title: Functional alterations of the Nppa promoter are linked to cardiac ventricular hypertrophy in WKY/WKHA rat crosses.
abstract: Cardiac left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is commonly associated with hypertension, but its variance is determined for more than 50% by blood pressure-independent genetic factors. Because it constitutes one of the most important risk factors for cardiovascular mortality, we have performed a genome-wide scan of the F2 progeny of crosses between inbred WKY and WKHA rats to detect quantitative trait loci (QTL) linked to cardiac mass. In addition to left ventricular mass (LVM), we also measured left ventricle (LV) concentration of atrial natriuretic factor (ANF), because we have previously established that there was a genetic link between these 2 traits in the same animal cross. We found 2 contiguous QTL on chromosome 5 that were linked to either LVM (logarithm of odds [LOD]=3.5) or log(n) (LV ANF) (LOD=12). The 1-LOD support intervals of both QTL shared a region overlapping the locus of natriuretic peptide precursor A (NPPA:) (ie, the ANF-coding gene). We found by sequencing 2 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within the first 650 bp of the NPPA: minimal promoters of the genes from both strains. One of these SNPs increased the transcriptional activity of the NPPA: minimal promoter in transfected neonatal cardiomyocytes in keeping with the higher LV concentration of ANF observed in WKY versus WKHA rats. Taken together with the previous reports showing that ANF may protect cardiomyocytes against hypertrophy, our genetic data single out NPPA: as a strong candidate gene for the determination of LVM.
authors.affiliation: Laboratories of Experimental Cardiovascular Biology, Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada. deschec@ircm.qc.ca
authors.forename: C F
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Deschepper
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Masciotra
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zahabi
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Boutin-Ganache
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Picard
authors.forename: T L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Reudelhuber
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D009320:Atrial Natriuretic Factor / Q000378:metabolism; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003433:Crosses, Genetic; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D008040:Genetic Linkage; D006162:Guanylate Cyclase / Q000235:genetics*; D017379:Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular / Q000235:genetics*; D008126:Lod Score; D008297:Male; D009206:Myocardium / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D009929:Organ Size / Q000235:genetics; D020161:Physical Chromosome Mapping; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D019655:Quantitative Trait, Heritable; D051381:Rats; D011921:Rats, Inbred WKY; D017461:Receptors, Atrial Natriuretic Factor / Q000235:genetics*; D014162:Transfection
chemical_list: D009320:Atrial Natriuretic Factor; D006162:Guanylate Cyclase; D017461:Receptors, Atrial Natriuretic Factor; C091715:atrial natriuretic factor receptor A