title: HMG-CoA reductase inhibition improves endothelial cell function and inhibits smooth muscle cell proliferation in human saphenous veins.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study examined effects of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitor cerivastatin on human saphenous vein (SV), endothelial cells (EC) and smooth muscle cells (SMC).
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Venous bypass graft failure involves EC dysfunction and SMC proliferation. Substances that improve EC function and inhibit SMC proliferation would be of clinical relevance.
  
  
  METHODS
  Both EC and SMC were isolated from SV. Endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) expression and nitric oxide (NO) production were analyzed by immunoblotting and porphyrinic microsensor. The SMC proliferation was assayed by 3H-thymidine incorporation. Protein kinases and cell cycle regulators were analyzed by immunoblotting.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cerivastatin (10(-9) to 10(-6) mol/liter) enhanced eNOS protein expression and NO release (about two-fold) in EC in response to Ca2+ ionophore (10(-6) mol/liter). This was fully abrogated by the HMG-CoA product mevanolate (2 x 10(-4) mol/liter). In SMC, platelet-derived growth factor (5 ng/ml) enhanced 3H-thymidine incorporation (298 +/- 23%, n = 4), activated cyclin-dependent kinase (Cdk2), phosphorylated Rb and down-regulated p27Kip1 (but not p21CiP1). Cerivastatin reduced the 3H-thymidine incorporation (164 +/- 11%, p < 0.01), inhibited Cdk2 activation and Rb phosphorylation, but did not prevent p27Kip1 down-regulation, nor p42mapk and p70S6K activation. Mevalonate abrogated the effects of cerivastatin on Cdk2 and Rb but only partially rescued the 3H-thymidine incorporation (from 164 +/- 11% to 211 +/- 13%, n = 4, p < 0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In humans, SVEC inhibition of HMG-CoA/mevalonate pathway contributes to the enhanced eNOS expression and NO release by cerivastatin, whereas in SMC, inhibition of this pathway only partially explains cerivastatin-induced cell growth arrest. Inhibition of mechanisms other than p42mapk and p70S6K or Cdk2 are also involved. These effects of cerivastatin could be important in treating venous bypass graft disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Research, University Zürich-Irchel, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kozai
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: van der Loo
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Viswambharan
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lachat
authors.forename: M I
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Turina
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Malinski
authors.forename: T F
authors.initials: TF
authors.lastname: Lüscher
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: van de Loo
mesh_terms: D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009131:Muscle, Smooth, Vascular / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects*; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000096:biosynthesis; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000096:biosynthesis; D011725:Pyridines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012501:Saphenous Vein / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors; D011725:Pyridines; D009569:Nitric Oxide; C086276:cerivastatin; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase