title: Renal follow up of premature infants with and without perinatal indomethacin exposure.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate early childhood renal growth, structure, and function in children born at less than 33 weeks gestation and to investigate possible independent effects of perinatal indomethacin exposure.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 66 children born at less than 33 weeks gestation, 31 of them with perinatal indomethacin exposure (study group) and 35 without (control group), were examined at 2-4 years of age. Serum cystatin C and protein; plasma creatinine, sodium, and potassium; urine protein, calcium:creatinine ratios, and alpha(1) microglobulin; and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) were determined. Renal sonography examinations were performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean serum cystatin C concentrations were slightly higher in the control group than in the study group. Mean values of serum protein, and plasma creatinine and sodium did not differ between the groups, neither did median plasma potassium concentrations and urine protein:creatinine and calcium:creatinine ratios. None had tubular proteinuria. Abnormal GFR (<89 ml/min/1.73 m(2)) was found in one case in each group and renal structural abnormalities in five in each group. In logistic regression analysis the duration of umbilical artery catheter (UAC) use and furosemide treatment emerged as the significant independent risk factors for renal structural abnormalities. Furosemide treatment and assisted ventilation remained the risk factors associated with renal abnormalities in general-that is, functional and/or structural abnormal findings.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Perinatal indomethacin does not seem to affect long term renal growth, structure, or function in children born at less than 33 weeks gestation. Duration of UAC use, furosemide treatment, and assisted ventilation may be correlated with later renal structural and functional abnormalities.
authors: Department of Paediatrics, Tampere University Hospital, PO Box 2000, FIN 33521, Tampere, Finland. riitta.l.ojala@uta.fi
authors: R
authors: R
authors: Ojala
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Ala-Houhala
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Ahonen
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Harmoinen
authors: V
authors: V
authors: Turjanmaa
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Ikonen
authors: O
authors: O
authors: Tammela
mesh_terms: D001798:Blood Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D002118:Calcium / Q000652:urine; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015891:Cystatins / Q000097:blood; D004232:Diuretics / Q000009:adverse effects; D005665:Furosemide / Q000009:adverse effects; D005916:Globulins / Q000652:urine; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate; D006801:Humans; D007213:Indomethacin / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature; D007668:Kidney / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000502:physiology; D011188:Potassium / Q000097:blood; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012121:Respiration, Artificial / Q000009:adverse effects; D012307:Risk Factors; D012964:Sodium / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D001798:Blood Proteins; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors; D015891:Cystatins; D004232:Diuretics; D005916:Globulins; D005665:Furosemide; D012964:Sodium; D003404:Creatinine; D011188:Potassium; D002118:Calcium; D007213:Indomethacin