title: Doppler evaluation of the uterine and spiral arteries from different sampling sites and phases of the menstrual cycle during controlled ovarian hyperstimulation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the pulsatility index (PI) and resistance index (RI) at different sampling sites of the uterine and spiral arteries in the early and mid-menstrual phases.
  
  
  METHODS
  The uterine and spiral arteries of 110 women undergoing similar ovarian hyperstimulation and intra-uterine insemination regimes were examined using transvaginal color Doppler ultrasound. The uterine artery was sampled at five sites: (1) ascending branch; (2) descending branch; (3) proximal, near branch division; (4) mid, 0.5 cm distal to the division; (5) lateral location, 1 cm distal to the division. The spiral artery was sampled at three sites: (a) anterior; (b) fundal; (c) posterior. The uterine and spiral arteries were examined twice, on days 2-3 and 14-16, respectively, of the menstrual cycle. The women were also grouped according to age at examination, < or = 30 years and > 30 years. The PI and RI values for different sites, menstrual phase, and age were compared.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean PI and RI values of the uterine artery were: (1) 2.86 +/- 1.20 and 0.92 +/- 0.13; (2) 2.66 +/- 1.15 and 0.89 +/- 0.12; (3) 2.88 +/- 1.26 and 0.90 +/- 0.15; (4) 3.03 +/- 1.02 and 0.91 +/- 0.07; (5) 3.23 +/- 1.38 and 0.89 +/- 0.12; and of the spiral artery were (a) 1.61 +/- 1.01 and 0.69 +/- 0.17; (b) 1.69 +/- 0.74 and 0.74 +/- 0.17; (c) 1.73 +/- 0.86 and 0.68 +/- 0.17. The PI values for uterine and spiral arteries at two phases of the menstrual cycle were 2.92 +/- 1.18 and 1.55 +/- 0.72 (days 2-3); 3.11 +/- 1.15 and 1.80 +/- 1.02 (days 14-16), respectively; for younger women (age < or = 30 years) these values were 2.83 +/- 1.22 and 1.6 +/- 0.85 and for older women (age > 30 years) 3.0 +/- 1.34 and 1.72 +/- 0.96, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There were no significant differences in PI and RI values of the uterine and spiral arteries at different sampling sites, phase of the menstrual cycle or age. The higher PI values tended to occur in the lateral uterine artery and posterior spiral artery, during the mid-menstrual phase and in the older age group. The PI and RI values of the mid-uterine and fundal spiral artery sampling sites are representative of the whole uterine artery and spiral artery, respectively.
authors: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, China Medical College Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China.
authors: Y Y
authors: YY
authors: Hsieh
authors: F C
authors: FC
authors: Chang
authors: H D
authors: HD
authors: Tsai
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001158:Arteries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D005307:Fertilization in Vitro; D006801:Humans; D008597:Menstrual Cycle / Q000502:physiology*; D010062:Ovulation Induction; D011336:Probability; D011673:Pulsatile Flow; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D018615:Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color / Q000379:methods*; D014599:Uterus / Q000098:blood supply / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000502:physiology*; D014654:Vascular Patency; D014655:Vascular Resistance