title: Expression of platelet-activating factor receptor in human carotid atherosclerotic plaques: relevance to progression of atherosclerosis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Human monocyte-derived macrophages synthesize numerous proinflammatory and prothrombotic substances, including lipid mediators, such as platelet-activating factor (PAF), which may play a major role in the onset and perpetuation of atherosclerotic lesions. In addition, both monocytes and macrophages express PAF receptors (PAF-R). The expression of PAF-R is transcriptionally downregulated by oxidized LDL in in vitro primary cultures of monocyte/macrophages. In this study, we evaluated the expression of PAF-R in human carotid plaque tissue, in foam cells isolated from human carotid plaques, and in primary cultures of umbilical smooth muscle cells (SMCs).
  
  
  RESULTS
  We show that PAF-R was expressed at low levels in foam cells compared with monocyte/macrophages in plaques, as assessed by immunohistochemical staining and in situ hybridization. In addition, low levels of mRNA were also detected by RT-PCR in isolated human carotid foam cells. A prominent finding of our study was the demonstration that contractile SMCs were positive for PAF-R, and its mRNA was extracted from primary cultures of umbilical SMCs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  As macrophages loose their inflammatory phenotype on transformation into foam cells, they may equally loose their capacity of defense against aggression. We postulate that the diminished expression of PAF-R may be deleterious in the context of plaque formation and progression. The observation that arterial SMCs of contractile phenotype express PAF-R opens new avenues concerning the migration of these cells from media to intima and atherosclerotic plaque formation.
authors.affiliation: INSERM U321, Lipoproteins and Atherogenesis, Laboratoire Central d'Anatomie Pathologique, Groupe Hospitalier Piti|-Salp|tri¿re, Paris, France.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Brochériou
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Stengel
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Mattsson-Hultén
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Stankova
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rola-Pleszczynski
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Koskas
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Wiklund
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Le Charpentier
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ninio
mesh_terms: D000943:Antigens, Differentiation / Q000378:metabolism; D001161:Arteriosclerosis / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D002339:Carotid Arteries / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003593:Cytoplasm / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D018450:Disease Progression; D005109:Extracellular Matrix / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D005487:Foam Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D017403:In Situ Hybridization; D008264:Macrophages / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D009000:Monocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D009131:Muscle, Smooth, Vascular / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D010980:Platelet Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; D043562:Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
chemical_list: D000943:Antigens, Differentiation; D010980:Platelet Membrane Glycoproteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; D043562:Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled; C039351:platelet activating factor receptor