title: Normative values for female genital sensation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Neurologic disorders might be responsible for many cases of female sexual dysfunction. Yet, they are currently undiagnosed because of the lack of measurement tools to assess genital neural function. Therefore, our objective is to provide norms for sensory thresholds in the vagina and clitoris, for a wide range of patient ages.
  
  
  METHODS
  Vaginal and clitoral warm, cold, and vibratory sensory thresholds were measured in 89 healthy paid volunteers by the method of limits. Normograms were derived from this group of healthy volunteers. An additional 61 patients were also tested, for a total of 150 individuals. Sixty-two individuals (42 healthy volunteers and 20 patients) from the total group were tested twice to provide test-to-test repeatability data across the range of clinical (normal and abnormal) responses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Normograms are presented, providing age-corrected upper and lower normal values, expressed as 95% confidence limits for warm, cold, and vibratory thresholds. Intertest repeatability is also reported.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Thermal and vibratory thresholds of both the vaginal and clitoral region are clinically feasible, valid, and repeatable. These can be applied as a valuable diagnostic tool to assess neural dysfunction through sensory assessment of the female genitalia.
authors: Neuro-Urology Unit, Rambam Medical Center and Technion Faculty of Medicine, Haifa, Israel.
authors: Y
authors: Y
authors: Vardi
authors: I
authors: I
authors: Gruenwald
authors: E
authors: E
authors: Sprecher
authors: I
authors: I
authors: Gertman
authors: D
authors: D
authors: Yartnitsky
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D002987:Clitoris / Q000502:physiology; D004056:Differential Threshold / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D005836:Genitalia, Female / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D010812:Physical Stimulation; D011601:Psychophysics / Q000379:methods; D012016:Reference Values; D012677:Sensation / Q000502:physiology*; D012684:Sensory Thresholds / Q000502:physiology; D012737:Sex Factors; D012735:Sexual Dysfunction, Physiological / Q000175:diagnosis; D020018:Sexual Dysfunctions, Psychological / Q000175:diagnosis; D013697:Thermosensing / Q000502:physiology; D014621:Vagina / Q000502:physiology; D014732:Vibration