title: Combination chemotherapy of cisplatin, ifosfamide, and irinotecan with rhG-CSF support in patients with brain metastases from non-small cell lung cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Brain metastases develop frequently in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and the prognosis for these patients is very poor. We evaluated the role of chemotherapy for patients with brain metastases from NSCLC.
  
  
  METHODS
  We analyzed 30 patients who were discovered to have brain metastases during the diagnosis of 121 patients enrolled in three consecutive clinical trials on advanced NSCLC assessing combination chemotherapy of cisplatin, ifosfamide and irinotecan with rhG-CSF support. Response in the brain lesions was evaluated by contrast-enhanced MRI scans after at least two courses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fourteen patients achieved a partial response (PR) but there was no change (NC) in 13 patients and progressive disease (PD) in 1. Among patients with extracranial lesions, 18 had a PR and 11 had NC. The response rate in brain metastases was 50.0%, and that in extracranial primary and metastatic lesions was 62.1%. The median duration of response for intra- and extracranial lesions was 140 and 147 days, respectively. After completing chemotherapy, Gamma Knife radiosurgery was performed on 2 patients in remission and 8 patients at disease progression. The median survival time and 1-year survival rate were 382 days and 56.1%, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Both the response rate and survival data in this retrospective study suggest a high degree of activity of this combination chemotherapy in patients with brain metastases from NSCLC.
authors.affiliation: Division of Respiratory Diseases, Minami-ichijo Hospital, Sapporo, Japan. afujita@sa2.so-net.ne.jp
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fujita
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fukuoka
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Takabatake
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tagaki
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sekine
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000556:secondary* / Q000601:surgery; D002166:Camptothecin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D018288:Carcinoma, Small Cell / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000556:secondary* / Q000601:surgery; D017024:Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; D002945:Cisplatin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005260:Female; D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D007069:Ifosfamide / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000077146:Irinotecan; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016634:Radiosurgery; D018714:Radiotherapy, Adjuvant; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016019:Survival Analysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor; D000077146:Irinotecan; D002945:Cisplatin; D007069:Ifosfamide; D002166:Camptothecin