title: Spontaneous hemorrhage in an intraorbital arteriovenous malformation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To report the clinical findings and management of spontaneous hemorrhage in an unsuspected intraorbital arteriovenous malformation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Interventional case report.
  
  
  METHODS
  Review of clinical findings, radiologic studies, and treatment of the patient.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A 75-year-old woman sought treatment for the rapid onset of severe proptosis. Orbital exploration of a "mass" imaged on computed tomography scan and magnetic resonance imaging resulted in massive intraoperative hemorrhage. Subsequent arteriographic and histopathologic analysis confirmed an underlying orbital arteriovenous malformation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Spontaneous intraorbital hemorrhage from an arteriovenous malformation is extremely rare, but should be considered in the differential diagnosis of rapidly progressive proptosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Moin
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Kersten
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bernardini
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kulwin
authors.forename: P W
authors.initials: PW
authors.lastname: Biddinger
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Ernst
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Khouri
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001165:Arteriovenous Malformations / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005094:Exophthalmos / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology; D015353:Eye Enucleation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D009880:Ophthalmic Artery / Q000002:abnormalities*; D009915:Orbit / Q000098:blood supply*; D019315:Retrobulbar Hemorrhage / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000601:surgery; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D014680:Veins / Q000002:abnormalities; D014792:Visual Acuity