title: Expression of estrogen receptor alpha and beta mRNAs in prostate cancers treated with leuprorelin acetate.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The discovery of a novel estrogen receptor (ER), ER-beta, has given rise to new possibilities regarding estrogen's roles in the prostate. Although ER-beta is reported to be expressed preferentially in the rat prostate, its expression in the human prostate and relationship to cancer development has not been investigated. Thus the purpose of the study was to examine mRNA levels of ER-alpha and ER-beta in benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostate carcinoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  Samples of 15 prostate cancers obtained at radical prostatectomy were examined. All the patients had been maintained on androgen withdrawal therapy for at least 3 months. ER-alpha and ER-beta mRNAs were measured with a competitive PCR technique.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both ER-alpha and ER-beta mRNAs were detected in all of the prostate cancer tissues examined, as well as in PC3 and LNCap cells, although the levels varied among specimens. Interestingly, both types were significantly decreased in cases with lymph node metastasis. However, there was no correlation between ER mRNA levels and any other clinicopathological parameters.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  (1) Both ER-alpha and ER-beta mRNAs are expressed in prostate cancer and (2) expression of ER mRNA may not be related to cancer progression but may be negatively correlated with metastasis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cancer Research, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine (RIRBM), Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Maruyama
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Fujimoto
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Asano
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Usui
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D018931:Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D047628:Estrogen Receptor alpha; D047629:Estrogen Receptor beta; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D016729:Leuprolide / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011470:Prostatic Hyperplasia / Q000235:genetics*; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D018931:Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal; D047628:Estrogen Receptor alpha; D047629:Estrogen Receptor beta; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen; D016729:Leuprolide