title: Comparison of two antibiotic regimens in the treatment of perforated appendicitis in pediatric patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  An increased incidence of post-surgical infectious complications in children admitted with a diagnosis of perforated appendicitis led to development of a disease-specific antibiogram and modification of our post-operative antibiotic regimen.
  
  
  METHODS
  A historical control group comprised of 32 pediatric patients receiving ampicillin, gentamicin, and clindamycin (group AGC) was compared to a cohort of 32 children receiving ticarcillin/clavulanate plus gentamicin (group TG). The surgical procedure, peri-operative management, and inclusion, exclusion and discharge criteria were the same for each group. Outcome measures including length of stay, time to defervesce, incidence of infectious complications, and clinical failures to the antibiotic regimen were compared.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The groups were similar with respect to gender, age, weight, surgical time, pre-operative leukocytes, and number of intra-operative bacterial isolates cultured per patient. Length of stay was 10.1 days in group TG and 12.5 days for group AGC (p = 0.0197). The number of clinical failures was reduced from 9 (28.1%) to 2 (6.3%) in group TG (p = 0.02). The time to defervesce was decreased by 1.4 days, and the number of infectious complications was reduced to 2.5-fold in group TG patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Ticarcillin/clavulanate plus gentamicin was clinically more effective than ampicillin, gentamicin, and clindamycin combination therapy in the management of perforated appendicitis in our pediatric population.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Pharmacy Services, Jackson Children's Hospital, Miami, Florida, USA.
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Rodriguez
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Buckner
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Schoenike
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Gomez-Marin
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Oiticica
authors.forename: W R
authors.initials: WR
authors.lastname: Thompson
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000667:Ampicillin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001064:Appendicitis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002969:Clavulanic Acids / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002981:Clindamycin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005839:Gentamicins / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007416:Intestinal Perforation / Q000188:drug therapy*; D010406:Penicillins / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013982:Ticarcillin / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D002969:Clavulanic Acids; D005839:Gentamicins; D010406:Penicillins; D002981:Clindamycin; D000667:Ampicillin; C043215:ticarcillin-clavulanic acid; D013982:Ticarcillin