title: Studies on linkage and association of atopy with the chromosomal region 12q13-24.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Several studies have shown linkage of bronchial asthma, allergic rhinitis and total serum IgE concentration to the chromosomal region 12q13-24 in ethnical diverse populations. This region harbours a number of candidate genes for asthma and atopy, including stem cell factor (SCF), leukotriene A4 hydrolase (LTA4H), thyroid receptor 2 (TR2), and signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 (STAT6). However, the same region was shown as well to be linked to other diseases with inflammatory character. So far no variants in any of these genes have been published which would allow association studies and confirm the pathogenicity of any of these genes.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We wanted to test for linkage of the chromosomal region 12q13-24 with the atopic phenotype without regard to clinical manifestations. Furthermore we screened for common nucleotide polymorphisms in candidate genes to enable association studies.
  
  
  METHODS
  We employed sib-pair linkage analysis and transmission disequilibrium testing with regard to four highly polymorphic microsatellite markers in 12q13-24 in atopic nuclear families. In addition, we looked for polymorphisms in the genes coding for SCF, LTA4H, TR2 and STAT6 performing SSCP-analysis and direct genomic sequencing.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found no evidence for linkage of the genomic region 12q13-24 to elevated total serum IgE levels, specific sensitization to common inhalant allergens or atopy. Furthermore we identified three nucleotide polymorphisms including one common variant in the gene coding for SCF. No association of this polymorphism and any of the atopic phenotypes was seen.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We conclude from our data that genes in the chromosomal region 12q13-24 and in particular SCF are unlikely to exert a major effect on the induction of the atopic phenotype in our Caucasian population. However, we did not focus on the asthmatic and thereby inflammatory aspect of atopy which might explain these results in contradiction to previous studies.
authors.affiliation: University Children's Hospital, University of Freiburg, Mathildenstrasse 1, Freiburg, Germany.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Heinzmann
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Grotherr
authors.forename: S P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Jerkic
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lichtenberg
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Braun
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kruse
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Forster
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kuehr
authors.forename: K A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Deichmann
mesh_terms: D002881:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 12; D004276:DNA, Satellite / Q000032:analysis; D004851:Epoxide Hydrolases / Q000235:genetics; D005787:Gene Frequency; D008040:Genetic Linkage; D006801:Humans; D006969:Hypersensitivity, Immediate / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D007073:Immunoglobulin E / Q000032:analysis; D009679:Nuclear Family; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D011988:Receptors, Thyroid Hormone / Q000235:genetics; D050800:STAT6 Transcription Factor; D019089:Stem Cell Factor / Q000235:genetics; D015534:Trans-Activators / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D004276:DNA, Satellite; D011988:Receptors, Thyroid Hormone; D050800:STAT6 Transcription Factor; C494101:STAT6 protein, human; D019089:Stem Cell Factor; D015534:Trans-Activators; D007073:Immunoglobulin E; D004851:Epoxide Hydrolases; C043134:leukotriene A4 hydrolase