title: Use of acetazolamide to decrease cerebrospinal fluid production in chronically ventilated patients with ventriculopleural shunts.
abstract: Acetazolamide (ACTZ), a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, has been shown to decrease cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) production in both in vivo and in vitro animal models. We report two children with hydrocephalus who experienced multiple shunt failures, and who had externalised ventriculostomy drains (EVD) prior to ventriculopleural shunt placement. The effects of increasing doses of ACTZ on CSF production and subsequent tolerance to ventriculopleural shunts were evaluated. The patients had a 48% and a 39% decrease in their EVD CSF output when compared to baseline with maximum ACTZ dose of 75 mg/kg/day and 50 mg/kg/day, respectively (p < 0.05). This is the first report of change in CSF volume in children after extended treatment with ACTZ. ACTZ treatment in mechanically ventilated paediatric patients with hydrocephalus may improve tolerance of ventriculopleural shunts and minimise respiratory compromise. Potassium and bicarbonate supplements are required to correct metabolic disturbances.
authors: Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Critical Care and Pulmonary Medicine, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA.
authors: E
authors: E
authors: Carrion
authors: J H
authors: JH
authors: Hertzog
authors: M D
authors: MD
authors: Medlock
authors: G J
authors: GJ
authors: Hauser
authors: H J
authors: HJ
authors: Dalton
mesh_terms: D000086:Acetazolamide / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002257:Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002555:Cerebrospinal Fluid / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D002557:Cerebrospinal Fluid Shunts; D017809:Fatal Outcome; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D006849:Hydrocephalus / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid / Q000188:drug therapy*; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D012121:Respiration, Artificial; D017211:Treatment Failure
chemical_list: D002257:Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors; D000086:Acetazolamide