title: Enhancement of nuclear factor-kappaB activation and protein tyrosine phosphorylation by a tyrosine phosphatase inhibitor, pervanadate, involves reactive oxygen species in silica-stimulated macrophages.
abstract: Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and phosphorylation events mediated by tyrosine kinase are involved in silica-induced nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappaB) activation. Protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTPase) acts to limit protein tyrosine phosphorylation. In the present study, we investigated the role of PTPase in NF-kappaB activation and tyrosine phosphorylation in silica-stimulated macrophages, and the involvement of ROS in these responses. Treatment of mouse peritoneal macrophages (RAW264.7 cells) with a PTPase inhibitor, pervanadate, markedly enhanced the DNA-binding activity of NF-kappaB in the presence or absence of silica. The stimulatory effect of pervanadate on NF-kappaB activation was also demonstrated in LPS-stimulated macrophages. A specific inhibitor of protein tyrosine kinase (PTK), genistein, prevented the NF-kappaB activation induced by pervanadate in the presence of silica while inhibitors of protein kinase A or C, such as staurosporine or H7, had no inhibitory effect on NF-kappaB activation. A variety of antioxidants, such as catalase, superoxide dismutase, N-acetyl cysteine (NAC), and pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate, inhibited NF-kappaB activation induced by pervanadate in the presence of silica. Furthermore, pervanadate markedly enhanced silica- or LPS-induced protein tyrosine phosphorylation in cells. Treatment of macrophages with NAC abolished the increase in tyrosine phosphorylation in cells stimulated with the combination of pervanadate and either silica or LPS or with silica alone. The results suggest that PTPase may play a crucial role in the negative regulation of silica-signaling pathways leading to NF-kappaB activation in macrophages. Furthermore, ROS appear to be involved in downstream signaling between PTPase inhibition and NF-kappaB activation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Division of Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Ewha Medical Research Center and Center for Cell Signaling Research, Ewha Womans University, 911-1 Mok-6-dong, Yangcheon-ku, 158-056, Seoul, South Korea. jihee@mm.ewha.ac.kr
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.forename: I S
authors.initials: IS
authors.lastname: Pack
authors.forename: H S
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Castranova
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002460:Cell Line; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D004586:Electrophoresis; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism*; D011233:Precipitin Tests; D017027:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism*; D012822:Silicon Dioxide / Q000633:toxicity*; D013268:Stimulation, Chemical; D014443:Tyrosine / Q000378:metabolism*; D014638:Vanadates / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D016328:NF-kappa B; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; C076715:pervanadate; D014638:Vanadates; D014443:Tyrosine; D012822:Silicon Dioxide; D017027:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases