title: Minimal-incision endoscopic face-lift.
abstract: Ptosis of the midfacial tissues with resultant deepening of the melolabial folds, vertical lengthening of the lower eyelid, and depression of the oral commissure are generally only slightly improved with traditional superficial musculoaponeurotic system (SMAS) suspension or rhytidectomy techniques. Subperiosteal, deep plane, and composite rhytidectomies have evolved in an attempt to rejuvenate these areas. This article reviews a series of patients who underwent an endoscopic subperiosteal face-lift either as an isolated procedure or in conjunction with an SMAS rhytidectomy. Although all patients showed good initial improvement, patients with thin faces and well-defined facial bone structure maintained the best long-term result. Complications were minimal, with no permanent facial nerve injuries observed. The endoscopic subperiosteal face-lift is a useful technique as an isolated procedure or in conjunction with facial liposuction or SMAS suspension rhytidectomy. Arch Facial Plast Surg. 2000;2:274-278
authors.affiliation: Premier Image Cosmetic and Laser Surgery PA, 4553 N Shallowford Rd, Suite 20-B, Atlanta, GA 30338, USA.
authors.forename: B P
authors.initials: BP
authors.lastname: Maloney
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Schiebelhoffer
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004210:Dissection / Q000379:methods; D004724:Endoscopy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015187:Lipectomy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015361:Rhytidoplasty / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D016896:Treatment Outcome