title: Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition reduces retinal overexpression of vascular endothelial growth factor and hyperpermeability in experimental diabetes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition has been recently suggested to have retinoprotective actions in diabetic patients but the mechanism of this effect is not known. In vitro, angiotensin II stimulates expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), a permeability-inducing and endothelial cell specific angiogenic factor which has been implicated in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy in humans and in experimental animals. We sought to determine the effects of ACE inhibition on retinal VEGF expression and permeability in experimental diabetic retinopathy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats and control animals were assigned at random to receive ACE inhibitor treatment or vehicle. At 24 weeks the retinal VEGF protein gene expression was assessed by northern blot analysis and in situ hybridisation. Retinal permeability to albumin was measured using a double isotope technique.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Experimental diabetes was associated with cell specific two to fourfold increase in retinal VEGF protein gene expression (p < 0.01) and a 2-fold increase in retinal vascular permeability to albumin (p < 0.01). The localization of VEGF expression in the retina was not altered in animals with experimental diabetes. Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor treatment of diabetic rats reduced diabetes-associated changes in VEGF gene expression and vascular permeability.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings implicate the renin-angiotensin system in the VEGF overexpression and hyperpermeability which accompany diabetic retinopathy and provide a potential mechanism for the beneficial effects of ACE inhibition in diabetic retinal disease.
authors: University of Melbourne Department of Medicine, Austin and Repatriation Medical Centre, Victoria, Australia.
authors: R E
authors: RE
authors: Gilbert
authors: D J
authors: DJ
authors: Kelly
authors: A J
authors: AJ
authors: Cox
authors: J L
authors: JL
authors: Wilkinson-Berka
authors: J R
authors: JR
authors: Rumble
authors: T
authors: T
authors: Osicka
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Panagiotopoulos
authors: V
authors: V
authors: Lee
authors: E C
authors: EC
authors: Hendrich
authors: G
authors: G
authors: Jerums
authors: M E
authors: ME
authors: Cooper
mesh_terms: D000804:Angiotensin II / Q000502:physiology; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D015152:Blotting, Northern; D002199:Capillary Permeability / Q000187:drug effects*; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003930:Diabetic Retinopathy / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology; D016228:Endothelial Growth Factors / Q000235:genetics*; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects*; D017403:In Situ Hybridization; D008222:Lymphokines / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D020913:Perindopril / Q000494:pharmacology; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D017257:Ramipril / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012160:Retina / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D012171:Retinal Vessels / Q000187:drug effects / Q000503:physiopathology; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D042442:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors
chemical_list: D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; D016228:Endothelial Growth Factors; D008222:Lymphokines; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D042442:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors; D000804:Angiotensin II; D017257:Ramipril; D020913:Perindopril