title: Colony-stimulating factor-1 receptor utilizes multiple signaling pathways to induce cyclin D2 expression.
abstract: Colony-stimulating factor-1 (CSF-1) induces expression of immediate early gene, such as c-myc and c-fos and delayed early genes such as D-type cyclins (D1 and D2), whose products play essential roles in the G1 to S phase transition of the cell cycle. Little is known, however, about the cytoplasmic signal transduction pathways that connect the surface CSF-1 receptor to these genes in the nucleus. We have investigated the signaling mechanism of CSF-1-induced D2 expression. Analyses of CSF-1 receptor autophosphorylation mutants show that, although certain individual mutation has a partial inhibitory effect, only multiple combined mutations completely block induction of D2 in response to CSF-1. We report that at least three parallel pathways, the Src pathway, the MAPK/ERK kinase (MEK)/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway, and the c-myc pathway, are involved. Induction of D2 is partially inhibited in Src(-/-) bone marrow-derived macrophages and by Src inhibitor PP1 and is enhanced in v-Src-overexpressing cells. Activation of myc's transactivating activity selectively induces D2 but not D1. Blockade of c-myc expression partially blocks CSF-1-induced D2 expression. Complete inhibition of the MEK/ERK pathway causes 50% decrease of D2 expression. Finally, simultaneous inhibition of Src, MEK activation, and c-myc expression additively blocks CSF-1-induced D2 expression. This study indicates that multiple signaling pathways are involved in full induction of a single gene, and this finding may also apply broadly to other growth factor-inducible genes.
authors.affiliation: The Ben May Institute for Cancer Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dey
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: She
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Boruch
authors.forename: D L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Guris
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Carlberg
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Sebti
authors.forename: D T
authors.initials: DT
authors.lastname: Woodley
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Imamoto
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D019938:Cyclin D1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D056742:Cyclin D2; D016213:Cyclins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000494:pharmacology; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D016259:Genes, myc; D048728:MAP Kinase Kinase Kinase 1; D016173:Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008817:Mice, Mutant Strains; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D022423:Myeloid Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D010766:Phosphorylation; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D016186:Receptor, Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction; D019061:src-Family Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: C486196:Ccnd2 protein, mouse; D056742:Cyclin D2; D016213:Cyclins; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D005419:Flavonoids; D019938:Cyclin D1; D016173:Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor; D016186:Receptor, Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor; D019061:src-Family Kinases; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D048728:MAP Kinase Kinase Kinase 1; C482576:MAP3K1 protein, human; C482578:Map3k1 protein, mouse; C093973:2-(2-amino-3-methoxyphenyl)-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one