title: Preparation and evaluation of w/o/w type emulsions containing vancomycin.
abstract: The objective of this contribution is to summarize the preparation and application of water-in-oil-in-water type multiple emulsions (w/o/w emulsions) entrapping vancomycin (VCM). Formulations of the emulsions (the composition of an oily phase or the type and concentrations of surfactants) and emulsification methods (a stirring method and a membrane method) or conditions (rotation rates, pore sizes of membrane or operation pressures) were evaluated in order to prepare stable w/o/w emulsions. The pharmaceutical properties of the w/o/w emulsions - particle sizes, viscosity, phase separation and drug entrapment efficiency were measured and evaluated. We prepared stable w/o/w emulsions with a particle size of about 3 micrometer and an entrapment efficiency of VCM of about 70%. When this emulsion was administered intravenously to rats, plasma concentrations of VCM were prolonged compared to the VCM solution alone. The results of this study show the potential of the w/o/w emulsions for several clinical applications as one of the drug delivery systems.
authors: Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Clinical Pharmacy, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, 862-0973, Kumamoto, Japan.
authors: H
authors: H
authors: Okochi
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Nakano
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004355:Drug Stability; D004655:Emulsions; D006801:Humans; D007273:Injections, Intramuscular; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D051381:Rats; D012995:Solubility; D014640:Vancomycin / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics
chemical_list: D004655:Emulsions; D014640:Vancomycin