title: Charges for maternity services: associations with provider type and payer source in a university teaching hospital.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Considerable evidence exists that payer status influences the type and cost of services provided. If payer status influences care, consumers may receive differential care secondary to presence and type of payer. This study examines the effect of payer status on certified nurse-midwives (CNMs) and obstetricians (OBs), correcting for methodologic problems that have been noted in previous studies.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Participants were 715 low-risk pregnant women seen in the CNM or OB practice in a university hospital service. All billed charges from the initial prenatal visit through two months postpartum were compared by payer. Charges by provider were also examined to determine the presence of differential payer effect. Unexpectedly, charges by payer did not show significant variance, nor did payer differently affect providers. Charges by provider type varied significantly, with CNMs having lower mean charges than OBs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Differences in practice by payer source were not found for either provider group. This may reflect a lack of financial incentives to alter practice based on the payer, the homogeneity of the participants, or the large number of payers. The findings indicate that provider decision-making styles are likely due to non-payer factors in a system that lacks clear incentives to alter care patterns.
authors.affiliation: University of Washington in Seattle.
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Carr
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D005251:Fees, Medical; D005260:Female; D006279:Health Maintenance Organizations; D006785:Hospitals, University / Q000191:economics*; D006801:Humans; D019458:Insurance Coverage / Q000458:organization & administration*; D008427:Maternal Health Services / Q000191:economics*; D009721:Nurse Midwives / Q000191:economics; D009774:Obstetrics / Q000191:economics; D011247:Pregnancy