title: Assessment of environmental endocrine disruptors in bald eagles of the Great Lakes.
abstract: Environmental endocrine disruption in wildlife has primarily focused on estrogenic/androgenic end points and their antagonists. We describe here the work that has occurred within the Great Lakes of North America that has used the bald eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) as a sentinel species of the effects of environmental toxicants, including endocrine disruption. Our data suggests that population level effects of hormone disrupting chemicals, not necessarily estrogen/androgen mimics and their antagonists, have been associated with reproductive and teratogenic effects observed in the bald eagle population within the Great Lakes Basin. Additional laboratory and field studies are necessary to further clarify the role of environmental endocrine disruptors on reproduction in avian populations. The use of sea eagles (Haliaeetus spp.) as biosentinels of pollution in other regions of the world is also discussed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Toxicology, Clemson University, Pencleton, SC 29670, USA. wbowerm@clemson.edu
authors.forename: W W
authors.initials: WW
authors.lastname: Bowerman
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Best
authors.forename: T G
authors.initials: TG
authors.lastname: Grubb
authors.forename: J G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Sikarskie
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Giesy
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D020307:Eagles / Q000502:physiology*; D017753:Ecosystem; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000032:analysis* / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D006114:Great Lakes Region; D006727:Hormone Antagonists / Q000032:analysis* / Q000494:pharmacology; D006728:Hormones / Q000819:agonists*; D008297:Male; D010063:Ovum / Q000737:chemistry; D012098:Reproduction / Q000187:drug effects; D013723:Teratogens / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D006727:Hormone Antagonists; D006728:Hormones; D013723:Teratogens