title: Effect of highly active antiretroviral therapy on the incidence of bacterial pneumonia in HIV-infected subjects.
abstract: The aim of the study was to assess the incidence of hospital and community acquired bacterial pneumonia in HIV-infected subjects prior to and after the introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). We studied 266 patients with bacterial pneumonia over two separate periods, 154 in the first period and 112 in the second period. A statistically significant difference in the incidence of bacterial pneumonia in the two study periods was observed ranging from 13.1 to 8.5 episodes per 100 persons. The incidence of community-acquired bacterial pneumonia decreased from 10.7 to 7.7 (P=0.01), while that of nosocomial episodes decreased from 2.4 to 0.8 episodes (P=0.003). Low levels of peripheral CD(4+) cells (<100/mm(3)) and intravenous drug abuse (IVDA) were significantly associated with the development of community-acquired bacterial pneumonia, while an increasing value of APACHE III score and prolonged hospitalisation increased the risk of nosocomial bacterial pneumonia in both study periods.
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Diseases, Catholic University, L.go A. Gemelli, 8, 00168, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: de Gaetano Donati
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bertagnolio
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tumbarello
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Tacconelli
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cataldo
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Longo
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Cauda
mesh_terms: D017088:AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections / Q000453:epidemiology*; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D023241:Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000382:microbiology; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D018410:Pneumonia, Bacterial / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents