title: Reflex autonomic modulation of automatically measured repolarization parameters.
abstract: Automatic recognition of repolarization abnormalities from the standard electrocardiogram (ECG) is of considerable clinical importance. This study examined the autonomic variations in automatically measured repolarization parameters, including maximum QT interval (QTmax), global QT dispersion (QTd), T area dispersion (T area D) and principal component analysis ratio 2 (PCA-2). Twelve-lead ECGs were recorded continuously in 40 healthy subjects during supine, sitting and standing positions, and during the Valsalva maneuver. With the exception of PCA-2, the other repolarization parameters correlated either moderately or strongly during the steady-state supine position. QTmax, PCA-2, and T area D decreased significantly between supine and sitting position (P < 0.001, P < 0.001 and P < 0.01, respectively). QTmax, QTD, and T area D decreased significantly between sitting and standing (P < 0.001, P < 0.05 and P < 0.01, respectively). All parameters significantly decreased between supine and standing position: QTmax (P < 0.001), QTD (P < 0.05), PCA-2 (P < 0.05) and T area D (P < 0.001). During Valsalva, only PCA-2 increased significantly (P < 0.001) between supine and standing position. There were no significant changes in QT dispersion and dispersion of T wave area during Valsalva, compared to baseline, in both supine and standing positions. Automatic conventional measures of repolarization heterogeneity have limited practical value in detecting the effects of autonomic changes on ventricular repolarization. Newer concepts evaluating spatial and temporal irregularity of ventricular repolarization are still needed to reliably detect the effects of autonomic activity on ventricular repolarization.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiological Sciences, St. George's Hospital Medical School, Cranmer Terrace, London SW17 0RE, UK. vbatchva@sghms.ac.uk
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ghuran
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Batchvarov
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Dilaveris
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Färbom
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Camm
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Malik
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001341:Autonomic Nervous System / Q000502:physiology*; D004562:Electrocardiography; D005260:Female; D006329:Heart Conduction System / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011187:Posture / Q000502:physiology*; D012016:Reference Values; D012018:Reflex / Q000502:physiology*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012815:Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted; D014636:Valsalva Maneuver