title: Lipid concentrations and the use of lipid lowering drugs: evidence from a national cross sectional survey.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the prevalence of the use of lipid lowering agents and its relation to blood lipid concentrations in English adults.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross sectional survey.
  
  
  METHODS
  England, 1998.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nationally representative sample of 13 586 adults (aged >/=16 years) living in non-institutional households.
  
  
  METHODS
  Mean blood concentrations of total cholesterol and high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, and the ratio of total cholesterol to HDL cholesterol, in participants classified by age and sex; prevalence of raised total cholesterol concentrations and increased ratio of total to HDL cholesterol; prevalence of use of lipid lowering agents and the lipid concentrations of people taking them.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean total cholesterol concentrations were 5.47 (SE 0. 02) mmol/l in men and 5.59 (0.02) mmol/l in women. Mean HDL cholesterol concentrations were 1.28 (0.01) mmol/l in men and 1.55 (0.01) mmol/l in women. Overall, of 10 569 adults who had a valid cholesterol measurement taken 7133 (67.5%; 95% confidence interval 66.5% to 68.4%) had a total cholesterol concentration >/=5 mmol/l, 2804 (26.5%; 25.7% to 27.4%) had a ratio of total cholesterol to HDL cholesterol >/=5 mmol/l, and 237 (2.2%; 1.9% to 2.5%) reported taking lipid lowering drugs. Of 117 participants with no history of cardiovascular disease but whose estimated 10 year risk of coronary heart disease was >/=30% and whose total cholesterol concentration was >/=5 mmol/l, four (3%) were taking lipid lowering drugs. Of 385 adults aged 16-75 with a history of coronary heart disease and eligible for lipid lowering treatment, 114 (30%; 25% to 34%) were taking lipid lowering drugs, of whom only 50 (44%; 35% to 53%) had a total cholesterol concentration <5 mmol/l.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Despite the high prevalence of dyslipidaemia in English adults, the proportion of adults taking lipid lowering drugs in 1998 was only 2.2%. Rates of treatment were low among high risk patients eligible for primary prevention with lipid lowering drugs, and less than one third of patients with established cardiovascular disease received such treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Royal Free and University College Medical School, London WC1E 6BT. paolap@publichealth.ucla.ac.uk
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Primatesta
authors.forename: N R
authors.initials: NR
authors.lastname: Poulter
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004739:England; D005260:Female; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D006937:Hypercholesterolemia / Q000517:prevention & control; D000960:Hypolipidemic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged
chemical_list: D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D000960:Hypolipidemic Agents; D008055:Lipids