title: An evaluation of the process and costs associated with targeted lookbacks for HCV and general notification of transfusion recipients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The Commission of Inquiry on the Blood System in Canada recommended that hospitals notify patients who received blood between 1978 and May 1990 of the risks of contracting HIV (up to the end of 1985 only) and HCV infection. The commission also recommended that patients should be informed of any transfusion received.
  
  
  METHODS
  General notifications for HIV and HCV for this period were begun in mid-1994. Notification after discharge of transfusions received after May 1990 was begun in 1997. Targeted HCV lookback was performed from 1995 to 1999.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 21,016 transfusion recipients from January 1978 to May 1990 identified in the general look-back process and believed still alive, 13,549 (64%) were presumed contacted, by registered mail. The overall contact rate for the ongoing notifications (transfusions after May 1990) cannot be accurately determined, as registered mail was not used and a reply not requested. The total cost for these two processes was CAN$373,481, or $13 per patient believed contacted. Most (56%) of this cost was for the conversion to electronic form of paper transfusion records for the period 1978 through early 1984. In the targeted HCV lookback program 1995 through 1999, 94 percent of 256 recipients of specific components identified as likely to have transmitted HCV either were contacted or had died. Of 84 living recipients, 47 (56%) are HCV positive. The last documented potential seroconversion occurred after a transfusion in November 1991, during the period of first-generation EIA testing. If the targeted HCV lookback had been restricted to transfusions after 1987, as the FDA recommended, we would have failed to identify 39 living patients, of whom 21 are HCV positive. The cost per HCV-positive patient notified in the targeted HCV lookback was CAN $4,174.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The cost of compliance with the com-mission's recommendations was CAN$569,636. Over 28,000 of 36,773 transfusion recipients were notified or presumed notified, and 272 targeted HCV lookbacks to 256 recipients were performed. Performance of this task required the existence of transfusion records back to 1978, conversion of paper records to electronic form, and adequate secretarial and financial support.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Pathology, Sunnybrook and Women's College Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. jeannie.callum@swch5c.on.ca
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Callum
authors.forename: P H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Pinkerton
authors.forename: A S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Coovadia
authors.forename: A E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Thomson
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Dewsbury
mesh_terms: D001803:Blood Transfusion / Q000191:economics / Q000592:standards; D003365:Costs and Cost Analysis; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000235:genetics; D006679:HIV Seropositivity / Q000097:blood / Q000635:transmission; D006526:Hepatitis C / Q000635:transmission*; D006801:Humans; D021141:Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques; D065227:Transfusion Reaction
chemical_list: D004279:DNA, Viral