title: Dopamine induces the expression of heme oxygenase-1 by human endothelial cells in vitro.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In a retrospective study of the kidney transplantations performed at our institution, we found that the administration of dopamine (DA) to the organ donors resulted in a significant improvement of long-term organ survival of the retrieved kidneys. To study the mechanisms underlying the organ protection associated with the administration of DA prior to transplantation, we questioned whether DA induces the antioxidative enzyme heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in cultured endothelial cells.
  
  
  METHODS
  Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) in culture were incubated with varying concentrations of DA for different time periods. Cells were subsequently assessed for the expression of HO-1 by Western blot and semiquantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The presence of DA resulted in a dose- and time-dependent up-regulation of HO-1 both on RNA and protein level, whereas HO-1 was barely detectable under basal conditions. RT-PCR indicated the increased presence of HO-1 messenger RNA after 2 hours of incubation with DA, which peaked after 24 hours. The induction of HO-1 antigen was detectable after eight hours, as visualized by Western blot analysis. The addition of the antioxidant agents ascorbic acid and N-acetyl-cysteine both lead to dose-dependent inhibition of DA-mediated HO-1 induction. DA-mediated up-regulation of HO-1 was not influenced by the addition of either the D2-receptor antagonist haloperidol or the D1-receptor antagonist SCH 23390.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We conclude that DA induces the expression of the protective enzyme HO-1 in cultured endothelial cells by an oxidative mechanism. These findings may explain the beneficial effect of DA administration to kidney donors and indicate the potential role of DA in organ preconditioning.
authors: Departments of Nephrology and Endocrinology, Vth Medical Clinic, University Hospital Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany. s.p.berger@lumc.nl
authors: S P
authors: SP
authors: Berger
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Hünger
authors: B A
authors: BA
authors: Yard
authors: P
authors: P
authors: Schnuelle
authors: F J
authors: FJ
authors: Van Der Woude
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology; D001205:Ascorbic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D002316:Cardiotonic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004298:Dopamine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology*; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic / Q000187:drug effects; D006419:Heme Oxygenase (Decyclizing) / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics*; D051547:Heme Oxygenase-1; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D016030:Kidney Transplantation; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D019172:Transplantation Conditioning / Q000379:methods; D014471:Umbilical Veins / Q000166:cytology
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D002316:Cardiotonic Agents; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; C496541:HMOX1 protein, human; D006419:Heme Oxygenase (Decyclizing); D051547:Heme Oxygenase-1; D001205:Ascorbic Acid; D004298:Dopamine