title: Acheiropodia is caused by a genomic deletion in C7orf2, the human orthologue of the Lmbr1 gene.
abstract: Acheiropodia is an autosomal recessive developmental disorder presenting with bilateral congenital amputations of the upper and lower extremities and aplasia of the hands and feet. This severely handicapping condition appears to affect only the extremities, with no other systemic manifestations reported. Recently, a locus for acheiropodia was mapped on chromosome 7q36. Herein we report the narrowing of the critical region for the acheiropodia gene and the subsequent identification of a common mutation in C7orf2-the human orthologue of the mouse Lmbr1 gene-that is responsible for the disease. Analysis of five families with acheiropodia, by means of 15 polymorphic markers, narrowed the critical region to 1.3 cM, on the basis of identity by descent, and to <0.5 Mb, on the basis of physical mapping. Analysis of C7orf2, the human orthologue of the mouse Lmbr1 gene, identified a deletion in all five families, thus identifying a common acheiropodia mutation. The deletion was identified at both the genomic-DNA and mRNA level. It leads to the production of a C7orf2 transcript lacking exon 4 and introduces a premature stop codon downstream of exon 3. Given the nature of the acheiropodia phenotype, it appears likely that the Lmbr1 gene plays an important role in limb development.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ianakiev
authors.lastname: van Baren MJ
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Daly
authors.forename: S P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Toledo
authors.forename: M G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Cavalcanti
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Neto
authors.forename: E L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Silveira
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Freire-Maia
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Heutink
authors.forename: M W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Kilpatrick
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Tsipouras
mesh_terms: D001483:Base Sequence; D002874:Chromosome Mapping; D002897:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 7 / Q000235:genetics*; D003241:Consanguinity; D004252:DNA Mutational Analysis; D005091:Exons / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D005532:Foot Deformities, Congenital / Q000235:genetics; D006228:Hand Deformities, Congenital / Q000235:genetics; D006239:Haplotypes / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D017880:Limb Deformities, Congenital / Q000235:genetics* / Q000503:physiopathology; D008126:Lod Score; D008297:Male; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016366:Open Reading Frames / Q000235:genetics*; D010375:Pedigree; D010641:Phenotype; D017384:Sequence Deletion / Q000235:genetics*; D012984:Software
chemical_list: C485955:LMBR1 protein, human; D008565:Membrane Proteins