title: The genetic legacy of Paleolithic Homo sapiens sapiens in extant Europeans: a Y chromosome perspective.
abstract: A genetic perspective of human history in Europe was derived from 22 binary markers of the nonrecombining Y chromosome (NRY). Ten lineages account for >95% of the 1007 European Y chromosomes studied. Geographic distribution and age estimates of alleles are compatible with two Paleolithic and one Neolithic migratory episode that have contributed to the modern European gene pool. A significant correlation between the NRY haplotype data and principal components based on 95 protein markers was observed, indicating the effectiveness of NRY binary polymorphisms in the characterization of human population composition and history.
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Genetica e Microbiologia, Università di Pavia, Via Ferrata 1, 27100 Pavia, Italy. semino@ipvgen.univp.it
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Semino
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Passarino
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Oefner
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Arbuzova
authors.forename: L E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Beckman
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: De Benedictis
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Francalacci
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kouvatsi
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Limborska
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Marcikiae
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mika
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Mika
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Primorac
authors.forename: A S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Santachiara-Benerecetti
authors.forename: L L
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Cavalli-Sforza
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Underhill
mesh_terms: D000483:Alleles; D000885:Anthropology, Physical; D002980:Climate; D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial / Q000235:genetics; D004641:Emigration and Immigration; D005060:Europe; D005260:Female; D005788:Gene Pool; D005819:Genetic Markers; D005828:Genetics, Population; D049690:History, Ancient; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008877:Middle East; D014998:Y Chromosome
chemical_list: D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial; D005819:Genetic Markers