title: The psychiatric symptoms of rheumatic fever.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study examined the frequency and age at onset of psychiatric disorders among children with rheumatic fever, Sydenham's chorea, or both and a comparison group.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty children with rheumatic fever, 22 with Sydenham's chorea, and 20 comparison children were assessed by means of a semistructured interview and rating scales for tic disorders and obsessive-compulsive disorder.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Obsessive-compulsive symptoms were more frequent in both the Sydenham's chorea and rheumatic fever groups than in the comparison group. The Sydenham's chorea group had a higher frequency of major depressive disorder, tic disorders, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) than both the comparison and rheumatic fever groups. ADHD symptoms were associated with a higher risk of developing Sydenham's chorea.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Both the rheumatic fever and Sydenham's chorea groups were associated with a higher risk of developing neuropsychiatric disorders than the comparison group. ADHD appears to be a risk factor for Sydenham's chorea in children with rheumatic fever.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Medical School, University of São Paulo, Brazil. mtmerc@mtecnetsp.com.br
authors.forename: M T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Mercadante
authors.forename: G F
authors.initials: GF
authors.lastname: Busatto
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Lombroso
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Prado
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Rosário-Campos
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: do Valle
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Marques-Dias
authors.forename: M H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Kiss
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Leckman
authors.forename: E C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Miguel
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D017668:Age of Onset; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D001938:Brazil / Q000453:epidemiology; D002648:Child; D002819:Chorea / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology; D015897:Comorbidity; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D009771:Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D015995:Prevalence; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012213:Rheumatic Fever / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D020323:Tics / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology