title: Middle ear effusions after radiotherapy: correlation with pre-radiotherapy nasopharyngeal tumor patterns.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to assess whether pretreatment tumor patterns of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) can predict the status of the middle ear after radiation treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  Pretreatment and follow-up magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed in 32 patients (64 ears) who had radiation therapy for NPC. For the purpose of analysis, the ears were placed into their pre-radiation therapy tumor pattern groups and the presence of middle ear effusion (MEE) with regard to eustachian tube (ET) invasion or displacement was identified.
  
  
  RESULTS
  MEEs were present in 31 (48.4%) ears after radiation therapy. All of the MEEs that resolved were in the preradiation therapy groups where tumor invasion of the eustachian tube was present irrespective of the amount of ET displacement. There was, however, no significant difference for resolved MEEs between ears with ET invasion or displacement (p = 0.32 and p = 0.71, respectively, Fisher's exact test). The MEEs occurred with significantly greater frequency in ears with minor ET displacement than in those with major ET displacement (p = 0.013, Fisher's exact test) as well as in previously normal ears compared with other groups (p = 0.008, Mann-Whitney U test).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A pre-radiation therapy NPC tumor pattern was not found that clearly predicted the outcome of MEE after radiation treatment. The findings, however, suggest that approximately one third of MEEs in patients with invasion of ET or paratubal structures, irrespective of the amount of ET displacement, resolve after therapy. The MEEs that were present in ears with ET displacement and no invasion did not resolve despite reversal of the displacement after treatment, which suggests that ET position plays a less important role than invasion in the resolution of MEE. It is, however, difficult to be certain, because ears with invasion were invariably associated with ET displacement, and the contribution of radiation therapy to the development of MEE further complicates the issue.
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Organ Imaging, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kew
authors.forename: A D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: King
authors.forename: S F
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Leung
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Tong
authors.forename: P K
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Ku
authors.forename: K K
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: van Hasselt
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D005064:Eustachian Tube / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009303:Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D010034:Otitis Media with Effusion / Q000209:etiology*; D011832:Radiation Injuries; D011878:Radiotherapy / Q000009:adverse effects*; D013997:Time Factors