title: The 18q21 region in colorectal and pancreatic cancer: independent loss of DCC and DPC4 expression.
abstract: The 18q21 region is frequently altered in gastrointestinal tumors. Three candidate tumor suppressor genes have been identified in it: DCC, Smad4/DPC4 and Smad2; the mechanisms involving their inactivation have not been completely elucidated. In this study, genetic losses at 18q21 and expression of DCC and DPC4 in colorectal (n=12) and pancreatic (n=16) cell lines and in colorectal tissues (n=10) were analyzed. The status of the 18q21 region was assessed using microsatellite analysis and duplex PCR of exonic sequences; expression was analyzed by RT-PCR; mutational analysis of DPC4 cDNA was performed in selected cases. Homozygous losses of microsatellite markers at 18q21 were not observed in colon or pancreas lines; however, a higher proportion of apparent homozygosity than expected was found. DCC and DPC4 transcripts were detected in 11/12 and 12/12 colorectal cancer lines, respectively. In tumors, homozygous losses at 18q21 were detected in three cases, without affecting DCC. All tumors retained DCC and DPC4 mRNA expression. In pancreatic lines, DPC4 was inactivated through homozygous deletion (n=5), intragenic mutation (n=3), and lack of protein (n=2).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  (1) microsatellite analysis does not provide adequate information regarding homozygous losses at 18q21; (2) approximately 65% of pancreas cancer lines show inactivation of DPC4; and (3) loss of DCC and DPC4 occur independently.
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Oncologia Molecular y Celular, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario de Elche, Alicante, Spain.
authors.forename: V M
authors.initials: VM
authors.lastname: Barberá
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Martín
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Mariñoso
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Munné
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Carrato
authors.forename: F X
authors.initials: FX
authors.lastname: Real
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fabre
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001483:Base Sequence; D018938:Caco-2 Cells; D002887:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 18 / Q000235:genetics*; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D017931:DNA Primers / Q000235:genetics; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D017353:Gene Deletion; D015870:Gene Expression; D016163:Genes, DCC; D016147:Genes, Tumor Suppressor; D019073:HT29 Cells; D006801:Humans; D019656:Loss of Heterozygosity; D008297:Male; D018895:Microsatellite Repeats; D008875:Middle Aged; D009154:Mutation; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012334:RNA, Neoplasm / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051901:Smad4 Protein; D015534:Trans-Activators / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D017931:DNA Primers; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D012334:RNA, Neoplasm; C497796:SMAD4 protein, human; D051901:Smad4 Protein; D015534:Trans-Activators