title: Occult craniocerebral injuries from dog bites in young children.
abstract: Although dog bite injuries to the head and scalp of children occur frequently, penetrating dog bite wounds to the cranial vault occur only occasionally and may go unnoticed on initial examination. Substantial morbidity and mortality can ensue if these penetrating injuries are not detected and treated. The authors detail the evaluation of dog bites of the scalp in young children. They highlight the ease with which puncture wounds of the calvarium may be missed during physical examination as a result of scalp displacement at the time of puncture. The cranial puncture may not be large and may later be covered by scalp that returns to its native position. Well-scrutinized skull films and a careful, methodical physical examination are advocated. Recognized craniocerebral injuries should be explored. Depressed cranial fractures should be irrigated, debrided, and elevated. Dural tears should be repaired. Expedient management is necessary to prevent meningitis and its associated sequelae.
authors.affiliation: Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA 15261, USA.
authors.forename: A C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Mason
authors.forename: D D
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Zabel
authors.forename: E K
authors.initials: EK
authors.lastname: Manders
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001733:Bites and Stings / Q000150:complications* / Q000601:surgery; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004285:Dogs; D004388:Dura Mater / Q000293:injuries*; D018460:Fractures, Comminuted / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D022125:Lacerations / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D012535:Scalp / Q000293:injuries*; D012887:Skull Fractures / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000601:surgery; D014950:Wounds, Penetrating / Q000601:surgery*