title: Pathogenesis of the glomerular abnormality in cyanotic congenital heart disease.
abstract: We present evidence of 2 distinct glomerular abnormalities in cyanotic congenital heart disease--vascular and nonvascular--each believed to reflect a distinct pathogenesis. Glomeruli from both kidneys were studied with light microscopy in 13 necropsied cyanotic patients and in 8 controls. The vascular study characterized hilar arteriolar dilatation, capillary diameter, glomerular diameter, and capillary engorgement with red blood cells. The nonvascular study characterized juxtaglomerular cellularity, mesangeal cellularity, mesangeal matrix, focal interstitial fibrosis, and megakaryocytic nuclei per cm2 of renal cortex. There was a significant increase in each of the above vascular and nonvascular items of interest relative to controls. Electron microscopy identified whole megakaryocytes with their cytoplasm in glomeruli. The vascular abnormality is believed to result from intraglomerular release of nitric oxide. The nonvascular abnormality is believed to result from platelet-derived growth factor and transforming growth factor-beta.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, and the Ahmanson Adult Congenital Heart Disease Center, University of California at Los Angeles, USA. jperloff@mednet.ucla.edu
authors.forename: J K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Perloff
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Latta
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Barsotti
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001706:Biopsy; D002455:Cell Division; D003490:Cyanosis / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D005920:Glomerular Mesangium / Q000648:ultrastructure; D006330:Heart Defects, Congenital / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D007606:Juxtaglomerular Apparatus / Q000648:ultrastructure; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology*; D007678:Kidney Glomerulus / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012077:Renal Artery / Q000648:ultrastructure; D012082:Renal Veins / Q000648:ultrastructure; D012720:Severity of Illness Index