title: Salivary mucin: a factor in the lower prevalence of gastroesophageal reflux disease in African-Americans?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Organic and inorganic constituents of saliva have been implicated as protective components in the esophagus, and deficiencies in one or more of these factors in different races may be an important element in the prevalence of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). To determine whether there are differences in the concentration of salivary mucins between different racial groups, we measured the concentration of mucous glycoprotein MG1 and mucous glycoprotein MG2 in whole saliva of African-Americans and Caucasians.
  
  
  METHODS
  Whole saliva was collected from 19 African-American (four male, 15 female; mean age 34 yr, range 19-53 yr) and 25 Caucasian (11 male, 14 female; mean age 31 yr, range 20-51 yr) volunteers under masticatory stimulation (1 g Parafilm, 60 strokes/min) between 11:00 AM and 12:00 noon. Total salivary carbohydrate was measured with a periodic acid-Schiff assay and total protein by absorbance at 215 nm. Immunological reagents were employed to quantify MG2 in a combined enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay/enzyme linked lectin assay (ELISA/ELLA) and to quantify MG1 in a capture ELISA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The total carbohydrate, protein, MG1 and MG2 values were 24.4 +/- 11.9, 243.5 +/- 62.7, 21.8 +/- 13.4, and 11.6 +/- 9.5 mg% for African-Americans, and the corresponding values were 23.3 +/- 9.3, 221.7 +/- 39.7, 25.7 +/- 16.2, and 10.9 +/- 8.7 mg% for Caucasians. There was no statistical difference for any of the parameters measured between the two groups. Furthermore, it was shown that no correlation existed between salivary flow rate and the concentration of carbohydrate, protein, or salivary mucins in African-Americans and in Caucasians. These results show that flow rate did not influence the measured values for salivary parameters in the two groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  No differences were found in the concentration of salivary mucins MG1 and MG2 in whole saliva of African-Americans and Caucasians, and it seems unlikely that variations in mucin levels influence the prevalence of GERD in these groups.
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology and Oral Biology, Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Boston University Medical Center, Massachusetts, USA.
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Rayment
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: G D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Offner
authors.forename: F G
authors.initials: FG
authors.lastname: Oppenheim
authors.forename: R F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Troxler
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001741:Black or African American; D044383:Black People; D002940:Circadian Rhythm; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D005764:Gastroesophageal Reflux / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009077:Mucins / Q000032:analysis*; D015995:Prevalence; D012463:Saliva / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D012471:Salivary Proteins and Peptides / Q000032:analysis*; D044465:White People
chemical_list: D009077:Mucins; D012471:Salivary Proteins and Peptides