title: Treatment with neutralising antibody against cytokine induced neutrophil chemoattractant (CINC) protects rats against acute pancreatitis associated lung injury.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Lung injury manifest clinically as adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a common cause of morbidity and mortality following acute pancreatitis (AP). Neutrophils play a critical role in the progression of AP to ARDS. C-x-C chemokines are potent neutrophil chemoattractants and activators and have been implicated in AP.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effect of blocking the C-x-C chemokine, cytokine induced neutrophil chemoattractant (CINC), in AP on pancreatic inflammation and the associated lung injury in rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  AP was induced by hourly intraperitoneal injections of caerulein. Goat anti-CINC antibody was administered either before or after starting caerulein injections to evaluate the prophylactic and therapeutic effects, respectively. Severity of AP was determined by measuring plasma amylase, pancreatic water content, and pancreatic myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity as a measure of neutrophil sequestration in the pancreas. Lung injury was determined by measurement of pulmonary microvascular permeability and lung MPO activity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Treatment with anti-CINC antibody had little effect on caerulein induced pancreatic damage. However, it reduced the caerulein mediated increase in lung MPO activity as well as lung microvascular permeability when administered either prophylactically (lung MPO (fold increase over control): 1.53 (0.21) v. 3.30 (0.46), p<0.05; microvascular permeability (L/P%): 0.42 (0.07) v. 0.77 (0.11), p<0.05) or therapeutically (lung MPO (fold increase over control): 2.13 (0.10) v 4.42 (0.65), p<0.05; microvascular permeability (L/P%): 0.31 (0.05) v 0.79 (0.13), p<0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Treatment with anti-CINC antibody afforded significant protection against pancreatitis associated lung injury. These results suggest that CINC plays an important role in the systemic inflammatory response in AP.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Liverpool, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Liverpool, UK. mbhatia@liverpool.ac.uk
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bhatia
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Brady
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zagorski
authors.forename: S E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Christmas
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Campbell
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Neoptolemos
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Slavin
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000818:Animals; D000906:Antibodies / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002199:Capillary Permeability; D019743:Chemokines, CXC; D002630:Chemotactic Factors / Q000819:agonists* / Q000276:immunology; D006133:Growth Substances / Q000819:agonists* / Q000276:immunology; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D008168:Lung / Q000098:blood supply; D008833:Microcirculation; D010195:Pancreatitis / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000150:complications*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012128:Respiratory Distress Syndrome / Q000517:prevention & control*
chemical_list: D000906:Antibodies; D019743:Chemokines, CXC; D002630:Chemotactic Factors; D006133:Growth Substances; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins