title: Secular trends in dietary macronutrient intake in Minneapolis-St, Paul, Minnesota, 1980-1992.
abstract: Trends in dietary macronutrient intake were evaluated in population-based surveys conducted in adults aged 25-74 years in 1980-1982, 1985-1987, and 1990-1992 in the seven-county Minneapolis-St. Paul metropolitan area. A 24-hour dietary recall (n = 6,499) was completed by a random 50% sample. The authors obtained energy intake for each macronutrient (protein, carbohydrate, fat, saturated fat, monounsaturated fat, polyunsaturated fat, and alcohol). Tine trends for percentage of total energy were analyzed using a generalized linear mixed model. While energy intake remained stable over time, macronutrient composition changed substantially. In 1980-1982, the caloric distribution for men comprised 15.8% protein, 39.4% fat, 40.9% carbohydrate, and 3.9% alcohol; similar findings were observed in women (15.7% protein, 38.9% fat, 43% carbohydrate, and 2.4% alcohol). From 1980 to 1992, total fat intake decreased 4.7% in men and 4.9% in women (p < 0.001). The decline was greatest for monounsaturated fat, although saturated and polyunsaturated fat intake also fell. During this same period, carbohydrate intake increased 5.7% and 5.8% in men and women, respectively (p < 0.001). Alcohol intake decreased in men and women (p < 0.01), while protein intake remained stable. In summary, the Minneapolis-St. Paul metropolitan area diet shifted substantially during the 1980s toward more carbohydrate and lower fat and alcohol intake.
authors.affiliation: Division of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis 55454-1015, USA. arnett@epi.umn.edu
authors.forename: D K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Arnett
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Xiong
authors.forename: P G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: McGovern
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Blackburn
authors.forename: R V
authors.initials: RV
authors.lastname: Luepker
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D015992:Body Mass Index; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004034:Diet Surveys; D004522:Educational Status; D002149:Energy Intake; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011939:Mental Recall; D008875:Middle Aged; D008910:Minnesota; D017678:Sex Distribution; D014505:Urban Population