title: Antibodies against advanced glycation end product Nepsilon-(carboxymethyl)lysine in healthy controls and diabetic patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Nepsilon-(carboxymethyl)lysine (CML) is one of the end products of protein glycoxidation and its accumulation is associated with diabetes complications. Since CML-modified proteins are immunogenic, we have investigated the presence of anti-CML antibodies in diabetic patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Antibodies against CML-modified human serum albumin (HSA) were measured by direct enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in the sera from 289 non-selected diabetic and in 120 healthy control subjects.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Immunoglobulin-G reactivity towards CML-HSA was significantly higher in diabetic than in control sera. The presence of anti-CML IgG in diabetics, however, was not influenced by age, duration of disease or glycaemic control. Analysis of distribution frequency revealed that anti-CML IgG in both control and diabetic subjects were not normally distributed and that the distribution curves were similar in the two groups. Moreover, only 14% of the diabetic subjects displayed antibody binding to CML-HSA above 95 centile in the control cohort. Competition experiments confirmed that the IgG detected in both control and diabetic groups were specific for CML epitopes and did not recognise glycated-HSA in which CML formation was inhibited.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The presence of anti-CML IgG in diabetic sera is probably not related to the development of an immune response against protein glycoxidation products.
authors: Dept of Medical Sciences, University Amedeo Avogadro of East Piedmont, Novara, Italy.
authors: D
authors: D
authors: Vay
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Vidali
authors: G
authors: G
authors: Allochis
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Cusaro
authors: R
authors: R
authors: Rolla
authors: E
authors: E
authors: Mottaran
authors: G
authors: G
authors: Bellomo
authors: E
authors: E
authors: Albano
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001323:Autoantibodies / Q000097:blood*; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000276:immunology*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000276:immunology*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D017127:Glycation End Products, Advanced / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology; D008239:Lysine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000276:immunology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012709:Serum Albumin / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D001323:Autoantibodies; D017127:Glycation End Products, Advanced; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D012709:Serum Albumin; C048496:N(6)-carboxymethyllysine; D008239:Lysine