title: Meloxicam inhibits prostaglandin E(2) generation via cyclooxygenase 2 in the inflammatory site but not that via cyclooxygenase 1 in the stomach.
abstract: We studied the effects of meloxicam on prostanoid levels, both in the inflammatory site in rat carrageenin-induced pleurisy and in the rat stomach injected with 1 mol/l NaCl solution, to clarify the relationship between its low gastric toxicity and its relative cyclooxygenase (COX) 2 selectivity. NS-398 (3 mg/kg), a highly selective COX-2 inhibitor, and meloxicam (3 mg/kg) exhibited anti-inflammatory effects in the pleurisy model. Prostaglandin (PG) E(2) thromboxane (TX) B(2) and 6-keto-PGF(1alpha) were detectable in the inflammatory site. Anti-inflammatory doses of NS-398 and meloxicam each suppressed the intrapleural PGE(2) level at 5 h as potently as piroxicam (3 mg/kg) as aspirin (100 mg/kg), both of which are nonselective COX inhibitors. NS-398 was much less potent than the other three in suppressing the levels of TXB(2) and 6-keto-PGF(1alpha). These results suggest that PGE(2) may be produced mainly via COX-2 in this model and that meloxicam may inhibit COX-2 in the inflammatory site. Piroxicam completely inhibited the increase in gastric PGE(2) induced by administering 1 mol/l NaCl solution into the rat stomach. Nimesulide (3 mg/kg), another selective COX-2 inhibitor, however, never affected this increase, suggesting that the gastric PGE(2) may be produced via COX-1. The anti-inflammatory dose of meloxicam caused statistically nonsignificant suppression of the PGE(2) level, by approximately 50%. These results suggest that the potent anti-inflammatory effect of meloxicam, accompanied with low gastric toxicity, may be related to its relative selectivity for COX-2 over COX-1.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Nippon Boehringer Ingelheim Co. Ltd., Kawanishi Pharma Research Institute, Kawanishi, Japan.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ogino
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hatanaka
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kawamura
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ohno
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Harada
mesh_terms: D015121:6-Ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000494:pharmacology; D002351:Carrageenan; D051545:Cyclooxygenase 1; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D052246:Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015232:Dinoprostone / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D005750:Gastric Juice / Q000378:metabolism; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D000077239:Meloxicam; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D009578:Nitrobenzenes / Q000494:pharmacology; D010994:Pleura / Q000378:metabolism; D010998:Pleurisy / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013270:Stomach / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology*; D013449:Sulfonamides / Q000494:pharmacology; D013843:Thiazines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013844:Thiazoles / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D052246:Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors; D007527:Isoenzymes; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D009578:Nitrobenzenes; D013449:Sulfonamides; D013843:Thiazines; D013844:Thiazoles; C080955:N-(2-cyclohexyloxy-4-nitrophenyl)methanesulfonamide; D015121:6-Ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha; D002351:Carrageenan; D051545:Cyclooxygenase 1; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases; C496513:Ptgs1 protein, rat; D015232:Dinoprostone; D000077239:Meloxicam