title: Serum pancreastatin levels predict response to hepatic artery chemoembolization and somatostatin analogue therapy in metastatic neuroendocrine tumors.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Neuroendocrine tumors often metastasize to the liver and present with disabling hormonal symptoms. Hepatic artery chemoembolization (HACE) combined with somatostatin therapy, pre-embolization, peri-embolization and post-embolization, at doses to control symptoms, is an aggressive approach that can relieve hormonal symptoms with minimal morbidity and mortality.
  
  
  METHODS
  Chemoembolization was performed using 30 mg of adriamycin, 50 mg of mitomycin, 12 ml of hexabrix, 10 ml of ethiodol, and 360-500-microm particles. Pancreastatin, a split product of chromogranin A, was measured pre-HACE and post-HACE in all patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Forty-three chemoebolization procedures were performed in 34 symptomatic patients from December 1995 to August 1999. Seventeen patients had intestinal primaries (50%), seven had pancreatic primaries (20%), five had bronchial primaries (15%), and five had unknown primaries (15%). Systemic pancreastatin levels were improved or stable in 31 patients (78%). Symptoms were improved in these 31 patients (78%). Systemic serotonin levels were improved or stable in 24 patients (60%). Radiographic improvement or stability was seen in 18 patients (45%). Procedural related morbidity included pain, fevers, nausea, vomiting, and transient elevations of liver function studies in 75-100% of patients. There was one procedural related mortality (2%). Less than 20% improvement in pancreastatin levels from baseline was associated with death in five of five patients (100%). This was not observed with serotonin levels.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Measurement of serum pancreastatin levels is an easy and useful method to predict success in patients who undergo HACE plus somatostatin therapy for metastatic neuroendocrine tumors to the liver. This therapeutic approach is effective in relieving symptoms in 78% of patients, with minimal major morbidity or mortality.
authors: The Neuroendocrine Tumor Clinic at The Ohio State University, The Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, Columbus, OH, USA.
authors: D C
authors: DC
authors: Desai
authors: T M
authors: TM
authors: O'Dorisio
authors: W J
authors: WJ
authors: Schirmer
authors: S S
authors: SS
authors: Jung
authors: H
authors: H
authors: Khabiri
authors: V
authors: V
authors: Villanueva
authors: E W
authors: EW
authors: Martin
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D016461:Chemoembolization, Therapeutic / Q000009:adverse effects; D053379:Chromogranin A; D002864:Chromogranins / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004317:Doxorubicin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D004998:Ethiodized Oil / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006499:Hepatic Artery; D006801:Humans; D007485:Ioxaglic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000401:mortality / Q000556:secondary / Q000628:therapy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016685:Mitomycin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D018358:Neuroendocrine Tumors / Q000097:blood* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D010187:Pancreatic Hormones / Q000097:blood* / Q000378:metabolism; D012701:Serotonin / Q000097:blood; D013004:Somatostatin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D053379:Chromogranin A; D002864:Chromogranins; D003287:Contrast Media; D010187:Pancreatic Hormones; C050836:pancreastatin; D012701:Serotonin; D016685:Mitomycin; D013004:Somatostatin; D004998:Ethiodized Oil; D004317:Doxorubicin; D007485:Ioxaglic Acid