title: Hyperinsulinemia enhances transcriptional activity of nuclear factor-kappaB induced by angiotensin II, hyperglycemia, and advanced glycosylation end products in vascular smooth muscle cells.
abstract: Pathogenesis of macrovascular complications of diabetes may involve an activation of the transcription factor nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) by hyperglycemia and advanced glycosylation end products (AGEs). Activation of NF-kappaB is believed to be dependent on activation of the Rho family of GTPases. Although the precise mechanism of the Rho-mediated action is not completely understood, posttranslational modification of the Rho proteins by geranylgeranylation is required for their subsequent activation. We observed that in cultured vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), insulin stimulated the activity of geranylgeranyltransferase (GGTase) I and increased the amounts of geranylgeranylated Rho-A from 47% to 60% (P:<0.05). GGTI-286, an inhibitor of GGTase I, blocked both effects of insulin. Increased availability of prenylated Rho-A significantly augmented the abilities of angiotensin II (Ang II), hyperglycemia, and AGEs to activate NF-kappaB, as measured by NF-kappaB response-element luciferase reporter activity. Preincubations of VSMCs with insulin for 24 hours doubled NF-kappaB transactivation by Ang II, hyperglycemia, and AGEs. This priming effect of insulin was completely inhibited by GGTI-286. We demonstrate for the first time, to our knowledge, that insulin potentiates NF-kappaB-dependent transcriptional activity induced by hyperglycemia, AGEs, and Ang II in VSMCs by increasing the activity of GGTase I and the availability of geranylgeranylated Rho-A.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine and Research Service of the Denver VA Medical Center, Denver, Colorado, USA.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Golovchenko
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Goalstone
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Watson
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Brownlee
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Draznin
mesh_terms: D019883:Alkyl and Aryl Transferases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D000804:Angiotensin II / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004357:Drug Synergism; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D017930:Genes, Reporter; D017127:Glycation End Products, Advanced / Q000494:pharmacology; D006943:Hyperglycemia / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006946:Hyperinsulinism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D007328:Insulin / Q000494:pharmacology; D008156:Luciferases / Q000235:genetics; D009131:Muscle, Smooth, Vascular / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000187:drug effects; D013997:Time Factors; D014158:Transcription, Genetic / Q000187:drug effects; D014162:Transfection
chemical_list: D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D017127:Glycation End Products, Advanced; D007328:Insulin; D016328:NF-kappa B; D000804:Angiotensin II; D008156:Luciferases; D019883:Alkyl and Aryl Transferases; C083291:geranylgeranyltransferase type-I