title: Cyclooxygenase-2-mediated angiogenesis in carrageenin-induced granulation tissue in rats.
abstract: The possible participation of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 in angiogenesis in granulation tissue was analyzed using an air pouch-type carrageenin-induced inflammation model in rats. Injection of carrageenin solution into an air pouch induced gradual increases in the pouch fluid volume and granulation tissue weight as well as angiogenesis in granulation tissue. NS-398 (10-100 microg) inhibited all of these parameters in a dose-dependent manner. NS-398 (100 microg), indomethacin (100 microg), and dexamethasone (10 microg) markedly reduced prostaglandin (PG) E(2) levels in the pouch fluid at day 6. NS-398 and indomethacin did not affect protein levels of COX-1 and COX-2 but dexamethasone significantly reduced the level of COX-2 in granulation tissue at day 6. Protein levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in granulation tissue and in the pouch fluid were higher at day 6 than at day 3, and the levels were decreased by treatment with NS-398 (10-100 microg) in a dose-dependent manner. The inhibitory effects of NS-398 (100 microg) were almost the same as those of indomethacin (100 microg). Dexamethasone (10 microg) also reduced VEGF protein levels in granulation tissue at day 6. To clarify the role of PGE(2) in VEGF production, minced granulation tissue obtained 3 days after carrageenin injection from the indomethacin-treated rats was incubated in the presence of various concentrations of PGE(2). It was shown that VEGF mRNA and protein levels in the minced granulation tissue were increased by PGE(2) in a concentration-dependent manner. These findings suggest that COX-2-derived PGE(2) plays a significant role in angiogenesis in the carrageenin-induced granulation tissue through VEGF formation.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Pathophysiological Biochemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Aoba Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan.
authors.forename: A K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Ghosh
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hirasawa
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Niki
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ohuchi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000494:pharmacology; D002351:Carrageenan; D051545:Cyclooxygenase 1; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D052246:Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D003907:Dexamethasone / Q000494:pharmacology; D015232:Dinoprostone / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D016228:Endothelial Growth Factors / Q000096:biosynthesis; D006097:Granulation Tissue / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology*; D007213:Indomethacin / Q000494:pharmacology; D007249:Inflammation / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D007962:Leukocytes / Q000502:physiology; D008222:Lymphokines / Q000096:biosynthesis; D008297:Male; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D018919:Neovascularization, Physiologic / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D009578:Nitrobenzenes / Q000494:pharmacology; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013449:Sulfonamides / Q000494:pharmacology; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D042442:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D052246:Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors; D016228:Endothelial Growth Factors; D007527:Isoenzymes; D008222:Lymphokines; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D009578:Nitrobenzenes; D013449:Sulfonamides; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D042442:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors; C080955:N-(2-cyclohexyloxy-4-nitrophenyl)methanesulfonamide; D003907:Dexamethasone; D002351:Carrageenan; D051545:Cyclooxygenase 1; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases; C496513:Ptgs1 protein, rat; D015232:Dinoprostone; D007213:Indomethacin