title: Effect of resistance training on muscle fatigue and recovery in intact rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the effect of resistance training on muscle fatigue from intermittent contractions and subsequent recovery in intact rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  By using electrical stimulation, plantar flexor muscles were trained with eccentric and concentric contractions (5 x 10 repetitions, 5 d x wk(-1) for 6 wk) during ankle rotations. By using nerve stimulation, concentric contractions (40) imposed on isometric contractions (stimulation time, 1.9 s; rest period, 13.6 s; intermittent contractions) induced fatigue. During recovery, equivalent contractions were used every 5 min for 30 min.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Training increased isometric forces (19% and 23% at ankle positions of 1.57 and 0.70 rad), but muscle weights were not changed. After training, smaller declines in isometric (control, 68.9+/-1.4%; trained, 58.8+/-2.9%) and average concentric force (control, 71.6+/-0.7%; trained, 65.5+/-2.8%) occurred from fatigue. Recovery for 5 min returned isometric and average concentric force to 61.7+/-2.2% and 65.1+/-2.5% of initial values for controls and 76.9+/-2.2% and 77.1+/-2.2% after training. After recovery for 30 min, these forces were 87.6+/-0.7% and 89.2+/-1.1% of initial values for controls and recovered almost completely (94.2+/-1.3% and 94.6+/-1.6%) in trained muscles. During fatigue, the decline in force during successive concentric contractions was larger after training (from 19.7+/-1.1% to 50.1+/-2.0%; controls, from 19.9+/-2.0% to 41.7+/-1.4%). Recovery of this decline in force was training-independent and complete within 5 min.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Rat plantar flexor muscles adapt to 6 wk of 5 d x wk(-1) resistance training with: 1) increased isometric force, 2) smaller losses in isometric and average concentric force during fatigue, 3) larger force decline during concentric contractions during fatigue, and 4) improved recovery following fatigue. Different mechanisms might account for the recovery of the average concentric force and the decline in force during concentric contractions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, West Virginia University, Morgantown 26506-9229, USA.
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Willems
authors.forename: W T
authors.initials: WT
authors.lastname: Stauber
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005260:Female; D007537:Isometric Contraction / Q000502:physiology; D018763:Muscle Fatigue / Q000502:physiology*; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000502:physiology; D010805:Physical Conditioning, Animal / Q000502:physiology*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley