title: Growth-promoting efficacy in young pigs of two sources of zinc oxide having either a high or a low bioavailability of zinc.
abstract: Commercial sources of zinc oxide (ZnO) differ widely in Zn relative bioavailability (RBV), but it is unknown whether growth-promoting efficacy in young pigs is influenced by RBV of the ZnO sources used. We compared a low-RBV (39%) ZnO manufactured by the Waelz process (W) to a high-RBV (93%) ZnO manufactured by the hydrosulfide process (HS). Antibacterial agents were included in the diet in only one of the four trials (Exp. 4). In Exp. 1, pigs (n = 36, 6.5 kg, 28 d of age) were randomly assigned in three replicates to receive 0, 1,500, or 3,000 mg Zn/kg from HS Zn in a 21-d growth assay. Growth rates and feed intake responded linearly (P < 0.01) to incremental doses of Zn. In Exp. 2, pigs (n = 60, 6.1 kg, 28 d of age) were randomly assigned in five replicates to receive either 0 or 1,500 mg W or HS Zn/kg during a 21-d feeding period. Growth performance was improved (P < 0.01) by the addition of ZnO. During wk 1, however, pigs receiving HS Zn grew faster (P < 0.03) than those receiving W Zn, but the difference diminished to a trend (P < 0.08) during wk 2. Morphology of duodenal, jejunal, and ileal intestinal sections was examined at d 21 of the assay, but neither source of ZnO had an effect on crypt depth or on villus height or width. In Exp. 3, weaned pigs (n = 48, 5.4 kg, 21 d of age) were randomly assigned in four replicates to the same dietary treatments as in Exp. 2 for a 17-d growth assay. Growth performance was improved (P < 0.05) by the addition of ZnO, but no difference was detected between the two sources. In Exp. 4, pigs (n = 60, 6.2 kg, 28 d of age) were randomly assigned in five replicates to receive either 0 or 1,500 mg/kg W or HS Zn in an 11-d growth assay wherein antimicrobial agents were included in the basal diet. Growth rates during the first 6-d were improved (P < 0.06) by the addition of ZnO, with a trend (P < 0.10) for greater weight gain in pigs receiving HS than in those fed W Zn. During the entire 11-d, however, there was no difference in growth rates between pigs fed the two sources of ZnO. In conclusion, RBV of Zn in ZnO did not substantially affect the growth-promoting efficacy of ZnO in young pigs fed diets with or without antimicrobial agents.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Sciences and Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801, USA. imavromi@sca-us.com
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Mavromichalis
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Peter
authors.forename: T M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Parr
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ganessunker
authors.forename: D H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Baker
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed; D000818:Animals; D001682:Biological Availability; D002149:Energy Intake / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D007422:Intestines / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D008297:Male; D013552:Swine / Q000254:growth & development*; D015430:Weight Gain / Q000187:drug effects; D015034:Zinc Oxide / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D015034:Zinc Oxide