title: Laser pointers and aviation safety.
abstract: Laser pointers have been used by teachers and lecturers for years to highlight key areas on charts and screens during visual presentations. When used in a responsible manner, laser pointers are not considered to be hazardous. However, as the availability of such devices has increased, so have reports of their misuse. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) issued a warning in December 1997 on the possibility of eye injury to children from handheld laser pointers. In October 1998, the American Academy of Ophthalmology upgraded an earlier caution to a warning, stating that laser pointers can be hazardous and should be kept away from children, after two reports of eye injuries involving young girls (age 11 and 13 yr). Of particular concern was the promotion of laser products as children's toys, such as those that can project cartoon figures and line drawings. Additionally, there have been reports involving the misuse of laser pointers (e.g., arrests made after police interpreted the red beam to be a laser-sighted weapon, spectators aiming laser lights at athletes during sporting events, cars illuminated on highways, and numerous incidents involving the illumination of aircraft). This technical note discusses physiological effects of exposure from a laser pointer, the regulation and classification of commercial laser products, and how the misuse of these pointers is a possible threat to aviation safety.
authors.affiliation: FAA-CAMI, Vision Research Team, Oklahoma City, OK 73125, USA. Van.Nakagawar@faa.gov
authors.forename: V B
authors.initials: VB
authors.lastname: Nakagawara
authors.forename: R W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Montgomery
mesh_terms: D000337:Aerospace Medicine; D001359:Aviation; D005131:Eye Injuries / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D006801:Humans; D007834:Lasers / Q000009:adverse effects*; D012449:Safety