title: Effect of less frequent bathing of preterm infants on skin flora and pathogen colonization.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine if less frequent bathing alters colony count or type of organism in skin flora of preterm infants.
  
  
  METHODS
  Descriptive, repeated measures study.
  
  
  METHODS
  A regional neonatal intensive-care unit.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-five preterm infants, 31 weeks mean gestational age (SD +/- 1.6 weeks) and 17 days mean postnatal age (SD +/- 3.7 days).
  
  
  METHODS
  Before the study, all infants received a bath every other day. On Day 1 of the study, a routine sponge bath was given, then no further bathing was performed for 4 days.
  
  
  METHODS
  Serial axillary skin cultures to identify the number of colony forming units (CFU) and type of organism were obtained within 30 minutes of the bath on Day 1 and at the same time on Days 2, 3, and 4.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Normal skin flora CFU count, predominantly coagulase-negative staphylococci, increased within 48 hours after bathing compared to values 30 minutes after bathing. There were no differences in normal skin flora CFU on Days 2, 3, and 4. Pathogens were identified in 12 infants for at least one time point during the study. Significantly fewer pathogens were found in the cultures over time, despite longer interval since bathing, and no infant developed symptoms of infection during the study period.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Findings from this study suggest that the frequency of bathing of preterm infants can be reduced without increasing the risk of infection.
authors: King's College London School of Nursing and Midwifery and Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Trust, England. linda.franck@kcl.ac.uk
authors: L S
authors: LS
authors: Franck
authors: D
authors: D
authors: Quinn
authors: L
authors: L
authors: Zahr
mesh_terms: D001419:Bacteria / Q000254:growth & development; D001494:Baths / Q000379:methods* / Q000451:nursing; D015400:Clinical Nursing Research; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature; D015931:Intensive Care, Neonatal / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D017283:Neonatal Nursing / Q000379:methods*; D012867:Skin / Q000382:microbiology*; D013997:Time Factors