title: Aberrant cyclooxygenase isozyme expression in human intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.
abstract: METHODS
  Cellular localisation of the cyclooxygenase (COX) isozymes COX-1 and COX-2 was analysed in 24 cholangiocarcinomas, including 17 matched tissues originating from non-tumorous liver tissue adjacent to tumours and seven biopsies of normal human liver, by immunohistochemistry using isozyme selective antibodies.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In normal liver, constitutive expression of COX-2 protein was a characteristic feature of hepatocytes whereas no COX-2 immunosignal was detectable in normal bile duct epithelium, Kupffer, and endothelial cells. In cholangiocarcinoma cells, COX-2 protein was strongly expressed at high frequency. The intensity, percentage of positive cells, and pattern of COX-2 expression were found to be independent of the stage of tumour differentiation. In hepatocytes of matched non-tumorous tissue, COX-2 expression was unaltered. In contrast, strong COX-1 expression was frequently localised to Kupffer cells, endothelial cells, and occasionally to hepatocytes, but not to bile duct epithelial cells. In approximately half of moderately and poorly differentiated but not well differentiated cholangiocarcinomas, weak to moderate COX-1 staining was found in tumour cells while COX-1 expression in Kupffer cells was much more pronounced.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Aberrant COX-2 expression occurs during the early stage while COX-1 over expression seems to be related to later stages of cholangiocarcinogenesis.
authors: Research Division, National Cancer Institute, Bangkok, Thailand.
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Chariyalertsak
authors: V
authors: V
authors: Sirikulchayanonta
authors: D
authors: D
authors: Mayer
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Kopp-Schneider
authors: G
authors: G
authors: Fürstenberger
authors: F
authors: F
authors: Marks
authors: K
authors: K
authors: Müller-Decker
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001650:Bile Duct Neoplasms / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000473:pathology; D001653:Bile Ducts, Intrahepatic; D018281:Cholangiocarcinoma / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000473:pathology; D051545:Cyclooxygenase 1; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000032:analysis*; D007728:Kupffer Cells / Q000201:enzymology; D008297:Male; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D008875:Middle Aged; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000032:analysis*; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases / Q000032:analysis*; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric
chemical_list: D007527:Isoenzymes; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D051545:Cyclooxygenase 1; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; C496511:PTGS1 protein, human; C496540:PTGS2 protein, human; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases