title: Expression and function of angiotensin converting enzyme, chymase, and angiotensin II in the human radial artery and internal thoracic artery.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The potential role of the local renin-angiotensin system to differentially affect radial artery and internal thoracic artery graft performance has not been examined.
  
  
  METHODS
  Contractile responses to angiotensin I and II in the radial artery and the internal thoracic artery were examined in vitro. The expression function, and localization of angiotensin receptors, angiotensin converting enzyme, and chymase were studied in radial artery and internal thoracic artery segments.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Angiotensin I and II contractions were significantly greater (p < 0.05) in the radial artery compared to the internal thoracic artery. In both arteries, angiotensin II responses were mediated via the AT1 receptor. Messenger RNA transcripts for angiotensin-converting enzyme and chymase were detected in both arteries. Angiotensin-converting enzyme was localized to luminal and vaso vasorum endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells in both vessels, while chymase was colocalized with mast cells in adventitial and medial layers. An angiotensin converting enzyme or a chymase inhibitor singularly had no effect on angiotensin I contractions, however, when combined, a marked inhibition of the angiotensin I response was observed in both vessels.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results illustrate the complexities which exist within the local renin angiotensin system and suggest that clinical trials which may modulate the system are warranted.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, Heart Science Centre, Harefield Hospital, Uxbridge, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Borland
authors.forename: A H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Chester
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Rooker
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wharton
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Davie
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Amrani
authors.forename: M H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Yacoub
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000804:Angiotensin II / Q000502:physiology*; D053818:Chymases; D046508:Culture Techniques; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017534:Radial Artery / Q000201:enzymology*; D012084:Renin-Angiotensin System / Q000502:physiology; D012697:Serine Endopeptidases / Q000502:physiology*; D013895:Thoracic Arteries / Q000201:enzymology*; D014661:Vasoconstriction / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D000804:Angiotensin II; D012697:Serine Endopeptidases; D053818:Chymases