title: Genetic evidence for a novel gene(s) involved in urogenital development on 10q26.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although the frequent association between distal 10q monosomy and urogenital anomalies suggests the presence of a gene(s) for urogenital development on distal 10q, molecular deletion mapping has not been performed for the putative gene(s). In this study, we examined genotype-phenotype correlations in patients with distal 10q monosomy.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study consisted of six karyotypic males (cases 1 through 6) and four karyotypic females (cases 7 through 10) with 10q26 monosomy. Cases 3 through 5 and 7 through 10 had urinary anomalies such as vesicoureteral reflux and hypoplastic kidney, and cases 1 through 6, 8, and 9 exhibited genital anomalies such as micropenis, hypospadias, cryptorchidism, and hypoplastic labia majora. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) for 10q telomere, whole chromosome 10 painting, and microsatellite analysis for 35 loci on distal 10q were performed in cases 1 through 8.
  
  
  RESULTS
  FISH and whole chromosome painting confirmed distal 10q monosomy in cases 1 through 8. Microsatellite analysis revealed that hemizygosity for the region distal to D10S186 was shared by cases with urinary anomalies and that for the region distal to D10S1248 was common to cases with genital anomalies. Furthermore, it was indicated that PAX2, GFRA1, and EMX2 on distal 10q, in which the deletions could affect urinary and/or genital development, were present in two copies in cases 1 through 8.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results suggest that a novel gene(s) for urinary development and that for genital development reside in the approximately 20 cM region distal to D10S186 and in the approximately 10 cM region distal to D10S1248, respectively, although it remains to be determined whether the two types of genes are identical or different.
authors: Department of Pediatrics, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan. t-ogata@po.iijnet.or.jp
authors: T
authors: T
authors: Ogata
authors: K
authors: K
authors: Muroya
authors: I
authors: I
authors: Sasagawa
authors: T
authors: T
authors: Kosho
authors: K
authors: K
authors: Wakui
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Sakazume
authors: K
authors: K
authors: Ito
authors: N
authors: N
authors: Matsuo
authors: H
authors: H
authors: Ohashi
authors: T
authors: T
authors: Nagai
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002869:Chromosome Aberrations; D002874:Chromosome Mapping; D002879:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 10; D003456:Cryptorchidism / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D017353:Gene Deletion; D006801:Humans; D007021:Hypospadias / Q000235:genetics*; D017404:In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence; D007223:Infant; D007668:Kidney / Q000002:abnormalities; D052177:Kidney Diseases, Cystic / Q000235:genetics; D008297:Male; D018895:Microsatellite Repeats; D010413:Penis / Q000002:abnormalities*; D014718:Vesico-Ureteral Reflux / Q000235:genetics; D014844:Vulva / Q000002:abnormalities*