title: Safety and usefulness of percutaneous transhepatic cholecystoscopy examination in high-risk surgical patients with acute cholecystitis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of the present study was to evaluate the diagnostic and therapeutic usefulness of percutaneous transhepatic cholecystoscopy in high-risk surgical patients with acute cholecystitis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between January 1992 and June 1998, there were 33 consecutive patients who underwent percutaneous transhepatic cholecystostomy and subsequent percutaneous transhepatic cholecystoscopy for the management of acute cholecystitis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Percutaneous transhepatic cholecystostomy and subsequent percutaneous transhepatic cholecystoscopy were successfully accomplished in all 33 patients. During percutaneous transhepatic cholecystoscopy, minor complications (2 episodes of minor bleeding during electrohydraulic lithotripsy, 2 of tube dislodgement, and 1 of bile leakage to peritoneum) occurred in 5 patients. Percutaneous transhepatic cholecystoscopy revealed gallstones in 26 cases, sludge ball in 3, gallbladder carcinoma in 3, and 1 case of clonorchiasis related with acute cholecystitis. The 3 gallbladder cancers which were not identified radiologically were found incidentally during percutaneous transhepatic cholecystoscopy. For the 26 patients with gallstones, percutaneous transhepatic cholecystoscopy and concomitant stone removal were successful in 1 to 4 consecutive sessions (mean 2.2 sessions). Gallstones recurred in 3 of 22 patients (14%) during the mean follow-up period of 27 months. All of them remain asymptomatic.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Percutaneous transhepatic cholecystostomy may be justified in the management of acute cholecystitis in selected patients with high surgical risk.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: H J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: S K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: M H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: K S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Yoo
authors.forename: B C
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.forename: D W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Seo
authors.forename: Y I
authors.initials: YI
authors.lastname: Min
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000368:Aged; D002764:Cholecystitis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000601:surgery*; D002767:Cholecystostomy / Q000009:adverse effects; D016145:Endoscopy, Digestive System / Q000009:adverse effects; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D012307:Risk Factors