title: Pharmacokinetics of orally administered omeprazole in children. International Pediatric Omeprazole Pharmacokinetic Group.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to examine the pharmacokinetics of orally administered omeprazole in children.
  
  
  METHODS
  Plasma concentrations of omeprazole were measured at steady state over a 6-h period after administration of the drug. Patients were a subset of those in a multicenter study to determine the dose, safety, efficacy, and tolerability of omeprazole in the treatment of erosive reflux esophagitis in children. Children were 1-16 yr of age, with erosive esophagitis and pathological acid reflux on 24 h-intraesophageal pH study. The "healing dose" of omeprazole was that at which subsequent intraesophageal pH study normalized. Children remained on this dose for 3 months, and during this period the pharmacokinetics were measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 57 children were enrolled in the overall healing phase of the study. Pharmacokinetic study was optional for subjects and was performed in 25 of the 57 enrolled. The doses of omeprazole required were substantially higher doses per kilogram of body weight than in adults. Values of the pharmacokinetic parameters of omeprazole were generally within the ranges previously reported in adults. However, the plasma levels, area under the plasma concentration versus time curve (AUC), plasma half-life (t(1/2)), and maximal plasma concentration (Cmax), were lower in the younger age group, when the AUC and Cmax were normalized to a dose of 1 mg/kg. Furthermore, within the group as a whole, these values showed a gradation from lowest in the children 1-6 yr of age to higher in the older age groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The pharmacokinetics of omeprazole in children showed a trend toward higher metabolic capacity with decreasing age, being highest at 1-6 yr of age. This may explain the need for higher doses of omeprazole on a per kilogram basis, not only in children overall compared with adults but, in many cases, particularly in younger children.
authors.affiliation: AstraZeneca LP, Wayne, PA 19087-5677, USA.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Andersson
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Hassall
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lundborg
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Shepherd
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Radke
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Marcon
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dalväg
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Behrens
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Koletzko
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Becker
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Drouin
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Göthberg
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000293:Adolescent; D000367:Age Factors; D000897:Anti-Ulcer Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D019540:Area Under Curve; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004942:Esophagitis, Peptic / Q000188:drug therapy*; D005764:Gastroesophageal Reflux / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006207:Half-Life; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D009853:Omeprazole / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D054328:Proton Pump Inhibitors
chemical_list: D000897:Anti-Ulcer Agents; D054328:Proton Pump Inhibitors; D009853:Omeprazole