title: A survey of continuing professional education for orthodontists in 23 European countries.
abstract: This paper reports on a survey of the organization, forms and methods of funding continuing professional education (CPE) for those providing orthodontics in 23 European countries in 1997. A postal questionnaire was sent to all members of the EURO-QUAL II BIOMED project, who came from 28 countries, together with an explanatory letter. Answers were validated during a meeting of project participants and by further correspondence, when necessary. Completed questionnaires, which were subsequently validated, were returned by orthodontists from 23 countries and indicated that orthodontic CPE took place in 22 of the 23 countries surveyed. A number of different bodies were reported as organizing orthodontic CPE. This task was most frequently performed by orthodontic societies (in 22 out of 23 countries), but a number of other bodies were also involved. Practical technique courses were reported as taking place in 20 countries. Other frequently occurring forms of orthodontic CPE were lectures (in 18 countries) and study groups (in 15 countries). Orthodontists were reported as financing their CPE in 22 countries; others, who contributed to some or all of the costs, were the Government (in six countries), employers (in four countries), universities (in four countries), and a dental company (in one country). It was concluded that some orthodontic CPE took place in the vast majority of the countries surveyed, and was invariably organized by and paid for, wholly or in part by orthodontists themselves.
authors: Eastman Dental Institute for Oral Health Care Sciences, University College London, 256 Gray's Inn Road, London WC1X 8LD, UK.
authors: K A
authors: KA
authors: Eaton
authors: J P
authors: JP
authors: Adamidis
authors: J P
authors: JP
authors: McDonald
authors: H
authors: H
authors: Seeholzer
authors: B
authors: B
authors: Sieminska-Piekarczyk
mesh_terms: D003479:Curriculum; D004498:Education, Dental, Continuing / Q000145:classification / Q000191:economics / Q000458:organization & administration; D005060:Europe; D005380:Financing, Government; D005382:Financing, Personal; D006801:Humans; D009970:Orthodontics / Q000193:education*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012953:Societies, Dental / Q000458:organization & administration; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013663:Teaching / Q000379:methods; D014146:Training Support; D014495:Universities / Q000458:organization & administration