title: [Premedication and sedation complications during ophthalmic anesthesia].
abstract: Sedation allows patients to tolerate unpleasant procedures while maintaining adequate cardiorespiratory function and the ability to respond purposefully to verbal command. For ophthalmic surgery patient's anxiety and discomfort can be relieved during placement of a peribulbar block and during surgery by intravenous sedation. Intravenous sedation should only be administered by an anesthetist. Three different classes of drugs are used for intravenous sedation: analgesics (fentanyl and alfentanil), benzodiazepines (midazolam) and profofol, an intravenous anesthetic. Sedation may result in ventilatory, cardiovascular and neurologic complications. Excessive sedation can induce hypoventilation from central ventilatory depression or airway obstruction. Uncontrolled and unexpected movements of the head could result in major surgical complications. For the prevention of the complications related to sedation the same monitoring as for general anesthesia is essential.
authors.affiliation: Service d'Anesthésie-Réanimation Chirurgicale, Hôtel-Dieu, 1, place du Parvis Notre-Dame, 75004 Paris. haberer@club-internet.fr
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Haberer
mesh_terms: D000759:Adjuvants, Anesthesia / Q000009:adverse effects; D015760:Alfentanil / Q000009:adverse effects; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000009:adverse effects; D000758:Anesthesia / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000765:Anesthesia, Conduction / Q000009:adverse effects; D000772:Anesthesia, Local / Q000009:adverse effects; D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous / Q000009:adverse effects; D001145:Arrhythmias, Cardiac / Q000139:chemically induced; D005283:Fentanyl / Q000009:adverse effects; D006323:Heart Arrest / Q000139:chemically induced; D006801:Humans; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives / Q000009:adverse effects*; D007022:Hypotension / Q000139:chemically induced; D007040:Hypoventilation / Q000139:chemically induced; D008874:Midazolam / Q000009:adverse effects; D016343:Monitoring, Intraoperative; D009422:Nervous System Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced; D013508:Ophthalmologic Surgical Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects*; D011229:Preanesthetic Medication / Q000009:adverse effects*; D015742:Propofol / Q000009:adverse effects
chemical_list: D000759:Adjuvants, Anesthesia; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives; D015760:Alfentanil; D008874:Midazolam; D005283:Fentanyl; D015742:Propofol