title: A novel form of intercalation involving four DNA duplexes in an acridine-4-carboxamide complex of d(CGTACG)(2).
abstract: The structures of the complexes formed between 9-amino-[N:-(2-dimethyl-amino)butyl]acridine-4-carboxamide and d(CG(5Br)UACG)(2) and d(CGTACG)(2) have been solved by X-ray crystallography using MAD phasing methodology and refined to a resolution of 1.6 A. The complexes crystallised in space group C222. An asymmetric unit in the brominated complex comprises two strands of DNA, one disordered drug molecule, two cobalt (II) ions and 19 water molecules (31 in the native complex). Asymmetric units in the native complex also contain a sodium ion. The structures exhibit novel features not previously observed in crystals of DNA/drug complexes. The DNA helices stack in continuous columns with their central 4 bp adopting a B-like motif. However, despite being a palindromic sequence, the terminal GC base pairs engage in quite different interactions. At one end of the duplex there is a CpG dinucleotide overlap modified by ligand intercalation and terminal cytosine exchange between symmetry-related duplexes. A novel intercalation complex is formed involving four DNA duplexes, four ligand molecules and two pairs of base tetrads. The other end of the DNA is frayed with the terminal guanine lying in the minor groove of the next duplex in the column. The structure is stabilised by guanine N7/cobalt (II) coordination. We discuss our findings with respect to the effects of packing forces on DNA crystal structure, and the potential effects of intercalating agents on biochemical processes involving DNA quadruplexes and strand exchanges. NDB accession numbers: DD0032 (brominated) and DD0033 (native).
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia, Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand. a.adams@bioch.usyd.edu.au
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Adams
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Guss
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Collyer
authors.forename: W A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Denny
authors.forename: L P
authors.initials: LP
authors.lastname: Wakelin
mesh_terms: D000609:Aminoacridines / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism*; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D020029:Base Pairing; D001483:Base Sequence; D001665:Binding Sites; D003035:Cobalt / Q000378:metabolism; D018360:Crystallography, X-Ray; D006147:Guanine / Q000378:metabolism; D006860:Hydrogen Bonding; D007364:Intercalating Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D008024:Ligands; D008958:Models, Molecular; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009690:Nucleic Acid Conformation; D009838:Oligodeoxyribonucleotides / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D013096:Spermine / Q000378:metabolism; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D014867:Water / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000609:Aminoacridines; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D007364:Intercalating Agents; D008024:Ligands; D009838:Oligodeoxyribonucleotides; D014867:Water; C054505:9-aminoacridine-4-carboxamide; D013096:Spermine; D003035:Cobalt; D006147:Guanine