title: Effect of a cellulose acetate phthalate topical cream on vaginal transmission of simian immunodeficiency virus in rhesus monkeys.
abstract: Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection continues to spread in developing countries, mostly through heterosexual transmission. The development of a safe and cost-effective topical microbicide, effective against a range of STDs including HIV-1, would greatly impact the ongoing epidemic. When formulated in a vehicle, a micronized form of cellulose acetate phthalate (CAP), which is an inactive pharmaceutical excipient, has been shown to inactivate HIV-1, herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2, cytomegalovirus, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Trichomonas vaginalis, Haemophilus ducreyi, and Chlamydia trachomatis in vitro. Formulated CAP was also shown to be effective against herpes simplex virus type 2 in vivo. Here we show that a formulation of CAP protected four of six rhesus monkeys from vaginal infection with simian immunodeficiency virus. Thus, CAP may be a candidate for use as a topical microbicide for preventing HIV-1 infection in humans.
authors.affiliation: Primedica Corporation, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA.
authors.forename: K H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Manson
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Wyand
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Neurath
mesh_terms: D000287:Administration, Topical; D000818:Animals; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002482:Cellulose / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D018562:Disease Transmission, Infectious / Q000517:prevention & control; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000635:transmission; D006801:Humans; D008253:Macaca mulatta; D016097:Simian Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000635:transmission / Q000821:virology; D015302:Simian Immunodeficiency Virus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D014622:Vaginal Creams, Foams, and Jellies
chemical_list: D000998:Antiviral Agents; D014622:Vaginal Creams, Foams, and Jellies; D002482:Cellulose; C011708:cellulose acetate phthalate