title: The role of adrenomedullin in varicocele and impotence.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the levels of adrenomedullin (a vasodilatory peptide) in penile blood before and after injection with papaverine in impotent men, and in the internal spermatic vein in infertile patients with varicocele, comparing the results with levels in the brachial vein in the same patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Intracavernosal levels of adrenomedullin were determined in 14 impotent men (with no vascular pathology, as assessed by colour Doppler ultrasonography) before and after papaverine-induced penile erection. The effect of needle puncture alone was assessed in eight control patients. The level of adrenomedullin was also measured in the internal spermatic vein and brachial vein in 14 infertile men with varicocele.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean (SD) intracavernosal adrenomedullin levels in the 14 impotent men were significantly different between the flaccid and papaverine-induced erectile state, at 93.5 (33.0) and 135.8 (34.9) pmol/mL, respectively, (P < 0.05). Needle puncture alone had no effect on adrenomedullin levels. In men with varicocele, the adrenomedullin level of 139.0 (34.3) pmol/mL within the internal spermatic vein was significantly higher than that in the brachial vein, at 103.9 (37.6) pmol/mL (P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Injection with papaverine increases adrenomedullin release into penile blood; this release may be responsible for the increase in penile blood flow and penile erection. Higher levels of adrenomedullin within the internal spermatic vein of patients with varicocele may result from the retrograde flow of venous blood from the left adrenal gland and kidney. Further studies are needed to determine the role of adrenomedullin in male infertility and impotence.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Gaziantep University School of Medicine and Departments of Molecular Biology and Urology, Inonu University School of Medicine, Gaziantep, Turkey. eozbek@superonline.com
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ozbek
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yurekli
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Soylu
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Davarci
authors.forename: M D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Balbay
mesh_terms: D053607:Adrenomedullin; D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D007172:Erectile Dysfunction / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans; D007248:Infertility, Male / Q000150:complications*; D007267:Injections; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010208:Papaverine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010455:Peptides / Q000097:blood*; D014646:Varicocele / Q000150:complications*; D014665:Vasodilator Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D010455:Peptides; D014665:Vasodilator Agents; D053607:Adrenomedullin; D010208:Papaverine