title: Attenuation of isoproterenol-mediated myocardial injury in rat by an inhibitor of polyamine synthesis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) is an initial rate-limiting enzyme in the synthesis of polyamines (putrescine, spermidine, and spermine) that play a role in cell growth and differentiation. Recent studies have shown that spermidine and spermine cause injury to a variety of cells including myocytes in vitro. In this investigation, we used alpha-difluoromethylornithine (DFMO), a specific and irreversible inhibitor of ODC activity and polyamine synthesis to test the hypothesis that polyamines contribute to myocardial injury in rat.
  
  
  METHODS
  Male Sprague Dawley rats were treated with (i) saline (0.2 ml/day, s.c.), (ii) isoproterenol (ISO) (5 mg/kg/day for 8 days, s.c.) to produce necrotizing myocardial injury, or with (iii) DFMO + ISO. DFMO was started 2 days before the initiation of ISO and both ISO and DFMO were continued until the end of the experimental period. Myocardial injury was assessed by determining the increased release of creatine phosphokinase (CPK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) into the plasma, and by morphometric analysis of the lesion area in heart sections stained with Gomori trichrome.
  
  
  RESULTS
  ISO induced the release of CPK and LDH by 6 hr and 24 hr, respectively, and produced subendocardial necrosis, which was both acute and resolving following 8 days of ISO. DFMO treatment inhibited ISO-induced increases in (i) ODC activity and putrescine and spermidine levels in heart, (ii) CPK and LDH activity in plasma, and (iii) the area of subendocardial lesions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These observations suggest that polyamines are one of the intracellular factors that contribute to ISO-mediated cardiac injury in the rat.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, The University of Texas, Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555-0609, USA.
authors.forename: U R
authors.initials: UR
authors.lastname: Tipnis
authors.forename: G Y
authors.initials: GY
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Campbell
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Boor
mesh_terms: D000318:Adrenergic beta-Agonists / Q000633:toxicity*; D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers; D003402:Creatine Kinase / Q000097:blood; D000518:Eflornithine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007545:Isoproterenol / Q000633:toxicity*; D008297:Male; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D065108:Ornithine Decarboxylase Inhibitors; D011073:Polyamines / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D011700:Putrescine / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000096:biosynthesis; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013095:Spermidine / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000096:biosynthesis; D013096:Spermine / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000096:biosynthesis
chemical_list: D000318:Adrenergic beta-Agonists; D015415:Biomarkers; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D065108:Ornithine Decarboxylase Inhibitors; D011073:Polyamines; D013096:Spermine; D003402:Creatine Kinase; D007545:Isoproterenol; D013095:Spermidine; D011700:Putrescine; D000518:Eflornithine