title: Measurement of trihalomethanes in potable and recreational waters using solid phase micro extraction with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.
abstract: Solid phase micro extraction (SPME) was applied to the determination of selected trihalomethanes (THMs), chloroform, bromodichloromethane, dibromochloromethane, bromoform, in potable and recreational waters. The selected samples were environmentally significant due to mandatory limits imposed by regulatory agencies. Extraction of the analytes was performed using headspace SPME (fused silica fibre with a 100 microm poly(dimethylsiloxane coating) followed by thermal desorption at 220 degrees C and GC-MS analysis. A linear working range of 10-160 microg/l was established with relative standard deviations (%RSD) within the range, 0.9-19%. Limits of detection (LOD) were 1.0-2.8 microg/l. The highest THM concentration was 61.8 microg/l which was well within the proposed European Union directive of 100 microg/l. The total THMs determined in swimming pool waters ranged from 105-134 microg/l, with chloroform accounting for 84-86% of total THM.
authors.affiliation: Chemistry Department, Cork Institute of Technology, Bishopstown, Ireland. mstackenvdept@tinet.ie
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Stack
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Fitzgerald
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: O'Connell
authors.forename: K J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: James
mesh_terms: D001966:Bromine / Q000737:chemistry; D002713:Chlorine / Q000737:chemistry; D002725:Chloroform / Q000032:analysis; D004203:Disinfection; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods*; D006812:Humic Substances / Q000737:chemistry; D013551:Swimming Pools; D022882:Trihalomethanes / Q000032:analysis*; D014867:Water / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D006812:Humic Substances; D022882:Trihalomethanes; D014867:Water; C032707:chlorodibromomethane; D002713:Chlorine; C025191:bromodichloromethane; D002725:Chloroform; D001966:Bromine; C015044:bromoform