Specificities of Caenorhabditis elegans and human hairpin binding proteins for the first nucleotide in the histone mRNA hairpin loop.
The 3' ends of animal replication-dependent histone mRNAs are formed by endonucleolytic cleavage of the primary transcripts downstream of a highly conserved RNA hairpin. The hairpin-binding protein (HBP) binds to this RNA element and is involved in histone RNA 3' processing. A minimal RNA-binding domain (RBD) of approximately 73 amino acids that has no similarity with other known RNA-binding motifs was identified in human HBP [Wang Z-F et al., Genes & Dev, 1996, 10:3028-3040]. The primary sequence identity between human and Caenorhabditis elegans RBDs is 55% compared to 38% for the full-length proteins. We analyzed whether differences between C. elegans and human HBP and hairpins are reflected in the specificity of RNA binding. The C. elegans HBP and its RBD recognize only their cognate RNA hairpins, whereas the human HBP or RBD can bind both the mammalian and the C. elegans hairpins. This selectivity of C. elegans HBP is mostly mediated by the first nucleotide in the loop, which is C in C. elegans and U in all other metazoans. By converting amino acids in the human RBD to the corresponding C. elegans residues at places where the latter deviates from the consensus, we could identify two amino acid segments that contribute to selectivity for the first nucleotide of the hairpin loop.
Michel
F
F
Institute of Cell Biology, University of Bern, Switzerland.
Schümperli
D
D
Müller
B
B
D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D001665:Binding Sites; D017173:Caenorhabditis elegans / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D029742:Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins; D016384:Consensus Sequence; D006657:Histones / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016297:Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D009690:Nucleic Acid Conformation; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics*; D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D013045:Species Specificity; D013379:Substrate Specificity; D029867:Xenopus Proteins; D014982:Xenopus laevis; D039221:mRNA Cleavage and Polyadenylation Factors
D029742:Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins; D006657:Histones; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; C092663:SLBP protein, human; C490491:SLBP1 protein, Xenopus; C490494:Slbp protein, mouse; D029867:Xenopus Proteins; C458499:cdl-1 protein, C elegans; D039221:mRNA Cleavage and Polyadenylation Factors