title: [Iodine, sodium-iodine symporter and thyroid diseases].
abstract: The Na+/I- symporter (NIS) is the plasma membrane protein that catalyzes the accumulation of iodine into thyroid cells against an electrochemical gradient. This iodine uptake is the first step in thyroid hormone biogenesis which is stimulated by TSH--the main hormone regulating thyroid--specific functions. This process requires energy from the action of Na+/K+ ATP-ase. TSH upregulates NIS gene expression, and this induction can be modulated by cytokines. Analysis of the distribution of NIS mRNA demonstrated variable levels of NIS transcription in different tissue samples. Increased NIS expression has been found in autonomous adenoma and Graves' disease, decreased levels of NIS protein and/or mRNA NIS were observed in Hashimoto's disease, scintigraphically cold nodules and most thyroid cancers. NIS mutation has been found in congenital hypothyroidism. Potential defects in the NIS gene are currently under investigation in various thyroid diseases.
authors: Zakład Medycyny Nuklearnej, Samodzielny Publiczny Szpital Kliniczny Akademii Medycznej w Białymstoku.
authors: M D
authors: MD
authors: Turowska
authors: F
authors: F
authors: Rogowski
authors: D H
authors: DH
authors: Jurgilewicz
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000378:metabolism; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002648:Child; D004734:Energy Metabolism; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007455:Iodine / Q000378:metabolism*; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D008875:Middle Aged; D020125:Mutation, Missense; D011247:Pregnancy; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D027981:Symporters; D013959:Thyroid Diseases / Q000503:physiopathology*; D013972:Thyrotropin / Q000378:metabolism; D015854:Up-Regulation; D000099209:Sodium-Iodide Symporters
chemical_list: D002352:Carrier Proteins; D007455:Iodine; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D027981:Symporters; D013972:Thyrotropin; D000099209:Sodium-Iodide Symporters