title: Effect of mouse strain and age on detection of mouse parvovirus 1 by use of serologic testing and polymerase chain reaction analysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Detection of mouse parvovirus 1 (MPV) depends on use of serologic and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays. These assays were evaluated for their ability to detect virus-specific antibodies or viral DNA in multiple strains and ages of mice inoculated with MPV.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twelve-week-old ICR, BALB/c, C3H, C57BL/6, and DBA/2 mice and four- and eight-week-old ICR mice were inoculated with MPV. Serum was harvested four weeks after inoculation and analyzed by use of recombinant non structural protein 1 (rNS1) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), minute virus of mice (MVM) ELISA, and MPV indirect fluorescent antibody (IFA), MVM IFA, and MPV hemagglutination inhibition (HAI) assays. Select tissues were harvested and analyzed by use of an MPV-specific PCR assay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The number of mice in each group with detectable MPV-specific antibodies or MPV DNA varied with mouse strain, mouse age when inoculated, and viral dose. Seroconversion in mice inoculated at 12 weeks of age was detected almost exclusively by use of the MPV IFA and MPV HAI assays, whereas seroconversion in almost all mice inoculated at 4 and 8 weeks of age was detected by use of all immunoassays except the MVM ELISA. Viral DNA was detected by use of PCR analysis in all strains and ages of mice except DBA/2 mice.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Mouse strain and age have important roles in seroconversion to nonstructural and structural MPV antigens and persistence of viral DNA in mouse tissues. Therefore, diagnostic serologic testing and PCR analysis should be considered within the context of mouse strain and age at the time of MPV exposure, especially when sentinel mice are used for surveillance.
authors: Department of University Animal Care, University of Arizona, Tucson 85721-0101, USA.
authors: D G
authors: DG
authors: Besselsen
authors: A M
authors: AM
authors: Wagner
authors: J K
authors: JK
authors: Loganbill
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood; D017931:DNA Primers / Q000737:chemistry; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification; D004587:Electrophoresis, Agar Gel / Q000662:veterinary; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay / Q000662:veterinary; D019084:Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect / Q000662:veterinary; D006385:Hemagglutination Inhibition Tests / Q000662:veterinary; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C / Q000821:virology; D008809:Mice, Inbred C3H / Q000821:virology; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL / Q000821:virology; D008811:Mice, Inbred DBA / Q000821:virology; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR / Q000821:virology; D008815:Mice, Inbred Strains / Q000821:virology*; D010322:Parvoviridae Infections / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000662:veterinary*; D017992:Parvovirus / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000662:veterinary; D012376:Rodent Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000517:prevention & control; D017361:Viral Nonstructural Proteins / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D017931:DNA Primers; D004279:DNA, Viral; C089209:NS1 protein, African horse sickness virus; D017361:Viral Nonstructural Proteins