title: Validation of cardiologists' decisions to initiate reperfusion therapy for acute myocardial infarction with electrocardiograms viewed on liquid crystal displays of cellular telephones.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The transmission of 12-lead electrocardiograms from remote locations to hand-held computers of cardiologists is now possible with the development of wireless technology and computer software. This investigation determined whether the cardiologist's decisions regarding reperfusion therapy for patients with symptoms suggestive of an acute myocardial infarction are the same when given electrocardiograms displayed on a cellular telephone as on a standard paper recording.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cardiologists were given 20 electrocardiograms of patients with acute chest pain suggestive of acute myocardial infarction to test the diagnostic reliability of the Nokia 9000i cellular telephone liquid crystal display (LCD) screen. The cardiologists made their decision to initiate or not initiate reperfusion therapy for the patients after viewing their electrocardiograms displayed on both 5-mm and 1-mm formatted grids and twice on traditional printout electrocardiograms. The control level of intraobserver agreement between the responses from the 2 sets of paper display electrocardiograms was compared with the experimental level of intraobserver agreement between the 1-mm LCD electrocardiograms and both sets of paper display electrocardiograms to determine whether the viewing medium affected the cardiologist's decisions. The 1-mm and 5-mm LCD screen electrocardiograms were compared to determine if the grid size affected the cardiologist's decisions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ninety-three percent of the 2 sets of paper-guided decisions were in agreement. When comparing the 1-mm LCD-guided decisions with both sets of paper-guided decisions, 94% and 89% of the decisions, respectively, were in agreement. The differences between the control and experimental degrees of intraobserver agreement of 1% and 4% were not statistically significant (P1 =.81, P2 =.29). Ninety-one percent of the 1-mm LCD-guided decisions were in agreement with the 5-mm LCD-guided decisions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cardiologists' decisions did not vary significantly when viewing either traditional paper electrocardiograms or LCD screen electrocardiograms. Even though there was not a significant difference in the cardiologists' decisions when they viewed electrocardiograms displayed on both the 1-mm and 5-mm grid, it is recommended that the 1-mm grid be used for clinical implementation of the LCD screen.
authors.affiliation: Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.
authors.forename: P N
authors.initials: PN
authors.lastname: Leibrandt
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Bell
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Savona
authors.forename: K S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Pettis
authors.forename: R H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Selvester
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Maynard
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Warner
authors.forename: G S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Wagner
mesh_terms: D016288:Computer Terminals; D003460:Crystallization; D003626:Data Display; D003657:Decision Making; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D004562:Electrocardiography / Q000295:instrumentation*; D006801:Humans; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D015588:Observer Variation; D015203:Reproducibility of Results