title: Transforming growth factor-beta1 induces transforming growth factor-beta1 and transforming growth factor-beta receptor messenger RNAs and reduces complement C1qB messenger RNA in rat brain microglia.
abstract: Transforming growth factor-beta1 is a multifunctional peptide with increased expression during Alzheimer's disease and other neurodegenerative conditions which involve inflammatory mechanisms. We examined the autoregulation of transforming growth factor-beta1 and transforming growth factor-beta receptors and the effects of transforming growth factor-beta1 on complement C1q in brains of adult Fischer 344 male rats and in primary glial cultures. Perforant path transection by entorhinal cortex lesioning was used as a model for the hippocampal deafferentation of Alzheimer's disease. In the hippocampus ipsilateral to the lesion, transforming growth factor-beta1 peptide was increased >100-fold; the messenger RNAs encoding transforming growth factor-beta1, transforming growth factor-beta type I and type II receptors were also increased, but to a smaller degree. In this acute lesion paradigm, microglia are the main cell type containing transforming growth factor-beta1, transforming growth factor-beta type I and II receptor messenger RNAs, shown by immunocytochemistry in combination with in situ hybridization. Autoregulation of the transforming growth factor-beta1 system was examined by intraventricular infusion of transforming growth factor-beta1 peptide, which increased hippocampal transforming growth factor-beta1 messenger RNA levels in a dose-dependent fashion. Similarly, transforming growth factor-beta1 increased levels of transforming growth factor-beta1 messenger RNA and transforming growth factor-beta type II receptor messenger RNA (IC(50), 5pM) and increased release of transforming growth factor-beta1 peptide from primary microglia cultures. Interactions of transforming growth factor-beta1 with complement system gene expression are also indicated, because transforming growth factor-beta1 decreased C1qB messenger RNA in the cortex and hippocampus, after intraventricular infusion, and in cultured glia. These indications of autocrine regulation of transforming growth factor-beta1 in the rodent brain support a major role of microglia in neural activities of transforming growth factor-beta1 and give a new link between transforming growth factor-beta1 and the complement system. The auto-induction of the transforming growth factor-beta1 system has implications for transgenic mice that overexpress transforming growth factor-beta1 in brain cells and for its potential role in amyloidogenesis.
authors.affiliation: Andrus Gerontology Center and Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089-0191, USA. temorgan@usc.edu
authors.forename: T E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Morgan
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Rozovsky
authors.forename: D K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Sarkar
authors.forename: C S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Young-Chan
authors.forename: N R
authors.initials: NR
authors.lastname: Nichols
authors.forename: N J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Laping
authors.forename: C E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Finch
mesh_terms: D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D015922:Complement C1q / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D003714:Denervation / Q000009:adverse effects; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004660:Encephalitis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D006706:Homeostasis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D017628:Microglia / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D019580:Perforant Pathway / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D011916:Rats, Inbred F344; D018125:Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1
chemical_list: D012333:RNA, Messenger; D018125:Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta; C508962:Tgfb1 protein, rat; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1; D015922:Complement C1q