title: In vitro antimicrobial activity of propolis dry extract.
abstract: In this study the antibacterial and antifungal properties of propolis, a natural product of bees, have been investigated against different pathogens. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBCs) were determined according to NCCLS standards on 320 strains including Staphylococcus aureus, Group A beta-hemolytic streptococci, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Moraxella catarrhalis, Haemophilus influenzae, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida albicans. Time-kill curves were assessed for susceptible microorganisms, testing 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 x MIC for propolis, by counting viable bacteria after 0, 3, 6, 24 hours and viable yeasts after 0, 3, 6, 24 and 48 hours. Propolis showed good antimicrobial activity against most of the isolates, particularly S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae and M. catarrhalis, but not against Enterobacteriaceae. Time-kill curves demonstrated bacteriostatic rather than bactericidal activity of propolis, the latter being evident only at high concentrations.
authors: Clinical Microbiology, L. Sacco Teaching Hospital, University of Milan, Italy. microbio@mailserver.unimi.it
authors: L
authors: L
authors: Drago
authors: B
authors: B
authors: Mombelli
authors: E
authors: E
authors: De Vecchi
authors: M C
authors: MC
authors: Fassina
authors: L
authors: L
authors: Tocalli
authors: M R
authors: MR
authors: Gismondo
mesh_terms: D002176:Candida albicans / Q000187:drug effects; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D001936:Moraxella catarrhalis / Q000187:drug effects; D011429:Propolis / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000187:drug effects*; D013296:Streptococcus pneumoniae / Q000187:drug effects; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D011429:Propolis