title: Critical advances in septicemia and septic shock.
abstract: Recent advances suggest that toll-like receptors, various cytokines, cicosanoids, free radicals and macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) play an important role in the pathobiology of septicemia and septic shock. Anti-MIF antibodies can decrease the plasma concentrations of tumor necrosis factor (TNF), lower bacterial circulating counts and enhance survival of animals with septicemia and septic shock. Monocyte expression of MHC-class II antigens, neutrophil expression of the integrin CD11b/CD18 and neutrophil activation can be related to the development of, and/or recovery from, post-operative sepsis. Thus, biological variations in the response of an individual to a given stimulus, appears to determine his/her ability or inability to develop and also recover from sepsis and septic shock. This suggests that it may be possible to predict the development of septicemia and septic shock in a given individual and take appropriate action both to prevent and treat them adequately.
authors.affiliation: EFA Sciences LLC, Norwood, Massachusetts 02062, USA. undurti@hotmail.com
authors.forename: U N
authors.initials: UN
authors.lastname: Das
mesh_terms: D018821:CD18 Antigens / Q000276:immunology; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D003422:Critical Care / Q000379:methods; D016207:Cytokines / Q000276:immunology; D029721:Drosophila Proteins; D015777:Eicosanoids / Q000276:immunology; D005609:Free Radicals / Q000276:immunology; D006684:HLA-DR Antigens / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation; D008263:Macrophage Migration-Inhibitory Factors / Q000276:immunology; D016177:Macrophage-1 Antigen / Q000276:immunology; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000276:immunology; D009000:Monocytes / Q000276:immunology; D018375:Neutrophil Activation / Q000276:immunology; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000276:immunology; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000276:immunology; D012307:Risk Factors; D018805:Sepsis / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000628:therapy; D012772:Shock, Septic / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000628:therapy; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D018821:CD18 Antigens; D016207:Cytokines; D029721:Drosophila Proteins; D015777:Eicosanoids; D005609:Free Radicals; D006684:HLA-DR Antigens; D008263:Macrophage Migration-Inhibitory Factors; D016177:Macrophage-1 Antigen; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha