title: The microaerophilic flagellate Giardia intestinalis: Allium sativum (garlic) is an effective antigiardial.
abstract: Whole garlic (Allium sativum L.) extract and some of its components were assayed for antigiardial activity. Whole garlic extract gave an IC(50) at 24 h of 0.3 mg ml(-1). Most of the components assayed were inhibitory to the organism, especially allyl alcohol and allyl mercaptan, with IC(50) values of 7 microg ml(-1) and 37 microg ml(-1) respectively. Studies with calcofluor white indicated that whole garlic and allyl alcohol collapse the transmembrane electrochemical membrane potential (Deltapsi) of the organism, as indicated by uptake of the fluorochrome. Electron microscopy allowed the morphological changes that occur with garlic inhibition to be recorded. Both the surface topography and internal architecture of the organism changed during incubation with the biocides. Both whole garlic and allyl alcohol resulted in fragmentation of the disc and an overexpression of disc microribbons, internalization of flagella, vacuole formation and an increase in distended vesicles. Allyl mercaptan, however, only gave an increase in distended vesicles, suggesting that this biocide has a different mode of action.
authors: Microbiology Group, School of Biosciences (BIOSI Main Building), Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3TL, UK1.
authors: Janine C
authors: JC
authors: Harris
authors: Cultech Biospeciality Products, York Chambers, York Street, Swansea SA1 3NJ, UK2.
authors: Sue
authors: S
authors: Plummer
authors: Microbiology Group, School of Biosciences (BIOSI Main Building), Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3TL, UK1.
authors: Michael P
authors: MP
authors: Turner
authors: Microbiology Group, School of Biosciences (BIOSI Main Building), Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3TL, UK1.
authors: David
authors: D
authors: Lloyd
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000981:Antiprotozoal Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001557:Benzenesulfonates; D005612:Freeze Drying; D005737:Garlic / Q000737:chemistry*; D016829:Giardia lamblia / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000648:ultrastructure; D008854:Microscopy, Electron; D008860:Microscopy, Ultraviolet; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010946:Plants, Medicinal; D020005:Propanols / Q000494:pharmacology; D013438:Sulfhydryl Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000981:Antiprotozoal Agents; D001557:Benzenesulfonates; D010936:Plant Extracts; D020005:Propanols; D013438:Sulfhydryl Compounds; C006463:allyl alcohol; C007061:C.I. Fluorescent Brightening Agent 28