title: Surface hardness change of restorative filling materials stored in saliva.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study was to investigate the effect of saliva used as storage liquid and the length of storage effect on surface hardnesses of Fuji IX (GP) (FIX), Dyract (DR), Z-100 and Estio LC (ELC).
  
  
  METHODS
  The materials were mixed according to the manufacturers' instructions and immersed in distilled water or human parotid saliva. Vickers hardness number (HVN) was measured 1, 7, 20 and 40 days after the materials were mixed. HVN was calculated from the indentation diameter after 100 or 300g loading on their surface for 15s. The two methods of characterization used in this work were X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) for surface chemical composition and electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) for depth profile analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Only in FIX, did HVN increase with time at both storage conditions, distilled water and saliva. The increase rate of the value was higher when stored in saliva than distilled water. After 40 days storage in saliva, the HVN value of FIX increased by 39%. The increase for storage in saliva for DR was 22%, ELC 16%, and Z100 3%, compared to 1 day storage in distilled water. Ca and P peaks caused by saliva were detected by XPS and EPMA analysis, but these peaks did not exist in either composite resin or polyacid-modified composite resin by EPMA analysis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Saliva has the remarkable effect of increasing surface hardness of Fuji IX (GP).
authors: Research and Development Department, GC Corporation, 76-1 Hasunuma-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 174-8585, Japan. kaori_okada@mb.gcdental.co.jp
authors: K
authors: K
authors: Okada
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Tosaki
authors: K
authors: K
authors: Hirota
authors: W R
authors: WR
authors: Hume
mesh_terms: D020770:Compomers / Q000737:chemistry*; D003188:Composite Resins / Q000737:chemistry*; D003793:Dental Restoration, Permanent / Q000379:methods; D004356:Drug Storage; D005899:Glass Ionomer Cements / Q000737:chemistry*; D006244:Hardness; D006801:Humans; D020100:Hydrogels / Q000737:chemistry; D008422:Materials Testing; D008689:Methacrylates; D012463:Saliva / Q000737:chemistry*; D017640:Silicates; D012822:Silicon Dioxide; D013052:Spectrometry, X-Ray Emission; D013499:Surface Properties; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry; D015040:Zirconium
chemical_list: D020770:Compomers; D003188:Composite Resins; C088486:Dyract; C097955:Estio LC; D005899:Glass Ionomer Cements; D020100:Hydrogels; D008689:Methacrylates; D017640:Silicates; C083568:Z100 composite resin; C110713:fuji IX; D014867:Water; D012822:Silicon Dioxide; D015040:Zirconium