title: Levels of interleukin 12, a cytokine of type 1 helper T cells, are elevated in sera from patients with systemic sclerosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine serum levels and spontaneous production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of interleukin 12 (IL-12), a potent inducer of type 1 helper (Th1) T cells, in patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc).
  
  
  METHODS
  Serum IL-12 levels and spontaneous production levels of IL-12 in culture supernatants from PBMC were examined by ELISA. Serum levels of IL-4, IL-6. IL-10, and IL-13 and production levels by PBMC of IL-6 and IL-10 were also examined by ELISA. Renal vascular damage was determined as a pulsatility index (PI) by color flow Doppler ultrasonography of kidneys.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Serum IL-12 levels were significantly elevated in patients with SSc (n = 62) compared with healthy controls (n = 20). Similarly, spontaneous production levels of IL-12 by PBMC in patients with SSc (n = 47) were higher than those in controls (n = 20). Serum IL-12 levels did not correlate with serum levels of any Th2-type cytokines such as IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, and IL-13. However, spontaneous production levels of IL-10 by PBMC significantly correlated with serum IL-12 levels in patients. Patients with elevated serum IL-12 levels had the increased PI values more frequently than those with normal IL-12 levels. Further, serum levels of IL-12 and production levels of IL-12 by PBMC correlated significantly with the PI values in patients with SSc.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that the increased levels of IL-12 may relate to the activation of Th1 cells in SSc and that IL- 12 overproduction may be associated with renal vascular damage.
authors: Department of Dermatology, Kanazawa University School of Medicine, Ishikawa, Japan. s-sato@med.kanazawa-u.ac.jp
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Sato
authors: H
authors: H
authors: Hanakawa
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Hasegawa
authors: T
authors: T
authors: Nagaoka
authors: Y
authors: Y
authors: Hamaguchi
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Nishijima
authors: K
authors: K
authors: Komatsu
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Hirata
authors: K
authors: K
authors: Takehara
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D018664:Interleukin-12 / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000097:blood*; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology / Q000276:immunology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012595:Scleroderma, Systemic / Q000097:blood* / Q000276:immunology / Q000503:physiopathology; D018417:Th1 Cells / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D018664:Interleukin-12