title: Safety valves for photosynthesis.
abstract: Recent studies have provided new insights into the ways that plants may dissipate excess photons and electrons, thereby protecting the photosynthetic apparatus against light-induced damage. These 'safety valves' include nonphotochemical mechanisms for quenching excited chlorophylls, as well as alternative electron acceptors such as oxygen.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-3102, USA. niyogi@nature.berkeley.edu
authors.forename: K K
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Niyogi
mesh_terms: D002734:Chlorophyll / Q000502:physiology; D004583:Electrons; D045342:Light-Harvesting Protein Complexes; D010100:Oxygen / Q000378:metabolism; D017785:Photons; D010788:Photosynthesis; D045322:Photosynthetic Reaction Center Complex Proteins / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D045342:Light-Harvesting Protein Complexes; D045322:Photosynthetic Reaction Center Complex Proteins; D002734:Chlorophyll; D010100:Oxygen