title: Increased rate of adenine incorporation into adenine nucleotide pool in erythrocytes of patients with chronic renal failure.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Elevated purine nucleotide pool (mainly ATP) in erythrocytes of patients with chronic renal failure (CRF) is a known phenomenon, however the mechanism responsible for this abnormality is far from being clear. We hypothesize that the increased rate of adenine incorporation into adenine nucleotide pool is responsible for the elevated level of ATP in uremic erythrocytes.
  
  
  METHODS
  In chronically uremic patients we evaluated using HPLC technique: (a) plasma adenine concentration; (b) the rate of adenine incorporation into adenine nucleotide pool in uremic erythrocytes. Additionally, the effect of higher than physiological phosphate concentration (2.4 mM) and lower than physiological pH (7.1) on adenine incorporation into erythrocytes adenine nucleotide pool was investigated. Healthy volunteers with normal renal function served as control.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The concentration of adenine in plasma of CRF patients was found to be significantly higher than in plasma of healthy subjects. In contrast, adenosine concentration was similar both in healthy humans and in CRF patients. In isolated erythrocytes of uremic patients (incubated in the medium pH 7.4, containing 1.2 mM inorganic phosphate) adenine was incorporated into adenine nucleotide pool at a rate approximately 2-fold higher than in erythrocytes from healthy subjects. The rate of adenosine incorporation into adenine nucleotide pool was similar in erythrocytes of both studied groups. Incubation of erythrocytes obtained from healthy subjects in the medium pH 7.4, containing 2.4 mM inorganic phosphate, caused the increase of adenine incorporation into adenine nucleotide pool by about 60%. Incubation of the cells in the pH 7.1 buffer containing 2. 4 mM inorganic phosphate increased the rate of adenine incorporation into adenylate approximately 2-fold as compared to erythrocytes incubated in the medium pH 7.4 containing 1.2 mM inorganic phosphate. Erythrocytes obtained from uremic patients and incubated in the pH 7.1 medium containing 2.4 mM phosphate incorporated adenine into adenine nucleotide pool at a rate similar to erythrocytes incubated in the medium pH 7.4 containing 1.2 mM phosphate. Erythrocytes obtained from either healthy subjects or from patients with CRF and incubated in the presence of higher than physiological concentration of inorganic phosphate (2.4 mM) and lower than physiological pH (7. 1) did not exhibit any increase in the rate of adenisine incorporation into adenine nucleotide pool.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that the increased rate of adenine incorporation into adenine nucleotide pool could be partially responsible for the increased concentration of ATP in uremic erythrocytes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdańsk, Poland.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Marlewski
authors.forename: R T
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Smolenski
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Szolkiewicz
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Aleksandrowicz
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Rutkowski
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Swierczynski
mesh_terms: D000225:Adenine / Q000097:blood* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000378:metabolism*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002250:Carbon Radioisotopes; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010710:Phosphates / Q000097:blood; D014511:Uremia / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D002250:Carbon Radioisotopes; D010710:Phosphates; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; D000225:Adenine