Steady adiabatic state: its thermodynamics, entropy production, energy dissipation, and violation of onsager relations
A class of statistical systems is considered where different degrees of freedom have well-separated characteristic times, and are described by different temperatures. The stationary state is a nonequilibrium state with a heat flow. A generalized statistical thermodynamics is constructed and a universal variational principle is proposed. Entropy production and energy dissipation occur at a constant rate. To leading order in the small ratio of the characteristic times, there exists a universal relation between them. Onsager relations in the context of heat transfer are also considered. They are always broken, except close to equilibrium.
Allahverdyan
AE
Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Amsterdam, Valckenierstraat 65, 1018 XE Amsterdam, The Netherlands and Yerevan Physics Institute, Alikhanian Brothers Street 2, Yerevan 375036, Armenia.
Nieuwenhuizen
TM