title: Adhesion testing of a denture base resin with 5 casting alloys.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study compared denture base resin shear bond strengths to silicoated Au-Pd, Au-Pd-Ag, Au-Ag-Pd-Cu, high-Pd, and Ni-Cr-Be alloys used to fabricate frameworks for hybrid implant prostheses. Microleakage between alloy and resin was also compared among groups after specimen fracture.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twelve cylindrical specimens were cast for each alloy. Each specimen was made from a ring-shaped pattern (diameter [d] = 12 mm and height = 4 mm) and machined to achieve uniform hollow centers (d = 6.5 mm). Castings were abraded with 250-micron aluminum oxide and ultrasonically cleaned in distilled water before silicoating. Denture base resin was processed to the internal surfaces of the silicoated specimens. All specimens were thermocycled (1,000 cycles) between 4 degrees C and 50 degrees C, and placed in basic fuchsin dye for a week. A punch (d = 3.8 mm) driven at a cross-head speed of 0.5 mm/min was used to push out the resin specimens. The force required to cause failure was converted to the nominal shear bond strength for each specimen, and mean shear bond strengths for the 5 groups of specimens (N = 12) were compared using one-way analysis of variance and the Tukey-Kramer HSD multiple range test (alpha = 0.05). Six of the 12 debonded resin samples for each alloy were selected at random and evaluated for dye penetration. Using an 80-square grid, the percentage of dye penetration was evaluated with an optical microscope (x25) to determine the percentage of grid area penetrated by the dye. One-way analysis of variance was used to compare the degree of microleakage among groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean resin-alloy shear bond strengths for the Au-Pd (9.6 +/- 3.7 MPa) and Au-Ag-Pd-Cu (9.2 +/- 1.5 MPa) alloys were significantly greater than mean resin-alloy shear bond strength for the Au-Pd-Ag alloy (5.6 +/- 1.9 MPa). No other significant differences in resin-alloy shear bond strengths were noted among the alloy groups. No significant differences were noted for dye penetration into the resin specimens bonded to any of the 5 alloys. The mean grid area penetrated by the dye was 25% when results for the alloys were pooled.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Alloy type influences the shear bond strength of a denture base resin to silicoated alloys, but no difference in bond strength was found between Au-Pd, Au-Ag-Pd-Cu, high-Pd, and Ni-Cr-Be alloys. In addition, under the conditions of this study, all groups showed a similar degree of microleakage, which penetrated approximately 25% of the bonded specimen surface area.
authors.affiliation: Ohio State University, College of Dentistry, 305 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210-1421, USA. clelland.1@osu.edu
authors.forename: N L
authors.initials: NL
authors.lastname: Clelland
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: van Putten
authors.forename: W A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Brantley
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Knobloch
mesh_terms: D020906:Air Abrasion, Dental; D000537:Aluminum Oxide / Q000737:chemistry; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D002858:Chromium Alloys / Q000737:chemistry; D003300:Copper / Q000737:chemistry; D003722:Dental Alloys / Q000737:chemistry*; D001840:Dental Bonding; D003734:Dental Casting Investment / Q000737:chemistry*; D003819:Denture Bases; D006047:Gold Alloys / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D008422:Materials Testing; D020366:Methylmethacrylate / Q000737:chemistry*; D010165:Palladium / Q000737:chemistry; D012394:Rosaniline Dyes; D012821:Silanes / Q000737:chemistry; D012834:Silver / Q000737:chemistry; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D013499:Surface Properties; D013816:Thermodynamics
chemical_list: D002858:Chromium Alloys; D003722:Dental Alloys; D003734:Dental Casting Investment; D006047:Gold Alloys; D012394:Rosaniline Dyes; D012821:Silanes; D020366:Methylmethacrylate; D012834:Silver; C025485:basic fuchsin; D010165:Palladium; D003300:Copper; D000537:Aluminum Oxide