title: Bone-marrow microinvolvement in non-small cell lung cancer is not a reliable indicator of tumour recurrence and prognosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study aimed to examine the incidence of bone-marrow microinvolvement in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients and its correlation with tumour recurrence and prognosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between March 1997 and August 1998, we analysed 96 bone-marrow specimens (from the posterior iliac crest) of NSCLC patients before surgery. Tumour differentiation showed well differentiated carcinoma in six, moderately differentiated carcinoma in 69, and poorly differentiated carcinoma in 21. p-TNM staging showed stage Ia in five, stage Ib in 33, stage IIb in 19, stage IIIa in 26, stage IIIb in eight, and stage IV in five. The specimens were examined by immunohistochemical staining with anti-human cytokeratin AE1/AE3 and clone MNF116 mixed solution (Ab1, n=96) and/or Ber-EP4 (Ab2, n=80) to detect the presence of malignant epithelial cells in the bone marrow.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Positive results were observed in 21 patients (21. 9%). The occurrence of bone-marrow microinvolvement was not related to patient age, sex, cell type, or TNM status. The 30-month disease-free survival rates were 50.2% and 53.9% in bone-marrow negative and bone-marrow positive patients, respectively (P=0.5670); the 30-month cumulative survival rates were 66.7% and 67.6% in bone-marrow negative and bone-marrow positive patients, respectively (P=0.9351). Multivariate analysis failed to demonstrate bone-marrow microinvolvement as an independent prognostic factor.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results show that bone-marrow microinvolvement is not unusual, and its occurrence cannot be translated into early tumour recurrence or poor outcome during an intermediate-term follow-up, which means bone-marrow microinvolvement may be an epiphenomenon rather than true metastasis in NSCLC.
authors.affiliation: Division of Thoracic Surgery, Taichung Veterans Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C. cliff@vghtc.vghtc.gov.tw
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Hsu CP
authors.forename: C Y
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: P C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Kwang
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Miao
authors.forename: J Y
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Hsia
authors.forename: S E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Shai
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D019046:Bone Marrow Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000556:secondary*; D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / Q000473:pathology / Q000556:secondary*; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology*; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D016019:Survival Analysis
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal