title: Reliability of nocturnal blood pressure dipping.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Increasing evidence documents the fact that individuals whose blood pressure drops or 'dips' relatively little at night have a higher risk of numerous cardiovascular illnesses.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To examine the reliability of various measures of nocturnal blood pressure dipping.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study examined 17 individuals with ambulatory blood pressure monitoring on three 24 h recordings while they pursued a schedule similar to that of in-patients on a clinical research unit. Nocturnal dipping of blood pressure was scored three ways: as the drop in blood pressure between 10 p.m. and 6 a.m. ('clocktime'), as the drop in blood pressure tailored to each individual's reported bedtime ('bedtime'), and as the drop in blood pressure accompanying polysomnographically verified sleep ('sleeptime').
  
  
  RESULTS
  Adequate reliability was obtained for all three measures of dipping. There was, in general, a significant correlation across testing occasions (P<0.05). The correlation coefficient ranged from 0.5 to 0.8, depending on which criterion of dipping was selected and whether the endpoint was systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, or mean arterial blood pressure.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The reliability of systolic blood pressure dipping was somewhat lower than that of diastolic or mean arterial blood pressure dipping. Dipping appears to be a reliable construct. While no one definition of dipping was demonstrably better than another, the most sensible definition of dipping would allow some adjustment for defining 'night' on the basis of each individual's idiosyncratic bed time.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, USA. jdimsdale@ucsd.edu
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Dimsdale
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: von Känel
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Profant
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Nelesen
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ancoli-Israel
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ziegler
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001794:Blood Pressure; D018660:Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory; D002940:Circadian Rhythm; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D012890:Sleep