title: Inhibitors of NF-kappaB and AP-1 gene expression: SAR studies on the pyrimidine portion of 2-chloro-4-trifluoromethylpyrimidine-5-[N-(3', 5'-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)carboxamide].
abstract: We investigated the structure-activity relationship studies of N-[3, 5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl][2-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)pyrimidin-5 -yl]carboxamide (1), an inhibitor of transcription mediated by both NF-kappaB and AP-1 transcription factors, with the goal of improving its potential oral bioavailability. Compounds were examined for cell-based activity, were fit to Lipinski's rule of 5, and were examined for potential gastrointestinal permeability using the intestinal epithelial cell line, Caco-2. Selected groups were substituted at the 2-, 4-, and 5-positions of the pyrimidine ring using solution-phase combinatorial methodology. The introduction of a fluorine in the place of 2-chlorine of 1 resulted in a compound with comparable activity. However, other substitutions at the 2-position resulted in a loss of activity. The trifluoromethyl group at the 4-position could be replaced with a methyl, ethyl, chlorine, or phenyl without a substantial loss of activity. The carboxamide group at the 5-position is critical for activity. If it was moved to the 6-position, the activity was lost. The 2-methyl analogue of 1 (81) showed comparable in vitro activity and improved Caco-2 permeability compared to 1.
authors.affiliation: Signal Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 5555 Oberlin Drive, San Diego, California 92121, USA. mpalanki@signalpharm.com
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Palanki
authors.forename: P E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Erdman
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Gayo-Fung
authors.forename: G I
authors.initials: GI
authors.lastname: Shevlin
authors.forename: R W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Sullivan
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Goldman
authors.forename: L J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Ransone
authors.forename: B L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Bennett
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Manning
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Suto
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018938:Caco-2 Cells; D002463:Cell Membrane Permeability / Q000187:drug effects; D020650:Combinatorial Chemistry Techniques; D006224:Cricetinae; D006801:Humans; D019169:Jurkat Cells; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D011743:Pyrimidines / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D018808:Transcription Factor AP-1 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D014162:Transfection
chemical_list: C415576:N-(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)(2-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)pyrimidin-5-yl)carboxamide; D016328:NF-kappa B; D011743:Pyrimidines; D018808:Transcription Factor AP-1