title: Template requirements for RNA synthesis by a recombinant hepatitis C virus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase.
abstract: The RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) from hepatitis C virus (HCV), nonstructural protein 5B (NS5B), has recently been shown to direct de novo initiation using a number of complex RNA templates. In this study, we analyzed the features in simple RNA templates that are required to direct de novo initiation of RNA synthesis by HCV NS5B. NS5B was found to protect RNA fragments of 8 to 10 nucleotides (nt) from RNase digestion. However, NS5B could not direct RNA synthesis unless the template contained a stable secondary structure and a single-stranded sequence that contained at least one 3' cytidylate. The structure of a 25-nt template, named SLD3, was determined by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy to contain an 8-bp stem and a 6-nt single-stranded sequence. Systematic analysis of changes in SLD3 revealed which features in the stem, loop, and 3' single-stranded sequence were required for efficient RNA synthesis. Also, chimeric molecules composed of DNA and RNA demonstrated that a DNA molecule containing a 3'-terminal ribocytidylate was able to direct RNA synthesis as efficiently as a sequence composed entirely of RNA. These results define the template sequence and structure sufficient to direct the de novo initiation of RNA synthesis by HCV RdRp.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA.
authors.forename: C C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Kao
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kline
authors.forename: Q M
authors.initials: QM
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Barket
authors.forename: B A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Heinz
mesh_terms: D016174:Hepacivirus / Q000235:genetics*; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000737:chemistry; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology; D017361:Viral Nonstructural Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012697:Serine Endopeptidases; D043583:Nucleoside-Triphosphatase; D053487:DEAD-box RNA Helicases; D000085242:Viral Proteases
chemical_list: D012367:RNA, Viral; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D017361:Viral Nonstructural Proteins; C084422:NS3 protein, hepatitis C virus; D012697:Serine Endopeptidases; D043583:Nucleoside-Triphosphatase; D053487:DEAD-box RNA Helicases; D000085242:Viral Proteases