title: Chronic myocardial hypoxia increases nitric oxide synthase and decreases caveolin-3.
abstract: Nitric oxide synthase (NOS) is believed to play an important role in protecting the myocardium against ischemia. Chronic hypoxia from birth increases NOS activity in the myocardium resulting in enhanced nitric oxide production and increased resistance to ischemia. We examined the effects of chronic hypoxia on NOS gene and protein expression and on NOS protein association with caveolin-3. Rabbits were raised from birth in a normoxic (F(I)O(2) = 0.21) or a hypoxic (F(I)O(2) = 0.12) environment for 9 d, and then the hearts were isolated. Ribonuclease protection assays revealed that chronic hypoxia did not alter NOS transcript levels for NOS1, NOS2, or NOS3. The most abundant transcript was NOS3. Western analysis revealed NOS3 was the only isoform detected. Immunoblots of NOS3 immunoprecipitates showed that chronic hypoxia increases NOS3 protein by 2.0 +/- 0.4-fold and decreases the amount of caveolin-3 that can be coprecipitated with NOS3 by 5.5 +/- 0.9-fold. Immunoblots of normoxic and hypoxic hearts showed that chronic hypoxia decreases the amount of caveolin-3 in heart homogenates by 2. 2 +/- 0.5-fold. These data suggest that a decrease in caveolin-3 plays a role in the mechanisms by which chronic hypoxia increases NOS3 activity in the myocardium.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pediatric Surgery, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.forename: K A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Pritchard
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Holman
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rafiee
authors.forename: O W
authors.initials: OW
authors.lastname: Griffith
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kalyanaraman
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Baker
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D001483:Base Sequence; D051244:Caveolin 3; D022461:Caveolins / Q000378:metabolism*; D002908:Chronic Disease; D017931:DNA Primers / Q000235:genetics; D000860:Hypoxia / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D017202:Myocardial Ischemia / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism*; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D052248:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type I; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D011817:Rabbits
chemical_list: D051244:Caveolin 3; D022461:Caveolins; D017931:DNA Primers; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D052248:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type I; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III