Using geographic information systems to understand health care access.
BACKGROUND
Determining a community's health care access needs and testing interventions to improve access are difficult. This challenge is compounded by the task of translating the relevant data into a format that is clear and persuasive to policymakers and funding agencies. Geographic information systems can analyze and transform complex data from various sources into maps that illustrate problems effortlessly for experts and nonexperts.


OBJECTIVE
To combine the patient data of a community health center (CHC) with health care survey data to display the CHC service area, the community's health care access needs, and relationships among access, poverty, and political boundaries.


METHODS
Georeferencing, analyzing, and mapping information from 2 databases.


METHODS
Boone County, Missouri.


METHODS
Community health center patients and survey respondents.


METHODS
Maps that define the CHC service area and patient demographics and show poor health care access in relation to the CHC service area, CHC utilization in relation to poverty, and rates of health care access by geopolitical region.


RESULTS
The CHC serves a distinctly different area than originally targeted. Subpopulations with unmet health care access needs and poverty were identified by census tract. These underserved populations fell within geopolitical boundaries that were easily linked to their elected officials.


CONCLUSIONS
Geographic information systems are powerful tools for combining disparate data in a visual format to illustrate complex relationships that affect health care access. These systems can help evaluate interventions, inform health services research, and guide health care policy. Arch Fam Med. 2000;9:971-978
Phillips
R L
RL
Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Missouri-Columbia, USA. bphillips@aafp.org
Kinman
E L
EL
Schnitzer
P G
PG
Lindbloom
E J
EJ
Ewigman
B
B
D002391:Catchment Area, Health; D003153:Community Health Services; D003710:Demography; D005843:Geography; D006297:Health Services Accessibility; D006801:Humans; D008923:Missouri; D012984:Software