title: Risk of contralateral manifestation in children with unilateral inguinal hernia: should hernia in children be treated contralaterally?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study was done to identify risk factors for metachronous manifestation of contralateral inguinal hernia in patients with unilateral inguinal hernia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Characteristics of 156 patients with metachronous contralateral hernia were compared with those of 156 patients with unilateral hernia who were ascertained not to have presented with contralateral hernia.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was a tendency for the hernia to be more often on the left side in 88 of 156 patients (56.4%) with contralateral manifestation compared with 70 of 156 patients (44.9%) in the control group (P =.054). The age at hernia repair of the patients with contralateral manifestation, 1 to 120 months (median, 14 months), was significantly younger than the 1 to 149 months (median, 20 months) of the control patients (P =.016). More patients with contralateral manifestation had a family history of inguinal hernia, and the percentage, 24.4%, was significantly higher than the 14.7% in the control group (P =.046). A univariate analysis with the Cox regression models found that hernia on the left side and a positive family history were significantly associated with the metachronous manifestation of contralateral hernia (hazard ratio [HR], 1.40; P =. 037 and HR, 1.59; P =.013, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The risk of metachronous manifestation of contralateral hernia is high in patients with left-side hernia and in those with a family history, and the incidence of contralateral hernia is at most 10% in these patients. The authors think that the incidence is still too low to justify routine exploration and surgery for a patent processus vaginalis. Contralateral exploration should therefore be reserved for high-risk patients in whom second anesthesia and surgery have to be avoided.
authors: Department of Surgery, Gunma Children's Medical Center, Gunma, Japan.
authors: H
authors: H
authors: Ikeda
authors: N
authors: N
authors: Suzuki
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Takahashi
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Kuroiwa
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Sakai
authors: Y
authors: Y
authors: Tsuchida
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006552:Hernia, Inguinal / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors