title: Gastrointestinal symptoms rating scale in coeliac disease patients on wheat starch-based gluten-free diets.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A wheat starch-based gluten-free diet is widely adopted in the treatment of coeliac disease, even though the products contain trace amounts of gluten. The aim here was to establish whether such a diet sustains abdominal symptoms.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale (GSRS) was applied to 58 coeliac disease patients on gluten-free diets and 110 non-coeliac controls. An estimate was made of daily dietary fibre and wheat starch-derived gluten. Psychological well-being was evaluated by a structured interview. Twenty-three coeliac patients consented to small-bowel biopsy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean GSRS score in coeliac disease patients did not differ from that in control subjects. Poorer psychological well-being was associated with abdominal symptoms in coeliac patients, whereas the daily amount of wheat starch had no effect on GSRS score. Overall dietary compliance was good, and villous atrophy was found in only 2 out of 23 patients. The average fibre consumption, 13 g per day, was lower than recommended.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Wheat starch-based gluten-free products are well-tolerated in coeliac disease patients, provided that their diets are otherwise strict.
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Medicine, Tampere University Hospital, University of Tampere, Finland.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lohiniemi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mäki
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kaukinen
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Laippala
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Collin
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002446:Celiac Disease / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000178:diet therapy* / Q000523:psychology; D004043:Dietary Fiber / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005260:Female; D005983:Glutens; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010349:Patient Compliance; D011788:Quality of Life; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D014908:Triticum
chemical_list: D004043:Dietary Fiber; D005983:Glutens