title: Potentiation of ovarian OCa-1 tumor radioresponse by poly (L-glutamic acid)-paclitaxel conjugate.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  It has been shown that paclitaxel (TXL) can strongly enhance tumor cells' sensitivity to radiation. We examined whether the radiosensitizing effect of paclitaxel can be further enhanced when it is delivered systemically as a polymer-drug conjugate that provides enhanced tumor uptake and prolonged release of TXL in the tumor.
  
  
  METHODS
  C3Hf/Kam mice bearing 8-mm murine ovarian OCa-1 tumors were treated with i.v.-injected Poly(L-glutamic acid)-paclitaxel (PG-TXL) at an equivalent TXL dose of 80 mg/kg, followed 24 h later by single doses of local radiation ranging from 5 to 15 Gy. To determine how long the radiopotentiation persisted at extended times after PG-TXL administration, mice with OCa-1 tumors were given i.v. PG-TXL and 4, 24, 48, 72, 120, or 168 h later their tumors were irradiated at a dose of 10 Gy. Antitumor activity was determined by delay in tumor growth. Cell cycle distribution was assayed using flow cytometry. Tumor vascular volume was estimated using Tc-99 m-labeled red blood cells.
  
  
  RESULTS
  PG-TXL strongly potentiated the radioresponse of the OCa-1 tumor. The enhancement factors ranged from 2.79 to 4.28, depending on radiation dose, when PG-TXL preceded radiation by 24 h. The enhancement factor derived from radiation dose-response curves was as high as 5.13. The radiosensitizing effect of PG-TXL was also dependent on the interval between PG-TXL administration and radiation delivery, with greater enhancement been observed when the interval was decreased. The percentage of G2/M cells was significantly increased to 21.4% 48 h after PG-TXL but declined to a preinjection level of 14.8% 72 h after PG-TXL. PG-TXL only moderately increased the tumor vascular volume by 37% 24 h after PG-TXL administration.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PG-TXL markedly potentiated response of OCa-1 tumor to radiation. When compared to literature data obtained from the same tumor model used here, PG-TXL exhibited stronger radiosensitization effect than TXL. Although its action is possibly mediated by arrest of cells in G2/M phases of cell cycle and by increased tumor blood supply, PG-TXL may exert its radiopotentiation activity through increased tumor uptake of PG-TXL and sustained release of TXL in the tumor. Our results show that conjugation of TXL to a polymer has the potential to further enhance its radiosensitizing activity and that clinical trials of PG-TXL in combination with radiation is warranted.
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic Imaging, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA. cli@di.mdacc.tmc.edu
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ke
authors.forename: Q P
authors.initials: QP
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Tansey
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hunter
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Buchmiller
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Milas
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Charnsangavej
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wallace
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004307:Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation; D004338:Drug Combinations; D005260:Female; D018698:Glutamic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051379:Mice; D010051:Ovarian Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D017239:Paclitaxel / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011838:Radiation-Sensitizing Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011853:Radiobiology; D011879:Radiotherapy Dosage; D013997:Time Factors; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects
chemical_list: D004338:Drug Combinations; D011838:Radiation-Sensitizing Agents; D018698:Glutamic Acid; D017239:Paclitaxel