title: The impact of laparoscopy and laparoscopic ultrasonography on the management of pancreatic cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Laparoscopy and laparoscopic ultrasonographic (LAPUS) examinations combined with a biopsy of the pancreatic lesion contribute significantly in the determination of resectability of pancreatic cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective evaluation of the impact of laparoscopy and LAPUS on surgical decision making in patients with pancreatic cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  A general community hospital; the department of surgery serves as referral for pancreatic surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  During a 36-month period, 94 patients with pancreatic lesions were prospectively examined. Twenty-seven patients were found to have advanced disease. The remaining 67 patients were examined by laparoscopy and LAPUS to determine the resectability of the pancreatic tumor.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Laparoscopy and LAPUS contributed new, additional data in 40 patients (60%). Advanced disease was found in 30 patients, precluding curative resection. The study indicated potentially resectable tumors in 37 patients (55%), including 3 defined by conventional imaging studies as probably unresectable, and these patients were operated on with the intention of curative resection. Thirty-three patients underwent resection, and 4 (6%) were found to have nonresectable disease and form the false-positive group of the study. A summary of the results shows that the study resulted in a change of the decision regarding surgical intervention in 24 patients (36%) and avoided unnecessary laparotomies in 21 (31%). The study had a sensitivity of 100%, a specificity of 88%, and a false-positive rate of 6%. The positive predictive value of the study is 89%, and the negative predictive value is 100%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although rather invasive procedures that require general anesthesia and hospitalization, laparoscopy and LAPUS significantly contribute to the staging of patients with potentially resectable pancreatic cancer, avoiding unnecessary explorative laparotomies. These procedures should be performed in all patients with potentially resectable pancreatic cancer before explorative laparotomy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery "A," E. Wolfson Medical Center, Holon 58100, Israel. nir-sc@inter.net.il
authors.forename: P P
authors.initials: PP
authors.lastname: Schachter
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Avni
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shimonov
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gvirtz
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rosen
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Czerniak
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D010535:Laparoscopy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011300:Preoperative Care; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D018084:Ultrasonography, Interventional