title: The forehead flap for nasal reconstruction.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Reconstruction of extensive nasal defects often represents a significant challenge owing to several unique qualities of the nose, such as complex topography, mobile free margins, and multiple nasal subunits. Furthermore, loss of internal nasal lining and/or structural skeletal support may be present following removal of extensive skin cancers.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To describe our experience with the use of forehead flap reconstruction for extensive nasal defects.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective case series.
  
  
  METHODS
  Academic health care hospital system.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred forty-seven patients with extensive nasal defects repaired with a forehead flap.
  
  
  METHODS
  The functional and aesthetic results were assessed. The characteristics of defects repaired with the forehead flap and the need for lining and/or cartilage were examined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The forehead flap was used to repair 147 nasal defects after Mohs excision of nonmelanoma skin cancer. Full-thickness skin was lost in all cases, structural skeletal support in 68 cases (46%), and internal mucosal lining in 45 cases (31%). Our experience and surgical technique using the forehead flap are described.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The forehead flap represents one of the best methods for repair of extensive nasal defects. Near-normal functional and cosmetic results can be achieved.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Michigan, 1904 Taubman Center, Box 0312, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-0312, USA. cmboydmd@umich.edu
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Boyd
authors.forename: S R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Baker
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Fader
authors.forename: T S
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: T M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Johnson
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002280:Basal Cell Carcinoma / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D005546:Forehead; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015580:Mohs Surgery; D009669:Nose Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures / Q000379:methods; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016038:Skin Transplantation; D013524:Surgical Flaps; D016896:Treatment Outcome