title: Neuromuscular monitoring at the orbicularis oculi may overestimate the blockade in myasthenic patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In most publications about myasthenia, monitoring neuromuscular blockade during anesthesia is recommended. In healthy patients, the relation of blockade between muscles has been established, but there is little information about the relation in myasthenic patients. Our objective was to investigate whether the relation between the orbicularis oculi and adductor pollicis muscles is the same in healthy patients and myasthenic patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  After anesthesia was induced with 4-6 mg/kg thiopental and 2 microg/kg fentanyl, followed by 2% sevoflurane and 60% nitrous oxide in oxygen, 10 healthy patients and 10 myasthenic patients received 0. 025 and 0.01 mg/kg vecuronium, respectively. Neuromuscular monitoring was performed with use of accelerometry at the orbicularis oculi and the adductor pollicis muscles by stimulating the temporal branch of the facial nerve and the ulnar nerve.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The relation of blockade between these two muscles was not the same in healthy patients and myasthenic patients: in healthy patients, the maximum neuromuscular blockade with 0.025 mg/kg vecuronium was less in the orbicularis oculi than in the adductor pollicis (median 72% vs. 91%; P < 0.05); in contrast, in myasthenic patients, the blockade with 0.01 mg/kg vecuronium was greater in the orbicularis oculi than in the adductor pollicis (median 96% vs. 62%; P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Neuromuscular monitoring at the orbicularis oculi may overestimate blockade in myasthenic patients. Extubation must be performed when the muscle most sensitive to neuromuscular blocking agents is recovered. Therefore, neuromuscular monitoring at the orbicularis oculi is recommended to avoid persistent neuromuscular blockade in patients with myasthenia gravis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan. hironori@med.kanazawa-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Itoh
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shibata
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yoshida
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000768:Anesthesia, General / Q000379:methods; D004576:Electromyography / Q000379:methods; D005154:Facial Nerve / Q000187:drug effects / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016343:Monitoring, Intraoperative / Q000379:methods; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000187:drug effects / Q000294:innervation / Q000502:physiology; D009157:Myasthenia Gravis / Q000503:physiopathology*; D019148:Neuromuscular Blockade; D003473:Neuromuscular Nondepolarizing Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D009801:Oculomotor Muscles / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000294:innervation / Q000503:physiopathology*; D014459:Ulnar Nerve / Q000187:drug effects / Q000503:physiopathology; D014673:Vecuronium Bromide / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D003473:Neuromuscular Nondepolarizing Agents; D014673:Vecuronium Bromide