title: Environmental stress-induced gastrointestinal permeability is mediated by endogenous glucocorticoids in the rat.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Abnormal presentation of luminal constituents to the mucosal immune system, caused by dysfunction of the intestinal epithelial barrier, is a candidate theory for the cause of Crohn's disease. Increased epithelial permeability is found in subgroups of patients at high risk for the development of Crohn's disease and has been found to precede disease recurrence. Clinical observations have suggested that disease recurrence can follow times of increased psychological stress, although the underlying mechanism remains obscure. We hypothesized that environmental stress increases gastrointestinal permeability.
  
  
  METHODS
  We evaluated site-specific gastrointestinal permeability after application of graded levels of stress in rats.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Increased epithelial permeability after stress was shown in all regions of the gastrointestinal tract and seemed to be mediated by adrenal corticosteroids. Stress-induced increases in epithelial permeability disappeared after adrenalectomy or pharmacologic blockade of glucocorticoid receptors. Dexamethasone treatment of control animals increased gastrointestinal permeability and mimicked the effects of stress.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Psychological stress may increase gastrointestinal permeability, allowing luminal constituents access to the mucosal immune system. This provides a potential mechanism for the observation of stress-induced disease recurrence in Crohn's disease.
authors.affiliation: Gastrointestinal Research Group, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada. meddings@ucalgary.ca
authors.forename: J B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Meddings
authors.forename: M G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Swain
mesh_terms: D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones / Q000502:physiology*; D000315:Adrenalectomy; D000818:Animals; D003424:Crohn Disease; D003907:Dexamethasone / Q000494:pharmacology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000502:physiology*; D007408:Intestinal Absorption / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D007422:Intestines / Q000187:drug effects / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D010539:Permeability; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012149:Restraint, Physical; D013270:Stomach / Q000187:drug effects / Q000503:physiopathology*; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000503:physiopathology*
chemical_list: D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones; D005938:Glucocorticoids; D003907:Dexamethasone