title: Revision rhinoplasty: review of deformities, aetiology and treatment strategies.
abstract: Rhinoplasty has always been one of the most challenging aspects of facial surgery as it requires a precise assessment of the deformity, a strong grasp of nasal support mechanisms plus soft tissue skin envelope and a realistic appraisal of the outcome expected acutely and over a long period of time. This fine balance is often achieved by retrospective analysis of post-rhinoplasty results in order to highlight repeated problems and improve upon them. This study reviews 110 patients in which a total of 407 deformities were found. These are divided into upper, middle and lower thirds with a subdivision of individual deformities within each group. There is also a comparison of the results obtained from similar studies over a period of four decades to those in our study, which reveals that the post-rhinoplasty deformities noted in these studies occur with a similar frequency to those in our paper.
authors: Department of Otolaryngology, Plastic Surgery, Gooi Noord Hospital, Blaricum, The Netherlands.
authors: H D
authors: HD
authors: Vuyk
authors: S J
authors: SJ
authors: Watts
authors: B
authors: B
authors: Vindayak
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009666:Nose / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000601:surgery*; D009668:Nose Diseases / Q000209:etiology* / Q000601:surgery*; D012086:Reoperation; D012225:Rhinoplasty / Q000379:methods*