title: Splanchnic hyposensitivity to glypressin in a haemorrhage/transfused rat model of portal hypertension: role of nitric oxide and bradykinin.
abstract: Hyposensitivity to vasopressin is a well documented phenomenon in animals with portal hypertension and patients with cirrhosis subject to haemorrhage. Haemorrhage is associated with the endogenous release of bradykinin, which may subsequently stimulate the formation of nitric oxide (NO). The present study investigated the relative contribution of NO synthase (NOS) isoforms and the role of bradykinin in the pathogenesis of splanchnic hyposensitivity to a long-acting vasopressin analogue, glypressin, in rats with portal hypertension induced by partial portal vein ligation (PVL). At 14 days after the operation, systemic and portal haemodynamics were measured in stable or bleeding PVL rats receiving an intravenous infusion of glypressin (0.07 mg/kg). In the treatment groups, N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME; a non-selective NOS inhibitor), L-canavanine (a specific inhibitor of inducible NOS) or HOE 140 (a bradykinin B(2) receptor antagonist) was administered 45 min before the infusion of glypressin. In rats with a hypotensive haemorrhage, 4.5 ml of blood was withdrawn and 50% of the withdrawn blood was re-infused before the administration of glypressin or various inhibitors. Splanchnic hyposensitivity to glypressin was demonstrated in the haemorrhage/transfused PVL rats. The infusion of L-NAME elevated the mean arterial pressure in the bleeding PVL rats without the modulation of portal pressure. The addition of L-NAME or HOE 140, but not L-canavanine, significantly and similarly potentiated the portal-hypotensive effects of glypressin. It is concluded that constitutive NOS and bradykinin are responsible, at least partly, for the splanchnic hyposensitivity to glypressin observed in the early stages of the haemorrhage/transfused rat model of portal hypertension.
authors: Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, No-201, Section 2, Shih-Pai Road, Taipei 11217, Taiwan.
authors: C J
authors: CJ
authors: Chu
authors: S L
authors: SL
authors: Wu
authors: F Y
authors: FY
authors: Lee
authors: S S
authors: SS
authors: Wang
authors: F Y
authors: FY
authors: Chang
authors: H C
authors: HC
authors: Lin
authors: C C
authors: CC
authors: Chan
authors: S D
authors: SD
authors: Lee
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D001920:Bradykinin / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000502:physiology*; D002172:Canavanine / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006439:Hemodynamics; D006975:Hypertension, Portal / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D019331:NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000502:physiology*; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000502:physiology; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III; D019106:Postoperative Hemorrhage / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013152:Splanchnic Circulation / Q000502:physiology*; D014667:Vasopressins / Q000502:physiology* / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D014667:Vasopressins; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D002172:Canavanine; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III; C496318:Nos2 protein, rat; C496316:Nos3 protein, rat; D001920:Bradykinin; D019331:NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester