title: Expansion of Chiari I-associated syringomyelia after posterior-fossa decompression.
abstract: Chiari I malformation (CMI) is an abnormality that involves caudal herniation of the cerebellar tonsils into the foramen magnum. CMI has been shown to be closely associated with the development of syringomyelia (SM).
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Several theories have emerged to explain the apparent correlation between the existence of CMI with subsequent development of SM. However, the exact mechanism of the evolution of SM is still subject to controversy. We report here the case of a 12-year-old girl admitted to hospital with headache, vomiting, ataxia, and moderate pyramidal signs.
  
  
  METHODS
  Radiological evaluation revealed the presence of CMI, accompanied by a small SM. The patient underwent posterior fossa decompression and improved significantly. She was re-admitted 6 months later with clinical evidence of progressive spinal cord dysfunction. MR revealed gross expansion of the syrinx.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This case raises questions regarding the pathophysiology of CMI and its association with SM. The case indicates the need for neurological and radiological follow-up for patients undergoing posterior fossa decompression due to CMI, even for those without an initial syrinx. This is the first report known to us of expansion of a syrinx following decompression of an associated CMI.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, The Zlotowski Center for Neuroscience, Faculty of Health Science, Ben Gurion University, Beer-Sheva, Israel.
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Gil
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rao
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Constantini
mesh_terms: D001139:Arnold-Chiari Malformation / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery*; D002648:Child; D003388:Cranial Fossa, Posterior / Q000601:surgery; D019299:Decompression, Surgical / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007405:Intervertebral Disc Displacement / Q000175:diagnosis; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D018908:Muscle Weakness / Q000209:etiology; D013595:Syringomyelia / Q000150:complications / Q000209:etiology* / Q000601:surgery