title: Dose-dependent effects of budesonide aqueous nasal spray on symptoms in a daily nasal allergen challenge model.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  It has been difficult to demonstrate dose-dependent clinical effects of anti-allergic glucocorticosteroid drugs in allergic rhinitis.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine dose-dependent effects on rhinitis symptoms of clinical doses of the glucocorticosteroid budesonide in a standardized daily allergen challenge model.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-five patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis were examined outside the pollen season. The highest 256 microg once daily and lowest 64 microg once daily clinically recommended doses of budesonide aqueous nasal spray and placebo were given in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized, and crossover design with 4 weeks' washout between treatments. After 1 week's treatment, the patients received individually titrated nasal allergen challenges once every morning for 8 days while treatment continued. Nasal symptoms were scored in diary cards. Nasal symptoms from the 6th to the 8th challenge days were used in the analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The provocation model produced clinically relevant, and around the clock well tolerable rhinitis symptoms, suggesting that after several days of repeated allergen challenges, a season-like, transient allergic disease condition had been established. Both 64 microg and 256 microg of budesonide aqueous nasal spray reduced nasal symptoms. Budesonide 64 microg reduced total nasal symptoms scores from 5.19 +/- 0.5 to 4.23 +/- 0.53 (P < .05), and budesonide 256 microg reduced total nasal symptoms scores to 3.41 +/- 0.51 (P < .001). A significant difference in nasal symptoms after challenge between budesonide aqueous nasal spray 64 microg and 256 microg (P = .03), indicated a dose-dependent effect.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A dose-dependent, symptom-reducing effect of once-daily treatment with topical aqueous nasal sprays of budesonide for two weeks was demonstrated, suggesting that this model is relevant for assessments of dose-dependent effects of anti-inflammatory drugs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital Lund, Sweden.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Andersson
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Svensson
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Persson
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Akerlund
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Greiff
mesh_terms: D000281:Administration, Intranasal; D000328:Adult; D019819:Budesonide / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009299:Nasal Provocation Tests / Q000009:adverse effects; D006255:Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal / Q000188:drug therapy; D013810:Therapeutic Equivalency
chemical_list: D019819:Budesonide