title: Field efficacy of four insect repellent products against vector mosquitoes in a tropical environment.
abstract: Four insect repellent products (RPs) (RP 1, Experimental Repellent Lotion [Bayrepel 12%]; RP 2, Experimental Repellent Cream [Bayrepel 5%]; RP 3, Off! Insect Repellent II Aerosol [deet 15%]; and RP 4, Off! Skintastic II Cream [deet 7.5%]) were evaluated simultaneously for their efficacy against vector and nuisance mosquitoes. The aim of this study was to compare the relative efficacy of RPs based on a new repellent compound, Bayrepel (1-piperidinecarboxylic acid, 2-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-methylpropylester), with deet (N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide)-based RPs. An 8-h field efficacy of above repellents was evaluated against the day-biting mosquito (Aedes albopictus) and night-biting mosquitoes (Culex quinquefasciatus and Anopheles spp.). Evaluation was carried out by exposing humans with repellent-treated bare limbs to mosquitoes landing and to mosquitoes landing and biting. Repellent product 1 or 2 was applied on the left arm and leg, whereas RP 3 or 4 was applied on the right arm and leg, respectively. Application of these 4 RPs significantly reduced (P < 0.05) the landing and the landing and biting of day-biting and night-biting mosquitoes. All 4 RPs were found to be equally effective (P < 0.05) against Ae. albopictus and Cx. quinquefasciatus. However, for protection against Anopheles spp., RPs 1 and 3 exhibited significantly (P < 0.05) better repellency effect than RPs 2 and 4.
authors.affiliation: Vector Control Research Unit, School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang.
authors.forename: H H
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Yap
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Jahangir
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zairi
mesh_terms: D000330:Aedes; D000818:Animals; D000852:Anopheles; D003465:Culex; D009033:Culicidae; D003671:DEET; D006801:Humans; D007302:Insect Repellents; D008296:Malaysia; D010880:Piperidines; D014329:Tropical Climate
chemical_list: D007302:Insect Repellents; D010880:Piperidines; D003671:DEET; C483506:picaridin