Preferences for CPR among the elderly: the influence of attitudes and values.
OBJECTIVE
While many older individuals wish to forgo cardiopulmonary resuscitation regardless of potential positive outcomes, others desire this intervention despite low chances of survival. This study examines the extent to which health, function, attitudes, and values influence preferences for cardiopulmonary resuscitation.


METHODS
An in-person, physician-administered survey.


METHODS
Three clinical sites affiliated with a university-based geriatrics program.


METHODS
One hundred three individuals age 65 or older with ability to speak, read, and write English.


METHODS
Demographic, health and functional status, social involvement, religiosity, attitudes, and values were assessed. A standard description of cardiopulmonary resuscitation was followed by open-ended questions regarding treatment preferences.


RESULTS
Mean age was 81 (+/- 7), 66% were women and 78% had an advance directive. The majority (75%) declined cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Women were more likely to decline cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Attitudes toward life were the strongest predictors for the cardiopulmonary resuscitation decision. Family issues were important, especially the prospect of becoming a burden, as well as the outcome of cardiopulmonary resuscitation.


CONCLUSIONS
Attitudes toward life, perceived outcome of cardiopulmonary resuscitation, and family issues play a significant role in end-of-life treatment decision-making.
Hansdottir
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Sjukrahus Reykjavikur, Fossvogi, Reykjavik, Iceland. helgah@shr.is
Gruman
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Curry
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L
Judge
J O
JO
D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001290:Attitude; D001294:Attitude to Health; D016887:Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation; D003710:Demography; D005260:Female; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male