Blood and serum substances for markers of prostate cancer.
Serummarkers for prostate carcinoma are widely applied for the purpose of early detection of cancer and the differentiation between benign and malignant disease, for the pre-treatment staging of detected prostatic cancers, and for the monitoring of prostate cancer after curative or palliative therapies. This review illustrates the limitations of current markers for prostatic disease in blood en serum. It gives an overview of what is known about PSA and its isoforms, hK2, PSMA, and PSCA, and discusses, based on this information, in what direction current research is developing in order to improve these markers.
Bangma
C H
CH
Department of Urology, Erasmus University and Academic Hospital, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands. Bangma@urol.azr.nl
Verhagen
P C
PC
D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm / Q000097:blood*; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis*; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor