title: Relative contributions of brain and cervical cord pathology to multiple sclerosis disability: a study with magnetisation transfer ratio histogram analysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess (a) the correlations between magnetisation transfer ratio (MTR) histogram derived measures of the brain and the cervical cord from patients with different multiple sclerosis phenotypes and (b) the correlation between these metrics and clinical disability. Magnetisation transfer imaging is sensitive to the most destructive aspects of multiple sclerosis pathology. Magnetisation transfer ratio histogram analysis encompasses the macroscopic and the microscopic lesion burdens.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventy seven patients with multiple sclerosis were studied (40 relapsing-remitting (RR), 28 secondary progressive (SP), and nine primary progressive (PP)). For the brain, we obtained dual echo, T1 weighted, and gradient echo (GE) scans (with and without an MT saturation pulse). For the cervical cord, fast short tau inversion recovery (STIR) and GE scans (with and without an MT saturation pulse) were obtained. Brain T2 and T1 weighted lesion volumes (LVs) were measured. The number and length of cord lesions on fast STIR scans were assessed. Magnetisation transfer ratio maps were created from GE images and MTR histograms of the entire brain and cervical cord were obtained.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Brain T1 LV, and number and size of cord lesions were significantly higher and brain MTR histogram peak location was significantly lower in patients with SPMS than those with RRMS or PPMS. Cord MTR histogram peak location was also significantly lower in patients with SPMS than in those with RRMS. The univariate correlations between MTR histogram derived metrics obtained from the brain and the cervical cord were all non-significant, with the exception of that between average brain MTR and cord MTR histogram peak location. On a multivariable analysis, both increasing brain T2 LV and decreasing cord MTR histogram peak location values were significantly associated with a higher probability for patients to have SPMS or to have locomotor disability.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study shows that the extent and severity of tissue damage in the brain and cervical cord are both relevant to determine disability in multiple sclerosis and that the assessment of brain and cord pathology provides complementary information.
authors.affiliation: Neuroimaging Research Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Scientific Institute Ospedale San Raffaele, University of Milan, Via Olgettina 60, 20132 Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rovaris
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bozzali
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Santuccio
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Iannucci
authors.forename: M P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Sormani
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Colombo
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Comi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Filippi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology*; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020529:Multiple Sclerosis, Relapsing-Remitting / Q000473:pathology* / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D013116:Spinal Cord / Q000473:pathology*