title: Sleep-related erections in vegetative state patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether sleep-related erections occur in vegetative state and if so, to investigate their relationship with rapid eye movement (REM) sleep.
  
  
  METHODS
  N/A.
  
  
  METHODS
  Major rehabilitation hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nine male patients in vegetative state aged 17-40 years.
  
  
  METHODS
  Continuous 24-hour polysomnographic recordings including penile circumferencial changes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sleep-related erection episodes (SREe's) were noted in all nine patients, ranging in number from 1-7/24 hr (average 4.4+2.4) and lasting 6 to 50 min (average 22.0+5.7 min). The number of REM periods (REMp's) ranged from 4-11 (average 6.6+2.5) and lasted for 1.0 to 44.0 min (average 16.0+6.6 min). Ninety-five percent of the SREe's recorded were associated with REMp's, usually (76.3%) appearing simultaneously with the REMp or soon thereafter; 64.6% of the REMp's were associated with SRE's. For both the nocturnal and diurnal periods, there were more REMp's with SREe's than without, and the REMp's associated with SREe's were of longer duration (by 25.5% and 28.4%, respectively). There were no statistically significant differences for any of the REMp or SREe parameters between the recovered and nonrecovered patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The sleep-related erection characteristics of patients in vegetative state are similar to those of normal individuals. These findings may have implications for the assessment of the reorganization of REM sleep during recovery from vegetative state and may further help in our understanding of the pathophysiology of vegetative state. More studies are needed in larger groups of patients.
authors.affiliation: Sleep Disorders Unit, Intensive Care Unit, Loewenstein Hospital-Rehabilitation Center, Raanana, Israel. psycot3@post.tau.ac.il
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Oksenberg
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Arons
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sazbon
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mizrahi
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Radwan
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002940:Circadian Rhythm / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010410:Penile Erection / Q000502:physiology*; D018458:Persistent Vegetative State / Q000150:complications*; D020178:Sleep Disorders, Circadian Rhythm / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000523:psychology*; D012895:Sleep, REM / Q000502:physiology*