title: Origins and distribution of cholinergically induced beta rhythms in hippocampal slices.
abstract: Regional variations and substrates of high-frequency rhythmic activity induced by cholinergic stimulation were studied in hippocampal slices with 64-electrode recording arrays. (1) Carbachol triggered beta waves (17.6 +/- 5.7 Hz) in pyramidal regions of 75% of the slices. (2) The waves had phase shifts across the cell body layers and were substantially larger in the apical dendrites than in cell body layers or basal dendrites. (3) Continuous, two-dimensional current source density analyses indicated apical sinks associated with basal sources, lasting approximately 10 msec, followed by apical sources and basal sinks, lasting approximately 20 msec, in a repeating pattern with a period in the range of 15-25 Hz. (4) Carbachol-induced beta waves in the hippocampus were accompanied by 40 Hz (gamma) oscillations in deep layers of the entorhinal cortex. (5) Cholinergically elicited beta and gamma rhythms were eliminated by antagonists of either AMPA or GABA receptors. Benzodiazepines markedly enhanced beta activity and sometimes introduced a distinct gamma frequency peak. (6) Twenty Hertz activity after orthodromic activation of field CA3 was distributed in the same manner as carbachol-induced beta waves and was generated by a current source in the apical dendrites of CA3. This source was eliminated by high concentrations of GABA(A) receptor blockers. It is concluded that cholinergically driven beta rhythms arise independently in hippocampal subfields from oscillatory circuits involving (1) bursts of pyramidal cell discharges, (2) activation of a subset of feedback interneurons that project apically, and (3) production of a GABA(A)-mediated hyperpolarization in the outer portions of the apical dendrites of pyramidal neurons.
authors.affiliation: Technology Development Center, Panasonic, Cypress, California 90630, USA.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shimono
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Brucher
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Granger
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lynch
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Taketani
mesh_terms: D000109:Acetylcholine / Q000378:metabolism*; D000200:Action Potentials / Q000187:drug effects; D000818:Animals; D001611:Beta Rhythm / Q000187:drug effects; D002217:Carbachol / Q000494:pharmacology; D018679:Cholinergic Agonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D003712:Dendrites / Q000187:drug effects; D003975:Diazepam / Q000494:pharmacology; D018728:Entorhinal Cortex / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology; D005071:Evoked Potentials / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D005583:Fourier Analysis; D018757:GABA Modulators / Q000494:pharmacology; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008839:Microelectrodes; D017966:Pyramidal Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012815:Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted; D009435:Synaptic Transmission / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D018679:Cholinergic Agonists; D018757:GABA Modulators; D002217:Carbachol; D000109:Acetylcholine; D003975:Diazepam