title: Paraparesis, hypermanganesaemia, and polycythaemia: a novel presentation of cirrhosis.
abstract: Progressive myelopathy is a rare complication of chronic hepatic disease which has never been reported in the paediatric age group. We describe the 11 year course of an adolescent male with hepatic myelopathy caused by cryptogenic micronodular cirrhosis. His condition has been associated with persistent polycythaemia and extraordinary increases of whole blood manganese, with magnetic resonance imaging evidence of manganese deposition within the basal ganglia and other regions of the brain. The patient has developed neither liver failure nor parkinsonism. The pathophysiological bases of this multiorgan system disorder are described.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Neurology, Pediatrics, Radiology, Nutrition, and Internal Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, USA. sgospe@u.washington.edu
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Gospe
authors.forename: R D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Caruso
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Clegg
authors.forename: C L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Keen
authors.forename: N R
authors.initials: NR
authors.lastname: Pimstone
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Ducore
authors.forename: S S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Gettner
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Kreutzer
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002908:Chronic Disease; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008103:Liver Cirrhosis / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications*; D008297:Male; D008345:Manganese / Q000097:blood*; D020336:Paraparesis, Spastic / Q000209:etiology*; D011086:Polycythemia / Q000209:etiology*
chemical_list: D008345:Manganese