title: Plasma catecholamines during an ultrarapid heroin detoxification.
abstract: The adrenergic system has long been known to be activated in a situation of stress and thus during opiate withdrawal. A method for detoxification that decreases the stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system will prevent changes of catecholamine levels. Some of such methods have been developed. One of them uses direct transition from heroin to oral naltrexone after deep sedation with midazolam in conjunction with naloxone, droperidol, ondansetron, and clonidine treatment for 24 hours. Can such method prevent adrenergic changes? Moreover, 5-HT has been related to mood disorders. This study aims to determine plasma catecholamines and 5-HT before heroin withdrawal, during the day of the withdrawal, and at the ends of the first day, the first week, and the first 6 months. Forty-three patients with more than 6 years of drug abuse volunteered to seek help to detoxify. After clinical evaluation, blood samples were taken. Plasma catecholamines were isolated by standard alumina procedures and measured by high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. Only for NE was there a significant decrease in the day of heroin withdrawal with deep sedation, followed the next day by an increase. During the following days, NE plasma concentrations returned slowly to basal levels. Epinephrine and dopamine plasma levels did not significantly change. Platelet 5-HT levels progressively decreased from the day before detoxification until the last period of observation. We also found that there were no abrupt changes in cardiovascular functions. In conclusion, our results suggest that this type of ultrarapid opiate detoxification prevents the dramatic activation of the autonomic nervous system.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Portugal. tice@cygnus.ci.uc.pt
authors.forename: T R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Macedo
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Relvas
authors.lastname: Fontes Ribeiro CA
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Pacheco
authors.forename: M T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Morgadinho
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Pinto
authors.forename: P C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Gomes
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ventura
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Henriques
authors.forename: S V
authors.initials: SV
authors.lastname: Nunes
authors.forename: G R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Ruis
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ramalheira
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Boto
authors.forename: L L
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Vale
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D002395:Catecholamines / Q000097:blood*; D004333:Drug Administration Routes; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D003932:Heroin / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D006556:Heroin Dependence / Q000097:blood* / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008658:Inactivation, Metabolic; D008297:Male; D009270:Naloxone / Q000008:administration & dosage; D009271:Naltrexone / Q000008:administration & dosage; D009292:Narcotic Antagonists / Q000008:administration & dosage; D013375:Substance Withdrawal Syndrome / Q000097:blood* / Q000378:metabolism; D013599:Systole; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D002395:Catecholamines; D009292:Narcotic Antagonists; D009270:Naloxone; D009271:Naltrexone; D003932:Heroin