title: Direct interactions of the five known Fanconi anaemia proteins suggest a common functional pathway.
abstract: Fanconi anaemia (FA) is an autosomal recessive inherited disorder associated with a progressive aplastic anaemia, diverse congenital abnormalities and cancer. The condition is genetically heterogeneous, with at least seven complementation groups (A-G) described. Cells from individuals who are homozygous for mutations in FA genes are characterized by chromosomal instability and hypersensitivity to DNA interstrand crosslinking agents. These features suggest a possible role for the encoded proteins in the recognition or repair of these lesions, but neither their function nor whether they operate in a concerted or discrete functional pathways is known. The recent cloning of the FANCF and FANCE genes has allowed us to investigate the interaction of the proteins encoded by five of the seven complementation groups of FA. We used the yeast two-hybrid system and co-immunoprecipitation analysis to test the 10 possible pairs of proteins for direct interaction. In addition to the previously described binding of FANCA to FANCG, we now demonstrate direct interaction of FANCF with FANCG, of FANCC with FANCE and a weaker interaction of FANCE with both FANCA and FANCG. These findings show that the newly identified FANCE protein is an integral part of the FA pathway, and support the concept of a functional link between all known proteins encoded by the genes that are mutated in this disorder. These proteins may act either as a multimeric complex or by sequential recruitment of subsets of the proteins in a common pathway that protects the genomic integrity of mammalian cells.
authors.affiliation: Division of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Guy's, King's and St Thomas' School of Medicine, 8th Floor, Guy's Tower, Guy's Hospital, London SE1 9RT, UK.
authors.forename: A L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Medhurst
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Huber
authors.forename: Q
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Waisfisz
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: de Winter
authors.forename: C G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Mathew
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D005199:Fanconi Anemia / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D052217:Fanconi Anemia Complementation Group A Protein; D052218:Fanconi Anemia Complementation Group C Protein; D052219:Fanconi Anemia Complementation Group F Protein; D051856:Fanconi Anemia Complementation Group Proteins; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D011233:Precipitin Tests; D011485:Protein Binding / Q000235:genetics; D011506:Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000235:genetics*; D020798:Two-Hybrid System Techniques
chemical_list: D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; C498471:FANCA protein, human; C497651:FANCC protein, human; C499901:FANCF protein, human; C120277:Fanca protein, mouse; C497652:Fancc protein, mouse; D052217:Fanconi Anemia Complementation Group A Protein; D052218:Fanconi Anemia Complementation Group C Protein; D052219:Fanconi Anemia Complementation Group F Protein; D051856:Fanconi Anemia Complementation Group Proteins; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D011506:Proteins; D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins