title: Activated peritoneal macrophages inhibit the proliferation of rat ascites hepatoma AH-130 cells via the production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and nitric oxide.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the effect of peritoneal macrophages on tumor cell proliferation, we cultured ascites hepatoma AH-130 cells with unstimulated, or lipopolysaccharide (LPS)- or interleukin (IL)-2-stimulated rat peritoneal macrophages, and examined the proliferation of AH-130 cells.
  
  
  METHODS
  Rat peritoneal macrophages isolated from male Wistar rats were co-cultured with AH-130 cells in the absence or presence of LPS or IL-2. After incubation, proliferation of AH-130 cells was analyzed using flow cytometry. In addition, the levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and nitric oxide (NOx, nitrate + nitrite) in the culture supernatants were measured. Furthermore, anti-TNF-alpha antibody (10 microg/ml) and nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, N(G)-monomethyl-L-arginine (L-NMMA, 100 microM) were added to the coculture, and their effect on AH-130 cell proliferation was examined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  When AH-130 cells were co-cultured with unstimulated peritoneal macrophages, proliferation of AH-130 cells was not affected. In contrast, when AH-130 cells were cocultured with peritoneal macrophages in the presence of LPS (0.1-20 microg/ml) or IL-2 (1-200 U/ml), proliferation of AH130 cells was dose-dependently suppressed by LPS or IL-2. Moreover, LPS- or IL-2-stimulation increased the levels of TNF-alpha and NOx in the supernatants of AH-130 cell and macrophage co-culture, although LPS and IL-2 did not induce TNF-alpha and NOx production by AH-130 cells incubated without macrophages. Interestingly, anti-TNF-alpha antibody and L-NMMA significantly inhibited the suppression of AH-130 cell proliferation by LPS- or IL-2-stimulated macrophages (p < 0.05). Furthermore, exogenously added recombinant rat TNF-alpha (0.26-1300 ng/ml) or NO donor (GSNO, S-nitroso-L-glutathione) (0.1 - 10 mM) dose-dependently suppressed the proliferation of AH-130 cells in the absence of macrophages.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Together these observations suggest that when peritoneal macrophages are activated by LPS and IL-2, they suppress the proliferation of ascites hepatoma AH-130 cells via the production of TNF-alpha and nitric oxide.
authors.affiliation: First Department of Surgery, Juntendo University, School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Maekawa
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Iwabuchi
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Nagaoka
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kamano
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tsurumaru
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002455:Cell Division; D018920:Coculture Techniques; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000494:pharmacology; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology; D008114:Liver Neoplasms, Experimental / Q000473:pathology*; D008262:Macrophage Activation; D017737:Macrophages, Peritoneal / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D019323:omega-N-Methylarginine / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D007376:Interleukin-2; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D019323:omega-N-Methylarginine; D009569:Nitric Oxide