title: Decreased plasma levels of nitric oxide derivatives in obstructive sleep apnoea: response to CPAP therapy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Reduced endothelium dependent vasodilation has been reported in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) but direct measurements of the most potent naturally occurring vasodilator, nitric oxide (NO) or its derivatives (nitrate and nitrite, NO(x)), have not yet been performed in these patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 21 patients with OSA of mean (SE) age 54 (2) years, body mass index (BMI) 30.9 (1.1) kg/m(2), and apnoea-hypopnoea index (AHI) 37 (4)/h, NO(x) levels were measured in peripheral venous blood samples by chemiluminescence. Blood samples were obtained before and after two nights of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) and after 5.5 (1.5) months of follow up. Thirteen age matched, healthy volunteers and 18 patients without OSA but with a similar spectrum of comorbidity served as controls (control groups 1 and 2).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Before CPAP NO(x) levels were 21.7 (1.5) microM in patients with OSA compared with 42.6 (2.2) microM and 36.7 (1.7) microM in control groups 1 and 2, respectively (p<0.01 for each comparison). NO(x) concentrations increased to 32.1 (2.7) microM after two nights of CPAP and remained constant at 32.9 (2.3) microM at follow up (p<0.01 compared with levels before CPAP).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Plasma NO(x) levels are reduced in OSA and can be increased by short and long term CPAP therapy. Although the precise mechanism underlying this observation remains to be clarified, it may have important implications for the development of cardiovascular disease in patients with OSA and for the life saving effect of CPAP.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Justus-Liebig University, 35392 Giebetaen, Germany.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Schulz
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Schmidt
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Blum
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Lopes-Ribeiro
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lücke
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mayer
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Olschewski
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Seeger
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Grimminger
mesh_terms: D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009566:Nitrates / Q000097:blood; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000097:blood*; D009573:Nitrites / Q000097:blood; D017286:Polysomnography; D011175:Positive-Pressure Respiration; D012891:Sleep Apnea Syndromes / Q000097:blood* / Q000628:therapy
chemical_list: D009566:Nitrates; D009573:Nitrites; D009569:Nitric Oxide