title: Systemic inflammatory response in cardiac allograft vasculopathy: high-sensitive C-reactive protein is associated with progressive luminal obstruction.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Response to immunologic and nonimmunologic injury has been reported to initiate the development of cardiac allograft vasculopathy (CAVD). Although histopathologic examinations reveal signs of focal inflammation, little is known about the systemic inflammatory response in this accelerated coronary syndrome.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Therefore, we investigated high-sensitive C-reactive protein (CRP) in a large cohort of heart transplant (HTX) recipients (n=102, 90 male, mean age 45.2+/-11.5 years, 6.1+/-3.3 years after HTX) in correlation with a progression of luminal obstruction as assessed by serial coronary angiography (defined as an increase of focal stenosis >/=30% or detection of a new lesion) after a mean interval of 1.8+/-1.0 years. Patients with signs of an acute rejection or infection were excluded. In the entire group, CRP levels ranged from 0.2 to 12.7 mg/L (mean 2.6+/-2.7 mg/L). Patients with progressive CAVD (n=35) presented with significantly higher levels of CRP (4.1+/-3.3 mg/L) than did those with a nonprogressive course (n=67) (1.8+/-1.9 mg/L, P:=0.001). These observations were independent of the initial indication for HTX (atherosclerotic disorder versus cardiomyopathy, P:=0.18) and the severity of CAVD at baseline examination (P:=0.12).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Progressive cardiac allograft vasculopathy is accompanied by a systemic inflammatory reaction, which gives further insight into the pathogenesis of this coronary syndrome and may well serve as an indicator for patients at risk.
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany. Klaus.Pethig@t-online.de
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Pethig
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Heublein
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kutschka
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Haverich
mesh_terms: D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism*; D002908:Chronic Disease; D015331:Cohort Studies; D017023:Coronary Angiography; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000276:immunology*; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D016027:Heart Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000276:immunology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors; D014654:Vascular Patency; D014657:Vasculitis / Q000209:etiology / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D002097:C-Reactive Protein