title: Toremifene. where do we stand?
abstract: Toremifene is a chlorinated triphenylethylene that is indicated for postmenopausal breast cancer. For advanced disease, toremifene has been found to be as effective and at least as well tolerated as tamoxifen. The same appears to apply for adjuvant setting. After a total cumulative clinical exposure to toremifene of approximately 140000 patient-years, only 9 cases of endometrial carcinoma have been reported. The annual hazard rate (per 1000 patient-years) of developing endometrial carcinoma in breast cancer patients on adjuvant toremifene is 1.14 (versus tamoxifen 2.0 and placebo 0.4). Although toremifene (being a partial agonist) may unmask pre-existing endometrial tumours, there is no clinical data implying that it would per se cause endometrial carcinoma.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, and Oncology and Radiotherapy, University Hospital, PO Box 2000, FIN-33521, Tampere, Finland. juhani.maenpaa@tays.fi
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mäenpää
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Holli
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Pasanen
mesh_terms: D018931:Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy*; D017322:Clinical Trials, Phase II as Topic; D017326:Clinical Trials, Phase III as Topic; D016889:Endometrial Neoplasms / Q000139:chemically induced; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000517:prevention & control; D020845:Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017312:Toremifene / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D018931:Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal; D020845:Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators; D017312:Toremifene