title: Immunological time-course of gadolinium-enhancing MRI lesions in patients with multiple sclerosis.
abstract: In multiple sclerosis (MS) gadolinium (Gd)-enhanced MRI activity correlates weakly with immunological markers of disease activity. We, therefore, tested the hypothesis that the poor correlation could be partly explained by the temporal profile of Gd enhancement. We measured urinary neopterin:creatinine ratios (neopt.:creat.(urine)) in 5 patients with active MS undergoing weekly Gd-enhanced MRI studies of the brain. The neopt.:creat.(urine) associated with new Gd-enhancing lesions (<8 days) was significantly higher than the ratio not associated with new Gd-enhancing lesions [mean(geometric) neopt.: creat.(urine) = 413 micromol/mol (range = 207-521) vs. 250 micromol/mol (range = 132-492), p = 0.03]. Pro-inflammatory immunological markers, which are probably produced early on in the life cycle of an active MS lesion, should preferably be correlated with newly enhancing lesions (<8 days). Failure to do this may explain the poor and unpredictable correlations between immunological markers and Gd-enhanced MRI activity, which cannot be accurately aged in cross-sectional and serial monthly MRI studies.
authors.affiliation: National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery and Institute of Neurology, London, UK. G.Giovannoni@ion.ucl.ac.uk
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Giovannoni
authors.forename: N C
authors.initials: NC
authors.lastname: Silver
authors.forename: C D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Good
authors.forename: D H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: E J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Thompson
mesh_terms: D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones / Q000494:pharmacology; D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000652:urine*; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D003404:Creatinine / Q000652:urine; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D005682:Gadolinium; D006801:Humans; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000494:pharmacology; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology* / Q000652:urine; D019798:Neopterin / Q000652:urine*; D055502:Secondary Prevention; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones; D015415:Biomarkers; D019798:Neopterin; D007371:Interferon-gamma; D005682:Gadolinium; D003404:Creatinine