title: Volume reduction in the caudate nucleus following stereotactic placement of lesions in the anterior cingulate cortex in humans: a morphometric magnetic resonance imaging study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The goal of this study was to test hypotheses regarding changes in volume in subcortical structures following anterior cingulotomy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Morphometric magnetic resonance (MR) imaging methods were used to assess volume reductions in subcortical regions following anterior cingulate lesioning in nine patients. Magnetic resonance imaging data obtained before and 9 +/- 6 months following anterior cingulotomy were subjected to segmentation and subcortical parcellation. Significant volume reductions were predicted and found bilaterally within the caudate nucleus, but not in the amygdala, thalamus, lenticular nuclei, or hippocampus. Subcortical parcellation revealed that the volume reduction in the caudate nucleus was principally referrable to the body, rather than the head. Furthermore, the magnitude of volume reduction in the caudate body was significantly correlated with total lesion volume.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Taken together, these findings implicate significant connectivity between a region of anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) lesioned during cingulotomy and the caudate body. This unique data set complements published findings in nonhuman primates, and advances our knowledge regarding patterns of cortical-subcortical connectivity involving the ACC in humans. Moreover, these findings indicate changes distant from the site of anterior cingulotomy lesions that may play a role in the clinical response to this neurosurgical procedure.
authors: Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA. rauch@psych.mgh.harvard.edu
authors: S L
authors: SL
authors: Rauch
authors: H
authors: H
authors: Kim
authors: N
authors: N
authors: Makris
authors: G R
authors: GR
authors: Cosgrove
authors: E H
authors: EH
authors: Cassem
authors: C R
authors: CR
authors: Savage
authors: B H
authors: BH
authors: Price
authors: A A
authors: AA
authors: Nierenberg
authors: D
authors: D
authors: Shera
authors: L
authors: L
authors: Baer
authors: B
authors: B
authors: Buchbinder
authors: V S
authors: VS
authors: Caviness
authors: M A
authors: MA
authors: Jenike
authors: D N
authors: DN
authors: Kennedy
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000679:Amygdala / Q000473:pathology; D001931:Brain Mapping; D002421:Caudate Nucleus / Q000473:pathology*; D004292:Dominance, Cerebral / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006179:Gyrus Cinguli / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009434:Neural Pathways / Q000473:pathology; D009771:Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder / Q000601:surgery*; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000473:pathology*; D013238:Stereotaxic Techniques; D013788:Thalamus / Q000473:pathology