title: Ultrafiltration with icodextrins in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis and automated peritoneal dialysis.
abstract: Icodextrins (Icos) produce constant linear ultrafiltration (UF). This effect allows Icos to replace glucose during long dwells in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis [CAPD (nighttime)] and automated peritoneal dialysis [APD (daytime)]. However, the effectiveness of Icos in producing UF (IcoUF) is limited by lymphatic reabsorption, whose extent depends partly on posture and physical activity. This paper aims to assess whether the difference in posture and physical activity between daytime dwells in APD and nighttime dwells in CAPD affects IcoUF. Patients undergoing first treatment were retrospectively examined. Ten patients were on CAPD [4 males, 6 females; average age, 73.0 +/- 13.4 years; body surface area (BSA), 1.63 +/- 0.21 m2; total volume per day, 5.6 +/- 1.9 L], and ten were on APD (7 males, 3 females; average age, 67.7 +/- 9.8; BSA, 1.75 +/- 0.22 m2; total volume per night, 10.5 +/- 0.9 L). Ultrafiltration was assessed for seven consecutive days preceding a peritoneal equilibration test (PET) and collection of diuresis. In both groups, 3 patients had no diuresis, and the difference between CAPD and APD was not significant (625 +/- 762 mL vs 780 +/- 878 mL). Moreover, no significant difference was seen in 4-hour dialysate-to-plasma creatinine (D/P) between CAPD (0.65 +/- 0.12) and APD (0.64 +/- 0.05). Dwell times with Icos were shorter in CAPD than in APD (11.5 +/- 1.8 hours vs 14.8 +/- 0.5 hours, p < 0.0005), but the fill volume was not significantly different (1760 +/- 286 mL vs 1790 +/- 249 mL). Water excretion owing to diuresis and dialysis [total water excretion (TWE): 1619 +/- 497 mL CAPD vs 1762 +/- 736 mL APD] and dialytic UF (363 +/- 443 mL CAPD vs 748 +/- 479 mL APD), which is not linked to Icos, were not significantly different between the two groups. The IcoUF and the percentage of IcoUF to TWE were significantly higher in CAPD compared to APD [631 +/- 253 mL (44% +/- 27%) vs 234 +/- 215 mL (19% +/- 19%), p < 0.001 (p < 0.05)]. In conclusion, an upright posture and physical activity seem to produce less IcoUF in APD despite the longer dwell. These factors could, indeed, produce greater intraperitoneal pressure, resulting in increased lymphatic reabsorption during a daytime dwell.
authors.affiliation: Nephrology and Dialysis Service, San Lazzaro Hospital, Alba, Italy.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Neri
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Viglino
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cappelletti
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gandolfo
authors.forename: P L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Cavalli
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D003404:Creatinine / Q000378:metabolism; D015314:Dialysis Solutions; D004231:Diuresis; D015444:Exercise; D005260:Female; D005936:Glucans; D005947:Glucose; D006801:Humans; D000077607:Icodextrin; D008297:Male; D010530:Peritoneal Dialysis; D010531:Peritoneal Dialysis, Continuous Ambulatory; D010537:Peritoneum / Q000378:metabolism; D011187:Posture; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014462:Ultrafiltration
chemical_list: D015314:Dialysis Solutions; D005936:Glucans; D000077607:Icodextrin; D003404:Creatinine; D005947:Glucose