title: Epididymitis in children: is further investigation necessary after the first episode?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of investigating underlying urinary tract pathology after the first episode of acute epididymitis in children with no prior urological history, and also to assess the possible predictive factors of urological disease at the time of diagnosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Children with acute epididymitis were studied retrospectively over a period of 8 years. Diagnosis was made either using ultrasonography or surgical exploration. Renal ultrasonography and voiding cystourethrography were performed 1 month after epididymitis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  These tests were carried out in 38 children who revealed 7 anomalies (18%). Only 1 patient received further surgery : endoscopic treatment of a ureterocele. We also studied 3 predictive factors: age <2 years; recurrence, and urine bacteria. None could be associated with the presence of urinary tract pathology.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The authors suggest that, when there is no previous urological anomaly and absence of bacteriuria, routine screening for epididymitis should be carried out following the second episode.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Surgery, Rouen University Hospital--Charles Nicolle, Rouen, France.
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Cappèle
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Liard
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Barret
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bachy
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mitrofanoff
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004823:Epididymitis / Q000175:diagnosis*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D012189:Retrospective Studies