title: Repeated procedure after radical surgery for tetralogy of Fallot.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although the immediate results of radical operation for tetralogy of Fallot are excellent, long-term follow-up has shown that the number of repeated procedures has increased in many institutions. We describe patients who underwent a second or third procedure after radical operation for tetralogy of Fallot.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between April 1981 and August 1996, we operated on 44 patients for the second time and on 4 for the third time after radical operation for tetralogy of Fallot. Indications for a second and third procedure included right ventricular outflow tract obstruction in 38 patients, infective endocarditis in 4, and isolated residual ventricular septal defect in 3.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One patient died after concomitant replacement of the pulmonary and tricuspid valves. Three patients who underwent sternotomy more than twice (before the second or third operation) underwent accidental cardiovascular trauma during this procedure (30%). Moreover, when patients underwent more than two sternotomy procedures before the repeated operation for tetralogy of Fallot, the total bypass time, interval between cessation of the cardiopulmonary pump to completion of the operation, amount of blood transfusion, and length of intensive care unit stay were significantly higher compared with those who underwent less than two sternotomy procedures (p < 0.05). Right ventricular outflow tract obstruction was the main indication for a second operation. After the second operation for right ventricular outflow tract obstruction in 35 patients, the preoperative right ventricle to left ventricle pressure ratio decreased significantly (from 0.75 +/- 0.13 to 0.51 +/- 0.12; p < 0.0001). However, the right ventricle to left ventricle pressure ratio did not significantly decrease in patients who underwent a third procedure to treat right ventricular outflow tract obstruction.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The surgical results of a second procedure after radical operation for tetralogy of Fallot were acceptable. However, the risk of accidental cardiovascular trauma during dissection was high among patients who underwent sternotomy more than twice before repeat operation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Tenri Hospital, Nara, Japan. taandsa@maple.ocn.ne.jp
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sugita
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ueda
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Matsumoto
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ogino
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sakakibara
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Matsuyama
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001803:Blood Transfusion; D002315:Cardiopulmonary Bypass; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004697:Endocarditis, Bacterial / Q000601:surgery; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006345:Heart Septal Defects, Ventricular / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D012086:Reoperation; D013249:Sternum / Q000601:surgery; D013771:Tetralogy of Fallot / Q000601:surgery*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014694:Ventricular Outflow Obstruction / Q000601:surgery