title: Comparison of the stress response after laparoscopic and open cholecystectomy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We designed a prospective controlled animal study to compare the stress response induced after laparoscopic and open cholecystectomy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twelve female pigs (20-25 kg body weight) were anesthetized with ketamine, pentobarbital, and fentanyl. The animals were randomized into the following four groups: control (C), pneumoperitoneum with CO(2) at 14-15 mmHg (P), laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC), and open cholecystectomy (OC). The average duration of the procedure in each group was 35 min.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Central venous pressure, mean arterial pressure, pulmonary capillary wedge pressure, and cardiac output were monitored. Measurements were recorded when animals were anesthetized (baseline), immediately before and after surgery, and thereafter every 30 min for a maximum of 3 h. White blood cell count (WBC) was determined from blood samples taken before and after 3 h of surgery. Ultrasound-guided liver biopsies were done preoperatively and after 3 h of surgery. Total RNA was isolated from the liver biopsy specimens. Steady-state mRNA levels of beta-fibrinogen (beta-fib), alpha 1-chymotrypsin inhibitor (alpha1-CTI), metallothionein (MT), heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70), and polyubiquitin (Ub) were detected by Northern blot/hybridization. There were no statistical differences in the hemodynamic parameters among the groups. The number of circulating neutrophils and monocytes decreased only after LC. Expression of Hsp70 was not induced after any surgical procedure, and the mRNA levels of Ub did not change after surgery. The expression of alpha1-CTI and beta-fib (acute phase genes) were similarly increased after LC and OC. Steady-state mRNA levels of MT were slightly increased after P and LC but not after OC.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data indicate that there are no significant differences between LC and OC in terms of induction of the stress response.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pediatric Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mendoza-Sagaon
authors.forename: E J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Hanly
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Talamini
authors.forename: M F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Kutka
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Gitzelmann
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Herreman-Suquet
authors.forename: B F
authors.initials: BF
authors.lastname: Poulose
authors.forename: C N
authors.initials: CN
authors.lastname: Paidas
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: De Maio
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D015152:Blotting, Northern / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D002763:Cholecystectomy / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D017081:Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D006439:Hemodynamics; D008099:Liver / Q000737:chemistry; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000209:etiology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012313:RNA / Q000032:analysis / Q000302:isolation & purification; D011897:Random Allocation; D013312:Stress, Physiological / Q000209:etiology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D013552:Swine; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D012313:RNA