title: Correlation between cytogenetic abnormalities and disease characteristics in multiple myeloma: monosomy of chromosome 13 and structural abnormalities of 11q are associated with a high percentage of S-phase plasma cells.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Cytogenetic studies in multiple myleoma (MM) are limited by the difficulties in obtaining metaphases that can be investigated and few studies have analyzed the relationship between cytogenetics and clinical disease characteristics. The aim of our study was to analyze the recurrent cytogenetic changes in MM and to correlate them with clinical and biological characteristics including the percentage of S-phase plasma cells (PCs).
  
  
  METHODS
  Chromosomal abnormalities were analyzed in 86 patients with MM. In all patients, two types of cultures (5 d culture with interleukin-4 and unstimulated 72 h culture) were used for cytogenetic analysis. DNA content analysis (ploidy and cell cycle analysis) together with the most relevant clinical and biological disease features were studied.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cytogenetic analysis was successful in 72 of the 86 patients (84%). Forty-seven patients (65%) had an abnormal karyotype. The most frequent trisomies involved chromosomes 3, 5, 9, 11, 15, 19, 22, 1, 7, 17, 18, and 21, and monosomies affected chromosomes 13 and 8, while structural changes involved chromosomes 1, 11, 14q32, 4p16 and 16q22-23. Patients with abnormal karyotype displayed a poor performance status, advanced stage, anemia and a high percentage of bone marrow plasma cells. In addition, MM patients with -13/13q- and 11q abnormalities showed a significantly higher proportion of S-phase PCs (p=0.02).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In summary, our study shows a relationship between unfavorable cytogenetics (-13/13q-/11q abnormalities) and a high percentage of S-phase PCs, a well-known adverse prognostic factor.
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Hematología, Hospital Universitario de Salamanca and Centro de Investigación del Cáncer (CIC), Universidad de Salamanca-CSIC, Spain.
authors.forename: N C
authors.initials: NC
authors.lastname: Gutiérrez
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Hernández
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: García
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Almeida
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Mateo
authors.forename: M I
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: González
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hernández
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fernández-Calvo
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: San Miguel
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001854:Bone Marrow Cells / Q000648:ultrastructure; D002869:Chromosome Aberrations / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D025063:Chromosome Disorders; D002880:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 11; D002882:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 13; D015331:Cohort Studies; D020732:Cytogenetic Analysis; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007621:Karyotyping; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009006:Monosomy; D009101:Multiple Myeloma / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D016196:S Phase; D014314:Trisomy