title: Sinonasal disease and olfactory impairment in HIV disease: endoscopic sinus surgery and outcome measures.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the effects of ESS (ESS) on olfactory impairment, disease-specific symptoms, and general quality of well-being In HIV+ patients with sinonasal disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  Study 1: Nasal cytology, rhinomanometry, nasal examination including endoscopy, disease-specific sinonasal symptoms, olfactory threshold sensitivity, and odor identification testing were performed before and after ESS in HIV+ patients with sinonasal complaints. Study 2: Quality of well-being was assessed before and after ESS in HIV+ patients with sinonasal complaints and controls.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Significant olfactory sensitivity loss persisted for patients with chronic sinusitis after ESS, suggesting that the impairment in these patients may be due to viral disease rather than inflammation. Significant improvement in other disease-specific symptom scores (nasal obstruction, nasal congestion, headache, sinus pain, etc.) and results of the general quality of well-being assessment showed ESS to be beneficial in the extended health management of HIV illness.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The current study indicated both olfactory dysfunction and subjective negative symptoms in HIV+ patients with chronic sinusitis. Although olfactory dysfunction remained, ESS was successful in providing marked alleviation of symptomatology in HIV+ patients with chronic sinusitis. The results support ESS as an appropriate treatment option for HIV+ patients with chronic sinusitis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, USA.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Murphy
authors.forename: T M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Davidson
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Jellison
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Austin
authors.forename: W C
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Mathews
authors.forename: D W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Ellison
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Schlotfeldt
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000403:Airway Resistance; D002908:Chronic Disease; D004724:Endoscopy; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D019060:Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures; D012852:Sinusitis / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D012903:Smell / Q000502:physiology; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D016896:Treatment Outcome