title: Selective light-induced modulation of bcl-XL and bax expressions in indocyanine green-loaded U937 cells: effects of continuous or intermittent photo-sensitization with low IR-light using a 805-nm diode laser.
abstract: The present study is concerned with the effects of an IR diode laser source emitting at 805 nm on a human leukaemic cell strain from a histiocytic lymphoma (U937) pre-loaded with the dye indocyanine green (ICG). The first aim of this work was the assessment of the earliest cellular defense events occurring upon ICG photosensitization. To this purpose, photosensitization was performed at low ICG concentration and low light energy density. The second aim was the comparative evaluation of the effects produced by continuous or fragmented irradiation. Independent of the irradiation method employed (continuous or fragmented), we could demonstrate that cells are forced to apoptosis, as indicated by the appearance in cell extracts of the 85-kDa proteolytic fragment of the poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase (PARP). This proteolysis, however, could be entirely prevented by a specific Caspase-3 inhibitor benzyloxycarbonyl-Asp-Glu-Val-Asp-fluoromethylketone (Z-DEVD-fmk). Indeed the only perceptible change in the expression of pro/antiapoptotic proteins produced by continuous photostimulation was a small, albeit reproducible, increase in Bax. In contrast, when the photostimulation was achieved by means of several consecutive pulses, we observed not only a remarkable increase in Bax but also a noticeable abatement in Bcl-XL expression. The potential involvement of singlet oxygen in this process has been directly demonstrated by ICG photo-mediated oxidation of dithiothreitol in water. It has also been demonstrated that this oxidation is apparently more efficient when ICG is photostimulated by light pulses.
authors: Dipartimento di Biologia e Patologia Cellulare e Molecolare Luigi Califano and CEOS-CNR, University of Naples, Italy.
authors: L
authors: L
authors: Varriale
authors: E
authors: E
authors: Crescenzi
authors: V
authors: V
authors: Paba
authors: B M
authors: BM
authors: di Celso
authors: G
authors: G
authors: Palumbo
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D004229:Dithiothreitol / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D007208:Indocyanine Green / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007259:Infrared Rays; D007834:Lasers; D017319:Photosensitizing Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011065:Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases / Q000378:metabolism; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / Q000378:metabolism*; D020298:U937 Cells; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein; D051020:bcl-X Protein
chemical_list: C494826:BAX protein, human; C494811:BCL2L1 protein, human; D017319:Photosensitizing Agents; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein; D051020:bcl-X Protein; D011065:Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases; D007208:Indocyanine Green; D004229:Dithiothreitol