title: Stimulation of beta-adrenergic receptors inhibits the release of tumor necrosis factor-alpha from the isolated rat heart.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Beta-adrenergic receptor agonists such as isoproterenol inhibit production of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha in a number of cell types. Because the heart is a source of TNF-alpha, we hypothesized that isoproterenol would inhibit cardiac production of the cytokine.
  
  
  METHODS
  Analysis of cardiac release of TNF-alpha.
  
  
  METHODS
  Medical research laboratory.
  
  
  METHODS
  Rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  None.
  
  
  RESULTS
  With the approval of the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee, rats were anesthetized and hearts were removed and perfused. After 30 mins, bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) with or without isoproterenol was infused for 60 mins. At 30, 60, 90, 120, and 150 mins, coronary flow was measured and coronary effluent was analyzed for TNF-alpha. Cardiac production of TNF-alpha was expressed as pg/min. Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (AMP) in the coronary effluent was measured. TNF-alpha messenger RNA was determined in ventricular tissue. After 30 mins, TNF-alpha was undetectable in the coronary effluent However, 60 mins after the initiation of LPS infusion, TNF-alpha release was 875+/-255 pg/min and increased to 2164+/-721 pg/min at 150 mins. Simultaneous infusion of isoproterenol with LPS stimulated cyclic AMP release and inhibited TNF-alpha production. For instance, at 60 and 150 mins, TNF-alpha release was 75+/-38 and 58+/-29 pg/min, respectively (p < .05 vs. LPS alone). Simultaneous infusion of isoproterenol with LPS blocked the induction of TNF-alpha messenger RNA by LPS. Isoproterenol, begun 30 mins after the initiation of LPS infusion, still suppressed LPS-stimulated TNF-alpha release by 95% at 150 mins. Similar results were obtained with norepinephrine.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Activation of beta-adrenergic receptors inhibits cardiac TNF-alpha release. This implies that cytokine production by the heart is inhibited by the sympathetic nervous system. In heart failure, the cardiac response to the sympathetic nervous system is impaired. This impairment may play a role in the high plasma levels of TNF-alpha found in heart failure.
authors: Department of Anesthesiology, Mercer University School of Medicine and Medical Center of Central Georgia, Macon, USA.
authors: W H
authors: WH
authors: Newman
authors: M R
authors: MR
authors: Castresana
authors: J G
authors: JG
authors: Webb
authors: Z
authors: Z
authors: Wang
authors: D J
authors: DJ
authors: Warejcka
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D046508:Culture Techniques; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000276:immunology; D007545:Isoproterenol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008233:Lymphotoxin-alpha / Q000378:metabolism*; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D011943:Receptors, Adrenergic, beta / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D013564:Sympathetic Nervous System / Q000503:physiopathology; D013566:Sympathomimetics / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D008233:Lymphotoxin-alpha; D011943:Receptors, Adrenergic, beta; D013566:Sympathomimetics; D007545:Isoproterenol