title: High-resolution MR venography at 3.0 Tesla.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to investigate the visualization of small venous vessels in the normal human brain at a field strength of 3 Tesla.
  
  
  METHODS
  T2*-weighted, three-dimensional gradient-echo images were acquired by exploiting the magnetic susceptibility difference between oxygenated and deoxygenated hemoglobin in the vasculature and microvasculature. The spatial resolution was 0.5 x 0.5 x 1 mm3, and sequence parameters were varied to obtain good vessel delineation. Improved visibility of venous vessels was obtained by creating phase mask images from the magnetic resonance phase images and multiplying these by the magnitude images. Venograms were created by performing a minimum intensity projection over targeted volumes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Highly detailed visualization of venous structures deep in the brain and in the superficial cortical areas were obtained without administration of an exogenous contrast agent; compared with similar studies performed at 1.5 T, the echo time could be reduced from typically 40-50 ms to 17-28 ms.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Imaging at high-field strength offers the possibility of improved resolution and the delineation of smaller vessels compared with lower field strengths.
authors: Institut für Diagnostische und Interventionelle Radiologie, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität, Jena, Germany. rbach@mrt.uni-jena.de
authors: J R
authors: JR
authors: Reichenbach
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Barth
authors: E M
authors: EM
authors: Haacke
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Klarhöfer
authors: W A
authors: WA
authors: Kaiser
authors: E
authors: E
authors: Moser
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000465:Algorithms; D001921:Brain / Q000098:blood supply*; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis; D002550:Cerebral Veins / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D005260:Female; D006391:Hemangioma / Q000175:diagnosis; D006454:Hemoglobins; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods*; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods; D002538:Intracranial Arteriovenous Malformations / Q000175:diagnosis; D018810:Magnetic Resonance Angiography / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008833:Microcirculation / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D008875:Middle Aged; D008955:Models, Cardiovascular; D010108:Oxyhemoglobins; D013997:Time Factors; D014680:Veins / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D014699:Venules / Q000033:anatomy & histology
chemical_list: D006454:Hemoglobins; D010108:Oxyhemoglobins; C100003:deoxyhemoglobin