title: Downregulation of platelet-activating factor responsiveness during maturation of human dendritic cells.
abstract: Dendritic cells (DCs) are specialized antigen-presenting cells characterized by their ability to migrate into target sites, process antigens, and activate naive T-cells. Biological activities of platelet-activating factor (PAF) and the cytokine macrophage inflammatory protein-3beta (MIP-3beta) as well as the mRNA expression of their receptors were characterized in human DCs during lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-promoted maturation. Platelet-activating factor induced calcium transients, migration-associated actin polymerization response, and chemotaxis in immature human dendritic cells differentiated in vitro from monocytes with interleukin-4 and granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor. In addition, RT-PCR experiments indicated mRNA expression of the PAF receptor in these immature DCs. Cell studies and mRNA analyses further revealed that immature DCs neither respond to MIP-3beta nor express its specific receptor, CCR7. Induction of cell differentiation by LPS led to the loss of the mRNA expression of the PAF receptor, accompanied by decreasing intracellular calcium release, actin polymerization, and migration after stimulation with PAF. In contrast, LPS treatment induced increasing responsiveness toward MIP-3beta and mRNA expression of CCR7. Comparable data regarding mRNA expression of PAF receptor and PAF responsiveness were also obtained with another maturation protocol using TNFalpha instead of LPS. The direct comparison between the two different protocols showed a slower decrease of PAF responsiveness induced by TNFalpha than by LPS. These results show the loss of PAF responsiveness associated with downregulation of PAF receptor mRNA expression during LPS- and TNFalpha-induced maturation in human DCs. Therefore, these findings point to a functional relevance of PAF in recruiting immature DCs, whereas MIP-3beta might regulate the migration of DCs at a later stage of maturation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental and Clinical Dermatology, University of Freiburg, Germany. dichmann@haut.ukl.uni-freiburg.de
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dichmann
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Rheinen
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Panther
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Herouy
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Czech
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Termeer
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Simon
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Gebicke-Haerter
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Norgauer
mesh_terms: D017951:Antigen Presentation; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000502:physiology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D010972:Platelet Activating Factor / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000502:physiology*; D010980:Platelet Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000502:physiology*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; D043562:Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D010972:Platelet Activating Factor; D010980:Platelet Membrane Glycoproteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; D043562:Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled; C039351:platelet activating factor receptor