title: Protease inhibitor therapy in HIV-infected children.
abstract: We reviewed the short-term response to and safety of protease inhibitor (PI) therapy in HIV-infected children by performing a retrospective chart review of open-label PI containing combination therapy at two urban pediatric HIV centers. Seventy HIV-infected children received 101 PI containing antiretroviral therapy (ART) combinations. Main outcome measures were follow-up CD4 counts, viral loads, and patient or caregiver reported compliance. During follow-up, treatment with PI ART was associated with a mean maximal increase in CD4+ lymphocyte count of 454 x 10(6)/L and a mean maximal decrease in viral load of 1.76 log units. Of the 32 patients who achieved undetectable viral loads, 28 (87.5%) remained undetectable through a mean follow-up of 8.9 months. Patients who reported good compliance achieved a higher rate of response (92.6%) than those who reported poor compliance (61.5%). Of 14 changes made to a second PI because of treatment failure, 11 (78.6%) resulted in a positive response to the second regimen. Nineteen of 101 courses of PI therapy resulted in significant side effects, including renal complications in 8 of 21 patients treated with indinavir. PI ART was associated with substantial short-term improvement in immunological and virological parameters in this heavily pretreated cohort, with 40% of patients maintaining an undetectable viral load after 9 months of therapy. Patients who failed one PI regimen usually responded to a second regimen. There was a significant rate of side effects from PI treatment.
authors.affiliation: The Children's Regional Hospital, Camden, New Jersey 08103, USA. Feingold-Anat@Cooperhealth.edu
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Feingold
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Rutstein
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Meislich
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: B J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Rudy
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000367:Age Factors; D023241:Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active / Q000379:methods; D018791:CD4 Lymphocyte Count; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D016049:Didanosine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology / Q000523:psychology / Q000821:virology; D017320:HIV Protease Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D019259:Lamivudine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D019888:Nelfinavir / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010349:Patient Compliance / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018119:Stavudine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D019562:Viral Load; D015215:Zidovudine / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D017320:HIV Protease Inhibitors; D019259:Lamivudine; D015215:Zidovudine; D018119:Stavudine; D019888:Nelfinavir; D016049:Didanosine