title: Effects of interactions between powder particle size and binder viscosity on agglomerate growth mechanisms in a high shear mixer.
abstract: A study was performed in order to elucidate the effects of the interactions between powder particle size and binder viscosity on the mechanisms involved in agglomerate formation and growth. Calcium carbonates having mean particle sizes in the range of 5-214 microm and polyethylene glycols having viscosities in the range of approximately 50-100000 mPas were melt agglomerated in a high shear mixer. Agglomerate growth by nucleation and coalescence was found to dominate when agglomerating small powder particles and binders with a low viscosity. Increasing the binder viscosity increased the formation of agglomerates by immersion of powder particles in the surface of the binder droplets. With a larger powder particle size, an increasing binder viscosity was necessary in order to obtain an agglomerate strength being sufficient to avoid breakage. Due to a low agglomerate strength, a satisfying agglomeration of very large particles (214 microm) could not be obtained, even with very viscous binders. The study demonstrated that the optimum agglomerate growth occurred when the agglomerates were of an intermediate strength causing an intermediate deformability of the agglomerates. In order to produce spherical agglomerates (pellets), a low viscosity binder has to be chosen when agglomerating a powder with a small particle size, and a high viscosity binder must be applied in agglomeration of powders with large particles.
authors: The Royal Danish School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutics, 2 Universitetsparken, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Johansen
authors: T
authors: T
authors: Schaefer
mesh_terms: D000268:Adhesiveness; D002119:Calcium Carbonate / Q000737:chemistry; D004339:Drug Compounding; D005079:Excipients / Q000737:chemistry*; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D010316:Particle Size; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; D016062:Porosity; D011208:Powders; D014783:Viscosity
chemical_list: D005079:Excipients; D011208:Powders; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; D002119:Calcium Carbonate