title: Cervical spine alignment in the immobilized ice hockey player. A computed tomographic analysis of the effects of helmet removal.
abstract: To determine if helmet removal causes a significant increase in lordosis of the cervical spine in ice hockey players, we radiographically assessed the position of the cervical spine in subjects immobilized to a standard spine backboard wearing shoulder pads both with and without a helmet. Ten adult male volunteers (ages, 18 to 28 years) with no previous history of cervical spine injuries were fitted with an appropriately sized ice hockey helmet and shoulder pads and immobilized in a supine position to a standard spine backboard. Computerized tomographic lateral scout scans were obtained of the cervical spine for three conditions: 1) no equipment (control), 2) helmet and shoulder pads, and 3) shoulder pads only (helmet removed). With the helmet removed and the shoulder pads remaining, a significant increase in C2 to C7 lordosis was found when compared with the other two conditions. Individual segmental measurements revealed a significant increase in cervical lordosis at the C6-7 level with the helmet removed compared with the helmet and shoulder pads condition. Our results demonstrate that the removal of an ice hockey helmet from a supine player causes a significant increase in lordosis (extension) of the cervical spine. We recommend that ice hockey helmets not be removed from injured players, with rare exceptions, because doing so results in unnecessary motion of the cervical spine.
authors: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, 55455, USA.
authors: R F
authors: RF
authors: Laprade
authors: K A
authors: KA
authors: Schnetzler
authors: R J
authors: RJ
authors: Broxterman
authors: F
authors: F
authors: Wentorf
authors: T J
authors: TJ
authors: Gilbert
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001265:Athletic Injuries / Q000517:prevention & control; D002574:Cervical Vertebrae / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000293:injuries / Q000502:physiology*; D006260:Head Protective Devices; D006688:Hockey / Q000293:injuries*; D006801:Humans; D007103:Immobilization; D008297:Male; D016683:Supine Position / Q000502:physiology*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed