Fast removal of synaptic glutamate by postsynaptic transporters.
Glutamate transporters are believed to remove glutamate from the synaptic cleft only slowly because they cycle slowly. However, we show that when glutamate binds to postsynaptic transporters at the cerebellar climbing fiber synapse, it evokes a conformation change and inward current that reflect glutamate removal from the synaptic cleft within a few milliseconds, a time scale much faster than the overall cycle time. Contrary to present models, glutamate removal does not require binding of an extracellular proton, and the time course of transporter anion conductance activation differs from that of glutamate removal. The charge movement associated with glutamate removal is consistent with the majority of synaptically released glutamate being removed from the synaptic cleft by postsynaptic transporters.
Auger
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Department of Physiology, University  College London, United Kingdom.
Attwell
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D018528:ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters / Q000378:metabolism*; D027322:Amino Acid Transport System X-AG; D000818:Animals; D000838:Anions / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000378:metabolism; D002586:Cesium / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D018691:Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D019706:Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials / Q000187:drug effects; D050491:Glutamate Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins; D018698:Glutamic Acid / Q000378:metabolism*; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D017136:Ion Transport / Q000187:drug effects; D008564:Membrane Potentials / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D009475:Neurons, Afferent / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D018408:Patch-Clamp Techniques; D011188:Potassium / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D011689:Purkinje Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D018091:Receptors, AMPA / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D017470:Receptors, Glutamate / Q000378:metabolism; D012964:Sodium / Q000378:metabolism; D027981:Symporters; D013569:Synapses / Q000378:metabolism*; D013696:Temperature
D018528:ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters; D027322:Amino Acid Transport System X-AG; D000838:Anions; D018691:Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; D050491:Glutamate Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins; D018091:Receptors, AMPA; D017470:Receptors, Glutamate; D027981:Symporters; D002586:Cesium; D018698:Glutamic Acid; D012964:Sodium; D011188:Potassium