In vitro inactivation of Chlamydia trachomatis and of a panel of DNA (HSV-2, CMV, adenovirus, BK virus) and RNA (RSV, enterovirus) viruses by the spermicide benzalkonium chloride.
Kinetics of inactivation by the detergent spermicide benzalkonium chloride (BZK) of Chlamydia trachomatis and of a panel of DNA viruses [herpes simplex virus hominis type 2 (HSV-2), cytomegalovirus (CMV), adenovirus (ADV) and BK virus (BKV)] and RNA [respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and enterovirus (ENV)] were established in accordance with a standardized in vitro protocol. After a 5 min incubation, inactivation of >95% of HSV-2 and CMV was obtained at a concentration of 0.0025% (w/v) (25 Ig/L); concentrations as low as 0.0005%, 0.0050% and 0.0125%, induced a 3.0 log10 reduction in infectivity of HSV-2 and CMV, RSV and ADV, respectively. After a 60 min incubation, concentrations of 0.0125% and 0.050% provided a 3.0 log10 reduction in infectivity of ENV and BKV, respectively. These features indicate that sensitivity to BZK was very high (HSV-2 and CMV) or high (RSV) for enveloped viruses, intermediate (ADV) or low (ENV and BKV) for non-enveloped viruses. Furthermore, BZK had marked antichlamydial activity, showing >99% killing after only a 1 min incubation at a concentration of 0.00125%. BZK demonstrates potent in vitro activity against the majority of microorganisms causing sexually transmitted infectious diseases, including those acting as major genital cofactors of human immunodeficiency virus transmission. These attributes qualify BZK as a particularly attractive candidate for microbicide development.
Bélec
L
L
Laboratoire de virologie, Hôpital Broussais, Paris, France. Unité INSERM U430 and Université Pierre et Marie Curie (Paris VI), H opital Broussais. laurent.belec@brs.ap-hop-paris.fr
Tevi-Benissan
C
C
Bianchi
A
A
Cotigny
S
S
Beumont-Mauviel
M
M
Si-Mohamed
A
A
Malkin
J E
JE
D000256:Adenoviridae / Q000187:drug effects; D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001739:BK Virus / Q000187:drug effects; D001548:Benzalkonium Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002692:Chlamydia trachomatis / Q000187:drug effects*; D003587:Cytomegalovirus / Q000187:drug effects; D004267:DNA Viruses / Q000187:drug effects*; D004770:Enterovirus / Q000187:drug effects; D018258:Herpesvirus 2, Human / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D012328:RNA Viruses / Q000187:drug effects*; D012136:Respiratory Syncytial Viruses / Q000187:drug effects; D015229:Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Viral / Q000188:drug therapy; D013089:Spermatocidal Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use
D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local; D001548:Benzalkonium Compounds; D013089:Spermatocidal Agents