title: The levels of cytokines and nitric oxide in rabbit vitreous humor after retinal laser photocoagulation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the levels of nitric oxide (NO) and cytokines such as interleukin 1-beta (IL-1beta), interleukin 6 (IL-6), interleukin 8 (IL-8), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) on vitreous humor following retinal laser photocoagulation.
  
  
  METHODS
  The rabbits were divided into 3 groups of 4 animals (8 eyes) each. Twelve pigmented rabbit eyes underwent modified grid pattern photocoagulation with a power of 240 mW (group I); 300 mW (group II); and 360 mW (group III). The eyes received 200 burns using a spot size of 200 micro, and duration of 0.2 s. Vitreous humor samples were collected from each eye preoperatively and at 24 and 72 hours after the laser.
  
  
  RESULTS
  When compared to preoperative levels, IL-6 levels were increased in all groups; IL-1beta levels were increased significantly only in group III. IL-8 levels were high in groups II and III only at 72 hours (P <0.05). TNFalpha levels were elevated significantly in group II and III only at 24 hours (P <0.05). NO levels were significantly higher than preoperative values in all groups at all times.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results support that especially IL-6, IL-8, and NO levels increase significantly following laser photocoagulation. This preliminary study suggests that IL-6, IL-8, and NO might be dominant contributing factors in the occurrence of the inflammation postoperatively.
authors.affiliation: University of Inonu School of Medicine, Turgut Ozal Medical Center, Department of Ophthalmology, Malayta, Turkey. hamdier@inonu.edu.tr
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Er
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Doganay
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Turkoz
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cekmen
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Daglioglu
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gunduz
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Evereklioglu
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Isci
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers; D009877:Endophthalmitis / Q000378:metabolism; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000378:metabolism*; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000378:metabolism*; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000378:metabolism*; D017075:Laser Coagulation; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism*; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000378:metabolism; D011184:Postoperative Period; D011379:Prognosis; D011817:Rabbits; D012160:Retina / Q000601:surgery*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism*; D014822:Vitreous Body / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D007375:Interleukin-1; D015850:Interleukin-6; D016209:Interleukin-8; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D009569:Nitric Oxide