title: Prevalence and distribution of hepatitis C subtypes in patients with opioid dependence.
abstract: AIM AND SETTING: The drug addiction out-patient clinic at the University Hospital for Psychiatry in Vienna performed a study to identify the prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections in a group of opiate-dependent patients, to detect the distribution of HCV subtypes and to calculate the comorbidity of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis B virus (HBV).
  
  
  METHODS
  We consecutively investigated unselected patients (n = 173) during an observation period of 2 months with the diagnosis of opioid dependence (DSM-IV: 304.0) and polysubstance dependence (DSM-IV: 304.9).
  
  
  METHODS
  Blood was investigated focusing on liver enzymes and on viral status including HIV, hepatitis B and hepatitis C, followed by subtyping of the virus.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In 80.3% hepatitis C antibodies were found, 66.5% were HCV RNA (PCR) positive. 3a was the most frequent subtype (35.6%), followed by 1a (28.8%) and 1b (22.0%). Four patients had both subtypes 1a and 1b (6.8%), 3 were 2b positive (5.1%) and 1 patient had subtypes 2a/2c (1.7%). No significant difference in aspartate (AST) and alanine aminotransferases (ALT) concerning the different subtypes (AST: p = 0.290; ALT: p = 0.260) could be calculated; 11.6% showed co-infection with HIV, 2 patients had a chronic infection with hepatitis B.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The rate of HCV infection in substance-dependent patients at our drug addiction out-patient clinic is extremely high. The distribution of subtypes showed a relatively homogeneous distribution of the types 1a, 1b and 3a. The recommended therapy with alpha-interferon should be initiated in drug-dependent patients under considerations of an enrollment in oral maintenance with synthetic opioids.
authors: Drug Addiction Out-Patient Clinic, Department of General Psychiatry, University Hospital for Psychiatry, Vienna, Austria. a8700306@unet.univie.ac.at
authors: W
authors: W
authors: Gombas
authors: G
authors: G
authors: Fischer
authors: R
authors: R
authors: Jagsch
authors: H
authors: H
authors: Eder
authors: I
authors: I
authors: Okamoto
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Schindler
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Müller
authors: P
authors: P
authors: Ferenci
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Kasper
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001317:Austria / Q000453:epidemiology; D015897:Comorbidity; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006679:HIV Seropositivity / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000821:virology; D016174:Hepacivirus / Q000235:genetics*; D006509:Hepatitis B / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000821:virology; D006526:Hepatitis C / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000821:virology; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009293:Opioid-Related Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000821:virology; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D012367:RNA, Viral