title: DAX-1 functions as an LXXLL-containing corepressor for activated estrogen receptors.
abstract: We have discovered that the orphan receptor DAX-1 (NROB1) interacts with the estrogen receptors ERalpha and ERbeta. Interaction occurs with ligand-activated ERs in solution and on DNA and is mediated by the unique DAX-1 N-terminal repeat domain. Each of the three repeats contains a leucine-rich receptor-binding motif, known as the LXXLL motif, which is usually found in nuclear receptor coactivators. We have demonstrated that DAX-1 functions as an inhibitor of ER activation in mammalian cells and suggest a mechanism involving two sequential events, occupation of the ligand-induced coactivator-binding surface and subsequent recruitment of corepressors. Accordingly, we propose that DAX-1 itself acts as a corepressor for ERs. Because DAX-1 is coexpressed with ERs in reproductive tissues, these interactions could play significant roles by influencing estrogen signaling pathways. Our results point at functional similarities between DAX-1 and the orphan receptor SHP (NROB2) in that they have acquired features of transcriptional coregulators that are unique for members of the nuclear receptor family.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biosciences at Novum, Karolinska Institute, S-14157 Huddinge, Sweden.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Thomsen
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Johansson
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Gustafsson
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Treuter
mesh_terms: D057137:DAX-1 Orphan Nuclear Receptor; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000502:physiology*; D008024:Ligands; D011485:Protein Binding; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D018168:Receptors, Retinoic Acid / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D012097:Repressor Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D015533:Transcriptional Activation / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D057137:DAX-1 Orphan Nuclear Receptor; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D008024:Ligands; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen; D018168:Receptors, Retinoic Acid; D012097:Repressor Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors