title: Combined photodynamic therapy and hyperbaric oxygenation in carcinoma of the esophagus and the esophago-gastric junction.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The photochemical reaction of photodynamic therapy (PDT) depends on the presence of molecular oxygen. Due to anoxic regions in tumor tissue and vascular shutdown during PDT the efficiency is limited. Therefore, the use of hyperbaric oxygen which increases the oxygen in tumor tissue, as well as the amount of singlet oxygen, may enhance the efficiency of PDT.
  
  
  METHODS
  After diagnostic work-up, photosensitization was carried out with a hematoporphyrin-derivate 2 mg/kg BW 48 h prior to PDT. The light dose was calculated as 300 J/cm fiber tip. Thirty-one patients were treated by PDT alone and 44 patients received PDT under hyperbaric oxygen at a level of two absolute atmospheric pressure.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Improvement regarding stenosis-diameter could be obtained in both treatment arms with no significant difference (P=0.82). The dysphagia-score and tumor-length also decreased in both groups and showed a significant difference in favour of the PDT/HBO-group (P=0. 0064 and P=0.0002, respectively). The median overall survival for the PDT-group was 7 months and for the PDT/HBO-group 12 months (P=0. 0098).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  According to this prospective non-randomized study, combined PDT/HBO represents a new approach in the treatment of esophageal and cardia cancer which appears to have enhanced the efficiency of PDT.
authors: Department of Surgery, Division of Thoracic and Hyperbaric Surgery, University Medical School, Auenbruggerplatz 29, A-8036, Graz, Austria. alfred.maier@klinikum-graz.at
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Maier
authors: F
authors: F
authors: Tomaselli
authors: U
authors: U
authors: Anegg
authors: P
authors: P
authors: Rehak
authors: B
authors: B
authors: Fell
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Luznik
authors: H
authors: H
authors: Pinter
authors: F M
authors: FM
authors: Smolle-Jüttner
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy*; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy*; D004943:Esophagogastric Junction; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006931:Hyperbaric Oxygenation / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010778:Photochemotherapy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D011446:Prospective Studies; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric