Short-term effects of yoghurt containing a novel fat emulsion on energy and macronutrient intakes in non-obese subjects.
BACKGROUND
The satiating properties of fat remain poorly understood, particularly with reference to its physicochemical characteristics.


OBJECTIVE
To investigate the short-term effects of consumption of yoghurt containing either a novel fat emulsion or normal milk fat, on the energy and macronutrient intakes of non-obese subjects.


METHODS
Two double-blind, placebo-controlled, within-subject crossover studies were conducted three months apart. Twenty-nine (15 F, 14 M) and thirty (16 F, 14 M) subjects participated in Study 1 and Study 2 respectively. In each study, subjects were given in random order, 7 days apart, either a 200g portion of a test (5g of a novel fat emulsion + 1 g milk fat) or control (6g milk fat) yoghurt at 1300 h. At 4h post-consumption subjects were given ad libitum access to a range of foods. Amounts of food consumed by individuals were determined by pre- and post-covert weighing of individual serving dishes.


RESULTS
Mean energy intakes were significantly lower after the test yoghurt compared with the control yoghurt in Study 1 (6.4 vs 7.6 MJ; P< 0.001), Study 2 (6.9 vs 7.9 MJ; P<0.001), and for both studies combined (6.7 vs 7.7 MJ; P<0.001). The corresponding fat intakes in Study 1, Study 2 and in the combined studies were all significantly reduced (P< 0.001). Protein and carbohydrate intakes were also significantly reduced in Study 1 (P< 0.05), Study 2 (P< 0.01), and for the combined studies (P< 0.001).


CONCLUSIONS
These results suggest that the physicochemical characteristics of small amounts of dietary fat affect short-term satiety.
Burns
A A
AA
Northern Ireland Centre for Diet and Health, University of Ulster, Coleraine, Co Londonderry, Northern Ireland.
Livingstone
M B
MB
Welch
R W
RW
Dunne
A
A
Robson
P J
PJ
Lindmark
L
L
Reid
C A
CA
Mullaney
U
U
Rowland
I R
IR
D000328:Adult; D001066:Appetite / Q000502:physiology*; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004655:Emulsions; D002149:Energy Intake; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012528:Satiety Response / Q000502:physiology*; D013997:Time Factors; D015014:Yogurt / Q000032:analysis
D004041:Dietary Fats; D004655:Emulsions