title: Prevention of lid retraction after lower lid blepharoplasties: an overview.
abstract: This overview article covers the techniques that aim to prevent lid retraction after lower blepharoplasties. After a brief review of applied anatomy (anterior, middle, posterior lamella), the causes of blepharochalasis and of postoperative lid retraction are addressed. Clinical examinations are described that can detect a candidate at risk. Preventive measures are described, dealing with patient positioning, approaches (transcutaneous-transconjunctival-combination of both), incision types, flap dissection (skin-skin-muscle-dermal flaps), muscle suspension techniques (muscle-muscle, muscle-periosteum), horizontal wedge excisions, lateral (tendon and tarsal) and medial canthal procedures, CO2 laser skin resurfacing and combinations. These techniques are described and critically appraised.
authors: Division of Maxillo-Facial Surgery, GH St John, Bruges, Belgium. maurice.mommaerts@azbrugge.be
authors: M Y
authors: MY
authors: Mommaerts
authors: G
authors: G
authors: De Riu
mesh_terms: D019882:Blepharoplasty / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods*; D005141:Eyelid Diseases / Q000145:classification / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D005143:Eyelids / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D015595:Skin Aging; D009626:Terminology as Topic