title: Study of adjuvant effect of model surfactants from the groups of alkyl sulfates, alkylbenzene sulfonates, alcohol ethoxylates and soaps.
abstract: The sodium salts of representatives of anionic surfactants, dodecylbenzene sulfonate (SDBS), dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and coconut oil fatty acids, and a nonionic surfactant, dodecyl alcohol ethoxylate, were studied for adjuvant effect on the production of specific IgE antibodies in mice. The surfactants were injected subcutaneously (sc) in concentrations of 1000, 100, 10 or 1 mg/l, respectively, together with 1 microg of ovalbumin (OVA). In addition, groups of mice received OVA in saline (control group) or in Al(OH)(3) (positive adjuvant control group). After the primary immunization the mice were boosted up to three times with OVA (0.1 microg sc) in saline. OVA-specific IgE antibodies were determined by the heterologous mouse rat passive cutaneous anaphylaxis test. The results were confirmed by a specific ELISA method. After the first booster, the Al(OH)(3) group and the 10 mg/l SDS group showed a statistically significant increase in OVA specific IgE levels. After two boosters, a statistically significant suppression in OVA-specific IgE production occurred with SDS (1000 mg/l), SDBS (1000 and 100 mg/l), coconut soap (1000 mg/l) and the alcohol ethoxylate (10 mg/l). This study suggests that a limited number of surfactants possess an adjuvant effect whereas all surfactants at certain levels can suppress specific IgE production.
authors.affiliation: The National Institute of Occupational Health, Lersø Parkallé 105, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. sc@ami.dk
authors.forename: S K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Clausen
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sobhani
authors.forename: O M
authors.initials: OM
authors.lastname: Poulsen
authors.forename: L K
authors.initials: LK
authors.lastname: Poulsen
authors.forename: G D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Nielsen
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D000818:Animals; D021461:Animals, Outbred Strains; D001555:Benzene Derivatives / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D000074263:Coconut Oil; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000276:immunology; D007279:Injections, Subcutaneous; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D010047:Ovalbumin / Q000276:immunology; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012967:Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D013501:Surface-Active Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D001555:Benzene Derivatives; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D010938:Plant Oils; D013501:Surface-Active Agents; C041588:dodecylbenzene; D012967:Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; D010047:Ovalbumin; C116996:genapol X 080; C028913:dodecyl sulfate; D000074263:Coconut Oil