title: Pre-core mutant infections in the Canadian Inuit.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Previous cross-sectional data suggested that chronic hepatitis B viral (HBV) infections in the Canadian Inuit were inactive. The aim of this study was to confirm these findings and document the prevalence of the subsequently described "pre-core mutant" variant of HBV in this population.
  
  
  METHODS
  We obtained sera from residents of five remote Canadian Inuit communities. Residents were selected if they were known to be hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) positive or had a history of liver disease. HBV serology, HBV-DNA, and pre-core mutant testing were performed by commercially available assays, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and direct sequencing of the viral genome, respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sera were obtained from 176/266 (66%) of selected individuals. Thirty-eight (22%) were HBsAg positive and 16 (9.1%) anti-HBs positive. Of HBsAg positive carriers 25/38 (66%) were male as compared to 68/138 (49%) of the remaining individuals (p<0.05). Of 37 HBsAg positive carriers, none were HBeAg positive, 36 (97%) anti-HBe positive and one (3%) HBeAg and anti-HBe negative. Liver enzyme and function tests were normal in all cases. 30/37 (81%) HBsAg positive carriers were HBV-DNA positive and 26/30 (87%) were pre-core mutant positive.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The majority of HBV infections in community-based Canadian Inuit are inactive and the prevalence of pre-core mutant infections is the highest reported to date.
authors.affiliation: Liver Diseases Unit, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada.
authors.forename: G Y
authors.initials: GY
authors.lastname: Minuk
authors.forename: P S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Orr
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Macdonald
authors.forename: R K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Chaudhary
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Temple
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002170:Canada / Q000453:epidemiology; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000032:analysis; D006514:Hepatitis B Surface Antigens / Q000032:analysis; D006513:Hepatitis B e Antigens / Q000032:analysis; D019694:Hepatitis B, Chronic / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000208:ethnology*; D006801:Humans; D004930:Inuit; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence
chemical_list: D004279:DNA, Viral; D006514:Hepatitis B Surface Antigens; D006513:Hepatitis B e Antigens