title: Articular cartilage nutrition is mediated by subchondral bone: a long-term autograft study in baboons.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the relative importance of subchondral nutrition in cartilage in autologous transplants and its relation to the development of osteoarthritis (OA).
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was performed in non-human primates with two types of autografts placed orthotopically. One type of autograft was placed into vascularized, viable cancellous bone well, and another in an identical bone well, but coated with methylmethacrylate. The latter prevented direct contact between the autograft and the host bone. Observations were continued for 3 years.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Abrogation of the contact between subchondral bone and articular cartilage-bone autograft had little effect on the cartilage during the first 5-12 months. By 3 years, autografts in the methylmethacrylate wells had non-vascularized and non-viable subchondral bone. The cartilage in these wells underwent degenerative changes compatible with OA.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Interruption of contact between articular cartilage and vascularized subchondral bone resulted in degeneration of the cartilage. The onset and detection of these degenerative changes required long time periods (3 years). Had the experiments been terminated at 1 year or sooner the above described changes would not be apparent.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33101, USA.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Malinin
authors.forename: E A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Ouellette
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001692:Biological Transport / Q000502:physiology; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000098:blood supply / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D002358:Cartilage, Articular / Q000098:blood supply / Q000473:pathology* / Q000637:transplantation; D002450:Cell Communication / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D020370:Osteoarthritis, Knee / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D010215:Papio; D012039:Regional Blood Flow / Q000502:physiology; D013997:Time Factors