title: Steady adiabatic state: its thermodynamics, entropy production, energy dissipation, and violation of onsager relations
abstract: A class of statistical systems is considered where different degrees of freedom have well-separated characteristic times, and are described by different temperatures. The stationary state is a nonequilibrium state with a heat flow. A generalized statistical thermodynamics is constructed and a universal variational principle is proposed. Entropy production and energy dissipation occur at a constant rate. To leading order in the small ratio of the characteristic times, there exists a universal relation between them. Onsager relations in the context of heat transfer are also considered. They are always broken, except close to equilibrium.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Amsterdam, Valckenierstraat 65, 1018 XE Amsterdam, The Netherlands and Yerevan Physics Institute, Alikhanian Brothers Street 2, Yerevan 375036, Armenia.
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Allahverdyan
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Nieuwenhuizen