title: High-b-value diffusion-weighted MR imaging of adult brain: image contrast and apparent diffusion coefficient map features.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Recent improvements in MR gradient technology allow significant increases in diffusion weighting without prohibitive signal-to-noise degradation. The purpose of our investigation was to establish normative references for the signal intensity characteristics and apparent diffusion coefficient values of the adult brain at high b values.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty adults underwent diffusion-weighted single-shot spin-echo echo-planar MR imaging. Isotropic diffusion-weighted images were obtained with b values of 0, 1,000, 2,000, 2,500, 3,000, and 3,500 s/mm2. Qualitative assessments were made in multiple regions of interest in gray and white matter. Three apparent diffusion coefficient maps were generated for each of six patients with a 2-point technique at a b value of 0 and at b values of 1,000, 2,000, and 3,000 s/mm2.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Increasing b values result in a progressive decrease in the gray to white matter signal intensity ratio. Isointensity between gray and white matter results at b values between 1,000 and 2,000 s/mm2. At b values greater than 2,000, the gray-white pattern reverses relative to the usual b value of 1,000. Apparent diffusion coefficient values were shown to decrease with increasing b values.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Attention to the reversal of gray-white contrast and the dependence of apparent diffusion coefficient on the b value are important in avoiding erroneous assignment of pathologic abnormalities to normal regions. This study provides the normative data for future diffusion investigations performed at high b values.
authors: Michigan State University, Department of Radiology, East Lansing 48824, USA.
authors: M C
authors: MC
authors: DeLano
authors: T G
authors: TG
authors: Cooper
authors: J E
authors: JE
authors: Siebert
authors: M J
authors: MJ
authors: Potchen
authors: K
authors: K
authors: Kuppusamy
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001921:Brain / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D001931:Brain Mapping; D017352:Echo-Planar Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged