title: Detection of the association between a deletion polymorphism in the gene encoding angiotensin I-converting enzyme and advanced diabetic retinopathy.
abstract: We investigated the relationship between advanced diabetic retinopathy (ADR) and an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene polymorphism in subjects with type 2 diabetes and ADR, pre-proliferative (PrePDR) or proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) without overt nephropathy. Polymerase chain reactions were used to detect insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphisms of the ACE gene. There was no difference in the frequency of II, ID, or DD genotypes, or of I and D alleles among subjects with type 2 diabetes without diabetic retinopathy (NDR) or with simple diabetic retinopathy (SDR) and non-diabetic controls. There was also no difference in the frequency of ACE genotypes among subjects with type 2 diabetes with NDR, or SDR and ADR. However, the frequency of the ACE DD genotype in ADR was significantly higher than that in controls (chi(2)=6.64, P=0.036). On the other hand, the frequency of the D allele in ADR was significantly higher than that in controls (chi(2)=6.33, P=0.012), NDR (chi(2)=4.18, P=0.041) and SDR (chi(2)=4. 89, P=0.027), respectively. These results indicate a significant relationship between the presence of the D allele polymorphism in the ACE gene and ADR in Japanese subjects with type 2 diabetes and no overt nephropathy.
authors: Second Department of Internal Medicine, Asahikawa Medical College, Midorigaoka Higashi 2-1-1-1, Asahikawa, Japan.
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Matsumoto
authors: Y
authors: Y
authors: Iwashima
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Abiko
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Morikawa
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Sekiguchi
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Eto
authors: I
authors: I
authors: Makino
mesh_terms: D000419:Albuminuria; D001794:Blood Pressure; D004251:DNA Transposable Elements; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000503:physiopathology; D003930:Diabetic Retinopathy / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000503:physiopathology; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D012016:Reference Values; D017384:Sequence Deletion
chemical_list: D004251:DNA Transposable Elements; D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A