title: Corticotropin-releasing hormone and arginine vasopressin: mRNA and secretion are differentially regulated according to the pattern of exposure to noradrenaline in rat hypothalamic neurones.
abstract: Hypothalamic corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) and arginine vasopressin (AVP) are secreted from the median eminence in a pulsatile manner and regulated by noradrenaline during stress. This study investigated the effect of pulsatile noraderanaline on CRH/AVP mRNAs and secretion. Foetal hypothalamic neurones were cultured on plastic coverslips, inserted into perifusion chambers and noraderanaline pulses given at various doses or pulse intervals for 24 h. CRH and AVP release rose in a dose dependant manner; however, maximal increases in mRNAs were seen with an intermediate noraderanaline pulse dose. The effect of noraderanaline pulse frequency was determined by giving noraderanaline pulses at intervals of 15-120 min vs continuous noraderanaline. Both pulsatile and continuous noraderanaline increased CRH and AVP release, but secretion was reduced after 22 h of treatment in the continuous noraderanaline and rapid pulse groups. CRH mRNA levels were maximally increased by medium interval pulses and AVP mRNA by rapid interval pulses. Neither CRH nor AVP mRNAs were stimulated by continuous noraderanaline. To determine noraderanaline specificity, pulses of veratridine (VER; 15-120 min intervals) vs continuous VER were examined. Only pulsatile VER increased CRH and AVP mRNAs, with maximal effects seen with the 60 min pulse interval for both. Thus, noraderanaline pulse pattern regulates CRH and AVP gene expression in both a coordinate and differential manner. Since noraderanaline plays an important role during stress, the pattern of noraderanaline signals may be critical to the observed changes in CRH and AVP expression.
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia Health Science Center, Charlottesville 22908, USA. djh2q@virginia.edu
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Haisenleder
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001127:Arginine Vasopressin / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D003346:Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects; D006706:Homeostasis; D007031:Hypothalamus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D009474:Neurons / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D009638:Norepinephrine / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology; D010507:Periodicity; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D014701:Veratridine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D012333:RNA, Messenger; D001127:Arginine Vasopressin; D014701:Veratridine; D003346:Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone; D009638:Norepinephrine