title: The relationship between elevated fibrinogen and markers of infection: a comparison of seasonal cycles.
abstract: To test the hypothesis that higher levels of fibrinogen in winter are related to infections via the acute phase response, we assessed seasonal variation in fibrinogen and C-reactive protein, together with three other responses to infection: white cell count, human herpesvirus-6 IgG antibody and interleukin-6. Monthly blood samples from 24 subjects aged 75+ years were assessed for fibrinogen, C-reactive protein, white cell count, and human herpesvirus-6 IgG antibody. Interleukin-6 was measured in seven. Seasonal variation of these measures was determined by the population-mean cosinor procedure. Fibrinogen had a significant seasonal variation with a winter peak (mid-February) 1.26 g/l above the corresponding summer trough. C-reactive protein had a late-February peak, 3.71 mg/l above the summer trough. No seasonal rhythm was found in any other response to infection investigated. This study provides no evidence that winter infections are responsible for the seasonal variation in fibrinogen or C-reactive protein. The explanation for the seasonal changes in these proteins remains unknown.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Geriatric Medicine and. Surgery The Queen's University of Belfast, UK. v.crawford@qub.ac.uk
authors.forename: V L
authors.initials: VL
authors.lastname: Crawford
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Sweeney
authors.forename: P V
authors.initials: PV
authors.lastname: Coyle
authors.forename: I M
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: Halliday
authors.forename: R W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Stout
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000032:analysis*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005340:Fibrinogen / Q000032:analysis*; D019084:Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect; D015654:Herpesvirus 6, Human / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000276:immunology; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood*; D007958:Leukocyte Count; D008432:Mathematical Computing; D012621:Seasons
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D015850:Interleukin-6; D005340:Fibrinogen; D002097:C-Reactive Protein