title: Catheter ablation of atrial flutter guided by electroanatomic mapping (CARTO): a randomized comparison to the conventional approach.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Three-dimensional electroanatomic (CARTO) activation mapping of the cavotricuspid isthmus can be helpful to guide atrial flutter ablation, but to date has not been investigated in comparison to conventional strategies. The aim of the present study was to assess the efficacy of the CARTO navigation system, especially with respect to the fluoroscopy time required for successful atrial flutter ablation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eighty patients with recurrent common-type atrial flutter were randomly assigned to temperature-controlled radiofrequency (RF) catheter ablation, either guided by conventional criteria (group 1) or additionally oriented on electroanatomic mapping (group 2). In all patients, similar multipolar catheters were inserted into the coronary sinus and placed at the tricuspid annulus, respectively. In group 2, positioning of the mapping electrode and delivery of RF pulses within the cavotricuspid isthmus was mainly oriented on the CARTO map to achieve the most linear and continuous RF lesions. Abolition of intra-atrial conduction verified by conventional criteria (group 1) and electroanatomic mapping (group 2) could be verified in all patients. The overall number of RF pulses (group 1: 16.7+/-6.5; group 2: 13.2+/-5.3) and mean procedure duration (group 1: 172.5+/-47.4 min; group 2: 169.3+/-47.3 min) were not different between the two groups, but mean fluoroscopy time was significantly shorter when the CARTO technology was used (group 1: 29.2+/-9.4 min; group 2: 7.7+/-2.8 min; P = 0.0001). Recurrence of atrial flutter was observed in 3 (9%) patients in each group after a mean follow-up of 8.5+/-2.8 months.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Atrial flutter can be abolished effectively using the conventional technique as well as oriented on electroanatomic mapping. However, overall X-ray exposure can be significantly reduced by the CARTO-guided approach without prolongation of procedure duration.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany. willems@uke.uni-hamburg.de
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Willems
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Weiss
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ventura
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rüppel
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Risius
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hoffmann
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Meinertz
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001282:Atrial Flutter / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D016279:Atrial Function, Left; D017115:Catheter Ablation; D004594:Electrophysiology / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006329:Heart Conduction System / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011184:Postoperative Period; D011446:Prospective Studies