title: Characterization of cells collected from the normal human ocular surface by contact lens cytology.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In this investigation, we characterized cells collected from the normal human ocular surface using contact lens cytology (CLC).
  
  
  METHODS
  Cells were characterized over the course of a day in three different ways. In experiment 1, we collected samples from 10 subjects six times during 1 day. Cell viability was determined by a calcein-ethidium assay. The same collection methods were used in experiment 2, but cell types were identified by fluorescent probes AE5 (corneal epithelium), AE1, AE3 (all epithelium), and T200 (all inflammatory cells). In experiment 3, cells were collected from five subjects two times in 1 day and characterized by fluorescent probes CD3 (T cells) and CD19 (B cells). For morning samples, we used an HLA-DR probe and transmission electron microscopy to examine the inflammatory activation of collected cells.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found viable and nonviable cells in all CLC samples, as well as an intermediate cell type that stained with both calcein and ethidium. There was a diurnal variation in cell numbers over the course of I day in viability and cell type assays, with greater cell numbers collected in the morning and evening, and fewest at midday. In the late afternoon and evening, there was an increase in corneal epithelial cell counts. There were more inflammatory cells in morning collections that included polymorphonuclear cells (PMNs). Many of these were HLA-DR+ and actively phagocytic, reflecting the immune activation of cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The ocular surface is a dynamic environment characterized by cyclical shedding of the epithelium and active monitoring by immune cells.
authors.affiliation: School of Optometry, Indiana University, Bloomington 47405, USA.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: C G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Begley
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wright
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tokarski
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D018941:Antigens, CD19 / Q000032:analysis; D017252:CD3 Complex / Q000032:analysis; D002470:Cell Survival; D002940:Circadian Rhythm; D003261:Contact Lenses; D003584:Cytological Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D019573:Epithelium, Corneal / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D005260:Female; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D006684:HLA-DR Antigens / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012016:Reference Values
chemical_list: D018941:Antigens, CD19; D017252:CD3 Complex; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D006684:HLA-DR Antigens