title: Primary antiphospholipid syndrome: functional outcome after 10 years.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To analyze the 10 year functional outcome of primary antiphospholipid syndrome (APS).
  
  
  METHODS
  We identified 39 patients with primary APS (35 female, 4 male) who developed a first thrombotic or pregnancy event before 1990. Patients meeting American College of Rheumatology criteria for systemic lupus erythematosus or other connective tissue disorders (secondary APS) were excluded. Medical records were reviewed for detailed histories and functional outcomes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At 10 years' followup, 15 patients (38.4%) had organ damage in the form of hemiparesis (n = 8), dementia (n = 3), quadriplegia (n = 1), dilated cardiomyopathy-myocardial infarction (n = 1), vascular insufficiency-massive pulmonary infarction (n = 1), and endstage renal disease (n = 1). Eight patients (20.5%) with organ damage were unable to perform everyday activities important to their quality of life (functionally impaired). Causes of functional impairment were cognitive dysfunction (n = 3), cardiovascular disease (New York Heart Association Functional Classification Class IV) (n = 2), aphasia (n = 1), expressive aphasia (n = 1), and locked-in syndrome (n = 1).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Functional prognosis is poor in an important minority of primary APS patients with > 10 years of disease. One-third of primary APS patients had organ damage and one-fifth were functionally impaired.
authors: Division of Rheumatology, Hospital for Special Surgery, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York, USA. derkan@pol.net
authors: D
authors: D
authors: Erkan
authors: Y
authors: Y
authors: Yazici
authors: R
authors: R
authors: Sobel
authors: M D
authors: MD
authors: Lockshin
mesh_terms: D016736:Antiphospholipid Syndrome / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000209:etiology*; D003704:Dementia / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009102:Multiple Organ Failure / Q000209:etiology; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D012008:Recurrence; D012189:Retrospective Studies