title: COX-2, NO, and cartilage damage and repair.
abstract: The production of nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE(2)) is increased in human osteoarthritis-affected cartilage. These and other inflammatory mediators are spontaneously released by OA cartilage explants ex vivo. The excessive production of nitric oxide inhibits matrix synthesis, and promotes its degradation. Furthermore, by reacting with oxidants such as superoxide anion, nitric oxide promotes cellular injury, and renders the chondrocyte susceptible to cytokine-induced apoptosis. PGE(2) exerts both anabolic and catabolic effects on chondrocytes, depending on the microenvironment and physiological condition. Thus, NO and PGE(2), produced by activated chondrocytes in diseased cartilage, may modulate disease rogression in osteoarthritis, and should therefore be considered potential targets for therapeutic intervention
authors: Department of Rheumatology & Medicine, Hospital for Joint Diseases, 301 East 17th Street, Room 1410, New York, NY 10003, USA.
authors: A R
authors: AR
authors: Amin
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Dave
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Attur
authors: S B
authors: SB
authors: Abramson
mesh_terms: D002358:Cartilage, Articular / Q000378:metabolism*; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D015232:Dinoprostone / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D005260:Female; D006706:Homeostasis; D006801:Humans; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D008297:Male; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D010003:Osteoarthritis / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology*; D010007:Osteochondritis / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D012038:Regeneration / Q000502:physiology*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
chemical_list: D007527:Isoenzymes; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; C496540:PTGS2 protein, human; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases; D015232:Dinoprostone