title: Oral magnesium therapy improves endothelial function in patients with coronary artery disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Magnesium blocks many of the physiological actions of calcium. Nevertheless, the impact of magnesium supplementation on endothelial function and exercise tolerance in stable coronary artery disease (CAD) patients has not been assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, 50 stable CAD patients (41 men and 9 women, mean+/-SD age 67+/-11 years, age range 42 to 82 years) were randomized to receive either magnesium (n=25) (30 mmol/d Magnosolv-Granulat; Asta Medica Company, Inc) or placebo (n=25) for 6 months. Before and after 6 months, endothelium-dependent brachial artery flow-mediated vasodilation (FMD) and endothelium-independent NTG-mediated vasodilation were assessed with high-resolution (10-MHz) ultrasound. Exercise stress testing was performed with use of the Bruce protocol. Intracellular magnesium concentrations ([Mg(2+)](i)) were assessed from sublingual cells through x-ray dispersion (EXA) (normal mean+/-SD values 37. 9+/-4.0 mEq/L). The magnesium therapy significantly increased postintervention ([Mg(2+)](i) versus placebo (36.2+/-5.0 versus 32.7+/-2.7 mEq/L, P<0.02). There was a significant correlation in the total population between baseline [Mg(2+)](i) and baseline FMD (r=0. 48, P<0.01). The magnesium intervention resulted in a significant improvement in postintervention FMD (15.5+/-12.0%, P=0.02 compared with baseline), which was not evident with placebo (4.4+/-2.5%, P=0.78 compared with baseline). There was better exercise tolerance (9.3+/-2.0 versus 7.3+/-3.1 minutes, P=0.05) and less ischemic ST-segment changes (4 versus 10 patients, P=0.05) in the magnesium versus placebo groups, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Oral magnesium therapy in CAD patients is associated with significant improvement in brachial artery endothelial function and exercise tolerance, suggesting a potential mechanism by which magnesium could beneficially alter outcomes in CAD patients.
authors.affiliation: Preventive & Rehabilitative Cardiac Center and the Atherosclerosis Research Center, Cedars-Sinai Burns and Allen Research Institute, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA. shechtes@netvision.net.il
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shechter
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sharir
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Labrador
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Forrester
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Silver
authors.forename: C N
authors.initials: CN
authors.lastname: Bairey Merz
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001916:Brachial Artery / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000188:drug therapy*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D017079:Exercise Tolerance / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008274:Magnesium / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010919:Placebos; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014664:Vasodilation / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D010919:Placebos; D008274:Magnesium