title: Electromagnetic versus fluoroscopic mapping of the inferior isthmus for ablation of typical atrial flutter: A prospective randomized study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Radiofrequency catheter ablation within the tricuspid annulus-inferior caval vein isthmus can cure typical atrial flutter. The target for ablation, nonetheless, is relatively wide, and standard ablation procedures may require significant exposure to radiation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 50 patients (mean age, 58+/-11 years) with typical atrial flutter were prospectively randomized to receive isthmus ablation using conventional fluoroscopy for catheter navigation (group I, n=24) or electromagnetic mapping (group II, n=26). Complete bidirectional isthmus block was verified with double potential mapping. If complete isthmus block could not be achieved after 20 radiofrequency pulses or 25 minutes of fluoroscopy, the patients were switched to the other group. Eight patients from group I (33%) but only 1 patient from group II (4%) were switched. Overall, complete isthmus block was achieved in 47 of 50 patients (94%). The overall fluoroscopy time, including the placement of the diagnostic catheters, was 22.0+/-6.3 minutes in group I and 3.9+/-1.5 minutes in group II (P:<0.0001). The fluoroscopy time needed for isthmus mapping was 17.7+/-6.5 minutes in group I and 0.2+/-0.3 minutes in group II (P:<0.0001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Electromagnetic mapping during the induction of linear lesions for the ablation of atrial flutter permitted a highly significant reduction in exposure to fluoroscopy while maintaining high efficacy, and it allowed the time required for fluoroscopy to be reduced to levels anticipated for diagnostic electrophysiological studies.
authors.affiliation: Heart Center, Department of Cardiology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany. Kotth@medizin.uni-leipzig.de
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kottkamp
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hügl
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Krauss
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Wetzel
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fleck
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Schuler
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hindricks
mesh_terms: D001282:Atrial Flutter / Q000601:surgery*; D017115:Catheter Ablation; D055590:Electromagnetic Phenomena / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D005471:Fluoroscopy / Q000379:methods; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013997:Time Factors