Bactericidal activities of two daptomycin regimens against clinical strains of glycopeptide intermediate-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium, and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates in an in vitro pharmacodynamic model with simulated endocardial vegetations.
Daptomycin is an investigational lipopeptide antibiotic active against gram-positive organisms. The mechanism of action is unique, resulting in interference with cell membrane transport. The bactericidal activity of daptomycin was evaluated against glycopeptide-intermediate susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (GISA), vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium (VREF), and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) in an in vitro infection model with simulated endocardial vegetations. Simulated regimens of daptomycin at 6 mg/kg/day (D6) and 10 mg/kg/day (D10) were utilized. MICs and MBCs for daptomycin were determined in the absence and in the presence of albumin with the following results (MIC/MBC): for GISA-992, 0.5/1.0 and 16/16; for VREF-590, 2.0/2.0 and 32/32; and for MRSA-494, 0.25/0.25 and 1.0/4.0 microg/ml, respectively. During the first 8 h daptomycin significantly reduced the inoculum for all organisms. Daptomycin at 6 mg/kg/day and 10 mg/kg/day had log(10) CFU/g reductions of 5 and 6, 3.4 and 5, and 6.4 and 6.5 by 8 h for GISA-992, VREF-590, and MRSA-494, respectively. Against both GISA-992 and VREF-590, the D10 regimen achieved the limit of detection at 72 h, with D6 regimens showing slight regrowth. A concentration-dependent killing effect was noted to occur, with daptomycin demonstrating a more rapid and greater kill from the D10 versus the D6 regimen. The results of this study suggest that daptomycin demonstrates significant (P < 0.05) activity against gram-positive organisms in a simulated sequestered infection site.
Akins
R L
RL
The Anti-Infective Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy Services, Detroit Receiving Hospital and University Health Center, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201, USA.
Rybak
M J
MJ
D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017576:Daptomycin / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004352:Drug Resistance, Microbial; D004697:Endocarditis, Bacterial / Q000382:microbiology*; D016984:Enterococcus faecium / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D006207:Half-Life; D016106:Methicillin Resistance / Q000235:genetics*; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D008954:Models, Biological; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000254:growth & development; D014640:Vancomycin / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D020713:Vancomycin Resistance
D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D014640:Vancomycin; D017576:Daptomycin