title: Fatal antidepressant overdose among drug abusers and non-drug abusers.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study examined the predictors, extent and pattern of fatal antidepressant overdose (FAO) in all psychoactive drug-related deaths and compared these in drug abusers and non-drug abusers.
  
  
  METHODS
  Inquest data on 491 psychoactive drug-related cases in England and Wales were analysed. We examined predictors of FAO relative to other drug-related deaths in drug abusers and non-abusers using logistic regression, and compared the relative fatality of different antidepressant classes using the Proportionate Fatality Index (PFI).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The overall FAO prevalence ratio was 10% (male = 7.1%, female = 18.5%). FAO was twice as likely to occur among cases aged 45 years and over than in younger cases (MOR = 2.6, 95% CI = 1.4-4.9), and eight times more likely to occur in cases with no history of drug abuse (MOR = 8.2, 95% CI = 4.0-18.4). Ingestion of prescribed antidepressants is the only common predictor of FAO among drug abusers and non-abusers, and co-ingestion of a combination of antidepressants of two different classes is a potent risk for FAO in the cases studied.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results highlight the need to develop appropriate therapeutic strategies for managing treatment-resistant depression.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry of Addictive Behaviour, St George's Hospital Medical School, London, UK.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Oyefeso
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Valmana
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Clancy
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ghodse
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Williams
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000928:Antidepressive Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D003863:Depression / Q000188:drug therapy; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D062787:Drug Overdose; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis*
chemical_list: D000928:Antidepressive Agents