title: Characterization of methylphenidate exposures reported to a regional poison control center.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the frequency, risk population, symptoms, reason, and outcome surrounding human methylphenidate exposures reported to a regional poison control center.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective case series.
  
  
  METHODS
  All human methylphenidate exposures reported to a regional poison control center during a 2-year period were included.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data collected included age, dose, reason for exposure, symptoms (type and severity), treatment, and outcome. Age data for all other exposures reported during the same time period were also compiled.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The study included 289 patients. Overall, 31% developed symptoms, most commonly tachycardia, agitation, and lethargy. No patient developed severe symptoms, although a less favorable outcome was seen with intentional vs unintentional exposures. When compared with the age data for all other exposures reported during the same time period, a trimodal vs bimodal pattern was seen, with the novel peak occurring in 6- to 9-year-old children. Within this age group, therapeutic error was the most common reason for exposure.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Methylphenidate exposure was associated with symptom development in 31% of cases. An unusually high incidence of therapeutic error was noted surrounding its use, most commonly in the 6- to 11-year-old age group, defining a unique population at risk for toxic exposure. This initial data may allow targeted poisoning prevention efforts for this age group. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2000;154:1199-1203.
authors: Children's Hospital of Michigan Regional Poison Control Center, Suite 616, 4160 John R, Detroit, MI 48201, USA. swhite1@dmc.org
authors: S R
authors: SR
authors: White
authors: C M
authors: CM
authors: Yadao
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000188:drug therapy; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008774:Methylphenidate / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008824:Michigan / Q000453:epidemiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D011039:Poison Control Centers / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011041:Poisoning / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D013566:Sympathomimetics / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D013566:Sympathomimetics; D008774:Methylphenidate