title: Prognostic implication of contralateral secondary electrographic seizures in temporal lobe epilepsy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Interhemispheric propagation of seizures in temporal lobe epilepsy is frequently noted during intracranial EEG monitoring. We hypothesized that a distinct secondary electrographic seizure (DSES) in the temporal lobe contralateral to primary seizure onset may be an unfavorable prognostic indicator.
  
  
  METHODS
  We reviewed intracranial depth electrode EEG recordings, 1-year outcome, and medical records of 51 patients (M 29, F 22: age 15-64 years) who underwent anterior temporal lobectomy during 1988-96. We defined DSES as a seizure that spread to the contralateral temporal lobe and produced distinct contralateral EEG features. The distinct feature was focal involvement of one or two electrode contacts at onset, which starts and evolves independently from the ipsilateral temporal lobe. We considered DSES as the predominant seizure pattern when it occurred in more than one half of the patients' recorded seizures.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Only nine of 19 (47%) patients with predominant DSES had a 1-year seizure-free outcome, whereas 27 of 32 (84%) patients without predominant DSES had a 1-year seizure-free outcome (p < 0.01). Bitemporal independent seizures were more common in patients with predominant DSES (9/19 versus 0/32; p < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results suggest that distinct contralateral secondary electrographic seizure is a predictor of unfavorable outcome and is also more likely to be associated with bitemporal seizures.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912, USA.
authors.forename: K H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Y D
authors.initials: YD
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: D W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: King
authors.forename: K J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Meador
authors.forename: D W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Loring
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Murro
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Smith
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D004569:Electroencephalography / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D004828:Epilepsies, Partial / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D004833:Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D007839:Functional Laterality / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D013702:Temporal Lobe / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000601:surgery; D016896:Treatment Outcome