title: The use of contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging to identify reversible myocardial dysfunction.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Recent studies indicate that magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) after the administration of contrast material can be used to distinguish between reversible and irreversible myocardial ischemic injury regardless of the extent of wall motion or the age of the infarct. We hypothesized that the results of contrast-enhanced MRI can be used to predict whether regions of abnormal ventricular contraction will improve after revascularization in patients with coronary artery disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  Gadolinium-enhanced MRI was performed in 50 patients with ventricular dysfunction before they underwent surgical or percutaneous revascularization. The transmural extent of hyperenhanced regions was postulated to represent the transmural extent of nonviable myocardium. The extent of regional contractility at the same locations was determined by cine MRI before and after revascularization in 41 patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Contrast-enhanced MRI showed hyperenhancement of myocardial tissue in 40 of 50 patients before revascularization. In all patients with hyperenhancement the difference in image intensity between hyperenhanced regions and regions without hyperenhancement was more than 6 SD. Before revascularization, 804 of the 2093 myocardial segments analyzed (38 percent) had abnormal contractility, and 694 segments (33 percent) had some areas of hyperenhancement. In an analysis of all 804 dysfunctional segments, the likelihood of improvement in regional contractility after revascularization decreased progressively as the transmural extent of hyperenhancement before revascularization increased (P<0.001). For instance, contractility increased in 256 of 329 segments (78 percent) with no hyperenhancement before revascularization, but in only 1 of 58 segments with hyperenhancement of more than 75 percent of tissue. The percentage of the left ventricle that was both dysfunctional and not hyperenhanced before revascularization was strongly related to the degree of improvement in the global mean wall-motion score (P<0.001) and the ejection fraction (P<0.001) after revascularization.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Reversible myocardial dysfunction can be identified by contrast-enhanced MRI before coronary revascularization.
authors.affiliation: Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, and Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, IL 60611-3008, USA. r-kim4@northwestern.edu
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rafael
authors.forename: E L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Parker
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Simonetti
authors.forename: F J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Klocke
authors.forename: R O
authors.initials: RO
authors.lastname: Bonow
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Judd
mesh_terms: D003287:Contrast Media; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D005260:Female; D005682:Gadolinium; D019786:Gadolinium DTPA; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000473:pathology; D006571:Heterocyclic Compounds; D006801:Humans; D019028:Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Cine / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009200:Myocardial Contraction; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D009204:Myocardial Revascularization; D009206:Myocardium / Q000473:pathology*; D009942:Organometallic Compounds; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013318:Stroke Volume; D018487:Ventricular Dysfunction, Left / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D006571:Heterocyclic Compounds; D009942:Organometallic Compounds; C062402:gadoteridol; D005682:Gadolinium; D019786:Gadolinium DTPA