title: Decreasing the dosimetric effects of misalignment when using a mono-isocentric technique for irradiation of head and neck cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to quantify and develop methods to decrease inhomogeneities created with field edge mismatch when using a mono-isocentric beam-split technique.
  
  
  METHODS
  We validated techniques to determine dose across a half-blocked field edge and quantified potential sources of systematic matchline error. Then, two methods were used to evaluate matchline doses. The first used film dosimetry data from a half-beam field and a spreadsheet. Duplication and reversal provided two columns, each representing a beam-split field edge. Summation simulated perfect abutment and shifting created various gaps and overlaps. The second method involved obtaining dose profiles at midfield along the ray perpendicular to abutted, overlapped, and gapped beam-split fields on six linear accelerators. To enlarge the penumbra, we designed several field edge modifiers, then re-evaluated matchline doses. The field edge modifiers applicability to a 3-field head and neck treatment technique was also examined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Film-determined dose profiles provide similar information across a beam-split field edge as an ionization chamber. With the mono-isocentric beam-split technique, a 4-mm overlap or gap produces inhomogeneities nearly 60% above or below the intended dose. A 2-mm overlap or gap produces inhomogeneities nearly 30% above or below the intended dose. A customized penumbra generator decreased the magnitude of these inhomogeneities to 20% and 10%, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The two methods of evaluating matchline dose described above gave similar results. When using the mono-isocentric half-field technique, small misalignments produce worrisome regions of inhomogeneity. Our penumbra generator substantially decreases the magnitude of the dose inhomogeneities, although the volume receiving an inhomogeneous dose increases.
authors: Division of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic and Mayo Foundation, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
authors: P L
authors: PL
authors: Fabrizio
authors: E C
authors: EC
authors: McCullough
authors: R L
authors: RL
authors: Foote
mesh_terms: D005373:Film Dosimetry; D006258:Head and Neck Neoplasms / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D006801:Humans; D011874:Radiometry / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D011879:Radiotherapy Dosage