title: Optimal management of the axilla in patients with breast cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although most surgeons perform some form of axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) as part of locoregional management of operable breast cancer, the extent of dissection remains controversial.
  
  
  METHODS
  Observation of the axilla trial (protocol I) and partial dissection trial (protocol I) began in January 1996. Between January 1996 and May 2000, 45 post-menopausal and 207 women with clinically node-negative breast cancer were enrolled into protocol I and protocol II respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The 4-year cumulative incidence rate of axillary recurrence was 7% in patients with untreated the axilla. The 4-year overall survival rate was 98% in patients with untreated the axilla. The 4-year disease-free and overall survival rates were 96% and 98% respectively in patients treated with partial dissection.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Total axillary dissection seems to be unnecessary in Japanese breast cancer patients with relatively small tumors.
authors: Department of Surgery, Osaka National Hospital, 2-1-14 Hoenzaka, Chyuo-ku, Osaka 540-0006, Japan.
authors: E
authors: E
authors: Shin
authors: Y
authors: Y
authors: Minami
authors: Y
authors: Y
authors: Takatsuka
authors: K
authors: K
authors: Kawahara
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Kurata
authors: T
authors: T
authors: Tsujinaka
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001365:Axilla; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008197:Lymph Node Excision; D008875:Middle Aged