Low-dose, short-acting, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors as rescue therapy in pregnancy.
OBJECTIVE
To assess the risks and potential benefits of low-dose angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor treatment in pregnancies complicated by severe hypertension.


METHODS
A retrospective review of pregnant women treated with ACE inhibitors was conducted. Hemodynamics before and after treatment were assessed by using Doppler technique to measure cardiac output. Data were analyzed by using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Maternal and neonatal outcomes were assessed by chart review and phone interview.


RESULTS
Ten pregnancies were identified in which ACE inhibitor therapy was initiated in pregnancy for severe, unresponsive vasoconstricted hypertension; three were complicated by severe chronic hypertension, 4 by renal insufficiency, and 3 by severe preeclampsia. Treatment was limited to a low-dose, short-acting ACE inhibitor (captopril, 12.5 to 25 mg/day). Treatment was associated with an increase in cardiac output from 5.7 +/- 1.5 L/minute to 7.4 +/- 1.4 L/minute (P<.01) and a reduction in total peripheral resistance from 1770 +/- 670 to 1222 +/- 271 dyne. sec. cm(-5) (P =.005). No fetal or neonatal complications were observed. The probability of observing one or more adverse neonatal outcome in this sample, based on an assumed true risk of 5% and 10%, was calculated to be 12% and 50%, respectively.


CONCLUSIONS
Low-dose captopril therapy was associated with improvement in maternal hemodynamics and, in cases complicated by severe hypertension and renal insufficiency, successful continuation of pregnancy. Fetal and neonatal complications were not experienced, but complication rates of 5-10% could have been missed because of the small number of exposed pregnancies.
Easterling
T R
TR
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-6460, USA. easter@u.washington.edu
Carr
D B
DB
Davis
C
C
Diederichs
C
C
Brateng
D A
DA
Schmucker
B
B
D000328:Adult; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D002216:Captopril / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D002302:Cardiac Output / Q000187:drug effects; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D011225:Pre-Eclampsia / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014655:Vascular Resistance / Q000187:drug effects
D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; D002216:Captopril