title: Naive human T cells develop into Th1 effectors after stimulation with Mycobacterium tuberculosis-infected macrophages or recombinant Ag85 proteins.
abstract: Most studies of human T-cell responses in tuberculosis have focused on persons with either active disease or latent infection. Although this work has been critical in defining T-cell correlates of successful versus failed host containment, little is known about the development of Mycobacterium-specific T-cell responses in uninfected persons. To explore this issue, naive T cells from uninfected donors were sensitized in vitro with avirulent Mycobacterium tuberculosis-infected autologous macrophages. T-cell lines primed in this manner proliferated and produced cytokines after challenge with mycobacterial antigens. Of 11 such lines, 8 were high Th1 responders, 2 were low Th1 responders, and 1 was a Th2 responder. Furthermore, similar patterns and magnitudes of proliferative and cytokine responses were seen when Mycobacterium infection-primed lines were challenged with recombinant antigen 85 (Ag85) proteins. The addition of interleukin 12 (IL-12) during the initial sensitization increased the magnitude of Th1 responses; however, antibody to IL-12 did not eliminate Th1 responses, suggesting that additional factors contributed to the differentiation of these cells. Finally, in the presence of IL-12, recombinant Ag85B was able to prime naive T cells for Th1 responses upon challenge with Mycobacterium-infected macrophages or Ag85B. Therefore, under the appropriate conditions, priming with whole bacteria or a subunit antigen can stimulate Mycobacterium-specific Th1 effector cell development. Further definition of the antigens and conditions required to drive naive human T cells to differentiate into Th1 effectors should facilitate the development of an improved tuberculosis vaccine.
authors.affiliation: Meharry Medical College, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Russo
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kozlova
authors.forename: D L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Lakey
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kernodle
mesh_terms: D000942:Antigens, Bacterial / Q000276:immunology*; D002460:Cell Line; D006801:Humans; D007114:Immunization; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000096:biosynthesis; D018664:Interleukin-12 / Q000502:physiology; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D008264:Macrophages / Q000382:microbiology / Q000502:physiology*; D009169:Mycobacterium tuberculosis / Q000276:immunology*; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000276:immunology; D018417:Th1 Cells / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D000942:Antigens, Bacterial; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; C065036:antigen 85, Mycobacterium bovis; D018664:Interleukin-12; D015847:Interleukin-4; D007371:Interferon-gamma