title: Relation of subjective and received social support to clinical and self-report assessments of depressive symptoms in an elderly population.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The authors sought to evaluate the associations between depressive symptoms and social support in a sample drawn from a relatively understudied population - depressed elderly patients. The present study also used a multi-measure approach to assess both depressive symptomatology and social support.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this prospective study of 115 patients we examined: (1) the baseline relations among a self-report measure of depressive symptoms, two clinical assessments of depressive symptoms, and subjective and received social support, and (2) the ability of social support to predict changes in clinical assessments of depressive symptoms at 6 months and 1 year. Education level, financial concerns, activities of daily living ratings, and gender were controlled for.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Baseline subjective support was negatively related to self-reports of depressive symptoms, but unrelated to clinical assessments at baseline or follow-up. Conversely, received support was unrelated to self-reported depressive symptoms, but positively related to both clinical assessments at baseline. However, higher ratings of received support at baseline predicted decreases in clinical ratings of depressive symptoms at 6 months and 1 year.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data were gathered in a primarily Caucasian sample, thus the findings may not generalize to more diverse ethnic populations. Potential confounding due to treatment mode and setting was not controlled in the present analyses.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results have important implications for interpreting clinical data in elderly depressed patients. Specifically, when depressive symptoms are assessed using clinician ratings, the most informative aspect of social support with respect to future clinical status appears to be received, rather than perceived, support measures.
authors: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Duke University Medical Center, Box 2969, 27710, Durham, NC, USA. brummett@acpub.duke.edu
authors: B H
authors: BH
authors: Brummett
authors: J C
authors: JC
authors: Barefoot
authors: I C
authors: IC
authors: Siegler
authors: D C
authors: DC
authors: Steffens
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D003863:Depression / Q000175:diagnosis*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012647:Self-Assessment; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012944:Social Support; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires