title: Genetic studies of panic disorder: a review.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A review of the studies examining the genetic etiology of panic disorder shows the familial nature of the disorder and demonstrates that the etiology is greatly influenced by genetic factors. Strong evidence for vertical transmission in family studies led to molecular genetic studies, of which association designs appear promising, particularly when based on trait markers.
  
  
  METHODS
  The MEDLINE and PsycLIT databases were searched for all reports published between 1966 and 2000 containing the keywords panic, genetic, twin, adoption, linkage, association, and QTL.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We conclude that the multifactorial nature of panic disorder requires a multidisciplinary approach to gain insight into the determinants of the phenotype and the interaction of environmental and genetic factors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and the Clinical PET Center, Academic Hospital Free University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. oa.vandenheuvel@azvu.nl
authors.forename: O A
authors.initials: OA
authors.lastname: van den Heuvel
authors.forename: B J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: van de Wetering
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Veltman
authors.forename: D L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Pauls
mesh_terms: D000300:Adoption; D001010:Anxiety, Separation / Q000235:genetics; D015897:Comorbidity; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000235:genetics; D005190:Family; D005819:Genetic Markers; D006801:Humans; D018445:Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical; D016584:Panic Disorder / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics*; D010641:Phenotype; D012107:Research Design; D018433:Twin Studies as Topic
chemical_list: D005819:Genetic Markers