title: Bacteria in the transfer catheter tip influence the live-birth rate after in vitro fertilization.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the impact of individual bacteria isolated from the vagina and tip of the embryo transfer catheter on live-birth rates.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective clinical study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Infertility outpatient clinic of a university hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ninety-one women undergoing IVF-ET.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cultures were obtained from the vagina for aerobic and anaerobic bacteria at the time of both sonographic egg retrieval and embryo transfer and from the tip of the embryo transfer catheter. Doxycycline treatment was started after egg retrieval.
  
  
  METHODS
  The live birth of one or more neonates.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Doxycycline had no substantial impact on the recovery of individual vaginal bacteria or on bacterial vaginosis. An increase in live-birth rate was associated with the recovery of hydrogen peroxide-producing Lactobacillus from the vagina (P=0.01) and from the embryo transfer catheter (P=0.01). In contrast, a reduction in live-birth rate was associated with recovery of Streptococcus viridans (S. viridans) from the embryo transfer catheter tip (P=0.04).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In the setting of IVF-ET, prophylactic doxycycline had little effect on vaginal bacteria. Specific bacteria recovered from the embryo transfer catheter appear associated with a detrimental or beneficial effect or with no effect on live-birth rates.
authors: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecology, and Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington 98105, USA. sunbeam@u.washington.edu
authors: D E
authors: DE
authors: Moore
authors: M R
authors: MR
authors: Soules
authors: N A
authors: NA
authors: Klein
authors: V Y
authors: VY
authors: Fujimoto
authors: K J
authors: KJ
authors: Agnew
authors: D A
authors: DA
authors: Eschenbach
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001419:Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D001723:Birth Rate; D002404:Catheterization; D004318:Doxycycline / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004624:Embryo Transfer; D004866:Equipment Contamination; D005260:Female; D005307:Fertilization in Vitro; D006801:Humans; D007778:Lactobacillus / Q000302:isolation & purification; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013291:Streptococcus / Q000302:isolation & purification; D014621:Vagina / Q000382:microbiology; D016585:Vaginosis, Bacterial / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D004318:Doxycycline