title: Altered endothelium-dependent relaxations in lambs with high pulmonary blood flow and pulmonary hypertension.
abstract: Congenital heart disease associated with increased pulmonary blood flow produces pulmonary hypertension. To characterize vascular alterations in the nitric oxide (NO)-cGMP cascade induced by increased pulmonary blood flow and pulmonary hypertension, 10 fetal lambs underwent in utero placement of an aortopulmonary vascular graft (shunt). When the lambs were 4-6 wk of age, we assessed responses of pulmonary arteries (PAs) and pulmonary veins (PVs) isolated from lungs of control and shunted lambs. PVs from control and shunted lambs relaxed similarly to exogenous NO (S-nitrosyl-acetyl-penicillamine), to NO produced endogenously (zaprinast and A-23187), and to cGMP (atrial natriuretic peptide). In contrast, relaxations to A-23187 and zaprinast were blunted in PAs isolated from shunted lambs relative to controls. Inhibitors of NO synthase (NOS) and soluble guanylate cyclase constricted control but not shunt PAs, indicating reduced basal NOS activity in shunt PAs. Pretreatment of shunt PAs with the substrates L-arginine and sepiapterin, a precursor for tetrahydrobiopterin synthesis, did not augment A-23187 relaxations. However, pretreatment with superoxide dismutase and catalase significantly enhanced A-23187 relaxations in shunt PAs. We conclude that increased pulmonary blood flow induces an impairment of endothelium-dependent relaxation that is selective to PAs. The impaired relaxation may be mediated in part by excess superoxide production.
authors: Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60614, USA. r-steinhorn@northwestern.edu
authors: R H
authors: RH
authors: Steinhorn
authors: J A
authors: JA
authors: Russell
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Lakshminrusimha
authors: S F
authors: SF
authors: Gugino
authors: S M
authors: SM
authors: Black
authors: J R
authors: JR
authors: Fineman
mesh_terms: D015106:3',5'-Cyclic-GMP Phosphodiesterases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D000818:Animals; D009320:Atrial Natriuretic Factor / Q000494:pharmacology; D000001:Calcimycin / Q000494:pharmacology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D005333:Fetus; D006162:Guanylate Cyclase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D006976:Hypertension, Pulmonary / Q000151:congenital / Q000503:physiopathology*; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D009126:Muscle Relaxation; D009131:Muscle, Smooth, Vascular / Q000503:physiopathology*; D020030:Nitric Oxide Donors / Q000494:pharmacology; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III; D010726:Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D011651:Pulmonary Artery / Q000503:physiopathology; D011652:Pulmonary Circulation; D011667:Pulmonary Veins / Q000503:physiopathology; D011688:Purinones / Q000494:pharmacology; D012756:Sheep
chemical_list: D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D020030:Nitric Oxide Donors; D010726:Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors; D011688:Purinones; D000001:Calcimycin; D009320:Atrial Natriuretic Factor; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III; D015106:3',5'-Cyclic-GMP Phosphodiesterases; D006162:Guanylate Cyclase; C011145:zaprinast