title: Prognostic value of alkaline phosphatase flare in patients with metastatic prostate cancer treated with endocrine therapy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the prognostic significance of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) flare in 114 patients with metastatic prostate cancer treated with endocrine therapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  ALP flare was defined as a transient increase of the serum ALP level to 120% or more of the pretreatment value after the initiation of endocrine therapy, followed by a subsequent decrease.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Univariate analysis demonstrated that patients with poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma, an extent of disease of 2 or greater, a serum ALP level above twice the upper limit of normal, a serum prostate-specific antigen level greater than 100 ng/mL, an ALP flare, and a hemoglobin level of 12 g/dL or less had a significantly lower survival rate than their respective counterparts. Multivariate Cox's proportional hazards model analysis demonstrated that tumor histologic features and ALP flare were significant prognostic indicators for survival.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of the present study suggest that the tumor histologic features and the ALP flare are significant prognostic indicators for survival in patients with metastatic prostate cancer treated with endocrine therapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjukuku, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Nakashima
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ozu
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nishiyama
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Oya
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ohigashi
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Asakura
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tachibana
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Murai
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000401:mortality / Q000556:secondary* / Q000628:therapy; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000097:blood*; D001859:Bone Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000556:secondary; D002369:Castration; D004967:Estrogens / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007987:Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D011379:Prognosis; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000097:blood; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015996:Survival Rate
chemical_list: D004967:Estrogens; D006454:Hemoglobins; D007987:Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen