title: Xenopus Hand2 expression marks anterior vascular progenitors but not the developing heart.
abstract: We have isolated cDNAs encoding the bHLH protein Hand2 in the amphibian Xenopus laevis and analysed Hand2 expression in early development from the onset of gastrulation to feeding tadpole stages. XHand2 is expressed in the branchial arch mesenchyme and also in small bilateral populations of cells in the anterior, ventrolateral region of early tailbud embryos. At later stages, these punctate Hand2-expressing cells are located at the sites of the forming common cardinal veins, suggesting that they may constitute progenitors of vascular smooth muscle cells. Other Hand2-expressing cells are also associated with further components of the forming anterior vasculature but are not detected in mature blood vessels. Interestingly, no myocardial expression of XHand2 can be detected in the developing tadpole heart, in marked contrast to results obtained with chick and mouse embryos.
authors.affiliation: Division of Developmental Biology, National Institute for Medical Research, The Ridgeway, Mill Hill, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kotecha
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Towers
authors.forename: T J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Mohun
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D051792:Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Proteins; D001808:Blood Vessels / Q000166:cytology / Q000196:embryology* / Q000378:metabolism; D001934:Branchial Region / Q000196:embryology / Q000378:metabolism; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D018076:DNA, Complementary / Q000032:analysis / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006321:Heart / Q000196:embryology*; D017403:In Situ Hybridization; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000378:metabolism*; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D029867:Xenopus Proteins; D014982:Xenopus laevis / Q000196:embryology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000254:growth & development; D029961:Zebrafish Proteins
chemical_list: D051792:Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Proteins; D018076:DNA, Complementary; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D014157:Transcription Factors; D029867:Xenopus Proteins; D029961:Zebrafish Proteins; C498768:Hand2 protein, Xenopus; C410915:hand2 protein, zebrafish