title: Is there a relationship between attending physicians' and residents' teaching skills and students' examination scores?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Faculty development programs and faculty incentive systems have heightened the need to validate a connection between the quality of teaching and students' learning. This study was designed to determine the association between attending physicians' and residents' teacher ratings and their students' examination scores.
  
  
  METHODS
  From a database of 362 students, 138 faculty, and 107 residents in internal medicine, student-faculty (n = 476) and student-resident (n = 474) pairs were identified. All students were in their third year, rotating on inpatient general medicine and cardiology services, July 1994 through June 1996, at a single institution. The outcome measure for students' knowledge was the NBME Subject Examination in internal medicine. To control for students' baseline knowledge, the predictors were scores on the USMLE Step 1 and a sequential examination (a clinically-based pre- and post-clerkship examination). Teaching abilities of faculty and residents were rated by a global item on the post-clerkship evaluation. Faculty's ratings used only scores from prior to the study period; residents' ratings included those scores students gave during the study period.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Multivariate analyses showed faculty's teaching ratings were a small but significant predictor of the increase in students' knowledge. Residents' teaching ratings did not predict an increase in students' knowledge.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Attending faculty's clinical teaching ability has a positive and significant effect on medical students' learning.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Michigan, USA. dstern@umich.edu
authors.forename: D T
authors.initials: DT
authors.lastname: Stern
authors.forename: B C
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gill
authors.forename: L D
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Gruppen
authors.forename: J O
authors.initials: JO
authors.lastname: Woolliscroft
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Grum
mesh_terms: D002309:Cardiology / Q000193:education; D002982:Clinical Clerkship; D002983:Clinical Competence; D004501:Education, Medical; D004521:Educational Measurement; D005180:Faculty, Medical; D005544:Forecasting; D006801:Humans; D007388:Internal Medicine / Q000193:education*; D007396:Internship and Residency; D007858:Learning; D016014:Linear Models; D008503:Medical Staff; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D010820:Physicians; D013192:Staff Development; D013337:Students, Medical; D013663:Teaching / Q000379:methods*