title: A case of Walker-Warburg syndrome.
abstract: Walker-Warburg syndrome (WWS) is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by type II lissencephaly, cerebellar and retinal anomalies, and congenital muscular dystrophy. We report a female diagnosed with WWS based on clinical criteria. This patient was found to have fetal hydrocephalus on ultrasonography at 29 weeks of gestation, and exhibited severe hypotonia, ocular malformations, and hydrocephalus at birth. MRI revealed type II lissencephaly, hydrocephalus, and other severe brain malformations. Genetic analysis was performed to distinguish WWS from severe Fukuyama-type congenital muscular dystrophy (FCMD), which has numerous findings in common. This revealed no expression of the founder haplotype or single-stranded conformation polymorphism (SSCP) abnormalities. Since the life expectancy of patients with FCMD is longer, differential diagnosis should be performed precisely.
authors: Department of Pediatrics, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1 Mukogawa-cho, Nishinomiya, 663-8501, Hyogo, Japan. yumi-ped@hyo-med.ac.jp
authors: Y
authors: Y
authors: Asano
authors: K
authors: K
authors: Minagawa
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Okuda
authors: T
authors: T
authors: Matsui
authors: K
authors: K
authors: Ando
authors: E
authors: E
authors: Kondo-Iida
authors: O
authors: O
authors: Kobayashi
authors: T
authors: T
authors: Toda
authors: I
authors: I
authors: Nonaka
authors: T
authors: T
authors: Tanizawa
mesh_terms: D000015:Abnormalities, Multiple / Q000175:diagnosis*; D001921:Brain / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000473:pathology; D005124:Eye Abnormalities / Q000175:diagnosis; D005260:Female; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D006849:Hydrocephalus / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000196:embryology; D006869:Hydronephrosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000196:embryology; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D009136:Muscular Dystrophies / Q000175:diagnosis; D011247:Pregnancy; D013577:Syndrome; D016216:Ultrasonography, Prenatal