title: Triple vortex ring structure in superfluid helium II.
abstract: Superfluids such as helium II consist of two interpenetrating fluids: the normal fluid and the superfluid. The helium II vortex ring has generally been considered merely as a superfluid object, neglecting any associated motion of the normal fluid. We report a three-dimensional calculation of the coupled motion of the normal-fluid and superfluid components, which shows that the helium II vortex ring consists of a superfluid vortex ring accompanied by two coaxial normal-fluid vortex rings of opposite polarity. The three vortex rings form a coherent, dissipative structure.
authors.affiliation: Mathematics Department, University of Newcastle, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kivotides
authors.forename: C F
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Barenghi
authors.forename: D C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Samuels