title: Deferoxamine-induced bone dysplasia in the distal femur and patella of pediatric patients and young adults: MR imaging appearance.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We investigated the MR imaging appearance of deferoxamine-induced bone dysplasia in the distal femur and patella in patients with thalassemia major.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-five patients with homozygous ss-thalassemia major who were undergoing regular transfusions and chelation therapy underwent coronal T1-weighted MR imaging of the femur, including the femoral head and the distal femoral epiphysis. Additional coronal fat-saturated dual-echo and sagittal T1-weighted images of the distal femur and patella were obtained in 11 patients who were suspected of having distal femoral lesions on the basis of the coronal T1-weighted images of the entire femur.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No dysplastic change was detected in the proximal femur on coronal T1-weighted images. In 22 distal femurs of 11 patients, the following abnormalities were detected on MR imaging: blurred physeal-metaphyseal junction (n = 22), distal metaphyseal areas of hyperintensity (n = 21), physeal widening (n = 18), metadiaphyseal lesions (n = 11), epiphyseal lesions (n = 10), and patellar lesions (n = 2). Physeal widening and distal metaphyseal hyperintense areas were all more pronounced peripherally. Of the 21 distal metaphyseal hyperintensities, lateral abnormalities were larger than medial abnormalities in 16. Of the 18 distal femurs in which physeal widening was detected, the lateral widening was more marked than the medial widening in 12. Patients with MR imaging evidence of bone dysplasia have a significantly (p = 0.003) greater height reduction than patients without such evidence of bone dysplasia.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Deferoxamine-induced bone dysplasia in the distal femur and patella is represented by a spectrum of morphologic changes in the epiphysis, physis, metaphysis, and metadiaphysis on MR imaging.
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Organ Imaging, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N. T., Hong Kong.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: W C
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Chu
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Pang
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: K W
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Chik
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001848:Bone Diseases, Developmental / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000473:pathology; D002614:Chelating Agents / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002648:Child; D003676:Deferoxamine / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D005269:Femur / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D010329:Patella / Q000473:pathology*; D017086:beta-Thalassemia / Q000188:drug therapy
chemical_list: D002614:Chelating Agents; D003676:Deferoxamine