title: Normal detrusor is more sensitive than hypertrophied detrusor to in vitro ischemia followed by re-oxygenation.
abstract: Partial outlet obstruction results in marked metabolic as well as contractile alterations. Specifically, the ratio of anaerobic to oxidative metabolism is significantly greater in hypertrophied than normal bladder smooth muscle, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and lactic acid production are increased, and the contractile apparatus is altered to allow for metabolically more efficient tension generation. In addition, contractile responses of hypertrophied bladder are apparently more resistant than those of normal bladder to hypoxia. In the current experiment, we studied the effects of in vitro ischemia (hypoxia + substrate deprivation) followed by an in vitro model of reperfusion (re-oxygenation + substrate replacement) on contractile responses of normal and hypertrophied urinary bladder strips. We used repetitive field stimulation (FS) during the hypoxic period as a model for hyperreflexia. The purpose of the current study was to compare the responses of normal and hypertrophied bladder smooth muscle to repetitive stimulation in the presence of in vitro ischemia followed by re-oxygenation and substrate replacement. Thirty-two rats were separated into four groups of eight each. The rats in groups 1 and 3 were subjected to partial outlet obstruction. Two weeks later, all rats were anesthetized; their bladders were isolated and cut into four strips. Each strip was mounted in an isolated bath, and after 1-hour incubation in Tyrode's solution containing glucose (in the presence of O(2)), contractile responses to FS, carbachol, and KCl were determined. After this first set of stimulations, the strips were incubated without glucose and in the presence of N(2) for 30 minutes and 1 hour (groups 1 and 2); and for 2 and 4 hours (groups 3 and 4). For groups 1 and 2, the tissues were stimulated at 5-minute intervals with FS at 32 Hz, 1-millisecond duration, 3-second trains (in vitro model of hyperreflexia). For groups 3 and 4, no stimulations were performed during the ischemic period. At the end of the ischemic period, all strips were washed and incubated for 1 hour in the presence of O(2) and with glucose. At the end of this incubation, all strips received a second set of stimulations. a) Partial outlet obstruction resulted in a significant increase in bladder weight. b) Responses to in vitro ischemia: After in vitro ischemia, contractile responses of both normal and hypertrophied tissues to FS were reduced to a significantly greater degree than were responses to carbachol and KCl. The rate of development of contractile dysfunction was significantly greater in normal bladder tissue strips than in hypertrophied bladder strips. c) Responses to repetitive stimulation: The rate of development of contractile dysfunction was significantly greater in all strips subjected to repetitive stimulation than in those not repetitively stimulated; in addition, normal bladder strips were more sensitive than hypertrophied strips to hypoxia and substrate deprivation-induced contractile dysfunction. The rate of contractile failure induced by in vitro ischemia followed by re-oxygenation and substrate replacement was significantly greater for normal bladder strips than for hypertrophied bladder strips. These results indicate that, after partial outlet obstruction, the hypertrophied tissue is more resistant than normal tissue to hypoxia and substrate deprivation.
authors.affiliation: Division of Basic and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Albany College of Pharmacy, Albany, New York 12208, USA. levinr@panther.acp.edu
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Levin
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: English
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Barretto
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dubuc
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: O'Connor
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Leggett
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Whitbeck
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002217:Carbachol / Q000494:pharmacology; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D006984:Hypertrophy; D007511:Ischemia / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D009130:Muscle, Smooth / Q000473:pathology / Q000502:physiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D051381:Rats; D012016:Reference Values; D015424:Reperfusion; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000473:pathology / Q000502:physiology*; D001748:Urinary Bladder Neck Obstruction / Q000503:physiopathology*
chemical_list: D002217:Carbachol