title: Alteration of sensorimotor integration in musician's cramp: impaired focusing of proprioception.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The influence of muscle vibration (MV) as a strong proprioceptive input on motorcortical excitability was studied in 5 patients with musician's cramp, 5 musician controls and 5 non-musician controls.
  
  
  METHODS
  The relaxed flexor carpi radialis (FCR), involved in the dystonic movement in all patients, was vibrated using low frequency (80 Hz) and low amplitude (0.5 mm). Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS; intensity, 120% of motor threshold) was applied without MV, 3 and 9 s after the onset of MV. Motor-evoked potentials (MEPs) in the FCR and in the antagonistic extensor carpi radialis (ECR) were recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  With MV, musician and non-musician controls showed a facilitation of MEPs in the FCR and a decrease of MEPs in the ECR. In musician's cramp, both phenomena were significantly less pronounced.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The reduced facilitation of MEPs in musician's cramp indicates a reduced MV-induced activation of motorcortical areas representing the FCR. The less pronounced inhibition by MV reflects a reduced inhibitory control of the antagonistic ECR. As there were no differences between musician and non-musician controls, the observed changes in musician's cramp refer to this special form of focal dystonia. An impairment of focused motorcortical activation by proprioceptive input from a muscle involved in the dystonic movement is suggested.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Medical School Hannover, 30623, Hannover, Germany.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Rosenkranz
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Altenmüller
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Siggelkow
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Dengler
mesh_terms: D001921:Brain / Q000502:physiology; D019054:Evoked Potentials, Motor / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D009120:Muscle Cramp / Q000503:physiopathology*; D009132:Muscles / Q000503:physiopathology*; D009146:Music; D014732:Vibration