title: Evoked potentials for the evaluation of latent hepatic encephalopathy in pediatric liver transplant candidates.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Visual evoked potentials (VEPs) and brain stem auditory evoked potentials (BAEPs) have been proposed as tools in the diagnosis of subclinical hepatic encephalopathy (HE). However, little information exists to determine their usefulness in pediatric patients. This study was undertaken to evaluate both methods in the detection of subclinical HE in pediatric liver transplant candidates.
  
  
  METHODS
  VEPs and BAEPs were recorded in 15 pediatric liver transplant candidates with no clinical signs of HE. The wave latencies found in these examinations were then compared with those in 16 healthy controls of similar age. Laboratory data on liver function and electroencephalographic data from the patients were also recorded to examine their correlation with the evoked potentials results.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No differences were found in the BAEP results between patients and controls. However, in the VEPs, the liver transplant candidates had significantly prolonged N1 (N75) latencies when compared with controls; no significant delay was found in the other waves. In contrast, among the children with liver disease, higher BAEP peak latencies correlated positively with electroencephalographic abnormalities, but this correlation was not observed in VEPs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Evoked potentials might be of use in detecting alterations related to HE in children. However, further studies are necessary to determine their sensitivity and specificity in this situation.
authors.affiliation: Neurology Unit, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: D B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Nora
authors.forename: O B
authors.initials: OB
authors.lastname: Amaral
authors.forename: J V
authors.initials: JV
authors.lastname: Busnello
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Quevedo
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vieira
authors.forename: T R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: da Silveira
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Kapczinski
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004569:Electroencephalography / Q000379:methods; D016057:Evoked Potentials, Auditory, Brain Stem / Q000502:physiology; D005074:Evoked Potentials, Visual / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006501:Hepatic Encephalopathy / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D008111:Liver Function Tests; D016031:Liver Transplantation; D008297:Male