title: Quantitative assessment of the effect of 0.05% chlorhexidine on rat articular cartilage metabolism in vitro and in vivo.
abstract: Wound infection remains a problem. Syringe and needle jet lavage of chlorhexidine gluconate 0.05% removed or killed 99.8% of contaminating bacteria within 1 minute in a wound model. In clinical use, however, possible toxicity to articular cartilage is a concern. In an established intact rat patella model in vitro, 1 minute of exposure to chlorhexidine 0.05% and chlorhexidine jet lavage did not significantly alter cartilage metabolism. A 1-hour exposure decreased metabolic activity. In vivo, a 30-minute exposure with or without rinsing produced no impairment of metabolic activity 6 weeks later, suggesting that cartilage has the potential for biological recovery. However, injecting and leaving chlorhexidine 0.05% in the joints was detrimental to the metabolic activity of the articular cartilage as assessed 6 weeks later. Thus, chlorhexidine gluconate 0.05% could be used on normal articular cartilage. Any potential damage from prolonged exposure can be avoided by rinsing after 1 minute.
authors: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, England. alexreading@hotmail.com
authors: A D
authors: AD
authors: Reading
authors: P
authors: P
authors: Rooney
authors: G J
authors: GJ
authors: Taylor
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002358:Cartilage, Articular / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D002710:Chlorhexidine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007277:Injections, Jet; D007719:Knee Joint / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D023421:Models, Animal; D010329:Patella / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D051381:Rats; D011917:Rats, Inbred Lew
chemical_list: D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local; D002710:Chlorhexidine