title: Clinical impact of genotype 1 TT virus infection in patients with chronic hepatitis C and response of TT virus to alpha-interferon.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The relationship between genotype 1 TT virus (TTV) infection and the status of chronic hepatitis C was studied.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 52 patients with chronic hepatitis C who were treated with interferon (IFN)-alpha were enrolled in the present study. Of those, 12 were infected with genotype 1 TTV and 40 were uninfected.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Clinical backgrounds, including mean age, sex, blood transfusion history, serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) level, and the results of liver biopsy did not differ between patients with and without genotype 1 TTV infection. The distribution of hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotypes did not differ between the two groups of patients, but TTV-infected patients tended to have a lower serum HCV-RNA level than uninfected patients (median (range) 26.0 (< 1-460) vs 135 (1.2-740) kilo copies/mL, respectively; P = 0.065). Patients with a sustained response of HCV to IFN-alpha were significantly more common in TTV-infected than -uninfected patients (58 vs 23%, respectively; P = 0.018). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that patients with a sustained response of HCV correlated significantly with the serum HCV-RNA level (P = 0.006), but not with the presence or absence of genotype 1 TTV infection (P = 0.161). Serum TTV-DNA decreased with IFN-alpha therapy in all 12 patients and remained negative in six patients even after treatment. There was no correlation between patients with a sustained response of HCV and the same of TTV. Serum ALT levels correlated with changes in the status of HCV viremia, but not with changes in the status of TTV viremia.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  An opposing relationship between HCV and TTV proliferation was suggested, but coinfection with genotype 1 TTV did not affect the status of chronic hepatitis C.
authors: Second Department of Internal Medicine, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan.
authors: Y
authors: Y
authors: Nishizawa
authors: E
authors: E
authors: Tanaka
authors: K
authors: K
authors: Orii
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Rokuhara
authors: T
authors: T
authors: Ichijo
authors: K
authors: K
authors: Yoshizawa
authors: K
authors: K
authors: Kiyosawa
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004266:DNA Virus Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000821:virology; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000032:analysis; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D016174:Hepacivirus / Q000235:genetics; D006508:Hepatitis Antibodies / Q000097:blood; D019698:Hepatitis C, Chronic / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000821:virology; D006801:Humans; D016898:Interferon-alpha / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000032:analysis; D022783:Torque teno virus / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D000998:Antiviral Agents; D004279:DNA, Viral; D006508:Hepatitis Antibodies; D016898:Interferon-alpha; D012367:RNA, Viral