title: Parameters associated with perioperative baffle fenestration closure in the Fontan operation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To identify clinical parameters indicating perioperative fenestration closure in children who underwent the fenestrated Fontan operation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective.
  
  
  METHODS
  Single children's hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients who underwent a fenestrated Fontan operation in 1996 through 1997 (n = 101).
  
  
  METHODS
  A fenestrated Fontan operation was performed in children with single-ventricle physiology.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Early perioperative closure of the fenestration occurred in 14 patients (group 1), whereas the fenestration remained patent in 87 patients (group 2). The groups were compared by the following parameters: demographics, cardiac catheterization and ultrasound data, and use of aspirin or warfarin preoperatively and intraoperatively by assessing the composition of the cardiopulmonary bypass solution, use of ultrafiltration and antifibrinolytics, protamine dose, last hematocrit on cardiopulmonary bypass, and requirement of blood products. Immediately postoperatively in the intensive care unit (ICU), cardiac filling pressures (central venous and left atrial pressure), coagulation profile, cardiac rhythm, chest tube drainage, length of stay in the ICU, and use of atrial pacing were reviewed. Significant indicators of early fenestration closure in this study as determined by multivariate stepwise logistic regression were a high transpulmonary pressure gradient (p = 0.015) and a higher oxygen saturation (p = 0.001) 1 hour after arrival in the ICU, a low fibrinogen level (p < 0.0001), and the need for temporary atrial pacing (p = 0.029). The fenestration was reopened in 13 patients in group 1. In 101 patients, there was no early mortality, and all patients survived to discharge.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Factors that correlated with postoperative fenestration closure in the fenestrated Fontan operation in this study were a high transpulmonary pressure gradient and a high oxygen saturation 1 hour after arrival in the ICU, a low fibrinogen level, and the need for temporary atrial pacing.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesia, Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Casta
authors.forename: E M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Gruber
authors.forename: P C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Laussen
authors.forename: F X
authors.initials: FX
authors.lastname: McGowan
authors.forename: K C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Odegard
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zurakowski
authors.forename: D D
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Hansen
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D005340:Fibrinogen / Q000032:analysis; D018729:Fontan Procedure; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood; D012189:Retrospective Studies
chemical_list: D005340:Fibrinogen; D010100:Oxygen