title: Issues associated with the identification of cognitive change following coronary artery bypass grafting.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) is a surgical procedure used to treat individuals with ischaemic heart disease and to relieve angina. Disruption to the central nervous system (CNS) has frequently been reported by patients who have undergone CABG.
  
  
  METHODS
  The following paper is a review of the literature that has examined the effects of CABG on the CNS.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It becomes apparent that issues about the incidence and severity of post-CABG cognitive decline are still unresolved. First, the cause of post-CABG CNS change has not yet been established, although the presence of changes to brain microvasculature as a result of the presence of microemboli appears to be a likely factor. Second, while some studies have reported high rates of poor performance on neuropsychological tests postoperatively, these reports are often subject to confounds such as variability in postoperative testing intervals, the definition of decline and the neuropsychological test batteries used. Finally, improvements in surgical techniques and changes in patient characteristics may have changed the real nature and prevalence of post-CABG cognitive decline. The review finishes with a series of recommendations for the neuropsychological study of CABG.
authors.affiliation: School of Psychological Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Symes
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Maruff
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ajani
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Currie
mesh_terms: D002315:Cardiopulmonary Bypass / Q000009:adverse effects; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology*; D015986:Confounding Factors, Epidemiologic; D001026:Coronary Artery Bypass / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D020925:Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain / Q000150:complications* / Q000209:etiology; D015994:Incidence; D020766:Intracranial Embolism / Q000150:complications* / Q000209:etiology; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013997:Time Factors