title: Extraperitoneal laparoscopic para-aortic lymph node dissection for early stage nonseminomatous germ cell tumors of the testis with introduction of a nerve sparing technique: description and results.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The extraperitoneal approach is well suited to urological surgery. Transperitoneal laparoscopic para-aortic lymph node dissection has been reported with good results for early stage nonseminomatous germ cell tumor of the testis. We report our current experience with laparoscopic para-aortic lymph node dissection using a new extraperitoneal approach.
  
  
  METHODS
  The technique consists of an internal iliac extraperitoneal approach and complete unilateral modified laparoscopic para-aortic lymph node dissection. We assessed 25 patients with clinical stage I (20) or IIA (5) testicular nonseminomatous germ cell tumor who underwent this technique, including left and right lymphadenectomy in 13 and 12, respectively. In addition, nerve sparing dissection was performed in the last 12 cases.
  
  
  RESULTS
  An average of 9.8 (range 3 to 19) and 17. 7 (range 5 to 29) lymph nodes were dissected on the right and left sides, respectively. No intraoperative or postoperative complications developed that required laparotomy. Average operative time was 3 hours 50 minutes (range 3 to 5 hours). Average hospital stay was 1.2 days (range 1 to 3). Results were positive in 10 patients who were given platinum based chemotherapy. At close followup of 15 months no late adverse effects or recurrence was observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although a larger experience and longer followup are required, extraperitoneal laparoscopy is a safe, effective and well suited method of diagnostic para-aortic lymph node dissection for early stage testicular nonseminomatous germ cell tumor. The specific advantages of this approach are no blind trocar insertion or bowel contact and ability to perform nerve sparing dissection. Moreover, it is cost-effective since only 3 trocars are necessary and recovery is rapid.
authors: Department of Urologic and Digestive Oncology, Centre Oscar Lambret, France.
authors: E
authors: E
authors: LeBlanc
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Caty
authors: D
authors: D
authors: Dargent
authors: D
authors: D
authors: Querleu
authors: E
authors: E
authors: Mazeman
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D018237:Germinoma / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D007902:Length of Stay / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008197:Lymph Node Excision / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D013525:Surgical Instruments; D013736:Testicular Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*; D013997:Time Factors