title: Nitric oxide and atrial natriuretic factor stimulate cGMP-dependent membrane insertion of aquaporin 2 in renal epithelial cells.
abstract: In collecting duct principal cells, aquaporin 2 (AQP2) is shuttled from intracellular vesicles to the plasma membrane upon vasopressin (VP) stimulation. VP activates adenylyl cyclase, increases intracellular cAMP, activating protein kinase A (PKA) to phosphorylate AQP2 on the COOH-terminal residue, serine 256. Using rat kidney slices and LLC-PK1 cells stably expressing AQP2 (LLC-AQP2 cells), we now show that AQP2 trafficking can be stimulated by cAMP-independent pathways. In these systems, the nitric oxide (NO) donors sodium nitroprusside (SNP) and NONOate and the NO synthase substrate L-arginine mimicked the effect of VP, stimulating relocation of AQP2 from cytoplasmic vesicles to the plasma membrane. Unlike VP, these other agents did not increase intracellular cAMP. However, SNP increased intracellular cGMP, and exogenous cGMP stimulated AQP2-membrane insertion. Atrial natriuretic factor, which signals via cGMP, also stimulated AQP2 translocation. The VP and SNP effects were blocked by the kinase inhibitor H89. SNP did not stimulate membrane insertion of AQP2 in LLC-PK1 cells expressing the phosphorylation-deficient mutant 256SerAla-AQP2, indicating that phosphorylation of Ser256 is required for signaling. Both PKA and cGMP-dependent protein kinase G phosphorylated AQP2 on this COOH-terminal residue in vitro. These results demonstrate a novel, cAMP-independent and cGMP-dependent pathway for AQP2 membrane insertion in renal epithelial cells.
authors.affiliation: Program in Membrane Biology and Renal Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, USA.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bouley
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Breton
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: McLaughlin
authors.forename: N N
authors.initials: NN
authors.lastname: Nsumu
authors.forename: H Y
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Ausiello
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Brown
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D051399:Aquaporin 2; D051403:Aquaporin 6; D020346:Aquaporins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D009320:Atrial Natriuretic Factor / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D000242:Cyclic AMP / Q000378:metabolism; D006152:Cyclic GMP / Q000378:metabolism*; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D015870:Gene Expression; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D018374:LLC-PK1 Cells; D008297:Male; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism*; D020030:Nitric Oxide Donors / Q000494:pharmacology; D009599:Nitroprusside / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D013552:Swine; D014667:Vasopressins / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: C496025:Aqp2 protein, rat; D051399:Aquaporin 2; D051403:Aquaporin 6; D020346:Aquaporins; D020030:Nitric Oxide Donors; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D014667:Vasopressins; D009599:Nitroprusside; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D009320:Atrial Natriuretic Factor; D000242:Cyclic AMP; D006152:Cyclic GMP