title: Single-wavelength anomalous diffraction phasing revisited.
abstract: Multiwavelength anomalous diffraction (MAD) phasing has become a routinely used tool for determining new macromolecular structures. The MAD method has stringent data-collection requirements, typically necessitating radiation-resistant crystals and access to a tunable synchrotron beamline. In cases where synchrotron time, monochromator tunability or radiation damage is a concern or where high-throughput structure determination is desired, phasing methods capable of producing interpretable electron-density maps from less data become attractive alternatives to MAD. The increasing availability of tunable synchrotron data-collection facilities prompted the authors to revisit single-wavelength anomalous diffraction (SAD) phasing used in conjunction with a phase-ambiguity resolving method such as solvent flattening. The anomalous diffraction from seven different selenomethionine-labelled protein crystals has been analysed and it is shown that in conjunction with solvent flattening, diffraction data from the peak anomalous wavelength alone can produce interpretable electron-density maps of comparable quality to those resulting from full MAD phasing. Single-wavelength anomalous diffraction (SAD) phasing can therefore be a time-efficient alternative to MAD. The data also show that radiation damage can have a significant effect on the quality of SAD/MAD diffraction data. These results may be useful in the design of optimal strategies for collection of the diffraction data.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Rice
authors.forename: T N
authors.initials: TN
authors.lastname: Earnest
authors.forename: A T
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Brunger
mesh_terms: D008958:Models, Molecular; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction / Q000379:methods*