title: ML-7, chelerythrine and phorbol ester increase outflow facility in the monkey Eye.
abstract: Baseline or post-drug outflow facility was measured by two-level constant pressure perfusion of the anterior chamber (AC). The AC of one eye of cynomolgus monkeys was exchanged with the myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) inhibitor ML-7, the protein kinase (PK) C inhibitor chelerythrine (CHEL), or the PKC activator phorbol myristate acetate (PMA), followed by continuous AC infusion of the drug. The opposite eye similarly received the corresponding vehicle solution. The facility-effectiveness of subthreshold doses of ML-7 or CHEL + a subthreshold dose of the serine-threonine kinase inhibitor H-7, and of facility-effective doses of CHEL + a subthreshold or effective dose of PMA, were also determined. In 45 min post-exchange perfusions, 100 and 500 microM ML-7 increased outflow facility by 32 and 76%, while 100 and 500 microM CHEL increased facility by 68 and 101%, respectively, adjusted for baseline and contralateral control eye resistance washout. In 90 min post-exchange perfusions, 100 microM ML-7 or CHEL time-dependently increased outflow facility by 23, 49 and 69%, or by 44, 108 and 125% in the first, second and third 30 min periods, respectively. At 50 microM, ML-7 was ineffective, but CHEL increased outflow facility by 36% in the third 30 min period. Ten microM H-7 potentiated the outflow facility effect of 50 microM ML-7 or 20 microM CHEL by 36 and 28%, respectively, in the second 30 min period, and that of 50 microM CHEL by 44% in the overall 60 min post-exchange perfusion, compared to the H-7 only-treated contralateral eye. Ten, 50 or 100 n M PMA dose-dependently increased outflow facility by 23, 62 or 174%. Ten n M PMA + 50 microM CHEL did not induce any additional significant changes in outflow facility compared to 50 n M CHEL alone, while the effect of 50 n M PMA and 100 microM CHEL together was 63% more than that of 100 microM CHEL alone. In conclusion, ML-7/CHEL may increase outflow facility by a cytoskeletal mechanism. Separate or combined treatment with CHEL and PMA increases outflow facility, suggesting that PKC inhibition may not be involved in the facility-increase with either drug.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison Medical School, Madison, WI 53792, USA.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Tian
authors.forename: L C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Brumback
authors.forename: P L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Kaufman
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000867:Anterior Chamber / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D001082:Aqueous Humor / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D003599:Cytoskeleton / Q000187:drug effects; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D008252:Macaca fascicularis; D008297:Male; D009282:Naphthalenesulfonates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009883:Ophthalmic Solutions; D011493:Protein Kinase C / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000494:pharmacology; D011680:Pupil / Q000187:drug effects; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D009282:Naphthalenesulfonates; D009883:Ophthalmic Solutions; D011493:Protein Kinase C; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate