title: Bioavailability and efficiency of rutin as an antioxidant: a human supplementation study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the potential antioxidant effect of rutin (quercetin-3-O-beta-rutinoside) supplementation.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 6-week randomized single-blind placebo controlled trial was conducted; 500 mg rutin supplement was compared to an equivalent amount of glucose placebo. In addition, a pharmacokinetic study was carried out.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Rowett Research Institute, Aberdeen, UK.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighteen healthy non-obese normocholesterolaemic female volunteers in the age range 18-48 y.
  
  
  METHODS
  Plasma flavonoids, ascorbic acid, tocopherols and carotenoids, plasma antioxidant capacity, lymphocyte DNA damage, blood chemistry and haematology, liver function tests, urinary malondialdehyde, 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine and 8-iso-prostaglandin F2alpha.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eighteen volunteers completed the trial. Rutin supplementation did not induce any adverse changes in blood chemistry or indices of liver function. Plasma flavonoids were significantly elevated in the rutin-supplemented group. Endogenous oxidation of pyrimidines was significantly decreased in both rutin- and placebo-treated volunteers. There was no significant change in the level of urinary 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine or urinary malondialdehyde in either group. A linear correlation was observed between urinary malondialdehyde and urinary 8-iso-prostaglandin F2alpha (R = 0.54, P<0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Six weeks' rutin supplementation significantly elevated the levels of three plasma flavonoids (quercetin. kaempferol and isorhamnetin) but there was no significant change in plasma antioxidant status. The decrease in the level of endogenous base oxidation in lymphocyte DNA seen in both the placebo- and rutin-supplemented subjects may reflect seasonal changes in other dietary antioxidants.
authors.affiliation: Rowett Research Institute, Bucksburn, Aberdeen, Scotland. S.boyle@rgu.ac.uk
authors.forename: S P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Boyle
authors.forename: V L
authors.initials: VL
authors.lastname: Dobson
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Duthie
authors.forename: D C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Hinselwood
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Kyle
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Collins
mesh_terms: D000042:Absorption; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D001682:Biological Availability; D004249:DNA Damage; D005260:Female; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000097:blood* / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008099:Liver / Q000502:physiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D009752:Nutritional Status; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D019800:Phenol / Q000097:blood; D012431:Rutin / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D012621:Seasons; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D005419:Flavonoids; D019800:Phenol; D012431:Rutin