title: Australian clinicians and educators identify gaps in specialist cardiac nursing practice.
abstract: Change is endemic in both the health care and higher education sectors in Australia. Consequently professional roles and educational pathways must also evolve and adapt, often catalysed by those in leadership positions. Two national Delphi panels, one of cardiac nurse educators and the other of cardiac nurses, were convened to answer the question 'What knowledge, skills and attitudes are required for an expert nurse practising in the highly technological cardiac care environment?' Respondents indicated on a Likert scale the importance of 107 items to the nurse's role in both the 'real' and 'ideal' worlds of practice. Overall there was very strong agreement between the two panels with results indicating that Australian nurses perform close to their ideal in many areas of practice. For 31 of the items, both panels identified that the reality of practice is quite far from their ideal. Both panels agree that 10 of the behaviours are carried out or valued very little in practice. Reasons why nurses are not carrying out these elements of the role to their satisfaction are discussed and remediation strategies suggested. The findings can inform both curriculum development and clinical practice. In the dynamic health care arena, the nursing profession continues to respond to community and professional needs, seeking to establish sound research-based practice and maintain a high quality of clinical care and nursing management. The development of competencies by the Confederation of Critical Care Nurses (1996) is a good example of professional groups taking the initiative both in defining the practice role and providing tools that assist educational bodies to develop programs appropriate for a practice based discipline. Specialty nursing practice is 'under the microscope' in Australia as the profession seeks the best methods to weight nursing activities, measure nursing outcomes and recruit, retain and justify the use of specialist practitioners.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Nursing, Midwifery and Health, University of Technology, Sydney, Australia.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Pelletier
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Duffield
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Adams
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mitten-Lewis
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Crisp
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nagy
mesh_terms: D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D001315:Australia; D002309:Cardiology / Q000193:education*; D002983:Clinical Competence / Q000592:standards*; D003325:Coronary Care Units; D003422:Critical Care / Q000592:standards*; D003479:Curriculum; D003697:Delphi Technique; D005181:Faculty, Nursing; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006331:Heart Diseases / Q000451:nursing*; D006801:Humans; D020380:Needs Assessment / Q000458:organization & administration*; D015402:Nursing Education Research; D013041:Specialties, Nursing / Q000193:education* / Q000592:standards*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires