title: A comparison of T-wave alternans, signal averaged electrocardiography and programmed ventricular stimulation for arrhythmia risk stratification.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The goal of this study was to compare T-wave alternans (TWA), signal-averaged electrocardiography (SAECG) and programmed ventricular stimulation (EPS) for arrhythmia risk stratification in patients undergoing electrophysiology study.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Accurate identification of patients at increased risk for sustained ventricular arrhythmias is critical to prevent sudden cardiac death. T-wave alternans is a heart rate dependent measure of repolarization that correlates with arrhythmia vulnerability in animal and human studies. Signal-averaged electrocardiography and EPS are more established tests used for risk stratification.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a prospective, multicenter trial of 313 patients in sinus rhythm who were undergoing electrophysiologic study. T-wave alternans, assessed with bicycle ergometry, and SAECG were measured before EPS. The primary end point was sudden cardiac death, sustained ventricular tachycardia, ventricular fibrillation or appropriate implantable defibrillator (ICD) therapy, and the secondary end point was any of these arrhythmias or all-cause mortality.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Kaplan-Meier survival analysis of the primary end point showed that TWA predicted events with a relative risk of 10.9, EPS had a relative risk of 7.1 and SAECG had a relative risk of 4.5. The relative risks for the secondary end point were 13.9, 4.7 and 3.3, respectively (p < 0.05). Multivariate analysis of 11 clinical parameters identified only TWA and EPS as independent predictors of events. In the prespecified subgroup with known or suspected ventricular arrhythmias, TWA predicted primary end points with a relative risk of 6.1 and secondary end points with a relative risk of 8.0.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  T-wave alternans is a strong independent predictor of spontaneous ventricular arrhythmias or death. It performed as well as programmed stimulation and better than SAECG in risk stratifying patients for life-threatening arrhythmias.
authors: Department of Medicine, University of Maryland Medical System, Baltimore 21201, USA. MGold@medicine.umaryland.edu
authors: M R
authors: MR
authors: Gold
authors: D M
authors: DM
authors: Bloomfield
authors: K P
authors: KP
authors: Anderson
authors: N E
authors: NE
authors: El-Sherif
authors: D J
authors: DJ
authors: Wilber
authors: W J
authors: WJ
authors: Groh
authors: N A
authors: NA
authors: Estes
authors: E S
authors: ES
authors: Kaufman
authors: M L
authors: ML
authors: Greenberg
authors: D S
authors: DS
authors: Rosenbaum
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001145:Arrhythmias, Cardiac / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000401:mortality / Q000503:physiopathology; D016757:Death, Sudden, Cardiac; D004562:Electrocardiography / Q000379:methods*; D022062:Electrophysiologic Techniques, Cardiac; D005080:Exercise Test; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011446:Prospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012815:Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted; D016019:Survival Analysis; D017180:Tachycardia, Ventricular / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology