title: Elimination of early Salmonella enteritidis infection after treatment with competitive-exclusion culture and enrofloxacin in experimentally infected chicks.
abstract: The effect of normal avian gut flora (NAGF) and enrofloxacin administration on the early infection of young chicks by Salmonella enteritidis (SE) was determined using day-old White Leghorn chicks. Day- old chicks were divided into two groups, untreated control and NAGF-treated, and then infected with 10(6) cfu of SE per chick by oral gavage. The untreated, infected chicks were further divided into two groups and were either left untreated or medicated with a regimen of 10 mg/kg of enrofloxacin in drinking water daily for 10 d, followed by two doses of NAGF beginning at 10 and 8 wk of age in Trial 1 and Trial 2, respectively. Liver, spleen, and cecum samples were tested for the presence of SE, and immunological responsiveness was investigated up to 12 wk of age. Compared with the untreated group, the cecal colonization of SE was significantly (P < 0.05) decreased in the NAGF-treated group in Trials 1 and 2. No significant differences in organ infection were observed in the NAGF-treated vs. untreated birds. Although a significant effect of the combined treatment of enrofloxacin treatment and NAGF on the early infection was not shown in Trial 1, compared with enrofloxacin only or the untreated group, a significant reduction (P < 0.05) in the number of infected chickens and in the number of SE in the cecal contents was observed at 10 wk of age in Trial 2. The enrofloxacin treatment did not increase opportunistic colonization by SE due to the use of the antibiotic in either trial. The plasma and intestinal immunological responses were not significant at the early age (up to 12 wk) of the birds. The use of enrofloxacin, followed by NAGF, could aid the elimination of SE from young chicks persistently infected at an early age. The combined treatment, compared with enrofloxacin alone, protected chickens from reinfection by 40%.
authors.affiliation: USDA/ARS, Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, Athens, Georgia 30605, USA.
authors.forename: K H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Seo
authors.forename: P S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Holt
authors.forename: R K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Gast
authors.forename: C L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Hofacre
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial / Q000097:blood; D002432:Cecum / Q000382:microbiology; D002645:Chickens / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology; D004326:Drinking; D000077422:Enrofloxacin; D004755:Enterobacteriaceae / Q000502:physiology; D024841:Fluoroquinolones; D007422:Intestines / Q000382:microbiology; D008099:Liver / Q000382:microbiology; D011201:Poultry Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000382:microbiology*; D015363:Quinolones / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012481:Salmonella Infections, Animal / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology / Q000628:therapy*; D012477:Salmonella enteritidis / Q000276:immunology / Q000302:isolation & purification; D013154:Spleen / Q000382:microbiology
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial; D024841:Fluoroquinolones; D015363:Quinolones; D000077422:Enrofloxacin