title: A comparison of vertical force and temporal parameters produced by an in-shoe pressure measuring system and a force platform.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the ability of Pedar in-shoe system to measure vertical force accurately, by comparing it with the Kistler force platform.
  
  
  METHODS
  In vivo experiment in normal subjects.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  It has been suggested Pedar is highly reliable, but absolute accuracy of the system with regard to force measurement has not been comprehensively tested.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sampling at 99 Hz, using five healthy subjects, simultaneous data were collected barefoot, and in three types of shoes (Trainers, Oxfords, Slip-on Deck Type). Six variables obtained from the force/time curve from each footstep were compared.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The temporal data recorded by Pedar correlated well with that obtained using Kistler, with significant differences only in overall duration of the step in Deck shoes (P<0. 001) and Oxford shoes (P<0.01), and peak to peak barefoot (P<0.01). Pedar recorded a lower first peak force and mid-peak force in all cases (P<0.001). However, the magnitude of the 2nd peak force recorded by both systems was significantly different only in Trainers (P<0.05) and Oxford shoes (P<0.001). The impulse data obtained with Oxford shoes was not significantly different, although barefoot, Trainers and Deck shoes were significantly lower (P<0.001) for Pedar.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In most cases, comparison of data recorded by the two systems provided good evidence for the accuracy and reliability of temporal measurements and second peak force measurements taken with the Pedar in-shoe system. Relevance In-shoe pressure data provides evidence for clinical decisions if the systems utilised are proven to be valid, repeatable and accurate. Comparison with an established force platform enables some assessment of these factors.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Health and Social Care, University of the West of England, Room 1E13, PS5 Glenside Campus, Blackberry Hill, Stapleton,BS16 1DD, Bristol, UK. sue.barnett@uwe.ac.uk
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Barnett
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Cunningham
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: West
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000703:Analog-Digital Conversion; D004867:Equipment Design; D005260:Female; D005528:Foot / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011312:Pressure; D012775:Shoes; D012815:Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D013997:Time Factors; D014160:Transducers, Pressure; D016474:Weight-Bearing / Q000502:physiology*