title: Iterative surgical resections for local recurrent and second primary bronchogenic carcinoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To report our experience with repeated pulmonary resection in patients with local recurrent and second primary bronchogenic carcinoma, to assess operative mortality and late outcome.
  
  
  METHODS
  The medical records of all patients who underwent a second lung resection for local recurrent and second primary bronchogenic carcinoma from 1978 through 1998 were reviewed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were 27 patients. They constituted 2.5% of 1059 patients who had undergone lung resection for bronchogenic carcinoma in the same period. Twelve patients (1.1%) (group 1) had a local recurrence that developed at a median interval of 24 months (range 4-83). The first pulmonary resection was lobectomy in ten patients and segmentectomy in two. The second operation consisted of completion pneumonectomy in ten cases, completion lobectomy in one and wedge resection of the right lower lobe after a right upper lobectomy in one. The other 15 patients (1.4%) (group 2) had a new primary lung cancer that developed at a median interval of 45 months (range 21-188). The first pulmonary resection was lobectomy in 12 patients, bilobectomy in one and pneumonectomy in two. The second pulmonary resection was controlateral lobectomy in seven patients, controlateral sleeve lobectomy in two, controlateral pneumonectomy in 1, controlateral wedge resection in four and completion pneumonectomy in one. Overall hospital mortality was 7.4%, including one intraoperative and one postoperative death in group 1 and 2, respectively. Five-year survival after the second operation was 15.5 and 43% with a median survival of 26 and 49 months in groups 1 and 2, respectively (P=ns).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Long-term results justify complete work-up of patients with local recurrent and second primary bronchogenic carcinoma. Treatment should be surgical, if there is no evidence of distant metastasis and the patients are in good health. Early detection of second lesions is possible with an aggressive follow-up conducted maximally at 4 months intervals for the first 2 years and 6 months intervals thereafter throughout life.
authors.affiliation: Thoracic Surgery Unit, University Hospital of Siena, Viale Bracci n. 1, 53100, Siena, Italy.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Voltolini
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Paladini
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Luzzi
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ghiribelli
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Di Bisceglie
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gotti
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002283:Carcinoma, Bronchogenic / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D018287:Carcinoma, Large Cell / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D017052:Hospital Mortality; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009017:Morbidity; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D016609:Neoplasms, Second Primary / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D011013:Pneumonectomy / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000401:mortality*; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012086:Reoperation / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000401:mortality*; D012307:Risk Factors; D016019:Survival Analysis