title: Differences in personal models among Latinos and European Americans: implications for clinical care.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe and contrast the personal models of type 2 diabetes in European Americans (EAs) and Latinos and to highlight differences that require a reorientation of clinical care.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 116 EAs and 76 Latino individuals with type 2 diabetes were interviewed about their personal model of diabetes. Responses to open-ended questions about the perceived cause, nature, seriousness, course, and future course of diabetes and its impact on everyday life were analyzed using an iterative process, and categories of response were established. Responses were examined within ethnic group, and comparisons across ethnic groups were made for clinically significant differences.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Disease descriptions about the nature of the disease were categorized as experiential, biomedical, or psychosocial. Disease descriptions varied significantly by ethnicity (chi2 = 35.92, 2 df, P < 0.001), with more Latinos using an experiential model and more EAs using a biomedical model. Significant differences in life changes caused by the disease were found, with EAs reporting changes in exercise and spontaneity and Latinos in fatigue and mood. Individuals with diabetes from both ethnic groups gave comparable assessments about the cause, seriousness, and effectiveness of treatments for the disease.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Clinical practice that attends to the concerns and experiences of individuals with diabetes from diverse ethnic groups is warranted. Broad assessment of personal models in diverse ethnic groups is recommended.
authors: Department of Family Health Care Nursing, University of California, San Francisco 94143-0606, USA.
authors: C A
authors: CA
authors: Chesla
authors: M M
authors: MM
authors: Skaff
authors: R J
authors: RJ
authors: Bartz
authors: J T
authors: JT
authors: Mullan
authors: L
authors: L
authors: Fisher
mesh_terms: D000339:Affect; D003469:Culture; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D004032:Diet; D005006:Ethnicity; D005060:Europe / Q000208:ethnology; D015444:Exercise; D005195:Family Relations; D005221:Fatigue; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006630:Hispanic or Latino; D006801:Humans; D008019:Life Style; D008954:Models, Biological; D010465:Perception