title: Undernutrition and childhood infections: a prospective study of childhood infections in relation to growth in the Sudan.
abstract: The relationships between both diarrhoea and respiratory infections and linear and ponderal growth were prospectively examined among 28 753 Sudanese pre-school children. Childhood infections were significantly and inversely associated with attained height and attained weight and gain in height and weight over a 6-mo period. They were significantly and positively associated also with stunting after adjusting for age, gender, socio-economic status, dietary variables and previous morbidity. Attained height was on average 17 mm lower (95% CI [-19 -15]) for children with diarrhoea and 11 mm lower (95% CI [-3 -9]) for children with complicated cough than for those without these symptoms. The association between morbidity and attained weight was significant for diarrhoea and complicated cough, but the differences between children with and without symptoms were negligible. The risk of being stunted 6 mo later was 1.38 times (95% CI [1.20 1.59]), 1.29 times (95% CI [0.97 1.72]) and 1.32 times (95% CI [1.13 1.54]) greater among normally-nourished children with diarrhoea, febrile diarrhoea and fever, respectively, than among children without these symptoms. The difference in attained height between children with diarrhoea or complicated cough and those without symptoms increased with age, and was larger among the non-breastfed children compared with breastfed children.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results underline the need to reduce child morbidity to prevent the impairment of growth and development.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kossmann
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Nestel
authors.forename: M G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Herrera
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: El-Amin
authors.forename: W W
authors.initials: WW
authors.lastname: Fawzi
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002657:Child Development; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007239:Infections / Q000209:etiology*; D008297:Male; D009748:Nutrition Disorders / Q000150:complications*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012424:Rural Population; D013397:Sudan