title: Does dietary protein intake correlate with markers suggestive of early diabetic nephropathy in children and adolescents with Type 1 diabetes mellitus?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the relationship between dietary protein intake and possible early markers of diabetic nephropathy (creatinine clearance (CrCI), kidney volume and albumin excretion rate (AER)).
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred and forty-five subjects with diabetes for 5-10 years, divided into three pubertal groups, participated. Kidney volume was measured by ultrasound, and serum creatinine and HbA1c were assayed. Two or three 24-h urine collections were obtained for albumin, creatinine and urea excretion rates. Dietary protein intake was estimated from urinary urea nitrogen excretion rate. Glomerular filtration rate was estimated by creatinine clearance.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean protein intake was 1.22 +/- 0.48 g x kg(-1) x day(-1) Protein intake was significantly higher in males than females (P < 0.0001) and highest in prepubertal compared to mid-pubertal and post-pubertal subjects (P < 0.001). In multiple regression analysis, protein intake was positively associated with CrCl (P < 0.0001), and male sex (P < 0.0001) and negatively associated with body surface area (P = 0.0013) and age (P = 0.01). Kidney volume and AER were not related to dietary protein intake.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This cross-sectional study failed to show a significant relationship between dietary protein intake and markers of early nephropathy, other than CrCl. However, a longitudinal, prospective study is required to definitively assess the role of protein intake in the evolution of diabetic nephropathy.
authors: Department of Paediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors: B E
authors: BE
authors: O'Hayon
authors: E A
authors: EA
authors: Cummings
authors: D
authors: D
authors: Daneman
authors: M G
authors: MG
authors: Ossip
authors: M L
authors: ML
authors: Lawson
authors: E B
authors: EB
authors: Sochett
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000419:Albuminuria; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D002648:Child; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000097:blood / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000652:urine; D003928:Diabetic Nephropathies / Q000097:blood / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000652:urine; D004044:Dietary Proteins; D005260:Female; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D008297:Male; D011627:Puberty; D012044:Regression Analysis; D014463:Ultrasonography; D014508:Urea / Q000652:urine
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D003404:Creatinine; D004044:Dietary Proteins; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D014508:Urea