title: Characteristics of tranquilizer use among Australian Vietnam War veterans.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine characteristics of tranquilizer use in a cohort of Australian Vietnam War veterans.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective analysis of medication use and assessment of social and clinical variables, including tranquilizer dependence.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-one Australian Vietnam War veterans were recruited from the department of psychiatry of an Australian teaching hospital. All subjects were men, with a mean +/- SD age of 52.2 +/- 3.3 years.
  
  
  METHODS
  A structured interview was used to obtain details of medical and psychiatric history, medication use, substance use, forensic history, and health service utilization data. Anxiety was assessed using the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (Ham-A). A validated tranquilizer dependence rating scale was administered for each patient.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Commonly used tranquilizers included diazepam (n = 19 patients) and zopiclone (26). Most patients (44) reported the use of one or more drugs for the purpose of nighttime sedation, while exclusive daytime use of tranquilizers for anxiolytic effect was uncommon. The median time spent in the hospital during the preceding year was 21.0 +/- 56.8 days. Symptoms of anxiety were prevalent, with a mean Ham-A score of 35.5 +/- 7.8. Screening criteria suggestive of tranquilizer dependence were met in 34 subjects. Health service utilization was correlated with tranquilizer intake and overall medication use. Tranquilizer dependence was independently associated with cigarette smoking (p = 0.039; odds ratio = 5.13, 95% CI 1.08 to 24.33).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study provides insight into the nature of tranquilizer use in an Australian population of Vietnam War veterans. The extensive use of these drugs suggests that further research and possibly intervention in this area is needed.
authors.affiliation: Pharmacy Department, Repatriation General Hospital, Daw Park, South Australia. saldecp@rgh.sa.gov.au
authors.forename: C P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Alderman
authors.forename: A L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Gilbert
authors.forename: J T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Condon
mesh_terms: D000428:Alcohol Drinking; D001315:Australia / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012907:Smoking; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology*; D014149:Tranquilizing Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D014728:Veterans
chemical_list: D014149:Tranquilizing Agents