title: Paroxetine levels in postpartum depressed women, breast milk, and infant serum.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The purpose of this study was to determine the concentrations of paroxetine in maternal serum, breast milk, and infant serum samples and to estimate infant exposure through breastfeeding.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 25 sample sets was obtained: I sample set each from 23 mother-infant dyads and 2 sample sets from 1 mother-infant dyad. All mothers met DSM-IV criteria for major depressive disorder. The maternal fixed dosage of paroxetine was 10, 20, or 40 mg/day for a minimum of 30 days before the samples were drawn. Samples were collected 6 hours after dose intake, and the concentration of paroxetine in each sample was determined using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. The analytic method employed in this study is the most sensitive to date, with the ability to detect drug concentrations as low as 0.1 ng/mL.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Detectable levels of paroxetine were present in all maternal serum samples and in 24 of the 25 breast milk samples. In all of the infant serum samples, the paroxetine concentrations were below the lower limit of quantification. No unusual adverse effects were reported in any of the infants.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of this study demonstrate that paroxetine, like the other selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors studied to date, is excreted into the breast milk of nursing mothers. The mean infant dose of paroxetine was 1. 1% of the maternal dose. Although no short-term adverse effects were reported in any of the infants in this study, future studies are needed to address a more systematic method for observing and recording any adverse effects. In addition, future studies should incorporate follow-up studies in order to evaluate possible long-term effects of paroxetine exposure.
authors: Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Misri
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Kim
authors: K W
authors: KW
authors: Riggs
authors: X
authors: X
authors: Kostaras
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001942:Breast Feeding; D002849:Chromatography, Gas / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D019052:Depression, Postpartum / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn / Q000097:blood*; D013058:Mass Spectrometry / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008895:Milk, Human / Q000737:chemistry*; D017374:Paroxetine / Q000032:analysis / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017367:Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors / Q000032:analysis / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D017374:Paroxetine; D017367:Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors