title: Laparoscopic adrenalectomy by the anterior transperitoneal approach: results of 108 operations in unselected cases.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The feasibility, safety, and results of 108 laparoscopic anterior transperitoneal adrenalectomies (six bilateral) were evaluated in a series of 105 patients. Three patients with a preoperative diagnosis of primary adrenal carcinoma were excluded from the study.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 102 patients were included in the study based on exhaustive endocrinological and imaging assessment. Twenty-nine patients with nonsecreting adenoma, 34 with aldosterone-producing adenoma, 27 with cortisol-producing adenoma (five bilateral), 13 with pheochromocytoma (one bilateral), two with androgen-secreting adenoma, and three with metastases were considered eligible for adrenalectomy. Lesion size ranged from 3.5 to 12 cm. Concurrent surgical procedures were performed in 10 patients (9.8%).
  
  
  RESULTS
  One (0.9%) intraoperative complication, a colon tear in a bilateral adrenalectomy, required conversion. There were two (1.9%) postoperative complications: one patient with thrombocytopenia developed hemoperitoneum and required a second laparoscopic procedure, and an intraabdominal abscess was treated medically. Mean postoperative hospital stay was 2.5 days (range, 1-7 days). Postoperative mortality was 0.9%; the patient with the colon tear died of sepsis 60 days after the operation. At a mean follow-up of 30 months (range, 1-62), normalization or improvement in hormone levels was observed in all patients with secreting adenomas, and significant improvement or cure was achieved in all patients with hypertension.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients with secreting and nonsecreting adrenal lesions can be treated safety and effectively by laparoscopy with the anterior transperitoneal approach.
authors.affiliation: Istituto di Scienze Chirurgiche, University of Ancona, Ancona, Italy.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lezoche
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Guerrieri
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Paganini
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Feliciotti
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Zenobi
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Antognini
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Mantero
mesh_terms: D000315:Adrenalectomy / Q000379:methods*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010537:Peritoneum; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013997:Time Factors