title: Mechanism of DNA damage by thiocyanate radicals.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  It was previously shown that gamma-irradiation of aqueous solutions of plasmid DNA in the presence of millimolar concentrations of thiocyanate ions leads to the formation in very high yields of sites recognized by the base excision repair endonuclease formamido-pyrimidine-DNA N-glycosylase (FPG). The authors wished to characterize the mechanism responsible for the production of these FPG-sensitive sites.
  
  
  METHODS
  An aqueous solution of plasmid DNA containing thiocyanate ions was irradiated with 137Cs gamma-rays. After irradiation, aliquots were treated with FPG. Break yields were determined using neutral agarose gel electrophoresis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The yield of FPG-sensitive sites decreased with decreasing enzyme activity, increasing thiocyanate concentration, increasing dose-rate, increasing ionic strength, increasing nitrite or iodide concentration, and decreasing oxygen concentration.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The observations suggest that the monomeric thiocyanate radical SCN* is an intermediate in the reaction, and that the yields of FPG-sensitive sites are determined by competition between the disproportionation of the dimeric radical anion (SCN)*2- and the fate of a one-electron oxidized guanine species in DNA. The latter can react with oxygen to produce an FPG-sensitive site or can be reduced without producing an FPG-sensitive site. The results help to clarify the mechanisms responsible for DNA damage by the direct effect of ionizing radiation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla 92093-0610, USA. jmilligan@ucsd.edu
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Milligan
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Aguilera
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Paglinawan
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Ward
mesh_terms: D004247:DNA / Q000528:radiation effects*; D004249:DNA Damage; D043382:DNA-Formamidopyrimidine Glycosylase; D004307:Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation; D005720:Gamma Rays; D017665:Hydroxyl Radical; D009699:N-Glycosyl Hydrolases / Q000378:metabolism; D009573:Nitrites / Q000494:pharmacology; D009994:Osmolar Concentration; D012964:Sodium / Q000494:pharmacology; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000494:pharmacology; D013861:Thiocyanates / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D009573:Nitrites; D013861:Thiocyanates; D017665:Hydroxyl Radical; D004247:DNA; D012964:Sodium; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D009699:N-Glycosyl Hydrolases; D043382:DNA-Formamidopyrimidine Glycosylase; C031760:thiocyanate