title: Molecular cloning of Xp11 breakpoints in two unrelated mentally retarded females with X;autosome translocations.
abstract: Mental retardation is a very common and extremely heterogeneous disorder that affects about 3% of the human population. Its molecular basis is largely unknown, but many loci have been mapped to the X chromosome. We report on two mentally retarded females with X;autosome translocations and breakpoints in Xp11, viz., t(X;17)(p11;p13) and t(X;20)(p11;q13). (Fiber-) FISH analysis assigned the breakpoints to different subbands, Xp11.4 and Xp11.23, separated by approximately 8 Mb. High-resolution mapping of the X- chromosome breakpoints using Southern blot hybridization resulted in the isolation of breakpoint-spanning genomic subclones of 3 kb and 0. 5 kb. The Xp11.4 breakpoint is contained within a single copy sequence, whereas the Xp11.23 breakpoint sequence resembles an L1 repetitive element. Several expressed sequences map close to the breakpoints, but none was found to be inactivated. Therefore, mechanisms other than disruption of X-chromosome genes likely cause the phenotypes.
authors.affiliation: Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Genetik, Berlin-Dahlem, Germany. nothwang@rhrk.uni-kl.de
authors.forename: H G
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Nothwang
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Schröer
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: van der Maarel
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kübart
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Schneider
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Riesselmann
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Menzel
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hinzmann
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Vogt
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rosenthal
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fryns
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Tommerup
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Haaf
authors.forename: H H
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Ropers
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wirth
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D019457:Chromosome Breakage / Q000235:genetics*; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D004303:Dosage Compensation, Genetic; D005091:Exons / Q000235:genetics; D020224:Expressed Sequence Tags; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D017404:In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence; D007223:Infant; D008607:Intellectual Disability / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D020161:Physical Chromosome Mapping; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics; D011995:Recombination, Genetic / Q000235:genetics; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012689:Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid; D016324:Sequence Tagged Sites; D014178:Translocation, Genetic / Q000235:genetics*; D014960:X Chromosome / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D012333:RNA, Messenger