title: Risk factors for the HIV-associated lipodystrophy syndrome in a cross-sectional single-centre study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Risk factors for the HIV-associated lipodystrophy syndrome (HALS) were studied in a single-centre, cross-sectional study. -
  
  
  METHODS
  278 consecutive HIV-infected outpatients at a German tertiary care centre were enrolled. Changes in body shape were quantified using linear analogue scales. Cumulative treatment duration for each antiretroviral drug, CD4 cells, viral load and age were investigated as potential risk factors for a clinical diagnosis of lipodystrophy syndrome by logistic regression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  HALS was diagnosed in 88 patients. The risk of HALS increased significantly with longer protease inhibitor treatment (relative risk 1.61 (95% confidence interval, 1. 24 to 2.09, per year); older age and a history of low CD4 cell counts were cofactors in this multivariate model, but nucleoside analogues did not contribute significantly. Neither pattern nor severity of disease were predicted by these risk factors. Treatment durations and other risk factors were highly correlated with each other.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings support a pathogenetic role for protease inhibitor toxicity, advanced HIV disease, and ageing. No evidence for an additional effect of nucleoside analogues was found. The high correlation of potential risk factors indicates that this and other available studies may be too small to detect multiple risk factors without major confounding.
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Diseases, St. George s Hospital Medical School, Cranmer Terrace, London SW17 0RE, UK. a.schwenk@sghms.ac.uk
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Schwenk
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Breuer
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kremer
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Römer
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Bethe
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Franzen
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Fätkenheuer
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Salzberger
mesh_terms: D000163:Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology*; D000328:Adult; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000009:adverse effects; D000075202:Contraindications; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008060:Lipodystrophy / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000821:virology*; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011480:Protease Inhibitors / Q000009:adverse effects; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents; D011480:Protease Inhibitors