title: A stat-responsive element in the promoter of the episialin/MUC1 gene is involved in its overexpression in carcinoma cells.
abstract: The mucin-like glycoprotein episialin (MUC1) is highly overproduced by a number of human carcinomas. We have shown previously in a variety of mammalian cell lines that overexpression of this very large transmembrane molecule diminishes cellular adhesion, suggesting that episialin/MUC1 overexpression may play an important role in tumor invasion and metastasis. By using in situ hybridization, we show here that episialin/MUC1 mRNA expression can be increased more than 10-fold in breast carcinoma cells relative to the expression in adjacent normal breast epithelium. In search of the molecular mechanism of this overexpression, we observed that the episialin/MUC1 promoter contains a candidate binding site for transcription factors of the STAT family approximately 500 base pairs upstream of the transcription start site. Cytokines and/or growth factors such as interleukin-6 or interferon-gamma can activate STATs. In the human breast carcinoma cell line T47D, both compounds are able to stimulate transcription of a luciferase reporter gene under the control of a 750-base pair MUC1 promoter fragment proximal to the transcription start site. The observed increase is entirely mediated by the single STAT-binding site, since mutation of this site abolishes stimulation of the reporter by interleukin-6 and interferon-gamma. In addition, mutation of the STAT site also decreased the promoter activity in nonstimulated T47D cells, suggesting that the STAT-binding site is among the elements that are involved in the overexpression of MUC1 in tumor cells.
authors.affiliation: Division of Tumor Biology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: I C
authors.initials: IC
authors.lastname: Gaemers
authors.forename: H L
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Vos
authors.forename: H H
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Volders
authors.forename: S W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: van der Valk
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hilkens
mesh_terms: D001665:Binding Sites; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism*; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000494:pharmacology; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000494:pharmacology; D018396:Mucin-1 / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics*; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D020218:Response Elements; D050794:STAT1 Transcription Factor; D050796:STAT3 Transcription Factor; D015534:Trans-Activators / Q000378:metabolism*; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D015850:Interleukin-6; D018396:Mucin-1; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D050794:STAT1 Transcription Factor; C494079:STAT1 protein, human; D050796:STAT3 Transcription Factor; C494086:STAT3 protein, human; D015534:Trans-Activators; D007371:Interferon-gamma