title: Hepatic effects of halothane and isoflurane anesthesia in goats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine hepatic effects of halothane and isoflurane anesthesia in young healthy goats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomized prospective clinical trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  24 healthy 9-month-old female goats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Goats were sedated with xylazine hydrochloride and ketamine hydrochloride and anesthetized with halothane (n = 12) or isoflurane (12) while undergoing tendon surgery. End-tidal halothane and isoflurane concentrations were maintained at 0.9 and 1.2 times the minimal alveolar concentrations, respectively, and ventilation was controlled. Venous blood samples were collected approximately 15 minutes after xylazine was administered and 24 and 48 hours after anesthesia, and serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), sorbitol dehydrogenase (SDH), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) activities and bilirubin concentration were measured. Goats were euthanatized 25 or 62 days after anesthesia, and postmortem liver specimens were submitted for histologic examination.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All goats recovered from anesthesia and survived until euthanasia. Serum SDH, GGT, and ALP activities and bilirubin concentration did not increase after anesthesia, but serum AST activity was significantly increased. However, serum hepatic enzyme activities were within reference limits at all times in all except 1 goat in which serum AST activity was high 24 and 48 hours after anesthesia. This goat had been anesthetized with halothane and had the longest duration of anesthesia. No clinically important abnormalities were seen on histologic examination of liver specimens.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Results suggest that use of halothane or isoflurane for anesthesia in young healthy goats is unlikely to cause hepatic injury.
authors: Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
authors: M M
authors: MM
authors: McEwen
authors: R D
authors: RD
authors: Gleed
authors: J W
authors: JW
authors: Ludders
authors: T
authors: T
authors: Stokol
authors: F
authors: F
authors: Del Piero
authors: H N
authors: HN
authors: Erb
mesh_terms: D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000097:blood; D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000818:Animals; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases / Q000097:blood; D001663:Bilirubin / Q000097:blood; D001794:Blood Pressure; D005260:Female; D006041:Goats / Q000502:physiology* / Q000601:surgery; D006221:Halothane / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006339:Heart Rate; D007530:Isoflurane / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D007064:L-Iditol 2-Dehydrogenase / Q000097:blood; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D005723:gamma-Glutamyltransferase / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation; D007530:Isoflurane; D007064:L-Iditol 2-Dehydrogenase; D005723:gamma-Glutamyltransferase; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase; D001663:Bilirubin; D006221:Halothane