title: Salvage surgery after failure of nonsurgical therapy for carcinoma of the larynx and hypopharynx.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  For larynx preservation, radiotherapy is gaining popularity for primary treatment of laryngeal and hypopharyngeal cancer, reserving surgery for salvage.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To analyze the outcome of salvage surgery after failure of primary radiotherapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nine-year retrospective outcome analysis.
  
  
  METHODS
  University referral center.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-four patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx (n = 39) or hypopharynx (n = 15).
  
  
  RESULTS
  For laryngeal cancer, mean interval from radiation to detection of recurrence was 14.5 months (range, 2-66 months). Twenty-three patients (59%) presented with a more advanced tumor stage after radiation than at the initial evaluation. Total laryngectomy was needed in 36 patients (92%). Disease-specific 5-year survival rate was 63%. Survival of patients with small recurrent tumors was statistically significantly better than those with advanced tumors (P =.004). For hypopharyngeal cancer, mean interval from radiation to detection of the recurrence was 10.6 months (range, 3-40 months). Total laryngopharyngectomy was needed in 8 of 9 patients with local recurrrence; neck dissection, in 6 patients with regional recurrence. Disease-specific 5-year survival rate was only 20%. Recurrent tumor and node stages did not influence the outcome. Patients with regional recurrences did no better than those with local ones.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Salvage surgery in laryngeal cancer achieves good results, especially for small recurrences. Because of tumor progression, larynx preservation is seldom possible at the time of salvage. Salvage surgery in hypopharyngeal cancer shows poor survival regardless of tumor stage and despite radical surgical procedures, and can be recommended only for carefully selected patients. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2000;126:1473-1477
authors: Clinic of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Frauenklinikstrasse 24, CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland. stoeckli@orl.usz.ch
authors: S J
authors: SJ
authors: Stoeckli
authors: A B
authors: AB
authors: Pawlik
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Lipp
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Huber
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Schmid
mesh_terms: D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000401:mortality / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007012:Hypopharyngeal Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000601:surgery*; D007822:Laryngeal Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000601:surgery*; D007825:Laryngectomy; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis / Q000532:radiotherapy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; D010611:Pharyngectomy; D011879:Radiotherapy Dosage; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016879:Salvage Therapy; D016019:Survival Analysis; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome