Tissue-engineered artificial urothelium.
Bladder wall replacement is one of the most challenging problems of urologic surgery. Various materials have been tried in experimental models, but most were not free of complications, such as leakage, infection, and stone formation. In addition, much time was needed for tissue regeneration after grafting. Bladder replacement with tissue-engineered materials, which basically consist of autologous cells seeded on a supporting structure, represents an area of rapidly expanding interest. Recently, several investigators have reported important, successful results from in vitro systems and animal models. Here we review those experimental approaches to tissue-engineered artificial urothelium.
Kawai
K
K
Department of Urology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
Hattori
K
K
Akaza
H
H
D000818:Animals; D021522:Bioartificial Organs; D006801:Humans; D001743:Urinary Bladder; D019459:Urothelium