title: The effects of calcium benzoate in diets with or without organic acids on dietary buffering capacity, apparent digestibility, retention of nutrients, and manure characteristics in swine.
abstract: Eight barrows (Yorkshire x [Finnish Landrace x Dutch Landrace]), initially 30 kg BW, were fitted with ileal cannulas to evaluate the effects of supplementing Ca benzoate (2.4%) and organic acids (OA) in the amount of 300 mEq acid/kg feed on dietary buffering capacity (BC), apparent digestibility and retention of nutrients, and manure characteristics. Swine were allotted in a 2 x 4 factorial arrangement of treatments according to a cyclic (8 x 5) changeover design. Two tapioca-corn-soybean meal-based diets were formulated without and with acidogenic Ca benzoate. Each diet was fed in combination with OA (none, formic, fumaric, or n-butyric acid). Daily rations were equal to 2.8 x maintenance requirement (418 kJ ME/BW(.75)) and were given in two portions. Chromic oxide (.25 g/kg) was used as a marker. On average, Ca benzoate lowered BC by 54 mEq/kg feed. This salt enhanced (P < .05) the ileal digestibility (ID) of DM, OM, arginine, isoleucine, leucine, phenylalanine, alanine, aspartic acid, and tyrosine (by up to 2.4 percentage units). Also, the total tract digestibility (TD) of DM, ash, Ca and GE, and Ca retention (percentage of intake) was greater (P < .05) in swine fed Ca benzoate, whereas N retention remained unaffected. Addition of all OA (formic and n-butyric acid, in particular) exerted a positive effect (P < .05) on the ID of amino acids (except for arginine, methionine, and cysteine). A similar effect (P < .05) was found for the TD of DM, OM, CP, Ca and total P and for the retention of N and Ca. In swine fed Ca benzoate, urinary pH decreased by 1.6 units (P < .001). In conclusion, dietary OA have a beneficial effect on the apparent ileal/total tract nutrient digestibilities, and Ca benzoate increased urine acidity, which could be effective against a rapid ammonia emission from manure of swine.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Animal Science and Health (ID-DLO), Lelystad, The Netherlands. z.mroz@id.wag-ur.nl
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Mroz
authors.forename: A W
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Jongbloed
authors.forename: K H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Partanen
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Vreman
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Kemme
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kogut
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed; D000818:Animals; D002021:Buffers; D002087:Butyrates / Q000494:pharmacology; D002118:Calcium / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D004063:Digestion; D005243:Feces / Q000737:chemistry*; D005561:Formates / Q000494:pharmacology; D005650:Fumarates / Q000494:pharmacology; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008297:Male; D011897:Random Allocation; D013552:Swine / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D002021:Buffers; D002087:Butyrates; D005561:Formates; D005650:Fumarates; C030544:formic acid; C032005:fumaric acid; D002118:Calcium