Effect of potent antiretroviral therapy on immune responses to Mycobacterium avium in human immunodeficiency virus-infected subjects.
To characterize the influence of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) on cell-mediated immunity (CMI) to Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC), we measured immune responses to M. avium in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals before and during HAART, in subjects with a history of disseminated MAC (DMAC), and in HIV-uninfected control subjects. Forty-seven percent of untreated HIV-infected patients and 78% of control subjects exhibited in vitro proliferative responses to M. avium (P=.03). Proliferative responses to M. avium increased after HAART for 3 months and were present in 77% of subjects after 6 months. Mean interferon-gamma production increased from 199 to 1156 pg/mL after HAART (P=.06). Proliferative responses to M. avium occurred in 76% of DMAC subjects receiving HAART. CD4 and CD8 but not gammadelta T cells expanded in response to M. avium. CMI to M. avium reconstitutes rapidly after HAART and appears sustained even with partial viral suppression.
Havlir
D V
DV
Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, UCSD Treatment Center, San Diego, CA 92103, USA. dhavlir@ucsd.edu
Schrier
R D
RD
Torriani
F J
FJ
Chervenak
K
K
Hwang
J Y
JY
Boom
W H
WH
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D023241:Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; D018791:CD4 Lymphocyte Count; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D018414:CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D015331:Cohort Studies; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology; D015497:HIV-1; D006801:Humans; D007111:Immunity, Cellular; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000032:analysis; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation; D008875:Middle Aged; D009162:Mycobacterium avium / Q000276:immunology*; D016692:Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta / Q000276:immunology; D014391:Tuberculosis, Miliary / Q000150:complications / Q000276:immunology
D016692:Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta; D007371:Interferon-gamma