title: Results of ambulatory electrocardiography in overtly healthy Doberman Pinschers with echocardiographic abnormalities.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To identify, by means of 24-hour ambulatory electrocardiography, electrocardiographic abnormalities in overtly healthy Doberman Pinschers in which results of echocardiography were abnormal.
  
  
  METHODS
  Clinical case series.
  
  
  METHODS
  56 (35 male, 21 female) overtly healthy Doberman Pinschers with echocardiographic evidence of cardiomyopathy on initial examination that subsequently died of cardiomyopathy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-four-hour ambulatory electrocardiographic (Holter) recordings obtained at the time of initial examination were reviewed. For all dogs, scan quality was > 90%.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Initial Holter recordings of all 56 dogs contained ventricular premature contractions (VPC). Thirty-six (65%) dogs had > 1,000 VPC/24 h, 17 (31%) had > 5,000 VPC/24 h, and 11 (19%) had > 10,000 VPC/24 h. Fifty-four (96%) dogs had couplets of VPC, 37 (66%) had triplets of VPC, and 36 (64%) had episodes of nonsustained (< 30 seconds) ventricular tachycardia. Number of VPC/24 h during the initial Holter recordings was positively correlated with numbers of couplets and triplets of VPC and number of ventricular escape beats and negatively correlated with left ventricular fractional shortening. Twenty-eight dogs died suddenly prior to the putative onset of congestive heart failure.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Results suggested that along with echocardiography, 24-hour ambulatory electrocardiography can be used to help identify overtly healthy Doberman Pinschers with cardiomyopathy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Small Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens 30602, USA.
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Calvert
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Jacobs
authors.forename: C W
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Pickus
authors.forename: D D
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Smith
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D009202:Cardiomyopathies / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000662:veterinary*; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004285:Dogs; D004452:Echocardiography / Q000662:veterinary; D015716:Electrocardiography, Ambulatory / Q000662:veterinary*; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate; D008297:Male; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D018754:Ventricular Dysfunction / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000662:veterinary