title: Pulmonary valve replacement in adults late after repair of tetralogy of fallot: are we operating too late?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study is to evaluate right ventricular (RV) volume and function after pulmonary valve replacement (PVR) and to address the issue of optimal surgical timing in these patients.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Chronic pulmonary regurgitation (PR) following repair of tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) leads to RV dilation and an increased incidence of sudden cardiac death in adult patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied 25 consecutive adult patients who underwent PVR for significant PR late after repair of TOF. Radionuclide angiography was performed in all at a mean of 8.2 months (+/- 8 months) before PVR and repeated at a mean of 28.0 months (+/- 22.8 months) after the operation. Right ventricular (RV) end-systolic volume (RVESV), RV end-diastolic volume (RVEDV) and RV ejection fraction (RVEF) were measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean RVEDV, RVESV and RVEF remained unchanged after PVR (227.1 ml versus 214.9 ml, p = 0.74; 157.4 ml versus 155.4 ml, p = 0.94; 35.6% versus 34.7%, p = 0.78, respectively). Of the 10 patients with RVEF > or = 0.40 before PVR, 5 patients (50%) maintained a RVEF > or = 0.40 following PVR, whereas only 2 out of 15 patients (13%) with pre-operative values <0.40 reached an RVEF > or = 0.40 postoperatively (p < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Right ventricular recovery following PVR for chronic significant pulmonary regurgitation after repair of TOF may be compromised in the adult population. In order to maintain adequate RV contractility, pulmonary valve implant in these patients should be considered before RV function deteriorates.
authors.affiliation: University of Toronto Congenital Cardiac Center for Adults, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Therrien
authors.forename: S C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Siu
authors.forename: P R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: McLaughlin
authors.forename: P P
authors.initials: PP
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: W G
authors.initials: WG
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: G D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Webb
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006350:Heart Valve Prosthesis; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011664:Pulmonary Valve; D011665:Pulmonary Valve Insufficiency / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D011875:Radionuclide Angiography; D015996:Survival Rate; D013771:Tetralogy of Fallot / Q000150:complications* / Q000401:mortality / Q000503:physiopathology; D013997:Time Factors; D016278:Ventricular Function, Right