title: In vitro and in vivo suppression of growth of rat liver epithelial tumor cells by antisense oligonucleotide against protein kinase C-alpha.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  It has been hypothesized that liver stem cells may be activated and proliferate upon liver injury and may participate in the development of liver cancer. GP7TB, a rat liver epithelial tumor cell line, possesses characteristics of liver stem-like cells and can develop into a tumor in syngeneic Fischer 344 rat. We found that protein kinase C-alpha (PKC-alpha) is overexpressed in GP7TB cells. The importance of PKC-alpha for this liver tumor cell was elucidated.
  
  
  METHODS
  Antisense oligonucleotide (ODN) was applied to suppress the production of PKC-alpha in GP7TB cells in vitro and in vivo. Cell viability was measured by acid phosphatase assay. The cellular levels of PKC-alpha and Bcl-2 were monitored by Western-blot analysis. Activation of nuclear factor NF-kappaB was analyzed by electrophoretic mobility shift assay. Cell cycle phase distribution was monitored by FACScan. Cell apoptosis was detected by TUNEL assay and histochemical staining of tumor tissue sections. The in vivo experiment was conducted by implanting tumor mass of GP7TB in the liver of F-344 rat and continuous delivery of the ODN by a mini-osmotic pump.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Antisense ODN effectively suppressed the level of PKC-alpha that resulted in the decrease of Bcl-2 and nuclear NF-kappaB. The cumulative viable cells also decreased dramatically for the antisense-treated group. FACScan showed that the cells were arrested at early S-phase. These cells in turn went into apoptosis without completing a cell cycle. It was found that growth of the tumor was suppressed efficiently by antisense ODN. Cell apoptosis was found in the orthotopic tumor. The normal liver cells were not affected.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A lethal effect of depressing the level of PKC-alpha in GP7TB cells and success in suppressing orthotopic tumor growth in vivo suggests that PKC-alpha antisense ODN would be a promising therapeutic agent for some liver cancers.
authors.affiliation: School of Medical Technology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, ROC.
authors.forename: S B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: L C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: H L
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Hsu
authors.forename: S H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Hsieh
authors.forename: C W
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Chi
authors.forename: L C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Au
mesh_terms: D000135:Acid Phosphatase / Q000032:analysis; D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000187:drug effects; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics*; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D020319:Oligodeoxyribonucleotides, Antisense / Q000633:toxicity*; D011493:Protein Kinase C / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics*; D051571:Protein Kinase C-alpha; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / Q000032:analysis; D051381:Rats; D011916:Rats, Inbred F344; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D007527:Isoenzymes; D020319:Oligodeoxyribonucleotides, Antisense; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D011493:Protein Kinase C; D051571:Protein Kinase C-alpha; D000135:Acid Phosphatase