title: Cell composition of the human pulmonary valve: a comparative study with the aortic valve--the VESALIO Project. Vitalitate Exornatum Succedaneum Aorticum labore Ingegnoso Obtinebitur.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cell populations present in human semilunar valves have not been investigated thoroughly. The aim of this study was to characterize the cell phenotypes in pulmonary valve leaflets (PVL) in comparison with aortic (AVL) valve leaflets.
  
  
  METHODS
  AVL and PVL were dissected from hearts (n = 4) harvested from transplanted patients. Leaflets were processed for immunocytochemistry analysis and Western blotting procedures using a panel of monoclonal antibodies specific for cytoskeletal/contractile antigens.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The fibrosa and the ventricularis layers of AVL had a higher cellularity than PVL. In PVL and AVL most cells were reactive for vimentin and nonmuscle (NM) myosin, though vimentin-positive cells were more abundant in AVL than in PVL. Sparse cells positive to anti-smooth muscle (SM) alpha-actin, calponin, and anti-SM myosin antibodies were found only at the outer edge of fibrosa. In Western blotting, AVL and PVL extracts were shown to be equally reactive for vimentin, SM alpha-actin, and NM myosin, whereas both valves were negative for SM myosin and SM22.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Three distinct cell phenotypes have been identified in both valves: fibroblasts, myofibroblasts, and fetal-type SM cells whose distribution is specifically related to the valve layers. Although PVL and AVL cell populations differ quantitatively, some minor qualitative differences exist for vimentin and NM myosin distribution. These data are essential for studies aimed at repopulating valve scaffolds by using tissue engineering technology.
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Cardiovascular Surgery, University of Padua, Italy.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Della Rocca
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sartore
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Guidolin
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bertiplaglia
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gerosa
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Casarotto
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pauletto
mesh_terms: D000199:Actins / Q000032:analysis; D001021:Aortic Valve / Q000166:cytology*; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002135:Calcium-Binding Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D002452:Cell Count; D004586:Electrophoresis; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000166:cytology; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008840:Microfilament Proteins; D009124:Muscle Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D009130:Muscle, Smooth / Q000166:cytology; D009218:Myosins / Q000032:analysis; D011664:Pulmonary Valve / Q000166:cytology*; D014746:Vimentin / Q000032:analysis; D000096985:Calponins
chemical_list: D000199:Actins; D002135:Calcium-Binding Proteins; D008840:Microfilament Proteins; D009124:Muscle Proteins; D009218:Myosins; D014746:Vimentin; D000096985:Calponins