CD99 (E2) up-regulates alpha4beta1-dependent T cell adhesion to inflamed vascular endothelium under flow conditions.
CD99/E2 is an integral transmembrane protein which forms, together with Xga, a distinct family whose genes are located in the pseudoautosomal region. The number of T cells that firmly bound to vascular endothelial cells under physiological shear stress increased 2-14-fold upon CD99 stimulation, and bound cells became much more resistant to detachment forces and spread. T cell arrest occurred within 1 min and was dependent on the alpha4beta1-VCAM-1 pathway. In contrast, the alphaLbeta2-ICAM-1 pathway remained unactivated. This was observed with T cell lines and with activated peripheral blood lymphocytes, and was limited within the resting peripheral CD4+ T cells to the memory subset, while virgin cells were unaffected. This discloses a stepwise regulation of the T cell extravasation cascade.
Bernard
G
G
INSERM U343 et Laboratoire d'Immunologie, Université de Nice-Sophia Antipolis, Nice, France.
Raimondi
V
V
Alberti
I
I
Pourtein
M
M
Widjenes
J
J
Ticchioni
M
M
Bernard
A
A
D000071443:12E7 Antigen; D000199:Actins / Q000378:metabolism; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000502:physiology*; D001692:Biological Transport; D001704:Biopolymers; D002448:Cell Adhesion / Q000187:drug effects; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules / Q000502:physiology*; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000187:drug effects; D048429:Cell Size; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D039041:Integrin alpha4beta1; D016023:Integrins / Q000502:physiology*; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D019169:Jurkat Cells; D015459:Leukemia-Lymphoma, Adult T-Cell / Q000473:pathology; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000502:physiology; D010835:Phytohemagglutinins / Q000494:pharmacology; D016201:Receptors, Lymphocyte Homing / Q000502:physiology*; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000502:physiology; D012212:Rheology; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000166:cytology*; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000494:pharmacology; D019010:Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology
D000071443:12E7 Antigen; D000199:Actins; D015703:Antigens, CD; D001704:Biopolymers; C061828:CD99 protein, human; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules; D039041:Integrin alpha4beta1; D016023:Integrins; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D010835:Phytohemagglutinins; D016201:Receptors, Lymphocyte Homing; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D019010:Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1