title: Portal venous calcifications 20 years after portosystemic shunting: demonstration by spiral CT with CT angiography and 3D reconstructions.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Evaluation of the value of spiral computed tomography (SCT), and postprocessing procedures in patients with extensive portal venous calcifications 20 years after portosystemic shunting was performed.
  
  
  METHODS
  In two patients spiral CT (SCT) examinations of the abdomen (slice thickness 3 mm, table feed 6 mm/s) were performed prior and after application of 150 ml of contrast material administered at a flow rate of 4 ml/s. Axial images were reconstructed at 2 mm increments for postprocessing procedures and 6 mm increments for axial source images. Postprocessing was performed with a maximum intensity projection (MIP) and shaded surface display (SSD) imaging program.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In both cases preoperative plain film radiography of the chest and abdomen showed large curvilinear calcifications located at the upper quadrant of the abdomen. The calcifications were directed along the expected axis and position of the portal vein and the portosystemic venous anastomosis. Axial CT slices and CTA showed that the calcifications were located in the vessel wall and that the portal vein lumen as well as the portosystemic venous anastomosis were patent.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Long-standing portal hypertension is capable of causing portal venous calcifications due to mechanical stress to the vessel wall even years after performing portosystemic shunting. Typically, the calcifications are directed along the expected axis and position of the portal vein. SCT of the portal venous system is a reliable method to differentiate between calcifications in a thrombus or in the vessel wall, which may have therapeutic significance.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroradiology, Medical School, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany. michael.freund@ukl.uni-heidelberg.de
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Freund
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Heller
mesh_terms: D000792:Angiography / Q000379:methods; D002114:Calcinosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011169:Portal Vein / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D011170:Portasystemic Shunt, Surgical; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D013997:Time Factors; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods*; D014652:Vascular Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*