title: High-resolution localization of Drosophila Spt5 and Spt6 at heat shock genes in vivo: roles in promoter proximal pausing and transcription elongation.
abstract: Recent studies have demonstrated roles for Spt4, Spt5, and Spt6 in the regulation of transcriptional elongation in both yeast and humans. Here, we show that Drosophila Spt5 and Spt6 colocalize at a large number of transcriptionally active chromosomal sites on polytene chromosomes and are rapidly recruited to endogenous and transgenic heat shock loci upon heat shock. Costaining with antibodies to Spt6 and to either the largest subunit of RNA polymerase II or cyclin T, a subunit of the elongation factor P-TEFb, reveals that all three factors have a similar distribution at sites of active transcription. Crosslinking and immunoprecipitation experiments show that Spt5 is present at uninduced heat shock gene promoters, and that upon heat shock, Spt5 and Spt6 associate with the 5' and 3' ends of heat shock genes. Spt6 is recruited within 2 minutes of a heat shock, similar to heat shock factor (HSF); moreover, this recruitment is dependent on HSF. These findings provide support for the roles of Spt5 in promoter-associated pausing and of Spt5 and Spt6 in transcriptional elongation in vivo.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Biotechnology Building, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA.
authors.forename: E D
authors.initials: ED
authors.lastname: Andrulis
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Guzmán
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Döring
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Werner
authors.forename: J T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Lis
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002868:Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone; D002875:Chromosomes / Q000378:metabolism; D003432:Cross-Linking Reagents / Q000737:chemistry; D056906:Cyclin T; D016213:Cyclins / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D004330:Drosophila / Q000235:genetics*; D029721:Drosophila Proteins; D019084:Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect / Q000379:methods; D005656:Fungal Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D018840:HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D000076249:Heat Shock Transcription Factors; D006360:Heat-Shock Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D018869:Heat-Shock Response / Q000235:genetics*; D056488:Histone Chaperones; D019476:Insect Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D012319:RNA Polymerase II / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D035602:Transcriptional Elongation Factors
chemical_list: D002868:Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone; D003432:Cross-Linking Reagents; C503687:CycT protein, Drosophila; D056906:Cyclin T; D016213:Cyclins; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D029721:Drosophila Proteins; D005656:Fungal Proteins; C499528:HSP26 protein, S cerevisiae; D018840:HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins; D000076249:Heat Shock Transcription Factors; D006360:Heat-Shock Proteins; D056488:Histone Chaperones; C053134:Hsf protein, Drosophila; C087442:Hsp26 protein, Drosophila; C089272:Hsp83 protein, Drosophila; D019476:Insect Proteins; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; C065456:SPT6 protein, S cerevisiae; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors; D035602:Transcriptional Elongation Factors; C069940:SPT5 transcriptional elongation factor; D012319:RNA Polymerase II