title: [Consideration, assessment and treatment of difficulty in breathing  in palliative medicine].
abstract: Next to pain, the most frequent fear of dying patients, their relatives and doctors in attendance is to suffocate, even if there is no significant dyspnoea. During their progress of disease, around half (40-60%) of all tumour patients suffer from difficulty in breathing. This is due to many reasons, which include the entire differential diagnosis of dyspnoea as well as psychological and social aspects. Lacking any useful therapeutic consequence, there is no reason for extended diagnosis in palliative medicine. Treatment of symptoms should not be delayed by diagnostic measures. Besides application of demand drugs as morphine and lorazepam the most important therapy against asphyxia is the individual treatment of symptoms. All people involved should be educated in general treatment, nursing and psychological care to reduce the dying patient's fear of suffocation. This will result in the reduction of the patients states of panic and therefore allow them to die in a more peaceful way.
authors.affiliation: Johannes-Hospiz am Krankenhaus der Barmherzigen Brüder, München.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Roller
mesh_terms: D001049:Apnea / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D001237:Asphyxia / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D006801:Humans; D010166:Palliative Care; D012120:Respiration Disorders / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D013727:Terminal Care