title: Papillary thyroid cancer with pulmonary metastases in children: long-term prognosis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) in young patients may rarely be encountered with pulmonary metastases. Previous studies have suggested that, in the pediatric population, this may not portend a lethal outcome. Our present study, children with pulmonary metastases, was designed to clarify this issue.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fourteen children and young adolescents (mean age, 13.5 years; range, 9.8-17 years) with PTC and pulmonary metastases were treated at our institution between 1937 and 1998. Surgical treatment consisted of total thyroidectomy (n = 10 patients), subtotal thyroidectomy (n = 3 patients), and a biopsy only procedure (n = 1 patient). All patients who underwent thyroidectomy also underwent a variety of cervical lymph node dissections, and all patients proved to have regional nodal disease. After the operation, 12 patients were treated with ablative doses of (131)I, 1 patient was treated with external beam irradiation, and all patients were placed on suppressive thyroid hormone therapy. The mean length of follow-up was 19.3 years (range, 1-45 years).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Regional recurrent disease developed in 2 patients (15%). No patient experienced the development of worsening pulmonary disease or extra-pulmonary metastases. All patients with recurrent disease underwent selective nodal resections. No patient died of metastatic PTC. Seven patients (50%) remain completely free of disease and are probably cured; 7 patients (50%) are asymptomatic with residual pulmonary disease.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A stepwise treatment approach allows long-term survival and frequent cure for young patients with PTC and concomitant pulmonary metastases.
authors: Division of General and Gastroenterologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic and Mayo Foundation, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
authors: J S
authors: JS
authors: Brink
authors: J A
authors: JA
authors: van Heerden
authors: B
authors: B
authors: McIver
authors: D R
authors: DR
authors: Salomao
authors: D R
authors: DR
authors: Farley
authors: C S
authors: CS
authors: Grant
authors: G B
authors: GB
authors: Thompson
authors: D
authors: D
authors: Zimmerman
authors: I D
authors: ID
authors: Hay
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002291:Carcinoma, Papillary / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007457:Iodine Radioisotopes / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000556:secondary*; D008297:Male; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D011379:Prognosis; D013964:Thyroid Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D013965:Thyroidectomy
chemical_list: D007457:Iodine Radioisotopes