title: The risk of menstrual abnormalities after tubal sterilization. U.S. Collaborative Review of Sterilization Working Group.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The existence of a post-tubal-ligation syndrome of menstrual abnormalities has been debated for decades. We used data from the U.S. Collaborative Review of Sterilization to determine whether the likelihood of persistent menstrual abnormalities was greater among women who had undergone tubal sterilization than among women who had not.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 9514 women who underwent tubal sterilization and 573 women whose partners underwent vasectomy were followed in a multicenter, prospective cohort study for up to five years by means of annual telephone interviews. All women were asked the same questions about six characteristics of their menstrual cycles in the presterilization and follow-up interviews. Multiple logistic-regression analysis was used to assess the risk of persistent menstrual changes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The women who had undergone sterilization were no more likely than those who had not undergone the procedure to report persistent changes in intermenstrual bleeding or the length of the menstrual cycle. They were more likely to have decreases in the number of days of bleeding (odds ratio, 2.4; 95 percent confidence interval, 1.1 to 5.2), the amount of bleeding (odds ratio, 1.5; 95 percent confidence interval, 1.1 to 2.0), and menstrual pain (odds ratio, 1.3; 95 percent confidence interval, 1.0 to 1.8) and to have an increase in cycle irregularity (odds ratio, 1.6; 95 percent confidence interval, 1.1 to 2.3). Among women who had had very heavy bleeding at base line, women who had undergone sterilization were more likely than women who had not undergone the procedure to report decreased bleeding (45 percent vs. 33 percent, P=0.03).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Women who have undergone tubal sterilization are no more likely than other women to have menstrual abnormalities.
authors: Division of Reproductive Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30341-3724, USA.
authors: H B
authors: HB
authors: Peterson
authors: G
authors: G
authors: Jeng
authors: S G
authors: SG
authors: Folger
authors: S A
authors: SA
authors: Hillis
authors: P A
authors: PA
authors: Marchbanks
authors: L S
authors: LS
authors: Wilcox
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008595:Menorrhagia / Q000517:prevention & control; D008599:Menstruation Disturbances / Q000209:etiology*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012306:Risk; D013246:Sterilization, Tubal / Q000009:adverse effects*; D014659:Vasectomy