title: Dermal fibroblasts are one of the therapeutic targets for topical application of 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3: the possible involvement of transforming growth factor-beta induction.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Transforming growth factor (TGF) -beta has been suggested to be an effective inhibitor for abnormal keratinocyte growth in psoriasis. As a majority of the secreted TGF-beta are biologically latent complexes, activation is essential for TGF-beta-mediated cellular responses in vitro and in vivo. Objectives Here we report the response of the TGF-beta regulation system to 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D3], an active vitamin D3 analogue Patients/methods We studied two types of fibroblasts derived from normal and psoriatic lesional skin, using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and Northern blotting techniques.
  
  
  RESULTS
  1,25(OH)2D3 caused a dose-dependent induction of latent and active TGF-beta1 proteins in both cell cultures. The increases were significant over 72 h, but not within 48 h after stimulation. The time course of TGF-beta1 mRNA expression showed a biphasic response consisting of early ( approximately 1 h) and late phases ( approximately 96 h) of induction. Concomitant increases of TGF-beta2 and -beta3, other mammalian isoforms, were observed in the 1,25(OH)2D3-treated cells, but the kinetics were all different. Co-incubation with metabolic inhibitors, actinomycin D and cycloheximide, revealed that the early induction of TGF-beta1 mRNA by 1,25(OH)2D3 is dependent on de novo RNA synthesis, but not on RNA stabilization or protein synthesis. It seems likely to be a transient and negligible response given the absence of TGF-beta1 protein production. The late induction of TGF-beta1 mRNA was partially blocked by adding isoform-specific antibodies to TGF-beta1, -beta2 and -beta3, indicating TGF-beta autoregulation. Despite these marked responses, there were no significant differences in the TGF-beta expression between normal and psoriatic fibroblasts.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that antiproliferative and anti-inflammatory effects of 1,25(OH)2D3 on psoriatic lesional skin may be mediated, at least in part, by a complex TGF-beta regulation in local dermal fibroblasts.
authors: Department of Dermatology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, 1 Hikariga-oka, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan.
authors: N
authors: N
authors: Oyama
authors: K
authors: K
authors: Iwatsuki
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Satoh
authors: H
authors: H
authors: Akiba
authors: F
authors: F
authors: Kaneko
mesh_terms: D000287:Administration, Topical; D000328:Adult; D015152:Blotting, Northern; D002117:Calcitriol / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D011565:Psoriasis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000378:metabolism*; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1; D053781:Transforming Growth Factor beta2; D053782:Transforming Growth Factor beta3
chemical_list: D012333:RNA, Messenger; C508960:TGFB1 protein, human; C509041:TGFB2 protein, human; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1; D053781:Transforming Growth Factor beta2; D053782:Transforming Growth Factor beta3; D002117:Calcitriol