title: Nutrient management practices among swine operations of various sizes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine feeding, cropping, and manure-handling practices of swine operations of various sizes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Producer survey.
  
  
  METHODS
  85 sow units and 132 finish floors.
  
  
  METHODS
  Swine producers were surveyed by mail and during farm visits for information regarding herd characteristics and management practices, with emphasis on the 3 components of the nutrient cycle: cropping, feeding and nutrition, and manure handling. Farms were categorized by operation type as sow units or finish floors and, subsequently, stratified by size as small sow units (< 600 head), large sow units (> or = 600 head), small finish floors (< 2,000 head), and large finish floors (2 > or = 2,000 head).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Large sow units and large finish floors were approximately twice as likely to use environmentally sound nutrient management practices as small sow units or small finish floors. These large operations were more likely to use progressive feeding practices, to be aware of their nutrient flows, and to be capable of using these nutrients properly.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is a need for greater environmental awareness among all swine producers, especially among small producers. This provides a possible growth area for large-animal veterinary consultants. Economy of scale and increased governmental regulations allow large farms to use environmentally sound practices. Thus, large swine farms are not necessarily harmful to the environment.
authors: Center for Animal Health and Productivity, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Kennett Square 19348, USA.
authors: W J
authors: WJ
authors: Hassinger
authors: K A
authors: KA
authors: Monahan
authors: T L
authors: TL
authors: Scanlon
authors: T D
authors: TD
authors: Parsons
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed; D000822:Animal Husbandry / Q000379:methods*; D000818:Animals; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D008372:Manure; D010414:Pennsylvania; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013552:Swine / Q000502:physiology*; D014876:Water Pollution
chemical_list: D008372:Manure; D012989:Soil Pollutants