title: Inverse expression of Cdk4 and p16 in epithelial ovarian tumors.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to elucidate the expression and the correlation of two cell cycle regulators, cdk4 and its inhibitor p16, in a series of benign, borderline, and malignant ovarian tumors and to evaluate whether their alterations correlate with clinicopathologial parameters and patients' prognosis in epithelial ovarian carcinomas.
  
  
  METHODS
  Immunohistochemical analysis using anti-cdk4 and anti-p16 antibodies was carried out for 103 paraffin sections of ovarian tumors, and Western blot analysis and cdk4 activity assay were performed in 26 fresh ovarian tumor samples.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results of immunohistochemistry showed that 60.61 and 69.70% of benign, 69.57 and 56.52% of borderline, and 74.47 and 40. 43% of malignant tumors expressed cdk4 and p16, respectively, demonstrating increased cdk4 and decreased p16 expression in ovarian carcinomas. A significant inverse relationship between cdk4 and p16 expression was found. The loss of p16 expression was more correlated with G(2) and G(3) tumors in contrast with G(1) tumors. No significant correlation was observed between cdk4 expression and clinicopathological parameters. Neither cdk4 nor p16 expression has significant effects on overall survival by the Kaplan-Meier method. When the combined phenotypes of the two proteins were analyzed, patients with cdk4-positive/p16-negative expression had a reduced overall survival than other phenotypes of cdk4/p16.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data suggest that inverse expression of cdk4 and p16 may be involved in the development and progression of epithelial ovarian carcinomas. The combined phenotypes of cdk4 and p16 proteins could provide a useful prognostic indicator for patients with epithelial ovarian carcinoma.
authors.affiliation: Department of Perinato-Gynecology, Kagawa Medical University, Kagawa, 761-0793, Japan.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sui
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ohno
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Goto
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Inohara
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sugimoto
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tai
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hando
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tokuda
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000096:biosynthesis; D015153:Blotting, Western; D051358:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 4; D019941:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16 / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D018844:Cyclin-Dependent Kinases / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D003537:Cystadenoma / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D010051:Ovarian Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D016019:Survival Analysis
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D019941:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; C495900:CDK4 protein, human; D051358:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 4; D018844:Cyclin-Dependent Kinases