title: Identification of a novel isoform of poly(A) polymerase, TPAP, specifically present in the cytoplasm of spermatogenic cells.
abstract: We have identified cDNA clones encoding a testis-specific poly(A) polymerase, termed TPAP, a candidate molecule responsible for cytoplasmic polyadenylation of preexisting mRNAs in male haploid germ cells. The TPAP gene was most abundantly expressed coincident with the additional elongation of mRNA poly(A) tails in round spermatids. The amino acid sequence of TPAP contained 642 residues, and shared a high degree of identity (86%) with that of a nuclear poly(A) polymerase, PAP II. Despite the sequence conservation of functional elements, including three catalytic Asp residues, an ATP-binding site, and an RNA-binding domain, TPAP lacked an approximately 100-residue C-terminal sequence carrying one of two bipartite-type nuclear localization signals, and part of a Ser/Thr-rich domain found in PAP II. Recombinant TPAP produced by an in vitro transcription/translation system was capable of incorporating the AMP moiety from ATP into an oligo(A)(12) RNA primer in the presence of MnCl(2). Moreover, an affinity-purified antibody against the 12-residue C-terminal sequence of TPAP recognized a 70-kDa protein in the cytoplasm of spermatogenic cells. These results suggest that TPAP may participate in the additional extension of mRNA poly(A) tails in the cytoplasm of male germ cells, and may play an important role in spermiogenesis, probably through the stabilization of mRNAs.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Applied Biochemistry, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8572, Japan.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kashiwabara
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Zhuang
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yamagata
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Noguchi
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fukamizu
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Baba
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D015153:Blotting, Western; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D003593:Cytoplasm / Q000201:enzymology*; D005455:Fluorescent Antibody Technique; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic; D006238:Haploidy; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008540:Meiosis; D051379:Mice; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D019913:Nuclear Localization Signals; D009928:Organ Specificity; D011061:Poly A / Q000378:metabolism; D011062:Polynucleotide Adenylyltransferase / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D016914:Ribonuclease H / Q000378:metabolism; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D013091:Spermatogenesis; D013094:Spermatozoa / Q000166:cytology* / Q000201:enzymology*; D013737:Testis / Q000166:cytology / Q000201:enzymology
chemical_list: D007527:Isoenzymes; D019913:Nuclear Localization Signals; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D011061:Poly A; D011062:Polynucleotide Adenylyltransferase; D016914:Ribonuclease H