title: Cryopreservation of epididymal sperm obtained at necropsy from goats.
abstract: In the field of transgenic production, the ability to carry a male's genetic contribution beyond its natural life span is remarkably important. The ability to successfully collect and cryopreserve sperm from the epididymis at necropsy may prove to be a useful technique for preserving valuable genes. Thirty-two bucks ranging in age from 13 days to 7 years were examined in this study and 25 had epididymal sperm extracted at necropsy. Seven bucks yielded clear fluid with no spermatozoa; all were under four months of age. Testes were removed from the scrotal sac, small lateral incisions made across the convoluted tubules, pressure applied to the tail of the epididymis and small droplets of sperm pipetted into equilibrated extender. The average initial analysis of wave motion (0 to 5, 5 being rapid wave motion), live/dead sperm percentage and acrosomal integrity of 25 fresh epididymal samples were 5.0, 92%, and 100%, respectively. By comparison, the same parameters obtained from 206 fresh ejaculated samples were 3.0, 86%, and 95%, respectively. After being cryopreserved in liquid nitrogen, one straw from each sample was thawed after 3 to 60 days of cryostorage. Results of post-thaw analysis of 25 cryopreserved epididymal sperm samples for live/dead percentage and acrosomal integrity were 82% and 84%, respectively. By comparison, results of post-thaw analysis of 206 cryopreserved ejaculated sperm samples for live/dead percentage and acrosomal integrity were 60% and 89%, respectively. To assess the competence of the frozen epididymal sperm, IVF and AI were performed. In parallel IVF experiments, 40% of the oocytes showed cleavage patterns, with 6% developing to the blastocyst stage using frozen epididymal sperm, while 37% of the oocytes showed cleavage patterns and 4% developed into blastocysts using frozen ejaculated sperm. One artificial insemination out of 20 resulted in a pregnancy using frozen epididymal sperm, while 7 of 18 artificial inseminations resulted in a pregnancy using frozen ejaculated sperm. This data documents the successful collection and cryopreservation of epididymal sperm from the goat and its use for in vitro fertilization and artificial insemination.
authors.affiliation: Genzyme Transgenics Corporation, Framingham, MA 01701, USA.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Blash
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Melican
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Gavin
mesh_terms: D000177:Acrosome / Q000502:physiology; D000818:Animals; D001344:Autopsy / Q000662:veterinary; D015925:Cryopreservation / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary*; D004542:Ejaculation / Q000502:physiology; D004822:Epididymis / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D005307:Fertilization in Vitro / Q000662:veterinary; D006041:Goats / Q000502:physiology*; D007315:Insemination, Artificial / Q000662:veterinary; D008297:Male; D011247:Pregnancy; D012662:Semen Preservation / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary*; D013081:Sperm Motility / Q000502:physiology; D013094:Spermatozoa / Q000502:physiology