title: Antimicrobial resistance of Neisseria gonorrhoeae and emerging ciprofloxacin resistance in the Netherlands, 1991 to 1998.
abstract: Surveillance of antibiotic resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae showed a decrease in the percentage of beta-lactamase-producing isolates but an increase in intermediately penicillin-resistant strains and strains resistant to a high level of tetracycline. MICs for the ciprofloxacin-resistant isolates that emerged increased, and these isolates had mutations in gyrA and parC similar to those observed in the Far East.
authors.affiliation: Research Laboratory for Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Public Health and the Environment, 3720 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands. Han.de.Neeling@rivm.nl
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: de Neeling
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: van Santen-Verheuvel
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Spaargaren
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Willems
mesh_terms: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002939:Ciprofloxacin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D027081:DNA Gyrase; D027101:DNA Topoisomerase IV; D004250:DNA Topoisomerases, Type II / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D004352:Drug Resistance, Microbial / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D009344:Neisseria gonorrhoeae / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology; D009426:Netherlands; D001618:beta-Lactamases / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D002939:Ciprofloxacin; D001618:beta-Lactamases; D027101:DNA Topoisomerase IV; D027081:DNA Gyrase; D004250:DNA Topoisomerases, Type II