title: [Contraception in perimenopause].
abstract: Perimenopausal women are still potentially fertile and pregnancy is attended with increased maternal and perinatal mortality. Several contraceptive methods can be used therapeutic for the treatment of climacteric symptoms like menstrual irregularities, flushes and vaginal dryness. Low-dose oral contraceptives (OC) prevent climacteric symptoms and additionally protect from perimenopausal bone loss. However, the individual cardiovascular risk increases with age and is even higher in perimenopausal women using OCs. Therefore for women with cardiovascular risk factors sterilization, barrier methods, progestin-only methods and intrauterine devices (IUD) are the better choice. Prolonged and heavy menses can be treated with the levonorgestrel-releasing IUD or injectable progestogens. If estrogen replacement is necessary, a low-dose treatment with natural estrogens can be combined with barrier methods, the levonorgestrel-releasing IUD and injectable progestogens. The variety of contraceptive options available to perimenopausal women allows individual counseling and thus may enhance compliance.
authors.affiliation: Department für Frauenheilkunde, UniversitätsSpital Zürich. gabriele.merki@fhk.usz.ch
authors.forename: G S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Merki-Feld
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003267:Contraception / Q000379:methods*; D003274:Contraceptive Devices, Female; D003276:Contraceptives, Oral / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007436:Intrauterine Devices, Medicated; D008595:Menorrhagia / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D011247:Pregnancy; D017697:Premenopause / Q000502:physiology*; D011372:Progestins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013246:Sterilization, Tubal / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D003276:Contraceptives, Oral; D011372:Progestins