title: Pharmacokinetics of (deaminohydroxy)toremifene in humans: a new, selective estrogen-receptor modulator.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  New selective estrogen-receptor modulators for the treatment and prevention of osteoporosis, cardiovascular disease and breast cancer are currently the focus of intense research. (Deaminohydroxy)toremifene (Z-2-[4-(4-chloro- 1,2-diphenyl-but-1-enyl)phenoxy]ethanol; FC-1271a) has been shown to prevent bone resorption in rats while having no or weak estrogen-like effects on the uterus, which makes it a good candidate drug for osteoporosis prevention. Our purpose here was to examine the pharmacokinetics of (deaminohydroxy)toremifene in humans included in two phase-I studies.
  
  
  METHODS
  The first was a single-dose, dose-escalation study with 28 healthy male volunteers. Doses ranged from 10 mg to 800 mg. The second study was conducted during a 12-week period with 40 healthy, post-menopausal women, who received repeated oral doses of 25-200 mg. Standard pharmacokinetic parameters were assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the single-dose study, time to reach peak concentration (tmax) ranged from 1.3 h to 4.0 h; peak concentration (Cmax) ranged from 15 ng/ml to 445 ng/ ml; and the estimated terminal elimination half-life (mean +/- SD; t1/2) was 24.8 +/- 7.0 h. In the repeated-dose study, tmax ranged from 1.9 h to 2.6 h at 6 weeks and from 2.5 h to 2.9 h at 12 weeks. Cmax ranged from 295 ng/ml to 1,043 ng/ml at 6 weeks and from 25 ng/ml to 1211 ng/ml at 12 weeks. The average t1/2 at all dose levels was 29.7 +/- 1.5 h (overall mean +/- SD). Strong linear correlations between the dose and Cmax and between the dose and the area under the curve were observed in both studies.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results indicate that (deaminohydroxy)toremifene has pharmacokinetics suitable for single daily dosing. The prophylactic use of this agent in women susceptible to development of osteoporosis, cardiovascular disease and breast cancer could, therefore, be tested using a once-daily dosing schedule similar to those of other hormone-replacement therapy regimens.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, Sacramento 95817, USA. mwdegregorio@ucdavis.edu
authors.forename: M W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: DeGregorio
authors.forename: G T
authors.initials: GT
authors.lastname: Wurz
authors.forename: T L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Taras
authors.forename: R U
authors.initials: RU
authors.lastname: Erkkola
authors.forename: K H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Halonen
authors.forename: R K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Huupponen
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D019540:Area Under Curve; D002138:Calibration; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D005260:Female; D006207:Half-Life; D006801:Humans; D007202:Indicators and Reagents; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020845:Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D012996:Solutions; D013629:Tamoxifen / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics
chemical_list: D007202:Indicators and Reagents; D020845:Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators; D012996:Solutions; D013629:Tamoxifen; C119141:Ospemifene