title: Gender differences in clinical outcome after coronary stenting.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of gender differences in the clinical outcome of women and men submitted to coronary stenting at our institution.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Studies regarding gender differences in outcome after invasive coronary interventions have revealed conflicting data regarding risk for complications. Some studies have pointed to female gender as a predictor of mortality and complications after those procedures. To our knowledge no such evaluation has been performed in our country.
  
  
  METHODS
  We reviewed the medical records, cardiac catheterization and procedural data of 205 men and 122 women referred to our section that underwent coronary stenting at the Cardiovascular Center of Puerto Rico and the Caribbean from July 1, 1998 to March 30, 1999. The clinical and procedural characteristics and the immediate procedure-related complications were analyzed. Clinical events during the six-month period after the procedure were evaluated in patients that returned for follow-up to the section. Student's t-test or Mann-Whitney-Wilcoxon, when appropriate, was used to compare continuous data. The chi-square test or Fisher's exact test, was employed to compare categorical data.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The initial procedural success and the frequency of early complications were comparable to those informed in the medical literature and not statistically significant between genders. The only statistically significant gender differences in outcome occurred in men who had higher re-hospitalization and re-intervention rates in the six-month period after the procedure. A lower mean ejection fraction and higher previous history of myocardial infarction and cigarette smoking in this group could have been related to the higher complication rate.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although the sample examined is small, its findings point to the need of a larger prospective study to further explore the possibility that the previously reported differences in outcome in men and women submitted to interventional procedures would have a stronger relation to clinical factors than to the direct effect of gender.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Puerto Rico School of Medicine, San Juan 00936-5067.
authors.forename: E J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Viruet
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Cox
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Pérez
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Rivera
mesh_terms: D006348:Cardiac Surgical Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012737:Sex Factors; D015607:Stents