title: Antioxidative activity of urate in bovine milk.
abstract: The antioxidative effects of urate on peroxidase-induced protein oxidation and light-induced riboflavin degradation and lipid oxidation in whole milk were studied. In addition, experiments using ascorbate were conducted to directly compare the antioxidative activity of urate and ascorbate. The presence of urate and/or ascorbate (10-30 mg/L) lowered peroxidase-induced formation of dityrosine by 44-96% in unpasteurized whole milk. No synergistic effect of urate and ascorbate on peroxidase-induced dityrosine formation was registered, but merely an additive effect. Light exposure of pasteurized whole milk showed that ascorbate was oxidized at the expense of urate, which indicated ascorbate-mediated recycling of the urate radical. Moreover, both urate and ascorbate (30 mg/L) retarded light-induced lipid oxidation in pasteurized whole milk as measured by formation of lipid hydroperoxides with urate being the most effective (28% reduction in lipid hydroperoxides) compared with ascorbate (14%). Finally, addition of urate or ascorbate (300 mg/L) to pasteurized whole milk showed a slight protective effect against light-induced degradation of riboflavin with urate being the most effective.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Product Quality, Danish Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Research Centre Foulum, P.O. Box 50, DK-8830 Tjele, Denmark. Henrik.Ostdal@agrsci.dk
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ostdal
authors.forename: H J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Andersen
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Nielsen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001205:Ascorbic Acid / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002417:Cattle; D005519:Food Preservation; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000494:pharmacology; D008027:Light; D008892:Milk / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000201:enzymology; D008894:Milk Proteins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000187:drug effects; D010544:Peroxidases / Q000378:metabolism*; D012256:Riboflavin / Q000737:chemistry / Q000528:radiation effects; D014443:Tyrosine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000032:analysis; D014527:Uric Acid / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D008894:Milk Proteins; D014527:Uric Acid; D014443:Tyrosine; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; C007543:dityrosine; D010544:Peroxidases; D001205:Ascorbic Acid; D012256:Riboflavin