title: Morphine-3-D glucuronide stability in postmortem specimens exposed to bacterial enzymatic hydrolysis.
abstract: Medical examiners frequently rely on the finding of free morphine present in postmortem specimens to assist in certifying deaths associated with narcotics. In vitro hydrolysis of morphine-3-D glucuronide (M3DG) to free morphine was studied using variable specimen pH, initial degree of specimen putrefaction, storage temperature and time, and the effectiveness of sodium fluoride (NaF) preservation. Reagent M3DG was added to opiate-free fresh blood and urine and to autopsy-derived blood specimens. Reagent bovine glucuronidase was also added to certain specimens. Freshly collected and refrigerated NaF-preserved blood produced minimal free morphine, whereas four of five autopsy blood specimens produced free morphine from M3DG. Increased storage time, temperature, and initial degree of putrefaction resulted in greater free morphine generation despite the absence of viable bacteria. Hydrolysis occurring during specimen storage can generate free morphine from M3DG and may result in erroneous conclusions in certifying narcotic deaths.
authors: Palm Beach County Sheriff's Office Crime Laboratory, West Palm Beach, Florida, USA.
authors: F T
authors: FT
authors: Carroll
authors: J V
authors: JV
authors: Marraccini
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Lewis
authors: W
authors: W
authors: Wright
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000368:Aged; D000818:Animals; D001419:Bacteria / Q000201:enzymology*; D002417:Cattle; D005260:Female; D005554:Forensic Medicine; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D005966:Glucuronidase / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D006868:Hydrolysis; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007202:Indicators and Reagents; D007422:Intestines / Q000382:microbiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009020:Morphine / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D009022:Morphine Derivatives / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D011180:Postmortem Changes; D011310:Preservatives, Pharmaceutical / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012969:Sodium Fluoride / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013048:Specimen Handling / Q000379:methods; D013696:Temperature; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D007202:Indicators and Reagents; D009022:Morphine Derivatives; D011310:Preservatives, Pharmaceutical; D009020:Morphine; D012969:Sodium Fluoride; D005966:Glucuronidase; C018108:morphine-3-glucuronide