title: Eustachian tube endoscopy in patients with chronic ear disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A paucity of research exists on trans-eustachian tube endoscopy to evaluate the status of the eustachian tube. Fuller examination of the role of the eustachian tube in chronic ear disease is needed, particularly because the eustachian tube has been implicated in the chronicity and pathogenesis of chronic ear disease. Therefore the purpose of this study was to evaluate the eustachian tube, based on observations from trans-eustachian tube endoscopy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-two adult patients with chronic ear disease gave informed consent to participate in a prospective, trans-eustachian tube endoscopic investigation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Flexible, fiberoptic, nonarticulating (outside diameter of 0.5 mm) and articulating (outside diameter of 1.0 mm) endoscopes (coherent fused bundle of 3,000 pixels) were employed. The eustachian tube endoscopy was performed under general endotracheal anesthesia as the initial part of a larger, otological surgical procedure for chronic ear disease. The endoscope was passed from the middle ear (transtympanic approach) to the nasopharynx.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The 0.5-mm endoscope passed entirely through the eustachian tube from the tympanic orifice into the pharyngeal orifice in 16% of the cases. Stenotic blockage occurred at the infundibulum in 37%, isthmus in 42%, and fossa of Rosenmuller in 5% of cases. The eustachian tube mucosa was abnormal in 64% of cases. The risk for abnormal eustachian tube mucosa was four times greater for persons with long-standing disease (> or = 20 y) than for persons without long-standing disease (<20 y). The mean therapeutic efficiency of ossicular reconstruction was higher for the subgroup with normal than for the subgroup with abnormal eustachian tube mucosa.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The findings of trans-eustachian tube endoscopy provide objective evidence concerning eustachian tube status in persons with chronic ear disease and have implications for the timing of surgical intervention (ossicular reconstruction).
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology--Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, East Orange, New Jersey, USA.
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Linstrom
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Silverman
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rosen
authors.forename: L Z
authors.initials: LZ
authors.lastname: Meiteles
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002781:Cholesteatoma / Q000473:pathology; D002908:Chronic Disease; D004427:Ear Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D004429:Ear Ossicles / Q000601:surgery; D019723:Endoscopes; D004724:Endoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D005064:Eustachian Tube; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009092:Mucous Membrane / Q000473:pathology; D013517:Otorhinolaryngologic Surgical Procedures; D011446:Prospective Studies