Protein kinase Ctheta: a new essential superstar on the T-cell stage.
Recent studies have identified protein kinase C&theta; (PKCtheta), a member of the Ca(2+)-independent PKC family, as an essential component of the T-cell synapse that cooperates with calcineurin to activate the interleukin-2 (IL-2) gene. Several selective functions of PKCtheta involved in the activation and survival of T cells are reviewed herein. Among these, the nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) signaling cascade appears to be the most critical target of PKCtheta in the T-cell receptor/CD28 costimulatory pathway that leads to T-cell activation.
Altman
A
A
Division of Cell Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, San Diego, CA 92121, USA. amnon@liai.org
Isakov
N
N
Baier
G
G
D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D015870:Gene Expression; D006801:Humans; D007365:Intercellular Junctions / Q000201:enzymology / Q000276:immunology; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000235:genetics; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D048031:JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D011493:Protein Kinase C / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D000074121:Protein Kinase C-theta; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000276:immunology*; D018808:Transcription Factor AP-1 / Q000378:metabolism; D018631:ras Proteins / Q000378:metabolism
D007376:Interleukin-2; D007527:Isoenzymes; D016328:NF-kappa B; D018808:Transcription Factor AP-1; C076233:PRKCQ protein, human; D011493:Protein Kinase C; D000074121:Protein Kinase C-theta; D048031:JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D018631:ras Proteins