title: Conformational stability of human interferon-gamma on association with and dissociation from liposomes.
abstract: The integrity of a therapeutic protein has to be safeguarded when formulated in delivery systems such as liposomes. In this study, we investigated the conformational stability of recombinant human interferon gamma (hIFNgamma) on association with and after dissociation from liposomal bilayers using circular dichroism (CD) and steady-state fluorescence spectroscopy as well as time-resolved fluorescence methodology. We used hIFNgamma adsorption to and desorption from empty liposomes as a model for hIFNgamma-containing liposomes prepared via the film hydration method. CD studies indicated that no changes in the secondary and tertiary protein structure occur during and after interaction of hIFNgamma with the liposomes. Steady-state fluorescence emission spectra of untreated and liposome-desorbed hIFNgamma revealed that the environment of the sole Trp residue was not affected by the adsorption/desorption process. The Trp-36 residue remained fully quenchable by acrylamide after desorption of hIFNgamma from the liposomes. Time-resolved fluorescence studies were conducted to probe the local environment and the mobility of Trp-36 before, during, and after interaction of hIFNgamma with the liposomal membrane. Differences in rotational correlation time between free and liposomal hIFNgamma were attributed to immobilization of the protein on adsorption to the liposome bilayer. Disparities were detected between the average lifetimes of liposome-adsorbed hIFNgamma and hIFNgamma-liposomes, indicating that subtle changes in the Trp-36 environment took place during preparation of the liposomes via the film hydration method compared with the adsorption of hIFNgamma to the liposome surface. The results of this study indicate that association of hIFNgamma with negatively charged liposomes results in minimal changes in the secondary and tertiary structure of the protein. We conclude that all techniques used point to a full retention or restoration of the protein conformation after desorption from the liposomes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Faculty of Pharmacy, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80.082, 3508 TB Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: van Slooten
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Visser
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: van Hoek
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Storm
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Crommelin
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Jiskoot
mesh_terms: D020106:Acrylamide / Q000737:chemistry; D002942:Circular Dichroism; D004337:Drug Carriers; D006801:Humans; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry*; D008081:Liposomes; D017433:Protein Structure, Secondary; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D013050:Spectrometry, Fluorescence; D013056:Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet
chemical_list: D004337:Drug Carriers; D008081:Liposomes; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D020106:Acrylamide; D007371:Interferon-gamma