title: Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection is associated with significant mucosal inflammation characterized by increased expression of CCR5, CXCR4, and beta-chemokines.
abstract: Mucosal inflammation is characterized by increased expression of proinflammatory cytokines and chemoattractant chemokines, resulting in infiltration of immunocompetent cells. This study compared the degree of mucosal inflammation in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-infected gut mucosa with that in tissue samples from subjects with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and from healthy seronegative control subjects. Gut mucosal biopsy specimens were immunohistochemically stained and were evaluated by in situ imaging. There was significantly increased expression of HIV-1 coreceptors CCR5 and CXCR4, beta-chemokine RANTES, and macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1alpha and MIP-1beta, as well as increased numbers of T cells in lamina propria of HIV-1-infected patients. The results were similar in patients with IBD and in HIV-1-infected patients, suggesting increased inflammation in the colon of HIV-1-infected patients. To further investigate the effect of inflammation in HIV-1-infected lamina propria, treatments that reduce immune activation in lamina propria must be evaluated.
authors.affiliation: Division of Infectious Diseases F82, Huddinge University Hospital, 141 86 Huddinge, Sweden. jenny.olsson@medhs.ki.se
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Olsson
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Poles
authors.forename: A L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Spetz
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Elliott
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hultin
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Giorgi
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Andersson
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Anton
mesh_terms: D001706:Biopsy; D054405:Chemokine CCL3; D054407:Chemokine CCL4; D018946:Chemokine CCL5 / Q000032:analysis*; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D015497:HIV-1; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D015212:Inflammatory Bowel Diseases / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D018655:Lymphocyte Count; D019402:Macrophage Inflammatory Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D019713:Receptors, CCR5 / Q000032:analysis*; D019718:Receptors, CXCR4 / Q000032:analysis*; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D054405:Chemokine CCL3; D054407:Chemokine CCL4; D018946:Chemokine CCL5; D019402:Macrophage Inflammatory Proteins; D019713:Receptors, CCR5; D019718:Receptors, CXCR4