title: Rod-mediated increment threshold functions in infants.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To obtain and analyze scotopic increment threshold functions to test the hypothesis that rod photoreceptor immaturity accounts for the elevation of infants' over controls' dark-adapted thresholds and elevation of parafoveal over peripheral thresholds in infants.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using a preferential looking method, thresholds for detection of 2(o), 50 msec, blue stimuli presented 10(o) (parafoveal) or 30(o) (peripheral) eccentric were measured in the dark and in the presence of steady red backgrounds. Ten 10-week-old infants and four control subjects (8-35 years) were tested. To evaluate pre- and postadaptation site determinants of threshold, a model of the increment threshold function was fit to the data, and the dark-adapted threshold (T(D)) and eigengrau (A(O)) were calculated. The values of T(D) and A(O) were compared between infants and controls and between parafoveal and peripheral eccentricities.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At both parafoveal and peripheral eccentricities, infants' values of T(D) and A(O) were significantly higher than those of controls. The locus of the coordinates (A(O), T(D)) differed significantly between parafoveal and peripheral eccentricities. In every infant, the parafoveal value of T(D) was higher (by 0.3-0.6 log unit) and A(O) lower (by 0.2-0.5 log unit) than the peripheral value, whereas controls had no difference in T(D) and A(O) at the two eccentricities.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results indicate that both receptoral and postreceptoral immaturities have a role in the elevation of infants' over controls' thresholds. In infants, rod photoreceptor immaturity before the site of adaptation accounts for elevation of parafoveal over peripheral thresholds.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. hansen_r@al.tch.harvard.edu
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Hansen
authors.forename: A B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Fulton
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D003623:Dark Adaptation; D004594:Electrophysiology; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D017948:Retinal Rod Photoreceptor Cells / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology*; D012684:Sensory Thresholds / Q000502:physiology; D014796:Visual Perception / Q000502:physiology*