title: Intranasal midazolam as an alternative to general anaesthesia in the management of children with oral and maxillofacial trauma.
abstract: The study assessed the dosage, clinical sedative effect, and safety of intranasal midazolam in 32 children. Data were complete for 29 patients (21 with lacerations and 8 cases of dental trauma). Sedation was adequate to ensure successful completion of treatment under local with or without topical anaesthetic in 22 of the 29 cases (76%). They became sedated at a mean (SD) of 14 (5) minutes, with completion of treatment at 20 (13) minutes. Sedation was achieved with a mean (SD) of 5 (2)mg of midazolam. There were no signs of respiratory depression or of oxygen desaturation below 94% on pulse oximetry. No supplemental oxygen was required and there were no other complications. We conclude that intranasal midazolam is a safe and effective alternative to general anaesthesia in the definitive treatment of children with oral and maxillofacial injuries.
authors.affiliation: Specialist Registrar, North Wales Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Training Programme, Glan Clwyd District General Hospital, Rhyl, North Wales, UK.
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Lloyd
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Alredy
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Lowry
mesh_terms: D000281:Administration, Intranasal; D000766:Anesthesia, Dental / Q000379:methods*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D016292:Procedural Sedation / Q000379:methods; D005151:Facial Injuries / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008874:Midazolam / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D018677:Tooth Injuries / Q000601:surgery*
chemical_list: D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives; D008874:Midazolam