title: CD45RA+ ICAM-3+ lymphocytes in cerebrospinal fluid and blood as markers of disease activity in patients with multiple sclerosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Autoreactive T cells targeted against antigens of the myelin sheath are suggested to play an important role in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS). Naive (CD45RA+) T cells and intercellular adhesion molecule-3 (ICAM-3) are markers for un-activated lymphocytes. This study was performed to investigate, whether the expression levels of these antigens both on cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and peripheral blood lymphocytes can be used as activity markers in MS.
  
  
  METHODS
  Corresponding blood and CSF samples were obtained from 31 patients with relapsing-remitting MS. Of the 31 MS patients 23 were suffering from acute relapses at the time of examination and all of them were treated with high-dose methylprednisolone (MP). Blood was collected again on the 10th day of therapy and after 3 months. The control group consisted of 12 healthy persons. Two-color flow cytometry was performed to evaluate the percentage of both CD45RA+ and ICAM-3+ cells within the lymphocyte population.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The percentage of CD45RA+ ICAM-3+ cells in the CSF of MS patients with relapses was significantly increased compared to patients in remission (P<0.05). In blood, a significantly lower percentage of CD45RA+ ICAM-3+ lymphocytes was found in both patient groups compared to healthy controls (Relapse: P<0.05, Remission: P<0.10). Additionally, we found a significant increase (P < 0.01) in the percentage of CD45RA+ ICAM-3+ lymphocytes in blood of MS patients suffering from acute relapse on the 10th day of high-dose MP treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data suggest that the percentage of CD45RA+ ICAM-3+ lymphocytes in CSF can be used as marker of disease activity in MS patients.
authors.affiliation: Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Department of Neurology, Germany. joerg.kraus@neuro.med.uni-giessen.de
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kraus
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Oschmann
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Engelhardt
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Stolz
authors.forename: B S
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Kuehne
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Laske
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Schaefer
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Traupe
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kaps
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000328:Adult; D015703:Antigens, CD; D000943:Antigens, Differentiation; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules / Q000097:blood* / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D017493:Leukocyte Common Antigens / Q000097:blood* / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid*; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020529:Multiple Sclerosis, Relapsing-Remitting / Q000097:blood* / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid* / Q000276:immunology / Q000503:physiopathology; D012008:Recurrence
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD; D000943:Antigens, Differentiation; D015415:Biomarkers; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules; C483616:ICAM3 protein, human; D017493:Leukocyte Common Antigens