title: Visualization of a cytoskeleton-like FtsZ network in chloroplasts.
abstract: It has been a long-standing dogma in life sciences that only eukaryotic organisms possess a cytoskeleton. Recently, this belief was questioned by the finding that the bacterial cell division protein FtsZ resembles tubulin in sequence and structure and, thus, may be the progenitor of this major eukaryotic cytoskeletal element. Here, we report two nuclear-encoded plant ftsZ genes which are highly conserved in coding sequence and intron structure. Both their encoded proteins are imported into plastids and there, like in bacteria, they act on the division process in a dose-dependent manner. Whereas in bacteria FtsZ only transiently polymerizes to a ring-like structure, in chloroplasts we identified persistent, highly organized filamentous scaffolds that are most likely involved in the maintenance of plastid integrity and in plastid division. As these networks resemble the eukaryotic cytoskeleton in form and function, we suggest the term "plastoskeleton" for this newly described subcellular structure.
authors.affiliation: University of Freiburg, Plant Biotechnology, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kiessling
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kruse
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Rensing
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Harter
authors.forename: E L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Decker
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Reski
mesh_terms: D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000235:genetics; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D019068:Bryopsida / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics*; D002736:Chloroplasts / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D017124:Conserved Sequence; D003598:Cytoskeletal Proteins; D003599:Cytoskeleton / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D007438:Introns; D010802:Phylogeny; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000032:analysis* / Q000235:genetics*; D018087:Plastids / Q000502:physiology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis; D014162:Transfection
chemical_list: D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D003598:Cytoskeletal Proteins; C095113:FTSZ protein, Arabidopsis; C071525:FtsZ protein, Bacteria; D010940:Plant Proteins; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins