title: Clinical relevance of cytokine production in HIV-1 infection in children on antiretroviral therapy.
abstract: In order to investigate the correlation among cytokine production and antiretroviral therapy (ART), viral load, CD4(+) and CD8(+) T lymphocytes, 55 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1-infected children on ART or not, and 16 uninfected controls were studied. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of HIV-1-infected children and controls were cultured and spontaneous and mitogen-stimulated cytokines production was quantified in the supernatants. Viral load was quantified using standard molecular assay. CD4 and CD8 T-lymphocyte counts were determined by flow cytometry. Cytokine production by mitogen-stimulated PBMCs showed different profiles in HIV-1 children whether treated or not. The tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha production was higher and the interleukin (IL)-10 production was lower in the HIV-1-untreated group than in the HIV-1-treated children and controls. The IL-2 production was reduced and the RANTES production was higher in both HIV-1 groups compared with the controls. The interferon (IFN)-gamma and the IL-5 production was significantly reduced in the HIV-1-treated children compared to the controls. Interestingly, the analysis of the correlation of HIV-1 phenotype with cytokine production indicated an increased RANTES production in relation to nonsyncytium-inducing viral phenotype with slow/low replication profile, whereas decreased IL-10 levels was associated to syncytium-inducing (SI) strains and rapid/high replication. Our findings suggest that AVT changes on the cytokine and chemokine production play an important role in the HIV pathogenesis.
authors: Division of Immunology, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, C/Dr Esquerdo 46, ES-28007 Madrid, Spain.
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Resino
authors: J M
authors: JM
authors: Bellón
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Sánchez-Ramón
authors: D
authors: D
authors: Gurbindo
authors: M A
authors: MA
authors: Muñóz-Fernandez
mesh_terms: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016516:CD4-CD8 Ratio; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy*; D015497:HIV-1; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013030:Spain; D019562:Viral Load
chemical_list: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents; D016207:Cytokines