title: Functional evaluation of hydronephrosis by diffusion-weighted MR imaging. Relationship between apparent diffusion coefficient and split glomerular filtration rate.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the relationship between apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values measured by diffusion-weighted MR imaging and split renal function determined by renal scintigraphy in patients with hydronephrosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Diffusion-weighted imaging on a 1.5 T MR unit and renal scintigraphy were performed in 36 patients with hydronephrosis (45 hydronephrotic kidneys, 21 non-hydronephrotic kidneys). ADC values of the individual kidneys were measured by diffusion-weighted MR imaging. Split renal function (glomerular filtration rate (GFR)) was determined by renal scintigraphy using 99mTc-DTPA. The relationship between ADC values and split GFR was examined in 66 kidneys. The hydronephrotic kidneys were further classified into three groups (severe renal dysfunction, GFR <10 ml/min, n=7; moderate renal dysfunction, GFR 10-25 ml/min, n= 10; normal renal function, GFR >25 ml/ min, n=28), and mean values for ADCs were calculated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In hydronephrotic kidneys, there was a moderate positive correlation between ADC values and split GFR (R2=0.56). On the other hand, in nonhydronephrotic kidneys, poor correlation between ADC values and split GFR was observed (R2=0.08). The mean values for ADCs of the dysfunctioning hydronephrotic kidneys (severe renal dysfunction, 1.32 x 10(-3) +/- 0.18 x 10(-3) mm2/s; moderate renal dysfunction, 1.38 x 10(-3) +/- 0.10 x 10(-3) mm2/s) were significantly lower than that of the normal functioning hydronephrotic kidneys (1.63 x 10(-3) +/- 0.12 +/- 10(-3) mm2/s).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results indicated that measurement of ADC values by diffusion-weighted MR imaging has a potential value in the evaluation of the functional status of hydronephrotic kidneys.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Toyama Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Toyama, Japan.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Toyoshima
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Noguchi
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Seto
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shimizu
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Watanabe
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate; D006801:Humans; D006869:Hydronephrosis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011877:Radionuclide Imaging; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D016284:Technetium Tc 99m Pentetate
chemical_list: D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D016284:Technetium Tc 99m Pentetate