title: A role for Pax6 in the normal development of dorsal thalamus and its cortical connections.
abstract: The transcription factor Pax6 is widely expressed throughout the developing nervous system, including most alar regions of the newly formed murine diencephalon. Later in embryogenesis its diencephalic expression becomes more restricted. It persists in the developing anterior thalamus (conventionally termed "ventral" thalamus) and pretectum but is downregulated in the body of the posterior (dorsal) thalamus. At the time of this downregulation, the dorsal thalamus forms its major axonal efferent pathway via the ventral telencephalon to the cerebral cortex. This pathway is absent in mice lacking functional Pax6 (small eye homozygotes: Sey/Sey). We tested whether the mechanism underlying this defect includes abnormalities of the dorsal thalamus itself. We exploited a new transgenic mouse ubiquitously expressing green fluorescent protein tagged with tau, in which axonal tracts are clearly visible, and co-cultured dorsal thalamic explants from Pax6(+/+ )or Pax6(Sey/Sey )embryos carrying the transgene with wild-type tissues from other regions of the forebrain. Whereas Pax6(+/+ )thalamic explants produced strong innervation of wild-type ventral telencephalic explants in a pattern that mimicked the thalamocortical tract in vivo, Pax6(Sey)(/Sey) explants did not, indicating a defect in the ability of mutant dorsal thalamic cells to respond to signals normally present in ventral telencephalon. Pax6(Sey)(/Sey) embryos also showed early alterations in the expression of regulatory genes in the region destined to become dorsal thalamus. Whereas in normal mice Nkx2.2 and Lim1/Lhx1 are expressed ventral to this region, in the mutants their expression domains are throughout it, suggesting that a primary action of Pax6 is to generate correct dorsoventral patterning in the diencephalon. Our results suggest that normal thalamocortical development requires the actions of Pax6 within the dorsal thalamus itself.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Hugh Robson Building, George Square, Edinburgh EH8 9XD, UK.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Pratt
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Vitalis
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Warren
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Edgar
authors.forename: J O
authors.initials: JO
authors.lastname: Mason
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Price
mesh_terms: D017398:Alternative Splicing; D000818:Animals; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000196:embryology* / Q000254:growth & development; D004027:Diencephalon / Q000196:embryology; D005314:Embryonic and Fetal Development; D005136:Eye Proteins; D005260:Female; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D053823:Hedgehog Proteins; D000090322:Homeobox Protein Nkx-2.2; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D060850:LIM-Homeodomain Proteins; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D009924:Organ Culture Techniques; D000071841:PAX6 Transcription Factor; D051761:Paired Box Transcription Factors; D011506:Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D012097:Repressor Proteins; D013788:Thalamus / Q000196:embryology* / Q000254:growth & development; D015534:Trans-Activators; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D029961:Zebrafish Proteins
chemical_list: D005136:Eye Proteins; D053823:Hedgehog Proteins; D000090322:Homeobox Protein Nkx-2.2; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins; D060850:LIM-Homeodomain Proteins; C499523:Lhx1 protein, mouse; C000715627:Nkx2-2 protein, mouse; D000071841:PAX6 Transcription Factor; D051761:Paired Box Transcription Factors; C000605732:Pax6 protein, mouse; D011506:Proteins; D012097:Repressor Proteins; D015534:Trans-Activators; D014157:Transcription Factors; D029961:Zebrafish Proteins; C000715630:nkx2.2b protein, zebrafish