N-hydroxy-4-(4-chlorophenyl)thiazole-2(3H)-thione as a photochemical hydroxyl-radical source: photochemistry and oxidative damage of DNA (strand breaks) and 2'-deoxyguanosine (8-oxodG formation).
On irradiation of N-hydroxythiazole-2(3H)-thione 3 at 300 nm, the photoproducts disulfide 4, bisthiazole 5 and thiazole 6 are formed. During this photolysis, hydroxyl radicals are released, which have been detected by spin trapping with 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline N-oxide (DMPO), coupled with electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy. In the presence of supercoiled pBR322 DNA, irradiation of thiazolethione 3 induces strand breaks through the photogenerated hydroxyl-radicals, as confirmed by control experiment with the hydroxyl-radical scavenger isopropanol. Singlet oxygen appears not to be involved, as attested by the lack of a D2O isotope effect. During the photoreaction of thiazolethione 3 in the presence of 2'-deoxyguanosine (dG), the latter is photooxidized (ca 10% conversion after 2 h of irradiation) to the 7,8-dihydro-8-oxo-2'-deoxyguanosine as the main oxidation product. The dG conversion levels off after complete consumption of thiazolethione 3 and is suppressed by the addition of the hydroxyl-radical scavenger 2,6-di-tert-butylcresol or DMPO. Since the photoproducts 4-6 are ineffective as sensitizers for the photooxidation of dG and DNA, the hydroxyl radicals released in the photolysis of thiazolethione 3 are the oxidizing species of DNA and dG. These results suggest that the thiazolethione 3 may serve as a novel and effective photochemical hydroxyl-radical source for photobiological studies.
Adam
W
W
Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Germany. adam@chemie.uni-wuerzburg.de
Hartung
J
J
Okamoto
H
H
Saha-Möller
C R
CR
Spehar
K
K
D000080242:8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine; D004249:DNA Damage; D003849:Deoxyguanosine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000737:chemistry; D017665:Hydroxyl Radical / Q000737:chemistry; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010777:Photochemistry; D010782:Photolysis; D013053:Spectrophotometry; D013844:Thiazoles / Q000737:chemistry*; D013871:Thiones / Q000737:chemistry*
C419923:N-hydroxy-4-(4-chlorophenyl)thiazole-2(3H)-thione; D013844:Thiazoles; D013871:Thiones; D017665:Hydroxyl Radical; D000080242:8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine; D003849:Deoxyguanosine