title: A clinicopathological study of postoperatively upgraded early squamous-cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the clinicopathological backgrounds and diagnostic problems of postoperatively upgraded early squamous-cell carcinomas of the uterine cervix.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 23 patients with postoperatively upgraded early squamous-cell carcinomas who were treated at the Saitama Cancer Center during the period of January 1, 1976, through December 31, 1991, were analyzed clinicopathologically. We reexamined the Pap smears (ectocervix, endocervix), colposcopic findings, punch biopsies, and histological findings of the operative specimens. All patients were divided into one of 3 groups based on each patient's main location of the carcinoma of the cervix: Type A: ectocervical type; Type B: endocervical type; or Type C: combined (ectocervical and endocervical) type. Clinical staging of the uterine cervical carcinomas was done in accordance with the 1994 FIGO rules.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The numbers of patients were: Type A, 2; Type B, 10; Type C, 11. Of the 23 patients, 21 (91.3%) had lesions in the endocervical portion at least. Fifteen patients (65.2%) complained of atypical vaginal bleeding. Colposcopic findings suggesting an invasive carcinoma appeared for only 6 patients (26.1%). A cytological reevaluation revealed that the endocervical findings were much stronger than the ectocervical ones in 10 (66.7%) of 15 patients whose smears of both sites could be rechecked.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Even if the preoperative diagnosis was early cervical carcinoma, CIS or Stage Ia1, the signs of atypical vaginal bleeding suggested that the final clinical stage would be upgraded after an operation. Furthermore, when the endocervical cytological findings were much more exaggerated than the ectocervical ones, the possibility of deeply invaded endocervical lesions should be considered.
authors.affiliation: Division of Gynecology, Saitama Cancer Center, Saitama, Japan.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yoshida
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Jimbo
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shirai
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shiromizu
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kuwabara
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D003127:Colposcopy / Q000592:standards; D003944:Diagnostic Techniques, Obstetrical and Gynecological / Q000592:standards*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D065006:Papanicolaou Test; D011184:Postoperative Period; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D014626:Vaginal Smears / Q000592:standards