title: The effect of pseudomonas exotoxin A on cytokine production in whole blood exposed to Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
abstract: To determine the effect of Pseudomonas aeruginosa exotoxin A (P-ExA) on cytokine production, we studied cytokine release induced by heat-killed P. aeruginosa (HKPA) in human whole blood in the presence or absence of P-ExA. P-ExA (0.01-1 microgram ml(-1)) caused a dose-dependent decrease in HKPA-induced production of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF), interleukin (IL-) 10, IL-6 and IL-8 (all P<0.05). P-ExA-induced inhibition of IL-10, IL-6 and IL-8 release was not dependent on reduced TNF concentrations, since the relative attenuation of the production of these cytokines was similar in the presence or absence of a neutralizing anti-TNF antibody. The effect of P-ExA on cytokine production may offer a disadvantage to the host with respect to clearance of the infection.
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Diseases, Tropical Medicine and AIDS, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands. m.j.schultz@amc.uva.nl
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Schultz
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Speelman
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Zaat
authors.forename: C E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Hack
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: van Deventer
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: van der Poll
mesh_terms: D036002:ADP Ribose Transferases; D001427:Bacterial Toxins / Q000276:immunology* / Q000494:pharmacology; D002470:Cell Survival; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000097:blood*; D005098:Exotoxins / Q000276:immunology* / Q000494:pharmacology; D006358:Hot Temperature; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000097:blood; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000097:blood; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000097:blood; D011552:Pseudomonas Infections / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D011550:Pseudomonas aeruginosa / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000096:biosynthesis; D014774:Virulence; D037521:Virulence Factors; D000097668:Pseudomonas aeruginosa Exotoxin A
chemical_list: D036002:ADP Ribose Transferases; D001427:Bacterial Toxins; D016207:Cytokines; D005098:Exotoxins; D016753:Interleukin-10; D015850:Interleukin-6; D016209:Interleukin-8; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D037521:Virulence Factors; D000097668:Pseudomonas aeruginosa Exotoxin A