title: Determination of pesticides in soil samples by supercritical fluid chromatography-atmospheric pressure chemical ionisation mass spectrometric detection.
abstract: This paper presents an analytical technique for the determination of pesticides in soil by packed-column supercritical fluid chromatography interfaced with atmospheric pressure chemical ionisation mass spectrometry (pSFC-APCI-MS). The technique provides a versatile method for the detection and quantification of pesticides belonging to three different commonly used classes, triazines (ametryne, atrazine), carbamates (carbofuran) and sulfonylureas (chlorsulfuron, metsulfuron methyl and benzsulfuron methyl). The APCI mass spectra for all the pesticides studied consisted of protonated molecule ions as the most abundant ion at low cone voltages, except for metsulfuron methyl and benzsulfuron methyl, which gave a fragment ion as the most abundant ion with the protonated molecule ion at low intensity. Increasing the cone voltage provided informative fragmentation patterns for all species. The technique shows good linearity over the concentration range of 0.1-50 micrograms ml-1, with r2 values as follows: atrazine 0.997, ametryne 0.995, carbofuran 0.999, benzsulfuron methyl 0.999, chlorsulfuron 0.995 and metsulfuron methyl 0.997. The detection limits in the selected ion mode were atrazine 201, ametryne 144 and carbofuran 385 pg, which were calculated by using the standard solution, and benzsulfuron methyl 2.045, chlorsulfuron 1.435 and metsulfuron methyl 2.414 ng, which were determined by using spiked soil samples. The pSFC-MS system was shown to have a high degree of reproducibility. The technique was then applied to the determination of the above pesticides in soil samples. The results obtained show that there is no matrix effect from the soil and that the detection limits for all pesticides in soil were similar to those found for the standard solutions.
authors.affiliation: School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, UK.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Dost
authors.forename: D C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Auerbach
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Davidson
mesh_terms: D002852:Chromatography, Ion Exchange; D013058:Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods; D010575:Pesticides / Q000032:analysis*; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D010575:Pesticides; D012989:Soil Pollutants