title: Optimizing target coverage by dosimetric feedback during prostate brachytherapy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Postimplant dosimetry of permanent prostate implants shows a loss of coverage compared to the preplan. One contributing factor is needle misplacement. The significance of needle misplacement and the clinical utility of dosimetric feedback were analyzed in the setting of interventional magnetic resonance (IMR) guided prostate brachytherapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Information provided by an intraoperative planning system was analyzed for 10 patients. Needle misplacement was measured and the dosimetric consequences calculated. Additional catheters and sources were placed following the insertion of all planned catheters to compensate for nonideal needle placement.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Source misplacement ranged from 0.0 to 1.0 cm (median, 0.3 cm). The resulting loss of coverage ranged from 1% to 13%, and the intraoperative dosimetric feedback allowed a recovery of from 0% to 12% coverage. Between 0 and 3 (median, 2) additional needles and from 0 to 10 (median, 8) additional sources were required to restore coverage of the target. Final planned coverage exceeded 94% for all patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The discrepancy between planned and achieved needle placement leads to a loss of dosimetric coverage of the target volume. Dosimetric feedback allows compensation for needle divergence. The technique of real-time dosimetric feedback does not require an IMR system, and could be generalized to ultrasound-guided implants.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. cormack@jcrt.harvard.edu
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Cormack
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Tempany
authors.forename: A V
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: D'Amico
mesh_terms: D001918:Brachytherapy / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D007457:Iodine Radioisotopes / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D011879:Radiotherapy Dosage
chemical_list: D007457:Iodine Radioisotopes