title: Antimutagenic activity of cacao: inhibitory effect of cacao liquor polyphenols on the mutagenic action of heterocyclic amines.
abstract: We investigated the effect of polyphenols derived from cacao liquor on the mutagenic action of heterocyclic amines (HCAs) in vitro and ex vivo. In the Ames test, the cacao liquor polyphenols showed antimutagenic effects in bacteria treated with HCA in the presence of an S-9 mixture; however, they showed less efficacy than quercetin. On the other hand, the cacao liquor polyphenols showed potent antimutagenic activity in bacteria treated with activated forms of HCA, compared with quercetin. We also evaluated the effect of these compounds on enzymatic activation of HCA. They weakly suppressed the production of activated HCA. In the host-mediated assay in mice, a method used to estimate the potential carcinogenicity of chemicals ex vivo, oral administration of the cacao liquor polyphenols, reduced the number of colonies of revertant bacteria recovered from the liver. These data suggest that the cacao liquor polyphenols have an antimutagenic effect not only in vitro, but also ex vivo.
authors.affiliation: Food Research and Development Laboratories, Meiji Seika Kaisha, Ltd., 5-3-1 Chiyoda, Sakado-shi, Saitama 350-0289, Japan. yamagis@nihs.go.jp
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yamagishi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Natsume
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nagaki
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Adachi
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Osakabe
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Takizawa
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kumon
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Osawa
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016587:Antimutagenic Agents / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002099:Cacao / Q000737:chemistry*; D005419:Flavonoids; D006571:Heterocyclic Compounds / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000633:toxicity*; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D009152:Mutagenicity Tests; D009153:Mutagens / Q000633:toxicity*; D010636:Phenols / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011108:Polymers / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D059808:Polyphenols; D051381:Rats
chemical_list: D016587:Antimutagenic Agents; D005419:Flavonoids; D006571:Heterocyclic Compounds; D009153:Mutagens; D010636:Phenols; D011108:Polymers; D059808:Polyphenols