title: VLDL, apolipoproteins B, CIII, and E, and risk of recurrent coronary events in the Cholesterol and Recurrent Events (CARE) trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Plasma triglyceride concentration has been an inconsistent independent risk factor for coronary heart disease, perhaps because of the metabolic heterogeneity among VLDL particles, the main carriers of triglycerides in plasma.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We conducted a prospective, nested case-control study in the Cholesterol and Recurrent Events (CARE) trial, a randomized placebo-controlled trial of pravastatin in 4159 patients with myocardial infarction and average LDL concentrations at baseline (115 to 174 mg/dL, mean 139 mg/dL). Baseline concentrations of VLDL-apolipoprotein (apo) B (the VLDL particle concentration), VLDL lipids, and apoCIII and apoE in VLDL+LDL and in HDL were compared in patients who had either a myocardial infarction or coronary death (cases, n=418) with those in patients who did not have a cardiovascular event (control subjects, n=370) in 5 years of follow-up. VLDL-cholesterol, VLDL-triglyceride, VLDL-apoB, apoCIII and apoE in VLDL+LDL and apoE in HDL were all interrelated, and each was a univariate predictor of subsequent coronary events. The significant independent predictors were VLDL-apoB (relative risk [RR] 3.2 for highest to lowest quintiles, P:=0.04), apoCIII in VLDL+LDL (RR 2.3, P:=0.04), and apoE in HDL (RR 1.8, P:=0.02). Plasma triglycerides, a univariate predictor of coronary events (RR 1.6, P:=0.03), was not related to coronary events (RR 1.3, P:=0.6) when apoCIII in VLDL+LDL was included in the model, whereas apoCIII remained significant. Adjustment for LDL- and HDL-cholesterol did not affect these results.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The plasma concentrations of VLDL particles and apoCIII in VLDL and LDL are more specific measures of coronary heart disease risk than plasma triglycerides perhaps because their known metabolic properties link them more closely to atherosclerosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA. fsacks@hsph.harvard.edu
authors.forename: F M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Sacks
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Alaupovic
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Moye
authors.forename: T G
authors.initials: TG
authors.lastname: Cole
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Sussex
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Stampfer
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Pfeffer
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Braunwald
mesh_terms: D053305:Apolipoprotein C-III; D001055:Apolipoproteins B / Q000097:blood*; D001056:Apolipoproteins C / Q000097:blood*; D001057:Apolipoproteins E / Q000097:blood*; D001824:Body Constitution; D015992:Body Mass Index; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D015243:Cholesterol, VLDL / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000097:blood* / Q000188:drug therapy; D017035:Pravastatin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012008:Recurrence; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D053305:Apolipoprotein C-III; D001055:Apolipoproteins B; D001056:Apolipoproteins C; D001057:Apolipoproteins E; D015243:Cholesterol, VLDL; D014280:Triglycerides; D017035:Pravastatin