title: IFN-gamma production by Th1 cells generated from naive CD4+ T cells exposed to norepinephrine.
abstract: During activation in vivo, naive CD4(+) T cells are exposed to various endogenous ligands, such as cytokines and the neurotransmitter norepinephrine (NE). To determine whether NE affects naive T cell differentiation, we used naive CD4(+) T cells sort-purified from either BALB/c or DO11.10 TCR-transgenic mouse spleens and activated these cells with either anti-CD3/anti-CD28 mAbs or APC and OVA(323-329) peptide, respectively, under Th1-promoting conditions. RT-PCR and functional assays using selective adrenergic receptor (AR) subtype antagonists showed that naive CD4(+) T cells expressed only the beta 2AR subtype to bind NE and that stimulation of this receptor generated Th1 cells that produced 2- to 4-fold more IFN-gamma. This increase was due to more IFN-gamma produced per cell upon restimulation instead of more IFN-gamma-secreting cells, as determined by IFN-gamma-specific immunofluorescence and enzyme-linked immunospot. In contrast, Th1 cell differentiation was unaffected when naive T cells were exposed to NE and activated either in the presence of a neutralizing anti-IL-12 mAb or by APC from IL-12-deficient mice. Moreover, the addition of IL-12 to the IL-12-deficient APC cultures restored the ability of NE to increase Th1 differentiation. Taken together, these results indicate that a possible link may exist between the signaling pathways used by NE and IL-12 to increase naive CD4(+) T cell differentiation to a Th1 cell.
authors: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL 60153, USA.
authors: M A
authors: MA
authors: Swanson
authors: W T
authors: WT
authors: Lee
authors: V M
authors: VM
authors: Sanders
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000938:Antigen-Presenting Cells / Q000276:immunology; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D005260:Female; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D018664:Interleukin-12 / Q000172:deficiency / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D007399:Interphase / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation / Q000187:drug effects*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D009638:Norepinephrine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010455:Peptides / Q000276:immunology; D011943:Receptors, Adrenergic, beta / Q000096:biosynthesis; D018417:Th1 Cells / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D010455:Peptides; D011943:Receptors, Adrenergic, beta; D018664:Interleukin-12; D007371:Interferon-gamma; D009638:Norepinephrine