title: A prospective randomized multicenter study of chlormadinone acetate versus flutamide in total androgen blockade for prostate cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A randomized multicenter study was conducted to investigate the efficacy of total androgen blockade (TAB) for patients with previously untreated prostate cancer using the steroidal anti-androgen chlormadinone acetate (CMA) and the non-steroidal anti-androgen flutamide. We also compared the liver dysfunction in these two arms.
  
  
  METHODS
  From November 1995 to October 1997, 71 patients were registered into this study and 70 of them were eligible.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was no significant difference in the efficacy of TAB between CMA and flutamide at 24 weeks. The testosterone and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels in patients administered flutamide (Group II) increased significantly 3 days after the first dose of LH-RH analog, whereas no such increase was observed in patients administered CMA (Group I), indicating that CMA prevented the flare-up. Parameters of liver function, serum GOT and GPT levels, which were normal at the baseline, became abnormal in 30.0% and 35.3%, respectively, of patients in Group II. These figures were significantly higher than the corresponding figures of 6.3% and 12.5%, respectively, in Group I. When the degree of change in each of these parameters was analyzed, both GOT and GPT levels showed a significantly greater increase in Group II than in Group I.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results indicate that attention must be paid to changes in liver function during the administration of flutamide in patients with prostate cancer even if their baseline liver function is normal. It is also suggested that CMA may be better tolerated from the viewpoint of the drug effects on liver function.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan. ozn-kkr@nmu-gw.naramed-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ozono
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Okajima
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yamaguchi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yoshikawa
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Iwai
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Moriya
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yoshida
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Samma
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Maruyama
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hirao
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D000368:Aged; D000726:Androgen Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018931:Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002715:Chlormadinone Acetate / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005485:Flutamide / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D008099:Liver / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology
chemical_list: D000726:Androgen Antagonists; D018931:Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D002715:Chlormadinone Acetate; C059236:chlormadinol acetate; D005485:Flutamide