title: Evaluation of local and systemic immune responses induced by intramuscular injection of a Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae bacterin to pigs.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate immune responses induced by administration of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae bacterin to pigs. Animals-60 healthy 7- to 10-day-old cross-bred boars.
  
  
  METHODS
  Pigs were assigned to 1 of 4 pig groups (15 pigs/group): vaccinated, challenged; vaccinated, nonchallenged; nonvaccinated, challenged; nonvaccinated, nonchallenged. Vaccinated pigs received IM injections of a mycoplasma bacterin on days 0 and 14, whereas nonvaccinated pigs received saline (0.9% NaCl) solution. Pigs in the challenged groups were inoculated intratracheally with M hyopneumoniae on day 42. Pigs were euthanatized and necropsied 41, 44, 48, and 70 days after the first vaccination, and proportion of lung surface with pneumonic lesions was determined. Percentage of lymphocyte subpopulations and number of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) secreting lymphocytes in blood and tissues, cytokine and antibody concentrations in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid, and serum antibody concentrations were determined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Vaccination against and infection with M hyopneumoniae induced a local mucosal immune response in the respiratory tract of pigs. Proportion of lung surface with pneumonic lesions in vaccinated challenged pigs was reduced on day 70, compared with nonvaccinated challenged pigs. Vaccination stimulated the production of M hyopneumoniae-specific IFN-gamma secreting blood lymphocytes. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha concentration in BAL fluid on day 70 was increased in nonvaccinated challenged pigs, compared with vaccinated challenged pigs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Vaccination against M hyopneumoniae induced local, mucosal, humoral, and cellular immune responses. Moreover, vaccination reduced the severity of lung lesions in challenged pigs, suggesting that mucosal antibodies, mediation of the inflammatory response, and cell-mediated immune responses are important for control of mycoplasmal pneumonia in pigs.
authors: Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Iowa State University, Ames 50011, USA.
authors: E L
authors: EL
authors: Thacker
authors: B J
authors: BJ
authors: Thacker
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Kuhn
authors: P A
authors: PA
authors: Hawkins
authors: W R
authors: WR
authors: Waters
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial / Q000096:biosynthesis; D001428:Bacterial Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology*; D001992:Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid / Q000276:immunology; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay / Q000662:veterinary; D005434:Flow Cytometry / Q000662:veterinary; D018928:Immunity, Mucosal; D007273:Injections, Intramuscular / Q000662:veterinary; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000378:metabolism; D008168:Lung / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology; D018655:Lymphocyte Count / Q000662:veterinary; D008297:Male; D009174:Mycoplasma / Q000276:immunology*; D009175:Mycoplasma Infections / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000662:veterinary*; D013552:Swine; D013553:Swine Diseases / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial; D001428:Bacterial Vaccines; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D007371:Interferon-gamma