title: How well do we care for patients with end stage chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)? A comparison of palliative care and quality of life in COPD and lung cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Patients with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) have a poor quality of life and limited life expectancy. This study examined whether these patients were relatively disadvantaged in terms of medical and social care compared with a group with inoperable lung cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  An open two group comparison was made of 50 patients with severe COPD (forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV(1)) <0.75 l and at least one admission for hypercapnic respiratory failure) and 50 patients with unresectable non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). A multi-method design was used involving standardised quality of life tools, semi-structured interviews, and review of documentation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The patients with COPD had significantly worse activities of daily living and physical, social, and emotional functioning than the patients with NSCLC (p<0.05). The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) scores suggested that 90% of patients with COPD suffered clinically relevant anxiety or depression compared with 52% of patients with NSCLC. Patients were generally satisfied with the medical care received, but only 4% in each group were formally assessed or treated for mental health problems. With regard to social support, the main difference between the groups was that, while 30% of patients with NSCLC received help from specialist palliative care services, none of the patients with COPD had access to a similar system of specialist care. Finally, patients in both groups reported a lack of information from professionals regarding diagnosis, prognosis and social support, although patients' information needs were disparate and often conflicting.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study suggests that patients with end stage COPD have significantly impaired quality of life and emotional well being which may not be as well met as those of patients with lung cancer, nor do they receive holistic care appropriate to their needs.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Health, University of Hull, Hull, East Yorkshire.
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Gore
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Brophy
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Greenstone
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D006305:Health Status Indicators; D006699:Home Care Services / Q000600:supply & distribution; D006801:Humans; D008173:Lung Diseases, Obstructive / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000209:etiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D010166:Palliative Care / Q000592:standards*; D010353:Patient Education as Topic / Q000592:standards; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D011594:Psychometrics; D011787:Quality of Health Care; D011788:Quality of Life; D012656:Self-Help Devices / Q000600:supply & distribution; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires