Early programming of T cell populations responding to bacterial infection.
The duration of infection and the quantity of Ag presented in vivo are commonly assumed to influence, if not determine, the magnitude of T cell responses. Although the cessation of in vivo T cell expansion coincides with bacterial clearance in mice infected with Listeria monocytogenes, closer analysis suggests that control of T cell expansion and contraction is more complex. In this report, we show that the magnitude and kinetics of Ag-specific T cell responses are determined during the first day of bacterial infection. Expansion of Ag-specific T lymphocyte populations and generation of T cell memory are independent of the duration and severity of in vivo bacterial infection. Our studies indicate that the Ag-specific T cell response to L. monocytogenes is programmed before the peak of the innate inflammatory response and in vivo bacterial replication.
Mercado
R
R
Sections of. Infectious Diseases and Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
Vijh
S
S
Allen
S E
SE
Kerksiek
K
K
Pilip
I M
IM
Pamer
E G
EG
D019264:Adoptive Transfer; D000667:Ampicillin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000818:Animals; D017951:Antigen Presentation; D001427:Bacterial Toxins; D018414:CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000637:transplantation; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000276:immunology; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000276:immunology; D002455:Cell Division / Q000276:immunology; D003601:Cytotoxicity Tests, Immunologic; D018984:Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte / Q000276:immunology; D006183:H-2 Antigens / Q000276:immunology; D006360:Heat-Shock Proteins / Q000276:immunology; D006460:Hemolysin Proteins; D016056:Immunodominant Epitopes / Q000276:immunology; D007156:Immunologic Memory; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D008089:Listeria monocytogenes / Q000254:growth & development / Q000276:immunology; D008088:Listeriosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology*; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation; D051379:Mice; D020297:Mice, Congenic; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D016176:T-Lymphocyte Subsets / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology* / Q000637:transplantation
D001427:Bacterial Toxins; D018984:Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte; D006183:H-2 Antigens; C024755:H-2K(K) antigen; D006360:Heat-Shock Proteins; D006460:Hemolysin Proteins; D016056:Immunodominant Epitopes; D000667:Ampicillin; C038705:hlyA protein, Listeria monocytogenes