title: Inhalation provocation tests in chronic bird fancier's lung.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Patients with chronic bird fancier's lung (BFL) can be classified into two types. One group of patients develops chronic disease with fluctuating acute episodes, including low-grade fever, mild exertional dyspnea, and cough (fluctuating chronic BFL; formerly termed recurrent and relapsing chronic BFL). The other group of patients shows no history of acute episodes (insidious chronic BFL). The diagnosis of chronic BFL is difficult, since the onset of chronic BFL may be insidious, with few if any symptoms during the early stages of the disease process.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To attempt to diagnose the conditions of these patients more precisely, inhalation provocation tests were conducted using avian dropping extracts.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective chart review.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Tokyo Medical and Dental University Hospital in Japan.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eleven patients with chronic BFL (6 with fluctuating chronic BFL and 5 with insidious chronic BFL) and 6 control subjects (4 asymptomatic bird owners and 2 idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis patients) were evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Inhalation provocation tests using avian dropping extracts were conducted. All BFL patients were evaluated as positive or probable by inhalation challenge, whereas control subjects were evaluated as negative. A peripheral leukocytosis, an increase of alveolar-arterial oxygen pressure difference, an increase of body temperature, and the development of respiratory symptoms including cough and dyspnea were more frequently observed in chronic BFL patients than in control subjects. All the BFL patients had an increase in neutrophils in BAL fluids following inhalation challenge.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We validated the utility of inhalation challenge for the diagnosis of chronic BFL, including fluctuating and insidious BFL. We also demonstrated that neutrophilia in BAL fluids following inhalation challenge could be added to the diagnostic criteria for chronic BFL.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ohtani
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kojima
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sumi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sawada
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Inase
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Miyake
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yoshizawa
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000485:Allergens; D001716:Bird Fancier's Lung / Q000145:classification / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology; D001831:Body Temperature / Q000502:physiology; D001985:Bronchial Provocation Tests / Q000379:methods; D001992:Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid / Q000166:cytology; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D002908:Chronic Disease; D003371:Cough / Q000503:physiopathology; D018450:Disease Progression; D004417:Dyspnea / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D005334:Fever / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D007964:Leukocytosis / Q000175:diagnosis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000473:pathology; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011312:Pressure; D011658:Pulmonary Fibrosis / Q000175:diagnosis; D011659:Pulmonary Gas Exchange / Q000502:physiology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric
chemical_list: D000485:Allergens