Vascular endothelial growth factor receptors in the regulation of angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis.
VEGFR-1 (Flt-1), VEGFR-2 (KDR) and VEGFR-3 (Flt4) are endothelial specific receptor tyrosine kinases, regulated by members of the vascular endothelial growth factor family. VEGFRs are indispensable for embryonic vascular development, and are involved in the regulation of many aspects of physiological and pathological angiogenesis. VEGF-C and VEGF-D, as ligands for VEGFR-3 are also capable of stimulating lymphangiogenesis and at least VEGF-C can enhance lymphatic metastasis. Recent studies have shown that missense mutations within the VEGFR-3 tyrosine kinase domain are associated with human hereditary lymphedema, suggesting an important role for this receptor in the development of the lymphatic vasculature.
Karkkainen
M J
MJ
Molecular Cancer Biology Laboratory, and the Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland.
Petrova
T V
TV
D002455:Cell Division / Q000502:physiology; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000502:physiology; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000502:physiology; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000166:cytology; D006801:Humans; D008208:Lymphatic System / Q000196:embryology*; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic / Q000503:physiopathology*; D018919:Neovascularization, Physiologic / Q000502:physiology*; D020794:Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000502:physiology*; D017978:Receptors, Growth Factor / Q000502:physiology*; D040262:Receptors, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor
D017978:Receptors, Growth Factor; D020794:Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; D040262:Receptors, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor