title: Quantification of cytomegalovirus DNA in BAL fluid: a longitudinal study in lung transplant recipients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is common in patients receiving solid organ transplants, and it is associated with increased morbidity as well as risk for development of chronic rejection. A rapid and sensitive diagnostic method would improve the therapeutic management of CMV infection, including the monitoring of treatment effects. We investigated whether longitudinal determinations of CMV DNA quantities in BAL fluid could be useful for this purpose.
  
  
  METHODS
  CMV DNA levels in 340 BAL samples from 35 consecutive lung transplant recipients were studied during a median of 18 months. Seventeen (49%) of the patients developed CMV disease with pneumonitis. Twenty-seven CMV disease episodes were diagnosed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients with CMV disease had a significantly higher mean level of CMV copies per milliliter BAL fluid (1,120 +/- 4,379) compared with those without (180 +/- 1,177, p < 0.01). Viral load as well as acute rejection requiring treatment (>/= A2) were independent risk factors associated with CMV disease. Differences between the groups concerning HLA-DR matching, basic immunosuppressive therapy, and CMV serologic status D/R -/+ vs D/R +/+ were not significant. A diagnostic definition of normality based on the mean level of all episodes without CMV disease +2 SD would discriminate only 9 of the 27 CMV episodes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although the viral load is increased during episodes of clinical CMV disease in lung transplant recipients, the quantitative PCR assessment of CMV DNA in BAL fluid is not discriminative enough to be useful as a diagnostic tool for CMV disease.
authors: Department of Respiratory Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborg, Sweden. gerdt.riise@hjl.gu.se
authors: G C
authors: GC
authors: Riise
authors: R
authors: R
authors: Andersson
authors: T
authors: T
authors: Bergström
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Lundmark
authors: F N
authors: FN
authors: Nilsson
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Olofsson
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001992:Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid / Q000166:cytology / Q000821:virology*; D003587:Cytomegalovirus / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D003586:Cytomegalovirus Infections / Q000175:diagnosis; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000032:analysis*; D005260:Female; D006084:Graft Rejection; D006801:Humans; D007165:Immunosuppression Therapy; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D016040:Lung Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D019562:Viral Load
chemical_list: D004279:DNA, Viral