title: A prospective study on radical and nerve-preserving surgery for rectal cancer in the Netherlands.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Preservation of the pelvic autonomic nerves is thought to lower bladder and sexual dysfunction after rectal cancer surgery. A prospective study was undertaken in a Dutch population to evaluate functional outcome, local recurrence and survival of a Japanese operative technique combining nerve preservation with radical tumour resection.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-seven patients were operated upon by a Japanese surgeon. Voiding and sexual function were prospectively analysed using questionnaires. Two-year follow-up on urinary function was complete in 73%, and 2-year follow-up of male sexual function was complete in 77%. Median follow-up for survival and recurrence was 42 months and was complete in all patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Five patients (19%) developed minor urinary incontinence in the period between 1 and 2 years of follow-up. Six patients (22%) had a persistently elevated frequency of voiding. There was no statistically significant correlation between the extent of nerve preservation and the reported minor voiding dysfunctions. None of the patients reported major incontinence of urine. Impotence was related to sacrifice of the inferior hypogastric plexus and ejaculatory dysfunction was related to sacrifice of the superior hypogastric plexus. Sexual function did not change during follow-up. Of 42 curatively-operated patients, three (7.1%) developed local recurrence. Sixty-seven per cent were overall free of recurrence. Disease-free survival was 57%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Preservation of the pelvic autonomic nerves minimizes bladder dysfunction after rectal cancer surgery. The preservation of the total autonomic nerve system is essential for normal sexual function in male patients. Nerve preservation does not compromise radicality in mesorectal excision. Mesorectal excision should involve identification and preservation of the pelvic autonomic nerves.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: C P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Maas
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Moriya
authors.forename: W H
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Steup
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Klein Kranenbarg
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: van de Velde
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D017776:Autonomic Pathways / Q000601:surgery; D013505:Digestive System Surgical Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D007172:Erectile Dysfunction / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; D009426:Netherlands; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012004:Rectal Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D016019:Survival Analysis; D014549:Urinary Incontinence / Q000209:etiology