title: Arteriovenous fistulae complicating cardiac pacemaker lead extraction: recognition, evaluation, and management.
abstract: Transvenous pacemaker lead extraction has become a commonly performed procedure that is associated with a small but significant risk. We report two cases where lead extraction was complicated by arteriovenous fistulae between branches of the aortic arch and the left brachiocephalic vein. Presenting signs and symptoms included severe chest or back pain, persistent or copious bleeding from the venous puncture site, unexplained hypotension or anemia, superior vena cava syndrome, and signs of central venous hypertension or acute heart failure. One patient whose injury was not recognized immediately and who did not undergo repair died rapidly, whereas the other patient who was diagnosed quickly underwent successful repair. Immediate diagnosis with arteriography and rapid intervention with surgery or percutaneous techniques are indicated and may prevent mortality.
authors: Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular Surgery, Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
authors: N H
authors: NH
authors: Kumins
authors: J C
authors: JC
authors: Tober
authors: C J
authors: CJ
authors: Love
authors: T A
authors: TA
authors: Culbertson
authors: M A
authors: MA
authors: Gerhardt
authors: R J
authors: RJ
authors: Irwin
authors: W L
authors: WL
authors: Smead
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000792:Angiography; D001013:Aorta, Thoracic / Q000601:surgery; D001027:Aortography; D001164:Arteriovenous Fistula / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery*; D019917:Blood Vessel Prosthesis Implantation; D016121:Brachiocephalic Veins / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D010138:Pacemaker, Artificial; D011138:Polytetrafluoroethylene; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D011138:Polytetrafluoroethylene