title: Quality of life in systemic lupus erythematosus patients during more and less active disease states: differential contributors to mental and physical health.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To identify determinants of mental and physical health as a function of disease state in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).
  
  
  METHODS
  A sample of 129 SLE patients (mean age 42.01 years; SD 11.09) was recruited from 9 immunology/rheumatology clinics across Canada. Patients completed questionnaires assessing psychological distress, social support, coping, stress, and health-related quality of life. Physicians rated disease activity (using the revised Systemic Lupus Activity Measure; SLAM-R) and damage (using the Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics/American College of Rheumatology Damage Index). Mental and physical health composite scores were derived from the Medical Outcomes Study Short Form 36. Patients were subdivided into more active (SLAM-R > or = 10; n = 38) or less active disease states (n = 91).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Better mental health was predicted by more education and less emotion-oriented coping in the patients in a more active disease state (P = 0.0001; R2 = 0.46). Better mental health was predicted by less stress, less emotion-oriented coping and more task-oriented coping in patients during a less active disease state (P = 0.0001; R2 = 0.45). Better physical health was predicted by more emotion-oriented coping in patients in a more active disease state (P = 0.04; R2 = 0.11). Better physical health was predicted by less stress and younger age in patients during a less active disease state (P = 0.0001; R2 = 0.20).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The positive association between emotion-oriented coping and better physical health in patients during a more active disease state suggests that this style of coping may be more adaptive in situations that are considered uncontrollable (e.g., SLE flare). Predictors of mental health were similar to those found in the literature, especially for SLE patients in a less active disease state.
authors.affiliation: Division of Clinical Epidemiology, Montreal General Hospital Research Institute, Quebec, Canada.
authors.forename: P L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Dobkin
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Da Costa
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dritsa
authors.forename: P R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Fortin
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Senécal
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Goulet
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Choquette
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Rich
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Beaulieu
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cividino
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Edworthy
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Barr
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ensworth
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Esdaile
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gladman
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zummer
authors.forename: A E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Clarke
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000328:Adult; D002908:Chronic Disease; D005260:Female; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D008180:Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology*; D008603:Mental Health; D008875:Middle Aged; D011788:Quality of Life; D012307:Risk Factors; D012944:Social Support; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000209:etiology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires