Treatment of depression with methylphenidate in patients difficult to wean from mechanical ventilation in the intensive care unit.
BACKGROUND
Mechanical ventilation is often required to support patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) with life-threatening cardiovascular, respiratory, or neuromuscular disorders. Occasionally, difficulties related to weaning patients from this support occur owing to depression. The traditional and newer-generation antidepressant drugs have a relatively long latency of response that interferes with rehabilitation attempts in the ICU. Psychostimulants such as methylphenidate show a rapid onset of antidepressant activity and a benign side effect profile.


METHODS
As consulting psychiatrists in the consultation-liaison service of a university hospital, we treated 7 patients with complex ICU courses presenting prolonged mechanical ventilation and psychomotor retardation associated with markedly depressed mood (DSM-IV criteria) by giving them methylphenidate. Methylphenidate was started on the first day at a dose of 2.5 mg p.o. in the morning and was increased by 2.5 mg each day with twice-a-day dosing in the morning and at noon until the patient responded or showed side effects. A maximum dose of 15 mg/day was not exceeded. Outcome evaluation was performed using the Clinical Global Impressions scale.


RESULTS
Five (71 %) of 7 patients showed marked or moderate improvement in mood and activity within 3 to 4 days, and discontinuation of ventilator support was achieved within 8 to 14 days. Side effects with these 5 patients were not encountered. Of the remaining 2 patients (29%), 1 developed psychomotor agitation and anxiety within 4 days. Another patient showed only minimal improvement with regard to activity.


CONCLUSIONS
Methylphenidate might be a rapidly effective and safe treatment for depression in difficult-to-wean patients hospitalized for life-threatening medical illness in the ICU. Implications for future research for this population of patients warrant formal randomized, prospective, clinical case-control evaluation.
Rothenhäusler
H B
HB
Department of Psychiatry, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Medical School and Klinikum Grosshadern, Munich, Germany. rothenh@kons.med.uni-muenchen.de
Ehrentraut
S
S
von Degenfeld
G
G
Weis
M
M
Tichy
M
M
Kilger
E
E
Stoll
C
C
Schelling
G
G
Kapfhammer
H P
HP
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007362:Intensive Care Units; D008297:Male; D008774:Methylphenidate / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008875:Middle Aged; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012131:Respiratory Insufficiency / Q000628:therapy; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D015300:Ventilator Weaning / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D012122:Ventilators, Mechanical / Q000009:adverse effects*
D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants; D008774:Methylphenidate