title: Solubility of purified lutein diesters obtained from Tagetes erecta in supercritical CO(2) and the effect of solvent modifiers.
abstract: Purified lutein diesters deposited on commercial nonporous glass beads were solubilized in supercritical CO(2) in a computerized batch extractor, and their solubilities were compared to their solubilities in hexane. Densities of 0.7, 0.8, and 0.9 g/mL were evaluated without modifiers. Both pressure and temperature increased solubility, although temperatures >50 degrees C promoted carotenoid loss as determined by mass balance. Solubility was enhanced by the use of modifiers and was related to their log P. Chloroform (log P = 2) increased 2.8 times the amount of solubilized lutein diesters compared to pure CO(2) at the same extraction conditions (0.9 g/mL and 40 degrees C) to yield 65% of the amount extracted with hexane. Supercritical CO(2) extraction of lutein diesters could represent a cleaner technology as compared to the current industrial use of hexane with important ecological and health-related implications.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Alimentos y Biotecnología, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad Universitaria, 04510 México, D.F., Mexico.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Naranjo-Modad
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: López-Munguía
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Vilarem
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gaset
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bárzana
mesh_terms: D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D004952:Esters / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification; D005898:Glass; D014975:Lutein / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D019684:Magnoliopsida; D012995:Solubility; D012997:Solvents
chemical_list: D004952:Esters; D012997:Solvents; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D014975:Lutein