title: Conversion to rapamycin immunosuppression in renal transplant recipients: report of an initial experience.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of RAPA conversion in patients undergoing cyclosporine (CsA) or tacrolimus (Tac) toxicity.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty renal transplant recipients were switched to fixed dose rapamycin (RAPA) (5 mg/day) 0 to 204 months posttransplant. Drug monitoring was not initially used to adjust doses. The indications for switch were chronic CsA or Tac nephrotoxicity (12), acute CsA or Tac toxicity (3), severe facial dysmorphism (2), posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD) in remission (2), and hepatotoxicity in 1. Follow-up is 7 to 24 months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the 12 patients switched because of chronic nephrotoxicity there was a significant decrease in serum creatinine [233+/-34 to 210+/-56 micromol/liter (P<0.05) at 6 months]. Facial dysmorphism improved in two patients. No relapse of PTLD was observed. Five patients developed pneumonia (two Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, one infectious mononucleosis with polyclonal PTLD lung infiltrate) and two had bronchiolitis obliterans. There were no deaths. RAPA was discontinued in four patients, because of pneumonia in two, PTLD in one, and oral aphtous ulcers in one. RAPA levels were high (>15 ng/ml) in 7 of 13 (54%) patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  RAPA conversion provides adequate immunosuppression to enable CsA withdrawal. However, when converting patients to RAPA drug levels should be monitored to avoid over-immunosuppression and adequate antiviral and Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia prophylaxis should be given.
authors.affiliation: Transplant Service, Dalhousie University and The Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dominguez
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mahalati
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kiberd
authors.forename: V C
authors.initials: VC
authors.lastname: McAlister
authors.forename: A S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: MacDonald
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001794:Blood Pressure; D016572:Cyclosporine / Q000633:toxicity; D005260:Female; D006084:Graft Rejection / Q000517:prevention & control; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000276:immunology*; D008232:Lymphoproliferative Disorders / Q000209:etiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011014:Pneumonia / Q000209:etiology; D020123:Sirolimus / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016559:Tacrolimus / Q000633:toxicity
chemical_list: D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D016572:Cyclosporine; D020123:Sirolimus; D016559:Tacrolimus