title: Effects of simulated microgravity on mammalian fertilization and preimplantation embryonic development in vitro.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the effects of simulated microgravity on mammalian fertilization and preimplantation embryonic development in vitro with the use of a horizontal clinostat device.
  
  
  METHODS
  Controlled animal study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Research laboratory at a university medical school.
  
  
  METHODS
  B6D2F1 (C57BL/6 x DBA/2) and ICR mice between 8 and 10 weeks old.
  
  
  METHODS
  The first experiment was performed to investigate whether gravity is required for fertilization in vitro under three conditions: clinostat rotation, rotational control, and stationary control. In the second experiment, one-cell embryos were cultured under each condition and their morphology and viability were assessed at 96 hours.
  
  
  METHODS
  The fertilized numbers and embryonic numbers at the morula and blastocyst stages were recorded in each condition.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the first experiment, there were no statistically significant differences in the efficiency of achieving normal fertilization in vitro among the conditions. In the second experiment, there was a statistically significant decrease in the number of embryos reaching the morula and blastocyst stages after 96 hours in culture under clinostat rotation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that the process of fertilization in vitro is not sensitive to the gravitational vector. However, the possibility exists that the frequency of early embryonic lethality is increased by microgravity.
authors: Department of Urology, Nagoya City University Medical School, Nagoya, Japan. yoshi.kojima@nifty.ne.jp
authors: Y
authors: Y
authors: Kojima
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Sasaki
authors: Y
authors: Y
authors: Kubota
authors: T
authors: T
authors: Ikeuchi
authors: Y
authors: Y
authors: Hayashi
authors: K
authors: K
authors: Kohri
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001755:Blastocyst / Q000502:physiology*; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000502:physiology; D004624:Embryo Transfer; D005260:Female; D005306:Fertilization / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008811:Mice, Inbred DBA; D012399:Rotation; D018474:Weightlessness Simulation