title: The quest for early predictors of stroke evolution: can TCD be a guiding light?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The present study aimed at evaluating the prognostic value of transcranial Doppler ultrasonography (TCD) in the acute phase of ischemic stroke, when major therapeutic decisions must be made.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventy-three patients with a first-ever ischemic hemispheric stroke underwent neurological assessment according to the Unified Neurological Stroke Scale, clinical subgrouping according to the criteria of Bamford, CT scan, cervical duplex sonography, and TCD, all within 12 hours from stroke onset. TCD was repeated on days 2 and 7. Patients were followed for 90 days, during which we calculated the fatality rate and then assessed clinical outcome.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Emergency TCD revealed middle cerebral artery (MCA) no-flow in 24 cases and MCA asymmetry in 30 subjects. Serial TCD showed early (<24 hours) MCA recanalization in 6 patients. After 90 days, no patient with MCA occlusion at admission was autonomous, while 17 of 19 patients (89.5%) with a normal baseline TCD were independent. The fatality rate at 3 months was 21% but was 46% in patients with MCA occlusion and 61% in patients without signs of early MCA recanalization. Total anterior circulation infarct and abnormal TCD were significantly correlated (P:<0.001) with higher mortality rate and worse outcome (Barthel Index score </=60), whereas early CT ischemic signs and severe carotid disease were not. Furthermore, TCD identified within the total anterior circulation infarct subgroup 2 prognostic clusters according to MCA patency at admission (P:<0.001). Logistic regression selected normal baseline TCD as an independent predictor of good long-term outcome and MCA no-flow as an independent predictor of disability or death.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  TCD findings play an important role in the early prognosis of anterior circulation stroke, providing possible guidance for therapeutic interventions.
authors: Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Padua (Italy).
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Baracchini
authors: R
authors: R
authors: Manara
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Ermani
authors: G
authors: G
authors: Meneghetti
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D020244:Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D007558:Italy / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D020521:Stroke / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000453:epidemiology; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D017585:Ultrasonography, Doppler, Transcranial / Q000706:statistics & numerical data