title: Combinatorial effect of T-cell receptor ligation and CD45 isoform expression on the signaling contribution of the small GTPases Ras and Rap1.
abstract: By using ligands with various affinities for the T-cell receptor (TCR) and by altering the contribution of the CD45 tyrosine phosphatase, the effects of the potency of TCR-induced signals on the function of small GTPases Ras and Rap1 were studied. T cells expressing low-molecular-weight CD45 isoforms (e.g., CD45RO) exhibited the strongest activation of the Ras-dependent Elk-1 transcription factor and the highest sensitivity to the inhibitory action of dominant negative mutant Ras compared to T cells expressing high-molecular-weight CD45 isoforms (ABC). Moreover, stimulation of CD45RO(+), but not CD45ABC(+), T cells with a high-affinity TCR ligand induced suboptimal Elk-1 activation compared with the stimulation induced by an intermediate-affinity TCR-ligand interaction. This observation suggested that the Ras-dependent signaling pathway is safeguarded in CD45RO(+) expressors by a negative regulatory mechanism(s) which prohibits maximal activation of the Ras-dependent signaling events following high-avidity TCR-ligand engagement. Interestingly, the biochemical activity of another small GTPase, the Ras-like protein Rap1, which has been implicated in the functional suppression of Ras signaling, was inversely correlated with the extent of Elk-1 activation induced by different-affinity TCR ligands. Consistently, overexpression of putative Rap dominant negative mutant RapN17 or the physiologic inhibitor of Rap1, the Rap GTPase-activating protein RapGAP, augmented the Elk-1 response in CD45RO(+) T cells. This is in contrast to the suppressive effect of RapN17 and RapGAP on CD45ABC(+) T cells, underscoring the possibility that Rap1 can act as either a repressor or a potentiator of Ras effector signals, depending on CD45 isoform expression. These observations suggest that cells expressing distinct isoforms of CD45 employ different signal transduction schemes to optimize Ras-mediated signal transduction in activated T lymphocytes.
authors.affiliation: Section of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510, USA.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Czyzyk
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Leitenberg
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Bottomly
mesh_terms: D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D017493:Leukocyte Common Antigens / Q000378:metabolism*; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation; D008954:Models, Biological; D020033:Protein Isoforms; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D020239:Receptor Cross-Talk; D011948:Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D014157:Transcription Factors; D015533:Transcriptional Activation; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D050807:ets-Domain Protein Elk-1; D020827:rap1 GTP-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D018631:ras Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D020033:Protein Isoforms; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D011948:Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell; D014157:Transcription Factors; D050807:ets-Domain Protein Elk-1; D017493:Leukocyte Common Antigens; D020827:rap1 GTP-Binding Proteins; D018631:ras Proteins