title: Intensity-modulated whole pelvic radiation therapy in patients with gynecologic malignancies.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the ability of intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) to reduce the volume of small bowel irradiated in women with gynecologic malignancies receiving whole pelvic radiotherapy (WPRT).
  
  
  METHODS
  Ten women with cervical (5) or endometrial (5) cancer undergoing WPRT were selected for this analysis. A planning CT scan of each patient was obtained following administration of oral, i.v., and rectal contrast. The clinical target volume (CTV) was defined as the proximal vagina, parametrial tissues, uterus (if present), and regional lymph nodes. The CTV was expanded uniformly by 1 cm in all directions to produce a planning target volume (PTV). The bladder, rectum, and small bowel were also delineated in each patient. Two plans were created: a standard "4-field box" with apertures shaped to the PTV in each beam's eye view and an IM-WPRT plan designed to conform to the PTV while minimizing the volume of normal tissues irradiated. Both plans were normalized to deliver 45 Gy to the PTV. Isodose distributions and dose-volume histograms (DVH) were compared.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The IM-WPRT plan reduced the volume of small bowel irradiated in all 10 patients at doses above 30 Gy. At the prescription dose, the average volume of small bowel irradiated was reduced by a factor of two (17.4 vs. 33.8%, p = 0.0005). In addition, the average volume of rectum and bladder irradiated at the prescription dose was reduced by 23% in both cases (p = 0.0002 and p = 0.0005, respectively). The average PTV doses delivered by the conventional and IM-WPRT plans were 47.8 Gy and 47.4 Gy, respectively. Corresponding maximum doses were 50.0 Gy and 54.8 Gy, respectively. However, on average, only 3.2% of the PTV received greater than 50.0 Gy in the IM-WPRT plans.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results suggest that IM-WPRT is an effective means of reducing the volume of small bowel irradiated in women with gynecologic malignancies receiving WPRT. This approach potentially offers a method for reducing small bowel complications in patients with gynecologic malignancies.
authors: Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA. roeske@rover.bsd.uchicago.edu
authors: J C
authors: JC
authors: Roeske
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Lujan
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Rotmensch
authors: S E
authors: SE
authors: Waggoner
authors: D
authors: D
authors: Yamada
authors: A J
authors: AJ
authors: Mundt
mesh_terms: D016889:Endometrial Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007421:Intestine, Small; D010388:Pelvis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011835:Radiation Protection; D011879:Radiotherapy Dosage; D011880:Radiotherapy Planning, Computer-Assisted; D020266:Radiotherapy, Conformal / Q000379:methods*; D012007:Rectum; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D001743:Urinary Bladder; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000532:radiotherapy*