title: Modeling HIV transfer between dendritic cells and T cells: importance of HIV phenotype, dendritic cell-T cell contact and T-cell activation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the requirements for HIV transfer between dendritic cells (DC) and CD4 T cells, using an in vitro model, combined with flow cytometry.
  
  
  METHODS
  Immature DC and macrophages (MA) were generated from monocytes. After infection, DC or MA were cultured alone or with purified CD4 T cells. Intracellular HIV was measured, using (1) the monocyte (MO)-tropic AD8 HIV, endowed with enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP); and (2) intracellular staining of laboratory HIV strains and clones from primary isolates.
  
  
  RESULTS
  (1) Clone AD8-EGFP infected DC and MA with equal efficiency, but the virus was preferentially transferred from DC to autologous T cells. (2) DC were more productively infected with R5/NSI, as compared to X4/SI, HIV, but both HIV phenotypes were easily transmitted to autologous T4 cells. (3) HIV-infected DC transferred the virus to T cells across a semi-permeable membrane, if the T cells were in contact with non-infected DC. (4) Co-culture of T cells with autologous non-infected DC induced T-cell activation. HIV-infected DC selectively increased HLA-DR on T cells and HLA-DR (+) T cells were preferential targets for HIV transfer. (5) Resting Ba-L-infected CD4 T cells were able to transmit the virus 'inversely' to co-cultured DC.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  HIV transfer between monocyte-derived dendritic cells and autologous CD4 T cells was directly demonstrated using flow cytometry. The transfer proceeded in both directions, depended on cellular contact and was associated with partial T-cell activation. This model, representing relevant in vivo targets of HIV, is useful to further investigate interactions between HIV, DC and T cells, without the need for primary ex vivo DC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium. gvanham@itg.be
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Vanham
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Penne
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Allemeersch
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kestens
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Willems
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: van der Groen
authors.forename: K T
authors.initials: KT
authors.lastname: Jeang
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Toossi
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Rich
mesh_terms: D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000821:virology; D002450:Cell Communication; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000821:virology*; D014644:Genetic Variation; D006678:HIV / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development*; D006684:HLA-DR Antigens; D006801:Humans; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation; D008264:Macrophages / Q000166:cytology / Q000821:virology; D008954:Models, Biological; D009000:Monocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000821:virology; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000821:virology*
chemical_list: D006684:HLA-DR Antigens