title: Pulsatile stretch-induced extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 activation in organ culture of rabbit aorta involves reactive oxygen species.
abstract: Increased steady intraluminal pressure in blood vessels activates the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2 pathway. However, signal transduction of pulsatile stretch has not been elucidated. Using an organ culture model of rabbit aorta, we studied ERK1/2 activation by pulsatility in vessels maintained at 80 mm Hg for 24 hours. ERK1/2 activity was evaluated by in-gel kinase assays and by Western blot. Compared with control aortas without pulsatility, aortas submitted to a pulsatile 10% variation in vessel diameter displayed a significant increase in ERK1/2 activity (207+/-12%, P<0.001), which remained high after removal of the endothelium. Unlike steady overstretch, pulsatile stretch-induced activation of ERK1/2 was not modified by herbimycin A, a Src family tyrosine kinase inhibitor, but was reduced by other tyrosine kinase inhibitors, tyrphostin A48 and genistein (162+/-27% and 144+/-14%, respectively). Conversely, ERK1/2 activity was markedly decreased in pulsatile vessels treated with staurosporine (114+/-18%) although neither of the more specific protein kinase C inhibitors, Ro-31-8220 or Gö-6976, blocked ERK1/2 activation (209+/-24% and 238+/-34%, respectively), whereas staurosporine had no effect on steady overstretch-induced ERK1/2 activation. Pulsatility induced superoxide anion generation, which was prevented by the NADPH oxidase inhibitor diphenyleneiodonium. Furthermore, polyethylene glycol-superoxide dismutase completely abolished ERK1/2 activation by pulsatility (114+/-12%). Finally, ERK1/2 and O(2)(-) levels in freshly isolated vessels were equivalent to the levels found in pulsatile vessels. In conclusion, pulsatile stretch activates ERK1/2 in the arterial wall via pathways different from those induced by steady overstretch. Pulsatility might be considered a physiological stimulus that maintains a certain degree of ERK1/2 activation via oxygen-derived free radical production.
authors.affiliation: INSERM U541 and IFR "Circulation," Hôpital Lariboisière, Paris, France.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lehoux
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Esposito
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Merval
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Loufrani
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tedgui
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001013:Aorta, Thoracic / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity / Q000502:physiology; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1 / Q000378:metabolism*; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D009924:Organ Culture Techniques; D011817:Rabbits; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000502:physiology*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D014465:Ultrasonics
chemical_list: D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases