title: Breech deformation complex in neonates.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To demonstrate the association of minor anomalies and breech-presenting newborns with breech deformation complex.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 3,345 newborns with singleton, term delivery were examined based on a list of 67 items of major and minor anomalies. All infants were divided into two groups: group 1, vertex presentation (3,107 infants); group 2, breech presentation (224 infants). The prevalence of anomalies between both groups was compared.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were 1,495 (44.9%) infants with one or more minor anomalies, which included 1,313 infants (42.3%) in group 1 and 182 (81.3%) in group 2 (P < .005). The prevalence of anomalies in groups 1 and 2 were: frontal bossing (1.8% vs. 51%), prominent occiput (0.8% vs. 42%), upward slant (11.6% vs. 23.7%) and low-set ears (0.3% vs. 20.5%). Torticollis (0.3% vs. 1.78%) and congenital dislocation of the hip (CDH) (0.06% vs. 0.9%) (all P < .005) were related to breech presentation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Breech-presenting newborns had a higher risk of combining breech deformation complex, torticollis and CDH. The criteria for breech deformation complex included frontal bossing, prominent occiput, upward slant and low-set ears. The prevalence of breech deformation complex, torticollis and CDH was not related to the delivery method.
authors: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, of Pediatrics and Medical Genetics, China Medical College Hospital, No. 2 Yuh-Der Road, Taichung, Taiwan.
authors: Y Y
authors: YY
authors: Hsieh
authors: F J
authors: FJ
authors: Tsai
authors: C C
authors: CC
authors: Lin
authors: F C
authors: FC
authors: Chang
authors: C H
authors: CH
authors: Tsai
mesh_terms: D000015:Abnormalities, Multiple / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D000046:Academic Medical Centers; D001946:Breech Presentation; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D036861:Delivery, Obstetric / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006257:Head / Q000002:abnormalities*; D006618:Hip Dislocation, Congenital / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D011247:Pregnancy; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D014103:Torticollis / Q000151:congenital* / Q000453:epidemiology