title: Central nystagmus induced by deep-brain stimulation for epilepsy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The goal of the present study was to describe the localization of central nystagmus induced as a side effect of electrical deep-brain stimulation for epilepsy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Bilateral deep-brain stimulating electrodes were inserted in the centromedian nucleus of the thalamus to control seizures in a patient with intractable epilepsy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cathodal high-frequency stimulation through the deepest contact of each electrode elicited cycles of slow ipsiversive conjugate eye deviations, each followed by rapid contralateral jerks. The involved electrode contacts were situated at the mesodiencephalic junction just inferior to the centromedian nucleus of the thalamus and rostral to the superior colliculus. Right-sided stimulation evoked left beating nystagmus and left-sided stimulation evoked right beating nystagmus. Stimulation through other electrode contacts did not induce nystagmus. Electronystagmography showed the nystagmus to have constant velocity slow phases.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A central nystagmogenic area exists in humans that appears to be homologous to the nucleus of the optic tract, a region described in nonhuman primates to play a role in the generation of optokinetic nystagmus.
authors: Division of Neurology, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors: R B
authors: RB
authors: Taylor
authors: R A
authors: RA
authors: Wennberg
authors: A M
authors: AM
authors: Lozano
authors: J A
authors: JA
authors: Sharpe
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004599:Electric Stimulation Therapy / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods; D004567:Electrodes, Implanted; D004584:Electronystagmography; D004827:Epilepsy / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D007839:Functional Laterality / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D009759:Nystagmus, Pathologic / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology*; D013787:Thalamic Nuclei / Q000502:physiology*