Polarization of the anterior-posterior axis of C. elegans is a microtubule-directed process.
In Caenorhabditis elegans, polarity along the anterior-posterior (A/P) axis is established shortly after fertilization and is determined by the sperm, whose position specifies the posterior end of the embryo'. Although many factors required for the establishment of A/P polarity have been described, the nature of the spatial cue provided by the sperm remains unknown. Here we show that a microtubule-organizing centre is necessary and sufficient to establish several aspects of A/P polarity. In wildtype embryos, appearance of the first molecular asymmetries along the A/P axis correlates with and requires nucleation of microtubules by the sperm-derived centrosomes (sperm asters). In mutant embryos arrested in meiosis, sperm asters fail to form, and posterior is defined by the position of the persistent meiotic spindle rather than by the position of the sperm. Together, our data indicate that the primary spatial cue for A/P polarity in C. elegans derives from microtubules emanating from the sperm asters. Our findings support a parallel between C. elegans zygotes and other cells, such as Drosophila oocytes, which rely on microtubules to regulate polarity.
Wallenfang
M R
MR
Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA.
Seydoux
G
G
D000818:Animals; D017173:Caenorhabditis elegans / Q000166:cytology*; D029742:Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins; D016764:Cell Polarity; D004625:Embryo, Nonmammalian / Q000166:cytology; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D008540:Meiosis; D008870:Microtubules / Q000502:physiology*; D009154:Mutation; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D013084:Sperm-Ovum Interactions; D013094:Spermatozoa / Q000502:physiology; D008941:Spindle Apparatus / Q000502:physiology
D029742:Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; C100950:pie-1 protein, C elegans; C409406:PAR-1 protein, C elegans; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases