title: Increased cortisol: cortisone ratio in acute pulmonary tuberculosis.
abstract: To evaluate a possible role for altered cortisol metabolism in mediating the immunoparesis associated with progressive tuberculosis (TB), we have studied the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, and the activities of the 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases (11-HSDs) that interconvert active cortisol and inactive cortisone. In active pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB), the ratio of cortisol/cortisone metabolites in 24-h urine showed a shift towards active cortisol (ratio, 1.19 +/- 0.1, n = 16 versus 0. 89 +/- 0.05 in cured pulmonary tuberculosis (CTB), n = 13, p < 0. 01; and 0.78 +/- 0.04 healthy volunteers (HV), n = 11, p < 0.005). Conversion of cortisone (administered as 25 mg orally) to cortisol in peripheral plasma was higher in PTB (peak 1,157 +/- 55 nM, n = 14 versus 862 +/- 50 nM in CTB, n = 10, p < 0.005, and 882 +/- 73 nM in HV, n = 10; p < 0.005). Cortisol/cortisone ratio was increased in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in PTB (7.73 +/- 1.48, mean +/- SE, n = 13) compared with HV (4.05 +/- 0.38, n = 11, p < 0.05) but was not different in plasma (PTB, 3.25 +/- 0.68; HV, 4.01 +/- 0.92). Responses of plasma cortisol to dexamethasone, CRH stimulation, and multidose ACTH stimulation were not different. These data suggest that in pulmonary tuberculosis, central control of glucocorticoid production is normal but that peripheral metabolism, in particular in the lung, is deviated in favor of the active metabolite cortisol. This offers a possible mechanism to explain the immunoparesis observed in progressive pulmonary tuberculosis.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Infectious Diseases and Department of Bacteriology, University College and Royal Free School of Medicine, London, UK.
authors.forename: R W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Baker
authors.forename: B R
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Walker
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Shaw
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Honour
authors.forename: D S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Jessop
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Lightman
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zumla
authors.forename: G A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Rook
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000311:Adrenal Glands / Q000187:drug effects; D000324:Adrenocorticotropic Hormone / Q000494:pharmacology; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001992:Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid / Q000737:chemistry; D002940:Circadian Rhythm; D003346:Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone / Q000494:pharmacology; D003348:Cortisone / Q000378:metabolism*; D003907:Dexamethasone / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000378:metabolism*; D008168:Lung / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010902:Pituitary Gland / Q000187:drug effects; D011014:Pneumonia / Q000378:metabolism; D014397:Tuberculosis, Pulmonary / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D005938:Glucocorticoids; D003907:Dexamethasone; D000324:Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; D003346:Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone; D003348:Cortisone; D006854:Hydrocortisone