title: Germline BRCA1/2 mutations and p27(Kip1) protein levels independently predict outcome after breast cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Decreased levels of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p27(Kip1) in breast cancer are associated with a poor outcome. The prognostic significance of BRCA1/2 mutations is less clear, and the relationship between BRCA1/2 mutation status, p27(Kip1) protein levels, and outcome has not been studied.
  
  
  METHODS
  Pathology blocks from 202 consecutive Ashkenazi Jewish women with primary invasive breast cancer were studied. Tumor DNA was tested for the three common BRCA1/2 founder mutations present in Ashkenazi Jews, and p27(Kip1) expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry. The median follow-up was 6.4 years.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirty-two tumors (16%) were positive for a BRCA1/2 mutation. Low p27(Kip1) expression was seen in 110 tumors (63%) and was significantly associated with BRCA1/2 mutations (odds ratio, 4.0; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.4 to 11.1; P =.009). BRCA1/2 mutation carriers had a significantly worse 5-year distant disease-free survival (DDFS) compared with women without BRCA1/2 mutations (58% v 82%; P =.003). Similar results were seen for women whose tumors expressed low levels of p27(Kip1), compared with those with high levels (5-year DDFS, 68% v 93%; P<.0001). In a multivariate analysis, both BRCA1/2 mutation and low p27(Kip1) expression were associated with a shorter DDFS (relative risk [RR], 2.1; 95% CI, 1.0 to 4.3; P =.05; and RR, 3.9; 95% CI, 1.4 to 11.1; P =.01, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this study, we showed that BRCA1/2 mutations were associated with low levels of p27(Kip1) in breast cancer. Both BRCA1/2 and p27(Kip1) status were identified as independent prognostic factors.
authors: Department of Medicine, Sir M.B. Davis-Jewish General Hospital, McGill University Health Centre Research Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
authors: P O
authors: PO
authors: Chappuis
authors: L
authors: L
authors: Kapusta
authors: L R
authors: LR
authors: Bégin
authors: N
authors: N
authors: Wong
authors: J S
authors: JS
authors: Brunet
authors: S A
authors: SA
authors: Narod
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Slingerland
authors: W D
authors: WD
authors: Foulkes
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D024682:BRCA2 Protein; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D015331:Cohort Studies; D050760:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p27; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D019398:Genes, BRCA1 / Q000235:genetics*; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D018095:Germ-Line Mutation; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007585:Jews / Q000235:genetics*; D008869:Microtubule-Associated Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015996:Survival Rate; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics*; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins
chemical_list: D024682:BRCA2 Protein; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D008869:Microtubule-Associated Proteins; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins; D050760:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p27