title: Signal transduction pathways that contribute to increased protein synthesis during T-cell activation.
abstract: Protein synthesis rates were maximally stimulated in human lymphocytes by ionomycin and the phorbol ester PMA (I+P), which promotes proliferation, whereas PMA alone, which does not promote proliferation, stimulated protein synthesis to a lesser degree. Three translation-associated activities, eIF4E phosphorylation, eIF2B activity and 4E-BP1 phosphorylation also increased with stimulation by I+P and PMA, but only 4E-BP1 phosphorylation was differentially stimulated by these conditions. Correspondingly, signaling pathways activated in T cells were probed for their connection to these activities. Immunosuppressants FK506 and rapamycin partially blocked the protein synthesis rate increases by I+P stimulation. FK506 had less of an inhibitory effect with PMA stimulation suggesting that its mechanism mostly affected ionomycin-activated signals. I+P and PMA equally stimulated phosphorylation of ERK1/2, but I+P more strongly stimulated Akt, and p70(S6K) phosphorylation. An inhibitor that blocks ERK1/2 phosphorylation only slightly reduced protein synthesis rates stimulated by I+P or PMA, but greatly reduced eIF4E phosphorylation and eIF2B activity. In contrast, inhibitors of the PI-3 kinase and mTOR pathways strongly blocked early protein synthesis rate stimulated by I+P and PMA and also blocked 4E-BP1 phosphorylation and release of eIF4E suggesting that these pathways regulate protein synthesis activities, which are important for proliferation in T cells.
authors.affiliation: Molecular Hematology Branch, NHLBI, Bethesda, MD 20892-1654, USA. smiyamot@ucdavis.edu
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Miyamoto
authors.forename: S R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Kimball
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Safer
mesh_terms: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D000730:Androstadienes / Q000494:pharmacology; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D020717:Eukaryotic Initiation Factor-2B / Q000378:metabolism; D039561:Eukaryotic Initiation Factor-4E; D006801:Humans; D015759:Ionomycin / Q000494:pharmacology; D007700:Kinetics; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D020935:MAP Kinase Signaling System / Q000187:drug effects; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D008954:Models, Biological; D010448:Peptide Initiation Factors / Q000378:metabolism; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D000081082:Phosphoinositide-3 Kinase Inhibitors; D010750:Phosphoproteins / Q000378:metabolism; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000187:drug effects; D014176:Protein Biosynthesis / Q000187:drug effects; D011493:Protein Kinase C / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D019893:Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D020123:Sirolimus / Q000494:pharmacology; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D016559:Tacrolimus / Q000494:pharmacology; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate / Q000494:pharmacology; D000077191:Wortmannin
chemical_list: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D000730:Androstadienes; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D020717:Eukaryotic Initiation Factor-2B; D039561:Eukaryotic Initiation Factor-4E; D015759:Ionomycin; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D010448:Peptide Initiation Factors; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; D000081082:Phosphoinositide-3 Kinase Inhibitors; D010750:Phosphoproteins; D011493:Protein Kinase C; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D019893:Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases; D020123:Sirolimus; D016559:Tacrolimus; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate; D000077191:Wortmannin; C087000:EIF4EBP1 protein, human; C494918:AKT1 protein, human