The potential of various foods to serve as a carrier for micronutrient fortification, data from remote areas in Indonesia.
OBJECTIVE
To estimate the potential of various industrially produced foods, to serve as a carrier for micronutrient fortification based on the frequency of their consumption in different socio-economic strata; to determine the role of fortified instant noodles as a source of micronutrients; to assess the contribution of plant foods, animal foods and fortified foods to vitamin A intake.


METHODS
A survey was conducted in rural South Sulawesi and urban South Kalimantan between November 1996 and January 1997.


METHODS
Households (1500 in South Sulawesi; 2112 in South Kalimantan) were selected randomly by multi-stage cluster sampling. From each household, data were collected from the mother and her youngest child (0-5 y).


METHODS
Mothers were interviewed on various topics, including socio-economic status, food consumption, receipt of high-dose vitamin A capsules, health and nutritional status.


RESULTS
Monosodium glutamate and salt were consumed daily in almost all households in both areas, and consumption was not associated with socio-economic status. Instant noodles were consumed in nearly all households in both areas, but consumption of fortified noodles was related to socio-economic status; it was highest among households of government employees and private investors, and lowest among farmers and share-croppers. Vegetables were the most important source of vitamin A in rural South Sulawesi, while foods of animal origin were the most important source in urban South Kalimantan.


CONCLUSIONS
The results support double or triple fortification of salt and/or monosodium glutamate with iodine, vitamin A and/or iron. Efforts to overcome associated technical and logistical difficulties are urgently needed.


BACKGROUND
Opportunities for Micronutrient Interventions (OMNI); United States Agency for International Development (USAID). European Journal of Clinical Nutrition (2000) 54, 822-827
Melse-Boonstra
A
A
Helen Keller International/Indonesia and HKI Asia-Pacific Regional Office, Jakarta, Indonesia.
Pee
S
S
Martini
E
E
Halati
S
S
Sari
M
M
Kosen
S
S
Muhilal
Bloem
M
M
D000328:Adult; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004032:Diet; D005260:Female; D005527:Food, Fortified; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D007214:Indonesia; D007223:Infant; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D008297:Male; D018977:Micronutrients / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008903:Minerals / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D018673:Nutrition Policy; D009752:Nutritional Status; D012423:Rural Health; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D014504:Urban Health; D014815:Vitamins / Q000008:administration & dosage*
D018977:Micronutrients; D008903:Minerals; D014815:Vitamins