title: Development of resistance to ciprofloxacin, rifampin, and mupirocin in methicillin-susceptible and -resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates.
abstract: A relationship between resistance to methicillin and resistance to fluoroquinolones, rifampin, and mupirocin has been described for Staphylococcus aureus. Differences in resistance rates may be explainable by a higher spontaneous mutation rate (MR) or a faster development of resistance (DIFF) in methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). No differences in MR, DIFF, and mutations in grlA and gyrA were detected between methicillin-susceptible S. aureus and MRSA. The higher resistance rates in MRSA are not the result of hypermutability of target genes or a faster emergence of different mutations and may be the consequence of clonal spread of multiresistant MRSA.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Medical Microbiology and Virology, Germany. schmitfj@uni-duesseldorf.de
authors.forename: F J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Schmitz
authors.forename: A C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Fluit
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hafner
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Beeck
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Perdikouli
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Boos
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Scheuring
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Verhoef
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Köhrer
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Von Eiff
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002939:Ciprofloxacin / Q000494:pharmacology; D027081:DNA Gyrase; D027101:DNA Topoisomerase IV; D004250:DNA Topoisomerases, Type II / Q000235:genetics; D012321:DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases / Q000235:genetics; D018432:Drug Resistance, Multiple / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D016106:Methicillin Resistance / Q000235:genetics*; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D016712:Mupirocin / Q000494:pharmacology; D012293:Rifampin / Q000494:pharmacology; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D002939:Ciprofloxacin; D016712:Mupirocin; D012321:DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases; C105078:RNA polymerase beta subunit; D027101:DNA Topoisomerase IV; D027081:DNA Gyrase; D004250:DNA Topoisomerases, Type II; D012293:Rifampin