title: Identification of synergistic signals initiating inner ear development.
abstract: Tissue manipulation experiments in amphibians more than 50 years ago showed that induction of the inner ear requires two signals: a mesodermal signal followed by a neural signal. However, the molecules mediating this process have remained elusive. We present evidence for mesodermal initiation of otic development in higher vertebrates and show that the mesoderm can direct terminal differentiation of the inner ear in rostral ectoderm. Furthermore, we demonstrate the synergistic interactions of the extracellular polypeptide ligands FGF-19 and Wnt-8c as mediators of mesodermal and neural signals, respectively, initiating inner ear development.
authors: Department of Craniofacial Development, King's College, London, SE1 9RT, UK.
authors: R K
authors: RK
authors: Ladher
authors: K U
authors: KU
authors: Anakwe
authors: A L
authors: AL
authors: Gurney
authors: G C
authors: GC
authors: Schoenwolf
authors: P H
authors: PH
authors: Francis-West
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002490:Central Nervous System / Q000196:embryology / Q000378:metabolism; D002642:Chick Embryo; D046508:Culture Techniques; D007758:Ear, Inner / Q000196:embryology* / Q000378:metabolism; D004475:Ectoderm / Q000166:cytology; D004627:Embryonic Induction; D051518:Fibroblast Growth Factor 3; D005346:Fibroblast Growth Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D015870:Gene Expression; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D017403:In Situ Hybridization; D008648:Mesoderm / Q000378:metabolism*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D011784:Quail / Q000196:embryology; D012249:Rhombencephalon / Q000196:embryology / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction; D051153:Wnt Proteins; D029961:Zebrafish Proteins
chemical_list: C117476:FGF19 protein, human; C496444:FGF3 protein, human; D051518:Fibroblast Growth Factor 3; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D051153:Wnt Proteins; D029961:Zebrafish Proteins; C489200:fgf3 protein, zebrafish; D005346:Fibroblast Growth Factors