title: Endothelin receptor antagonism does not prevent the development of in vivo glyceryl trinitrate tolerance in the rat.
abstract: There is evidence that increased endothelial production of endothelin-1 (ET-1) may contribute to glyceryl trinitrate (GTN) tolerance. We used the competitive ET(A) receptor antagonist ZD2574 to determine whether chronic ET(A) receptor blockade affected the biochemical and functional responses to GTN during the development of GTN tolerance in vivo. Tolerance induced using transdermal GTN patches resulted in a 5.3 +/- 1.2-fold increase in the EC(50) value for GTN relaxation in isolated aorta from GTN-tolerant rats. Coadministration of ZD2574 (100 mg kg(-1) t.i.d. for 3 days) during tolerance induction had no effect on GTN-induced relaxation. This dose of ZD2574 markedly blunted the pressor response to ET-1, indicating effective blockade of ET(A) receptors, and also abolished the initial transient depressor response to ET-1, indicating that blockade of endothelial ET(B) receptors also occurred using this dosage regimen for ZD2574. Consistent with the relaxation data, coadministration of ZD2574 had no effect on the decrease in GTN-induced cGMP accumulation or on the decrease in GTN biotransformation that occurred in aortae from GTN-tolerant animals. Radioimmunoassay data indicated that the GTN tolerance induction protocol caused a 2.3 +/- 0.4-fold and a 2.2 +/- 0.5-fold increase in total tissue ET-1 levels in tolerant aorta and vena cava, respectively. These data suggest that chronic inhibition of ET receptors by ZD2574 was not sufficient to prevent or diminish the tolerance-inducing effects of GTN, and that the increase in ET-1 levels observed in tolerant tissues may occur as a consequence of the vascular changes that occur during chronic GTN exposure.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Ratz
authors.forename: A B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Fraser
authors.forename: K J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Rees-Milton
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Adams
authors.forename: B M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Bennett
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001013:Aorta, Thoracic / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D001667:Binding, Competitive; D001711:Biotransformation; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D006152:Cyclic GMP / Q000378:metabolism; D004361:Drug Tolerance / Q000502:physiology; D065128:Endothelin Receptor Antagonists; D019332:Endothelin-1 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008297:Male; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000187:drug effects; D009126:Muscle Relaxation / Q000187:drug effects; D005996:Nitroglycerin / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011719:Pyrazines / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D044022:Receptor, Endothelin A; D017466:Receptors, Endothelin / Q000378:metabolism; D013449:Sulfonamides / Q000494:pharmacology; D014665:Vasodilator Agents / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D065128:Endothelin Receptor Antagonists; D019332:Endothelin-1; D011719:Pyrazines; D044022:Receptor, Endothelin A; D017466:Receptors, Endothelin; D013449:Sulfonamides; D014665:Vasodilator Agents; C415840:ZD 2574; D005996:Nitroglycerin; D006152:Cyclic GMP