title: Mu-opioid induction of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, RANTES, and IFN-gamma-inducible protein-10 expression in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells.
abstract: Strong evidence for the direct modulation of the immune system by opioids is well documented. Mu-opioids have been shown to alter the release of cytokines important for both host defense and the inflammatory response. Proinflammatory chemokines monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), RANTES, and IFN-gamma-inducible protein-10 (IP-10) play crucial roles in cell-mediated immune responses, proinflammatory reactions, and viral infections. In this report, we show that [D-Ala(2),N:-Me-Phe(4),Gly-ol(5)]enkephalin (DAMGO), a mu-opioid-selective agonist, augments the expression in human PBMCs of MCP-1, RANTES, and IP-10 at both the mRNA and protein levels. Because of the proposed relationship between opioid abuse and HIV-1 infection, we also examined the impact of DAMGO on chemokine expression in HIV-infected cells. Our results show that DAMGO administration induces a significant increase in RANTES and IP-10 expression, while MCP-1 protein levels remain unaffected in PBMCs infected with the HIV-1 strain. In contrast, we show a dichotomous effect of DAMGO treatment on IP-10 protein levels expressed by T- and M-tropic HIV-infected PBMCs. The differential modulation of chemokine expression in T- and M-tropic HIV-1-infected PBMCs by opioids supports a detrimental role for opioids during HIV-1 infection. Modulation of chemokine expression may enhance trafficking of potential noninfected target cells to the site of active infection, thus directly contributing to HIV-1 replication and disease progression to AIDS.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Center for Substance Abuse Research and Fels Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Biology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA.
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Wetzel
authors.forename: A D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Steele
authors.forename: T K
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: Eisenstein
authors.forename: M W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Adler
authors.forename: E E
authors.initials: EE
authors.lastname: Henderson
authors.forename: T J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Rogers
mesh_terms: D002478:Cells, Cultured; D018932:Chemokine CCL2 / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics; D018946:Chemokine CCL5 / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics; D054357:Chemokine CXCL10; D019743:Chemokines, CXC / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics; D020875:Enkephalin, Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5)- / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000502:physiology; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D010455:Peptides / Q000494:pharmacology; D010835:Phytohemagglutinins / Q000494:pharmacology; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis; D017450:Receptors, Opioid, mu / Q000819:agonists / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000097:blood / Q000502:physiology*; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D018932:Chemokine CCL2; D018946:Chemokine CCL5; D054357:Chemokine CXCL10; D019743:Chemokines, CXC; D010455:Peptides; D010835:Phytohemagglutinins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D017450:Receptors, Opioid, mu; D020875:Enkephalin, Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5)-; C009862:connective tissue-activating peptide; D007371:Interferon-gamma