title: Effect of sepsis and cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass on plasma level of nitric oxide metabolites, neopterin, and procalcitonin: correlation with mortality and postoperative complications.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the hypothesis that nitrite/nitrate, neopterin, and procalcitonin (PCT) levels can be useful predictors of sepsis-associated mortality and predictors of the postoperative complications after cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB).
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective clinical study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Intensive care unit of the Medical University Hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  41 patients with sepsis, 42 patients subjected to open heart surgery with CPB, and 30 healthy volunteers.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Nitrite/nitrate, neopterin, and PCT levels were measured in septic patients as soon as sepsis was recognized and then on the 2nd, 3rd, and 5th days of treatment. Statistically significant differences between survivors and nonsurvivors were found for neopterin and PCT. The area under receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) for both parameters as predictors of mortality was above 0.8. The nitrite/nitrate level was also higher in nonsurvivors, but the AUC remained below 0.8, which indicates poor predictive power. The same parameters were measured in patients undergoing cardiac surgery before, during and after CPB establishment. The development of post-operative complications was correlated with increased postoperative neopterin and PCT levels. Additionally, neopterin was found as an early marker for the prognosis of postoperative complications, since patients who developed organ dysfunction had had elevated concentration of this parameter even before surgery (AUC 0.83). Measurement of NO metabolite levels was less specific and less sensitive.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results confirm the value of PCT and neopterin measurement as diagnostic tools in monitoring the clinical course of patients in intensive care units.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Therapy, Medical University of Wroclaw, Poland.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Adamik
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kübler-Kielb
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Golebiowska
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gamian
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kübler
mesh_terms: D019540:Area Under Curve; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002116:Calcitonin / Q000097:blood*; D015740:Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide; D006348:Cardiac Surgical Procedures; D002315:Cardiopulmonary Bypass; D005260:Female; D006023:Glycoproteins / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019798:Neopterin / Q000097:blood*; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000097:blood*; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000097:blood* / Q000503:physiopathology; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011498:Protein Precursors / Q000097:blood*; D012372:ROC Curve; D018805:Sepsis / Q000097:blood* / Q000401:mortality*; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; C000606589:CALCA protein, human; D006023:Glycoproteins; D011498:Protein Precursors; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D019798:Neopterin; D002116:Calcitonin; D015740:Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide