title: Monitoring of tumor microcirculation during fractionated radiation therapy in patients with rectal carcinoma: preliminary results and implications for therapy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To measure microcirculatory changes during chemoirradiation and to correlate perfusion index (PI) values with therapy outcome.
  
  
  METHODS
  Perfusion data in 11 patients with cT3 (clinical staging, tumor invaded the perirectal tissue) rectal carcinoma who underwent preoperative chemoirradiation were analyzed. Perfusion data were acquired by using a T1 mapping sequence with a whole-body magnetic resonance (MR) imager. After contrast medium was intravenously infused at a constant rate, concentration-and-time curves were evaluated for arterial blood and tumor. All patients underwent MR imaging before and at constant intervals during chemoirradiation. Clinical stages before therapy were compared with surgical stages after therapy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Spatial and temporal resolution on dynamic T1 maps were sufficient to reveal changes in contrast medium accumulation in the tumor. Comparison of PI values and radiation dose showed a significant increase in the 1st (P: =.003) and 2nd weeks (P: =.01) of treatment; values subsequently returned to pretreatment levels or showed a renewed increase. High initial PI values correlated with greater lymph node downstaging (P: =.042).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Dynamic T1 mapping provides a suitable tool for monitoring tumor microcirculation during chemoirradiation and offers the potential for individual optimization of therapeutic procedures. Furthermore, these results indicate that the PI map may serve as a prognostic factor.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Radiotherapy and Radio-oncology, Leopold-Franzens-Universität Innsbruck, Austria. alexander.devries@uibk.ac.at
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: de Vries
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Griebel
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kremser
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Judmaier
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Gneiting
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Debbage
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kremser
authors.forename: K P
authors.initials: KP
authors.lastname: Pfeiffer
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Buchberger
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lukas
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D019583:Dose Fractionation, Radiation; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008833:Microcirculation / Q000528:radiation effects; D008875:Middle Aged; D012004:Rectal Neoplasms / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000532:radiotherapy*