RNA editing: cytidine to uridine conversion in apolipoprotein B mRNA.
RNA editing is a post-transcriptional process that changes the informational capacity within the RNA. These processes include alterations made by nucleotide deletion, insertion and base conversion. A to I and C to U conversion occurs in mammals and these editing events are catalysed by RNA binding deaminases. C to U editing of apoB mRNA was the first mammalian editing event to be identified. The minimal protein complex necessary for apoB mRNA editing has been determined and consists of APOBEC-1 and ACF. Overexpression of APOBEC-1 in transgenic animals caused liver dysplasia and APOBEC-1 has been identified in neurofibromatosis type 1 tumours, suggesting that RNA editing may be another mechanism for tumourigenesis. Several APOBEC-1-like proteins have been identified, including a family of APOBEC-1-related proteins with unknown function on chromosome 22. This review summarises the different types of RNA editing and discusses the current status of C to U apoB mRNA editing. This knowledge is very important in understanding the structure and function of these related proteins and their role in biology.
Chester
A
A
MRC Molecular Medicine, Clinical Science Centre, Imperial College School of Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK.
Scott
J
J
Anant
S
S
Navaratnam
N
N
D000071479:APOBEC-1 Deaminase; D000818:Animals; D001055:Apolipoproteins B / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D001483:Base Sequence; D020134:Catalytic Domain; D003562:Cytidine / Q000378:metabolism*; D003564:Cytidine Deaminase / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D015316:Genetic Therapy; D006801:Humans; D008958:Models, Molecular; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D010802:Phylogeny; D017393:RNA Editing; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D014529:Uridine / Q000378:metabolism*; D000098830:AICDA (Activation-Induced Cytidine Deaminase)
D001055:Apolipoproteins B; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D003562:Cytidine; D000098830:AICDA (Activation-Induced Cytidine Deaminase); D000071479:APOBEC-1 Deaminase; C000605089:APOBEC1 protein, human; D003564:Cytidine Deaminase; D014529:Uridine