title: Regional cerebral metabolism associated with anxiety symptoms in affective disorder patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We studied the relationship between regional cerebral metabolism and the severity of anxiety in mood disorder patients, controlling for depression severity.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-two medication-free patients with unipolar or bipolar illness underwent positron emission tomography with [(18)F]-fluorodeoxyglucose. Hamilton Depression Rating Scale and Spielberger Anxiety-State Scale scores were obtained for the week of the scan. Analyses were performed on globally normalized images and were corrected for multiple comparisons.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After covarying for depression scores, age, and gender, Spielberger Anxiety-State Scale scores correlated directly with regional cerebral metabolism in the right parahippocampal and left anterior cingulate regions, and inversely with metabolism in the cerebellum, left fusiform, left superior temporal, left angular gyrus, and left insula. In contrast, covarying for anxiety scores, age, and gender, Hamilton Depression Rating Scale scores correlated directly with regional cerebral metabolism in the bilateral medial frontal, right anterior cingulate, and right dorsolateral prefrontal cortices.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Comorbid anxiety symptoms are associated with specific cerebral metabolic correlates that partially overlap with those in the primary anxiety disorders and differ from those associated with depression severity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
authors.forename: E A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Osuch
authors.forename: T A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Ketter
authors.forename: T A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Kimbrell
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: George
authors.forename: B E
authors.initials: BE
authors.lastname: Benson
authors.forename: M W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Willis
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Herscovitch
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Post
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001007:Anxiety / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000523:psychology; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism / Q000523:psychology; D001923:Brain Chemistry / Q000502:physiology*; D015897:Comorbidity; D005260:Female; D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019964:Mood Disorders / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000523:psychology; D017397:Prefrontal Cortex / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D013702:Temporal Lobe / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism; D014055:Tomography, Emission-Computed
chemical_list: D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18