title: Severe schistosomiasis in the absence of interleukin-4 (IL-4) is IL-12 independent.
abstract: An interleukin-4 (IL-4)-dependent Th2 response allows wild-type mice to survive infection with the parasite Schistosoma mansoni. In the absence of IL-4, infected mice mount a Th1-like proinflammatory response, develop severe disease, and succumb. Neither the Th1 response nor morbidity is IL-12 dependent in this system.
authors: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA.
authors: E A
authors: EA
authors: Patton
authors: L R
authors: LR
authors: Brunet
authors: A C
authors: AC
authors: La Flamme
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Pedras-Vasconcelos
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Kopf
authors: E J
authors: EJ
authors: Pearce
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000502:physiology; D018664:Interleukin-12 / Q000502:physiology*; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000502:physiology*; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000502:physiology; D012555:Schistosomiasis mansoni / Q000276:immunology*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D018664:Interleukin-12; D015847:Interleukin-4; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D007371:Interferon-gamma