title: Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor improves function of neutrophils from patients with acute liver failure.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the in vitro effects of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) on function of neutrophils in acute liver failure (ALF).
  
  
  METHODS
  Neutrophil functions (superoxide and hydrogen peroxide production; phagocytosis and killing; complement receptor expression) were determined simultaneously in 23 patients with ALF due to paracetamol overdose and compared with 23 healthy control subjects.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Phagocytosis was reduced in neutrophils from ALF patients compared to controls (P< 0.005) and was significantly increased by incubation with 1,000 or 5,000 IU/ ml G-CSF (P< 0.05). This correlated with increased expression of CD11b (r= 0.93) and CD18 (r= 0.98) after incubation with 5,000 IU/ml G-CSF (P< 0.05). Killing was reduced in ALF neutrophils compared to controls (P< 0.005) and was similarly restored by G-CSF (P< 0.005). An increase in killing correlated with increases in production of superoxide (r = 0.96) and hydrogen peroxide (r= 0.97) by ALF neutrophils after incubation with 1,000 and 5,000 IU/ml of G-CSF when formylmethionylleucylphenylalanine (fMLP) was the stimulant. G-CSF at 5,000 IU/ml increased the production of hydrogen peroxide (P< 0.01) when zymosan was the stimulant.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  G-CSF improves the neutrophil dysfunction of ALF.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Liver Studies, King's College School of Medicine & Dentistry, London, UK.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Rolando
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Clapperton
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wade
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Panetsos
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Mufti
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Williams
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000378:metabolism; D017114:Liver Failure, Acute / Q000276:immunology / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D010587:Phagocytosis / Q000502:physiology; D012720:Severity of Illness Index
chemical_list: D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide