Allergic gastroenteropathy in preterm infants.
OBJECTIVE
To determine the clinical presentation, histopathologic features, and outcome of biopsy-proven allergic gastroenteropathy (AGE) in preterm infants. We hypothesized that AGE is a more frequent cause of gastrointestinal disease in this population than previously suspected.


METHODS
The retrospective portion of the study, from 1992 to 1997, included preterm infants <37 weeks' gestation who underwent biopsy because of suspected AGE. The prospective portion, from January to December 1998, included 20 infants undergoing endoscopy and biopsy because of suspected AGE.


RESULTS
Twenty-five infants (12 retrospective/13 prospective) with mean gestational age of 29 weeks at birth and mean postnatal age at diagnosis of 78 days were diagnosed with AGE. Three clinical patterns of presentation were noted: group 1, gastroesophageal reflux disease (n = 5); group 2, non-specific feeding intolerance (n = 8); and group 3, lower gastrointestinal bleeding (n = 12). Ten patients had negative biopsy findings (3 retrospective/7 prospective) and had clinical features indistinguishable from those of groups 1 and 2. Patients in group 3 were most likely to have positive biopsy findings (12 of 12). Fifteen patients responded to a casein hydrolysate formula, and 10 patients required an amino acid-based formula. Patients with AGE who had eosinophilic infiltration and villous atrophy took longer to recover than those with eosinophilic infiltration alone (P <.03). Subsequently, most have tolerated formula challenges and are currently tolerating cow's milk.


CONCLUSIONS
AGE may be an under-recognized cause of gastrointestinal symptoms in preterm infants. Confirmation with endoscopy and biopsy can be done safely and provides the basis for appropriate dietary management.
D'Netto
M A
MA
Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Connecticut Children's Medical Center, Hartford, CT 06106, USA.
Herson
V C
VC
Hussain
N
N
Ricci
A
A
Brown
R T
RT
Hyams
J S
JS
Justinich
C J
CJ
D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005767:Gastrointestinal Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000276:immunology* / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D006967:Hypersensitivity / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012189:Retrospective Studies