title: Storage temperatures of medications on an air medical helicopter.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The safety and efficacy of medications stored on air medical helicopters may be adversely affected by extreme temperatures. The purpose of this study was to determine whether temperatures inside an air medical helicopter drug box were within the U.S. Pharmacopeia recommendations for controlled room temperature. This is defined as a temperature between 15 degrees and 30 degrees C (59 degrees and 86 degrees F) with a mean kinetic temperature of less than 25 degrees C (77 degrees F). An additional goal was to determine whether time/temperature indicator labels can reliably monitor mean kinetic temperatures.
  
  
  METHODS
  Temperatures were monitored with miniature electronic temperature recorders and color-changing time/temperature indicator labels.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean kinetic temperatures for the summer and winter periods were 25.1 degrees C (77.2 degrees F) and 12.7 degrees C (54.8 degrees F), respectively. In the summer, the electronic recorders logged temperatures exceeding 25 degrees C (59 degrees F) 37% of the time and more than 30 degrees C (86 degrees F) 6% of the time. In the winter, temperatures less than 15 degrees C (59 degrees F) were recorded 83% of the time. The mean kinetic temperatures obtained from the electronic recorder and the time/temperature indicator labels differed by less than 0.7 degree C (1.3 degrees F). The results show that medications on an air medical helicopter are subject to temperatures out of the recommended range and that time/temperature indicator labels can reliably monitor mean kinetic temperatures.
authors.affiliation: Morristown Memorial Hospital Residency in Emergency Medicine, Morristown, N.J., USA.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Szucs
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Allegra
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Fields
authors.forename: F R
authors.initials: FR
authors.lastname: Grabiner
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lavery
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Prusik
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Tortella
mesh_terms: D017732:Air Ambulances / Q000592:standards*; D004356:Drug Storage / Q000592:standards*; D019983:Guideline Adherence; D012015:Reference Standards; D013696:Temperature; D014481:United States