title: Determination of the glycoforms of human chorionic gonadotropin beta-core fragment by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Metabolism of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) in the serum and kidney yields the terminal urinary product hCG beta-core fragment (hCGbetacf), comprising two disulfide-linked peptides (beta6-beta40 and beta55-beta92) of which one (beta6-beta40) retains truncated N-linked sugars. Hyperglycosylated hCGbetacf may indicate choriocarcinoma or Down syndrome, but the glycosylation profile of hCGbetacf has not been thoroughly evaluated.
  
  
  METHODS
  hCGbetacf, purified from pregnancy urine, was reduced by "on-target" dithiothreitol (DTT) reduction and analyzed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). The mass ([M+H](+)) of the primary sequence of the glycosylated peptide beta6-beta40 was subtracted from the m/z values of the discrete peaks observed to give the masses of the carbohydrate moieties. Carbohydrate structure was predicted by sequentially subtracting the masses of the monosaccharide residues corresponding to N-linked carbohydrates of the hCG beta-subunit reported in the literature.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mass spectra of hCGbetacf revealed a broad triple peak at m/z 8700-11300. After reduction, the triple peak was replaced by a discrete set of peaks between m/z 4156 and 6354. A peak at m/z 4156.8 corresponded to the nonglycosylated peptide (beta55-beta92). The remaining nine peaks indicated that urinary hCGbetacf comprises a set of glycoforms smaller and larger than the trimannosyl core.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  hCGbetacf comprises a wider set of glycoforms than reported previously. Peaks of highest mass indicate evidence of hyperglycosylated carbohydrate moieties. The data support previous reports that hCGbetacf oligosaccharides lack sialic acid and galactose residues. No indication was found of a beta6-beta40 peptide that was entirely devoid of carbohydrate.
authors.affiliation: The Williamson Laboratory, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, St. Bartholomew's & the Royal London School of Medicine and Dentistry, West Smithfield, London EC1A 7BE, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: E S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Jacoby
authors.forename: A T
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Kicman
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Laidler
authors.forename: R K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Iles
mesh_terms: D002240:Carbohydrate Sequence; D018997:Chorionic Gonadotropin, beta Subunit, Human / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000652:urine; D005260:Female; D006031:Glycosylation; D006801:Humans; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009844:Oligosaccharides / Q000032:analysis; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000652:urine; D011247:Pregnancy; D019032:Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization
chemical_list: D018997:Chorionic Gonadotropin, beta Subunit, Human; D009844:Oligosaccharides; D010446:Peptide Fragments; C063554:urinary gonadotropin fragment