title: CD4-Dependent and CD4-independent utilization of coreceptors by human immunodeficiency viruses type 2 and simian immunodeficiency viruses.
abstract: More than 10 G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) have been reported to act as coreceptors for entry of human and simian immunodeficiency viruses (HIV and SIV). We investigated the utilization of six GPCRs as coreceptors by T-cell-line-adapted HIV-2 strains (CBL-20, CBL-21, CBL-23, GH-1, ROD, and SBL6669) and SIV strains (SIVagmTYO-1, SIVmac251, and SIVmndGB-1). NP-2/CD4 cells were transduced with CCR3, CCR5, CCR8, CXCR4, GPR1, or APJ, and examined for susceptibilities to cell-free HIV/SIV. HIV-2 strains were grouped into two types by their coreceptor usage. The first group, CBL-20 and CBL-21, used CXCR4 exclusively; the other four strains used a few or all of the six coreceptors. These strains could further infect CD4-negative NP-2/CXCR4 or NP-2/CCR5 cells in the presence (all strains) or absence (SBL6669 and ROD strains) of soluble CD4. SIVagm and SIVmnd infected NP-2/CD4/GPR1 cells. The coreceptors CCR3, CCR8, GPR1, and APJ did not mediate the CD4-independent infection. Although HIV-2ROD and SIVmnd infected both NP-2/CD4/CXCR4 and NP-2/CD4/CCR5 cells, only CXCR4 and CCR5, respectively, were used in CD4-independent infection. Binding of virions to CD4-negative cells occurred at 4 degrees C. These findings suggest that there may be a correlation between the promiscuous use of coreceptors by HIV-2/SIV strains and their ability to infect CD4-negative cells.
authors: Department of Virology and Preventive Medicine, Gunma University School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Gunma, Maebashi, 371-8511, Japan.
authors: H Y
authors: HY
authors: Liu
authors: Y
authors: Y
authors: Soda
authors: N
authors: N
authors: Shimizu
authors: Y
authors: Y
authors: Haraguchi
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Jinno
authors: Y
authors: Y
authors: Takeuchi
authors: H
authors: H
authors: Hoshino
mesh_terms: D015704:CD4 Antigens / Q000502:physiology*; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000821:virology; D002460:Cell Line; D015498:HIV-2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D006801:Humans; D019713:Receptors, CCR5 / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D019718:Receptors, CXCR4 / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D019707:Receptors, Chemokine / Q000502:physiology; D043562:Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled; D015728:Receptors, HIV / Q000502:physiology; D011991:Receptors, Virus / Q000502:physiology*; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins; D015302:Simian Immunodeficiency Virus / Q000235:genetics / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D014161:Transduction, Genetic
chemical_list: D015704:CD4 Antigens; C109334:GPR1 protein, S cerevisiae; D019713:Receptors, CCR5; D019718:Receptors, CXCR4; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; D019707:Receptors, Chemokine; D043562:Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled; D015728:Receptors, HIV; D011991:Receptors, Virus; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins