title: Association of respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis with the interleukin 8 gene region in UK families.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infects nearly all children by the end of their second winter. Why some develop bronchiolitis is poorly understood; it is not known whether there is a genetic component. The pathological features include neutrophil infiltration and high levels of interleukin 8 (IL-8), a potent neutrophil chemoattractant.
  
  
  METHODS
  Common genetic variants of the promoter region of the IL-8 gene were identified by sequencing DNA from 36 healthy individuals. Genetic correlates of IL-8 production were assessed using whole blood from 50 healthy subjects. To investigate genetic correlates of disease severity 117 nuclear families were recruited in which a child had required hospital admission for RSV bronchiolitis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A common single nucleotide polymorphism (allele frequency 0.44) was identified 251 bp upstream of the IL-8 transcription start site. The IL8-251A allele tended to be associated with increased IL-8 production by lipopolysaccharide stimulated whole blood (p=0.07). Using the transmission disequilibrium test, the frequency of this allele was significantly increased in infants with bronchiolitis (transmission = 62% (95% confidence interval (CI) 53 to 71), p=0.014) and particularly in those without known risk factors (transmission = 78% (95% CI 62 to 93), p=0.004).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Disease severity following RSV infection appears to be determined by a genetic factor close to the IL-8 gene. Further analysis of this effect may elucidate causal processes in the pathogenesis of RSV bronchiolitis.
authors.affiliation: University Department of Paediatrics, Level 4, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU. jhull@molbiol.ox.ac.uk
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hull
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Thomson
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kwiatkowski
mesh_terms: D000483:Alleles; D001988:Bronchiolitis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000821:virology; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D018357:Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D016209:Interleukin-8