title: Induction of hypoxia-inducible-factor 1 by nitric oxide is mediated via the PI 3K pathway.
abstract: Adaptation to hypoxic stress provokes activation of the hypoxia-inducible-factor-1 (HIF-1) which mediates gene expression of, e.g., erythropoietin or vascular endothelial growth factor. Detailed information on signaling pathways that stabilize HIF-1 is missing, but reactive oxygen species degrade the HIF-1 alpha subunit, whereas phosphorylation causes its stabilization. It was believed that hypoxia resembles the only HIF-1 inducer but recent evidence characterized other activators of HIF-1 such as nitric oxide (NO). Herein, we concentrated on NO-evoked HIF-1 induction as a heretofore unappreciated inflammatory response in association with massive NO formation. We demonstrated that S-nitrosoglutathione induces HIF-1 alpha accumulation and concomitant DNA binding. The response was attenuated by the kinase inhibitor genistein and blockers of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase such as Ly 294002 or wortmannin. Whereas mitogen-activated protein kinases were not involved, we noticed phosphorylation/activation of Akt in correlation with HIF-1 alpha stabilization. NO appears to regulate HIF-1 alpha via the PI 3K/Akt pathway under normoxic conditions.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medicine IV, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany.
authors.forename: K B
authors.initials: KB
authors.lastname: Sandau
authors.forename: H G
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Faus
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Brüne
mesh_terms: D000730:Androstadienes / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002460:Cell Line; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000378:metabolism; D002867:Chromones / Q000494:pharmacology; D004247:DNA / Q000378:metabolism; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D019833:Genistein / Q000494:pharmacology; D005978:Glutathione / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D000860:Hypoxia; D051793:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1; D051795:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit; D007249:Inflammation; D020935:MAP Kinase Signaling System; D009025:Morpholines / Q000494:pharmacology; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009603:Nitroso Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D010726:Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D000081082:Phosphoinositide-3 Kinase Inhibitors; D010766:Phosphorylation; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D026422:S-Nitrosoglutathione; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013552:Swine; D013997:Time Factors; D014157:Transcription Factors; D000077191:Wortmannin
chemical_list: D000730:Androstadienes; D002867:Chromones; D004247:DNA; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D019833:Genistein; D005978:Glutathione; D051793:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1; D051795:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit; D009025:Morpholines; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D009603:Nitroso Compounds; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; D010726:Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors; D000081082:Phosphoinositide-3 Kinase Inhibitors; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D026422:S-Nitrosoglutathione; D014157:Transcription Factors; D000077191:Wortmannin; C085911:2-(4-morpholinyl)-8-phenyl-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one