title: Hyperinsulinaemia in offspring of Type 2 diabetic patients: impaired response of carbohydrate metabolism, but preserved cardiovascular response.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the effects of endogenous insulin on haemodynamics in nine offspring of Type 2 diabetic patients (P), compared with 18 subjects without family history of diabetes (C), all with normal glucose tolerance.
  
  
  METHODS
  All subjects underwent a 180-min oral glucose tolerance test with continuous blood pressure and ECG recording. Low-to-high frequency ratio (LF/HF), an index of the sympatho-vagal balance, was calculated by heart rate spectral analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At baseline, LF/HF correlated with fasting plasma insulin (r = 0.44, P < 0.03) and with insulin/glucose ratio (r = 0.46, P < 0.03). Plasma insulin, basally similar in the two groups, was significantly increased in P (342 +/- 34.2) when compared to C (177.6 +/- 25.2 pmol/l), P < 0.005 from time 30min onward. Blood glucose, also similar at baseline, remained not significantly different in P (5.74 +/- 0.25) vs. C (5.08 +/- 0.27 mmol/l), throughout the study. Diastolic blood pressure significantly decreased in P, but not in C during the first hour of the study. Finally, LF/HF ratio significantly increased in P (2.5 +/- 0.4 vs. C, 1.7 +/- 0.2) during the first hour.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In conclusion, the offspring of Type 2 diabetic patients with normal glucose tolerance display an increased insulin secretion; however, they are not resistant to the haemodynamic effects of insulin, as suggested by the reduction of diastolic blood pressure. This, in turn, may determine a chronic sympathetic activation, which could be involved in the pathogenesis of Type 2 diabetes mellitus.
authors.affiliation: Endocrinology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Italy. tbm@pronet.it
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Frontoni
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pellegrinotti
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bracaglia
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Farrace
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Caselli
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Baroni
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: De Angelis
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Menzinger
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gambardella
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D001794:Blood Pressure; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000235:genetics*; D004562:Electrocardiography; D005260:Female; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D006339:Heart Rate; D006439:Hemodynamics; D006801:Humans; D006946:Hyperinsulinism / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics* / Q000503:physiopathology; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D009679:Nuclear Family; D012016:Reference Values
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D007328:Insulin