title: Single-episode photodynamic therapy and vulval intraepithelial neoplasia type III resistant to conventional therapy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Photodynamic therapy (PDT) using topical 5-aminolaevulinic acid (5-ALA) has been suggested as an effective and tissue-conserving method of treating carcinoma in situ of the vulva.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate PDT in patients with vulval intraepithelial neoplasia type III (VIN III).
  
  
  METHODS
  Topical PDT was performed in six patients with VIN III. Five of the six patients had persistent disease following treatment with other modalities including 5-fluorouracil cream, cryotherapy, carbon dioxide laser ablation and excision. Each patient was treated once with a fluence of 150 J cm-2 using a broad-band light source (580-740 nm) 4 h after topical application of 20% 5-ALA. Patients were reviewed clinically at 1 month and 6 months after treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All of the patients developed initial erythema of treated sites, three with subsequent erosions. All patients had clinically evident persistent VIN III at 1-month review. Five patients have subsequently undergone surgical treatment and one is regularly reviewed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This small uncontrolled study indicates that, as currently administered, a single episode of topical PDT is not effective in the management of treatment-resistant VIN III.
authors.affiliation: Dermatological Surgery and Laser Unit and Vulval Clinic, St John's Institute of Dermatology, St Thomas' Hospital, London SE1 7EH, U.K.
authors.forename: H A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Kurwa
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Barlow
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Neill
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000622:Aminolevulinic Acid / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002278:Carcinoma in Situ / Q000188:drug therapy*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D010778:Photochemotherapy / Q000379:methods*; D017319:Photosensitizing Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010865:Pilot Projects; D017211:Treatment Failure; D014846:Vulvar Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy*
chemical_list: D017319:Photosensitizing Agents; D000622:Aminolevulinic Acid