title: Apomorphine: an update of clinical trial results.
abstract: Apomorphine SL (TAP Holdings, Deerfield, IL) is a centrally acting treatment for erectile dysfunction (ED) that has been undergoing phase III trials. Over 3000 men have received apomorphine SL and over 75,000 doses have been taken. In the first three phase III parallel arm cross-over double-blind studies 854 patients were given a total of 8263 tablets of apomorphine SL in 2 and 4 mg doses. The patients were between 18 and 70 y old and outcome measures included per attempt rates of intercourse and erections firm enough for intercourse as well as psychometric instruments and partner responses. The majority (74.1%) had moderate and severe grades of ED on admission to the studies, 31% had hypertension, 16% had documented coronary artery disease, 16% had dyslipidemia and 16% had diabetes. Erections occurred rapidly (10-25 min) and in 54.4% of attempts at 4 mg (vs 33.8% placebo). A majority of the attempts at intercourse (50.6%) were successful at 4 mg in patients when recorded on a per-attempt basis. The most common but infrequent and mild side effect of nausea decreases with use. The phase III trials of apomorphine SL show that there is a clinically important restoration of erectile function from this new formulation of apomorphine. It has a rapid and safe effect through action in the central nervous system. Apomorphine SL brings a new choice to the management of ED that will further benefit the millions of couples affected. International Journal of Impotence Research (2000) 12, Suppl 4, S67-S73.
authors.affiliation: Queen's University, Kingston General Hospital, Kingston, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Heaton
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001058:Apomorphine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017326:Clinical Trials, Phase III as Topic; D003075:Coitus; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D018491:Dopamine Agonists / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D007172:Erectile Dysfunction / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009325:Nausea / Q000139:chemically induced; D010410:Penile Erection / Q000187:drug effects; D012107:Research Design; D012449:Safety; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D018491:Dopamine Agonists; D001058:Apomorphine