title: Second episode of tuberculosis in an HIV-infected child: relapse or reinfection?
abstract: We report a case of an HIV-infected child with a second episode of tuberculosis 22 months after completing antituberculosis treatment. DNA fingerprinting of organisms from both episodes showed an identical strain of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. We believe this to be the first case of confirmed relapsed tuberculosis in an HIV-infected child, and suggest that a longer course of antituberculosis treatment be given to such children. ¿ 2000 The British Infection Society.
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Stellenbosch, Tygerberg, South Africa.
authors.forename: H S
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Schaaf
authors.forename: R P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Gie
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: van Rie
authors.forename: H I
authors.initials: HI
authors.lastname: Seifart
authors.forename: P D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: van Helden
authors.forename: M F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Cotton
mesh_terms: D017088:AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy; D019980:Amoxicillin-Potassium Clavulanate Combination / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000904:Antibiotics, Antitubercular / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000995:Antitubercular Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000737:chemistry; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005000:Ethionamide / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006678:HIV / Q000472:pathogenicity; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications*; D006801:Humans; D007538:Isoniazid / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D009169:Mycobacterium tuberculosis / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics; D012150:Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length; D011718:Pyrazinamide / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013902:Radiography, Thoracic; D012293:Rifampin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D055502:Secondary Prevention; D013019:South Africa; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D014374:Tuberculin Test; D014376:Tuberculosis / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy; D014390:Tuberculosis, Meningeal / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy
chemical_list: D000904:Antibiotics, Antitubercular; D000995:Antitubercular Agents; D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D011718:Pyrazinamide; D019980:Amoxicillin-Potassium Clavulanate Combination; D005000:Ethionamide; D007538:Isoniazid; D012293:Rifampin