title: Recurrent remodeling after ventricular assistance: is long-term myocardial recovery attainable?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Long-term left ventricular assist devices (LVAD) have been used both as a bridge to heart transplantation and to recovery of native myocardial function. Despite much evidence for reversal of some of the structural and functional changes present in the failing heart during LVAD support, clinical evidence for sustained myocardial recovery is scant. We describe 2 patients in whom myocardial recovery during LVAD support led to device explanation only to have heart failure recur. This necessitated a second LVAD implantation, a process that we have termed recurrent remodeling.
  
  
  METHODS
  The medical records of 2 patients with cardiomyopathy supported with HeartMate LVADs (Thermo Cardiosystems, Inc, Woburn, MA) were retrospectively reviewed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One patient was supported with an LVAD for 2 months, at which time the LVAD was explanted. Progressive deterioration of cardiac function followed, requiring a second LVAD 19 months after LVAD explanation. After 2 months of further LVAD support, a second episode of apparent myocardial recovery was observed during a period of device malfunction. The other patient was supported with an LVAD for 12 months, at which time the LVAD was explanted. The patient experienced progressive hemodynamic deterioration and required a second LVAD 6 months after LVAD explantation. Heart transplantations of both patients were successful.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our understanding of myocardial recovery in the setting of hemodynamic unloading with LVAD support has not yet progressed to the point where we are able to accurately predict successful long-term LVAD explantation. The evolution of reliable predictors of sustainable myocardial recovery will help to avoid further cases of recurrent remodeling requiring repeat LVAD implantation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, New York Presbyterian Hospital, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, New York 10032, USA.
authors.forename: D N
authors.initials: DN
authors.lastname: Helman
authors.forename: S W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Maybaum
authors.forename: D L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Morales
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Beniaminovitz
authors.forename: N M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Edwards
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Mancini
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Oz
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D009202:Cardiomyopathies / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D002311:Cardiomyopathy, Dilated / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D002648:Child; D020878:Device Removal; D005260:Female; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D016027:Heart Transplantation / Q000502:physiology; D006353:Heart-Assist Devices; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012008:Recurrence; D012086:Reoperation; D013318:Stroke Volume / Q000502:physiology; D020257:Ventricular Remodeling / Q000502:physiology*