title: Scanning the visual world: a study of patients with homonymous hemianopia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study examined the scanpaths of patients with homonymous hemianopia while viewing naturalistic pictures in their original and also spatially filtered forms. Features of their scanpaths with respect to various saccade and fixation parameters were examined to determine whether they develop compensatory eye movement strategies. The effects of various lesion parameters including location, size, and age on the evolution of such strategies were considered.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eye movements of eight patients with homonymous hemianopia (four left, four right), but lacking neglect, were recorded while they viewed 22 images of real scenes, and they were compared with the eye movements of eight age matched controls. Subjects viewed each image for 3 seconds, initially in a spatially filtered form in which much of the semantic content had been removed, and then in their unfiltered, original form.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients differed significantly from controls in various fixation and saccade parameters. For fixation parameters patients with hemianopia fixated different spatial positions from controls, made more fixations which were more widely distributed and of shorter duration than controls, and spent a greater proportion of their total fixation time in the area corresponding to their blind hemifield. They did not make significantly more refixations than controls. For saccade parameters patients made more saccades into their blind hemifield, these saccades having shorter latencies and shorter amplitudes than those made into their seeing field, and had longer scanpaths than control subjects. The amplitude of their first saccade was longer than that of controls although its direction did not correlate simply with the side of the field defect. Their mean saccade amplitude was similar to that of controls. Filtering out high spatial frequencies within images seemed to accentuate the described differences between eye movement characteristics of hemianopes and controls. Scanpath differences correlated with increasing age but not location or size of lesions causing the hemianopia.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Various features of scanpaths produced by hemianopes were different from normal subjects. These differences correlated with lesion age and may reflect the evolution of a compensatory eye movement strategy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Sensorimotor Systems, Division of Neuroscience and Psychological Medicine, Charing Cross Campus, St Dunstan's Road, London W6 8RP, UK. a.pambakian@ic.ac.uk
authors.forename: A L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Pambakian
authors.forename: D S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Wooding
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.forename: A B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Morland
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kennard
authors.forename: S K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Mannan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005133:Eye Movements / Q000502:physiology*; D006423:Hemianopsia / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D014785:Vision, Ocular / Q000502:physiology*; D014794:Visual Fields / Q000502:physiology