still taking it. The reasons for stopping HU were: lack of efficacy (45%), adverse events (37%) and patient or physician preference (18%). Side effects were more frequent in the didanosine/stavudine/HU group than in the didanosine/stavudine group: neuropathy (35 versus 15%, P< 0.02), fatigue (22 versus 7%, P< 0.01), and nausea or vomiting (26 versus 9%, P< 0.01). Of those who had discontinued HU, 73% were taking three drugs including a protease inhibitor. Patients who had started HU were compared with similar patients who had started protease inhibitors in the Swiss cohort. The probability of stopping HU was higher than the probability of stopping nelfinavir or indinavir, and similar to the probability of stopping ritonavir.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  HU increased the antiviral effect of stavudine plus didanosine. However, side effects were more frequent, and after 24 months the majority of patients had switched to protease inhibitor regimens.
authors.affiliation: University Hospital Geneva, Switzerland.
authors.forename: O T
authors.initials: OT
authors.lastname: Rutschmann
authors.forename: P L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Vernazza
authors.forename: H C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Bucher
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Opravil
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ledergerber
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Telenti
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Malinverni
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bernasconi
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Fagard
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Leduc
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Perrin
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hirschel
mesh_terms: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003967:Diarrhea / Q000139:chemically induced; D016049:Didanosine / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy*; D015497:HIV-1; D006801:Humans; D006918:Hydroxyurea / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D009325:Nausea / Q000139:chemically induced; D010523:Peripheral Nervous System Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced; D018119:Stavudine / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D018119:Stavudine; D016049:Didanosine; D006918:Hydroxyurea