title: Nm23 and cathepsin D expression in laryngeal carcinomas.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Cathepsin D and nm23 are two of the factors, investigated recently that have effects on invasion and metastasis of malign tumors. Cathepsin D is an aspartyl protease that plays a role in the invasion of tumor cells and is also found in stromal macrophages which are said to play a role in tumor invasiveness. The nm23 gene encodes nucleoside diphosphate (NDP) kinase that has a metastatic suppressor effect in some tumors but not in others. The aim of this study is to investigate expressions of nm23 and cathepsin D in laryngeal carcinomas.
  
  
  METHODS
  Immunohistochemical method was used in 28 laryngeal carcinomas to demonstrate the expression of nm23 and cathepsin-D.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Nearly all (26 of 28, 96 % ) carcinomas expressed nm23 protein without any difference between metastatic and non-metastatic carcinomas. 12 of 28 carcinomas (43 %) showed cathepsin D positivity regardless of T stage of the tumors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We found that nm23 expression and cathepsin D positivity had no effect on tumor progression in laryngeal carcinomas.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Akdeniz Universitesi Tip Fakultesi, Dekanlik, Arapsuyu Antalya-Turkiye.
authors.lastname: Hadice Elif Pestereli
authors.lastname: Gulay Ozbilim
authors.lastname: Ozlem Elpek
authors.lastname: Firat Fisenk
authors.lastname: Esor Balkan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm / Q000378:metabolism*; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism*; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000145:classification / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D002402:Cathepsin D / Q000378:metabolism*; D019084:Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect; D006801:Humans; D007822:Laryngeal Neoplasms / Q000145:classification / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000473:pathology; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020559:Monomeric GTP-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D054778:NM23 Nucleoside Diphosphate Kinases; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D009701:Nucleoside-Diphosphate Kinase; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D054778:NM23 Nucleoside Diphosphate Kinases; D014157:Transcription Factors; C517938:NME1 protein, human; D009701:Nucleoside-Diphosphate Kinase; D002402:Cathepsin D; D020559:Monomeric GTP-Binding Proteins