title: Effects of oral exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) on the development and metamorphosis of two amphibian species (Xenopus laevis and Rana temporaria).
abstract: This study examined the effects of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) on development of families of amphibians using the African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis) and the European common frog (Rana temporaria). Amphibians were orally exposed to the technical PCB-mixture Clophen A50 or to the non-ortho-3,3',4,4',5-CB congener (PCB 126) either for a 10-day period or until metamorphosis. Occurrence and rate of malformations, mortality, period until metamorphosis and thyroid hormone levels were measured. Mortality increased in a dose-dependent manner, as did the rates of malformation. Time until metamorphic transformation was prolonged and the weight of froglets was increased. Although not statistically significant, thyroid hormone levels were also lowered. PHAHs such as PCBs may affect important aspects of amphibian fitness and may influence amphibian reproductive success.
authors.affiliation: Toxicology Section, Wageningen University, The Netherlands. arno.gutleb@algemeen.tox.wau.nl
authors.forename: A C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Gutleb
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Appelman
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bronkhorst
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: van den Berg
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Murk
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D013956:Antithyroid Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity*; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity; D007814:Larva / Q000187:drug effects; D008675:Metamorphosis, Biological / Q000187:drug effects; D009026:Mortality; D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000633:toxicity*; D011896:Rana temporaria / Q000254:growth & development*; D013963:Thyroid Hormones / Q000378:metabolism; D014982:Xenopus laevis / Q000254:growth & development*
chemical_list: C107674:2-mercapto-1-methylimidazole; D013956:Antithyroid Agents; D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D007093:Imidazoles; D013963:Thyroid Hormones; C025647:clophen A50; D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls; C023035:3,4,5,3',4'-pentachlorobiphenyl