title: Combined intravenous and intra-arterial recombinant tissue plasminogen activator in acute ischemic stroke.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A retrospective analysis was performed on 20 consecutive patients who presented with severe acute ischemic stroke and were evaluated for a combined intravenous (IV) and local intra-arterial (IA) recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rtPA) thrombolytic approach within 3 hours of onset.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty consecutive patients with carotid artery distribution strokes were evaluated and treated using a combined IV and IA rtPA approach over a 14-month period (September 1998 to October 1999). rtPA (0.6 mg/kg) was given intravenously (maximum dose 60 mg); 15% of the IV dose was given as bolus, followed by a continuous infusion over 30 minutes. A maximal IA dose, up to 0.3 mg/kg or 24 mg, whichever was less, was given over a maximum of 2 hours. IV treatment was initiated within 3 hours in 19 of 20 patients. All 20 patients underwent angiography, and 16 of 20 patients received local IA rtPA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The median baseline National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score for the 20 patients was 21 (range 11 to 31). The median time from stroke onset to IV treatment was 2 hours and 2 minutes, and median time to initiation of IA treatment was 3 hours and 30 minutes. Ten patients (50%) recovered to a modified Rankin Scale (mRS) of 0 or 1; 3 patients (15%), to an mRS of 2; and 5 patients (25%), to an mRS of 4 or 5. One patient (5%) developed a symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage and eventually died. One other patient (5%) expired because of complications from the stroke.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We believe that the greater-than-expected proportion of favorable outcomes in these patients with severe ischemic stroke reflects the short time to initiation of both IV and IA thrombolysis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Section of Neuroradiology, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ernst
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pancioli
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tomsick
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kissela
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Woo
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kanter
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Jauch
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Carrozzella
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Spilker
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Broderick
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D007269:Injections, Intra-Arterial; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D020521:Stroke / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D013997:Time Factors; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator