title: Pharmacological profiles of selective non-peptidic delta opioid receptor ligands.
abstract: Several non-peptidic opioids have been synthesized recently as part of a program to develop selective delta receptor agonists. In this study, the affinities of a set of compounds for cloned delta and mu opioid receptors expressed in HEK 293 cell lines were determined by competition analysis of [3H]bremazocine binding to membrane preparations. All compounds studied exhibited high affinity and selectivity, with apparent dissociation constants in the range of 0.6-1.7 nM for the delta opioid receptor and 240-1165 nM for the mu opioid receptor. We next sought to determine which domain of the delta receptor was critical for mediating the highly selective binding by analysis of ligand affinities for mu/delta receptor chimeras. Receptor binding profiles suggested that a critical site of receptor/ligand interaction was located between transmembrane domain 5 (TM5) and TM7 of the delta receptor. Substitution of tryptophan 284, located at the extracellular surface of TM6, with lysine, which is found at the equivalent position in the mu opioid receptor, led to a spectrum of effects on affinities, depending on the ligand tested. Affinities of SB 219825 and SB 222941 were particularly sensitive to the substitution, displaying a 50-fold and 70-fold decrease in affinity, respectively. Activities of the delta receptor-selective agonists were tested in two functional assays. Brief exposure of HEK 293 cells expressing delta opioid receptors with selective ligands induced phosphorylation of MAP kinase, although the non-peptidic ligands were less efficacious than the enkephalin derivative DADL (Tyr-D-Ala-Gly-Phe-D-Leu). Similarly, chronic exposure of HEK 293 cells expressing delta opioid receptors with selective, non-peptidic ligands, with the exception of SB 206848, caused receptor down-regulation, however, the SB compounds were less efficacious than DADL.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey-New Jersey Medical School, 185 South Orange Avenue, 07103, Newark, NJ, USA.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Chaturvedi
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: K H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Christoffers
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Chinen
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bandari
authors.forename: L F
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Raveglia
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ronzoni
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Dondio
authors.forename: R D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Howells
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000700:Analgesics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D001575:Benzomorphans / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D001667:Binding, Competitive; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D015536:Down-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D016308:Enkephalin, Leucine-2-Alanine / Q000494:pharmacology; D019204:GTP-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D006576:Heterocyclic Compounds, 4 or More Rings / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D007211:Indoles / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D007546:Isoquinolines / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D007668:Kidney / Q000166:cytology; D008024:Ligands; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009020:Morphine / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D016297:Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; D009270:Naloxone / Q000494:pharmacology; D009292:Narcotic Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D011804:Quinolines / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D011869:Radioligand Assay; D017465:Receptors, Opioid, delta / Q000819:agonists / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics; D017450:Receptors, Opioid, mu / Q000819:agonists / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics; D014316:Tritium
chemical_list: D000700:Analgesics; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D001575:Benzomorphans; D006576:Heterocyclic Compounds, 4 or More Rings; D007211:Indoles; D007546:Isoquinolines; D008024:Ligands; D009292:Narcotic Antagonists; D011804:Quinolines; D017465:Receptors, Opioid, delta; D017450:Receptors, Opioid, mu; C419785:SB 206848; C419786:SB 213698; C419788:SB 219825; C419787:SB 222941; C094142:TAN 67; D014316:Tritium; D009270:Naloxone; D016308:Enkephalin, Leucine-2-Alanine; D009020:Morphine; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D019204:GTP-Binding Proteins; C027248:bremazocine