title: Biomarker distribution after injection into the canine prostate: implications for gene therapy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the distribution of biomarkers after transrectal injection into the canine prostate and to report a method for enhancing the distribution of gene expression.
  
  
  METHODS
  Carbon black was first used to evaluate the histopathological distribution in canine prostate of single or multiple injections via the transurethral, transperineal and transrectal routes. The distribution of canarypox virus (ALVAC) vector-delivered gene expression was then compared using both fluid-phase injection techniques and delivery in a solid carrier composed of a gelatine sponge matrix.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After transurethral administration, carbon black was detected as scattered particles in ducts and acini, mostly in the periphery of the gland. Direct transrectal injection of carbon black resulted in a localized collection at the site of injection, with only a minimal peri-acinar distribution. Transrectal injection of the fluid-phase (virus suspended in diluent) ALVAC vector encoding the beta-galactosidase gene resulted in a similar distribution, with limited gene expression at the site of injection and in the needle track. Delivery of the same number of virus particles in the gelatine sponge matrix resulted in qualitatively greater gene expression.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Direct injection of the canine prostate with biomarkers, including viral vectors, in the fluid-phase results in very localized gene expression, while the distribution was more widespread after delivery in a gelatine sponge matrix.
authors: Department of Urology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, 52242-1089, USA.
authors: D R
authors: DR
authors: Siemens
authors: T
authors: T
authors: Iwasawa
authors: J C
authors: JC
authors: Austin
authors: R D
authors: RD
authors: Williams
authors: W A
authors: WA
authors: See
authors: S P
authors: SP
authors: Hedican
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Tartaglia
authors: C M
authors: CM
authors: Flynn
authors: M B
authors: MB
authors: Cohen
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Rodgers
authors: T L
authors: TL
authors: Ratliff
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002244:Carbon / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D004285:Dogs; D015870:Gene Expression; D015316:Genetic Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D007267:Injections; D008297:Male; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000628:therapy
chemical_list: D002244:Carbon