Cracks in the beta-can: fluorescent proteins from Anemonia sulcata (Anthozoa, Actinaria).
We characterize two green fluorescent proteins (GFPs), an orange fluorescent protein, and a nonfluorescent red protein isolated from the sea anemone Anemonia sulcata. The orange fluorescent protein and the red protein seem to represent two different states of the same protein. Furthermore, we describe the cloning of a GFP and a nonfluorescent red protein. Both proteins are homologous to the GFP from Aequorea victoria. The red protein is significantly smaller than other GFP homologues, and the formation of a closed GFP-like beta-can is not possible. Nevertheless, the primary structure of the red protein carries all features necessary for orange fluorescence. We discuss a type of beta-can that could be formed in a multimerization process.
Wiedenmann
J
J
Abteilungen Okologie und Morphologie der Tiere (Bio III) and Allgemeine Zoologie und Endokrinologie (Bio I), Universität Ulm, 89069 Ulm, Germany.
Elke
C
C
Spindler
K D
KD
Funke
W
W
D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D017360:Arabidopsis; D015415:Biomarkers; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D003116:Color; D004331:Drosophila melanogaster; D005453:Fluorescence; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins; D008164:Luminescent Proteins; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010947:Plants, Toxic; D011489:Protein Denaturation; D011506:Proteins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics; D012615:Sea Anemones / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics; D013050:Spectrometry, Fluorescence; D014026:Nicotiana
D015415:Biomarkers; D008164:Luminescent Proteins; D011506:Proteins; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins