title: Eumetazoan fossils in terminal proterozoic phosphorites?
abstract: Phosphatic sedimentary rocks preserve a record of early animal life different from and complementary to that provided by Ediacaran fossils in terminal Proterozoic sandstones and shales. Phosphorites of the Doushantuo Formation, South China, contain eggs, egg cases, and stereoblastulae that document animals of unspecified phylogenetic position; small fossils containing putative spicules may specifically record the presence of sponges. Microfossils recently interpreted as the preserved gastrulae of cnidarian and bilaterian metazoans can alternatively be interpreted as conventional algal cysts and/or egg cases modified by diagenetic processes known to have had a pervasive influence on Doushantuo phosphorites. Regardless of this interpretation, evidence for Doushantuo eumetazoans is provided by millimeter-scale tubes that display tabulation and apical budding characteristic of some Cnidaria, especially the extinct tabulates. Like some Ediacaran remains, these small, benthic, colonial fossils may represent stem-group eumetazoans or stem-group cnidarians that lived in the late Proterozoic ocean.
authors.affiliation: Department of Geology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70118, USA.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.forename: A H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Knoll
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003063:Cnidaria / Q000145:classification / Q000254:growth & development; D005580:Fossils; D005775:Gastrula; D019015:Geologic Sediments; D008903:Minerals; D010710:Phosphates
chemical_list: D008903:Minerals; D010710:Phosphates; C090013:phosphorite