title: Mycobacterium tuberculosis infections after renal transplantation.
abstract: The incidence of tuberculosis was found to be 5.8% (16/274) in 274 kidney graft recipients in our centre between 1986 and 1998. The kidney recipients were evaluated retrospectively. A total of 51 recipients received isoniazid prophylaxis for 6 months. The prevalence of tuberculosis was found similar (6% vs. 8.8%, p = 0.15) between recipients with prophylaxis and no prophylaxis. Eight patients were recipients of cadaveric donor kidneys and 8 were recipients of living donor kidneys. Lungs were the most frequently affected site, as in the normal population. M. tuberculosis grew in 7 patients. In 5 patients, M. tuberculosis was also detected on direct microscopy and polymerase chain reaction. In 4 patients, diagnosis was made on clinical grounds and later confirmed by positive response to therapy. In 8 patients, invasive procedures were performed for diagnosis. Five patients had miliary tuberculosis at the time of diagnosis. In 3 patients dissemination occurred during follow-up. Nine patients responded to anti-tuberculous therapy while still preserving their graft function, 1 patient rejected the graft while under treatment and returned to haemodialysis. Five patients (31%) died. Since the risk of dissemination of tuberculosis is high in these patients, anti-tuberculous therapy should be started whenever clinical findings suggestive of tuberculosis are present, even in the absence of any microbiological and/or histological evidence.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Apaydin
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Altiparmak
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Serdengeçti
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ataman
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Oztürk
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Erek
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D019072:Antibiotic Prophylaxis; D000995:Antitubercular Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007538:Isoniazid / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009169:Mycobacterium tuberculosis / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D015995:Prevalence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014376:Tuberculosis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000517:prevention & control
chemical_list: D000995:Antitubercular Agents; D007538:Isoniazid