title: Retrograde tracing with Fluoro-Gold: different methods of tracer detection at the ultrastructural level and neurodegenerative changes of back-filled neurons in long-term studies.
abstract: Among the available retrograde fluorescent tracers Fluoro-Gold (FG) is particularly advantageous because it (1) is not only detectable by fluorescence microscopy but also immunocytochemically, resulting in an almost complete staining of the dendritic arbor, (2) is visible in lysosome-like structures allowing for the identification of projection neurons at the ultrastructural level, and (3) remains in the labeled neurons for extended periods of time. Photoconversion and immunostaining for FG, respectively, result in a stable, electron-dense reaction product. Thus, the retrogradely labeled cells can be analyzed quantitatively in the light- and electron microscope for their structural characteristics and input synapses. Long-term studies of back-filled neurons provided evidence for neurotoxic effects of FG in these cells.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Anatomy, University of Freiburg, P.O. Box 111, D-79001, Freiburg, Germany.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Naumann
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Härtig
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Frotscher
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001370:Axonal Transport / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D019771:Axotomy / Q000009:adverse effects; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D005260:Female; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes / Q000633:toxicity; D007150:Immunohistochemistry / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D009410:Nerve Degeneration / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000473:pathology; D009434:Neural Pathways / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D009474:Neurons / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D009498:Neurotoxins / Q000633:toxicity*; D010777:Photochemistry / Q000379:methods; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012686:Septal Nuclei / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D013266:Stilbamidines; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: C049774:2-hydroxy-4,4'-diamidinostilbene, methanesulfonate salt; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D009498:Neurotoxins; D013266:Stilbamidines