title: Two nuclear localization signals are required for nuclear translocation of nuclear factor 1-A.
abstract: Nuclear factor 1 (NF1) proteins are encoded by at least four genes (NF1-A, B, C, X). Although DNA-binding and the transcription regulation domains of these proteins are well characterized, the nuclear localization signals (NLSs) are still unknown in all NF1s. We have identified two NLSs in NF1-A, and both are required for full translocation to the nucleus, although one of them itself has a partial translocation ability. These two NLSs are conserved in all four NF1s. Interestingly, three isoforms of NF1-A (NF1-A1, A2, A4) have two NLSs and translocate completely to the nucleus. In contrast, NF1-A3 lacks the second NLS and partially stays in the cytoplasm. Since NF1s construct homodimer and heterodimer, these findings indicate the differential regulations of the NF1 translocation.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Environmental Biochemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan. imagawa@phar.nagoya-cu.ac.jp
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Imagawa
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sakaue
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tanabe
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Osada
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nishihara
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000596:Amino Acids / Q000378:metabolism; D022762:CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000378:metabolism*; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D005091:Exons; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D008164:Luminescent Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D051839:NFI Transcription Factors; D019913:Nuclear Localization Signals / Q000502:physiology*; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D010455:Peptides / Q000378:metabolism; D021381:Protein Transport; D014157:Transcription Factors; D014162:Transfection; D051840:Y-Box-Binding Protein 1
chemical_list: D000596:Amino Acids; D022762:CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D008164:Luminescent Proteins; D051839:NFI Transcription Factors; D019913:Nuclear Localization Signals; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D010455:Peptides; D014157:Transcription Factors; D051840:Y-Box-Binding Protein 1; C070856:YBX1 protein, human; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins