title: An epidemiological study to establish the prevalence of urinary symptoms and felt need in the community: the Leicestershire MRC Incontinence Study. Leicestershire MRC Incontinence Study Team.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of the study was to establish the prevalence of urinary symptoms and felt need in adults. This paper discusses problems with setting thresholds to distinguish cases from non-cases in this field of research. Few studies have provided detailed age- and sex-specific prevalence estimates for felt need in relation to urinary symptoms.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional postal survey was carried out of 15,904 community-dwelling adults aged 40 years or more registered with general practitioners in Leicestershire. Subjects were selected randomly by household from the Leicestershire Health Authority Register. The postal questionnaire consisted of questions on general health, urinary and bowel symptoms, quality of life, service use and demographic characteristics.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirty-four per cent of the sample reported clinically significant symptoms. The prevalence and severity of symptoms increased with age. However, only 2 per cent of the sample reported symptoms that were clinically significant, bothersome and socially disabling.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Urinary symptoms are very common in adults over 40 years of age living in the community. However, symptom-based estimates probably overestimate the level of need for health care in the community. It may be more effective and efficient to target services, in the first instance, on those people who report clinically significant symptoms that are bothersome or socially disabling. A consensus on thresholds and definitions of urinary symptoms is required to standardize clinical and research work and to target services more appropriately.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Leicester. sip1@leicester.ac.uk
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Perry
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Shaw
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Assassa
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Dallosso
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: K R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Brittain
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Mensah
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Clarke
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Jagger
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mayne
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Castleden
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: McGrother
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004056:Differential Threshold; D004739:England / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020380:Needs Assessment / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011177:Postal Service; D015995:Prevalence; D011788:Quality of Life; D020377:Self Efficacy; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014549:Urinary Incontinence / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology