title: A clinicopathological study of sinonasal neuroendocrine carcinoma and sinonasal undifferentiated carcinoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Sinonasal undifferentiated carcinoma (SNUC) and sinonasal neuroendocrine carcinoma (SNEC) are relatively newly recognized, rare entities requiring further clinicopathological analysis to advance our understanding and determine prognostic distinctions between them.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective chart review.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cases were retrieved from the Copath system. One patient was seen in consultation from an outside institution. Histological and immunohistochemical findings, patient demographics, treatment regimens, and outcomes were analyzed and compared.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ten patients (7 men, 3 women) ranging in age from 17 to 58 years (mean age, 44.7 y) were included. Four patients were classified with SNEC, six as having SNUC. The predominant site was the superior nasal cavity or ethmoids (seven cases), followed by the maxilla (four cases). Disease in four patients was clinically staged as N1 (three with SNUC, one with SNEC), and in six patients as NO (three with SNEC, three with SNUC). Of the nine patients who were treated initially with surgical resection, seven received postoperative radiation therapy alone, one received postoperative radiation and chemotherapy, and one had only limited postoperative chemotherapy. One patient was treated with radiation therapy and chemotherapy alone, without surgical resection. Follow-up was obtained ranging from 6 to 108 months (mean period, 26.4 mo). Three patients died of disease 10, 14, and 41 months, respectively, after diagnosis. Three patients had persistent disease at 6, 9, and 21 months, respectively, two of them with distant metastases. Four patients were disease free after 6, 18, 31, and 108 months, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  SNUC and SNEC are both aggressive tumors, usually presenting in middle age as a nasal mass. Both tumors have the capacity to metastasize locally and distantly, and both can result in poor outcomes. This small series precludes a demographic or prognostic distinction between the two groups.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA.
authors.forename: S R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Som
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fahmy
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Lawson
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sacks
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Brandwein
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009669:Nose Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy; D010256:Paranasal Sinuses; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome