title: Neuroprotective effects of Ginkgo biloba extract in brain ischemia are mediated by inhibition of nitric oxide synthesis.
abstract: We studied the effects of pre-treatment (15 days) with oral administration of Ginkgo biloba extract (Ph-Gb 37.5-150 mg/kg) on brain malonildialdehyde (MDA), brain edema, brain nitrite and nitrate and delayed neuronal death following transient cerebral ischemia in the Mongolian gerbil. Survival was not modified, however, pre-treatment with Ginkgo biloba significantly and in a dose-dependent way reduced post-ischemic brain MDA levels and post-ischemic brain edema. Delayed neuronal death in the CA1 of the hippocampus was attenuated by the highest dose of the extract. Increase of nitrite and nitrate was observed after cerebral ischemia in the hippocampus and it was dose-dependently reduced in animals pretreated with Ph-Gb, thus suggesting that neuroprotective effects of Ginkgo biloba may be due to an inhibitory action on nitric oxide formation.
authors: Institute of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Torre Biologica Policlinico Universitario, Messina, Italy. gcalapai@unime.it
authors: G
authors: G
authors: Calapai
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Crupi
authors: F
authors: F
authors: Firenzuoli
authors: M C
authors: MC
authors: Marciano
authors: F
authors: F
authors: Squadrito
authors: G
authors: G
authors: Inferrera
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Parisi
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Rizzo
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Crisafulli
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Fiore
authors: A P
authors: AP
authors: Caputi
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001929:Brain Edema / Q000517:prevention & control*; D016923:Cell Death / Q000187:drug effects; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005849:Gerbillinae; D020441:Ginkgo biloba; D002546:Ischemic Attack, Transient / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000378:metabolism; D009474:Neurons / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology / Q000502:physiology; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D009566:Nitrates / Q000378:metabolism; D009573:Nitrites / Q000378:metabolism; D010946:Plants, Medicinal; D015427:Reperfusion Injury; D014020:Tissue Extracts / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D009566:Nitrates; D009573:Nitrites; D014020:Tissue Extracts; D008315:Malondialdehyde