title: Potential role of eNOS in the therapeutic control of myocardial oxygen consumption by ACE inhibitors and amlodipine.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Our aim was to investigate the potential therapeutic role of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) in the modulation of cardiac O(2) consumption induced by the angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor ramiprilat and amlodipine.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three different groups of mice were used; wild type, wild type in the presence of N-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME, 10(-4) mol/l) or genetically altered mice lacking the eNOS gene (eNOS -/-). Myocardial O(2) consumption was measured using a Clark-type O(2) electrode in an air-tight stirred bath. Concentration-response curves to ramiprilat (RAM), amlodipine (AMLO), diltiazem (DIL), carbachol (CCL), substance P (SP) and S-nitroso-N-acetyl-penicillamine (SNAP) were performed. The rate of decrease in O(2) concentration was expressed as a percentage of the baseline.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Baseline O(2) consumption was not different between the three groups of mice. In tissues from wild type mice, RAM (10(-5) mol/l), AMLO (10(-5) mol/l), DIL (10(-4) mol/l), CCL (10(-4) mol/l), SP (10(-7) mol/l) and SNAP (10(-4) mol/l) reduced myocardial O(2) consumption by -32+/-4, -27+/-10, -20+/-6, -25+/-2, -22+/-4 and -42+/-4%, respectively. The responses to RAM, AMLO, CCL and SP were absent in tissues taken from eNOS -/- mice (-7.1+/-4.3, -5.0+/-6.0, -5.2+/-5.1 and -0.4+/-0.2%, respectively). In addition, L-NAME significantly (P<0.05) inhibited the reduction in O(2) consumption induced by RAM (-9.8+/-4.4%), AMLO (-1.0+/-6.0%), CCL (-8.8+/-3.7%) and SP (-6.6+/-4.9%) in cardiac tissues from wild type mice. In contrast, NO-independent responses to the calcium channel antagonist, DIL, and responses to the NO donor, SNAP, were not affected in cardiac tissues taken from eNOS -/- (DIL: -20+/-4%; SNAP: -46+/-6%) or L-NAME-treated (DIL: -17+/-2%; SNAP: -33+/-5%) mice.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that endogenous endothelial NO synthase derived NO serves an important role in the regulation of myocardial O(2) consumption. This action may contribute to the therapeutic action of ACE inhibitors and amlodipine.
authors: Department of Physiology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA.
authors: K E
authors: KE
authors: Loke
authors: E J
authors: EJ
authors: Messina
authors: E G
authors: EG
authors: Shesely
authors: G
authors: G
authors: Kaley
authors: T H
authors: TH
authors: Hintze
mesh_terms: D017311:Amlodipine / Q000494:pharmacology; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002217:Carbachol / Q000494:pharmacology; D002316:Cardiotonic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D046508:Culture Techniques; D004110:Diltiazem / Q000494:pharmacology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism*; D020030:Nitric Oxide Donors / Q000494:pharmacology; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000502:physiology*; D010101:Oxygen Consumption / Q000187:drug effects*; D017257:Ramipril / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D026423:S-Nitroso-N-Acetylpenicillamine / Q000494:pharmacology; D013373:Substance P / Q000494:pharmacology; D014665:Vasodilator Agents / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers; D002316:Cardiotonic Agents; D020030:Nitric Oxide Donors; D014665:Vasodilator Agents; D017311:Amlodipine; D013373:Substance P; C052549:ramiprilat; D026423:S-Nitroso-N-Acetylpenicillamine; D002217:Carbachol; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D004110:Diltiazem; D017257:Ramipril