title: H9N2 subtype influenza A viruses in poultry in pakistan are closely related to the H9N2 viruses responsible for human infection in Hong Kong.
abstract: Following the outbreak of H5N1 "bird flu" in Hong Kong in 1997, the isolation of H9N2 subtype viruses from patients in southern China and Hong Kong SAR once again raised the spectre of a possible influenza pandemic. H9N2 viruses have recently been responsible for disease in poultry in various parts of the world and preliminary studies of the H9 haemagglutinin (HA) genes of viruses isolated during 1998 and 1999 in Germany, Iran, Pakistan, and Saudi Arabia showed a close relationship to the HA genes of the viruses that infected two children in Hong Kong SAR. Analysis of the complete genome of a Pakistan isolate, A/chicken/Pakistan/2/99, showed that it is closely related in all eight genes (97-99% homology) to the human H9N2 isolates and furthermore that the six genes encoding internal components of the virus are similar to the corresponding genes of the H5N1 viruses that caused 6 (out of 18) fatal cases of human infection. Thus H9N2 viruses similar to those that caused human infections in Hong Kong are circulating more widely in other parts of the world. Whether or not these H9N2 viruses also have features that facilitate avian-to-human transmission is not known. Since avian H9N2 viruses are currently perceived to represent a significant threat to human health it is important to determine whether or not viruses of this subtype circulating in poultry in various parts of the world have the potential to infect people.
authors: National Institute for Medical Research, The Ridgeway, Mill Hill, London, NW7 1AA, United Kingdom.
authors: K R
authors: KR
authors: Cameron
authors: V
authors: V
authors: Gregory
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Banks
authors: I H
authors: IH
authors: Brown
authors: D J
authors: DJ
authors: Alexander
authors: A J
authors: AJ
authors: Hay
authors: Y P
authors: YP
authors: Lin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000956:Antigens, Viral / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D004196:Disease Outbreaks / Q000662:veterinary*; D016679:Genome, Viral; D006385:Hemagglutination Inhibition Tests; D006389:Hemagglutinins, Viral / Q000235:genetics; D006723:Hong Kong / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D053127:Influenza A Virus, H9N2 Subtype; D009980:Influenza A virus / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D007251:Influenza, Human / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000635:transmission / Q000821:virology; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010154:Pakistan / Q000453:epidemiology; D010802:Phylogeny; D011200:Poultry; D011201:Poultry Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000635:transmission / Q000821:virology; D020539:Sequence Analysis, Protein; D014764:Viral Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D000956:Antigens, Viral; D006389:Hemagglutinins, Viral; D014764:Viral Proteins