title: Mechanism of healing following the Snodgrass repair.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  It has been suggested that healing after tubularized incised plate urethroplasty occurs through re-epithelialization with normal tissue ingrowth or by secondary intent through scarring. We investigated healing in tubularized incised plate urethroplasty.
  
  
  METHODS
  Hypospadias was created in 5 dogs by incising the ventral urethra, allowed to heal for 21 days and subsequently repaired. During hypospadias creation a tattoo was made longitudinally in the midline dorsal urethral plate. The tattoo was bisected during repair, thus creating 2 distinct lines marking the edges of the incision. A neourethra was tubularized and closed in 2 layers. At 21 days the phallus was harvested, inspected and embedded for histology.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The dorsal urethral plate incision contained 2 distinct lines in all samples representing the area of separation between the native and ingrowing urethras. The distance between these lines was 0.9 +/- 0.1 mm. Proximal urethral lumen diameter (3. 3 +/- 0.1 mm.) was not significantly different from that of the neourethral lumen (3.1 +/- 0.1 mm.). Histologically all repairs had intact squamous epithelium. There was normal appearing subepithelial architecture with scant perivascular lymphocytic infiltrates between the tattoos. In contrast, the area around the sutures showed a desmoplastic (fibroblastic) reaction with an inflammatory, primarily neutrophilic response.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Healing of the incision in the dorsal urethral plate during tubularized incised plate urethroplasty occurs by re-epithelialization with normal tissue ingrowth. In contrast, the sutured closure heals with a desmoplastic and inflammatory response.
authors: Department of Urology, Center for Pediatric Urology and Laboratory for Minimally Invasive Urologic Surgery, New York Presbyterian Hospital, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York, USA.
authors: C B
authors: CB
authors: Bleustein
authors: M P
authors: MP
authors: Esposito
authors: R A
authors: RA
authors: Soslow
authors: D
authors: D
authors: Felsen
authors: D P
authors: DP
authors: Poppas
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004285:Dogs; D007021:Hypospadias / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D013537:Sutures; D014521:Urethra / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D013519:Urogenital Surgical Procedures; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000502:physiology*