title: Providing pediatric subspecialty care: A workforce analysis. AAP Committee on Pediatric Workforce Subcommittee on Subspecialty Workforce.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To provide a snapshot of pediatric subspecialty practice, examine issues pertaining to the subspecialty workforce, and analyze subspecialists' perspective on the health care market.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Before the effort of the Future of Pediatric Education II (FOPE II) Project, very little information existed regarding the characteristics of the pediatric subspecialty workforce. This need was addressed through a comprehensive initiative involving cooperation between subspecialty sections of the American Academy of Pediatrics and other specialty societies.
  
  
  METHODS
  Questionnaires were sent to all individuals, identified through exhaustive searches, who practiced in 17 pediatric medical and surgical subspecialty areas in 1997 and 1998. The survey elicited information about education and practice issues, including main practice setting, major professional activity, referrals, perceived competition, and local workforce requirements. The number of respondents used in the analyses ranged from 120 (plastic surgery) to 2034 (neonatology). In total, responses from 10 010 pediatric subspecialists were analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  For 13 of the subspecialties, a medical school setting was specified by the largest number of respondents within each subspecialty as their main employment site. Direct patient care was the major professional activity of the majority of respondents in all the subspecialties, with the exception of infectious diseases. Large numbers of subspecialists reported increases in the complexity of referral cases, ranging between 20% (cardiology) and 44% (critical care), with an average of 33% across the entire sample. In all subspecialties, a majority of respondents indicated that they faced competition for services in their area (range: 55%-90%; 71% across the entire sample); yet in none of the subspecialties did a majority report that they had modified their practice as a result of competition. In 15 of the 17 subspecialties, a majority stated that there would be no need in their community over the next 3 to 5 years for additional pediatric subspecialists in their discipline. Across the entire sample, 42% of respondents indicated that they or their employer would not be hiring additional, nonreplacement pediatric subspecialists in their field in the next 3 to 5 years (range: 20%-63%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This survey provides the first comprehensive analysis to date on how market forces are perceived to be affecting physicians in the pediatric subspecialty workforce. The data indicate that pediatric subspecialists in most areas are facing strong competitive pressures in the market, and that the market's ability to support additional subspecialists in many areas may be diminishing.
authors: American Academy of Pediatrics, Elk Grove Village, Illinois, USA. jstoddard@hschange.com
authors: J J
authors: JJ
authors: Stoddard
authors: W L
authors: WL
authors: Cull
authors: E A
authors: EA
authors: Jewett
authors: S E
authors: SE
authors: Brotherton
authors: H J
authors: HJ
authors: Mulvey
authors: E R
authors: ER
authors: Alden
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002309:Cardiology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D002648:Child; D003422:Critical Care / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D004465:Economic Competition / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005544:Forecasting; D006280:Health Workforce; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008511:Medicine / Q000145:classification / Q000706:statistics & numerical data / Q000639:trends; D008875:Middle Aged; D009359:Neonatology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D010372:Pediatrics / Q000145:classification / Q000706:statistics & numerical data / Q000639:trends; D010820:Physicians / Q000600:supply & distribution; D011159:Population Surveillance; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians' / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012017:Referral and Consultation / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012044:Regression Analysis; D013038:Specialization; D013518:Surgery, Plastic / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014481:United States