title: In vitro and in vivo effects of an immunomodulator composed of Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide and Propionibacterium granulosum-inactivated cells in pigs.
abstract: The in vitro cytokine profiles of porcine alveolar macrophages and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were examined by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay after stimulation with the immunomodulatory compound INMD [lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and Propionibacterium granulosum]. Expression of interleukin-1 (IL-1), IL-6, IL-12 and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), but not of IL-10, was detected in INMD-stimulated alveolar macrophages. Stimulated PBMC expressed IL-1, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10 and IL-12 and secreted interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma). In all cases, the level of response was lower with INMD than with E. coli LPS alone, except for IFN-gamma, which was secreted in higher levels in INMD-stimulated cells. In a second experiment, the ex vivo effect of the administration of INMD was evaluated using the product as a coadjuvant of a live attenuated Aujeszky's disease virus (ADV) vaccine. For this purpose, 85 8-10-week-old crossbred pigs were assigned to two groups (group A = 43 and group B = 42) and vaccinated with ADV. Group B received, simultaneously with the first dose of vaccine, an intramuscular dose of INMD equivalent to 20 micrograms/ml LPS and 250 micrograms/ml P. granulosum, while group A was given sterile saline solution as a placebo. At the time of vaccination, 97.6% (42 of 43) and 95.2% (40 of 42) of animals of groups A and B, respectively, had anti-gB maternal antibodies. Of those animals, anti-gE ADV antibodies were detected in 11.6% of animals of group A (five of 43) and 19% of group B (eight of 42). All animals were boosted with ADV vaccine alone 4 weeks later. Pigs to which INMD was administered together with the vaccine showed higher primary humoral responses than the vaccine-alone animals (P < 0.005). However, after boosting significant differences disappeared (P > 0.05).
authors.affiliation: Unitat de Patologia Infecciosa, Facultat de Veterinaria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain.
authors.forename: G J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Pappaterra Mendoza
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Mateu de Antonio
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Novell Badal
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Martín Castillo
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Casal Fàbrega
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Marca Puig
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000302:isolation & purification; D017931:DNA Primers; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay / Q000662:veterinary; D004926:Escherichia coli; D011558:Herpesvirus 1, Suid; D007378:Interleukins / Q000378:metabolism; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology*; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000276:immunology / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016676:Macrophages, Alveolar / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology*; D011424:Propionibacterium / Q000276:immunology; D011557:Pseudorabies / Q000276:immunology*; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000662:veterinary; D013552:Swine; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism; D014765:Viral Vaccines
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D017931:DNA Primers; D007378:Interleukins; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D014765:Viral Vaccines