title: A comparison of neuropsychological tests for the assessment of chronic toxic encephalopathy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  From the viewpoint of the clinical neuropsychologist, it is not evident if the detection of solvent induced toxic encephalopathy (TE) could be optimized by a modification of the traditional test batteries, adding tests covering new dimensions or monitoring further functional domains.
  
  
  METHODS
  To clarify this issue, TE patients were re-examined with (a) the tests traditionally used in screening for TE and (b) some tests hitherto less utilized within neurotoxicology, involving complex attention and frontal lobe functioning.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results do not indicate that tests of the latter category would be more sensitive to TE than the tests traditionally used. Using an optimized core battery, compiled of tests from both categories, the sensitivity and specificity levels reached a maximum of around 0.7 when using as criterion the reproduction of a subnormal test profile (TE type 2B).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A combination of several traditional and a few newer tests is suggested to optimize the detection of TE. Repeated assessments over time are also recommended.
authors.affiliation: Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Sweden. kai.osterberg@ymed.lu.se
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Osterberg
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Orbaek
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Karlson
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Bergendorf
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Seger
mesh_terms: D001925:Brain Damage, Chronic / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000175:diagnosis*; D016002:Discriminant Analysis; D005163:Factor Analysis, Statistical; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D009784:Occupational Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000175:diagnosis*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012997:Solvents / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D012997:Solvents