The role of the breast ductal system in the diagnosis of cancer (review).
It has been shown that early detection of breast cancer saves lives. This review summarizes the findings of the diagnostic methods involving the breast ductal system to date, including nipple fluid cytology, nipple fluid tumor markers, ductogram, and ductoscopy.
Shao
Z M
ZM
Division of Surgical Oncology, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
Liu
Y
Y
Nguyen
M
M
D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis; D001826:Body Fluids / Q000737:chemistry / Q000166:cytology; D001940:Breast / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000737:chemistry / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D002272:Carcinoembryonic Antigen / Q000032:analysis; D004724:Endoscopy; D016228:Endothelial Growth Factors / Q000032:analysis; D005260:Female; D016222:Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000032:analysis; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase / Q000032:analysis; D008222:Lymphokines / Q000032:analysis; D008327:Mammography / Q000379:methods; D009558:Nipples; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000032:analysis; D018719:Erb-b2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinases / Q000032:analysis; D013396:Suction; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D042442:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors
D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D002272:Carcinoembryonic Antigen; D016228:Endothelial Growth Factors; D016222:Fibroblast Growth Factor 2; D007527:Isoenzymes; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; D008222:Lymphokines; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen; D018719:Erb-b2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinases; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D042442:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors