title: Analyses of segmental lymph node metastases and intrapulmonary metastases of small lung cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Curativity and indications for limited resection of small peripheral lung cancer remain controversial.
  
  
  METHODS
  Pathologic investigations of segmental lymph node metastases and intrapulmonary metastases in the resected lobe were performed for 94 small peripheral lung cancers (3.0 cm or less in diameter).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Nine patients had segmental lymph node metastases, 1 had intrapulmonary metastases, and 1 had both. Of these 11 patients, 5 had metastases limited to the primary tumor-bearing segments, 2 had metastases in nonprimary tumor-bearing segments, and 4 had metastases in both. Of the 10 patients with segmental lymph node metastases, 7 had metastases in both lobar-hilar and mediastinal lymph nodes, and 3 of 8 with adenocarcinoma had a tumor 2.0 cm or less.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Segmentectomy seems more favorable than wedge resection, but the risk of remnant tumor remains as compared with lobectomy. Evaluation of lobar-hilar or mediastinal lymph nodes is helpful to determine the presence or absence of segmental lymph node metastases. Limited resection can be undertaken with smaller tumors to allow preservation of more lung function while accepting a somewhat enhanced risk of recurrence.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chest Surgery, Fukui Red Cross Hospital, Japan. akiray@mitene.or.jp
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yamanaka
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hirai
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fujimoto
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ohtake
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Konishi
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000473:pathology; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D018287:Carcinoma, Large Cell / Q000473:pathology; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology* / Q000556:secondary* / Q000601:surgery; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged