title: Colorectal cancer screening by detection of altered human DNA in stool: feasibility of a multitarget assay panel.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Assay of altered DNA exfoliated into stool represents an intriguing approach to screen for colorectal neoplasia, but multiple markers must be targeted because of genetic heterogeneity. We explored the feasibility of a stool assay panel of selected DNA alterations in discriminating subjects with colorectal neoplasia from those without.
  
  
  METHODS
  Freezer-archived stools were analyzed in blinded fashion from 22 patients with colorectal cancer, 11 with adenomas > or =1 cm, and 28 with endoscopically normal colons. After isolation of human DNA from stool by sequence-specific hybrid capture, assay targets included point mutations at any of 15 sites on K-ras, p53, and APC genes; Bat-26, a microsatellite instability marker; and highly amplifiable DNA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Analyzable human DNA was recovered from all stools. Sensitivity was 91% (95% confidence interval, 71%-99%) for cancer and 82% (48%-98%) for adenomas > or =1 cm with a specificity of 93% (76%-99%). Excluding K-ras from the panel, sensitivities for cancer were unchanged but decreased slightly for adenomas to 73% (39%-94%), while specificity increased to 100% (88%-100%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Assay of altered DNA holds promise as a stool screening approach for colorectal neoplasia. Larger clinical investigations are indicated.
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Biostatistics, and Division of Molecular Genetics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA. ahlquist.david@mayo.edu
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Ahlquist
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Skoletsky
authors.forename: K A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Boynton
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Harrington
authors.forename: D W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Mahoney
authors.forename: W E
authors.initials: WE
authors.lastname: Pierceall
authors.forename: S N
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Thibodeau
authors.forename: A P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Shuber
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics; D000236:Adenoma / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003110:Colonic Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics; D004247:DNA / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm / Q000032:analysis*; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005243:Feces / Q000737:chemistry*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010865:Pilot Projects; D012004:Rectal Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics; D012016:Reference Values; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D016037:Single-Blind Method
chemical_list: D004273:DNA, Neoplasm; D004247:DNA