title: LY393615, a novel neuronal Ca(2+) and Na(+) channel blocker with neuroprotective effects in models of in vitro and in vivo cerebral ischemia.
abstract: In the present studies we have examined the effects of a new calcium channel blocker, LY393615 ((N-Butyl-[5,5-bis-(4-fluorophenyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-yl]methylamine hydrochloride, NCC1048) in a model of hypoxia-hypoglycaemia in vitro and in a gerbil model of global and in two rat models of focal cerebral ischaemia in vivo. Results indicated that LY393615 protected against hypoxia-hypoglycaemic insults in brain slices and also provided significant protection against ischaemia-induced hippocampal damage in gerbil global cerebral ischaemia when dosed at 10, 12.5 (P<0.05) or 15 mg/kg i.p. (P<0.01) 30 min before and 2 h 30 min after occlusion. The compound penetrated the brain well after a 15 mg/kg i.p. dose and had a half-life of 2.5 h. In further studies LY393615 was protective 1 h post-occlusion when administered at 15 mg/kg i.p. followed by 2 doses of 5 mg/kg i.p. 2 and 3 h later. LY393615 dosed at 15 mg/kg i.p. followed by 2 further doses of 5 mg/kg i.p. (2 and 3 h later) also produced a significant reduction in the infarct volume following Endothelin-1 (Et-1) middle cerebral artery occlusion in the rat when administration was initiated immediately (P<0.01) or 1 h (P<0.05) after occlusion. The compound was also evaluated in the intraluminal monofilament model of focal ischaemia. The animals had the middle cerebral artery occluded for 2 h, and 15 min after reperfusion LY393615 was administered at 15 mg/kg i.p. followed by 2 mg/kg/h i.v. infusion for 6 h. There was no reduction in infarct volume using this dosing protocol. In conclusion, in the present studies we have reported that a novel calcium channel blocker, LY393615, with good bioavailability protects against neuronal damage caused by hypoxia-hypoglycaemia in vitro and both global and focal cerebral ischaemia in vivo. The compound is neuroprotective when administered post-occlusion and may therefore be a useful anti-ischaemic agent.
authors.affiliation: Lilly Research Centre Ltd., Erl Wood Manor, Windlesham, GU20 6PH, Surrey, UK. oneill_michael_j@lilly.com
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: O'Neill
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Hicks
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Ward
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Osborne
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Wishart
authors.forename: K S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Mathews
authors.forename: D P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: McLaughlin
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Stamford
authors.forename: D R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: McCarty
authors.forename: K E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Patrick
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Roman
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Fleisch
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gilmore
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Boot
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D002082:Butylamines / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005663:Furans / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005849:Gerbillinae; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000098:blood supply / Q000473:pathology; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D020244:Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011689:Purkinje Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D026941:Sodium Channel Blockers
chemical_list: D002082:Butylamines; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers; D005663:Furans; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D026941:Sodium Channel Blockers; C420105:LY 393615