Intrafollicular influences on human oocyte developmental competence: perifollicular vascularity, oocyte metabolism and mitochondrial function.
While genetic and epigenetic factors have been associated with the developmental competence of human oocytes and embryos produced by IVF, how such factors develop or influence the oocyte remain to be explained. This paper reviews evidence which suggests that the degree of perifollicular vascular expansion associated with increased rates of blood flow are developmentally important for the generation of a normal follicle and competent oocyte. The degree of vascular development is follicle specific and differences between follicles might reflect their unique abilities to regulate angiogenic growth factor(s) production by the follicle cells in response to hypoxia. The notion that mitochondrial function in oocytes and early embryos could be influenced by intrafollicular conditions, and that differential patterns of mitochondrial segregation occur in blastomeres during early cleavage, is discussed with respect to the role of these organelles as critical determinants of developmental competence.
Van Blerkom
J
J
Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder 80309, USA. vanblerk@spot.colorado.edu
D004622:Embryo, Mammalian / Q000502:physiology*; D016228:Endothelial Growth Factors / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008222:Lymphokines / Q000378:metabolism; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000502:physiology*; D009865:Oocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism*; D006080:Ovarian Follicle / Q000098:blood supply*; D010100:Oxygen / Q000378:metabolism; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D042442:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors
D016228:Endothelial Growth Factors; D008222:Lymphokines; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D042442:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors; D010100:Oxygen