title: Augmented response in plasma brain natriuretic peptide to dynamic exercise in patients with left ventricular dysfunction and congestive heart failure.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We have previously demonstrated that patients with symptomatic congestive heart failure (CHF), but not with asymptomatic left ventricular dysfunction (LVD), have augmented plasma atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) response to exercise. Plasma brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) response to exercise is less extensively studied. The aim of this study was to determine whether responses of plasma BNP during exercise normalized for exercise workload are altered in patients with LVD and CHF.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-nine patients with LVD, 32 patients with CHF (NYHA classes II-III) and 27 age-matched control subjects were studied. Ventilatory, plasma ANP and BNP responses were assessed during symptom-limited cardiopulmonary exercise testing. Plasma natriuretic peptide levels were measured at rest and immediately after peak exercise. The increment in plasma BNP was divided by the increment in oxygen uptake (VO2) from rest to peak exercise, and this ratio [BNP exercise ratio: (peak BNP - rest BNP)/(peak VO2 - rest VO2)] was compared amongst the three groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Peak VO2 (Control, LVD and CHF: 28.2 +/- 1.7, 21.1 +/- 1.8, 16.2 +/- 0.6 ml, min(-1) kg(-1), respectively), anaerobic threshold and peak workload became smaller as heart failure worsened. Resting and peak plasma ANP levels were significantly higher only in CHF, whilst resting and peak plasma BNP levels displayed a significant and continuous increase from normal subjects to LVD and CHF. The ANP exercise ratio (1.25 +/- 0.36, 2.61 +/- 0.57, 7.72 +/- 1.65, ANOVA P = 0.0002) was significantly higher only in patients with CHF, whilst the BNP exercise ratio (0.35 +/- 0.10, 2.60 +/- 0.69, 4.98 +/- 0.97, ANOVA P = 0.0001) was significantly higher in patients with LVD and became progressively higher in patients with CHF.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data showed that the BNP exercise ratio, an exercise plasma BNP response normalized with exercise workload, was augmented in patients with LVD, and became progressively higher in CHF, suggesting that an augmented exercise BNP ratio exists early in the course of developing CHF.
authors.affiliation: 1st Department of Internal Medicine, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago, Japan.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kato
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kinugawa
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ogino
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Endo
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Osaki
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Igawa
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Hisatome
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Shigemasa
mesh_terms: D015308:Anaerobic Threshold; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D009320:Atrial Natriuretic Factor / Q000097:blood; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D018450:Disease Progression; D004734:Energy Metabolism; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D005080:Exercise Test; D005260:Female; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000097:blood* / Q000145:classification / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020097:Natriuretic Peptide, Brain / Q000097:blood*; D010101:Oxygen Consumption; D012146:Rest / Q000502:physiology; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D018487:Ventricular Dysfunction, Left / Q000097:blood* / Q000145:classification / Q000503:physiopathology*
chemical_list: D020097:Natriuretic Peptide, Brain; D009320:Atrial Natriuretic Factor