The variability of practice hypothesis in motor learning: does it apply to Alzheimer's disease?
Based on Schmidt's (1975) variability of practice hypothesis, this study examined acquisition and transfer of a gross motor skill, namely tossing, in 58 patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and 58 healthy older adults under constant, blocked, and random practice conditions. While healthy older adults were able to learn the tossing task equally well under the three practice conditions, only AD patients receiving constant practice showed significant improvements. Tests of intermediate transfer yielded the expected random practice advantage in healthy controls but not AD patients. None of the practice conditions facilitated intermediate transfer in AD patients; however, constant practice did benefit these impaired individuals on tests of near transfer. These results indicate that the variability of practice hypothesis does not extend to AD patients. As motor learning and transfer were clearly a function of constant practice, future attempts to retrain basic activities of daily living in AD patients should emphasize consistency in training.
Dick
M B
MB
University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-4285, USA. mcdick@uci.edu
Hsieh
S
S
Dick-Muehlke
C
C
Davis
D S
DS
Cotman
C W
CW
D000368:Aged; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis; D006801:Humans; D007858:Learning / Q000502:physiology*; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D011594:Psychometrics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011596:Psychomotor Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology; D012720:Severity of Illness Index