title: An evaluation of preoperative ibuprofen for treatment of pain associated with orthodontic separator placement.
abstract: Patients undergoing orthodontic treatment can experience significant levels of pain. This study assessed the effectiveness of preoperative ibuprofen in reducing the incidence and the severity of pain after orthodontic separator placement. Sixty-three adolescent patients (mean age, 13 years) were included in this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, prospective study. Patients were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 experimental conditions: (1) 400 mg of ibuprofen taken orally 1 hour before separator placement and a lactose placebo taken orally immediately after the appointment, (2) a lactose placebo taken orally 1 hour before separator placement and 400 mg of ibuprofen taken orally immediately after the appointment, or (3) a lactose placebo taken orally 1 hour before separator placement and again immediately after the appointment. The patient's level of discomfort was assessed with a visual analog scale at 2, 6, and 24 hours, as well as at 2, 3, and 7 days after placement of the orthodontic separators. An analysis of variance and Duncan's multiple range test revealed that 2 hours after their orthodontic appointment the patients who had taken ibuprofen 1 hour before separator placement had significantly less pain with chewing than did the patients who received either ibuprofen postoperatively or a placebo. Additional measures suggest a trend for less pain for this group of patients. These results support the use of pretreatment ibuprofen for patients requiring analgesics for orthodontic discomfort. Future study of the use of preemptive analgesics in orthodontics is warranted.
authors: Department of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.
authors: S L
authors: SL
authors: Steen Law
authors: K A
authors: KA
authors: Southard
authors: A S
authors: AS
authors: Law
authors: H L
authors: HL
authors: Logan
authors: J R
authors: JR
authors: Jakobsen
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005157:Facial Pain / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007052:Ibuprofen / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008297:Male; D008409:Mastication; D009971:Orthodontics, Corrective / Q000009:adverse effects*; D010147:Pain Measurement; D011300:Preoperative Care; D011446:Prospective Studies; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D007052:Ibuprofen