title: Sustained induction of heme oxygenase-1 in the traumatized spinal cord.
abstract: Oxidative stress contributes to secondary injury after spinal cord trauma. Among the consequences of oxidative stress is the induction of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), an inducible isozyme that metabolizes heme to iron, biliverdin, and carbon monoxide. Here we examine the induction of HO-1 in the hemisected spinal cord, a model that results in reproducible degeneration in the ipsilateral white matter. HO-1 was induced in microglia and macrophages from 24 h to at least 42 days after injury. Within the first week after injury, HO-1 was induced in both the gray and the white matter. Thereafter, HO-1 expression was limited to degenerating fiber tracts. HSP70, a heat shock protein induced mainly by the presence of denatured proteins, was consistently colocalized with HO-1 in the microglia and macrophages. This study to demonstrates long-term induction of HO-1 and HSP70 in microglia and macrophages after traumatic injury and an association between induction of HO-1 and Wallerian degeneration. White matter degeneration is characterized by phagocytosis of cellular debris and remodeling of surviving tissue. This results in the metabolism, synthesis, and turnover of heme and heme proteins. Thus, sustained induction of HO-1 and HSP70 in microglia and macrophages suggests that tissue degeneration is an ongoing process, lasting 6 weeks and perhaps even longer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California, 94143, USA.
authors.forename: A E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Mautes
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bergeron
authors.forename: F R
authors.initials: FR
authors.lastname: Sharp
authors.forename: S S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Panter
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Weinzierl
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Guenther
authors.forename: L J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Noble
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000870:Anterior Horn Cells / Q000737:chemistry / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology; D001253:Astrocytes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000201:enzymology; D001369:Axons / Q000737:chemistry / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology; D018840:HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D006419:Heme Oxygenase (Decyclizing) / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D051547:Heme Oxygenase-1; D008264:Macrophages / Q000737:chemistry / Q000201:enzymology*; D008297:Male; D017628:Microglia / Q000737:chemistry / Q000201:enzymology*; D009187:Myelitis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000502:physiology; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013119:Spinal Cord Injuries / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D014855:Wallerian Degeneration / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D018840:HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins; D006419:Heme Oxygenase (Decyclizing); D051547:Heme Oxygenase-1