title: Change in left atrial and ventricular dimensions during and immediately after exercise.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to evaluate differences in the left atrial (LAD), total ventricular end-diastolic (TEDD), end-systolic diameters (TESD), and left ventricular shortening fraction (SF) compared with heart rate (HR) and systolic blood pressure (SBP) during exercise and recovery.
  
  
  METHODS
  Healthy young male (N = 15) and female (N = 16) subjects performed an incremental cycle ergometer test in upright position, and three phases of energy supply were defined by means of blood lactate concentration (LA) and respiratory gas exchange variables (I: aerobic; II: aerobic-anaerobic transition; III: anaerobic). Subjects were required to rest their arms on a steering bar and to lean their upper body forward; two dimensional (2-D) echocardiograms were obtained over the left parasternal area at rest (R), at the end of each phase, immediately within 15 s post, and 6 min after exercise (6 min). By using VINGMED's "Anatomical M-Mode," it was possible to extract M-Mode Sweeps from stored 2-D-Loops and perform the M-Mode measurement.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In contrast to the significant decrease in TEDD and TESD from III to 15 s up to resting values and the significant increase in SF from III to 15 s, the moderate decrease in HR immediately post exercise (15 s) was not significant. The SBP showed a significantly decrease from III to 15 s; in contrast to TEDD, TESD, and SF, the values at 15 s were comparable with the values at II. For LAD, significant increase during exercise and a decrease during recovery were observed. Sex-specific differences of changes in measured variables could not be found.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We concluded that post exercise measurement of left ventricular and atrial dimensions or SF were not valid to describe heart function at maximal exercise although immediately post exercise HR was near maximal level.
authors.affiliation: Department of Sport Physiology University of Vienna, Institute of Sports Sciences, Austria.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pokan
authors.forename: S P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: von Duvillard
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hofmann
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Smekal
authors.forename: F M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Fruhwald
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gasser
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tschan
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Baron
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Schmid
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Bachl
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016275:Atrial Function; D001794:Blood Pressure; D002306:Cardiac Volume; D003971:Diastole; D004452:Echocardiography; D015444:Exercise; D005080:Exercise Test; D005260:Female; D006325:Heart Atria / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism; D006339:Heart Rate; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012737:Sex Factors; D013599:Systole; D016276:Ventricular Function