title: Increased anterior cingulate and caudate activity in bipolar mania.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Executive control of cognition, emotion, and behavior are disrupted in the manic state of bipolar disorder. Whereas frontal systems are implicated in such dysfunction, the localization of functional brain abnormalities in the manic state is not well understood.
  
  
  METHODS
  We utilized a high-sensitivity H(2)(15)0 positron emission tomography technique to investigate regions of increased brain activity in mania, compared to euthymia, in bipolar disorder.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The principal findings were manic state-related increased activity in left dorsal anterior cingulate, and left head of caudate.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The findings suggest that the manic state of bipolar disorder may be associated with heightened activity in a frontal cortical-subcortical neural system that includes the anterior cingulate and caudate.
authors.affiliation: Functional Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, The Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York, USA.
authors.forename: H P
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: Blumberg
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Stern
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Martinez
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ricketts
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: de Asis
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: White
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Epstein
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: McBride
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Eidelberg
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Kocsis
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Silbersweig
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001921:Brain / Q000098:blood supply / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002421:Caudate Nucleus / Q000098:blood supply / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002560:Cerebrovascular Circulation; D003071:Cognition; D015986:Confounding Factors, Epidemiologic; D004292:Dominance, Cerebral; D005260:Female; D006179:Gyrus Cinguli / Q000098:blood supply / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D014055:Tomography, Emission-Computed