title: Expression of peptides and other neurochemical markers in hypothalamus and olfactory bulb of mice devoid of all known thyroid hormone receptors.
abstract: We have investigated with histochemical techniques the expression of peptides and other neurochemical markers in the hypothalamus and olfactory bulb of male mice, in which the genes encoding the alpha and beta thyroid hormone receptors (TRalpha1, TRbeta1 and TRbeta2) have been deleted. Thyrotropin-releasing hormone messenger RNA levels were increased in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus and in the medullary raphe nuclei of mutant mice lacking the thyroid hormone receptors alpha1 and beta (alpha1(-/-)beta(-/-)), as compared to wild-type mice. In contrast, galanin messenger RNA levels were lower in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus of mutant animals, as was galanin-like immunoreactivity in the internal layer of the median eminence. Substance P messenger RNA levels were unchanged in the medullary raphe nuclei. Thyrotropin-releasing hormone receptor messenger RNA levels were increased in motoneurons, unchanged in the subiculum, and lower in the amygdala of mutant animals. Galanin messenger RNA levels were unchanged in the hypothalamic dorsomedial and arcuate nuclei of the thyroid hormone receptor alpha1(-/-)beta(-/-) mice, as was the immunocytochemistry for oxytocin and for vasopressin in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus. A reduction in tyrosine hydroxylase messenger RNA levels was found in the arcuate nucleus of mutant mice. In the olfactory bulb, immunohistochemistry for calbindin and for tyrosine hydroxylase revealed a reduction in the intensity of labeling of nerve processes in the glomerular layer of thyroid hormone receptor alpha1(-/-)beta(-/-) mice. The tyrosine hydroxylase messenger RNA levels were also slightly reduced. In contrast, the levels of galanin and neuropeptide Y messenger RNA in this region were unchanged in thyroid hormone receptor alpha1(-/-)beta(-/-) mice as compared to wild-type mice. Together these studies reveal many regional and neurochemically selective alterations in neuronal phenotype of mice devoid of all known thyroid hormone receptors.
authors: Department of Veterinary Morphophysiology and Animal Production (DIMORFIPA), University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064 Ozzano Emilia, Bologna, Italy. lcalza@vet.unibo.it
authors: L
authors: L
authors: Calzà
authors: D
authors: D
authors: Forrest
authors: B
authors: B
authors: Vennström
authors: T
authors: T
authors: Hökfelt
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers; D019004:Galanin / Q000235:genetics; D007031:Hypothalamus / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D008815:Mice, Inbred Strains; D018345:Mice, Knockout / Q000235:genetics; D009479:Neuropeptides / Q000378:metabolism*; D009830:Olfactory Bulb / Q000378:metabolism*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D011988:Receptors, Thyroid Hormone / Q000172:deficiency* / Q000235:genetics; D018025:Receptors, Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone / Q000235:genetics; D013973:Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone / Q000235:genetics; D014446:Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D009479:Neuropeptides; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D011988:Receptors, Thyroid Hormone; D018025:Receptors, Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone; D013973:Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone; D019004:Galanin; D014446:Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase