title: Release of lead-containing particles from a wall enclosure.
abstract: The 1995 Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) Guidelines for the Evaluation and Control of Lead-Based Paint Hazards in Housing discusses using interior and exterior wall enclosures for lead hazard control. Leaded dust may be aerosolized inside enclosures and released through gaps and cracks into a room. The effects of airflow and mechanical disturbances on dust release were studied using a laboratory wall enclosure model with dust collected from homes with lead-based paint hazards. Airflows relevant to residences were blown down the enclosure and out a 4-, 6-, or 8-mm horizontal gap at its bottom, simulating potential enclosure failure. Then, low-frequency mechanical vibrations also were applied to the enclosure. No significant dust release was found when blowing air down the enclosure even at 37 cm/sec (representing extremely high flow); release occurred only with this high flow and 3 Hz mechanical disturbances. Dust was released primarily from the floor area immediately adjacent to the enclosure gap; the release rate fluctuated over time. Most dust initially settled near the enclosure. Dust release for 1 hour at extreme conditions (high airflow with vibration) yields lead loading above the 1995 HUD clearance level of 100 microg/ft2 only within 3-4 cm of the wall; for the HUD standard (1 ft2) sampling area, the lead loading does not exceed 30 microg/ ft2. Redistributing dust over the room's 16 m2 floor space yields average extreme-condition loading rate of 2 microg/ft2/hour. At less-than-extreme conditions, dust would have to be released for years without cleaning to yield a hazard.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati, OH 45267-0056, USA.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Harney
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Trunov
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Grinshpun
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Willeke
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Choe
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Trakumas
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Friedman
mesh_terms: D004391:Dust / Q000032:analysis*; D006801:Humans; D007854:Lead / Q000032:analysis*; D010150:Paint / Q000032:analysis*; D010316:Particle Size; D017751:Safety Management / Q000592:standards*
chemical_list: D004391:Dust; D007854:Lead