title: In vitro susceptibility to everninomycin of gram-positive nosocomial pathogens isolated from intensive care units in Germany.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Gram-positive bacteria are increasingly found to be causative pathogens in nosocomial infections, and the occurrence of vancomycin resistance in enterococci as well as staphylococci has prompted the investigation of alternative antimicrobial agents active against these strains. Everninomycin, a new oligosaccharide antibiotic, has excellent in vitro activity against gram-positive bacteria, including those resistant to vancomycin. However, avilamycin, a related compound, has been used in Europe as a growth promoter in animal food for years and concern has been raised that cross-resistance in clinical isolates may arise.
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied a collection of 268 nosocomial gram-positive isolates from intensive care unit patients with nosocomial pneumonia, urinary tract infection and sepsis, using standard in vitro susceptibility testing.
  
  
  RESULTS
  It could be shown that all species tested were exquisitely sensitive to everninomycin (MIC(90) of 0.38 microg/ml for Staphylococcus aureus, 0.5 microg/ml for enterococci and 0.75 microg/ml for coagulase-negative staphylococci). Furthermore, no difference could be observed between methicillin-resistant and methicillin-sensitive S. aureus or between Enterococcus faecium and Enterococcus faecalis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that everninomycin is a promising antibiotic for the treatment of nosocomial infections in intensive care unit patients and that the use of a related substance as an additive in animal food has not yet promoted resistance in clinical isolates.
authors: Institute of Environmental Medicine and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany. akropec@iuk3.ukl.uni-freiburg.de
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Kropec
authors: U
authors: U
authors: Frank
authors: D
authors: D
authors: Jonas
authors: W
authors: W
authors: Thriene
authors: E
authors: E
authors: Schmidt-Eisenlohr
authors: F D
authors: FD
authors: Daschner
mesh_terms: D000617:Aminoglycosides; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003428:Cross Infection / Q000188:drug therapy*; D004352:Drug Resistance, Microbial; D013293:Enterococcus faecalis / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D016984:Enterococcus faecium / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006801:Humans; D007362:Intensive Care Units; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000302:isolation & purification
chemical_list: D000617:Aminoglycosides; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; C001202:evernimicin