Swine vesicular disease, studies on pathogenesis, diagnosis, and epizootiology: a review.
Swine vesicular disease (SVD) is a contagious viral disease of swine. It causes vesicular lesions indistinguishable from those observed of foot-and-mouth disease. Infection with SVD virus (SVDV) can lead to viraemia within 1 day and can produce clinical signs 2 days after a pig has come into contact with infected pigs or a virus-contaminated environment. Virus can be detected 3.5 hours after infection using immunohistochemistry. In these in vitro studies, this technique was superior to in-situ hybridization. In SVDV-infected tissues, however, more infected cells were positive using in-situ hybridization, and these were already seen 4.5 hours after infection. For serological diagnosis of SVD several new enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA's) have been developed. The newest ELISAs, based on monoclonal antibodies, are superior to the previous tests. The new tests produce fewer less false-negative results and enable large-scale serological screening. In screening programmes a small percentage of false positive reactors have been detected. The cause of these false-positive reactions has not been identified, though infections with human Coxsackie B5 virus can be excluded.
Dekker
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Department of Mammalian Virology, Institute for Animal Science and Health, ID-Lelystad, The Netherlands. A.Dekker@id.wag-ur.nl
D000818:Animals; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay / Q000662:veterinary; D005189:False Positive Reactions; D007150:Immunohistochemistry / Q000662:veterinary; D017403:In Situ Hybridization / Q000662:veterinary; D013552:Swine; D013555:Swine Vesicular Disease / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D013997:Time Factors