title: Endovascular management of acute extensive iliofemoral deep venous thrombosis caused by May-Thurner syndrome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The authors report their experience on the treatment of acute extensive iliofemoral deep venous thrombosis (DVT) due to May-Thurner syndrome using endovascular techniques.
  
  
  METHODS
  During a 1-year period, 10 symptomatic women (age range, 22-52 years; mean, 35.5 years) were referred for treatment. After ascending venography, an infusion catheter system was placed and urokinase was infused locally into the thrombus burden. After near complete clot dissolution (> or = 95%) or lytic stagnation, the residual left common iliac vein narrowing was treated by means of angioplasty and/or placement of Wallstent endoprosthesis. All patients continued to receive oral warfarin. Patients were followed-up by means of clinic visits, and stent patency was assessed by means of duplex Doppler sonography performed at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months, and then yearly thereafter.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The total dose of urokinase used and the duration of infusion were 5.87 +/- 2.57 million units (range, 3.18-10.7) and 51.95 +/- 21.57 hours (range, 26.5-89), respectively. After completion of thrombolytic therapy, the iliac vein narrowing was successfully treated by deployment of a Wallstent endoprosthesis in all 10 patients because of failure of angioplasty. No major bleeding complications occurred. Initial clinical success was 100%, with complete resolution of symptoms in all patients. One patient, who was hypercoagulable and was receiving chemotherapy for metastatic adenocarcinoma, had recurrent symptomatic acute DVT 1 month after therapy. She underwent successful repeated lysis. The remaining nine patients were asymptomatic, with a mean follow-up of 15.2 months (range, 6-36 months). One asymptomatic patient, at 36-month follow-up ultrasound, had iliac vein occlusion and well-developed venous collaterals. Serial ultrasonography in all 10 patients showed no evidence of valvular insufficiency in the femoral and popliteal veins.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Catheter-directed thrombolytic therapy for the treatment of acute extensive iliofemoral DVT due to May-Thurner syndrome is an effective method for restoring venous patency and provides relief of the acute symptoms. The underlying left common iliac vein lesion invariably needs to undergo stent placement.
authors: Department of Radiology, Indiana University Medical Center, Indianapolis, USA. nhpatel@iupui.edu
authors: N H
authors: NH
authors: Patel
authors: K R
authors: KR
authors: Stookey
authors: D B
authors: DB
authors: Ketcham
authors: A H
authors: AH
authors: Cragg
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017130:Angioplasty; D002406:Catheterization, Peripheral; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D003251:Constriction, Pathologic / Q000628:therapy; D005260:Female; D005268:Femoral Vein; D006801:Humans; D007084:Iliac Vein; D008875:Middle Aged; D010960:Plasminogen Activators / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015641:Radiography, Interventional; D015607:Stents; D013577:Syndrome; D015912:Thrombolytic Therapy; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D018616:Ultrasonography, Doppler, Duplex; D014568:Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014654:Vascular Patency; D020246:Venous Thrombosis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*
chemical_list: D010960:Plasminogen Activators; D014568:Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator