title: Overview of evolving strategies incorporating prostate-specific membrane antigen as target for therapy.
abstract: Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is a potential target in prostate cancer patients because it is very highly expressed and because it has been reported to be upregulated by androgen deprivation. This overview addresses the expression of the PSMA gene in terms of the promoter and enhancer and how that may play a role in gene therapy. We also review PSMA as a target for antibodies for imaging and treatment and the development of a novel hybrid T-cell receptor that combines the specificity of anti-PSMA antibodies with that of T-cell receptor activation when introduced into primary lymphocytes by retroviral-mediated gene transfer. We also discuss our recent findings on the expression of a PSMA-like gene and how that understanding allows specific targeting of PSMA.
authors.affiliation: Urology Department, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA.
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Gong
authors.forename: S S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Watt
authors.forename: D S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: O'Keefe
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Bacich
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Uchida
authors.forename: N H
authors.initials: NH
authors.lastname: Bander
authors.forename: V E
authors.initials: VE
authors.lastname: Reuter
authors.forename: P B
authors.initials: PB
authors.lastname: Gaudin
authors.forename: P L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Molloy
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sadelian
authors.forename: W D
authors.initials: WD
authors.lastname: Heston
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000912:Antibodies, Neoplasm / Q000276:immunology; D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D000954:Antigens, Surface / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D002268:Carboxypeptidases / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D004742:Enhancer Elements, Genetic; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D015316:Genetic Therapy; D043425:Glutamate Carboxypeptidase II; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011355:Prodrugs / Q000378:metabolism; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000098:blood supply / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics / Q000628:therapy*; D011948:Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell / Q000276:immunology; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D000912:Antibodies, Neoplasm; D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm; D000954:Antigens, Surface; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D011355:Prodrugs; D011948:Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell; D002268:Carboxypeptidases; C473848:FOLH1 protein, human; D043425:Glutamate Carboxypeptidase II