title: Spontaneous intestinal adenocarcinoma in geriatric macaques (Macaca sp.).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Intestinal adenocarcinoma appears to be the most common malignant neoplasm in macaques, and is a substantial cause of morbidity and mortality in the elderly.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective review of 32 cases was done.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirty-two cases were reviewed. Clinical examination had revealed severe weight loss, anorexia, and palpable abdominal mass. Microcytic hypochromic anemia, intermittent fecal occult blood positive test results, hypoproteinemia, and hypoalbuminemia were the predominant clinical laboratory findings. Carcinoembryogenic antigen serologic testing and single-strand conformational polymorphism analysis were performed in selected cases. The most common sites of the intestinal adenocarcinoma were ileocecal junction, colon, ileum, jejunum, and cecum. Metastases were evident in 34% of the cases and involved peripheral nodes, liver, lungs, pancreas, and adrenal gland. Overall survival of 12 macaques that underwent surgical excision was 83% at 6 months, 58% at 1 year, 50% at 1.5 years, 33% at 2 years, and 8% at 4 years. The overall mean survival rate (MSR) was > 483 postoperative days.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Intestinal adenocarcinomas should be amenable to surgical resection. Early detection of localized, non-invasive neoplasms will increase surgical cure rate. Survivability could be potentially improved by use of adjuvant therapies.
authors: California Regional Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis 95616, USA.
authors: C R
authors: CR
authors: Valverde
authors: R P
authors: RP
authors: Tarara
authors: S M
authors: SM
authors: Griffey
authors: J A
authors: JA
authors: Roberts
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery / Q000662:veterinary*; D000747:Anemia, Hypochromic / Q000662:veterinary; D000818:Animals; D000855:Anorexia / Q000662:veterinary; D002272:Carcinoembryonic Antigen / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D007019:Hypoproteinemia / Q000662:veterinary; D007414:Intestinal Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery / Q000662:veterinary*; D008252:Macaca fascicularis; D008253:Macaca mulatta; D008297:Male; D008992:Monkey Diseases / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D009780:Occult Blood; D018807:Polymorphism, Single-Stranded Conformational; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015996:Survival Rate; D015431:Weight Loss
chemical_list: D002272:Carcinoembryonic Antigen