title: Increased coronary effects of stimulation of endothelin-B receptor in experimental hypercholesterolemia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Vasoconstriction in response to endothelin-1 has been shown to be primarily related to its effects on the endothelin-A receptor. Experimental hypercholesterolemia is associated with an increase in coronary vasoconstrictor response to endothelin-1 in vivo, although the relative contributions of subtypes of endothelin receptor in this model remain unknown.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To test the hypothesis that there is an increase in coronary vasoconstriction in response to stimulation of endothelin-B receptor in hypercholesterolemia, which might be related to attenuation of activity of endothelin-derived relaxing factor.
  
  
  METHODS
  We infused 5 ng/kg/min sarafotoxin, a specific endothelin-B receptor agonist, or 50 micrograms/kg/min NG-monomethyl-L-arginine (L-NMMA), a competitive inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase, into the left anterior descending coronary arteries of pigs before and after feeding them a cholesterol-rich diet for 10 weeks.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was a significant increase in serum level of cholesterol. After 10 weeks, infusion of sarafotoxin resulted in an accentuated decrease in coronary blood flow (CBF) compared with baseline (decreases by 60 +/- 7 versus 34 +/- 6%, P < 0.05). There was no significant difference between the effects on diameter of coronary arteries for the two time periods. The effect of L-NMMA on CBF was attenuated after 10 weeks (by 5 +/- 10.1 versus 45.6 +/- 4.7%, P < 0.05). Endothelin-receptor status of epicardial coronary arteries remained unchanged. Sarafotoxin and L-NMMA were co-infused at the above-mentioned doses into normolipidemic animals; the decrease in CBF in response to this co-infusion was comparable to the decrease observed with sarafotoxin alone in hypercholesterolemic animals (decreases of 67 +/- 5 versus 60 +/- 7, NS).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present results demonstrate that selective stimulation of the endothelin-B receptor increases coronary vasoconstriction in experimental hypercholesterolemia, primarily at the level of the microvasculature. These findings may be related to the attenuation of activity of endothelin-derived relaxing factor in this model, and support the hypothesis that endothelin-B receptor plays a role in the regulation of coronary vascular tone in pathophysiologic states.
authors: Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Foundation, Rochester, Minnesota, USA. mathew.verghese@mayo.edu
authors: V
authors: V
authors: Mathew
authors: V M
authors: VM
authors: Miller
authors: D
authors: D
authors: Hasdai
authors: D A
authors: DA
authors: Barber
authors: D R
authors: DR
authors: Holmes
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Lerman
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003331:Coronary Vessels / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D006937:Hypercholesterolemia / Q000503:physiopathology*; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000502:physiology*; D044023:Receptor, Endothelin B; D017466:Receptors, Endothelin / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D013552:Swine; D013997:Time Factors; D014661:Vasoconstriction / Q000502:physiology; D014662:Vasoconstrictor Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D014757:Viper Venoms / Q000494:pharmacology; D019323:omega-N-Methylarginine / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D044023:Receptor, Endothelin B; D017466:Receptors, Endothelin; D014662:Vasoconstrictor Agents; D014757:Viper Venoms; C057354:sarafotoxins s6; D019323:omega-N-Methylarginine; D009569:Nitric Oxide