title: Physical activity-related injuries in walkers and runners in the aerobics center longitudinal study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the association between physical activity-related injuries and participation in walking versus running.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nested case-control study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cooper Clinic Preventive Medicine Center, Dallas. Texas.
  
  
  METHODS
  5,327 men and women undergoing exams between 1987 and 1995 and completing follow-up health history questionnaires in 1990 or 1995. Participants were classified as those reporting regular participation in walking or jogging/running at baseline. Those reporting both or neither activity were excluded from the study (n = 1404). Cases (698 men, 169 women) were those reporting physical activity-related injuries requiring physician visits in the previous year on the follow-up questionnaire. Controls (2,358 men, 698 women) were randomly selected from the remaining population.
  
  
  METHODS
  Logistic regression was used to examine the risk of injury in walkers versus runners and risk of injury by exercise dose while considering age, body mass index, previous injury, and strength training.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was a significantly lower risk of injury for walkers compared with runners in young (<45 years old) (odds ratio [OR] = 0.75, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.58-0.97) and older (> or = 45 years) men (OR = 0.64, 95% CI = 0.49-0.82), and a nonsignificantly lower risk among young (OR = 0.73, 95% CI = 0.39-1.37) and older women (OR = 0.72, 95% CI = 0.38-1.35). There was no effect of greater amounts of walking on injuries for either gender; however, there was a higher injury risk associated with running 15-30 min/day (OR = 1.36, 95% CI = 1.07-1.73) and 30+ min/day (OR = 1.52, 95% CI = 1.14-2.04) compared with <15 min/day among men, but not among women.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This low risk of musculoskeletal injury suggests that participation in walking can be safely recommended as a way to improve health and fitness.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
authors.forename: L H
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Colbert
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Hootman
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Macera
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001265:Athletic Injuries / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors; D012420:Running / Q000293:injuries*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D016138:Walking / Q000293:injuries*