Glucagon-like peptide-1: a major regulator of pancreatic beta-cell function.
Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is a gut hormone synthesized by post-translational processing in intestinal L-cells, and it is released in response to food ingestion. GLP-1 stimulates insulin secretion during hyperglycemia, suppresses glucagon secretion, stimulates (pro)-insulin biosynthesis and decreases the rate of gastric emptying and acid secretion. GLP-1 has also been shown to have a pro-satiety effect. In addition, it has been demonstrated that a long-term infusion with GLP-1, or exendin-4, a long-acting analog of human GLP-1, increases beta-cell mass in rats. In conclusion, GLP-1 appears to regulate plasma glucose levels via various and independent mechanisms. GLP-1 is an excellent candidate option for the treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Perfetti
R
R
Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90048, USA. perfettir@cshs.org
Merkel
P
P
D000818:Animals; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000502:physiology; D005934:Glucagon / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D006943:Hyperglycemia / Q000503:physiopathology; D007328:Insulin / Q000378:metabolism; D000078790:Insulin Secretion; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D007515:Islets of Langerhans / Q000502:physiology* / Q000503:physiopathology
D007328:Insulin; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I; D005934:Glucagon