title: Macronutrient energy intake and adiposity in non obese prepubertal children aged 5-11 y (the Fleurbaix Laventie Ville Santé Study).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate associations between adiposity indices and food intake in nonobese prepubertal free-living children.
  
  
  METHODS
  Five-hundred and one children, 280 boys and 221 girls aged 5-11 y in two little towns in northern France.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional survey.
  
  
  METHODS
  Height and weight, four skinfolds (biceps, triceps, subscapular, suprailiac), waist and hip girths, were measured. Sum of skinfolds (SSF), body mass index (BMI), and relative weight (RW) were calculated. Energy intake (EI), percentage of energy intake ascribed to carbohydrates (%EIC), complex carbohydrates (%EICC), fats (%EIF), saturated fats (%EISF) and proteins (%EIP) were assessed by a single 24 h record. Basal metabolic rate (BMRI was estimated according to Schofield's equations. Obese (RW > or = 120%), and underreporting children according to Goldberg's and Black's equations were excluded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In multiple linear regressions analyses performed with hierarchical mixed models, adiposity indices were significantly and inversely associated in girls with %EIC (all P-values < 0.02), and positively with %EIF (all P-values < 0.05, waist girth and BMI excepted). Similar but non-significant trends were observed in boys. The relationships were not linear, and thresholds close to current dietary recommendations were highlighted. When %EIF was low, a lower percentage of energy intake ascribed to %EISF was associated with thinness. These associations remained after the exclusion of children who had an EI/BMR > or = 1.50.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In nonobese prepubertal children aged 5-11 y, a high %EIC, close to dietary recommendations (> or = 55%), was associated with thinness. A high %EIF, over the upper dietary recommendation (< or = 35%), was associated with a greater adiposity thickness. There was no further increase in adiposity beyond this threshold. Reasons for the absence of a linear relationship pattern between adiposity and macronutrient intake remain to be determined.
authors: Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM, Unité 258, Villejuif, France.
authors: G
authors: G
authors: Maillard
authors: M A
authors: MA
authors: Charles
authors: L
authors: L
authors: Lafay
authors: N
authors: N
authors: Thibult
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Vray
authors: J M
authors: JM
authors: Borys
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Basdevant
authors: E
authors: E
authors: Eschwège
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Romon
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue; D001823:Body Composition; D001824:Body Constitution; D001827:Body Height; D015992:Body Mass Index; D001835:Body Weight; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004032:Diet; D015930:Diet Records; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004435:Eating; D002149:Energy Intake; D005260:Female; D005602:France; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D018673:Nutrition Policy; D009749:Nutrition Surveys; D012885:Skinfold Thickness
chemical_list: D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D004041:Dietary Fats; D004044:Dietary Proteins