title: Enhancement of hepatocarcinogenesis initiated with diethylnitrosamine or N-nitrosobis(2-hydroxypropyl)amine by a choline-deficient, L-amino acid-defined diet administered prior to the carcinogen exposure in rats.
abstract: Effects of pre-administration of a choline-deficient, L-amino acid-defined (CDAA) diet on hepatocarcinogenesis initiated with diethylnitrosamine (DEN) or N-nitrosobis(2-hydroxypropyl)amine (BHP) in rats were investigated. A pre-administrating period was set as 1 week, because CDAA diet induces liver injuries by this time-point. In a time-course study, male Fischer 344 rats, 6 weeks old, received a 1-week pre-administration of choline-supplemented, L-amino acid-defined (CSAA) or CDAA diet, DEN at a dose of 100 mg/kg body weight by a single intraperitoneal injection, then CSAA or CDAA diet for up to 8 weeks, and were sacrificed 4, 6 and 8 weeks after DEN. CDAA diet administered only after DEN significantly increased the numbers of glutathione S-transferase placental form (GST-P)-positive lesions 4, 6 and 8 weeks after DEN and their sizes 6 and 8 weeks after DEN. CDAA diet administered both before and after DEN similarly increased the numbers and sizes of GST-P-positive lesions, but with a significantly greater degree than obtained by the diet administered only after DEN. In a dose response study, rats received vechicle or DEN, at a dose of 0.001, 0.01, 0.1, 1, 10, 20, 50, 100 or 200 mg/kg body weight, 1 week after the commencement of CSAA or CDAA diet, and sacrificed 8 weeks after vehicle or DEN. The significant increases of the numbers of GST-P-positive lesions were obtained after 50-200 mg/kg body weight of DEN under the CSAA diet administration, whereas those were detected after 10-200 mg/kg under CDAA diet administration. Sizes became significantly larger with only 200 mg/kg body weight of DEN in the CSAA case but with 50-200 mg/kg in the CDAA case. Male Wistar rats received a 1-week pre-administration of CSAA or CDAA diet, vehicle or BHP, at a dose of 600 or 1200 mg/kg body weight, by a single intraperitoneal injection, then CSAA or CDAA diet for 8 weeks, and were then sacrificed. The numbers of GST-P-positive lesions demonstrated significant increment with 1200 mg/kg body weight of BHP by CDAA diet administered only after BHP and, to a significantly greater degree, by the diet administered both before and after BHP. While CDAA diet administered only after BHP did not alter the sizes of GST-P-positive lesions, the diet administered both before and after 600 and 1200 mg/kg body weight of BHP significantly increased the sizes of the lesions. These results indicate that the pre- plus post-administration of CDAA diet enhances hepatocarcinogenesis initiated with DEN or BHP, more than the post-administration only, thus providing a sensitive model to detect weak liver carcinogenic potency of environmental chemicals.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncological Pathology, Cancer Center, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kishida
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Nakae
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Kusuoka
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Kitayama
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Denda
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Fukui
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Konishi
mesh_terms: D000596:Amino Acids / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000818:Animals; D002796:Choline Deficiency / Q000150:complications*; D004032:Diet; D004052:Diethylnitrosamine; D005982:Glutathione Transferase / Q000378:metabolism; D008114:Liver Neoplasms, Experimental / Q000209:etiology*; D008297:Male; D009602:Nitrosamines; D051381:Rats; D011916:Rats, Inbred F344; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D018570:Risk Assessment
chemical_list: D000596:Amino Acids; D009602:Nitrosamines; D004052:Diethylnitrosamine; C012457:diisopropanolnitrosamine; D005982:Glutathione Transferase