title: Alternative approaches in off-pump redo coronary artery bypass grafting.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The recent development of off-pump and minimally invasive techniques in coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) has provided the surgeon with multiple options in performing redo revascularization procedures.
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrospectively analyzed our early results in off-pump redo CABG procedures. Between January 1998 and January 2000, we performed 55 off-pump redo CABG procedures: 25 through a full sternotomy, 21 through a left posterolateral thoracotomy, 5 using a lower hemi-sternotomy and 4 using a mini anterior thoracotomy with thoracoscopic internal mammary artery harvesting. The mean age of this group was 67.7 years (range 37-85). The mean number of grafts performed in earlier operations was 2.7 (range 1-6) with 51% of grafts still partially or fully open at the time of re-operation. Twenty-six patients (47.3%) had a functioning left internal mammary artery graft to left anterior descending. Preoperative clinical severity scoring predicted a mortality of 9% and morbidity of 30%.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were no operative or thirty-day infarctions or deaths. Morbidity included pulmonary complications (8), renal failure (1) and bleeding (1) for a total complication rate of 18.9%. The average number of grafts performed was 2.7 (range 1-5) for sternotomy patients and 1.4 (range 1-3) for thoracotomy patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  By employing alternative approaches in performing off-pump redo CABG procedures, the surgeon can often avoid injury to pre-existing patent internal mammary grafts as well as the morbidity associated with the use of cardiopulmonary bypass.
authors.affiliation: Pensacola Heart Institute, 5147 North Ninth Avenue, Suite 401, Pensacola, Florida 32504, USA. Vassiliades@pol.ne
authors.forename: T A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Vassiliades
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Nielsen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D047549:Coronary Artery Bypass, Off-Pump / Q000379:methods*; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019060:Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013908:Thoracotomy; D016896:Treatment Outcome