title: Correlation between HIV and HCV in Brazilian prisoners: evidence for parenteral transmission inside prison.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  It is an accepted fact that confinement conditions increase the risk of some infections related to sexual and/or injecting drugs practices. Mathematical techniques were applied to estimate time-dependent incidence densities of HIV infection among inmates.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 631 prisoners from a Brazilian prison with 4,900 inmates at that time were interviewed and their blood drawn. Risky behavior for HIV infection was analyzed, and serological tests for HIV, hepatitis C and syphilis were performed, intended as surrogates for parenteral and sexual HIV transmission, respectively. Mathematical techniques were used to estimate the incidence density ratio, as related to the time of imprisonment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Prevalence were: HIV - 16%; HCV - 34%; and syphilis - 18%. The main risk behaviors related to HIV infection were HCV prevalence (OR=10.49) and the acknowledged use of injecting drugs (OR=3.36). Incidence density ratio derivation showed that the risk of acquiring HIV infection increases with the time of imprisonment, peaking around three years after incarceration.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The correlation between HIV and HCV seroprevalence and the results of the mathematical analysis suggest that HIV transmission in this population is predominantly due to parenteral exposure by injecting drug, and that it increases with time of imprisonment.
authors: Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil. mnburatt@usp.br
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Burattini
authors: E
authors: E
authors: Massad
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Rozman
authors: R
authors: R
authors: Azevedo
authors: H
authors: H
authors: Carvalho
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001938:Brazil / Q000453:epidemiology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000635:transmission; D006526:Hepatitis C / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000635:transmission; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D015995:Prevalence; D011329:Prisoners / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012309:Risk-Taking; D016036:Seroepidemiologic Studies; D015819:Substance Abuse, Intravenous / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D013587:Syphilis / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000635:transmission