title: Development of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the fungicide imazalil in citrus fruits.
abstract: Imazalil has been widely used in citrus fruits such as lemons, oranges, and grapefruits. A competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed for the detection of residual imazalil in citrus fruits. A monoclonal antibody (MoAb) generated to the synthetic imazalil hapten (EIT-0073)-protein conjugate was used. This assay was applied to lemon, orange, and grapefruit matrices for an imazalil analysis. The acceptable residue level for lemons, oranges, and grapefruits in Japan is 5 ppm. The matrix interference was minimized by direct dilution of the sample homogenate. No further cleanup was needed. The detection limit for imazalil in these citrus fruits was 0.1 ng/mL. The recovery of each fortified citrus fruit sample was >81.0%. The imazalil recovery measured by the proposed ELISA was compared to the recovery determined by a conventional HPLC. A good correlation was observed between the proposed ELISA and the HPLC. This proposed ELISA would be useful for monitoring for residual imazalil.
authors.affiliation: Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hayashi
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yuasa
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nakazawa
mesh_terms: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D002957:Citrus / Q000737:chemistry*; D003429:Cross Reactions; D004350:Drug Residues / Q000032:analysis; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay / Q000379:methods; D005659:Fungicides, Industrial / Q000032:analysis*; D006241:Haptens; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000032:analysis*; D007564:Japan
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D005659:Fungicides, Industrial; D006241:Haptens; D007093:Imidazoles; C017435:enilconazole