title: Pharmacokinetics of ceftazidime in dogs following subcutaneous administration and continuous infusion and the association with in vitro susceptibility of Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the pharmacokinetics of ceftazidime following subcutaneous administration and continuous IV infusion to healthy dogs and to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of ceftazidime for clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
  
  
  METHODS
  10 healthy adult dogs.
  
  
  METHODS
  MIC of ceftazidime for 101 clinical isolates of P aeruginosa was determined in vitro. Serum concentrations of ceftazidime were determined following subcutaneous administration of ceftazidime (30 mg/kg of body weight) to 5 dogs and continuous IV infusion of ceftazidime (loading dose, 4.4 mg/kg; infusion rate, 4.1 mg/kg/h) for 36 hours to 5 dogs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The MIC of ceftazidime for P aeruginosa was < or = 8 microg/ml; all isolates were considered susceptible. Following SC administration of ceftazidime, mean beta disappearance half-life was 0.8 hours, and mean serum ceftazidime concentration exceeded the MIC for P aeruginosa for only 4.3 hours. Two dogs had gastrointestinal tract effects. Mean serum ceftazidime concentration exceeded 16 microg/ml during continuous IV infusion. None of the dogs developed adverse effects.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Administration of ceftazidime subcutaneously (30 mg/kg, q 4 h) or as a constant IV infusion (loading dose, 4.4 mg/kg; rate, 4.1 mg/kg/h) would maintain serum ceftazidime concentrations above the MIC determined for 101 clinical isolates of P aeruginosa. Use of these dosages may be appropriate for treatment of dogs with infections caused by P aeruginosa.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison 53706, USA.
authors.forename: K W
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Moore
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Trepanier
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Lautzenhiser
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Fialkowski
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Rosin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002442:Ceftazidime / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D002511:Cephalosporins / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000662:veterinary; D004198:Disease Susceptibility / Q000662:veterinary; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000276:immunology*; D004285:Dogs / Q000097:blood*; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous / Q000662:veterinary; D007279:Injections, Subcutaneous; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D011552:Pseudomonas Infections / Q000276:immunology / Q000662:veterinary*; D011550:Pseudomonas aeruginosa / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D002511:Cephalosporins; D002442:Ceftazidime