Association of depression and gender with mortality in old age. Results from the Amsterdam Study of the Elderly (AMSTEL).
BACKGROUND
The association between depression and increased mortality risk in older persons may depend on the severity of the depressive disorder and gender.


OBJECTIVE
To investigate the association between major and mild depressive syndromes and excess mortality in community-living elderly men and women.


METHODS
Depression (Geriatric Mental State AGECAT) was assessed in 4051 older persons, with a 6-year follow-up of community death registers. The mortality risk of neurotic and psychotic depression was calculated after adjustment for demographic variables, physical illness, cognitive decline and functional disabilities.


RESULTS
A total of 75% of men and 41% of women with psychotic depression had diet at follow-up. Psychotic depression was associated with significant excess mortality in both men and women. Neurotic depression was associated with a 1.67-fold higher mortality risk in men only.


CONCLUSIONS
In the elderly, major depressive syndromes increase the risk of death in both men and women, but mild depression increases the risk of death only in men.
Schoevers
R A
RA
Department of Psychiatry, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Valeriusplein 9, 1075 BG Amsterdam, The Netherlands. RA.Schoevers.emgo@med.vu.nl
Geerlings
M I
MI
Beekman
A T
AT
Penninx
B W
BW
Deeg
D J
DJ
Jonker
C
C
Van Tilburg
W
W
D000341:Affective Disorders, Psychotic / Q000401:mortality*; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003863:Depression / Q000401:mortality*; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000401:mortality*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D015577:Geriatric Assessment; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009426:Netherlands / Q000453:epidemiology; D012111:Residence Characteristics; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors