title: Survival of women with breast cancer in relation to smoking.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare survival of patients with breast cancer who had never smoked, were smokers, and who were ex-smokers.
  
  
  METHODS
  Observational study.
  
  
  METHODS
  City of Malmö, Sweden.
  
  
  METHODS
  792 patients with breast cancer diagnosed between 1977-1986 in the Malmö mammographic screening trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  Follow-up of breast cancer cases through record-linkage with the Swedish Cause of Death Registry.
  
  
  METHODS
  Death from breast cancer. Relative risk (RR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) of death from breast cancer was calculated for different smoking groups using Cox's proportional hazards analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During a mean follow-up of 12.1 years, 145 patients died of breast cancer. Breast cancer mortality was 1347/10(5) person-years in those who had never smoked, 1941/10(5) in smokers, and 1493/10(5) in ex-smokers. The crude RR for smokers and ex-smokers, compared with those who had never smoked were 1.44 (1.01 to 2.06) and 1.13 (0.66 to 1.94), respectively. The RR associated with smoking remained significant after adjustment for age and stage at diagnosis, 2.14 (1.47 to 3.10), and other potential confounders.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Survival after breast cancer was, as expected, strongly related to stage at diagnosis. However, stage by stage there was considerable variation between individual patients. We conclude that differences with regard to exposure to smoking contribute to this heterogeneity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Community Medicine, Lund University, Malmö University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Manjer
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Andersson
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Berglund
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bondesson
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Garne
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Janzon
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Malina
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Matson
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000401:mortality* / Q000601:surgery; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality* / Q000601:surgery; D002278:Carcinoma in Situ / Q000401:mortality* / Q000601:surgery; D018270:Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast / Q000401:mortality* / Q000601:surgery; D002285:Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating / Q000401:mortality* / Q000601:surgery; D018275:Carcinoma, Lobular / Q000401:mortality* / Q000601:surgery; D002423:Cause of Death; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D016017:Odds Ratio; D010052:Ovariectomy; D010298:Parity; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012306:Risk; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects*; D016019:Survival Analysis; D013997:Time Factors