title: Life expectancy as a summary of mortality in a population: statistical considerations and suitability for use by health authorities.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the sampling distribution and usefulness of expectation of life in comparisons of mortality at health district level or below.
  
  
  METHODS
  Derivation of a formula for the variance of the expectation of life, confirmation of the result and generation of the sampling distribution by Monte Carlo simulation; comparison of expectation of life with standardised mortality ratio (SMR) and other summary indices of mortality.
  
  
  METHODS
  A health district in Trent Region, England.
  
  
  METHODS
  Routinely available mortality statistics at electoral ward level and above.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Given reasonable and simple assumptions the sampling distribution of the expectation of life is approximately normal. Expectation of life shows a high negative correlation with SMR even if the oldest age band for the SMR is open ended.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Where sampling error is an issue, inference concerning differences in mortality rates between populations can be based on expectation of life, which is better for illustrative purposes than SMR. The formula for the variance of the expectation of life is more complex however. If the final age band is open ended, its lower bound should be as high as possible to avoid misleading results caused by hidden differences in age structure.
authors: Trent Institute for Health Services Research, University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham. p.b.silcocks@nottingham.ac.uk
authors: P B
authors: PB
authors: Silcocks
authors: D A
authors: DA
authors: Jenner
authors: R
authors: R
authors: Reza
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000465:Algorithms; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D003625:Data Collection / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D004739:England; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008017:Life Expectancy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009010:Monte Carlo Method; D009026:Mortality; D011157:Population Dynamics; D012040:Regional Health Planning; D012494:Sampling Studies