title: Dominant late-onset retinal degeneration with regional variation of sub-retinal pigment epithelium deposits, retinal function, and photoreceptor degeneration.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To clarify the pathogenesis of late-onset retinal degeneration (L-ORD), an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by thick deposits of lipid-rich material between the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and Bruch's membrane.
  
  
  METHODS
  Comparative clinicopathologic case report and case series. TISSUES: Eyes of an 82-year-old L-ORD eye donor and an age-matched control.
  
  
  METHODS
  Five descendants of the eye donor and his affected sister.
  
  
  METHODS
  The eyes were processed for histopathologic examination, including electron microscopy and immunohistochemistry. Family members were examined clinically and with retinal function tests.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The L-ORD eye had sub-RPE deposits that were positive for lipid, including esterified and unesterified cholesterol. The deposits were thinnest in the macula, which retained the highest percentage of photoreceptors. In the periphery, RPE thinning and photoreceptor loss correlated with thickness of the sub-RPE deposits. The eye donor was asymptomatic until his late 50s, when he developed problems with adapting to darkness. At age 68, the eye donor had normal acuity but a midperipheral scotoma and subnormal electroretinograms (ERGs); visual loss was progressive. The five descendants (at the time of examination ages 44-58) of the eye donor and his affected sister, who were at 50/50 risk of inheriting L-ORD, had normal ERGs, but four showed defects in dark adaptation. The dark adaptation abnormalities had a distribution similar to the thickness of the sub-RPE deposits in the eye donor, with slow kinetics in the midperiphery and normal kinetics centrally.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The L-ORD donor eye differed from a previous case in the regional distribution of sub-RPE deposits and photoreceptors. In the next generation of this L-ORD family, the first expression of disease, abnormal dark adaptation, mirrored the regional distribution of the deposits in the donor eye. The fine structure and staining characteristics of the sub-RPE deposits in L-ORD resemble those in age-related macular degeneration and Sorsby fundus dystrophy.
authors.affiliation: Scheie Eye Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
authors.forename: A H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Milam
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Curcio
authors.forename: A V
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Cideciyan
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Saxena
authors.forename: S K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: John
authors.forename: H S
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Kruth
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Malek
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Heckenlively
authors.forename: R G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Weleber
authors.forename: S G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Jacobson
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001053:Apolipoproteins / Q000378:metabolism; D016570:Bruch Membrane / Q000473:pathology; D003623:Dark Adaptation; D004596:Electroretinography; D015785:Eye Diseases, Hereditary / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D005372:Filipin / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010375:Pedigree; D020419:Photoreceptor Cells, Vertebrate / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D010857:Pigment Epithelium of Eye / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D012160:Retina / Q000502:physiology*; D012162:Retinal Degeneration / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D014019:Tissue Donors; D014792:Visual Acuity; D014794:Visual Fields
chemical_list: D001053:Apolipoproteins; D005372:Filipin