title: Disc degeneration and bone density in monozygotic twins discordant for insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.
abstract: The effects of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus on bone density and connective tissue degeneration have theoretical interest and practical relevance. Several experimental studies in animals have demonstrated the harmful effects of insulin deficiency on connective tissues. However, clinical studies in humans have produced somewhat contradictory results, most likely due to difficulties controlling for general degeneration and factors associated with diabetes. In nine pairs of monozygotic twins discordant for insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, we compared femoral and lumbar bone mineral density (assessed by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry) and spinal degeneration (assessed by magnetic resonance imaging). The bone densities were, on average, 0.1-0.3% lower (p = 0.87-0.96) in diabetic patients. However, after controlling for smoking, we found that the bone density in the femoral neck was 2.5% (0.025 g/cm2) lower in diabetic individuals than in their twins (p = 0.09). The five magnetic resonance imaging parameters used to evaluate disc degeneration did not differ between diabetic patients and their twins. In conclusion, our results provide no evidence that insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus has any major effect on bone density or disc degeneration.
authors: Faculty of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada. tapio.videman@ualberta.ca
authors: T
authors: T
authors: Videman
authors: M C
authors: MC
authors: Battié
authors: L E
authors: LE
authors: Gibbons
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Kaprio
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Koskenvuo
authors: P
authors: P
authors: Kannus
authors: R
authors: R
authors: Raininko
authors: H
authors: H
authors: Manninen
mesh_terms: D015502:Absorptiometry, Photon; D000328:Adult; D015519:Bone Density; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004200:Diseases in Twins; D005260:Female; D005269:Femur / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007403:Intervertebral Disc / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D007405:Intervertebral Disc Displacement / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008159:Lumbar Vertebrae / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D014430:Twins, Monozygotic