title: In vivo gene gun-mediated transduction into rat heart with Epstein-Barr virus-based episomal vectors.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Gene guns have been used to transfer genes into various organs, but there has been no report of successful gene gun-mediated gene transfer into the heart. In this study, we assessed the possibility of gene therapy using a gene gun and an episomal plasmid vector.
  
  
  METHODS
  Gene transfer was performed using two sizes of gold particles and two plasmids (an episomal vector and a conventional plasmid vector). From the first to eighth week after the bombardment, rats were sacrificed. The excised hearts were subjected to X-gal staining and histologic examination. To ensure that plasmid was not distributed to organs other than the heart, the presence of the beta-gal sequence was examined by polymerase chain reaction analyses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Gene expression persisted for 6 weeks. The episomal vector apparently contributed to long-lasting expression. Infiltration of monocytes or leukocytes was very faint. The beta-gal DNA was detected in bombarded hearts but not other organs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Gene gun-mediated transfer of the episomal vector into beating heart may provide a simple, efficient, and useful strategy for gene therapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery III, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan. nszk@naramed-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nishizaki
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Mazda
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Dohi
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kawata
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mizuguchi
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kitamura
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Taniguchi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D019470:Biolistics; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D004854:Herpesvirus 4, Human / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D010957:Plasmids / Q000235:genetics*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D014161:Transduction, Genetic