title: [Pulsed spray lysis with reteplase in peripheral arterial occlusions--technique and initial results].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Urokinase followed by rt-PA are the most frequently used drugs approved for thrombolysis in peripheral arteries in the USA and Europe. We wanted to test the safety and efficacy of low-dose reteplase administered by pulsed spray technique.
  
  
  METHODS
  10 patients with acute or subacute occlusion of a peripheral artery (n = 8) or graft (n = 2) were treated (history 8 +/- 17 days; occlusion length 4-60 cm, mean 23 cm). Reteplase was administered as an intra-arterial (i.a.) bolus (0.5 U/10 cm of occlusion length) followed by pulsed spray lysis (1 U/h for the first 2 h, then 0.5 U/h). The catheter was placed into the occlusion. In addition the patients received heparin (i.a.) and aspirin (oral). The site of puncture was closed with a percutaneous suturing system prior to discontinuation of heparin treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total dose of 3.3 +/- 1.2 U reteplase was administered. The primary success rate was 7/10. Two distal embolizations and two bleeding complications were observed (one minor bleeding at the site of puncture and one rupture of the suture which had to be treated surgically).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  With regard to our limited data, low-dose i.a. reteplase seems to be safe and effective. Two bleeding complications were observed which both occurred at the site of puncture. Discontinuation of heparin treatment prior to sheath removal is recommended. Fibrinolysis with reteplase may be an alternative to urokinase or rt-PA.
authors.affiliation: Abteilung für Radiologische Diagnostik, Radiologische Universitätsklinik. gunnar.tepe@uni-tuebingen.de
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Tepe
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Luz
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Hahn
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pereira
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: König
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ziemer
authors.forename: C D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Claussen
authors.forename: S H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Duda
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001157:Arterial Occlusive Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy*; D002408:Catheters, Indwelling; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D015912:Thrombolytic Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D013927:Thrombosis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects
chemical_list: D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; C087896:reteplase; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator