Methionine imbalance and toxicity in calves.
The occurrence of methionine imbalance and toxicity was examined using 70- and 100-kg Holstein bull calves. The animals had been trained to maintain reflex closure of the reticular groove after weaning at 5 wk of age, and Trials 1 (n = 30) and 2 (n = 24) were conducted on animals at 7 and 12 wk of age, respectively. Calves received a corn-soybean meal diet in Trial 1 and a corn-corn gluten meal diet in Trial 2. In Trial 1, postruminal administration of 6 g of DL-methionine/d increased ADG, feed intake, gain/feed, and N retention compared with a control group receiving N-free supplement. However, the administration of 12 g of DL-methionine/d did not improve these variables, whereas both 18 and 24 g/d resulted in BW loss and decreased gain/feed and N utilization efficiency. In Trial 2, postruminal administration of 16 g/d of L-lysine from L-lysine monohydrochloride increased ADG, gain/feed, and N utilization efficiency compared with a control group receiving a N-free supplement. The administration of 8 g of DL-methionine/d in addition to L-lysine did not exert an adverse effect on these variables. However, the additional supplementation of 16 and 24 g of DLmethionine/d negated the improvement, whereas 32 g/d resulted in BW loss and decreased gain/feed and N utilization efficiency. These results showed that a methionine imbalance and toxicity occurred in calves with even a modest excess of DL-methionine, and 70-kg calves were more susceptible to methionine toxicity than 100-kg calves. Plasma concentrations of branched-chain amino acids and phenylalanine linearly decreased with increasing amounts of additional DL-methionine from 0 to 32 g/d in Trial 2. However, such a decrease occurred mainly within the range from 0 to 12 g/d in Trial 1. This decrease was suggested to occur in relation to methionine metabolism via the transsulfuration pathway.
Abe
M
M
School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Sagamihara, Japan. abe@azabu-u.ac.jp
Okada
H
H
Matsumura
D
D
Sato
H
H
Funaba
M
M
Iriki
T
T
D000596:Amino Acids / Q000097:blood; D000821:Animal Feed; D000818:Animals; D001835:Body Weight; D002417:Cattle / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D006706:Homeostasis; D008297:Male; D008715:Methionine / Q000633:toxicity*; D013025:Glycine max
D000596:Amino Acids; D004044:Dietary Proteins; D008715:Methionine