title: High-intensity focused ultrasound in prostate cancer: results after 3 years.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Local high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) is a minimally invasive method of coagulation (85 degrees C) that ablates prostatic tissue with high precision.
  
  
  METHODS
  Over a 3-year period, 184 patients with organ-confined prostate cancer have undergone 232 sessions of transrectal HIFU therapy (mean duration 90 minutes) under spinal anesthesia at 2.25 or 3.0 MHz, 50 W, with a penetration depth of 25 mm.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Follow-up sextant biopsies (mean 1.9) were cancer free in 80% of patients, and in patients with residual cancer, the tumor mass was reduced more than 90%. The nadir value of prostate specific antigen (PSA) was <4 ng/mL in 97%, including 61% who had values <0.5 ng/mL. After primary HIFU, no severe side effects (fistula, grade 2 or 3 incontinence, rectal mucosal burn) were seen. All patients had a suprapubic tube (mean 29 days), and 33% needed transurethral resection of debris (mean 7 g). Hospital discharge was within 23 hours after treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Transrectal HIFU enables minimally invasive local prostate tissue ablation with high rates of negative biopsies, low PSA nadir, and low complication rate. Further follow-up is needed to define the efficacy of disease control.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Academic Teaching Hospital, München-Harlaching, Germany. Chau1@aol.com
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chaussy
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Thüroff
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000097:blood*; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000628:therapy*; D014464:Ultrasonic Therapy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen