title: [Metastases in malignant melanoma despite histologically negative  sentinel lymph node: should the concept be changed?].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The Sentinel Lymph Node (SLN) is of considerable prognostic relevance, because extended lymph node dissection may not be performed in patients presenting with histologically negative SLN. The aim of the present study was to prove the prognostic value of the SLN-concept in these patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  So far the clinical follow-up of 162 patients with histologically proven malignant melanoma and metastatically uninvolved (negative) SLN was investigated. Histological examination included standard methods (HE-Test) and special histochemical techniques (S-100, HMB-45). All patients underwent clinical examination, ultrasonic diagnosis of the regional lymph nodes, and x-ray of the chest every 3 months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Despite of negative SLN-findings in 8/162 patients metastases of the malignant melanoma were found after a time period of 5-27 months. Three patients presented with recurrence in the previously mapped (negative) SLN-basin. In another case the scintigraphically visualized SLN could not be identified intraoperatively by means of the hand-held gamma probe. One patient showed intransit-metastases or skin-metastases, respectively; another patient recurred in the scar area. One patient showed hematogenic dissemination (liver) which is not detectable by lymphoscintigraphy; in another patient metastases were found outside the primary lymphatic basin (cervical).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In our patient group 4.9% presented with metastases despite negative SLN while published data report up to 11% (observation period 35 months), among them only 3 patients (1.9%) being real concept failures. Our results underline that there is no evidence to change this concept in patients with clinically early stage.
authors: Klinik und Poliklinik für Nuklearmedizin, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Deutschland. mayo.weiss@nuk.med.uni-muenchen.de
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Weiss
authors: B
authors: B
authors: Konz
authors: M H
authors: MH
authors: Schmid-Wendtner
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Sander
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Dresel
authors: K
authors: K
authors: Tatsch
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Volkenandt
authors: K
authors: K
authors: Hahn
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005188:False Negative Reactions; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008545:Melanoma / Q000473:pathology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D021701:Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy; D013997:Time Factors