title: Complex ovarian cysts in postmenopausal women are not associated with ovarian cancer risk factors: preliminary data from the prostate, lung, colon, and ovarian cancer screening trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We assessed whether asymptomatic ovarian abnormalities detected on ultrasonography in postmenopausal women are precursors to ovarian cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  We compared the transvaginal ultrasonographic findings from the initial examination of 20,000 postmenopausal women enrolled to date in an ongoing randomized trial of cancer screening with data on the established risk factors for ovarian cancer obtained from self-administered questionnaires. We distinguished cysts with the suggestive characteristic(s) of a septum, a solid component, or an irregular or thick wall ("complex cysts") from simple sonolucent cysts with none of those features.
  
  
  RESULTS
  High parity, a strong ovarian cancer protective factor, was negatively associated with complex cysts (odds ratio for > or =5 births vs no births, 0.72; 95% confidence interval, 0.53-0.97), but long-term oral contraceptive use, another strong ovarian cancer protective factor, was not associated with complex cysts (odds ratio, 0.96; 95% confidence interval, 0.76-1.20). A family history of ovarian cancer or multiple breast cancers, a strong risk factor for cancer, was not associated with complex cysts (odds ratio, 0.99; 95% confidence interval, 0.68-1.44). Other abnormalities found on ultrasonography (including simple cysts, bilateral cysts, or all abnormalities combined) also did not share the established risk factors for ovarian malignancy. We did not identify any combination of features of abnormalities (septum, echogenicity, size, or papillary projections) that manifested the cancer risk factor profile.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although a very small proportion of the clinically silent ovarian abnormalities found on ultrasonography are determined to be ovarian cancers, the remaining complex cysts and other clinically suspicious abnormalities do not appear to be the immediate precursors of ovarian cancer. The eventual identification of such precursors will yield opportunities for earlier diagnosis, screening of high-risk groups, and better understanding of the cause of this often lethal malignancy.
authors.affiliation: Epidemiology and Biostatistics Program, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hartge
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hayes
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Reding
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Sherman
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Prorok
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schiffman
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Buys
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D003276:Contraceptives, Oral / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008403:Mass Screening; D008499:Medical Records; D008875:Middle Aged; D010048:Ovarian Cysts / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D010051:Ovarian Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology* / Q000235:genetics; D010298:Parity; D017698:Postmenopause; D011230:Precancerous Conditions / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D012307:Risk Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014463:Ultrasonography
chemical_list: D003276:Contraceptives, Oral