title: Value of intra-arterial calcium stimulated venous sampling for regionalization of pancreatic insulinomas.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Intra-arterial calcium stimulation with hepatic venous sampling (ASVS) for insulin gradients has been reported to be the most sensitive preoperative localizing technique for insulinomas. We reviewed our experience with ASVS to localize and guide the treatment of insulinomas over the past decade.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighteen patients who underwent ASVS before surgical exploration for insulinoma were studied. The accuracy of ASVS was compared with intraoperative findings and other localizing studies.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were no complications arising from the procedures. A more than 2-fold step-up in insulin level 30 to 60 seconds after injection to at least 1 feeding artery was observed in 16 patients. Fourteen of the 16 solitary tumors (87.5%) were correctly located; 100% (6/6 tumors) at the head and 80% (8/10 tumors) at the body/tail. The overall accuracy of this test was 89%, compared with 11%, 33%, 38%, and 63% of ultrasonography, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and endoscopic ultrasonography, respectively. Six enucleations and 10 distal resections were performed, which included 2 laparoscopic procedures. The combination of intraoperative ultrasonography with preoperative ASVS identified all tumors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  ASVS is the most accurate preoperative localization tool for the localization of insulinomas and, in combination with intraoperative ultrasonography, can enhance surgical success.
authors: Department of Surgery, University of Hong Kong Medical Centre, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong.
authors: C Y
authors: CY
authors: Lo
authors: F L
authors: FL
authors: Chan
authors: S C
authors: SC
authors: Tam
authors: P W
authors: PW
authors: Cheng
authors: S T
authors: ST
authors: Fan
authors: K S
authors: KS
authors: Lam
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002118:Calcium; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D005260:Female; D006503:Hepatic Veins; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood*; D007340:Insulinoma / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018761:Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 1 / Q000601:surgery; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000601:surgery; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013157:Splenic Artery
chemical_list: D007328:Insulin; D002118:Calcium