Mechanisms and disturbances of neuronal migration.
Neuronal migration appears as a complex ontogenic step occurring early during embryonic and fetal development. Control of neuronal migration involves different cell populations including Cajal-Retzius neurons, subplate neurons, neuronal precursors or radial glia. The integrity of multiple molecular mechanisms, such as cell cycle control, cell-cell adhesion, interaction with extracellular matrix protein, neurotransmitter release, growth factor availability, platelet-activating factor degradation or transduction pathways seems to be critical for normal neuronal migration. The complexity and the multiplicity of these mechanisms probably explain the clinical, radiologic and genetic heterogeneity of human disorders of neuronal migration. The present review will be focused on mechanisms and disturbances of migration of neurons destined to the neocortex. New insights gained from the analysis of animal models as well as from the study of human diseases will be included.
Gressens
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Service de Neurologie Pédiatrique and INSERM E 9935, Hôpital Robert-Debré, F-75019 Paris, France.
D043203:1-Alkyl-2-acetylglycerophosphocholine Esterase; D000015:Abnormalities, Multiple / Q000235:genetics; D000016:Abnormalities, Radiation-Induced / Q000196:embryology; D000818:Animals; D019070:Cell Lineage; D002465:Cell Movement; D002552:Cerebral Ventricles / Q000473:pathology; D002828:Choristoma; D003285:Contractile Proteins / Q000172:deficiency / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D006224:Cricetinae; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D005326:Fetal Proteins / Q000172:deficiency / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology; D064448:Filamins; D006133:Growth Substances / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007051:Ibotenic Acid / Q000633:toxicity; D051379:Mice; D008817:Mice, Mutant Strains; D008831:Microcephaly / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D008840:Microfilament Proteins / Q000172:deficiency / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D008869:Microtubule-Associated Proteins / Q000172:deficiency / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D008870:Microtubules / Q000648:ultrastructure; D009024:Morphogenesis; D019579:Neocortex / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000166:cytology / Q000196:embryology*; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000172:deficiency / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology; D009457:Neuroglia / Q000145:classification / Q000166:cytology*; D009474:Neurons / Q000145:classification / Q000166:cytology*; D018377:Neurotransmitter Agents / Q000502:physiology; D020675:Peroxisomes / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D011247:Pregnancy; D011251:Pregnancy Complications, Infectious; D051381:Rats; D011922:Rats, Mutant Strains; D013577:Syndrome
D003285:Contractile Proteins; D005326:Fetal Proteins; D064448:Filamins; D006133:Growth Substances; D008840:Microfilament Proteins; D008869:Microtubule-Associated Proteins; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D018377:Neurotransmitter Agents; D007051:Ibotenic Acid; D043203:1-Alkyl-2-acetylglycerophosphocholine Esterase; C084102:PAFAH1B1 protein, human; C513190:Pafah1b1 protein, mouse