title: Instruments for monitoring intensive care unit sedation.
abstract: Although many promising objective methods (measuring systems) are available, there are no truly validated instruments for monitoring intensive care unit (ICU) sedation. Auditory evoked potentials can be used only for research in patients with a deep level of sedation. Other measuring systems require further development and validation to be useful in the ICU. Continuing research will provide an objective system to improve the monitoring and controlling of this essential treatment for ICU patients. Subjective methods (scoring systems) that are based on clinical observation have proven their usefulness in guiding sedative therapy. The Glasgow Coma Score modified by Cook and Palma (GCSC) achieves good face validity and reliability, which assures its clinical utility for routine practice and research. Other scales, in particular the Ramsay Scale, can be recommended preferably for clinical use. An accurate use of available instruments can improve the sedative treatment that we deliver to our patients.
authors.affiliation: SCIAS - Hospital de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Carrasco
mesh_terms: D016292:Procedural Sedation / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D003422:Critical Care / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D016903:Drug Monitoring / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods*; D004576:Electromyography; D019317:Evidence-Based Medicine; D005072:Evoked Potentials, Auditory; D015600:Glasgow Coma Scale; D006801:Humans; D009460:Neurologic Examination; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012121:Respiration, Artificial / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D017749:Total Quality Management