title: Microscopic venous invasion: a prognostic factor in renal cell carcinoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Microscopic venous invasion (MVI) is characterized by local destruction of the endothelium by a tumor. The prognostic value of MVI in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is not well established.
  
  
  METHODS
  From 1980 until 1990, 255 patients (169 men and 86 women), aged 16-87 (mean 60) years were treated by radical nephrectomy for N0M0 RCC. There were 9 pT1, 163 pT2, 30 pT3a, 34 pT3b, and 19 pT3ab (TNM 1992). The median follow-up time was 74 months. MVI was determined by a double-blind histological study with immunohistochemical staining.
  
  
  RESULTS
  MVI was noted in 74 patients (29%). MVI significantly increased metastatic progression (p = 0.003). Only stage and Fuhrman's grade were significant factors for metastatic progression in a multivariate analysis. MVI decreased the actuarial survival rates at 1 year (p = 0.01), but not significantly at 5 and 10 years. MVI and non-MVI survival curves were statistically different with the Peto/Wilcoxon (p = 0.04) and Gehan/Wilcoxon (p = 0.03) tests, but not with the log rank test (p = 0.06). MVI decreased survival in cases with a tumor size of 10 cm or more, capsular invasion, macroscopic venous invasion, stage pT3ab, sarcomatoid cell carcinoma and Fuhrman's grade IV. Only the stage was a significant factor for survival in a multivariate analysis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In RCC, MVI is related to cancer progression and survival, but probably not as an independent prognostic factor.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, France.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lang
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Lindner
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Saussine
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Havel
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Faure
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Jacqmin
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000401:mortality* / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000098:blood supply; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality* / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D008833:Microcirculation; D008875:Middle Aged; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009392:Nephrectomy; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015996:Survival Rate; D014680:Veins