title: An epidemiological study of acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding in Crete, Greece.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Information about the epidemiology of acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) in southern Europe is very limited and especially in Greece non-existent. Our study sought to determine the current epidemiology of acute UGIB (incidence, mortality and case fatality) in the prefecture of Heraklion-Crete.
  
  
  METHODS
  From February 1998 to February 1999, we prospectively obtained data on all patients with acute UGIB in the prefecture of Heraklion-Crete. All patients who were permanent residents of the prefecture of Heraklion, aged 16 years and over with acute UGIB were included in the study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During this period, 353 cases of acute UGIB were included in the study. The overall incidence of acute UGIB is 160/100,000 adults per year with a male-to-female ratio of 1.7 and a mean age 66.2 +/- 17.1 years. The incidence rises from 30 in those aged under 30 years to 609 in those aged over 75 years. The overall population mortality was 9/100,000 adults per year. Overall case fatality during hospitalization was 5.6%. All deaths occurred in patients older than 60 years. One or more comorbid illnesses were noted in 61% of cases. Recent intake of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) was reported in 49% of the cases. The most common recorded diagnoses were erosive disease in 108 (30.5%) patients, duodenal ulcer in 97 (27.4%) and gastric ulcer in 75 (21.2%). Rebleeding occurred in 41 patients (12%). Twelve patients (3.3%) had surgery during hospitalization.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The overall annual incidence of acute UGIB in the prefecture of Heraklion-Crete is one of the highest reported in Europe and increases appreciably with age. Both population mortality and case fatality are slightly lower compared to those reported in most previous studies.
authors: Department of Gastroenterology, Benizelion General Hospital, Heraklion-Crete, Greece. paspati@lyttos.admin.teiher.gr
authors: G A
authors: GA
authors: Paspatis
authors: E
authors: E
authors: Matrella
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Kapsoritakis
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Leontithis
authors: N
authors: N
authors: Papanikolaou
authors: G J
authors: GJ
authors: Chlouverakis
authors: E
authors: E
authors: Kouroumalis
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000009:adverse effects; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D015897:Comorbidity; D005260:Female; D006471:Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000628:therapy; D006115:Greece / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal