title: [Treatment of severe Parkinson disease with electric stimulation of the subthalamic nuclei].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Patients with Parkinson's disease suffering from severe fluctuations, i.e. dyskinesias and on-off periods and/or severe tremor, who cannot be improved by adjustment of the medical treatment, can be treated with deep brain stimulation via leads implanted bilaterally into the subthalamic nuclei.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nine patients with advanced idiopathic Parkinson's disease were treated with stereotactic and bilateral implantation of leads into the subthalamic nuclei. All patients had levodopa responsive Parkinson's disease and levodopa induced fluctuations in the form of on-off periods and dyskinesias. The mean age was 61 years and the mean duration of disease 15 years. The patients were followed for 12 months and evaluated with the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale off and on medications before and after lead implantation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The Hoehn & Yahr stage fell from 3.9/2.8 before lead implantation and off/on medication to 3.0/2.3 with lead stimulation turned on and off/on medication. The activity of daily living (ADL) index was significantly improved and reduced from 27/13 before lead implantation and off/on medication to 12/7 with the stimulation turned on and off/on medication i.e. with 55%/46% on stimulation. The motor score was likewise significantly improved and reduced from 55/28 to 24/17 i.e. with 56%/39% on stimulation. The most important results of deep brain stimulation in the subthalamic nuclei is the significant reduction of the motor fluctuations. On stimulation off periods were reduced from 30% to 6% and the dyskinesias were significantly reduced from 47% to 14% of the daytime. The mean dose of levodopa equivalent medication was reduced with 26%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In conclusion, patients with advanced Parkinson's disease and levodopa induced fluctuations can be successfully treated with bilateral high frequency electric stimulation of leads implanted into the subthalamic nuclei.
authors.affiliation: Arhus Universitetshospital, neurologisk afdeling F. Karen.Ostergaard@Teliamail.dk
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ostergaard
authors.forename: N A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Sunde
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Sørensen
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Dupont
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology; D004599:Electric Stimulation Therapy / Q000009:adverse effects; D004567:Electrodes, Implanted; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019635:Neurosurgical Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy*; D013238:Stereotaxic Techniques; D013787:Thalamic Nuclei / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery