title: Increased prevalence of celiac disease in girls with Turner syndrome detected using antibodies to endomysium and tissue transglutaminase.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To establish the prevalence of celiac disease (CD) in girls with Turner syndrome (TS) in British Columbia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-five girls with TS were prospectively screened for CD using blinded testing with the current 'gold standard' - immunoglobulin A (IgA) endomysium antibody (EmA) and the novel IgA tissue transglutaminase antibody (tTG). Those with positive results were offered small bowel biopsies, and a gluten-free diet was recommended if CD was confirmed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One asymptomatic prepubertal East Indian girl was positive for EmA, had an elevated tTG concentration of 560 U/mL and histological evidence of CD. Seven girls were negative for EmA but had elevated tTG concentrations (175 to 250 U/mL); five were white, one was Asian and one was East Indian. Small bowel biopsies were performed on three girls, and the histologies were normal. The remaining four patients declined biopsy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  One girl with TS was identified with CD from 45 screened, giving an overall biopsy-confirmed prevalence of 2.2%. This study confirms previous observations placing girls with TS at higher risk for CD and suggests a similar high prevalence in British Columbia.
authors: British Columbia's Children's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada.
authors: P M
authors: PM
authors: Gillett
authors: H R
authors: HR
authors: Gillett
authors: D M
authors: DM
authors: Israel
authors: D L
authors: DL
authors: Metzger
authors: L
authors: L
authors: Stewart
authors: J P
authors: JP
authors: Chanoine
authors: H J
authors: HJ
authors: Freeman
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000906:Antibodies; D001955:British Columbia / Q000453:epidemiology; D002446:Celiac Disease / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007070:Immunoglobulin A / Q000276:immunology*; D018485:Muscle Fibers, Skeletal / Q000276:immunology*; D015995:Prevalence; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011503:Transglutaminases / Q000276:immunology*; D014424:Turner Syndrome / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000906:Antibodies; D007070:Immunoglobulin A; D011503:Transglutaminases