title: Sleep problems as a risk factor for falls in a sample of community-dwelling adults aged 64-99 years.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to determine if reported nighttime sleep problems and daytime sleepiness were associated with reported falling during the previous 12 months in a representatively sampled older adult population.
  
  
  METHODS
  Random-digit dial telephone survey.
  
  
  METHODS
  Representatively sampled older adult population living in northern California.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants were 971 women and 555 men, aged 64 to 99 years.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-minute telephone interview adapted from the National Health Interview Survey.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Two hundred and eighty-four participants reported falling during the previous 12 months (19% of the sample). Significantly more women fell than men (20% and 14%, respectively, P < .001). The following variables were significant risk factors for falling in univariate analyses: female gender, being unmarried, living alone, income less than $15,000 per year, difficulty walking, having more than one chronic medical condition, history of cardiovascular disease, hypertension, arthritis, sensory impairment, psychological difficulties, and nighttime sleep problems. All of the nighttime sleep problem variables remained significant risk factors for falling after controlling for other risk factors for falling.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results provide support for an independent association between reported sleep problems and falls in an older population. One of the implications of these data is that behavioral research focusing on the effectiveness of insomnia treatment in old age should not only examine typical sleep-related outcomes (e.g., total time asleep, number of awakenings) but also the occurrence of falls as well.
authors.affiliation: Stanford Center for Research in Disease Prevention, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, USA.
authors.forename: G S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Brassington
authors.forename: A C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: King
authors.forename: D L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Bliwise
mesh_terms: D000058:Accidental Falls / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D002140:California / Q000453:epidemiology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D015897:Comorbidity; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D007182:Income / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008297:Male; D017533:Marital Status / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors; D017678:Sex Distribution; D012893:Sleep Wake Disorders / Q000150:complications*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires