title: Retinoic acid receptor status in mouse spleen during a primary immune response against beta-galactosidase.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Evaluation of the dynamics of all-trans retinoic acid receptor binding properties in mouse spleen nuclear extracts during a primary immune response against beta-galactosidase.
  
  
  METHODS
  Female BALB/c mice, aged between 5 and 6 weeks were immunized intradermally into the shaved back (4 spots each) with 100 microg beta-galactosidase in 100 microl sterile phosphate buffered saline (pH 7.2) and blood was taken by tail bleeding on days 0 (preimmune serum), 4 and 6. Production of antibody in serum and the detection of cytokines (IL-4, IFN-gamma) from proliferation supernatants were determined by ELISA. Antigen-specific proliferation assay of isolated spleen cells was based on [3H]-thymidine incorporation measured in a liquid scintillation counter. Both, the maximal binding capacity (Bmax) and the affinity (Ka) of all-trans retinoic acid nuclear receptors (RAR) were evaluated according to Brtko (1994).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Injection of beta-galactosidase induced the first detectable antibody responses on day 4 (IgM) and on day 6 (IgG). These points of time, reflecting the early and the mature immune response served to measure the antigen-specific proliferation and production of IL-4 and IFN-gamma in the supernatants of the proliferation cultures as well as all-trans retinoic acid receptor (RAR) binding characteristics in spleen nuclear proteins. The RAR Bmax was significantly (P<0.05) decreased only at the time of the first specific IgG antibody production.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The data obtained indicate the involvement of RAR in the late phase of an in vivo immune response.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 833 06 Bratislava, Slovakia. ueenbrtk@savba.savba.sk
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Brtko
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hartl
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Weiss
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Scheiblhofer
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mostboeck
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Thalhamer
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000917:Antibody Formation; D000941:Antigens / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D002455:Cell Division; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D007111:Immunity, Cellular; D007114:Immunization; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000096:biosynthesis; D007075:Immunoglobulin M / Q000096:biosynthesis; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000096:biosynthesis; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D018168:Receptors, Retinoic Acid / Q000378:metabolism*; D013154:Spleen / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D014212:Tretinoin / Q000378:metabolism; D001616:beta-Galactosidase / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D000941:Antigens; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D007075:Immunoglobulin M; D018168:Receptors, Retinoic Acid; D015847:Interleukin-4; D014212:Tretinoin; D007371:Interferon-gamma; D001616:beta-Galactosidase