The effects of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor and neutrophil recruitment on the pulmonary chemokine response to intratracheal endotoxin.
Although G-CSF has been shown to increase neutrophil (polymorphonuclear leukocyte, PMN) recruitment into the lung during pulmonary infection, relatively little is known about the local chemokine profiles associated with this enhanced PMN delivery. We investigated the effects of G-CSF and PMN recruitment on the pulmonary chemokine response to intratracheal LPS. Rats pretreated twice daily for 2 days with an s.c. injection of G-CSF (50 microg/kg) were sacrificed at either 90 min or 4 h after intratracheal LPS (100 microg) challenge. Pulmonary recruitment of PMNs was not observed at 90 min post LPS challenge. Macrophage inflammatory protein-2 (MIP-2) and cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant (CINC) concentrations in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid were similar in animals pretreated with or without G-CSF at this time. G-CSF pretreatment enhanced pulmonary recruitment of PMNs (5-fold) and greatly reduced MIP-2 and CINC levels in BAL fluid at 4 h after LPS challenge. In vitro, the presence of MIP-2 and CINC after LPS stimulation of alveolar macrophages was decreased by coculturing with circulating PMNs but not G-CSF. G-CSF had no direct effect on LPS-induced MIP-2 and CINC mRNA expression by alveolar macrophages. Pulmonary recruited PMNs showed a significant increase in cell-associated MIP-2 and CINC. Cell-associated MIP-2 and CINC of circulating PMNs were markedly increased after exposure of these cells to the BAL fluid of LPS-challenged lungs. These data suggest that recruited PMNs are important cells in modulating the local chemokine response. G-CSF augments PMN recruitment and, thereby, lowers local chemokine levels, which may be one mechanism resulting in the subsidence of the host proinflammatory response.
Zhang
P
P
Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112.
Bagby
G J
GJ
Kolls
J K
JK
Welsh
D A
DA
Summer
W R
WR
Andresen
J
J
Nelson
S
S
D000818:Animals; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D054360:Chemokine CXCL1; D054426:Chemokine CXCL2; D018925:Chemokines / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D019743:Chemokines, CXC / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D002630:Chemotactic Factors / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D018920:Coculture Techniques; D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006133:Growth Substances / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D007279:Injections, Subcutaneous; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D007442:Intubation, Intratracheal; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008168:Lung / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D016676:Macrophages, Alveolar / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D020556:Neutrophil Infiltration / Q000276:immunology*; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley
D054360:Chemokine CXCL1; D054426:Chemokine CXCL2; D018925:Chemokines; D019743:Chemokines, CXC; D002630:Chemotactic Factors; C475895:Cxcl1 protein, mouse; C513297:Cxcl1 protein, rat; C404915:Cxcl2 protein, mouse; C513296:Cxcl2 protein, rat; D006133:Growth Substances; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor