title: brp and blh are required for synthesis of the retinal cofactor of bacteriorhodopsin in Halobacterium salinarum.
abstract: Bacteriorhodopsin, the light-driven proton pump of Halobacterium salinarum, consists of the membrane apoprotein bacterioopsin and a covalently bound retinal cofactor. The mechanism by which retinal is synthesized and bound to bacterioopsin in vivo is unknown. As a step toward identifying cellular factors involved in this process, we constructed an in-frame deletion of brp, a gene implicated in bacteriorhodopsin biogenesis. In the Deltabrp strain, bacteriorhodopsin levels are decreased approximately 4.0-fold compared with wild type, whereas bacterioopsin levels are normal. The probable precursor of retinal, beta-carotene, is increased approximately 3.8-fold, whereas retinal is decreased by approximately 3.7-fold. These results suggest that brp is involved in retinal synthesis. Additional cellular factors may substitute for brp function in the Deltabrp strain because retinal production is not abolished. The in-frame deletion of blh, a brp paralog identified by analysis of the Halobacterium sp. NRC-1 genome, reduced bacteriorhodopsin accumulation on solid medium but not in liquid. However, deletion of both brp and blh abolished bacteriorhodopsin and retinal production in liquid medium, again without affecting bacterioopsin accumulation. The level of beta-carotene increased approximately 5.3-fold. The simplest interpretation of these results is that brp and blh encode similar proteins that catalyze or regulate the conversion of beta-carotene to retinal.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin Medical School, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA.
authors.forename: R F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Peck
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Echavarri-Erasun
authors.forename: E A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: W V
authors.initials: WV
authors.lastname: Ng
authors.forename: S P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Kennedy
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hood
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: DasSarma
authors.forename: M P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Krebs
mesh_terms: D001436:Bacteriorhodopsins / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D017353:Gene Deletion; D005798:Genes, Bacterial; D019617:Halobacterium salinarum / Q000235:genetics*; D016254:Mutagenesis, Insertional; D012172:Retinaldehyde / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D019207:beta Carotene / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D019207:beta Carotene; D001436:Bacteriorhodopsins; D012172:Retinaldehyde