title: Two-muscle surgery for congenital esotropia: rate of reoperation in patients with small versus large angles of deviation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Standard surgical treatment of congenital esotropia (CET) in patients with preoperative angles of deviation measuring </=50 PD is well defined. However, there is controversy over the management of larger angles of esotropia. Some surgeons prefer to operate on 3 or 4 horizontal rectus muscles, while others prefer to perform large recessions of the medial rectus muscles alone. The purpose of this study was to compare the rate of reoperation after bilateral medial rectus muscle recession of smaller angle (< or =50 PD) CET with the rate of reoperation after surgery for larger angle (>50 PD) CET.
  
  
  METHODS
  Medical records of 102 patients who underwent bilateral medial rectus muscle recessions between January 1991 and December 1997 were reviewed. Patients were excluded if neurologic abnormalities or developmental delays were documented before the operation, if major structural abnormalities of the eye were present, or if less than 1-month follow-up after surgery was documented. The remaining 56 patients were assigned to either the larger angle (>50 PD) or smaller angle (< or =50 PD) group, based on the magnitude of their preoperative esotropia. Rates of reoperation for residual CET, for consecutive exotropia or dissociated horizontal deviation, or for dissociated vertical deviation with or without oblique muscle dysfunction were determined for each group.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Forty of 56 patients (71%) were assigned to the smaller angle group and 16 of 56 patients (29%) to the larger angle group. In the larger angle group, 4 patients (25%) underwent surgery for residual esotropia. In the smaller angle group, 8 patients (19%) underwent surgery for residual esotropia, 8 (19%) underwent surgery for consecutive exotropia or dissociated horizontal deviation, and 8 (19%) underwent surgery for dissociated vertical deviation or oblique muscle dysfunction.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The success rate for ocular realignment in patients with CET by using bilateral medial rectus muscle recession did not appear to diminish when applied to deviations greater than 50 PD as compared with smaller angle deviations. Surgery on 3 or 4 horizontal rectus muscles may be unnecessary in the treatment of patients with very large angles of CET.
authors.affiliation: N. Edgar Miles Center for Pediatric Ophthalmology, Department of Ophthalmology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina 29425-2236, USA.
authors.forename: D T
authors.initials: DT
authors.lastname: Vroman
authors.forename: A K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Hutchinson
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Saunders
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Wilson
mesh_terms: D004948:Esotropia / Q000151:congenital* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D005133:Eye Movements / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D009801:Oculomotor Muscles / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D013508:Ophthalmologic Surgical Procedures; D012086:Reoperation / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D017211:Treatment Failure