title: The double auditory meatus--a rare first branchial cleft anomaly: clinical presentation and treatment.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To discuss the embryology, classification, clinical experience with, and management of first branchial cleft anomalies.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective case review.
  
  
  METHODS
  Tertiary referral center.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients with a first branchial cleft anomaly.
  
  
  METHODS
  Surgery or revision surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  Classifications according to Work, Olsen, Chilla; previous diagnostic and therapeutic pitfalls; outcome of intervention (including facial nerve function).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Between 1984 and 1999, first branchial cleft anomalies were diagnosed in 18 patients. Surgical treatment was the treatment of choice. The authors' approach in Work type I and type 2 lesions is described, and surgical aspects of revision surgery are discussed. The importance of early establishment of the relationship of the anomaly to the facial nerve is stressed. In 8 patients, previous surgical attempts had been undertaken without establishment of the diagnosis first. After intervention, the outcome was favorable.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  First branchial cleft anomalies occur sporadically in ordinary clinical practice. They may go unrecognized or may be mistaken for tumors or other inflammatory lesions of in the periauricular region. However, the distinct clinical features, which can be derived from embryologic development, usually lead to the correct diagnosis. This avoids both treatment delay and eventual failure.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head Neck Surgery, University Hospital Maastricht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Stokroos
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Manni
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000368:Aged; D001934:Branchial Region / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000601:surgery*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013506:Otologic Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods; D012189:Retrospective Studies