title: Risk factors for microalbuminuria in black americans with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes.
abstract: We conducted a cross-sectional analysis to describe the prevalence of and risk factors for microalbuminuria among blacks with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes. Black adults with diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus of 2 years' duration or less who presented for care to the Grady Diabetes Clinic (Atlanta, GA) between January 1, 1994, and December 31, 1996, were eligible (n = 1,167). Information obtained at the initial visit included age; sex; body mass index (BMI); serum total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglyceride, C-peptide, serum creatinine, and hemoglobin A1c (HbA(1c)) levels; and seated systolic and diastolic blood pressures. Outcome was urine albumin-creatinine (Alb/Cr) ratio at the initial visit. Alb/Cr ratios were categorized as normal (Alb/Cr <25 microgram/mg), microalbuminuric (Alb/Cr, 25 to 250 microgram/mg), and macroalbuminuric (Alb/Cr >250 microgram/mg). Patients with macroalbuminuria or creatinine levels of 2 mg/dL or greater were excluded. We used multiple linear regression to assess the joint association between HbA(1c) level, mean arterial pressure (MAP), and log-transformed Alb/Cr, controlling for other covariates. Of 1,044 patients studied, macroalbuminuria was present in 3.8%, and microalbuminuria, in 23.4%. Alb/Cr was independently associated with increased HbA(1c) level (P = 0.0070), MAP (P = 0.0001), BMI (P = 0.0156), log-transformed triglyceride levels (P = 0.0031), C-peptide level of 6.5 ng/mL or greater (P = 0.0007), serum creatinine level (P: = 0.0068), and male sex (P = 0.0220). The relationship between HbA(1c) level and microalbuminuria was stronger in patients with lower BMIs. Microalbuminuria prevalence was high in this population of urban blacks with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes. Risk factors associated with increased Alb/Cr included male sex, poor glycemic control, endogenous hyperinsulinemia, high blood pressure, elevated triglyceride levels, and obesity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA, USA.
authors.forename: K A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Kohler
authors.forename: W M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: McClellan
authors.forename: D C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Ziemer
authors.forename: D G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Kleinbaum
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Boring
mesh_terms: D001741:Black or African American; D000368:Aged; D000419:Albuminuria / Q000209:etiology*; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D003404:Creatinine / Q000652:urine; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000652:urine; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications* / Q000652:urine; D003928:Diabetic Nephropathies / Q000150:complications* / Q000652:urine; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009765:Obesity; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D003404:Creatinine