title: Smoking after nicotine deprivation enhances cognitive performance and decreases tobacco craving in drug abusers.
abstract: This study investigated the effects of nicotine deprivation and smoking on cognitive abilities and tobacco craving. Twenty smokers with histories of drug abuse completed the Questionnaire on Smoking Urges (QSU) and two cognitive tests before and after smoking two cigarettes during two 90-min sessions. After two cigarettes were smoked at Session 1, subjects were tobacco abstinent for 18 h until Session 2 the next morning. Response time on a logical reasoning test was unchanged by tobacco deprivation and was faster after smoking on Session 2. Deprivation slowed responding on a letter search test, which was reversed by smoking to pre-deprivation baseline. Tobacco deprivation increased scores on the QSU; smoking after deprivation reduced craving scores to smoking baseline levels. These results confirmed the utility of the QSU to measure changes in craving induced by tobacco deprivation and smoking. Further, the data suggest that deprivation-induced deficits and smoking-induced enhancements in performance may be specific to certain cognitive domains.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, Allegheny University of the Health Sciences, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Bell
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.forename: E G
authors.initials: EG
authors.lastname: Singleton
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Henningfield
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Heishman
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000378:metabolism; D003071:Cognition / Q000187:drug effects*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010947:Plants, Toxic; D011930:Reaction Time; D012907:Smoking / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology*; D013375:Substance Withdrawal Syndrome / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology*; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000150:complications; D014026:Nicotiana / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D002245:Carbon Dioxide