title: Fructose- and sorbitol-reduced diet improves mood and gastrointestinal disturbances in fructose malabsorbers.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Fructose malabsorption is characterized by the inability to absorb fructose efficiently. As a consequence fructose reaches the colon where it is broken down by bacteria to short fatty acids, CO2 and H2. Bloating, cramps, osmotic diarrhea and other symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome are the consequences and can be seen in about 50% of fructose malabsorbers. We have previously shown that fructose malabsorption is associated with early signs of mental depression and low serum tryptophan concentrations. It was therefore of interest whether a fructose-reduced diet could not only improve gastrointestinal complaints but also depressive signs seen in fructose malabsorbers.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-three adults (12 males, 41 females), who were identified as fructose malabsorbers according to their breath-H2 concentrations, filled out a Beck's depression inventory-questionnaire, and a questionnaire with arbitrary scales for measurement of meteorism, stool frequency and quality of life for a 4-week period before dietary intervention and 4 weeks after dietary change as for fructose- and sorbitol-reduced diet.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Depression scores were reduced by 65.2% after 4 weeks of diet (P < 0.0001), and there was a significant reduction of meteorism (P < 0.0001) and stool frequency (P < 0.01). Improvement of signs of depression and of meteorism was more pronounced in females than in males.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Fructose- and sorbitol-reduced diet in subjects with fructose malabsorption does not only reduce gastrointestinal symptoms but also improves mood and early signs of depression.
authors: Dept. of Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Innsbruck, Austria.
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Ledochowski
authors: B
authors: B
authors: Widner
authors: H
authors: H
authors: Bair
authors: T
authors: T
authors: Probst
authors: D
authors: D
authors: Fuchs
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000339:Affect; D000368:Aged; D001944:Breath Tests; D003109:Colonic Diseases, Functional / Q000209:etiology; D003863:Depression / Q000209:etiology; D004064:Digestive System / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D005632:Fructose; D005633:Fructose Intolerance / Q000178:diet therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology; D006801:Humans; D006859:Hydrogen / Q000032:analysis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011788:Quality of Life; D013012:Sorbitol; D014364:Tryptophan / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D005632:Fructose; D013012:Sorbitol; D006859:Hydrogen; D014364:Tryptophan