title: Impaired cerebral mitochondrial function after traumatic brain injury in humans.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Oxygen supply to the brain is often insufficient after traumatic brain injury (TBI), and this results in decreased energy production (adenosine triphosphate [ATP]) with consequent neuronal cell death. It is obviously important to restore oxygen delivery after TBI; however, increasing oxygen delivery alone may not improve ATP production if the patient's mitochondria (the source of ATP) are impaired. Traumatic brain injury has been shown to impair mitochondrial function in animals; however, no human studies have been previously reported.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using tissue fractionation procedures, living mitochondria derived from therapeutically removed brain tissue were analyzed in 16 patients with head injury (Glasgow Coma Scale Scores 3-14) and two patients without head injury. Results revealed that in head-injured patients mitochondrial function was impaired, with subsequent decreased ATP production.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Decreased oxygen metabolism due to mitochondrial dysfunction must be taken into account when clinically defining ischemia and interpreting oxygen measurements such as jugular venous oxygen saturation, arteriovenous difference in oxygen content, direct tissue oxygen tension, and cerebral blood oxygen content determined using near-infrared spectroscopy. Restoring mitochondrial function might be as important as maintaining oxygen delivery.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, University of California at Davis Medical Center, Sacramento 95817, USA.
authors.forename: B H
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Verweij
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Muizelaar
authors.forename: F C
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Vinas
authors.forename: P L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Peterson
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xiong
authors.forename: C P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001692:Biological Transport / Q000502:physiology; D001921:Brain / Q000098:blood supply / Q000378:metabolism; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D002458:Cell Fractionation; D019069:Cell Respiration / Q000502:physiology; D002560:Cerebrovascular Circulation / Q000502:physiology; D004734:Energy Metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000378:metabolism*; D010085:Oxidative Phosphorylation; D010100:Oxygen / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D010100:Oxygen; D002118:Calcium