Plant sterols and risk of stomach cancer: a case-control study in Uruguay.
In 1997-1999, 120 incident and histologically verified cases of stomach cancer were frequency matched on age, gender, residence, and urban/rural status with 360 controls to study the role of diet in gastric cancer in Uruguay. We focused on the role of plant sterols (beta-sitosterol, campesterol, stigmasterol, and total plant sterols) after controlling for major confounders. Total phytosterols were associated with a strong inverse relationship with stomach cancer (odds ratio of stomach cancer for total phytosterol intake in the highest tertile = 0.33, 95% confidence interval = 0.17-0.65). Joint exposure to high intake of total phytosterol and alpha-carotene was also inversely associated with gastric cancer risk (odds ratio = 0.09, 95% confidence interval = 0.02-0.32). High intake of total plant sterols explained most of the attenuation in risk of gastric cancer associated with vegetable and fruit intakes.
De Stefani
E
E
Registro Nacional de Cáncer, Montevideo, Uruguay.
Boffetta
P
P
Ronco
A L
AL
Brennan
P
P
Deneo-Pellegrini
H
H
Carzoglio
J C
JC
Mendilaharsu
M
M
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016588:Anticarcinogenic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004032:Diet; D005260:Female; D005638:Fruit; D006801:Humans; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D010840:Phytosterols / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D012307:Risk Factors; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014583:Uruguay / Q000453:epidemiology; D014675:Vegetables
D016588:Anticarcinogenic Agents; D010840:Phytosterols