title: Selection of viable cardiomyocytes for cell transplantation using three-dimensional tissue culture.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We developed a three-dimensional cardiac tissue culture system to select viable and contractile cells for the purpose of cardiomyocyte transplantation. In this study we will show that reaggregation of cardiomyocytes in culture is an active process indicative of cardiomyocyte viability and functionality.
  
  
  METHODS
  Myocardial tissue from newborn mice has been enzymatically digested, incubated in culture inserts, and studied by phase contrast microscopy, conventional histology, immunohistochemistry, electron microscopy, and TUNEL assay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cells that are plated on nonadhesive surfaces, reaggregate to spontaneously contracting cell aggregates. The capacity to reaggregate was significantly dependent from the age of the tissue donor (P<0.0001) and on the method of enzymatic dissociation (P<0.0001). The majority of cells within the aggregates consisted of cardiomyocytes. After 24 hr incubation, significant amounts of laminin and fibronectin had been deposited between the cells. Ultrastructural analysis revealed viable cardiomyocytes attached to each other by tight junctions. The apoptotic rate within the aggregates was 11.4+/-4.6 vs. 44.5+/-10.5% immediately after dissociation (P<0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The capacity to form spontaneously contracting aggregates is an inherent characteristic of viable cardiomyocytes in 3-dimensional cultures, which could be successfully exploited for cellular cardiomyocyte transplantation.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: S B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Watzka
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lucien
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shimada
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Edwards
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yeger
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hannigan
authors.forename: J G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Coles
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D017209:Apoptosis; D002449:Cell Aggregation; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000502:physiology; D017690:Cell Transplantation / Q000502:physiology; D046508:Culture Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D051379:Mice; D008815:Mice, Inbred Strains; D008819:Mice, Nude; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000502:physiology; D009206:Myocardium / Q000166:cytology*; D013997:Time Factors