title: Preconditioning with short cycles improves ischemic tolerance in rat fast- and slow-twitch skeletal muscle.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to investigate whether the efficacy of ischemic preconditioning (IP) in rat skeletal muscle depends on the duration of the preconditioning cycles.
  
  
  METHODS
  Rats were divided into four groups (n = 10 each). The right hindlimb of rats in group A were subjected to 2.5 h of tourniquet ischemia followed by 2 h of reperfusion (I-R). Thereafter, muscular function was analyzed in vitro and high-energy phosphates (HEP) were determined by HPLC. Before I-R, right hindlimbs of rats in groups B-D subjected to IP with three cycles each consisting of 2.5, 5 or 10 min of ischemia followed by reperfusion for the same duration.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Postischemic function of the extensor muscle was significantly improved with all three preconditioning protocols. Postischemic function of the soleus muscle was only improved by IP with three cycles of 5 min of ischemia and 5 min of reperfusion. Postischemic HEP tissue levels were not influenced by IP.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study shows for the first time that IP increases ischemic tolerance not only of fast-twitch but also of slow-twitch skeletal muscle. The efficacy of IP seems to be less dependent on the duration of the single preconditioning cycle than on the number of cycles performed. Three cycles each of 2.5, 5 or 10 min ischemia and reperfusion significantly improved postischemic skeletal muscle function. Tissue levels of HEPs, however, were not influenced by IP indicating that preservation of HEPs does not play a major role in the effects of IP on rodent skeletal muscle.
authors: Department of Surgery and Research, University of Basel, Switzerland.
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Mattei
authors: P M
authors: PM
authors: Sutter
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Marx
authors: P
authors: P
authors: Stierli
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Heberer
authors: L
authors: L
authors: Gürke
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological; D000818:Animals; D004734:Energy Metabolism; D007511:Ischemia / Q000503:physiopathology*; D019194:Ischemic Preconditioning; D008297:Male; D018656:Muscle Fibers, Fast-Twitch / Q000502:physiology; D018657:Muscle Fibers, Slow-Twitch / Q000502:physiology; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000503:physiopathology*; D010710:Phosphates / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar
chemical_list: D010710:Phosphates