title: Optimal endothelialisation of a new compliant poly(carbonate-urea)urethane vascular graft with effect of physiological shear stress.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  to define the optimal seeding conditions of a new stress free poly(carbonate-urea)urethane (CPU) graft with compliance similar to that of human artery with honeycomb structure engineered during the manufacturing process to enhance adhesion and growth of endothelial cells.
  
  
  METHODS
  (111)Indium-oxine radiolabeled human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) were seeded onto CPU grafts at (a) concentrations from 2-24x10(5)cells/cm(2)and (b) incubated for 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 6 h. Following incubation, graft segments were subjected to three washing/gamma counting procedures and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Cell viability was measured using a modified Alamar blue(TM)assay. To test physiological retention a pulsatile flow phantom was used to subject optimally seeded (16x10(5), 4 h) CPU grafts to arterial shear stress for 6 h with real time acquisition of scintigraphic images of seeded grafts using a nuclear medicine gamma camera system.
  
  
  RESULTS
  the seeding efficiency of 54+/-13% post three washes was achieved using 16x10(5)cells/cm(2). Similarly in SEM micrographs a seeding density of 16x10(5)cells/cm(2)resulted in a confluent monolayer. Seeded CPU segments incubated for 4 h exhibited significantly higher resistance to wash-off than segments incubated for 30 min (p <0.05). Exposure of seeded grafts to pulsatile shear stress resulted in some cell loss with 67+/-3% of cells adherent following 6 h of perfusion with ongoing metabolic activity. Thus, optimal conditions were 16x10(5)cells/cm(2)at 4 h.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  the optimal seeding conditions have been defined for "tissue-engineered" vascular graft which allow complete endothelialisation and high cell-to-substrate strength that resists hydrodynamic stress.
authors.affiliation: Vascular Haemodynamic Laboratory, University Department of Surgery, London, NW3 2QG, UK.
authors.forename: H J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Salacinski
authors.forename: N R
authors.initials: NR
authors.lastname: Tai
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Punshon
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Giudiceandrea
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hamilton
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Seifalian
mesh_terms: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D001807:Blood Vessel Prosthesis; D002448:Cell Adhesion; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000166:cytology; D006085:Graft Survival; D006801:Humans; D008422:Materials Testing; D011140:Polyurethanes; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013314:Stress, Mechanical
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D011140:Polyurethanes