title: Adjunctive salvage therapy with inhaled aminoglycosides for patients with persistent smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis.
abstract: A proportion of patients with drug-resistant and drug-susceptible tuberculosis (TB) have sputum that is smear and culture positive for Mycobacterium tuberculosis for a prolonged period of time, despite conventional therapy. Among such patients with refractory TB, an unblinded, observational study was undertaken that used conventional TB therapy and adjunctive aerosol aminoglycosides. Patients with persistent smear- and culture-positive sputum for M. tuberculosis (despite > or =2 months of optimal systemic therapy) were selected for adjunctive treatment via inhalation with aminoglycosides, and microbiological responses were monitored. Thirteen of 19 patients converted to smear negativity during the study: 6 of 7 with drug-susceptible TB and 7 of 12 with drug-resistant TB. Among patients with drug-susceptible TB, the median time to sputum conversion was 23 days, a shorter time than for a population of historical control patients. Recurrent infection was not observed. Adjunctive aerosol aminoglycosides may expedite sterilization of sputum among certain patients with refractory TB and diminish the risk of transmission.
authors: Sizwe Tropical Diseases Hospital, Johannesburg, South Africa. SacksL@cder.fda.gov
authors: L V
authors: LV
authors: Sacks
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Pendle
authors: D
authors: D
authors: Orlovic
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Andre
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Popara
authors: G
authors: G
authors: Moore
authors: L
authors: L
authors: Thonell
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Hurwitz
mesh_terms: D000280:Administration, Inhalation; D000328:Adult; D000617:Aminoglycosides; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009169:Mycobacterium tuberculosis / Q000302:isolation & purification; D016879:Salvage Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D013183:Sputum / Q000382:microbiology; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014397:Tuberculosis, Pulmonary / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000382:microbiology
chemical_list: D000617:Aminoglycosides; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents