title: Electrosurgical facial resurfacing: a prospective multicenter study of efficacy and safety.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A novel electrosurgical technology that uses a bipolar electrode-tipped stylet to deliver relatively low-radiofrequency energy through an electrically conductive medium has been developed.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the efficacy and safety of the radiofrequency resurfacing system for the treatment of facial wrinkles.
  
  
  METHODS
  Multicenter, prospective, noncomparative study with longitudinal follow-up.
  
  
  METHODS
  Four US academic dermatologic surgery clinics.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ninety-five patients with mild to severe photodamage (Fitzpatrick classes I-III) involving periorbital (75 treatment sites) and perioral (50 sites) facial skin.
  
  
  METHODS
  Radiofrequency resurfacing with the use of 2 to 3 passes at 125 or 139 V.
  
  
  METHODS
  Wrinkle and cosmetic improvements evaluated by patients, investigators, and, by means of photographs, an independent panel of 5 evaluators.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All evaluators determined a positive mean improvement in wrinkles for both periorbital and perioral anatomic sites, with greater improvement for patients with more severe wrinkles at baseline. An increased number of passes and higher voltage settings had a positive impact on wrinkle improvement. Transient postinflammatory hyperpigmentation occurred in 26% of periorbital and 4% of perioral sites. Hypertrophic scars occurred in 3.8% of treatment sites, with all but 1 scar resolving by 6 months. For the most part, healing was rapid, pain was minimal, and erythema largely resolved within 2 months. Other untoward effects were relatively few and short-lived.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  At the study settings used, radiofrequency resurfacing is an effective modality in the treatment of periorbital and perioral wrinkles in patients with Fitzpatrick class I, II, and III photodamage. There is less severe postoperative morbidity than seen with carbon dioxide or coagulating erbium:YAG lasers. The potential risks are similar to those seen with other resurfacing modalities.
authors.affiliation: Dermatological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, 1701 Divisadero St, Room 356, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA. rcgrekin@orca.ucsf.edu
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Grekin
authors.forename: W D
authors.initials: WD
authors.lastname: Tope
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Yarborough
authors.forename: I H
authors.initials: IH
authors.lastname: Olhoffer
authors.forename: P K
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Leffell
authors.forename: C B
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Zachary
mesh_terms: D004598:Electrosurgery; D005148:Facial Dermatoses / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D015595:Skin Aging; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014481:United States