title: The New York High-Risk Project: comorbidity for axis I disorders is preceded by childhood behavioral disturbance.
abstract: The relationship between childhood behavioral disturbance and comorbidity for adult psychiatric disorders has not been sufficiently investigated. Subjects of this report (N = 185) were offspring of parents with schizophrenia or affective disorder and of normal parents from the New York High-Risk Project. Data on childhood behavior at the mean age of 9.5 years were obtained in a parent interview at initial assessment in 1971-72. Adulthood outcomes were assessed through standardized interviews, and lifetime axis I diagnoses were based on Research Diagnostic Criteria. Subjects with comorbidity for axis I disorders exhibited significantly more behavioral problems as children, compared with those who developed either one or no psychiatric disorder in adulthood. This association was not biased by gender or parental diagnosis of psychiatric disorder. The findings emphasize that psychiatric comorbidity can be traced back to childhood and underline the importance of longitudinal observations in psychiatric research.
authors.affiliation: University Hospital for Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: G P
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Amminger
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pape
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Rock
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Roberts
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Squires-Wheeler
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kestenbaum
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Erlenmeyer-Kimling
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D002653:Child Behavior Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology*; D016241:Child of Impaired Parents / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D015897:Comorbidity; D005260:Female; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D019964:Mood Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology; D009518:New York / Q000453:epidemiology; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000453:epidemiology