title: Antonovsky's sense of coherence: trait or state?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of this study was first to analyze the stability of Antonovsky's Sense of Coherence (SOC) as a measure of a person's world view over time; secondly, to investigate its relationship with depression and anxiety.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data from two longitudinal studies were used: a study of severely injured accident victims (n = 96), and a study of patients suffering from rheumatoid arthritis (RA, n = 60). The 13 items short version of the SOC scale and measures of depression and anxiety (Symptom Checklist, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale) were administered repeatedly over 6-12 months in both studies.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the sample of accident victims, a significant decrease in the SOC mean score was observed during the first half year after the accident. During the same time period, symptoms of anxiety and depression decreased significantly. In the second half year after the accident, SOC as well as measures of psychopathology remained stable. RA patients showed high stability of SOC and measures of anxiety and depression over time. In both samples, between-time correlations of SOC scores were high (r > or = 0. 70, p<0.01), indicating a high test-retest stability of SOC. Furthermore, in both samples, significant negative correlations of a moderate to high degree (r = -0.28 to -0.73, p<0.01) were found between SOC and measures of anxiety and depression.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  SOC can be seen as a relatively stable (trait) measure. However, traumatic events such as life-threatening accidents may change a person's world view and thus their SOC, even if psychiatric symptoms abate. This suggests that SOC is not merely a proxy measure of psychopathology, but rather a partially independent, general measure of a person's world view.
authors.affiliation: Psychiatric Department, University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland. uschnyd@psyp.unizh.ch
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Schnyder
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Büchi
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sensky
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Klaghofer
mesh_terms: D000063:Accidents, Traffic / Q000523:psychology*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001008:Anxiety Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis*; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008016:Life Change Events; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010551:Personality; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D011594:Psychometrics; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013315:Stress, Psychological