title: Cyanoindole derivatives as highly selective dopamine D(4) receptor partial agonists: solid-phase synthesis, binding assays, and functional experiments.
abstract: Traceless linking of diethoxymethyl (DEM)-protected 5- and 6-cyanoindoles and subsequent incorporation of phenylpiperazine derivatives led to the 2- and 3-piperazinylmethyl-substituted cyanoindoles 3a-m. Dopamine receptor binding studies on the final products 3a-m clearly indicated strong and selective recognition of the D(4) subtype which is known as a promising target for the treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders. The most interesting binding properties were observed for the 2-aminomethyl-5-cyanoindoles FAUC 299 (3f) and FAUC 316 (3j) (K(i) = 0.52 and 1.0 nM, respectively) when the fluoro derivative 3j proved extraordinary selectivity over D(1), D(2long), D(2short), and D(3) (>8600). To determine ligand efficacy, mitogenesis experiments were performed indicating partial agonist effects for the test compounds 3f,j (35% and 30%, when compared to the full agonist quinpirole).
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Emil Fischer Center, Friedrich-Alexander University, Schuhstrasse 19, D-91052 Erlangen, Germany.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hübner
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kraxner
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gmeiner
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D002491:Central Nervous System Agents / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D003342:Corpus Striatum / Q000378:metabolism; D006224:Cricetinae; D018491:Dopamine Agonists / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007211:Indoles / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D008024:Ligands; D008934:Mitogens / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D010879:Piperazines / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D011869:Radioligand Assay; D017448:Receptors, Dopamine D2 / Q000378:metabolism*; D050638:Receptors, Dopamine D4; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D013936:Thymidine / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D002491:Central Nervous System Agents; C493599:DRD4 protein, human; D018491:Dopamine Agonists; C416659:FAUC 316; D007211:Indoles; D008024:Ligands; D008934:Mitogens; D010879:Piperazines; D017448:Receptors, Dopamine D2; D050638:Receptors, Dopamine D4; D013936:Thymidine; C416658:FAUC 299