title: Diffusion-weighted MR imaging of the normal human spinal cord in vivo.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Diffusion-weighted imaging is a robust technique for evaluation of a variety of neurologic diseases affecting the brain, and might also have applications in the spinal cord. The purpose of this study was to determine the feasibility of obtaining in vivo diffusion-weighted images of the human spinal cord, to calculate normal apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values, and to assess cord anisotropy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifteen healthy volunteers were imaged using a multi-shot, navigator-corrected, spin-echo, echo-planar pulse sequence. Axial images of the cervical spinal cord were obtained with diffusion gradients applied along three orthogonal axes (6 b values each), and ADC values were calculated for white and gray matter.
  
  
  RESULTS
  With the diffusion gradients perpendicular to the orientation of the white matter tracts, spinal cord white matter was hyperintense to central gray matter at all b values. This was also the case at low b values with the diffusion gradients parallel to the white matter tracts; however, at higher b values, the relative signal intensity of gray and white matter reversed. With the diffusion gradients perpendicular to spinal cord, mean ADC values ranged from 0.40 to 0.57 x 10(-3) mm2/s for white and gray matter. With the diffusion gradients parallel to the white matter tracts, calculated ADC values were significantly higher. There was a statistically significant difference between the ADCs of white versus gray matter with all three gradient directions. Strong diffusional anisotropy was observed in spinal cord white matter.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Small field-of-view diffusion-weighted images of the human spinal cord can be acquired in vivo with reasonable scan times. Diffusion within spinal cord white matter is highly anisotropic.
authors: Department of Radiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
authors: C A
authors: CA
authors: Holder
authors: R
authors: R
authors: Muthupillai
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Mukundan
authors: J D
authors: JD
authors: Eastwood
authors: P A
authors: PA
authors: Hudgins
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016880:Anisotropy; D017352:Echo-Planar Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008297:Male; D013116:Spinal Cord / Q000033:anatomy & histology*