title: Relationship of EP(1-4) prostaglandin receptors with rat hypothalamic cell groups involved in lipopolysaccharide fever responses.
abstract: The action of prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) in the preoptic area is thought to play an important role in producing fever. Pharmacologic evidence suggests that, among the four subtypes of E-series prostaglandin (EP) receptors, i.e., EP(1), EP(2), EP(3), and EP(4), the EP(1) receptor mediates fever responses. In contrast, evidence from mice with EP receptor gene deletions indicates that the EP(3) receptor is required for the initial (<1 hour) fever after intravenous (i.v.) lipopolysaccharide (LPS). To investigate which subtypes of EP receptors mediate systemic infection-induced fever, we assessed the coexpression of Fos-like immunoreactivity (Fos-IR) and EP(1-4) receptor mRNA in nuclei in the rat hypothalamus that have been shown to be involved in fever responses. Two hours after the administration of i.v. LPS (5 microg/kg), Fos-IR was observed in the ventromedial preoptic nucleus, the median preoptic nucleus, and the paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus. In these nuclei, EP(4) receptor mRNA was strongly expressed and the Fos-IR intensely colocalized with EP(4) receptor mRNA. Strong EP(3) receptor mRNA expression was only seen within the median preoptic nucleus but Fos-IR showed little coexpression with EP(3) receptor mRNA. EP(2) receptor mRNA was not seen in the PGE(2) sensitive parts of the preoptic area. Although approximately half of the Fos-immunoreactive neurons also expressed EP(1) receptor mRNA, EP(1) mRNA expression was weak and its distribution was so diffuse in the preoptic area that it did not represent a specific relationship. In the paraventricular nucleus, EP(4) mRNA was found in most Fos-immunoreactive neurons and levels of EP(4) receptor expression increased after i.v. LPS. Our findings indicate that neurons expressing EP(4) receptor are activated during LPS-induced fever and suggest the involvement of EP(4) receptors in the production of fever.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Oka
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Oka
authors.forename: T E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Scammell
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Kelly
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Nantel
authors.forename: J K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Elmquist
authors.forename: C B
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Saper
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002452:Cell Count; D015232:Dinoprostone / Q000378:metabolism; D005334:Fever / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D007031:Hypothalamus / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D009474:Neurons / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D010286:Paraventricular Hypothalamic Nucleus / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D011301:Preoptic Area / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D016760:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D018078:Receptors, Prostaglandin E / Q000235:genetics*; D058306:Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP1 Subtype; D058307:Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP2 Subtype; D058308:Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP3 Subtype; D058309:Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP4 Subtype
chemical_list: D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D016760:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos; C545636:Ptger1 protein, mouse; C545637:Ptger1 protein, rat; C545645:Ptger2 protein, mouse; C545646:Ptger2 protein, rat; C545648:Ptger3 protein, mouse; C545649:Ptger3 protein, rat; C545651:Ptger4 protein, mouse; C545652:Ptger4 protein, rat; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D018078:Receptors, Prostaglandin E; D058306:Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP1 Subtype; D058307:Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP2 Subtype; D058308:Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP3 Subtype; D058309:Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP4 Subtype; D015232:Dinoprostone