title: Determination of the designer drugs 3, 4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine, 3,4-methylenedioxyethylamphetamine, and 3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine with HPLC and fluorescence detection in whole blood, serum, vitreous humor, and urine.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The popular designer drugs 3, 4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) and 3, 4-methylenedioxyethylamphetamine (MDEA) can be determined in serum, whole blood, and urine, but also in vitreous humor. The latter matrix is interesting when dealing with decomposed bodies in a toxicological setting.
  
  
  METHODS
  After extraction, chromatographic separation was achieved on a narrow-bore C(18) column by gradient elution with fluorometric detection; results were confirmed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The method was linear over the range of 2-1000 microg/L for whole blood, serum, and vitreous humor, and 0.1-5 mg/L for urine. Extraction recoveries were >70%, imprecision (CV) was 2.5-19%, and analytical recoveries were 95.5-104.4%. The limit of detection (LOD) and the limit of quantification (LOQ) were 0.8 and 2 microg/L, respectively, for whole blood, serum, and vitreous humor, and 2.5 microg/L and 0.1 mg/L, respectively, for urine. Excellent correlations between the quantitative LC-fluorescence and LC-MS/MS results were obtained. We found the following concentrations in a thanatochemical distribution study in rabbits: in serum, 5.3-685 microg/L for MDMA and from the LOQ to 14.5 microg/L for 3, 4-methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA); in whole blood, 19.7-710 microg/L for MDMA and from the LOQ to 17.8 microg/L for MDA; in vitreous humor, 12.1-97.8 microg/L for MDMA and from the LOQ to 3.86 microg/L for MDA. In routine toxicological urine samples, concentrations ranged from LOQ to 14.62 mg/L for MDA, from LOQ to 157 mg/L for MDMA, and from LOQ to 32.54 mg/L for MDEA.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The HPLC method described is sensitive, specific, and suitable for the determination of MDMA, MDEA, and MDA in whole blood, serum, vitreous humor, and urine.
authors: Laboratory of Toxicology and Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Ghent University, Harelbekestraat 72, B-9000 Gent, Belgium.
authors: K M
authors: KM
authors: Clauwaert
authors: J F
authors: JF
authors: Van Bocxlaer
authors: E A
authors: EA
authors: De Letter
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Van Calenbergh
authors: W E
authors: WE
authors: Lambert
authors: A P
authors: AP
authors: De Leenheer
mesh_terms: D015104:3,4-Methylenedioxyamphetamine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000032:analysis* / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D000818:Animals; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D015198:Designer Drugs / Q000032:analysis*; D006801:Humans; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D018817:N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine / Q000032:analysis* / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D011817:Rabbits; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013050:Spectrometry, Fluorescence; D015813:Substance Abuse Detection / Q000379:methods*; D014822:Vitreous Body / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D015198:Designer Drugs; D015104:3,4-Methylenedioxyamphetamine; D018817:N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine; C051800:3,4-methylenedioxyethamphetamine