title: [A new in vivo technique for 3-dimensional analysis of the translation of femoral condyles and the menisci responding to antagonistic muscle forces].
abstract: The aim of our study was to develop a 3-D MR-based technique for the analysis of meniscal and femoral translations during flexion of the knee, and under the influence of antagonistic muscle forces in healthy subjects. In an open MR system, 5 knees were examined at 30 degrees and 90 degrees flexion using a T1-weighted 3-D gradient echo sequence. A force of 30 Newtons, first in the extending and then in the flexing direction, was applied to the distal lower leg. After three-dimensional reconstruction, the minimal distances between the centre of the tibial plateau and the posterior edge of the menisci and femoral condyles were determined. At 30 degrees flexion, the minimum distance for the meniscus was larger medially than laterally (23.2 +/- 1.8 mm vs. 16.2 +/- 3.3 mm), and this also applied to the condyles (25.1 +/- 1.5 vs. 19.0 +/- 3.0 mm). During flexion to 90 degrees, a posterior translation of 0.5 +/- 0.2 mm was observed for the lateral, and of 3.4 +/- 1.2 mm for the medial, meniscus. The condyles demonstrated a different posterior translation (lateral 2.2 +/- 0.56 mm; medial 1.8 +/- 1.9 mm). No obvious differences were found between extension and flexion muscle activity for the different positions of the knee. In the present study, a new 3-D technique is presented for the analysis of the femoral and meniscal translation at various positions of the knee, and under muscle activity. The results suggest different translation for the menisci and condyles.
authors.affiliation: Forschungsgruppe Muskuloskeletales System, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, München.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bringmann
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Eckstein
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Bonél
authors.forename: K H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Englmeier
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Reiser
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Graichen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D005269:Femur / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000295:instrumentation*; D007537:Isometric Contraction / Q000502:physiology*; D007719:Knee Joint / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000295:instrumentation*; D008297:Male; D008592:Menisci, Tibial / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular / Q000502:physiology; D012016:Reference Values