title: Long-term kinetic study of beta-carotene, using accelerator mass spectrometry in an adult volunteer.
abstract: We present a sensitive tracer method, suitable for in vivo human research, that uses beta-[(14)C]carotene coupled with accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) detection. Using this approach, the concentration-time course of a physiological (306 microgram 200 nCi) oral dose of beta-[(14)C]carotene was determined for 209 days in plasma. Analytes included beta-[(14)C]carotene, [(14)C]retinyl esters, [(14)C]retinol, and several [(14)C]retinoic acids. There was a 5.5-h lag between dosing and the appearance of (14)C in plasma. Labeled beta-carotene and [(14)C]retinyl esters rose and displayed several maxima with virtually identical kinetic profiles over the first 24-h period; elevated [(14)C]retinyl ester concentrations were sustained in the plasma compartment for >21 h postdosing. The appearance of [(14)C]retinol in plasma was also delayed 5.5 h postdosing and its concentration rose linearly for 28 h before declining. Cumulative urine and stool were collected for 17 and 10 days, respectively, and 57.4% of the dose was recovered in the stool within 48 h postdosing. The stool was the major excretion route for the absorbed dose. The turnover times (1/k(el)) for beta-carotene and retinol were 58 and 302 days, respectively. Area under the curve analysis of the plasma response curves suggested a molar vitamin A value of 0.53 for beta-carotene, with a minimum of 62% of the absorbed beta-carotene being cleaved to vitamin A.In summary, AMS is an excellent tool for defining the in vivo metabolic behavior of beta-carotene and related compounds at physiological concentrations. Further, our data suggest that retinyl esters derived from beta-carotene may undergo hepatic resecretion with VLDL in a process similar to that observed for beta-carotene.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
authors.forename: S R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Dueker
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: B A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Buchholz
authors.forename: P D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Schneider
authors.forename: M W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Lamé
authors.forename: H J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Segall
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Vogel
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Clifford
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001682:Biological Availability; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D002250:Carbon Radioisotopes; D005243:Feces / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D007553:Isotope Labeling / Q000379:methods; D007700:Kinetics; D008297:Male; D010788:Photosynthesis; D018724:Spinacia oleracea; D014212:Tretinoin / Q000097:blood; D014801:Vitamin A / Q000097:blood; D019207:beta Carotene / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000652:urine
chemical_list: D002250:Carbon Radioisotopes; D019207:beta Carotene; D014801:Vitamin A; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D014212:Tretinoin