title: Ryanodine-sensitive stores regulate the excitability of AH neurons in the myenteric plexus of guinea-pig ileum.
abstract: Myenteric afterhyperpolarizing (AH) neurons are primary afferent neurons within the gastrointestinal tract. Stimulation of the intestinal mucosa evokes action potentials (AP) that are followed by a slow afterhyperpolarization (AHP(slow)) in the soma. The role of intracellular Ca(2+) ([Ca(2+)](i)) and ryanodine-sensitive Ca(2+) stores in modulating the electrical activity of myenteric AH neurons was investigated by recording membrane potential and bis-fura-2 fluorescence from 34 AH neurons. Mean resting [Ca(2+)](i) was approximately 200 nM. Depolarizing current pulses that elicited APs evoked AHP(slow) and an increase in [Ca(2+)](i), with similar time courses. The amplitudes and durations of AHP(slow) and the Ca(2+) transient were proportional to the number of evoked APs, with each AP increasing [Ca(2+)](i) by approximately 50 nM. Ryanodine (10 microM) significantly reduced both the amplitude and duration (by 60%) of the evoked Ca(2+) transient and AHP(slow) over the range of APs tested (1-15). Calcium-induced calcium release (CICR) was graded and proportional to the number of APs, with each AP triggering a rise in [Ca(2+)](i) of approximately 30 nM Ca(2+) via CICR. This indicates that CICR amplifies Ca(2+) influx. Similar changes in [Ca(2+)](i) and AHP(slow) were evoked by two APs in control and six APs in ryanodine. Thus, the magnitude of the change in bulk [Ca(2+)](i) and not the source of the Ca(2+) is the determinant of the magnitude of AHP(slow). Furthermore, lowering of free [Ca(2+)](i), either by reducing extracellular Ca(2+) or injecting high concentrations of Ca(2+) buffer, induced depolarization, increased excitability, and abolition of AHP(slow). In addition, activation of synaptic input to AH neurons elicited a slow excitatory postsynaptic potential (sEPSP) that was completely blocked in ryanodine. These results demonstrate the importance of [Ca(2+)](i) and CICR in sensory processing in AH neurons. Activity-dependent CICR may be a mechanism to grade the output of AH neurons according to the intensity of sensory input.
authors: Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Nevada School of Medicine, Reno, Nevada 89557-0046, USA.
authors: K
authors: K
authors: Hillsley
authors: J L
authors: JL
authors: Kenyon
authors: T K
authors: TK
authors: Smith
mesh_terms: D000200:Action Potentials / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D000818:Animals; D002110:Caffeine / Q000494:pharmacology; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants / Q000494:pharmacology; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D019706:Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D006168:Guinea Pigs; D007082:Ileum / Q000294:innervation*; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007424:Intracellular Fluid / Q000378:metabolism; D007478:Iontophoresis; D008297:Male; D009197:Myenteric Plexus / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D009474:Neurons / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism*; D012433:Ryanodine / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D012433:Ryanodine; D002110:Caffeine; D002118:Calcium