title: Cognitive impairment in heart failure with Cheyne-Stokes respiration.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To document the degree of cognitive impairment in stable heart failure, and to determine its relation to the presence of Cheyne-Stokes respiration during sleep.
  
  
  METHODS
  104 heart failure patients and 21 healthy normal volunteers.
  
  
  METHODS
  Overnight oximetry was used (previously validated as a screening tool for Cheyne-Stokes respiration in heart failure). Cognitive function was assessed using a battery of neuropsychological tests. Left ventricular function was assessed by echocardiography.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Heart failure patients performed worse than the healthy volunteers in tests that measured vigilance. Reaction times were 48% slower (0.89 (0.03) s v 0.60 (0.05) s p < 0.005) and they hit twice as many obstacles on the Steer Clear simulator (75 (6.4) v 33 (4.6); p < 0.005). Cognitive impairment within the heart failure group was unrelated to either the presence of Cheyne-Stokes respiration, the degree of left ventricular dysfunction, or indices of nocturnal oxygenation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Vigilance was impaired in heart failure but this did not appear to be related to the presence of Cheyne-Stokes respiration during sleep. Impaired vigilance as measured on the Steer Clear test has been associated with an increased risk of motor vehicle accidents. The issue of fitness to drive in heart failure requires further attention.
authors: Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Queens Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK.
authors: A D
authors: AD
authors: Staniforth
authors: W J
authors: WJ
authors: Kinnear
authors: A J
authors: AJ
authors: Cowley
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001143:Arousal; D002639:Cheyne-Stokes Respiration / Q000150:complications*; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology*; D004452:Echocardiography; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000150:complications*; D006801:Humans; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D011930:Reaction Time; D016277:Ventricular Function, Left