title: The G-protein-coupled receptor kinase GRK4 mediates homologous desensitization of metabotropic glutamate receptor 1.
abstract: G-protein-coupled receptor kinases (GRKs) are involved in the regulation of many G-protein-coupled receptors. As opposed to the other GRKs, such as rhodopsin kinase (GRK1) or beta-adrenergic receptor kinase (beta ARK, GRK2), no receptor substrate for GRK4 has been so far identified. Here we show that GRK4 is expressed in cerebellar Purkinje cells, where it regulates mGlu(1) metabotropic glutamate receptors, as indicated by the following: 1) When coexpressed in heterologous cells (HEK293), mGlu(1) receptor signaling was desensitized by GRK4 in an agonist-dependent manner (homologous desensitization). 2) In transfected HEK293 and in cultured Purkinje cells, the exposure to glutamate agonists induced internalization of the receptor and redistribution of GRK4. There was a substantial colocalization of the receptor and kinase both under basal condition and after internalization. 3) Kinase activity was necessary for desensitizing mGlu(1a) receptor and agonist-dependent phosphorylation of this receptor was also documented. 4) Antisense treatment of cultured Purkinje cells, which significantly reduced the levels of GRK4 expression, induced a marked modification of the mGlu(1)-mediated functional response, consistent with an impaired receptor desensitization. The critical role for GRK4 in regulating mGlu(1) receptors implicates a major involvement of this kinase in the physiology of Purkinje cell and in motor learning.
authors: Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology, Consorzio Mario Negri Sud, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Santa Maria Imbaro, Italy.
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Sallese
authors: L
authors: L
authors: Salvatore
authors: E
authors: E
authors: D'Urbano
authors: G
authors: G
authors: Sala
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Storto
authors: T
authors: T
authors: Launey
authors: F
authors: F
authors: Nicoletti
authors: T
authors: T
authors: Knöpfel
authors: A
authors: A
authors: De Blasi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004705:Endocytosis; D054771:G-Protein-Coupled Receptor Kinase 4; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic; D008297:Male; D009473:Neuronal Plasticity / Q000502:physiology; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D011689:Purkinje Cells / Q000201:enzymology; D051381:Rats; D018094:Receptors, Metabotropic Glutamate / Q000378:metabolism*; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013094:Spermatozoa / Q000201:enzymology; D014018:Tissue Distribution
chemical_list: D018094:Receptors, Metabotropic Glutamate; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; C104077:metabotropic glutamate receptor type 1; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D054771:G-Protein-Coupled Receptor Kinase 4; C517854:Grk4 protein, rat