title: Regulation and function of the Arabidopsis ABA-insensitive4 gene in seed and abscisic acid response signaling networks.
abstract: We have characterized developmental, environmental, and genetic regulation of abscisic acid-insensitive (ABI)4 gene expression in Arabidopsis. Although expressed most strongly in seeds, ABI4 transcripts are also present at low levels in vegetative tissue; vegetative expression is not induced by abscisic acid (ABA) or stress treatments. Comparison of transcript levels in mature seeds of ABA-insensitive, ABA-hypersensitive, ABA-deficient, or heterochronic mutants indicates that ABI4 expression is altered in only two of the backgrounds, the ABA-insensitive mutants abi1-1 and abi3-1. To determine whether ABI4 is necessary and/or sufficient for ABA response, we assayed the effects of loss of ABI4 function and ectopic ABI4 expression on growth and gene expression. We examined genetic interactions among three ABA response loci, ABI3, ABI4, and ABI5, by comparing phenotypes of mutants, ectopic expression lines, mutants carrying an ectopically expressed transgene, and the corresponding wild-type lines. Our results indicate some cross-regulation of expression among ABI3, ABI4, and ABI5 and suggest that they function in a combinatorial network, rather than a regulatory hierarchy, controlling seed development and ABA response.
authors: Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA.
authors: E M
authors: EM
authors: Söderman
authors: I M
authors: IM
authors: Brocard
authors: T J
authors: TJ
authors: Lynch
authors: R R
authors: RR
authors: Finkelstein
mesh_terms: D000040:Abscisic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000483:Alleles; D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; D050976:Basic-Leucine Zipper Transcription Factors; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant / Q000187:drug effects; D018525:Germination / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D005966:Glucuronidase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology; D009154:Mutation; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology; D010937:Plant Growth Regulators / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D030821:Plants, Genetically Modified; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012639:Seeds / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development; D015534:Trans-Activators; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: C091601:ABI3 protein, Arabidopsis; C409743:ABI5 protein, Arabidopsis; C499534:APETALA2 protein, Arabidopsis; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; D050976:Basic-Leucine Zipper Transcription Factors; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D010937:Plant Growth Regulators; D010940:Plant Proteins; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D015534:Trans-Activators; D014157:Transcription Factors; D000040:Abscisic Acid; D005966:Glucuronidase