title: Effects of econazole on receptor-operated and depolarization-induced contractions in rat isolated aorta.
abstract: In our previous study, econazole caused a decrease in serum nitrite levels in septic mice in vivo, but it enhanced the mortality rate. The aim of the study was to investigate the in vitro effects of econazole on receptor-operated and depolarization-induced contractions on endothelium-intact and -denuded rat isolated aorta. Econazole (0.1, 1 and 10 microM) significantly inhibited receptor-operated (phenylephrine, Phe) and depolarization (KCl)-induced contractions of endothelium-intact or -denuded rings in a noncompetitive and concentration-dependent manner. Removal of endothelium changed the pD'2 values only for KCl-induced responses. The pD'2 values of L-type calcium channel blocker nifedipine were significantly higher than the econazole on Phe concentration-response curves in endothelium-intact and -denuded rings. Econazole caused a biphasic response in precontracted by Phe or KCl in endothelium-intact and -denuded rings, first a transient contraction following sustained relaxation. Removal of endothelium did not affect the contractile responses induced by Phe. The contractile responses induced by 10 microM econazole in the KCl-precontracted rings were antagonized by the treatment of alpha-adrenergic receptor antagonist, phentolamine (10 microM). Deendothelization was significantly increased the IC50 values of econazole obtained from Phe- and KCl-precontractions. The relaxations induced by 10 microM econazole in endothelium-intact rings precontracted with Phe or KCl were not changed by NO synthase inhibitor, L-N(G)-nitroarginine (100 microM). The IC50 values of econazole were significantly higher than nifedipine in endothelium-intact and -denuded rings. These results suggest that econazole is a noncompetitive antagonist on alpha1-adrenoceptor-mediated and depolarization-induced contractions in rat isolated aorta by inhibiting Ca2+ entry through L-type calcium channels, and the endothelium seems to modulate vascular responses induced by this agent. The vascular effects of econazole may limit the usage of this agent in septic shock.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Tunçtan
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Altuğ
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Uludağ
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Abacioğlu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001011:Aorta / Q000187:drug effects*; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers / Q000494:pharmacology; D015220:Calcium Channels / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004347:Drug Interactions; D004464:Econazole / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008297:Male; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D009126:Muscle Relaxation / Q000187:drug effects; D009131:Muscle, Smooth, Vascular / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D009467:Neuromuscular Depolarizing Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009543:Nifedipine / Q000494:pharmacology; D019335:Nitroarginine / Q000494:pharmacology; D010646:Phentolamine / Q000494:pharmacology; D010656:Phenylephrine / Q000494:pharmacology; D011189:Potassium Chloride / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D018340:Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-1 / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D000935:Antifungal Agents; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers; D015220:Calcium Channels; D009467:Neuromuscular Depolarizing Agents; D018340:Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-1; D010656:Phenylephrine; D019335:Nitroarginine; D011189:Potassium Chloride; D004464:Econazole; D009543:Nifedipine; D002118:Calcium; D010646:Phentolamine