Accuracy and cost-effectiveness of a new strategy to screen for celiac disease in children with Down syndrome.
OBJECTIVE
To investigate the best approach to screen for celiac disease (CD) in patients with Down syndrome (DS).


METHODS
One hundred thirty-seven children with DS were followed up longitudinally. CD screening was offered in 1994, 1996, and 1999 by determination of serum immunoglobulin A-anti-endomysium antibodies (AEA). The HLA-DQA1*0501/DQB1*02 allelic combination known to be strongly positively associated with CD was typed. All IgA-AEA-positive children were given the opportunity to undergo a small bowel biopsy: if villous atrophy was found, the diagnosis of CD was established.


RESULTS
CD was diagnosed in 11 (8%) children: 8 in 1994 and 3 in 1996. All of them carried the HLA-DQ alleles associated with CD. The presence of symptoms was not useful in discriminating which children could have CD.


CONCLUSIONS
Screening once in a lifetime is not enough to detect CD in patients with DS. We propose a new, accurate, and cost-sparing 2-step strategy for screening, based on selection of the individuals with potential CD by HLA-DQ typing and on longitudinal serologic CD screening in this selected group.
Csizmadia
C G
CG
Department of Pediatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
Mearin
M L
ML
Oren
A
A
Kromhout
A
A
Crusius
J B
JB
von Blomberg
B M
BM
Peña
A S
AS
Wiggers
M N
MN
Vandenbroucke
J P
JP
D000483:Alleles; D001284:Atrophy / Q000473:pathology; D001706:Biopsy; D002446:Celiac Disease / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000178:diet therapy; D002648:Child; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D004314:Down Syndrome / Q000150:complications*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005983:Glutens / Q000009:adverse effects; D006683:HLA-DQ Antigens / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D017098:IgA Deficiency / Q000175:diagnosis; D007070:Immunoglobulin A / Q000097:blood; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000097:blood; D007421:Intestine, Small / Q000473:pathology; D008403:Mass Screening / Q000191:economics*; D011503:Transglutaminases / Q000378:metabolism
D006683:HLA-DQ Antigens; D007070:Immunoglobulin A; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D005983:Glutens; D011503:Transglutaminases