title: Ultrasonographic evaluation of tarsocrural joint cartilage in normal adult horses.
abstract: Ultrasonographic examination of the tarsus was performed on four clinically and radiographically normal limbs of adult horses. Particular attention was paid to the articular cartilage surfaces of the trochlear ridges of the talus and the distal intermediate ridge of the tibia. Two separate measurements of articular cartilage thickness were acquired from a longitudinal view at each site. Anatomy was confirmed with post mortem dissection. Ultrasonography was found to be a practical method for imaging the articular cartilage over the trochlear ridges of the talus and distal intermediate ridge of the tibia. The cartilage appeared as a hypoechoic band overlying the hyperechoic subchondral bone. The mean cartilage thickness over the lateral and medial trochlear ridges of the talus and the distal intermediate ridge of the tibia were 0.57 mm, 0.58 mm and 0.7 mm respectively. These measurements may have value for comparison to thickened cartilage and lesions of osteochondrosis and abnormally thinned cartilage of osteoarthritis. Ultrasound examination was not helpful in evaluating the proximal and distal intertarsal and tarsometatarsal joints, the close proximity of the articular surfaces obscured visualization of the articular cartilage.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Animal and Equine Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh 27606, USA.
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Tomlinson
authors.forename: W R
authors.initials: WR
authors.lastname: Redding
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sage
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002358:Cartilage, Articular / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D006736:Horses / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D012016:Reference Values; D013640:Tarsal Joints / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D014463:Ultrasonography