title: Patient dose from barium procedures.
abstract: The objective of this work was to estimate patient doses (dose-area product, organ dose, effective dose and entrance surface dose) for barium procedures. A total of 175 procedures, in 175 patients, for five different examination categories was analysed. Dose-area product was determined using a transmission ionization chamber. Organ dose and effective dose were assessed using a knowledge of the examination and the software. For all patients, the contribution of fluoroscopy to the total dose was greater than that from radiography. Dose-area product from double contrast barium enema, enteroclysis and intestinal tract procedures was higher than that obtained for the other procedures. The average effective dose was 1.04 mSv and 13.99 mSv for oesophageal tract and enteroclysis examinations, respectively. Entrance surface dose in the oesophageal tract was 16 mGy, 10 times lower than for the other four procedures. Patient dose reduction in barium procedures may be achieved by improved training of resident radiologists, senior radiologists and other specialists in radiation protection.
authors.affiliation: Radiology and Medical Physics Department, School of Medicine, University of Málaga, Spain.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ruiz-Cruces
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ruiz
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pérez-Martínez
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: López
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Tort Ausina
authors.forename: A D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: de los Ríos
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001466:Barium Sulfate; D003287:Contrast Media; D004064:Digestive System / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D004947:Esophagus / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D005471:Fluoroscopy; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D011835:Radiation Protection / Q000592:standards; D011874:Radiometry / Q000379:methods*; D012016:Reference Values; D013030:Spain
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D001466:Barium Sulfate