title: Long-lasting effect evoked by tonic muscle pain on parietal EEG activity in humans.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To explore EEG changes evoked by tonic experimental muscle pain compared to a non-painful vibratory stimulus.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-one EEG channels were recorded before, during and after painful and non-painful stimulation. Pain was induced in the left brachioradialis muscle by injection of hypertonic (5%) saline. The vibratory stimulus was applied to the skin area overlying the brachioradialis muscle. The power of the major frequency components of the EEG activity (FFT, fast Fourier transform) was quantified and t-maps between the different experimental conditions were evaluated in frequency domain.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The main effect of muscle pain, compared to non-painful stimulation, was a significant and long-lasting increase of delta (1-3 Hz) power and an alpha-1 (9-11 Hz) power increase over the contralateral parietal locus. This finding could suggest a decreased excitability of the primary somatosensory cortex during muscle pain. The main effect of vibration, compared to its unstimulated baseline, consisted in an increase of beta-1 (14-20 Hz) power in the right frontal region.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data demonstrate significant and specific topographic EEG changes during tonic muscle pain. Since these modifications differ from those produced by an unstimulated baseline and during non-painful tonic stimulation, they might reflect mechanisms involved in the processing of nociceptive and adverse tonic stimuli.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Experimental Pain Research, Center for Sensory-Motor Interaction, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark. dlepera@tiscalinet.it
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Le Pera
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Svensson
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Valeriani
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Arendt-Nielsen
authors.forename: A C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001931:Brain Mapping; D004569:Electroencephalography; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009132:Muscles / Q000503:physiopathology*; D010146:Pain / Q000503:physiopathology*; D010296:Parietal Lobe / Q000503:physiopathology*; D013997:Time Factors