title: Orcein-picroindigocarmine--a new multiple stain.
abstract: A new "orcein-picroindigocarmine staining", a colour combination of orcein, indigo carmine, and picric acid, was developed for histological applications. The new technique was tested on different human tissues. Colours ranging from red to brown, yellow, green and blue were observed in paraffine sections of tissues stained by this method. Nuclear structures in all tissues were stained dark brown to dark blue. Squamous epithelium was stained light brown with varying shades of blue in upper horny layers, whereas the ciliated epithelium was tinged blue grey. When connective tissue was stained, collagen fibrils appeared strongly blue next to elastic fibres, which took on a rust brown tinge; cellular components were all coloured brown. The matrix of hyaline cartilage was stained in different shades of blue, with the chondrocytes rust brown. Sections of bone components appeared dark blue to dark green. Skeletal muscle cells were coloured yellow and green with blue collagenous septa. The new staining is useful for distinguishing connective tissue components such as elastic fibres and collagen fibrils. It also demonstrates chondrocytes in favourable contrast to the cartilage matrix. The technique produces aesthetic staining colouring that could supplement histological investigations and provide an alternative to other staining materials.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, Christian Albrecht University, Kiel, Germany. psteven@gmx.de
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Steven
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Paulsen
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Tillmann
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003116:Color; D004396:Coloring Agents; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007203:Indigo Carmine; D007830:Larynx / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D008297:Male; D008853:Microscopy; D008875:Middle Aged; D010078:Oxazines; D010851:Picrates; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012867:Skin / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D013194:Staining and Labeling / Q000379:methods*; D014059:Tongue / Q000033:anatomy & histology
chemical_list: D004396:Coloring Agents; D010078:Oxazines; D010851:Picrates; C002313:PAcein; C005858:picric acid; D007203:Indigo Carmine