title: Comparison of the efficacies of a novel aspergillus niger mycelium with separate and combined effectiveness of phytase, acid phosphatase, and pectinase in dephosphorylation of wheat-based feeds fed to growing broilers.
abstract: Efficacies of phytase, phosphorolytic enzymes (phytase + acid phosphatase), an enzymic "cocktail" (phytase + acid phosphatase + pectinase + citric acid), a novel Aspergillus niger (fungal) mycelium (FM), and FM enriched in phytase and antioxidants were investigated in growing broilers (Days 1 to 21) fed wheat-based diets. Broilers were fed the following seven diets at 0.69% Ca: 1) a negative control diet, 0.17% nonphytate P (NPP); 2) Diet 1 + 750 phytase units/kg diet; 3) Diet 1 + 750 phytase units + 3,156 units acid phosphatase/kg diet; 4) Diet 1 + 750 phytase units + 3,156 acid phosphatase units + 1,900 units of pectinase/g diet + 3% citric acid; 5) Diet 1 + 4% FM; 6) Diet 1 + 4% FM + 1,300 phytase units + 2% ascorbic acid and 1% of glucose oxidase; and 7) a positive control diet (Diet 1 + 0.24% NPP from dicalcium phosphate). The dietary treatments were fed to four pen replicates of eight birds each. Prior to feed formulation, mycelium and antioxidants dosages were optimized on Diet 1 by an in vitro technique and an experimental design module of a statistical software package. Phytase addition increased BW gain (BWG), feed intake, and P retention. Subsequent addition of acid phosphatase resulted in further increases in BWG, feed intake, and toe ash and reduced digesta viscosity; however, neither P nor Ca retention were improved. Body weight gain and feed intakes superior to those found in chicks fed Diet 7 were observed in birds receiving the cocktail of enzymes (Diet 4) or FM. Chicken fed Diet 6 had the highest percentage of toe ash and retained 76 and 51% of P and Ca, respectively. Supplementation of wheat-based 0.17% NPP diets with FM increased bursa of Fabricius weights and reduced the intestinal surface covered by Peyer's patches.
authors.affiliation: University of Agriculture, Department of Food Biotechnology, Kraków, Poland. rrzyla@cyf-kr.edu.pl
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Zyła
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wikiera
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Koreleski
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Swiatkiewicz
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Piironen
authors.forename: D R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Ledoux
mesh_terms: D010832:6-Phytase / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000135:Acid Phosphatase / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000821:Animal Feed; D000824:Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D000818:Animals; D001234:Aspergillus niger; D002113:Calcification, Physiologic; D002645:Chickens / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000502:physiology; D019343:Citric Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004032:Diet; D004063:Digestion; D010758:Phosphorus / Q000378:metabolism; D010766:Phosphorylation; D011096:Polygalacturonase / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D014908:Triticum
chemical_list: D010758:Phosphorus; D019343:Citric Acid; D000135:Acid Phosphatase; D010832:6-Phytase; D011096:Polygalacturonase