title: EUS changes predictive for recurrence of esophageal varices in patients treated by combined endoscopic ligation and sclerotherapy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Recurrence of varices is still common after endoscopic treatment of esophageal varices. In this study, predictive signs of variceal recurrence were investigated by ultrasonic (US) miniature probe in patients treated by combined endoscopic ligation and sclerotherapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Detectability of vessels by US miniature probe was evaluated first in rats. In 41 patients treated by combined therapy, the esophagus and the cardia region were examined by US miniature probe. In 25 patients examined by percutaneous transhepatic portography, the relationship between US miniature probe and percutaneous transhepatic portography findings was evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The smallest vessel detected by US miniature probe was 0.3 mm in diameter in the study using intra-abdominal vessels of rat. After variceal eradication, US miniature probe showed intramural vessels in the cardia that were classified as follows: grade I, a few vessels (19 patients, 46%); grade II, uniformly scattered vessels (11, 27%); grade III, abundant vessels resembling a honeycomb (11, 27%). As the sonographic grade increased, the rate of variceal recurrence increased. As the venographic grade of staining in the distal esophagus increased, the esophageal wall became thicker and the sonographic grade at the cardia increased.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Endosonographic evaluation of the distal esophagus and cardia is predictive of variceal recurrence.
authors.affiliation: First Department of Medicine, Chiba University School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Matsutani
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Umebara
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Maruyama
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Mitsuhashi
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nakano
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fukamachi
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Saisho
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000818:Animals; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D019160:Endosonography; D004932:Esophageal and Gastric Varices / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000628:therapy*; D004945:Esophagoscopy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008026:Ligation; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011859:Radiography; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012008:Recurrence; D015911:Sclerotherapy