Genetic polymorphism and cancer risk.
Inter-individual variability in carcinogen metabolism has been attributed in part to the polymorphic expression of several phase I and II detoxification enzymes. The role of these genetic polymorphisms in cancer susceptibility has been most extensively evaluated for isozymes of cytochrome P450 (CYP1A1, CYP2D6, and CYP2E1), N-acetyltransferase (NAT1 and NAT2), glutathione S-transferase (GSTM1, GSTT1, and GSTP1), microsomal epoxide hydrolase, and NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase. Our understanding of the genetic basis of cancer risk has been enhanced most recently by establishment of genotype-phenotype correlations in humans and identification of numerous diverse factors, both genetic and environmental, that can modify risk.
Clapper
M L
ML
Fox Chase Cancer Center, 7701 Burholme Avenue, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA. ml_clapper@fccc.edu
D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease / Q000453:epidemiology; D005820:Genetic Testing; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics*; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity