title: Regiocontrolled synthesis of the antitumor antibiotic AT2433-A1.
abstract: The indolo[2,3-a]carbazole glycosides are potent antitumor antibiotics currently undergoing clinical trials for the treatment of numerous types of cancer. AT2433-A1 is the most complex member of this family of compounds possessing a unique disaccharide with a sensitive aminodeoxysugar and an unsymmetric aglycon. The synthesis of this natural product requires a method for glycosylation that sets the stereochemistry of the anomeric center and the regiochemistry of the aglycon. These goals were accomplished by carrying out the Mannich cyclization of a bis-3, 4-(3-indolyl)succinimide to give a key class of indoline intermediates that could be glycosylated stereoselectively with complex carbohydrates without hydroxyl protection or activation. The regiochemistry of the Mannich cyclization was precisely controlled by choosing between kinetic or thermodynamic conditions. This strategy culminated in the first synthesis of the antitumor antibiotic AT2433-A1.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, USA.
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Chisholm
authors.forename: D L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Van Vranken
mesh_terms: D000617:Aminoglycosides; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000138:chemical synthesis*; D000903:Antibiotics, Antineoplastic / Q000138:chemical synthesis*; D002227:Carbazoles; D002240:Carbohydrate Sequence; D002241:Carbohydrates / Q000737:chemistry; D007202:Indicators and Reagents; D007211:Indoles; D008352:Mannich Bases
chemical_list: D000617:Aminoglycosides; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000903:Antibiotics, Antineoplastic; D002227:Carbazoles; D002241:Carbohydrates; D007202:Indicators and Reagents; D007211:Indoles; D008352:Mannich Bases; C061861:AT 2433-A1