title: Mosquito larvicidal activity of pipernonaline, a piperidine alkaloid derived from long pepper, Piper longum.
abstract: A methanol extract of Piper longum fruit was found to be active against mosquito larvae of Culex pipiens pallens at 10 microg/ml after 24 h. A piperidine alkaloid, pipernonaline, was found to be responsible for this activity, with the 24-h median lethal dose (LD50) value for this compound being 0.21 mg/liter. The LD50 value of pipernonaline was not much higher than those for the 3 organophosphorous insecticides malathion, chlorpyrifos-methyl, and pirimiphos-methyl, used for comparative purpose in this study. Structural elucidation of pipernonaline was by means of mass spectrometry (1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance imaging).
authors.affiliation: Plant Protection Research Unit, WRRC, USDA-ARS, Albany, CA 94710, USA.
authors.forename: S E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000470:Alkaloids; D000818:Animals; D002212:Capsicum; D004390:Chlorpyrifos / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D002801:Cholinesterase Reactivators; D003465:Culex; D007306:Insecticides; D007814:Larva; D007928:Lethal Dose 50; D008294:Malathion; D009946:Organothiophosphorus Compounds; D010880:Piperidines; D010946:Plants, Medicinal
chemical_list: D000470:Alkaloids; D002801:Cholinesterase Reactivators; D007306:Insecticides; D009946:Organothiophosphorus Compounds; D010880:Piperidines; C419151:pipernonaline; C014153:pirimiphos methyl; D004390:Chlorpyrifos; C007031:chlorpyrifos-methyl; D008294:Malathion