title: Sex differences in self-reported and physiological response to oral cocaine and placebo in humans.
abstract: Self-report and physiological data from 27 male and 8 female cocaine-abusing volunteers exposed to cocaine (80 mg/70 kg p.o.) and placebo were examined for sex differences in their responses. Females reported significantly greater baseline ratings on the Pentobarbital-Chlorpromazine-Alcohol Group (PCAG) (sedation) and Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (LSD) (dysphoria) subscales of the Addiction Research Center Inventory-Short Form (ARCI) relative to males. In addition, females reported significantly greater ratings on the Visual Analogs Scales (VAS) Bad Drug Effects and Anxious/Nervous scales relative to males, regardless of drug. Cocaine produced greater increase in systolic blood pressure in males following cocaine, whereas females showed greater increases following placebo. These results suggest that a placebo control is necessary to determine sex differences in response to an active drug.
authors.affiliation: Yale School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, CT, USA.
authors.forename: A K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Singha
authors.forename: E F
authors.initials: EF
authors.lastname: McCance-Katz
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Petrakis
authors.forename: T R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Kosten
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Oliveto
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000328:Adult; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects*; D002746:Chlorpromazine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D003042:Cocaine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D019970:Cocaine-Related Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010424:Pentobarbital / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D012647:Self-Assessment; D012737:Sex Factors
chemical_list: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives; D010424:Pentobarbital; D003042:Cocaine; D002746:Chlorpromazine