title: Increased upstream methylation has no influence on the overexpression of the parathyroid hormone-related protein gene in squamous cell carcinoma of the lung.
abstract: Humoral hypercalcaemia of malignancy (HHM) commonly results from the excessive production of a parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) by tumours. We have previously shown malignancy is associated with increased DNA methylation in the 5' region of the PTHrP gene. In a series of patients with lung carcinoma and relatively high serum calcium levels, 3 patients showed substantially increased PTHrP gene methylation while 5 patients showed no change in methylation status in this region. Patients showed marked tumour-specific expression of PTHrP through the P1 and P3 promoters with more general tumour and non-tumour expression through the P2 promoter. The lack of potential key regulatory CpG sites in the P1 promoter and the complete demethylation in the P2 and P3 promoters suggests methylation does not influence tumour-specific expression of PTHrP. Although demethylation may be a prerequisite for P2 and P3 expression, the overexpression of the PTHrP gene in cancer cells must be mediated through mechanisms other than DNA methylation.
authors.affiliation: University Geriatric Medicine, Mailpoint 807, Level E, Centre Block, Southampton General Hospital, Tremona Road, SO16 6YD, Southampton, UK. rhg@soton.ac.uk
authors.forename: R H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Ganderton
authors.forename: R S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Briggs
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D019175:DNA Methylation; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D044162:Parathyroid Hormone-Related Protein; D011506:Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D012334:RNA, Neoplasm / Q000378:metabolism; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D004273:DNA, Neoplasm; C470121:PTHLH protein, human; D044162:Parathyroid Hormone-Related Protein; D011506:Proteins; D012334:RNA, Neoplasm