title: Comparison of clinical pathology parameters with two different blood sampling techniques in rats: retrobulbar plexus versus sublingual vein.
abstract: Blood samples were taken from the retrobulbar venous plexus or the sublingual vein of male HamIbm:Wist rats to compare clinical pathology parameters between the two sampling techniques. By analogy with a pharmacokinetic study, blood was sampled six times during one day from unfasted animals. After 3 weeks of recovery, blood was taken from fasted animals on a single occasion. In addition, prolactin and corticosterone levels were determined to compare stress-related effects between the two sampling methods. Body weight development and food consumption were similar after single as well as after repeated blood sampling for the two blood sampling techniques. Haemotological evaluation showed a gradual decrease in erythrocyte count, haemoglobin concentration and haematocrit after repeated blood sampling. Repeated withdrawal of blood samples over 24 h corresponding to approximately 22% of the total blood volume resulted in a decrease in red blood cell parameters by up to 30%. The withdrawal of approximately 10% of the total blood volume was associated with a decrease in these parameters by up to 10% and should not be exceeded for animal welfare reasons and to allow a reliable evaluation of data in a study. Repeated blood sampling was associated with an initial decrease in the number of white blood cells, mainly due to a reduction in lymphocytes; white blood cell counts were slightly increased one day after. The decrease in lymphocytes and the increase in neutrophils after repeated sampling were generally slightly more pronounced in the blood from the retrobulbar plexus than from the sublingual vein. Comparison of serum clinical chemistry data showed significantly higher activities of creatine kinase and aspartate aminotransferase in samples from the retrobulbar plexus. These findings suggest a higher degree of tissue damage with blood sampling from the retrobulbar plexus than from the sublingual vein. Despite a large inter-individual variability, higher mean values of prolactin on each occasion and corticosterone after a single sample in fasted animals indicate a higher stress associated with blood sampling from the retrobulbar plexus.
authors.affiliation: Novartis Pharma AG, Preclinical Safety: Toxicology/Pathology, Basel, Switzerland.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mahl
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Heining
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ulrich
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jakubowski
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bobadilla
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zeller
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bergmann
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Singer
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Meister
mesh_terms: D000681:Amylases / Q000097:blood; D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D001800:Blood Specimen Collection / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary*; D001835:Body Weight; D003345:Corticosterone / Q000097:blood; D003402:Creatine Kinase / Q000097:blood; D004435:Eating; D002149:Energy Intake; D004906:Erythrocyte Count / Q000662:veterinary; D005123:Eye / Q000098:blood supply; D007958:Leukocyte Count / Q000662:veterinary; D008297:Male; D009060:Mouth Floor / Q000098:blood supply; D011388:Prolactin / Q000097:blood; D051381:Rats / Q000097:blood*; D013312:Stress, Physiological / Q000097:blood / Q000662:veterinary*; D014680:Veins
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D011388:Prolactin; D003402:Creatine Kinase; D000681:Amylases; D003345:Corticosterone