title: Replacement of the tricuspid valve in children with congenital cardiac malformations.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  When replacing the regurgitant tricuspid valve in children, the decision to use either a bioprosthesis or a mechanical valve remains controversial.
  
  
  METHODS
  The atrioventricular valve for the pulmonary circulation was replaced in 11 young patients aged between 8 months and 13 years. Complications of congenital cardiac malformation were present in seven patients, and Ebstein's anomaly in three; tricuspid valvular regurgitation was an isolated lesion in one patient. A bioprosthesis was implanted on seven occasions, and a bileaflet mechanical valve on eight, including re-replacement of the valve in four patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One patient died two years after implantation due to respiratory problems. Tricuspid stenosis due to valve calcification occurred in four bioprostheses at between four and nine years after initial replacement (57%). In three of these cases the native valve leaflets had not been removed. Thrombosis occurred in one patient with a mechanical valve; rereplacement was successful. Anticoagulant-related hemorrhage occurred in another patient. Among patients receiving a mechanical valve, 83% of valves were dysfunction-free after five and ten years.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  When replacing an atrioventricular valve for the pulmonary circulation in children, we prefer to use a low-profile mechanical valve, especially when extensive repair of intracardiac malformation has been carried out, but ventricular function is good. In children with poor cardiac performance, a bioprosthesis is preferred, with total resection of the native valve leaflets.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, National Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Osaka, Japan.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kawahira
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yagihara
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Uemura
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yoshizumi
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yoshikawa
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kitamura
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001705:Bioprosthesis; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004437:Ebstein Anomaly / Q000150:complications; D006330:Heart Defects, Congenital / Q000601:surgery*; D006350:Heart Valve Prosthesis; D019918:Heart Valve Prosthesis Implantation; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D012086:Reoperation; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014261:Tricuspid Valve / Q000601:surgery; D014262:Tricuspid Valve Insufficiency / Q000601:surgery*