title: Effects of tumor necrosis factor alpha on sin nombre virus infection in vitro.
abstract: Previous data indicate that immune mechanisms may be involved in developing capillary leakage during Sin Nombre virus (SNV) infection. Therefore, we investigated production of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) by human alveolar macrophages and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) after infection with SNV. In addition, we examined the effect of TNF-alpha on HUVEC monolayer leakage. Our results reveal that although TNF-alpha decreases accumulation of viral nucleoproteins, TNF-alpha levels do not change in SNV-infected cells. In addition, supernatants from SNV-infected human alveolar macrophages did not cause a significant increase in endothelial monolayer permeability.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Cell and Molecular Biology Program, School of Medicine, University of Nevada-Reno, Reno, Nevada 89557, USA.
authors.forename: S F
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Khaiboullina
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Netski
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Krumpe
authors.forename: S C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: St Jeor
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002463:Cell Membrane Permeability / Q000187:drug effects; D002522:Chlorocebus aethiops; D017077:Culture Media, Conditioned / Q000494:pharmacology; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000821:virology*; D006476:Orthohantavirus; D018778:Hantavirus Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000821:virology; D006801:Humans; D016676:Macrophages, Alveolar / Q000378:metabolism / Q000821:virology; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014709:Vero Cells
chemical_list: D017077:Culture Media, Conditioned; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha