title: Open laparoscopic access using a radially dilating trocar: experience and indications in 50 consecutive cases.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Laparoscopy can be performed using needle access for initial insufflation or open access.
  
  
  METHODS
  A technique for open laparoscopic access to the abdomen using a radially dilating cannula was used in 52 operations in 50 patients. Indications included age <2 years, severe kyphosis, and creation of an umbilical stoma.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was one case of minor leakage of carbon dioxide that did not affect the procedure being performed. There were two cases of preperitoneal placement, which were recognized immediately; in both, peritoneal access was easily obtained.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Open laparoscopic access is safely and easily performed with a radially dilating trocar. This is the preferred technique at our institution for patients who meet the criteria for open access.
authors: Brady Urological Institute, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
authors: D C
authors: DC
authors: Cuellar
authors: P K
authors: PK
authors: Kavoussi
authors: L A
authors: LA
authors: Baker
authors: S G
authors: SG
authors: Docimo
mesh_terms: D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D052776:Female Urogenital Diseases / Q000601:surgery*; D059685:Herniorrhaphy; D006801:Humans; D020706:Laparoscopes; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D052801:Male Urogenital Diseases; D010537:Peritoneum / Q000601:surgery; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014570:Urologic Diseases / Q000601:surgery*