title: Short-course androgen ablation combined with external-beam radiation therapy and low-dose-rate permanent brachytherapy in early-stage prostate cancer: a matched subset analysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In order to evaluate the effect of short-term androgen blockade on biochemical control rates for high-risk patients receiving a combination regimen of external-beam radiation therapy and low-dose-rate permanent seed implant brachytherapy, a retrospective matched subset analysis was performed.
  
  
  METHODS
  Inclusion in the high-risk cohort required at least two of the following poor prognostic factors: serum prostate specific antigen (PSA) concentration > or = 10.0 ng/mL, Gleason score > or = 7, or clinical stage T(2c) or T(3a) disease. Twenty-one patients who underwent androgen ablation between June 1991 and December 1995 in addition to combined-modality radiation therapy qualified as high risk, as did 77 patients who underwent combined-radiation therapy only. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of follow-up (mean 44.6 v 47.8 months, respectively), pretreatment PSA, clinical stage, biopsy Gleason score, or the presence of all three poor prognostic factors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The overall rates of freedom from biochemical failure at 5 years were 77% in the hormonally treated group and 58% in the nonhormonally treated group. The difference was not statistically significant by log rank test (P = 0.08).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Longer follow-up with larger patient numbers is needed to define the role of adjuvant androgen ablation combined with radiation therapy.
authors.affiliation: Seattle Prostate Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sylvester
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Blasko
authors.forename: P D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Grimm
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Meier
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Cavanagh
mesh_terms: D000726:Androgen Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018931:Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001918:Brachytherapy; D017024:Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D020360:Neoadjuvant Therapy; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000032:analysis; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D012107:Research Design; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D015996:Survival Rate
chemical_list: D000726:Androgen Antagonists; D018931:Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen