title: Large-scale synthesis of peptides.
abstract: Recent advances in the areas of formulation and delivery have rekindled the interest of the pharmaceutical community in peptides as drug candidates, which, in turn, has provided a challenge to the peptide industry to develop efficient methods for the manufacture of relatively complex peptides on scales of up to metric tons per year. This article focuses on chemical synthesis approaches for peptides, and presents an overview of the methods available and in use currently, together with a discussion of scale-up strategies. Examples of the different methods are discussed, together with solutions to some specific problems encountered during scale-up development. Finally, an overview is presented of issues common to all manufacturing methods, i.e., methods used for the large-scale purification and isolation of final bulk products and regulatory considerations to be addressed during scale-up of processes to commercial levels.
authors.affiliation: PolyPeptide Laboratories (Sweden) AB, Malmo, Sweden.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Andersson
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Blomberg
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Flegel
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lepsa
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Nilsson
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Verlander
mesh_terms: D000596:Amino Acids / Q000737:chemistry; D004777:Environment; D005449:Fluorenes / Q000737:chemistry; D005563:Formic Acid Esters / Q000737:chemistry; D008420:Manufactured Materials; D010455:Peptides / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000191:economics / Q000592:standards
chemical_list: D000596:Amino Acids; D005449:Fluorenes; D005563:Formic Acid Esters; C016456:N(alpha)-fluorenylmethyloxycarbonylamino acids; D010455:Peptides; C000345:t-butyloxycarbonyl group