title: Daily CT planning during boost irradiation of prostate cancer. Feasibility and time requirements.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In the irradiation of prostate cancer internal organ movement leads to uncertainties in the daily localization of the clinical target volume. Therefore more or less large safety margins are added when designing the treatment portals. With daily CT planning internal organ movement can be compensated to some extent, safety margins can be reduced and irradiated normal tissue can be spared. The feasibility of daily CT-based 3D treatment planning is studied in a patient with localized prostate carcinoma using a new patient positioning system.
  
  
  METHODS
  Daily CT planning was applied during boost irradiation of a patient with prostate cancer: After patient immobilization the pelvis was scanned in 3 mm CT slices. Planning was done with the BrainSCAN planning system for stereotactic body irradiation. The prostate was contoured in all slices and the safety margins of the micromultileafs were automatically set to the distance chosen by the physician (0.8 cm). Patient positioning was done with the BrainLAB ExacTrac positioning system on the basis of skin attached stereotactic body markers. Before each treatment verification images of the isocenter were taken.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The total time requirement for planning and irradiation was about 1 hour 15 minutes. Patient positioning on the treatment couch took about 10 minutes. The accuracy of the positioning system was good (75% of the deviations were smaller than 3 mm). The shift of the single markers from CT scan to CT scan was more extensive than those of the center of all 7 markers combined (47% of the deviations were smaller than 3 mm). The location of the markers seems to influence the magnitude of their dislocation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Daily CT planning is feasible but time consuming. The new patient positioning system ExacTrac is an interesting tool especially for daily CT planning since conventional simulation can be omitted.
authors.affiliation: Klinik und Poliklinik für Strahlentherapie und Radiologische Onkologie, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München. Hans.Geinitz@lrz.tu-muenchen.de
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Geinitz
authors.forename: F B
authors.initials: FB
authors.lastname: Zimmermann
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kuzmany
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kneschaurek
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008297:Male; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D011880:Radiotherapy Planning, Computer-Assisted; D013996:Time and Motion Studies; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed