title: The maze III procedure for atrial fibrillation: should the indications be expanded?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We favor the maze III procedure over nonsurgical treatments for atrial fibrillation and have advocated addition of the maze in symptomatic patients with other compelling indications for cardiac surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  Characteristics and perioperative outcomes of our 76 cumulative maze recipients between 1993 to 1998 were reviewed. The original maze III technique was employed without modification.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Isolated maze III was performed in 19 patients (25%) and combined with other procedures in 57 patients (75%), 49 of these involving one or more valves. Patients having combined procedures were taking fewer antiarrhythmics (p < 0.0001), but were older (p < 0.01), more often female (p < 0.05), and more often had chronic atrial fibrillation (p < 0.01) compared with isolated maze III recipients. The mean duration of aortic clamping and cardiopulmonary bypass for isolated maze was 69 +/- 11 and 145 +/- 22 minutes, and for combined valve procedures it was 122 +/- 38 and 205 +/- 47 minutes. There was no operative mortality. Complications occurred in 15 patients (19.7%). At 3 months atrial fibrillation was cured in 73 of 75 patients (97.3%). Sick sinus syndrome required pacemaker implantation in 3 patients (4.0%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The maze III can be performed alone or as a combined procedure with equivalent success, and technical modifications may be unnecessary. A lower threshold for its expanded use in symptomatic patients with atrial fibrillation who require isolated or combined operations is appropriate.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, LDS Hospital, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Millar
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Arcidi
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Alison
mesh_terms: D000889:Anti-Arrhythmia Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001281:Atrial Fibrillation / Q000601:surgery*; D006348:Cardiac Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D002315:Cardiopulmonary Bypass; D002908:Chronic Disease; D001026:Coronary Artery Bypass; D005260:Female; D006351:Heart Valves / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D012804:Sick Sinus Syndrome / Q000628:therapy; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000889:Anti-Arrhythmia Agents