title: A functional cloning strategy, based on a binary PVX-expression vector, to isolate HR-inducing cDNAs of plant pathogens.
abstract: We have devised a novel, high-throughput functional cloning method to isolate cDNAs from plant pathogens of which the products elicit a hypersensitive response (HR) in plants. Copy DNA, made from RNA isolated from the tomato pathogen Cladosporium fulvum grown under nutrient-limiting conditions in vitro, was cloned into a binary, potato virus X (PVX)-based expression vector and transformed to Agrobacterium tumefaciens. 9600 colonies were individually toothpick-inoculated onto leaflets of tomato plants resistant to C. fulvum. Four cDNAs were identified whose expression induced formation of a necrotic lesion around the inoculation site. One of these clones, specifically inducing HR on tomato plants carrying the Cf-4 resistance gene, encodes race-specific elicitor AVR4. The other three cDNAs, inducing a non-genotype-specific HR, encode a protein highly homologous to bZIP, basic transcription factors. To determine whether this approach has general applicability, part of the library was also inoculated onto Nicotiana tabacum var. Samsun NN, which is not a host for C. fulvum. Four independent HR-inducing cDNAs were identified which all encode ECP2, an extracellular protein of C. fulvum known to induce necrosis in certain Nicotiana species. These observations confirm that this functional screening method is a versatile strategy to identify cDNAs of pathogens that encode (race-specific) elicitors and other HR-inducing proteins.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Phytopathology, Wageningen University, Binnenhaven 9, 6709 PD Wageningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: F L
authors.initials: FL
authors.lastname: Takken
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Luderer
authors.forename: S H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Gabriëls
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Westerink
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: de Wit
authors.forename: M H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Joosten
mesh_terms: D016960:Agrobacterium tumefaciens / Q000235:genetics; D002963:Cladosporium / Q000235:genetics*; D003001:Cloning, Molecular / Q000379:methods*; D005656:Fungal Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics*; D015723:Gene Library; D005822:Genetic Vectors; D018551:Solanum lycopersicum / Q000382:microbiology; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000235:genetics*; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000382:microbiology; D010947:Plants, Toxic; D012641:Selection, Genetic; D013045:Species Specificity; D014026:Nicotiana / Q000382:microbiology
chemical_list: C080830:ECP2 protein, Cladosporium fulvum; D005656:Fungal Proteins