title: L-type Ca(2+) channels, resting [Ca(2+)](i), and ET-1-induced responses in chronically hypoxic pulmonary myocytes.
abstract: In the lung, chronic hypoxia (CH) causes pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cell (PASMC) depolarization, elevated endothelin-1 (ET-1), and vasoconstriction. We determined whether, during CH, depolarization-driven activation of L-type Ca(2+) channels contributes to 1) maintenance of resting intracellular Ca(2+) concentration ([Ca(2+)](i)), 2) increased [Ca(2+)](i) in response to ET-1 (10(-8) M), and 3) ET-1-induced contraction. Using indo 1 microfluorescence, we determined that resting [Ca(2+)](i) in PASMCs from intrapulmonary arteries of rats exposed to 10% O(2) for 21 days was 293.9 +/- 25.2 nM (vs. 153.6 +/- 28.7 nM in normoxia). Resting [Ca(2+)](i) was decreased after extracellular Ca(2+) removal but not with nifedipine (10(-6) M), an L-type Ca(2+) channel antagonist. After CH, the ET-1-induced increase in [Ca(2+)](i) was reduced and was abolished after extracellular Ca(2+) removal or nifedipine. Removal of extracellular Ca(2+) reduced ET-1-induced tension; however, nifedipine had only a slight effect. These data indicate that maintenance of resting [Ca(2+)](i) in PASMCs from chronically hypoxic rats does not require activation of L-type Ca(2+) channels and suggest that ET-1-induced contraction occurs by a mechanism primarily independent of changes in [Ca(2+)](i).
authors.affiliation: Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA. shimodal@jhmi.edu
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Shimoda
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Sham
authors.forename: T H
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Shimoda
authors.forename: J T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Sylvester
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D020746:Calcium Channels, L-Type / Q000502:physiology*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D019332:Endothelin-1 / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000502:physiology*; D000860:Hypoxia / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D009131:Muscle, Smooth, Vascular / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D009543:Nifedipine / Q000494:pharmacology; D011189:Potassium Chloride / Q000494:pharmacology; D011651:Pulmonary Artery / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar
chemical_list: D020746:Calcium Channels, L-Type; D019332:Endothelin-1; D011189:Potassium Chloride; D009543:Nifedipine; D002118:Calcium