title: Wider indications for the local resection of gastric cancer by adjacent lymphadenectomy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A variety of minimal invasive treatment strategies for early gastric cancer without reducing the curability have been introduced, however, the indications for the local resection of early gastric cancer have not been precisely established.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two approaches are adopted in this study to elucidate indications for local resection. One is a retrospective review of surgically resected, postoperatively histologically proven early gastric cancers between 1976 and 1996 (611 patients), and the other is the patient selection from those who underwent modified D(1) lymphadenectomy in a prospective manner between 1987 and 1996, based on the preoperative and intraoperative diagnoses of mucosal, node negative, nonpalpable gastric cancer (125 patients). In these approaches, patterns of nodal involvement in association with clinicopathological characteristics of gastric cancer were investigated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The depressed with ulceration type and histologically high grade type were predominant characteristics of mucosal, node positive gastric cancer patients. Of these patients, after the exclusion of those who were diagnosed to have submucosal or advanced cancer preoperatively or who had palpable cancer intraoperatively, the gastric cancer < or =4 cm in maximum diameter had positive nodes confined to only one station adjacent to the cancer without simultaneous nodal involvement in the other stations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Local resection can be performed for gastric cancers < or = 4 cm in maximum diameter that meet our criteria for modified D(1) lymphadenectomy, in association with the frozen section confirmation of cancer negative in the simultaneously dissected lymph nodes in the stations adjacent to the cancer. The adjacent lymphadenectomy and frozen section examination make the application of local resection possible for a wider segment of patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan. shimoyama-dis@h.u-tokyo.ac.jp
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shimoyama
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Seto
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yasuda
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kaminishi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D005743:Gastrectomy / Q000379:methods*; D005753:Gastric Mucosa / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D008197:Lymph Node Excision / Q000379:methods*; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000473:pathology*; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019060:Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*