title: Clinical characteristics and prognosis of myasthenia gravis in older people.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the characteristics of myasthenia gravis (MG) in older people and to evaluate the benefits of immunosuppressive treatments at this age.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Myasthenia gravis in older adults has not been extensively studied. In patients with disease onset after the age of 60, treatment mainly relies on medical therapy because thymectomy is generally not performed unless a thymoma is present.
  
  
  METHODS
  Of 837 myasthenic patients followed since 1978, we identified 172 cases with onset after age 60. All patients were treated with anticholinesterases. In the decade from 1978 to 1988, immunosuppressive therapy was performed mainly with corticosteroids (prednisone); since 1989, azathioprine alone or, more often, associated with prednisone, has been increasingly used in MG patients. Long-term outcome was evaluated in 149 cases with follow-up longer than 1 year. Remission, pharmacological remission, and marked improvement with reduction in drug dosage were considered good results.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients older than age 60 at onset of the disease were 20.5% of our series, male/female ratio was 1.9, age at onset ranged from 61 to 86 years, 87.2% patients had generalized disease, thymoma was detected in 37 patients (21.5%). Of 149 cases with sufficient follow-up data, 9 were in remission, 111 achieved good results, 3 died of MG, and 120 required immunosuppressive therapy at some time. Sixty-seven patients had been treated with prednisone for 0.5-16 years (mean, 5 years); good results were recorded in 51 patients (76.1%) and severe side effects in 12 (17.9%). Forty-six patients had received combined therapy with prednisone and azathioprine for 1 to 12 years (mean, 3.9 years); good results were recorded in 41 patients (89.1%) and severe side effects in six (19.5%). Seven patients had been treated with azathioprine alone for 1 to 4 years (mean, 2.3 years) with good results in five and with no side effects.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The prognosis of MG in older people seems to be favorable, although full remission is rare and MG weakness, treatment side effects, and associated thymoma can contribute to mortality rate. In our experience, the combined therapy with prednisone and azathioprine was more effective than prednisone alone, and steroid-related side effects were more frequent than those related to azathioprine.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Neurology, Catholic University, Roma, Italy.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Evoli
authors.forename: A P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Batocchi
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Minisci
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Di Schino
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Tonali
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001379:Azathioprine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002800:Cholinesterase Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009157:Myasthenia Gravis / Q000145:classification / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D011241:Prednisone / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013945:Thymoma / Q000601:surgery; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D002800:Cholinesterase Inhibitors; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D001379:Azathioprine; D011241:Prednisone