The illusion of external agency.
People typically underestimate their capacity to generate satisfaction with future outcomes. When people experience such self-generated satisfaction, they may mistakenly conclude that it was caused by an influential, insightful, and benevolent external agent. In three laboratory experiments, participants who were allowed to generate satisfaction with their outcomes were especially likely to conclude that an external agent had subliminally influenced their choice of partners (Study 1), had insight into their musical preferences (Study 2), and had benevolent intentions when giving them a stuffed animal (Study 3). These results suggest that belief in omniscient, omnipotent, and benevolent external agents, such as God, may derive in part from people's failure to recognize that they have generated their own satisfaction.
Gilbert
D T
DT
Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA. dtg@wjh.harvard.edu
Brown
R P
RP
Pinel
E C
EC
Wilson
T D
TD
D000328:Adult; D002755:Choice Behavior; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007088:Illusions; D007389:Internal-External Control; D008297:Male; D019222:Mind-Body Relations, Metaphysical; D011385:Projection; D012069:Religion and Psychology; D020377:Self Efficacy