title: Degradation and glycemic effects of His(7)-glucitol glucagon-like peptide-1(7-36)amide in obese diabetic ob/ob mice.
abstract: Glucagon-like peptide-1(7-36)amide (tGLP-1) has attracted considerable potential as a possible therapeutic agent for type 2 diabetes. However, tGLP-1 is rapidly inactivated in vivo by the exopeptidase dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP IV), thereby terminating its insulin releasing activity. The present study has examined the ability of a novel analogue, His(7)-glucitol tGLP-1 to resist plasma degradation and enhance the insulin-releasing and antihyperglycemic activity of the peptide in 20-25-week-old obese diabetic ob/ob mice. Degradation of native tGLP-1 by incubation at 37 degrees C with obese mouse plasma was clearly evident after 3 h (35% intact). After 6 h, more than 87% of tGLP-1 was converted to GLP-1(9-36)amide and two further N-terminal fragments, GLP-1(7-28) and GLP-1(9-28). In contrast, His(7)-glucitol tGLP-1 was completely resistant to N-terminal degradation. The formation of GLP-1(9-36)amide from native tGLP-1 was almost totally abolished by addition of diprotin A, a specific inhibitor of DPP IV. Effects of tGLP-1 and His(7)-glucitol tGLP-1 were examined in overnight fasted obese mice following i.p. injection of either peptide (30 nmol/kg) together with glucose (18 mmol/kg) or in association with feeding. Plasma glucose was significantly lower and insulin response greater following administration of His(7)-glucitol tGLP-1 as compared to glucose alone. Native tGLP-1 lacked antidiabetic effects under the conditions employed, and neither peptide influenced the glucose-lowering action of exogenous insulin (50 units/kg). Twice daily s.c. injection of ob/ob mice with His(7)-glucitol tGLP-1 (10 nmol/kg) for 7 days reduced fasting hyperglycemia and greatly augmented the plasma insulin response to the peptides given in association with feeding. These data demonstrate that His(7)-glucitol tGLP-1 displays resistance to plasma DPP IV degradation and exhibits antihyperglycemic activity and substantially enhanced insulin-releasing action in a commonly used animal model of type 2 diabetes.
authors: School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulster, Cromore Road, BT52 1SA, Northern Ireland, Coleraine, UK. fpm.oharte@ulst.ac.uk
authors: F P
authors: FP
authors: O'Harte
authors: M H
authors: MH
authors: Mooney
authors: C M
authors: CM
authors: Kelly
authors: A M
authors: AM
authors: McKillop
authors: P R
authors: PR
authors: Flatt
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism*; D018819:Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 / Q000378:metabolism; D004435:Eating; D005934:Glucagon / Q000097:blood / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D052216:Glucagon-Like Peptide 1; D004763:Glucagon-Like Peptides; D006801:Humans; D006943:Hyperglycemia / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000097:blood / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology; D051379:Mice; D008820:Mice, Obese; D009842:Oligopeptides / Q000494:pharmacology; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000097:blood / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011480:Protease Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D011498:Protein Precursors / Q000097:blood / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D021241:Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007328:Insulin; D009842:Oligopeptides; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D011480:Protease Inhibitors; D011498:Protein Precursors; C055453:glucagon-like peptide 1 (7-36)amide; D004763:Glucagon-Like Peptides; D052216:Glucagon-Like Peptide 1; D005934:Glucagon; C041445:diprotin A; D018819:Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4