title: Chromium-induced glucose uptake, superoxide anion production, and phagocytosis in cultured pulmonary alveolar macrophages of weanling pigs.
abstract: The dose-dependent effects of chromium chloride (CrCl3) and chromium picolinate (CrPic) were evaluated for their glucose uptake, superoxide anion (O2-) production, activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, and phagocytosis of incubated pulmonary alveolar macrophages in medium containing no or 5 x 10(-8)M insulin. Glucose uptake was found to increase in cells treated with 20 microg/L CrCl3. Incubation with 20 microg/L of CrPic enhanced glucose uptake and O2- production in an insulin-dependent manner. However, the inclusion of CrPic to 100 microg/L in the medium absent of insulin also increased O2- production. The activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase was not affected by either the addition of Cr or insulin. The phagocytosis of Escherichia coli by macrophages was enhanced significantly (p < 0.05) in medium containing 10-100 microg/L CrCl3 or 20-100 microg/L CrPic in the presence of insulin. These results suggest that the addition of 10-20 microg/L CrCl3 enhances directly the cellular activity of macrophages, whereas the effect of CrPic requires the cooperative action of insulin in enhancing their glucose uptake and phagocytosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science, National I-Lan Institute of Technology, Taiwan, Republic of China.
authors.forename: D N
authors.initials: DN
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: H T
authors.initials: HT
authors.lastname: Yen
authors.forename: T F
authors.initials: TF
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.forename: B J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002857:Chromium / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D005954:Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase / Q000378:metabolism; D007328:Insulin / Q000494:pharmacology; D016676:Macrophages, Alveolar / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D010587:Phagocytosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D013481:Superoxides / Q000378:metabolism*; D013552:Swine
chemical_list: D007328:Insulin; D002857:Chromium; D013481:Superoxides; D005954:Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase; D005947:Glucose