title: Time to clinical response: an outcome of antibiotic therapy of febrile neutropenia with implications for quality and cost of care.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether antibiotic regimens with similar rates of response differ significantly in the speed of response and to estimate the impact of this difference on the cost of febrile neutropenia.
  
  
  METHODS
  The time point of clinical response was defined by comparing the sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values of alternative objective and subjective definitions. Data from 488 episodes of febrile neutropenia, treated with either of two commonly used antibiotics (coded A or B) during six clinical trials, were pooled to compare the median time to clinical response, days of antibiotic therapy and hospitalization, and estimated costs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Response rates were similar; however, the median time to clinical response was significantly shorter with A-based regimens (5 days) compared with B-based regimens (7 days; P =.003). After 72 hours of therapy, 33% of patients who received A but only 18% of those who received B had responded (P =.01). These differences resulted in fewer days of antibiotic therapy and hospitalization with A-based regimens (7 and 9 days) compared with B-based regimens (9 and 12 days, respectively; P <.04) and in significantly lower estimated median costs ($8,491 v $11,133 per episode; P =.03). Early discharge at the time of clinical response should reduce the median cost from $10,752 to $8,162 (P <.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Despite virtually identical rates of response, time to clinical response and estimated cost of care varied significantly among regimens. An early discharge strategy based on our definition of the time point of clinical response may further reduce the cost of treating non-low-risk patients with febrile neutropenia.
authors.affiliation: The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA. lelting@mdanderson.org
authors.forename: L S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Elting
authors.forename: E B
authors.initials: EB
authors.lastname: Rubenstein
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Rolston
authors.forename: S B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Cantor
authors.forename: C G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kurtin
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rodriguez
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Lam
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kanesan
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bodey
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000191:economics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D005334:Fever / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000191:economics / Q000209:etiology; D016905:Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000191:economics / Q000209:etiology; D016908:Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000191:economics / Q000209:etiology; D017048:Health Care Costs; D006801:Humans; D007902:Length of Stay / Q000191:economics; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009503:Neutropenia / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000191:economics; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011787:Quality of Health Care; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents