title: Endothelins regulate arachidonic acid release and mitogen-activated protein kinase activity in Schwann cells.
abstract: Immortalized rat Schwann cells (iSC) express endothelin (ET) receptors coupled to inhibition of adenylyl cyclase and stimulation of phospholipase C (PLC). These effects precede phenotypic changes and increased DNA synthesis. We have investigated the role of ETs in the regulation of arachidonic acid (AA) release and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs). Both ET-1 and ET-3 increased AA release in iSC. This effect was sensitive to the phospholipase A(2) (PLA(2)) inhibitors E:-6-(bromomethylene)tetrahydro-3-(1-naphthalenyl)-2H:-pyran-2-one and arachidonyl-trifluoromethyl ketone but was insensitive to inhibitors of PLC or phospholipase D-dependent diacylglycerol generation. ET-1-dependent AA release was also unaffected by removal of extracellular Ca(2+) and blocking the concomitant elevation in [Ca(2+)](i), consistent with participation of a Ca(2+)-independent PLA(2). Treatment of iSC with ETs also resulted in activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase, c-Jun-NH(2)-terminal kinase (JNK), and p38 MAPK. A cause-effect relationship between agonist-dependent AA release and stimulation of MAPKs, but not the opposite, was suggested by activation of JNK by exogenous AA and by the observation that inhibition of MAPK kinase or p38 MAPK was inconsequential to ET-1-induced AA release. Similar effects of ETs on AA release and MAPK activity were observed in cultures expanded from primary SC and in iSC. Regulation of these effectors may mediate the control of proliferation and differentiation of SC by ETs during peripheral nerve development and regeneration.
authors.affiliation: Division of Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio 44106-4982, USA. lnb@po.cwru.edu
authors.forename: L N
authors.initials: LN
authors.lastname: Berti-Mattera
authors.forename: P L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Wilkins
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Harwalkar
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Madhun
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Almhanna
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mattera
mesh_terms: D037361:Adenylate Cyclase Toxin; D000818:Animals; D016718:Arachidonic Acid / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002614:Chelating Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D005576:Colforsin / Q000494:pharmacology; D019332:Endothelin-1 / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D019334:Endothelin-3 / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D007424:Intracellular Fluid / Q000378:metabolism; D007476:Ionophores / Q000494:pharmacology; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1 / Q000378:metabolism; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D010740:Phospholipases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D011493:Protein Kinase C / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D051381:Rats; D012583:Schwann Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D010566:Virulence Factors, Bordetella / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D037361:Adenylate Cyclase Toxin; D002614:Chelating Agents; D019332:Endothelin-1; D019334:Endothelin-3; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D007476:Ionophores; D010566:Virulence Factors, Bordetella; D005576:Colforsin; D016718:Arachidonic Acid; D011493:Protein Kinase C; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D010740:Phospholipases; D002118:Calcium