title: Structure and activities of constrained analogues of human parathyroid hormone and parathyroid hormone-related peptide: implications for receptor-activating conformations of the hormones.
abstract: Parathyroid hormone (PTH) has a helix-bend-helix structure in solution. Part of the C-terminal helix, residues 21-31, is amphiphilic and forms a critical receptor-binding region. Stabilization of this alpha-helix by lactam formation between residues spaced i, i + 4 on the polar face was previously reported to increase adenylyl cyclase-stimulating (AC) activity if between residues 22 and 26 but to diminish it if between residues 26 and 30 [Barbier et al. (1997) J. Med. Chem. 40, 1373-1380]. This work reports the effects of other cyclizations on the polar face, differing in ring size or position, on alpha-helix conformation, as measured by circular dichroism, and on AC-stimulating activity. All analogues cyclized between residues 22 and 26 had at least a 1. 5-fold increase in activity, suggesting an alpha-helical structure between about residues 21 and 26. Cyclization between residues 25 and 29 or residues 26 and 30 diminished activity by 20-30%, despite stabilizing alpha-helix, suggesting that residues 25-31 bind to the receptor in a helical, but not classical alpha-helical, conformation. Analogues cyclized between residues 13 and 17 had slightly increased activity. A bicyclic analogue, with lactams between residues 13 and 17 and residues 22 and 26, had about the same activity as that cyclized only between 22 and 26. Parathyroid hormone-related peptide (PTHrP) may bind in a manner similar to the common receptor, but hydrophobic moment calculations suggest that it must bind as a tighter helix in order to optimally present its hydrophobic residues to the receptor. Both PTHrP analogues cyclized between either residues 22 and 26 or residues 26 and 30 had more stable alpha-helices but reduced AC activities, consistent with this hypothesis.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Biological Sciences, National Research Council, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1A 0R6.
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Barbier
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: MacLean
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Morley
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Whitfield
authors.forename: G E
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Willick
mesh_terms: D000262:Adenylyl Cyclases / Q000378:metabolism; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D002942:Circular Dichroism; D003553:Cystine / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D007769:Lactams / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010281:Parathyroid Hormone / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D044162:Parathyroid Hormone-Related Protein; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000235:genetics / Q000494:pharmacology; D010456:Peptides, Cyclic / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000235:genetics / Q000494:pharmacology; D011487:Protein Conformation; D011506:Proteins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D044168:Receptor, Parathyroid Hormone, Type 1; D018016:Receptors, Parathyroid Hormone / Q000378:metabolism*; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D007769:Lactams; C470121:PTHLH protein, human; D010281:Parathyroid Hormone; D044162:Parathyroid Hormone-Related Protein; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D010456:Peptides, Cyclic; D011506:Proteins; D044168:Receptor, Parathyroid Hormone, Type 1; D018016:Receptors, Parathyroid Hormone; C116052:parathyroid hormone (1-31)-NH2, leucyl(27)-cyclo(glutamyl(22)-lysyl(26))-; D003553:Cystine; D000262:Adenylyl Cyclases