title: [Neuroendocrine activation in heart failure I. Pathophysiology and pharmacological intervention].
abstract: The important neuroendocrine systems implicated in heart failure are reviewed here, with special emphasis on their possible role in pathophysiology and the chances of pharmacological intervention. The part played by the sympathetic nervous system and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and the beneficial effects of beta-blockers, ACE inhibitors, and angiotensin II antagonists are well-established. The involvement of vasopressin, endothelin-1, ANP, BNP, and TNF-alpha and the interventional possibilities relating to these hormones are also discussed. It is concluded that, in addition to the known interventional principles of neuroendocrine activation, there is a series of new exciting principles and some of them might become important in the future.
authors.affiliation: Københavns Universitet, Panum Instituttet. kjaer@mfi.ku.dk
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kjaer
mesh_terms: D009320:Atrial Natriuretic Factor / Q000378:metabolism; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D019332:Endothelin-1 / Q000378:metabolism; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D017466:Receptors, Endothelin / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D017483:Receptors, Vasopressin / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D012084:Renin-Angiotensin System / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D013564:Sympathetic Nervous System / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D019332:Endothelin-1; D017466:Receptors, Endothelin; D017483:Receptors, Vasopressin; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D009320:Atrial Natriuretic Factor