title: Important role of CD18 in TNF-alpha-induced leukocyte adhesion in muscle and skin venules in vivo.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the role of CD 18 in tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha)-induced leukocyte adhesion and extravasation in vivo.
  
  
  METHODS
  Male wild-type (WT) and mutated mice with hypomorphic expression of CD 18.
  
  
  METHODS
  Intravital microscopy was used to quantitate leukocyte-endothelium interactions provoked by TNF-alpha (0.5 microg) in the cremaster muscle and dorsal skin microcirculation. Tissue recruitment of leukocytes was evaluated in wholemounts of the cremaster muscle and in air pouches in the dorsal skin after TNF-alpha stimulation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  TNF-alpha markedly increased venular leukocyte adhesion and recruitment in the cremaster muscle and skin in WT. Notably, in CD 18-targeted animals, leukocyte adhesion triggered by TNF-alpha challenge was significantly reduced by 58% and 72% in venules of the cremaster muscle and skin, respectively. Moreover, in CD18-mutants, tissue accumulation of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNLs) provoked by TNF-alpha in the muscle and skin was decreased by 84% and 70%, respectively. Interestingly, the observed level of reduction in TNF-alpha-induced neutrophil adhesion and recruitment in CD18 gene-targeted animals corresponded well with the decrease in CD 18 expression on neutrophils from these mice, i.e. the surface density of CD18 was reduced by 77% in mutants compared to WT. Differential analysis revealed that the extravascular leukocytes comprised more than 90% PMNLs, indicating that neutrophils were the main inflammatory cell responding to TNF-alpha activation. Notably, the expression of CD18 increased by more than two-fold on extravasated neutrophils compared to circulating neutrophils in the peripheral blood both in WT and mutant animals.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings suggest that CD18 is a dominant mediator of firm neutrophil adhesion to venular endothelial cells in the muscle and skin stimulated by TNF-alpha in vivo. In addition, this decreased adhesion in CD18-mutants attenuates leukocyte extravasation in response to TNF-alpha activation. Thus, inhibition of CD 18-function may provide an important strategy to inhibit leukocyte recruitment in cytokine-dependent diseases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Malmö University Hospital, Lund University, Sweden.
authors.forename: X W
authors.initials: XW
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Schramm
authors.forename: Q
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ekberg
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Jeppsson
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Thorlacius
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018821:CD18 Antigens / Q000502:physiology*; D002448:Cell Adhesion / Q000187:drug effects; D007962:Leukocytes / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D009132:Muscles / Q000098:blood supply; D012867:Skin / Q000098:blood supply; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014699:Venules / Q000166:cytology
chemical_list: D018821:CD18 Antigens; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha