title: Polymethoxyflavonoids from Vitex rotundifolia inhibit proliferation by inducing apoptosis in human myeloid leukemia cells.
abstract: Three polymethoxyflavonoids from the fruit of Vitex rotundifolia, namely 2',3',5-trihydroxy-3,6,7-trimethoxyflavone (Vx-1), vitexicarpin (Vx-5) and artemetin (Vx-6), were tested for their antiproliferative activity in human myeloid leukemia HL-60 cells. They showed a dose-dependent decrease in the growth of HL-60 cells. The concentrations required for 50% inhibition of the growth (IC50) after 96 h were 4.03 microM, 0.12 microM and 30.98 microM for Vx-1, Vx-5 and Vx-6, respectively. Treatment of HL-60 cells with the flavonoids induced morphological changes that are characteristic of apoptosis. We judged the induction of apoptosis by the detection of DNA fragmentation in agarose gel electrophoresis and the degree of apoptosis was quantified by a double-antibody sandwich ELISA and by flow cytometric analysis. The C-3 hydroxyl and C-8 methoxyl groups were found not to be essential for the activity, but the C-3' methoxyl instead of hydroxyl group lowered the antiproliferative and apoptosis inducing activity. These results suggest that the polymethoxyflavonoids isolated from V. rotundifolia may be used as potential chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic agents.
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmacy and Medicinal Resource Research Center, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Chonbuk, South Korea.
authors.forename: W G
authors.initials: WG
authors.lastname: Ko
authors.forename: T H
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: N Y
authors.initials: NY
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Y C
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: D H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Sohn
authors.forename: B H
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D053938:DNA Fragmentation; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D018922:HL-60 Cells; D006801:Humans; D007951:Leukemia, Myeloid / Q000473:pathology*; D010946:Plants, Medicinal / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: C414723:2'3',5-trihydroxy-3,6,7-trimethoxyflavone; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; D005419:Flavonoids