title: Ganglion cell loss after optic nerve crush mediated through AMPA-kainate and NMDA receptors.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Glutamate antagonists can block ganglion cell death due to optic nerve crush. Although most investigators have focused on blockade of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) subtype of glutamate receptor, we have chosen to evaluate the efficacy of blockade of the AMPA-kainate (KA) receptor in this experimental paradigm.
  
  
  METHODS
  The optic nerves of rats were crushed, and ganglion cell survival was assessed. Groups of animals were treated with an NMDA antagonist, an AMPA-KA antagonist, or both.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The AMPA-KA antagonist DNQX was more effective, although not additive in preserving retinal ganglion cells after optic nerve crush than the NMDA antagonist MK801.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Activation of the AMPA-KA subtype of glutamate receptor may play a role in glutamate-mediated cell death after optic nerve crush.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Veterans Administration and the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Schuettauf
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Naskar
authors.forename: C K
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Vorwerk
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zurakowski
authors.forename: E B
authors.initials: EB
authors.lastname: Dreyer
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D016291:Dizocilpine Maleate / Q000494:pharmacology; D018691:Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D009409:Nerve Crush; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D020221:Optic Nerve Injuries / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D011810:Quinoxalines / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D020318:Rats, Long-Evans; D018091:Receptors, AMPA / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D018092:Kainic Acid Receptors / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D016194:Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D012165:Retinal Ganglion Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D016291:Dizocilpine Maleate; D018691:Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D011810:Quinoxalines; D018091:Receptors, AMPA; D018092:Kainic Acid Receptors; D016194:Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; C056723:FG 9041