title: Percutaneous management of stones in a patient with sacral agenesis.
abstract: We report a case of a patient with sacral agenesis and nephrolithiasis in whom percutaneous nephrostolithotomy was used to treat the stone disease. Sacral agenesis is an uncommon congenital anomaly involving the lower vertebral bodies and is associated with urinary tract dysfunction. Nephrolithiasis in a patient with sacral agenesis poses a problem in access for percutaneous nephrostolithotomy because of the associated presence of renal ectopia. We describe our technique and the special considerations necessary for successful access.
authors: Department of Urology, Kaiser Permanente Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA.
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Limb
authors: G C
authors: GC
authors: Bellman
mesh_terms: D000015:Abnormalities, Multiple / Q000453:epidemiology; D000328:Adult; D015897:Comorbidity; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000002:abnormalities; D007669:Kidney Calculi / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000601:surgery*; D009403:Nephrostomy, Percutaneous / Q000379:methods*; D012447:Sacrum / Q000002:abnormalities*; D016135:Spinal Dysraphism / Q000453:epidemiology; D016896:Treatment Outcome