Osteoarthritis and cartilage: the role of cytokines.
The pathogenesis of osteoarthritis involves multiple etiologies, including mechanical, biochemical, and genetic factors that contribute to the imbalance in the synthesis and destruction of articular cartilage. It is now well documented that interleukin-1 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha are the predominant proinflammatory and catabolic cytokines involved in disease initiation and progression. Other proinflammatory cytokines may amplify or modulate this process, whereas anti-inflammatory cytokines, which are often detected, paradoxically, in osteoarthritis tissues, may counteract the tissue destruction and inflammation. This review focuses on the role of cytokines in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis with special emphasis on how findings in culture and animal models may be reflected in the human disease process.
Goldring
M B
MB
Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, New England Baptist Bone & Joint Institute, Harvard Institutes of Medicine, Room 246, 4 Blackfan Circle, Boston, MA 02115, USA. mgoldrin@bidmc.harvard.edu
D000818:Animals; D002358:Cartilage, Articular / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology; D002908:Chronic Disease; D016207:Cytokines / Q000032:analysis / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010003:Osteoarthritis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012307:Risk Factors; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013583:Synovial Membrane / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology
D016207:Cytokines