title: Urgent endoscopic nasobiliary drainage without fluoroscopic guidance: A useful treatment for critically ill patients with biliary obstruction.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Endoscopic nasobiliary drainage (ENBD) is routinely performed under fluoroscopic control. This is a report of our experience with urgent ENBD without fluoroscopic guidance in critically ill patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-six critically ill patients who underwent urgent ENBD for biliary obstruction were analyzed. ENBD was performed without fluoroscopic control because of high risk of transportation or inaccessibility of the x-ray facilities. A pig-tailed nasobiliary catheter was inserted into the bile duct with the help of a guidewire under endoscopic control to bypass the site of obstruction. Successful placement was confirmed by free flow of bile on aspiration via the nasobiliary catheter.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A nasobiliary catheter was successfully placed in 23 patients (88%). Adequate bile drainage was achieved in 20 patients with an overall success rate of 77%. There were no procedure-related complications. The mortality rate for patients with successful biliary drainage was 10% (2 of 20), in contrast to 83% (5 of 6) for the group in which drainage was unsuccessful.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Urgent ENBD is effective for patients with biliary obstruction. With experience, this procedure may be successfully performed in critically ill patients without fluoroscopic guidance at primary care hospitals or intensive care units where fluoroscopic facilities are not readily available.
authors: Departments of Emergency Medicine and Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei.
authors: H P
authors: HP
authors: Wang
authors: S P
authors: SP
authors: Huang
authors: M S
authors: MS
authors: Sun
authors: J H
authors: JH
authors: Chen
authors: H H
authors: HH
authors: Wang
authors: C C
authors: CC
authors: Lin
authors: Y S
authors: YS
authors: Chang
authors: C S
authors: CS
authors: Yang
authors: M S
authors: MS
authors: Wu
authors: J T
authors: JT
authors: Lin
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002779:Cholestasis / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy*; D016638:Critical Illness; D004322:Drainage / Q000379:methods*; D016145:Endoscopy, Digestive System / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005471:Fluoroscopy; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007362:Intensive Care Units; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D015996:Survival Rate; D016896:Treatment Outcome