Spinal cord stimulation for chronic pain management.
This article outlines the role of spinal cord stimulation in contemporary chronic pain management. The anatomical and neurophysiological correlates of stimulation of the intraspinal structures are discussed. The most common indications are presented, including failed back syndrome, reflex sympathetic dystrophy, neurogenic thoracic outlet syndrome, and spinal cord injury, etc. The most common complications are presented, including paralysis, infection, electrode migration, cerebrospinal fluid leak, and pain. Spinal cord stimulation is one of the most effective techniques available in the management of severe chronic pain that has been refractory to other more conservative modalities.
Barolat
G
G
Division of Functional Neurosurgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA. giancarlo.barolat@mail.tju.edu
D002908:Chronic Disease; D004599:Electric Stimulation Therapy / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D059408:Pain Management; D013116:Spinal Cord