title: Natural killer cell-dependent suppression of systemic spread of human lung adenocarcinoma cells by monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 gene transfection in severe combined immunodeficient mice.
abstract: Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) is a chemokine with various biological activities, including augmentation of cytotoxic activity of monocytes and natural killer (NK) cells. The present study was undertaken to determine whether transfection of the MCP-1 gene into lung cancer cells affected their tumorigenicity and metastatic potential by the NK cell-mediated mechanism. The human MCP-1 gene inserted into an expression vector (BCMGSNeo) was transfected into human lung adenocarcinoma (PC-14) cells. There was no difference in in vitro proliferation between MCP-1 gene-transfected PC-14 cells and the parent cells or mock-transfected cells. The tumorigenicity and in vivo tumor growth of MCP-1 gene-transfected PC-14 cells were similar to those of the parent cells or mock-transfected cells when tumor cells were injected into the s.c. space of NK cell-intact severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice. Although parent cells and mock-transfected cells inoculated i.v. formed lung metastatic colonies and pleural effusion, MCP-1 gene transfectants reduced the systemic spread in NK cell-intact SCID mice. Interestingly, these modulations in a systemic spread by MCP-1 gene transfection were not observed in NK cell-depleted SCID mice. Decreased survival of MCP-1 gene transfectants in the lung was observed in NK cell-intact SCID mice but not in NK cell-depleted SCID mice. Recombinant MCP-1 or the supernatant of MCP-1 gene transfectants enhanced the cytotoxicity of human CD56+ NK cells and spleen cells of SCID mice against PC-14 cells. These findings suggest that locally produced MCP-1 suppresses tumor progression by a NK cell-mediated mechanism, depending on organ microenvironment.
authors.affiliation: Third Department of Internal Medicine, University of Tokushima School of Medicine, Japan.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nokihara
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yanagawa
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nishioka
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yano
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mukaida
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Matsushima
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sone
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000276:immunology*; D000818:Animals; D015152:Blotting, Northern; D019002:CD56 Antigen / Q000378:metabolism; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D018932:Chemokine CCL2 / Q000235:genetics*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D005822:Genetic Vectors; D006801:Humans; D007694:Killer Cells, Natural / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology*; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000276:immunology*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D016513:Mice, SCID; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009368:Neoplasm Transplantation; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D013154:Spleen / Q000166:cytology; D013997:Time Factors; D014162:Transfection; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D019002:CD56 Antigen; D018932:Chemokine CCL2; D011994:Recombinant Proteins