title: MR imaging-guided biliary drainage in an open low-field system: first clinical experiences.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To test the feasibility of MR imaging (MRI)-guided percutaneous biliary drainages in patients using an open MR-system.
  
  
  METHODS
  6 patients with mechanical cholestasis underwent MRI-guided puncture and catheterization of the biliary system following intervention planning with magnetic resonance cholangiography (MRC) in an open low-field MR system. Data on the number of punctures required, success in establishing external and internal drainage, and total procedure time were compared to those of 6 patients who underwent biliary drainage with fluoroscopic guidance.
  
  
  RESULTS
  MRC facilitated intervention planning in all patients. Near-real-time MR imaging enabled interactive positioning of the devices. The bile ducts were punctured under MRI control in three patients in the first, in two in the second, and in one in the third attempt. MRI-guided puncture was faster than the fluoroscopic procedure. Catheterization for external drainage was successful in all patients. Passing the obstructions was not possible under MRI guidance. The procedure time for MRI-guided catheterization was longer than in the conventional technique.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  MRI-guidance allows reliable placement of an external biliary drainage in an open low-field MR system.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University Hospital Benjamin Franklin, Free University of Berlin, Germany. wacker@ukbf.fu-berlin.de
authors.forename: F K
authors.initials: FK
authors.lastname: Wacker
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Faiss
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Reither
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Zimmer
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wendt
authors.forename: K J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Wolf
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002404:Catheterization / Q000295:instrumentation; D002758:Cholangiography / Q000295:instrumentation*; D002779:Cholestasis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery*; D004322:Drainage / Q000295:instrumentation*; D004867:Equipment Design; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000295:instrumentation*; D008297:Male; D011677:Punctures / Q000295:instrumentation