title: Diagnosis and staging of head and neck cancer: a comparison of modern imaging modalities (positron emission tomography, computed tomography, color-coded duplex sonography) with panendoscopic and histopathologic findings.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the clinical value of positron emission tomography (PET) using fludeoxyglucose F 18, computed tomography (CT), color-coded duplex sonography (CCDS), and panendoscopy in the detection and staging of head and neck cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective nonrandomized controlled study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Medical school.
  
  
  METHODS
  Convenience sample of 50 patients with suspected primary or recurrent head and neck cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Biopsy, tumor surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  Information of diagnostic procedures compared with histopathologic features.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both PET and panendoscopy had a sensitivity of 95% and 100% for detection of primary tumor or recurrent carcinomas, respectively. Specificity for PET and panendoscopy was 92% and 85% in primary tumors and 100% and 80% in recurrent carcinoma, respectively. Sensitivity of CCDS and CT was 74% and 68% in primary tumors and 67% and 63% in recurrent carcinomas, respectively. Specificity was 75% and 69% in primary tumors and 100% and 80% in recurrent neoplasms. When assessing neck nodes, all imaging procedures exhibited identical sensitivity (84%). Specificity was 90%, 96%, and 88% in PET, CT, and CCDS, respectively. In recurrent lymph node metastases, sensitivity was 100%, 67%, and 67% and specificity was 87%, 91%, and 87% for PET, CT, and CCDS, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Positron emission tomography was the most reliable imaging procedure in the detection of primary tumor and recurrent carcinomas localized in the head and neck region. Owing to its limited anatomical depiction, it cannot as yet replace other diagnostic procedures in preoperative planning but does contribute valuable complementary diagnostic information. Computed tomograpy may have difficulties in identifying recurrent carcinomas. For routine diagnosis of nodal spread in the neck, CCDS is recommended. Panendoscopy is a valuable diagnostic procedure that can provide key information in cases of superficial mucosal tumor involvement. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2000;126:1457-1461
authors: Department of Ear, Nose, and Throat Diseases, University of Aachen, Germany. edimartino@post.klinikum.rwth-aachen.de
authors: E
authors: E
authors: Di Martino
authors: B
authors: B
authors: Nowak
authors: H A
authors: HA
authors: Hassan
authors: R
authors: R
authors: Hausmann
authors: G
authors: G
authors: Adam
authors: U
authors: U
authors: Buell
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Westhofen
mesh_terms: D001706:Biopsy; D004724:Endoscopy; D005260:Female; D006258:Head and Neck Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012008:Recurrence; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014055:Tomography, Emission-Computed; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D018615:Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color