title: A clinical nomogram for predicting long-term survival in advanced colorectal cancer.
abstract: From our prospectively accrued database of patients with gastrointestinal cancer, 1057 patients with advanced colorectal cancer were identified with the aim of determining predictive factors for survival of greater than 2 years and to use this information to develop a predictive nomogram. Patient's baseline characteristics, type and number of chemotherapy regimens received, and response to chemotherapy were assessed by univariate and multivariate logistic regression comparing those who survived greater than or less than 2 years. A total of 161 (15.2%) patients survived more than 2 years, so-called long survivors (LS). In multivariate analysis, positive predictive factors for LS were: good performance status (PS), normal serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), rectal primary, Dukes' stage A-B, well or moderate differentiation, two or less disease sites, response to chemotherapy and treatment used protracted venous infusion (PVI) 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) in first-line chemotherapy, and the increasing number of chemotherapy treatments received. From these PS, CEA, number of sites and response to first-line chemotherapy were used to develop a nomogram capable of predicting the probability of survival beyond 2 years for an individual patient. This large study confirmed the relevance of known prognostic factors in metastatic colorectal cancer and demonstrated the importance of response to chemotherapy as an independent factor to predict LS. By combining these, we developed a nomogram which provides information which is likely to prove useful in the management of patients with advanced colorectal cancer.
authors.affiliation: The Department of Medicine and GI Unit, The Royal Marsden NHST, London and Sutton, SM2 5PT, Surrey, UK.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Massacesi
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Norman
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Price
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hill
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ross
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Cunningham
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002272:Carcinoembryonic Antigen / Q000097:blood; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016019:Survival Analysis; D017211:Treatment Failure
chemical_list: D002272:Carcinoembryonic Antigen