title: Identification of peroxisomal targeting signals in cholesterol biosynthetic enzymes. AA-CoA thiolase, hmg-coa synthase, MPPD, and FPP synthase.
abstract: At least three different subcellular compartments, including peroxisomes, are involved in cholesterol synthesis. The peroxisomal targeting signals for phosphomevalonate kinase and isopentenyl diphosphate isomerase have been identified. In the current study we identify the peroxisomal targeting signals required for four other enzymes of the cholesterol biosynthetic pathway: acetoacetyl-CoA (AA-CoA) thiolase, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) synthase, mevalonate diphosphate decarboxylase (MPPD), and farnesyl diphosphate (FPP) synthase. Data are presented that demonstrate that mitochondrial AA-CoA thiolase contains both a mitochondrial targeting signal at the amino terminus and a peroxisomal targeting signal (PTS-1) at the carboxy terminus. We also analyze a new variation of PTS-2 sequences required to target HMG-CoA synthase and MPPD to peroxisomes. In addition, we show that FPP synthase import into peroxisomes is dependent on the PTS-2 receptor and identify at the amino terminus of the protein a 20-amino acid region that is required for the peroxisomal localization of the enzyme. These data provide further support for the conclusion that peroxisomes play a critical role in cholesterol biosynthesis.
authors: Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA.
authors: L M
authors: LM
authors: Olivier
authors: W
authors: W
authors: Kovacs
authors: K
authors: K
authors: Masuda
authors: G A
authors: GA
authors: Keller
authors: S K
authors: SK
authors: Krisans
mesh_terms: D000101:Acetyl-CoA C-Acetyltransferase / Q000378:metabolism*; D019883:Alkyl and Aryl Transferases / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D016466:CHO Cells; D002262:Carboxy-Lyases / Q000378:metabolism*; D006224:Cricetinae; D017931:DNA Primers; D051228:Geranyltranstransferase; D006904:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Synthase / Q000378:metabolism*; D016253:Microscopy, Immunoelectron; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000201:enzymology; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D020675:Peroxisomes / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000648:ultrastructure
chemical_list: D017931:DNA Primers; D000101:Acetyl-CoA C-Acetyltransferase; D006904:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Synthase; D019883:Alkyl and Aryl Transferases; D051228:Geranyltranstransferase; D002262:Carboxy-Lyases; C022503:pyrophosphomevalonate decarboxylase