title: [Pyelocalicial diverticula].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To review the embryological and clinical aspects of the different types of pyelocaliceal diverticula, with special reference to the differential diagnosis and treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  Images of type I and II pyelocaliceal diverticula are shown. The conditions that cause difficulty in making the differential diagnosis are discussed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Urography continues to be the diagnostic method preferred and is sometimes aided by retrograde ureteropyelography.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pyelocaliceal diverticula are cystic eventrations of the upper urinary tract lying within the renal parenchyma that communicate through a narrow channel into the main collecting system. They occur in 0.2 to 0.5% of the population and are congenital in origin. Calyceal diverticula are frequently found incidentally on routine excretory urograms, but patients may complain of flank pain, hematuria or recurrent urinary infections. In the past, treatment required open renal surgery. Endourologic procedures are widely utilized today.
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Urología, Hospital Geral de Santo Antonio, Portugal.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lima
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: La Fuente
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: García Cuerpo
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sánchez Encinas
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Fernández González
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Sanz Miguelañez
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Lovaco Castellano
mesh_terms: D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D003952:Diagnostic Imaging; D004240:Diverticulum / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000196:embryology / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000196:embryology / Q000628:therapy; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D014463:Ultrasonography; D014567:Urography