title: Resolution, configurational assignment, and enantiopharmacology of 2-amino-3-[3-hydroxy-5-(2-methyl-2H- tetrazol-5-yl)isoxazol-4-yl]propionic acid, a potent GluR3- and GluR4-preferring AMPA receptor agonist.
abstract: We have previously shown that (RS)-2-amino-3-[3-hydroxy-5-(2-methyl-2H-tetrazol-5-yl)isoxazol -4-yl] propionic acid (2-Me-Tet-AMPA) is a selective agonist at (RS)-2-amino-3-(3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazol-4-yl)propionic acid (AMPA) receptors, markedly more potent than AMPA itself, whereas the isomeric compound 1-Me-Tet-AMPA is essentially inactive. We here report the enantiopharmacology of 2-Me-Tet-AMPA in radioligand binding and cortical wedge electrophysiological assay systems, and using cloned AMPA (GluR1-4) and kainic acid (KA) (GluR5, 6, and KA2) receptor subtypes expressed in Xenopus oocytes. 2-Me-Tet-AMPA was resolved using preparative chiral HPLC. Zwitterion (-)-2-Me-Tet-AMPA was assigned the (R)-configuration based on an X-ray crystallographic analysis supported by the elution order of (-)- and (+)-2-Me-Tet-AMPA using four different chiral HPLC columns and by circular dichroism spectra. None of the compounds tested showed detectable affinity for N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA) receptor sites, and (R)-2-Me-Tet-AMPA was essentially inactive in all of the test systems used. Whereas (S)-2-Me-Tet-AMPA showed low affinity (IC(50) = 11 microM) in the [(3)H]KA binding assay, it was significantly more potent (IC(50) = 0.009 microM) than AMPA (IC(50) = 0.039 microM) in the [(3)H]AMPA binding assay, and in agreement with these findings, (S)-2-Me-Tet-AMPA (EC(50) = 0.11 microM) was markedly more potent than AMPA (EC(50) = 3.5 microM) in the electrophysiological cortical wedge model. In contrast to AMPA, which showed comparable potencies (EC(50) = 1.3-3.5 microM) at receptors formed by the AMPA receptor subunits (GluR1-4) in Xenopus oocytes, more potent effects and a substantially higher degree of subunit selectivity were observed for (S)-2-Me-Tet-AMPA: GluR1o (EC(50) = 0.16 microM), GluR1o/GluR2i (EC(50) = 0.12 microM), GluR3o (EC(50) = 0.014 microM) and GluR4o (EC(50) = 0.009 microM). At the KA-preferring receptors GluR5 and GluR6/KA2, (S)-2-Me-Tet-AMPA showed much weaker agonist effects (EC(50) = 8.7 and 15.3 microM, respectively). It is concluded that (S)-2-Me-Tet-AMPA is a subunit-selective and highly potent AMPA receptor agonist and a potentially useful tool for studies of physiological AMPA receptor subtypes.
authors.affiliation: NeuroScience, PharmaBiotec Research Center, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, The Royal Danish School of Pharmacy, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: S B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Vogensen
authors.forename: H S
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Jensen
authors.forename: T B
authors.initials: TB
authors.lastname: Stensbøl
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Frydenvang
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bang-Andersen
authors.forename: T N
authors.initials: TN
authors.lastname: Johansen
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Egebjerg
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Krogsgaard-Larsen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018360:Crystallography, X-Ray; D018690:Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D007555:Isoxazoles / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D008958:Models, Molecular; D015394:Molecular Structure; D009865:Oocytes / Q000502:physiology; D011869:Radioligand Assay; D018091:Receptors, AMPA / Q000819:agonists* / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000819:agonists / Q000378:metabolism; D013237:Stereoisomerism; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D013777:Tetrazoles / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D014982:Xenopus laevis
chemical_list: D018690:Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists; D007555:Isoxazoles; D018091:Receptors, AMPA; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D013777:Tetrazoles; C104723:glutamate receptor ionotropic, AMPA 3; C104724:glutamate receptor ionotropic, AMPA 4; C418233:2-amino-3-(3-hydrox-5(2-methyl-2H-tetrazol-5-yl)isoxazol-4-yl)propionic acid