Prevalence of anemia in elderly subjects living at home: role of micronutrient deficiency and inflammation.
OBJECTIVE
Aging is associated with increased risk of developing anemia and micronutrient deficiencies. Wheat-based staple foods are iron fortified in Chile. We aimed to establish the prevalence and etiology of anemia in apparently healthy free-living elderly subjects.


METHODS
A cross-sectional study was performed in an outpatient clinic of Santiago, Chile.


METHODS
A group of 274 subjects (93 men, 181 women)>/=60 y old living at home and apparently healthy was studied. Clinical and anthropometric evaluations and dietary survey were performed. Complete blood count, and status of iron, copper, folate, vitamins B12 and A and C-reactive protein, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate were measured.


RESULTS
Prevalence of anemia was 5.4% for men and 4.4% for women. Subjects with inflammatory process had a higher prevalence of anemia (22.2% men, 31.6% women). Abnormal serum retinol (<0.35 micromol/l) was found in 13.7% of men and 15.9% of women. Prevalence of folate deficiency (<7 nmol/l) was 50.5% in men and 33.1% in women. Low serum vitamin B12 (<148 pmol/l) was present in 51.1% of men and 30. 9% of women. Iron and copper deficiencies were infrequent.


CONCLUSIONS
Anemia is not prevalent in free-living elderly subjects when iron intake is adequate. Inflammatory process is the main etiology of anemia in this age group. Vitamin A, folate and vitamin B12 deficiencies were found in a significant proportion of the study group.


BACKGROUND
Sandoz Foundation for Gerontological Research.
Olivares
M
M
Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos (INTA), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile. molivare@uec.inta.uchile.cl
Hertrampf
E
E
Capurro
M T
MT
Wegner
D
D
D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology*; D000740:Anemia / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D000886:Anthropometry; D001799:Blood Sedimentation; D002677:Chile / Q000453:epidemiology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004034:Diet Surveys; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications*; D007501:Iron / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D018977:Micronutrients / Q000172:deficiency* / Q000502:physiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence
D018977:Micronutrients; D007501:Iron