title: Polyphenolic composition of raisins.
abstract: The polyphenolics of raisins were extracted, separated by HPLC, and characterized by their UV-vis spectra, and their concentrations measured. Color measurements and browning indices were also determined. Samples (n = 20) included sun-dried, dipped, and golden raisins. Comparisons were also made with fresh and frozen Thompson Seedless grapes. Golden raisins (which are treated with SO(2)) had the highest amount of hydroxycinnamic acids and the highest lightness values. In comparison with fresh grapes, percent losses of the two major hydroxycinnamics (caftaric and coutaric acids) in sun-dried, dipped, and golden raisins were on the order of 90%. Flavonols were not influenced by processing as much as hydroxycinnamics, while procyanidins and flavan-3-ols were completely degraded in all raisin samples. Formation of hydroxymethylfurfural and loss of amino acids in sun-dried and dipped raisins are ascribed to Maillard browning reactions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Karadeniz
authors.forename: R W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Durst
authors.forename: R E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Wrolstad
mesh_terms: D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods; D005419:Flavonoids; D005519:Food Preservation; D005628:Frozen Foods / Q000032:analysis; D015394:Molecular Structure; D010636:Phenols / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D011108:Polymers / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D059808:Polyphenols; D019685:Rosales / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D005419:Flavonoids; D010636:Phenols; D011108:Polymers; D059808:Polyphenols