title: Cardiac catheter guided surgical closure of an apical ventricular septal defect.
abstract: Surgical closure of muscular ventricular septal defects can be difficult. We report a technique in which a preoperatively placed cardiac catheter allowed accurate localization of a residual apical muscular defect at operation. The approach not only allowed improved visualization of the defect from the right side of the heart, but also helped to minimize the size of the left ventriculotomy required for satisfactory closure.
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatric Cardiology and Cardiac Surgery, The Yorkshire Heart Centre, Leeds General Infirmary, United Kingdom. john.thomson@lineone.net
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Thomson
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Gibbs
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Van Doorn
mesh_terms: D001807:Blood Vessel Prosthesis; D006328:Cardiac Catheterization / Q000295:instrumentation*; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006345:Heart Septal Defects, Ventricular / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D011859:Radiography