title: A prospective study of conservatively managed acute urinary retention: prostate size matters.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate in a prospective study the medium- to long-term outcome of a policy of conservatively managing acute urinary retention (AUR), arising solely by bladder outlet obstruction caused by benign prostatic enlargement (BPE), and to identify the factors favouring a positive outcome of a trial without catheter (TWOC).
  
  
  METHODS
  All men admitted as an emergency with primary AUR caused by BPE (from August 1997 to March 2000) underwent a TWOC. The following variables were recorded; the nature and duration of any preceding lower urinary tract symptoms, previous episodes of retention, concomitant anticholinergic medication, coexisting constipation, alcohol as a precipitating cause of AUR, previous prostatectomy, confirmed urinary tract infection, residual urine drained on catheterization and prostate size, as determined by a digital rectal examination (DRE) carried out by one consultant urologist in all patients. Those voiding successfully were followed up prospectively using the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), quality-of-life score, urinary flow rate measurement and ultrasonographic measurement of the postvoid residual (PVR).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 40 men with AUR, 22 (55%) voided spontaneously after removing the catheter and continued to do so with mean peak flow rates of 12.2 mL/s and mean PVRs of 69.6 mL over a follow-up of 8-24 months. These patients remained asymptomatic, with a mean IPSS of 5.2 and quality-of-life score of 0.9. These men had a mean prostatic size of 15.9 g and a mean catheterized residual volume of 814 mL, while in those who had an unsuccessful TWOC the mean prostate size was 27.5 g (P = 0.006) and a mean catheterized residual volume of 1062 mL (P = 0.09). Prostate size as assessed by the DRE was the most significant factor in predicting the outcome of a TWOC.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A TWOC is justified in the long-term for men presenting with AUR caused by BPE. Prostate size is the most important factor for predicting the outcome of such a trial.
authors.affiliation: Michael Heal Department of Urology, Leighton Hospital, Crewe, UK. vkumar3908@hotmail.com
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Marr
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bhuvangiri
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Irwin
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011470:Prostatic Hyperplasia / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D011788:Quality of Life; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D001748:Urinary Bladder Neck Obstruction / Q000150:complications*; D016055:Urinary Retention / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D014554:Urination / Q000502:physiology