title: Tubularized incised plate urethroplasty for proximal hypospadias.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To review our experience of using the tubularized incised plate (TIP) urethroplasty (useful in the treatment of distal hypospadias) to treat proximal hypospadias.
  
  
  METHODS
  From March 1997 to March 2000 primary repairs were carried out on 40 boys (mean age 4.5 years) with proximal hypospadias. After degloving the penile skin the meatus was at the mid-shaft in 10 boys, at the proximal penile shaft in 11, at the penoscrotal junction in 16, at the scrotum in two and at the perineum in one. The 21 patients with a mid or proximal shaft meatus were categorized as having mid-shaft and the other 19 as having posterior hypospadias. Tunica albuginea plication (TAP) was used to correct residual ventral curvature. The method of urethroplasty was adapted from that described by Snodgrass. The key step of the TIP repair is a midline incision of the urethral plate; a subcutaneous tissue flap dissected from the inner prepuce is used to cover the neourethra. An 8 or 10 F nasogastric tube is used as a urethral stent and removed 7 or 8 days after surgery. Follow-up endoscopy and urethral sounding were carried out in 17 of the patients aged < 6 years; the mean follow-up was 12.5 months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  TAP was used to correct penile curvature in nine (23%) of the patients. Excluding stenosis, the TIP repair was successful in 20 (90%) of those with mid-shaft and in 16 of the 19 with posterior hypospadias; for all complications the respective rates were 19 of 22 and 15 of 19. The overall success rate was 88% for all 40 patients with proximal hypospadias; a urethrocutaneous fistula occurred in two of those with mid-shaft and three of those with posterior hypospadias. Urethral meatal stenosis occurred in four (12%) of the patients (two in each group); two were associated with a fistula and the other two had only mild meatal stenosis. The overall complication rate was 17.5% (three and four in the mid and the posterior hypospadias groups, respectively). The meatal stenosis was managed by simple dilatation in three and meatoplasty in one patient. Endoscopically, the mucosa of neourethra was pink and smooth in all 17 patients assessed. The calibre of all 17 neourethra was > or = 8 F and in 13 was > or = 10 F.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  TIP repair is a reliable method for treating both mid-shaft and posterior hypospadias.
authors: Department of Urology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taiwan.
authors: S C
authors: SC
authors: Chen
authors: S S
authors: SS
authors: Yang
authors: C H
authors: CH
authors: Hsieh
authors: Y T
authors: YT
authors: Chen
mesh_terms: D002675:Child, Preschool; D006801:Humans; D007021:Hypospadias / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014521:Urethra / Q000601:surgery*