Effects of acute and chronic hypertension on the labyrinthine barriers in rat.
Hearing loss, vertigo, and tinnitus have been related to arterial hypertension. The aim of the present work was to study the permeability of the blood-perilymph and of the labyrinthine barrier, between endolymph and perilymph, to small molecules during chronic and acute hypertension. Experiments were performed in normotensive Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Acute hypertension was induced by phenylephrine. Perilymph was sampled from the first turn of the scala vestibuli and the Na, K, urea, and radioactive concentrations ((14)C-urea and (3)H-mannitol) were measured. In another experimental set, the endocochlear potential was recorded from the basal turn of scala media, before and after phenylephrine injection. The composition of the perilymph and the kinetic constants for (14)C-urea and (3)H-mannitol were similar in WKY and SHR, and not modified after acute hypertension. In endolymph, the endocochlear potential in SHR (+80+/-2.7 mV, n=24) was lower (P<0.001) than in WKY (+98+/-1.5 mV, n=29). The endocochlear potential was decreased by 40 mV during acute hypertensive peak in seven out of 19 WKY but not in SHR rats (n=13). In conclusion, chronic or acute hypertension did not severely alter the permeability to small molecules of the blood-perilymph barrier. The relationship between the low endocochlear potential and hypertension in SHR remains to be evaluated. After acute hypertensive peak, the presence of vascular protective mechanisms in the cochlea could account for the stable endocochlear potential recorded in SHR and 60% of normotensive rats.
Mosnier
I
I
INSERM U.426, Faculté Xavier Bichat, Univesité Paris 7, France.
Teixeira
M
M
Loiseau
A
A
Fernandes
I
I
Sterkers
O
O
Amiel
C
C
Ferrary
E
E
D000208:Acute Disease; D000818:Animals; D002908:Chronic Disease; D003051:Cochlea / Q000503:physiopathology; D007758:Ear, Inner / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004710:Endolymph / Q000502:physiology; D006973:Hypertension / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D008353:Mannitol / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D008564:Membrane Potentials; D010498:Perilymph / Q000502:physiology; D010539:Permeability; D051381:Rats; D011918:Rats, Inbred SHR; D011921:Rats, Inbred WKY; D014508:Urea / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid / Q000493:pharmacokinetics
D008353:Mannitol; D014508:Urea