title: Using an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and a protein phosphatase inhibition assay (PPIA) for the detection of microcystins and nodularins.
abstract: Cyanotoxins produced by cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) include potent neurotoxins and hepatotoxins. The hepatotoxins include cyclic peptide microcystins and nodularins plus the alkaloid cylindrospermopsins. Among the cyanotoxins the microcystins have proven to be the most widespread, and are most often implicated in animal and human poisonings. This paper presents a practical guide to two widely used methods for detecting and quantifying microcystins and nodularins in environmental samples-the enzyme linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA) and the protein phosphatase inhibition assay (PPIA).
authors: Department of Biological Sciences, Wright State University, Dayton OH 45435, USA. wayne.carmichael@wright.edu
authors: W W
authors: WW
authors: Carmichael
authors: J
authors: J
authors: An
mesh_terms: D000470:Alkaloids / Q000032:analysis; D000818:Animals; D001427:Bacterial Toxins; D000087522:Cyanobacteria Toxins; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay / Q000379:methods*; D052998:Microcystins; D010456:Peptides, Cyclic / Q000032:analysis* / Q000276:immunology; D010749:Phosphoprotein Phosphatases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D011933:Reagent Kits, Diagnostic; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014498:Uracil / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D000470:Alkaloids; D001427:Bacterial Toxins; D000087522:Cyanobacteria Toxins; D052998:Microcystins; D010456:Peptides, Cyclic; D011933:Reagent Kits, Diagnostic; C063998:nodularin; C089595:cylindrospermopsin; D014498:Uracil; C078588:microcystin; D010749:Phosphoprotein Phosphatases