title: Severity of neonatal retinopathy of prematurity is predictive of neurodevelopmental functional outcome at age 5.5 years. Behalf of the Cryotherapy for Retinopathy of Prematurity Cooperative Group.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to assess the relation between neonatal retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) in very low birth weight infants and neurodevelopmental function at age 5.5 years.
  
  
  METHODS
  Longitudinal follow-up of children occurred in 2 cohorts of the Multicenter Cryotherapy for Retinopathy of Prematurity Study. The extended natural history cohort followed 1199 survivors of <1251 g birth weight from 5 centers. The threshold randomized cohort (ThRz) followed 255 infants <1251 g from 23 centers who developed threshold ROP and who consented to cryotherapy to not more than 1 eye. At 5.5 years both cohorts had ophthalmic and acuity testing and neurodevelopmental functional status determined with the Functional Independence Measure for Children (WeeFIM).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Evaluations were completed on 88.7% of the extended natural history cohort; 87% had globally normal functional skills (WeeFIM: >95). As ROP severity increased, rates of severe disability increased from 3.7% among those with no ROP, to 19.7% of those with threshold ROP. Multiple logistic regression analysis demonstrated that better functional status was associated with favorable visual acuity, favorable 2-year neurological score, absence of threshold ROP, having private health insurance, and black race. Evaluations were completed on 87.4% of the ThRz children. In each functional domain, the 134 children with favorable acuity in their better eye had fewer disabilities than did the 82 children with unfavorable acuity: self-care disability 25.4% versus 76.8%, continency disability 4.5% versus 50.0%, motor disability 5.2% versus 42.7%, and communicative-social cognitive disability 22.4% versus 65.9%, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Severity of neonatal ROP seems to be a marker for functional disability at age 5. 5 years among very low birth weight survivors. High rates of functional limitations in multiple domains occur in children who had threshold ROP, particularly if they have unfavorable visual acuity.
authors.affiliation: Child Development Center, Hasbro Children's Hospital, Brown University School of Medicine, Providence, Rhode Island, USA.
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Msall
authors.forename: D L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Phelps
authors.forename: K M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: DiGaudio
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Dobson
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Tung
authors.forename: R E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: McClead
authors.forename: G E
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Quinn
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Reynolds
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Hardy
authors.forename: E A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Palmer
mesh_terms: D002675:Child, Preschool; D015331:Cohort Studies; D017679:Cryotherapy; D002658:Developmental Disabilities / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007230:Infant, Low Birth Weight; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D009422:Nervous System Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D009460:Neurologic Examination / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012178:Retinopathy of Prematurity / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D016019:Survival Analysis; D014792:Visual Acuity