title: Green up-conversion emission in Er3+:BaTiO3 sol-gel powders.
abstract: Bright green emissions at 549 and 526 nm have been observed from sol-gel derived Er3+:BaTiO3 powders upon excitations at two near infrared (NIR) wavelengths of 973 and 816 nm. The decay characteristics were measured and studied. It was found that the predominant emission at 549 nm has very different lifetimes upon excitation at 973 and 816 nm, which was explained by the mechanisms of excited state absorption (ESA) of individual Er3+ ion and cooperative energy transfer (CET) between two near Er3+ ions for the up-conversion emission. Analysis also showed that 973-nm excitation is more effective for the green up-conversion emission.
authors.affiliation: Photonics Research Group, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore.
authors.forename: H X
authors.initials: HX
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: C H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Kam
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Ng
authors.forename: Y L
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Lam
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Buddhudu
mesh_terms: D017609:Barium Compounds / Q000737:chemistry*; D004871:Erbium / Q000737:chemistry*; D049449:Luminescence; D011208:Powders / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry; D019265:Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D017609:Barium Compounds; D011208:Powders; C024547:barium titanate(IV); D004871:Erbium; D014025:Titanium