title: Induced expression of Rnd3 is associated with transformation of polarized epithelial cells by the Raf-MEK-extracellular signal-regulated kinase pathway.
abstract: Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) epithelial cells transformed by oncogenic Ras and Raf exhibit cell multilayering and alterations in the actin cytoskeleton. The changes in the actin cytoskeleton comprise a loss of actin stress fibers and enhanced cortical actin. Using MDCK cells expressing a conditionally active form of Raf, we have explored the molecular mechanisms that underlie these observations. Raf activation elicited a robust increase in Rac1 activity consistent with the observed increase in cortical actin. Loss of actin stress fibers is indicative of attenuated Rho function, but no change in Rho-GTP levels was detected following Raf activation. However, the loss of actin stress fibers in Raf-transformed cells was preceded by the induced expression of Rnd3, an endogenous inhibitor of Rho protein function. Expression of Rnd3 alone at levels equivalent to those observed following Raf transformation led to a substantial loss of actin stress fibers. Moreover, cells expressing activated RhoA failed to multilayer in response to Raf. Pharmacological inhibition of MEK activation prevented all of the biological and biochemical changes described above. Consequently, the data are consistent with a role for induced Rnd3 expression downstream of the Raf-MEK-extracellular signal-regulated kinase pathway in epithelial oncogenesis.
authors.affiliation: Cancer Research Institute and Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California San Francisco Cancer Center, San Francisco, California 94143, USA. hansen@bbri.org
authors.forename: S H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Hansen
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Zegers
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Woodrow
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rodriguez-Viciana
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Chardin
authors.forename: K E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Mostov
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: McMahon
mesh_terms: D000199:Actins / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D015153:Blotting, Western; D015820:Cadherins / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D002458:Cell Fractionation; D002460:Cell Line; D016764:Cell Polarity; D002471:Cell Transformation, Neoplastic; D003599:Cytoskeleton / Q000378:metabolism; D004285:Dogs; D004440:Ecdysone / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism*; D004965:Estrogen Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D007365:Intercellular Junctions; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D011233:Precipitin Tests; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D019908:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-raf / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D013629:Tamoxifen / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D020741:rho GTP-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000199:Actins; D015820:Cadherins; D004965:Estrogen Antagonists; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; C417771:ponesterone A; D013629:Tamoxifen; C016601:afimoxifene; D004440:Ecdysone; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D019908:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-raf; D020741:rho GTP-Binding Proteins