title: The five minute speech sample in children with asthma: deconstructing the construct of expressed emotion.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To use the Five Minute Speech Sample (FMSS) to assess Expressed Emotion (EE) in various samples of children with asthma in order to clarify (1) developmental and validity issues for the EE construct and (2) the use of the FMSS technique, specifically, in children with chronic medical illness.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were collected on a sample of 84 adolescents with severe, chronic asthma who had failed outpatient management. In addition, a sample of 30 children with asthma, ages 6-9. were recruited from an outpatient pediatric clinic. A comparison sample of 15 children without any chronic illness, ages 6 9, were recruited by notices posted in the community. The primary caregiver of each child was assessed using the FMSS.
  
  
  RESULTS
  FMSS interviews were reliability coded in all samples. Rates of high Criticism (FMSS CRIT), Emotional Overinvolvement (FMSS EOI), and EE were comparable to rates previously reported in child and adolescent samples. Although the validity for ratings of FMSS CRIT was well supported, the validity of FMSS EOI ratings and the overall EE construct were more problematic.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The FMSS is a useful and largely valid measure in children with asthma. Ratings of FMSS CRIT were found to have strong validity. There was little problem shifting the context of FMSS administration from chronic mental to chronic medical illness, but a variety of developmental considerations arose, especially regarding FMSS EOI ratings. Although we raise concerns about viewing EE as a valid construct, it may remain a useful predictive index.
authors.affiliation: National Jewish Medical and Research Center and University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver 80206, USA. wamboldtf@njc.org
authors.forename: F S
authors.initials: FS
authors.lastname: Wamboldt
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: O'Connor
authors.forename: M Z
authors.initials: MZ
authors.lastname: Wamboldt
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Gavin
authors.forename: M D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Klinnert
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000367:Age Factors; D001249:Asthma / Q000523:psychology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D002908:Chronic Disease; D019260:Expressed Emotion; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007297:Inpatients / Q000523:psychology; D008297:Male; D010045:Outpatients / Q000523:psychology; D010287:Parent-Child Relations; D010349:Patient Compliance / Q000523:psychology; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D011594:Psychometrics; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013060:Speech