title: Early fetal obstructive uropathy produces Potter's syndrome in the lamb.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  If creating an obstructive uropathy early in glomerulogenesis produces MCDK (Multicystic Dysplastic Kidney), then a very early obstruction may produce Potter's Syndrome (PS) with oligohydramnios.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fetal lambs at 50 days' gestation underwent urethral and urachal ligation using fine SILASTIC (Dow Corning, Midland, MI) tubing and were delivered by cesarean section at 145 days' gestation. At the time of death, kidney weight, length, and lung volumes were measured. These samples were examined histologically. Urinary sodium, chloride, potassium, and osmolarity also were measured. These were compared with normal-term fetuses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One ewe miscarried. Two of 3 of 50-day obstructive uropathy lambs survived. The 2 survivors had dysplastic kidneys. One with large gastroschisis did not have PS but the other had renal, pulmonary, and chest wall hypoplasia. Both male lambs had undescended testes with a large bladder. Kidney weights were 2 g in the PS lamb and 16 g in controls. Lung volume was 84 mL in the PS lamb and 340 mL in controls. The lamb's face was compressed and the fetus was hydropic. Urine sodium, potassium, and osmolarity levels were higher than that of controls.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This is the first successful model ligating the penile urethra and urachus in a 50-day lamb. The authors' previous 60-day model did not have PS, but an earlier obstructive uropathy caused MCDK with PS.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, St Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kitagawa
authors.forename: K C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Pringle
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zucollo
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Koike
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nakada
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Moriya
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Seki
mesh_terms: D000015:Abnormalities, Multiple / Q000209:etiology*; D000818:Animals; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005145:Face / Q000002:abnormalities*; D005260:Female; D005315:Fetal Diseases / Q000196:embryology*; D005865:Gestational Age; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007668:Kidney / Q000473:pathology*; D008168:Lung / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D009666:Nose / Q000002:abnormalities*; D016104:Oligohydramnios / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology*; D009929:Organ Size; D011247:Pregnancy; D011270:Pregnancy, Animal; D012016:Reference Values; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012756:Sheep; D013577:Syndrome; D014517:Ureteral Obstruction / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000196:embryology