title: Soluble glycosaminoglycans Do not potentiate RANTES antiviral activity on the infection of primary macrophages by human immunodeficiency virus type 1.
abstract: Macrophages play an important role in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 infection. They exist in various differentiation and activation states in vivo, a heterogeneity that may affect their interactions with HIV-1 and susceptibility to drugs. Here, we found that RANTES and MIP-1beta, heparin, or soluble chondroitin sulfate B, but not chondroitin sulfate A, inhibited HIV-1(BaL) infection of macrophages obtained as the adherent cells of 5-day cultures of blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), followed by 2 days without either nonadherent PBMC or added cytokines (MDM-5d), whereas they did not affect infection of macrophages obtained as the adherent cells recovered from 1-h incubation of PBMC and subsequent 7-day culture with macrophage colony-stimulating factor (MDM-MCSF). Such different behavior was not related to differences in HIV-1 binding but rather to postbinding steps, as HIV-1(BaL) attached similarly to MDM-5d and MDM-MCSF, a binding that was affected by soluble glycosaminoglycans but not by RANTES. Of note, CCR5 expression on both types of MDM was comparable, and it was not downregulated by RANTES on either. Mixing RANTES with each of the glycosaminoglycans did not restore inhibition of MDM-MCSF infection by HIV-1; however, heparin at concentrations that had low antiviral activity for MDM-5d counteracted RANTES anti-HIV-1 activity for these cells, whereas chondroitin sulfate B had no additive effect on that of RANTES. Both glycosaminoglycans affected RANTES binding to MDM. Thus, in contrast to cell surface proteoglycans that contribute to the attachment of RANTES to macrophages and enhance its anti-HIV-1 activity, soluble glycosaminoglycans do not facilitate, and may even offset, the anti-HIV-1 activity of RANTES.
authors: Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) E0013, Laboratoire d'Immunologie Cellulaire et Immunopathologie de l'Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salp etrière, Paris, France.
authors: L
authors: L
authors: Ylisastigui
authors: Y
authors: Y
authors: Bakri
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Amzazi
authors: J C
authors: JC
authors: Gluckman
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Benjouad
mesh_terms: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002448:Cell Adhesion; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D054407:Chemokine CCL4; D018946:Chemokine CCL5 / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000502:physiology; D002809:Chondroitin Sulfates / Q000494:pharmacology; D003871:Dermatan Sulfate / Q000494:pharmacology; D006025:Glycosaminoglycans / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000472:pathogenicity / Q000502:physiology*; D006493:Heparin / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D016173:Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000494:pharmacology; D019402:Macrophage Inflammatory Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology*; D019713:Receptors, CCR5 / Q000235:genetics; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology; D014771:Virion / Q000472:pathogenicity / Q000502:physiology; D014779:Virus Replication / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents; D054407:Chemokine CCL4; D018946:Chemokine CCL5; D006025:Glycosaminoglycans; D019402:Macrophage Inflammatory Proteins; D019713:Receptors, CCR5; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D003871:Dermatan Sulfate; D016173:Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor; D006493:Heparin; D002809:Chondroitin Sulfates