title: Excess portal venous long-chain fatty acids induce syndrome X via HPA axis and sympathetic activation.
abstract: We tested the hypothesis that excessive portal venous supply of long-chain fatty acids to the liver contributes to the development of insulin resistance via activation of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA axis) and sympathetic system. Rats received an intraportal infusion of the long-chain fatty acid oleate (150 nmol/min, 24 h), the medium-chain fatty acid caprylate, or the solvent. Corticosterone (Cort) and norepinephrine (NE) were measured as indexes for HPA axis and sympathetic activity, respectively. Insulin sensitivity was assessed by means of an intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT). Oleate infusion induced increases in plasma Cort (Delta = 13.5 +/- 3.6 microg/dl; P < 0.05) and NE (Delta = 235 +/- 76 ng/l; P < 0.05), whereas caprylate and solvent had no effect. The area under the insulin response curve to the IVGTT was larger in the oleate-treated group than in the caprylate and solvent groups (area = 220 +/- 35 vs. 112 +/- 13 and 106 +/- 8, respectively, P < 0.05). The area under the glucose response curves was comparable [area = 121 +/- 13 (oleate) vs. 135 +/- 20 (caprylate) and 96 +/- 11 (solvent)]. The results are consistent with the concept that increased portal free fatty acid is involved in the induction of visceral obesity-related insulin resistance via activation of the HPA axis and sympathetic system.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Physiology, University of Groningen, NL-9700AB Groningen, The Netherlands. BerB@novo.dk
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Benthem
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Keizer
authors.forename: C H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Wiegman
authors.lastname: de Boer SF
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Strubbe
authors.forename: A B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Steffens
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Kuipers
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Scheurink
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D002210:Caprylates / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D003345:Corticosterone / Q000097:blood; D004837:Epinephrine / Q000097:blood; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology; D007030:Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D007333:Insulin Resistance / Q000502:physiology; D008099:Liver / Q000098:blood supply / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D017566:Microvascular Angina / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000378:metabolism*; D009638:Norepinephrine / Q000097:blood; D009765:Obesity / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000378:metabolism; D019301:Oleic Acid / Q000097:blood* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D010913:Pituitary-Adrenal System / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D011169:Portal Vein / Q000502:physiology; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013564:Sympathetic Nervous System / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D002210:Caprylates; D014280:Triglycerides; D019301:Oleic Acid; D003345:Corticosterone; D009638:Norepinephrine; D004837:Epinephrine