title: Stabilizing effect of chemical additives against oxidation of lactate dehydrogenase.
abstract: Oxidation is one of the major pathways for denaturation of proteins during storage, and also a potential problem in protein production, isolation and purification processes. In this study, a number of additives have been tested for their protective effects against oxidation in the presence of metal ions and hydrogen peroxide. Porcine muscle lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) was used as a model protein. Oxidation and denaturation of the enzyme were followed as activity loss, modification of certain amino acids, altered secondary structure and aggregation. Loss of activity during metal-catalysed oxidation was accompanied by structural damage of the enzyme, which was not the case during oxidation with peroxide. The best protectant during both modes of oxidation was found to be the polycation, poly(ethyleneimine) (PEI), followed by EDTA. Both chemicals also increased the enzyme's half-life during oxidation with a mixture of copper ions and hydrogen peroxide. Ammonium sulphate was an effective stabilizer during metal-catalysed oxidation, while sorbitol, sucrose and hydroxyectoine provided moderate stabilization. The ectoine was also stabilizing against oxidation with hydrogen peroxide, as was poly(ethylene glycol), whereas sorbitol enhanced the rate of enzyme inactivation. The stability of LDH towards denaturation by both oxidation and temperature was increased by addition of both PEI and sorbitol, as indicated by the melting-temperature profiles of the enzyme.
authors: Department of Biotechnology, Center for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, S-221 00 Lund, Sweden. Maria.Andersson@biotek.lu.se
authors: M M
authors: MM
authors: Andersson
authors: J D
authors: JD
authors: Breccia
authors: R
authors: R
authors: Hatti-Kaul
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002942:Circular Dichroism; D003300:Copper / Q000494:pharmacology; D004795:Enzyme Stability / Q000187:drug effects; D005079:Excipients / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005453:Fluorescence; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers / Q000378:metabolism; D006207:Half-Life; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000494:pharmacology; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D009124:Muscle Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D016877:Oxidants / Q000494:pharmacology; D010100:Oxygen / Q000378:metabolism; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols / Q000494:pharmacology; D011094:Polyethyleneimine / Q000494:pharmacology; D011489:Protein Denaturation / Q000187:drug effects; D013012:Sorbitol / Q000494:pharmacology; D013438:Sulfhydryl Compounds / Q000378:metabolism; D013552:Swine; D013696:Temperature; D014364:Tryptophan / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D005079:Excipients; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D009124:Muscle Proteins; D016877:Oxidants; D013438:Sulfhydryl Compounds; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; D013012:Sorbitol; D003300:Copper; D014364:Tryptophan; D011094:Polyethyleneimine; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; D010100:Oxygen