title: Increased serum soluble CD14, ICAM-1 and E-selectin correlate with disease activity and prognosis in systemic lupus erythematosus.
abstract: To improve monitoring of immunological and disease activity, we determined soluble markers of activity of the monocyte/macrophage system (sCD14) and the vascular endothelium (sE-selectin, sICAM-1) in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) in comparison to patients with infections or sepsis. Concentrations of sCD14, sICAM-1 and sE-selectin (soluble CD14, ICAM-1 and E-selectin, respectively) were measured in serum samples from patients with SLE and pSS, patients with sepsis, different infectious diseases and healthy controls using ELISA systems. Elevated levels of sE-selectin and sICAM-1 were detected in patients with SLE as well as sepsis, in contrast to patients with a localized infection (SLE and sepsis, respectively, versus infection P<0.001; Kruskal-Wallis test). Levels of sCD14 were persistently elevated in sera from patients with SLE, whereas these values decreased rapidly after effective therapy in patients with sepsis or infection. A continuous elevation of all of these three parameters was associated with a fatal outcome in patients with sepsis as well as in patients with SLE. Combined elevation of sCD14, sICAM-1 and sE-selectin correlates with the prognosis in patients with active SLE and indicates a remarkable immune activation involving the monocyte/macrophage system and the endothelium comparable to an activation found only in patients with sepsis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité University Hospital, Humboldt University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Egerer
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Feist
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Rohr
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pruss
authors.forename: G R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Burmester
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Dörner
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001424:Bacterial Infections / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology; D002177:Candidiasis / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology; D019040:E-Selectin / Q000097:blood*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000097:blood*; D018950:Lipopolysaccharide Receptors / Q000097:blood*; D008180:Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic / Q000097:blood / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011379:Prognosis; D018805:Sepsis / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology; D012859:Sjogren's Syndrome / Q000097:blood / Q000503:physiopathology
chemical_list: D019040:E-Selectin; D018950:Lipopolysaccharide Receptors; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1