title: Antisense-induced exon skipping and synthesis of dystrophin in the mdx mouse.
abstract: Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a severe muscle wasting disease arising from defects in the dystrophin gene, typically nonsense or frameshift mutations, that preclude the synthesis of a functional protein. A milder, allelic version of the disease, Becker muscular dystrophy, generally arises from in-frame deletions that allow synthesis of a shorter but still semifunctional protein. Therapies to introduce functional dystrophin into dystrophic tissue through either cell or gene replacement have not been successful to date. We report an alternative approach where 2'-O-methyl antisense oligoribonucleotides have been used to modify processing of the dystrophin pre-mRNA in the mdx mouse model of DMD. By targeting 2'-O-methyl antisense oligoribonucleotides to block motifs involved in normal dystrophin pre-mRNA splicing, we induced excision of exon 23, and the mdx nonsense mutation, without disrupting the reading frame. Exon 23 skipping was first optimized in vitro in transfected H-2K(b)-tsA58 mdx myoblasts and then induced in vivo. Immunohistochemical staining demonstrated the synthesis and correct subsarcolemmal localization of dystrophin and gamma-sarcoglycan in the mdx mouse after intramuscular delivery of antisense oligoribonucleotide:liposome complexes. This approach should reduce the severity of DMD by allowing a dystrophic gene transcript to be modified, such that it can be translated into a Becker-dystrophin-like protein.
authors: Australian Neuromuscular Research Institute, Centre for Neuromuscular and Neurological Disorders, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6009, Australia.
authors: C J
authors: CJ
authors: Mann
authors: K
authors: K
authors: Honeyman
authors: A J
authors: AJ
authors: Cheng
authors: T
authors: T
authors: Ly
authors: F
authors: F
authors: Lloyd
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Fletcher
authors: J E
authors: JE
authors: Morgan
authors: T A
authors: TA
authors: Partridge
authors: S D
authors: SD
authors: Wilton
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003598:Cytoskeletal Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D016189:Dystrophin / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics*; D005091:Exons / Q000235:genetics*; D019793:Fluorescein; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007273:Injections, Intramuscular; D007438:Introns / Q000235:genetics; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018101:Mice, Inbred mdx; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009132:Muscles / Q000378:metabolism; D020388:Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne / Q000235:genetics* / Q000628:therapy; D020320:Oligoribonucleotides, Antisense / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000235:genetics* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016366:Open Reading Frames / Q000235:genetics; D010714:Phosphatidylethanolamines / Q000378:metabolism; D012322:RNA Precursors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012326:RNA Splicing / Q000235:genetics*; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D049031:Sarcoglycans
chemical_list: D003598:Cytoskeletal Proteins; D016189:Dystrophin; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D020320:Oligoribonucleotides, Antisense; D010714:Phosphatidylethanolamines; D012322:RNA Precursors; D049031:Sarcoglycans; C020888:1,2-dielaidoylphosphatidylethanolamine; D019793:Fluorescein