title: Evaluation of application methods for control of Aspergillus fumigatus proliferation on the air cell membrane of in ovo injected broiler eggs.
abstract: Three different techniques of applying fungicides and mold inhibitors were evaluated as control methods for Aspergillus fumigatus proliferation on the air cell membrane of eggs that were infertile or contained early dead embryos following in ovo egg injection. A controlled Aspergillus challenge model was utilized that simulates the natural occurrence of fungal growth following in ovo egg injection. Methods of application examined were egg shell spray, direct air cell application prior to Aspergillus challenge, and micro-aerosol fogging in the incubation compartment during Aspergillus challenge. Fungicides and mold inhibitors used included propionic acid, propionic acid plus ammonia, phenol, quaternary ammonium plus organic tin, hydrogen peroxide, enilconazole, and an aromatase inhibitor. When applied as egg shell spray treatments or micro-aerosol fog treatments, none of the products that were tested significantly reduced the incidence of mold proliferation on the air cell membrane when compared with untreated, but otherwise challenged, controls. When applied directly to the air cell membrane prior to fungal challenge, only enilconazole and the aromatase inhibitor significantly reduced the incidence of fungal proliferation when compared with appropriate controls.
authors.affiliation: Department of Poultry Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-7608, USA.
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Brake
mesh_terms: D000336:Aerosols; D000641:Ammonia / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D047072:Aromatase Inhibitors; D001232:Aspergillus fumigatus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development*; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D002642:Chick Embryo / Q000382:microbiology; D004528:Egg Shell; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D005659:Fungicides, Industrial / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000494:pharmacology; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D011422:Propionates / Q000494:pharmacology; D000644:Quaternary Ammonium Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000336:Aerosols; D047072:Aromatase Inhibitors; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D005659:Fungicides, Industrial; D007093:Imidazoles; D011422:Propionates; D000644:Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; C017435:enilconazole; D000641:Ammonia; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; C029658:propionic acid