title: The Arabidopsis aldehyde oxidase 3 (AAO3) gene product catalyzes the final step in abscisic acid biosynthesis in leaves.
abstract: Abscisic acid (ABA) is a plant hormone involved in seed development and germination and in responses to various environmental stresses. The last step of ABA biosynthesis involves oxidation of abscisic aldehyde, and aldehyde oxidase (EC ) is thought to catalyze this reaction. An aldehyde oxidase isoform, AOdelta, encoded by AAO3, one of four Arabidopsis aldehyde oxidase genes (AAO1, AAO2, AAO3, and AAO4), is the most likely candidate for the enzyme, because it can efficiently catalyze the oxidation of abscisic aldehyde to ABA. Here, we report the isolation and characterization of an ABA-deficient Arabidopsis mutant that maps at the AAO3 locus. The mutant exhibits a wilty phenotype in rosette leaves, but seed dormancy is not affected. ABA levels were significantly reduced in the mutant leaves, explaining the wilty phenotype in rosettes, whereas the level in the mutant seeds was less reduced. No AOdelta activity could be detected in the rosette leaves of the mutant. Sequence data showed that the mutant contains a G to A substitution in the AAO3 gene. The mutation causes incorrect splicing of the ninth intron of AAO3 mRNA. We thus conclude that the ABA-deficient mutant is impaired in the AAO3 gene and that the gene product, AOdelta, is an aldehyde oxidase that catalyzes the last step of ABA biosynthesis in Arabidopsis, specifically in rosette leaves. Other aldehyde oxidases may be involved in ABA biosynthesis in other organs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji-shi, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Seo
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Peeters
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Koiwai
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Oritani
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Marion-Poll
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Zeevaart
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Koornneef
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kamiya
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Koshiba
mesh_terms: D000040:Abscisic Acid / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000378:metabolism; D042931:Aldehyde Oxidase; D000445:Aldehyde Oxidoreductases / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; D002384:Catalysis; D002874:Chromosome Mapping; D015870:Gene Expression; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism; D016296:Mutagenesis; D010641:Phenotype; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; D007527:Isoenzymes; D000040:Abscisic Acid; D000445:Aldehyde Oxidoreductases; C467964:AAO1 protein, Arabidopsis; C470342:AAO3 protein, Arabidopsis; C467966:AAO4 protein, Arabidopsis; D042931:Aldehyde Oxidase