title: Activation of the mouse Ig germline epsilon promoter by IL-4 is dependent on AP-1 transcription factors.
abstract: Induction of germline (GL) epsilon transcripts, an essential step preceding Ig isotype switching to IgE, requires activation of transcription factors by IL-4 and a B cell activator, e.g., CD40 ligand or LPS. We demonstrate that AP-1 (Fos and Jun), induced transiently by CD40 ligand or LPS, binds a DNA element in the mouse GL epsilon promoter. AP-1 synergizes with Stat6 to activate both the intact GL epsilon promoter and a minimal heterologous promoter driven by the AP-1 and Stat6 sites of the mouse GL epsilon promoter. By contrast, C/EBP beta, which trans-activates the human GL epsilon promoter, inhibits IL-4 induction of the mouse promoter, probably by attenuating the synergistic interaction between AP-1 and Stat6. Furthermore, AP-1 does not trans-activate the human GL epsilon promoter. Thus, induction of GL epsilon transcripts in mice and humans may be regulated differently. In addition, although mouse GL epsilon transcripts have a half-life of approximately 100 min, the RNA level continues to increase for up to 24 h, and the promoter appears to be active for at least 2 days after B cell activation. Altogether, these data suggest that induction of AP-1 activity, although transient, is required for activation of the mouse GL epsilon promoter by IL-4-induced Stat6.
authors: Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA.
authors: C H
authors: CH
authors: Shen
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Stavnezer
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000502:physiology; D000818:Animals; D001402:B-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D001483:Base Sequence; D022762:CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D023201:CD40 Ligand / Q000502:physiology; D002460:Cell Line; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000276:immunology*; D017930:Genes, Reporter / Q000276:immunology; D006207:Half-Life; D006801:Humans; D007139:Immunoglobulin epsilon-Chains / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000502:physiology*; D007700:Kinetics; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation / Q000276:immunology; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D005810:Multigene Family / Q000276:immunology; D010957:Plasmids / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000276:immunology*; D016760:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos / Q000502:physiology; D016755:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-jun / Q000502:physiology; D050800:STAT6 Transcription Factor; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D013154:Spleen / Q000166:cytology; D015534:Trans-Activators / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000502:physiology; D018808:Transcription Factor AP-1 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D014162:Transfection; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D022762:CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D007139:Immunoglobulin epsilon-Chains; D016760:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos; D016755:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-jun; D050800:STAT6 Transcription Factor; C494101:STAT6 protein, human; C494100:Stat6 protein, mouse; D015534:Trans-Activators; D018808:Transcription Factor AP-1; D023201:CD40 Ligand; D015847:Interleukin-4