title: The Collaborative Longitudinal Personality Disorders Study: baseline Axis I/II and II/II diagnostic co-occurrence.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe baseline diagnostic co-occurrence in the Collaborative Longitudinal Personality Disorders Study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Six hundred and sixty-eight patients were reliably assessed with diagnostic interviews for DSM-IV Axis I and II disorders to create five groups: Schizotypal (STPD), Borderline (BPD), Avoidant (AVPD), Obsessive-Compulsive (OCPD) and Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) without personality disorder (PD).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean number of Axis I lifetime diagnoses was 3.4; STPD and BPD groups had more diagnoses than AVPD, OCPD, and MDD groups. Significant Axis I co-occurrences emerged for Social Phobia/ AVPD, PTSD/BPD and Substance Use/BPD. Mean number of co-occurring PDs was 1.4; STPD had more than BPD group which had more than AVPD and OCPD groups. Significant PD co-occurrence emerged for: STPD/ Paranoid and Schizoid PDs, BPD with Antisocial and Dependent PDs, and lower frequency for OCPD/Antisocial PD.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Diagnostic co-occurrences generally followed base rates, while significant departures resemble those of controlled literature.
authors.affiliation: Yale Univeristy School of Medicine and Yale Psychiatric Institute and Department of Psychiatry, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
authors.forename: T H
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: McGlashan
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Grilo
authors.forename: A E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Skodol
authors.forename: J G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Gunderson
authors.forename: M T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Shea
authors.forename: L C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Morey
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Zanarini
authors.forename: R L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Stout
mesh_terms: D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis*; D010554:Personality Disorders / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis*; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012720:Severity of Illness Index