title: Twenty-four hour, non-invasive, neonatal chromosome analysis--application in a case of mixed gonadal dysgenesis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  With the advent of interphase molecular fluorescent in-situ hybridisation (FISH), buccal mucosa can be used to provide an highly accurate assessment of those chromosomes most commonly causing abnormality in live-born children.
  
  
  METHODS
  A newborn child presented with ambiguous genitalia. The phallus-looking enlarged "clitoris" had a urethral opening at the ventral surface near the tip and the "labial" folds were completely fused. No definite gonads were palpable. Differential diagnostic possibilities included sex chromosome or a single gene abnormality such as congenital adrenal hyperplasia. Thus, one initial objective was to investigate the sex chromosomes. Buccal mucosa was used in conjunction with fluorescent molecular probes for the X and Y. This methodology enabled a firm diagnosis of a 45,X/46,XY mosiac to be made within 24 hours. Decisions could then be made concerning gender assignment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Intervention by means of reconstructive surgery of the external genitalia would be made available at a later date.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The use of buccal mucosa is non-invasive, easy to obtain and, when combined with molecular techniques, is reliable and accurate. The clinical implication of this methodology is that it will be especially useful in gender assignment or when rapid decisions on live-saving surgery have to be made in cases of possible aneuploidy.
authors: Parkway Laboratories Services, Gleneagles Hospital, 6A Napier Road, Singapore 258500.
authors: R
authors: R
authors: Quaife
authors: S H
authors: SH
authors: Leong
authors: C L
authors: CL
authors: Yip
authors: K H
authors: KH
authors: Chan
mesh_terms: D020732:Cytogenetic Analysis; D005260:Female; D006060:Gonadal Dysgenesis, Mixed / Q000175:diagnosis*; D006801:Humans; D017404:In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007621:Karyotyping; D009030:Mosaicism; D009061:Mouth Mucosa / Q000166:cytology