title: Comparison of the effects of novel antimuscarinic drugs on human detrusor smooth muscle.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effects of tolterodine, vamicamide and temiverine, novel antimuscarinic drugs developed for the treatment of frequency and urinary incontinence, on human detrusor smooth muscle. Materials and methods Specimens of human urinary bladder were obtained from 20 patients who underwent total cystectomy for malignant bladder tumour. Using an organ-bath technique, the effects of various drugs on the contractions induced by carbachol, KCl, CaCl2 and electrical field stimulation in the detrusor strips were investigated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Carbachol (0.001-10000 micromol/L) caused concentration-dependent contractions in human detrusor smooth muscles. Tolterodine (0.01-10 micromol/L), vamicamide (0.01-10 micromol/L), temiverine (0.01-1 micromol/L) and atropine (0.001-1 micromol/L) caused parallel shifts to the right of the concentration-response curves to carbachol. All slopes for the regression line of Schild plots were close to unity, and the rank order of pA2 values was atropine = tolterodine > vamicamide > temiverine. Tolterodine, vamicamide and atropine did not inhibit the maximum contractile responses to carbachol, while temiverine (10 micromol/L) significantly inhibited the maximum contractions. Tolterodine (0.001-1 micromol/L) and vamicamide (0.01-10 micromol/L) did not inhibit the KCl- (80 mmol/L) and CaCl2-induced (5 mmol/L) contractions, while temiverine (0.01-10 micromol/L) significantly inhibited the contractions. Electrical field stimulation (2-60 Hz) caused frequency-dependent contractions in human detrusor smooth muscles, which were significantly inhibited by various drugs. In the presence of 1 micromol/L atropine, tolterodine and vamicamide did not inhibit the contractions induced by electrical field stimulation at all frequencies, while temiverine (10 micromol/L) significantly inhibited the contractions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Tolterodine and vamicamide inhibited contractions of human detrusor smooth muscles only through their antimuscarinic action, while temiverine had both antimuscarinic and calcium-antagonist actions. Furthermore, these novel drugs have different efficacies and potencies for inhibiting human detrusor smooth muscle.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Kumamoto University School of Medicine, Kumamoto, Japan.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yono
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yoshida
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Inadome
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ueda
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002217:Carbachol / Q000494:pharmacology; D018680:Cholinergic Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003408:Cresols / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D018727:Muscarinic Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000187:drug effects; D009130:Muscle, Smooth / Q000187:drug effects*; D010648:Phenylacetates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010665:Phenylpropanolamine; D011725:Pyridines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000068737:Tolterodine Tartrate; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000187:drug effects*; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000503:physiopathology
chemical_list: D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds; D018680:Cholinergic Antagonists; D003408:Cresols; D018727:Muscarinic Antagonists; D010648:Phenylacetates; D011725:Pyridines; D010665:Phenylpropanolamine; D000068737:Tolterodine Tartrate; D002217:Carbachol; C105354:temiverine; C083702:vamicamide