title: Modelling inactivation of Escherichia coli by low pH: application to passage through the stomach of young and elderly people.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To estimate the survival of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli after passage through the stomach of young and elderly people.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Using enterohaemorrhagic E. coli O157 and a non-pathogenic laboratory strain, inactivation in a pH range between 1.5 and 4.0 was experimentally quantified. Gastric pH and transport have previously been studied in human volunteers following consumption of a solid meal. Combining all these findings, time series of surviving bacteria were mathematically predicted and subsequently, the predictions were validated with in vitro experiments using a pH-controlled fermentor. On average, 20-80% of ingested E. coli are estimated to arrive in the small intestine without inactivation by low pH. The mean overall gastric passage was similar for young and elderly subjects.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The tested E. coli strains can survive the human stomach with a high probability.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Survival of E. coli under conditions of changing pH in the stomach may be predicted by batch experiments at constant pH. The effectiveness of the gastric acid barrier strongly depends on buffering effects of food.
authors: National Institute of Public Health and the Environment, The Netherlands. katsuhisa.Takumi@rivm.nl
authors: K
authors: K
authors: Takumi
authors: R
authors: R
authors: de Jonge
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Havelaar
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000375:Aging; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000502:physiology*; D019453:Escherichia coli O157 / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D005285:Fermentation; D005772:Gastrointestinal Transit; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008297:Male; D008954:Models, Biological; D013270:Stomach / Q000382:microbiology*