title: T-cell clones from melanoma patients immunized against an anchor-modified gp100 peptide display discordant effector phenotypes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The modified peptide epitope gp100:209-217 (210M), referred to as g209-2M, of the gp100 melanocyte differentiation protein, when administered to melanoma patients by subcutaneous injection in incomplete Freund's adjuvant, is capable of generating HLA-A2-restricted CD8+ lymphocytes that specifically recognize the native gp100:209-217 (g209) peptide as well as gp100-expressing tumor cells. To evaluate the suitability of cloned lymphocytes from immunized patients for use in adoptive transfer therapy protocols, the functional and phenotypic variation of individual CD8+ T cell clones comprising the antitumor immune response was evaluated.
  
  
  METHODS
  T-cell clones from melanoma patients who received g209-2M immunization were isolated and expanded, and their specific antitumor functional phenotypes were characterized.
  
  
  RESULTS
  g209-specific CD8+ lymphocytes that specifically recognized gp100-expressing tumor cells were readily obtained from g209-2M-immunized patients. There was substantial variation in the absolute levels of cytokine secretion and target cell lysis by g209-specific clones from each patient. Furthermore, individual clones demonstrated discordant secretion of different proinflammatory cytokines. These clonal phenotypes were stable, even after large expansions in cell number.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results indicate that g209-2M peptide immunization of melanoma patients leads to a functionally diverse population of T cells, many of which are capable of expansion ex vivo to cell numbers appropriate for adoptive immunotherapy. However, the selection of a particular antigen-specific T-cell clone for treatment should be based on multiple functional criteria.
authors.affiliation: Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-1502, USA.
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Dudley
authors.forename: L T
authors.initials: LT
authors.lastname: Ngo
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Westwood
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Wunderlich
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Rosenberg
mesh_terms: D018414:CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D019496:Cancer Vaccines; D002999:Clone Cells; D005620:Freund's Adjuvant; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000378:metabolism; D015789:HLA-A2 Antigen / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007114:Immunization; D016130:Immunophenotyping; D016219:Immunotherapy, Adoptive / Q000379:methods*; D007279:Injections, Subcutaneous; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000378:metabolism; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000378:metabolism; D008545:Melanoma / Q000276:immunology* / Q000628:therapy; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000276:immunology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000276:immunology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010455:Peptides; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000276:immunology* / Q000628:therapy; D013602:T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic / Q000276:immunology; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism; D058951:gp100 Melanoma Antigen
chemical_list: D019496:Cancer Vaccines; D015789:HLA-A2 Antigen; D007376:Interleukin-2; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; C548637:PMEL protein, human; D010455:Peptides; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; C548638:g209-2M melanoma peptide; D058951:gp100 Melanoma Antigen; D007371:Interferon-gamma; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor; D005620:Freund's Adjuvant