Dietary conjugated linoleic acid consumption during pregnancy and lactation influences growth and tissue composition in weaned pigs.
We evaluated the effects of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) on growth performance, tissue fatty acid composition and ex vivo lipogenic enzyme activity in piglets (n = 40) reared on sows fed diets supplemented with CLA or linoleic acid (LA). Weaned offspring of both sow groups were offered either a CLA- or LA-enriched starter diet for 35 d. The starter diets were formulated to contain 2 g CLA (containing 58.9 g CLA/100 g total fatty acids) or LA per 100 g feed. All piglets were slaughtered at 70 d of age and tissue samples of the back fat, omental fat and longissimus dorsi were collected. Irrespective of the dietary fat supplied in the starter period, piglets reared on the CLA sows had greater final body and warm carcass weights (P: < 0.01), and greater feed intake (P: = 0.02) than piglets reared on the LA sows. The dietary effect on the fatty acid composition was similar for the adipose and muscle tissues. Compared with the LA-enriched diets, CLA increased the level of total saturated fatty acids (P: < 0.05), whereas that of monounsaturated fatty acids was decreased (P: < 0.05). Dietary CLA increased glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (P: < 0.01) and malic enzyme activities (P: < 0.06) in the fat tissues, but did not affect fatty acid synthase activity. The shift toward a higher deposition of saturated fatty acids and a lower deposition of monounsaturated fatty acids is the result of down-regulation of Delta9-desaturase activity that was induced by CLA rather than an altered rate of de novo synthesis.
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Swiss Federal Station for Animal Production, Posieux, 1725 Switzerland.
D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000737:chemistry*; D000821:Animal Feed; D000818:Animals; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015536:Down-Regulation; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000378:metabolism; D005229:Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D005954:Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase / Q000187:drug effects; D007774:Lactation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D019787:Linoleic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008291:Malate Dehydrogenase / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D011247:Pregnancy; D013230:Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase / Q000378:metabolism; D013552:Swine / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism; D014886:Weaning
D004041:Dietary Fats; D005227:Fatty Acids; D005229:Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated; D019787:Linoleic Acid; D008291:Malate Dehydrogenase; D005954:Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase; D013230:Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase