title: Hypoalbuminemia as a risk factor for progressive left-ventricular hypertrophy in hemodialysis patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study was performed to evaluate the changes in left-ventricular (LV) mass in the patients starting maintenance hemodialysis and the risk factors for the progression of LVH.
  
  
  METHODS
  From June 1994 to February 1997, baseline echocardiography was obtained within six months after the initiation of hemodialysis in 111 patients with end-stage renal disease. Of the patients who had LVH on baseline echocardiography, 32 patients underwent follow-up echocardiography after 15 months (range: 9-24 months). LVH was defined as a left-ventricular mass index (LVMI) greater than 131 g/m(2) in males and 100 g/m(2) in females. Progressive LVH was defined as a follow-up LVMI greater than 105% of the baseline value. Hemoglobin, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, cholesterol, albumin, prealbumin, parathyroid hormone, Kt/V, nPCR, fibrinogen, homocysteine and ACE gene polymorphism were also measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  LVH was detected in 91 of 111 (82%) ESRD patients starting maintenance hemodialysis. Of the 32 patients in whom follow-up echocardiography was performed, progressive LVH occurred in 19 patients (M:F = 12:7). Progressive LVH was associated with lower diastolic blood pressure (81 +/- 11 vs. 90 +/- 12 mm Hg, p = 0.036) and lower serum albumin (3.5 +/- 0.4 vs. 3.9 +/- 0.4 g/dl, p = 0. 009). Serum albumin was negatively (r = -0.420, p = 0.017) correlated to Delta LVMI (follow-up LVMI minus baseline LVMI). Hypoalbuminemia was an independent risk factor for progressive LVH in multiple logistic regression analysis (R.R. = 1.29, p = 0.046). The association of progressive LVH with age, gender, diabetes mellitus, smoking history or other laboratory parameters was not significant.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  LVH was highly prevalent in the patients starting maintenance hemodialysis for ESRD. In the follow-up echocardiography, LVH progressed in a substantial portion of the patients, and hypoalbuminemia was a risk factor for progressive LVH.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: K H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Moon
authors.forename: I S
authors.initials: IS
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: W S
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Y T
authors.initials: YT
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.forename: S B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: J K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Park
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D018450:Disease Progression; D004452:Echocardiography; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D017379:Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D007723:Korea; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D006435:Renal Dialysis; D012307:Risk Factors; D012709:Serum Albumin / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D012709:Serum Albumin