title: Evidence that IGF-binding protein-5 functions as a growth factor.
abstract: Recent studies support the concept that IGF-binding protein-5 (IGFBP-5) stimulates bone formation, at least in part, via IGF-independent mechanisms. To evaluate this hypothesis further, we evaluated in vitro and in vivo effects of IGFBP-5 on bone formation parameters using the IGF-I knockout (KO) mouse. Treatment of serum-free cultures of osteoblast clones derived from IGF-I KO mice with recombinant human IGFBP-5 increased both proliferation and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity in a dose-dependent manner, an effect comparable to that seen with IGF-I. IGF-II levels from media conditioned by osteoblasts derived from IGF-I KO mouse were below those detectable by RIA. To eliminate possible actions of IGF-II, if any was produced by osteoblasts derived from IGF-I knockout mice, the IGFBP-5 effect was studied in the presence of exogenously added IGFBP-4, a potent inhibitor of IGF-II actions in bone cells. Addition of IGFBP-4 blocked IGF-I- but not IGFBP-5-induced cell proliferation in osteoblasts derived from IGF-I knockout mice. Consistent with in vitro results, a single local injection of IGFBP-5 to the outer periosteum of the parietal bone of IGF-I KO mice increased ALP activity and osteocalcin levels of calvarial bone extracts. The magnitudes of IGFBP-5-induced increases in ALP and osteocalcin in parietal bone extracts of IGF-I KO mice were comparable to those seen in C3H mice. In contrast to IGFBP-5, local administration of IGFBP-4 had no significant effect on bone formation in C3H and IGF-I KO mice. These results provide the first direct evidence to our knowledge that IGFBP-5 functions as a growth factor that stimulates its actions in part via an IGF-independent mechanism.
authors.affiliation: Musculoskeletal Disease Center, Jerry L. Pettis Veterans Administration Medical Center, Loma Linda, California, USA.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Miyakoshi
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Richman
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kasukawa
authors.forename: T A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Linkhart
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Baylink
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mohan
mesh_terms: D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D017931:DNA Primers / Q000235:genetics; D006133:Growth Substances / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D018974:Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 4 / Q000494:pharmacology; D018975:Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 5 / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000502:physiology*; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D007335:Insulin-Like Growth Factor II / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008809:Mice, Inbred C3H; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D015675:Osteocalcin / Q000378:metabolism; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D017931:DNA Primers; D006133:Growth Substances; D018974:Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 4; D018975:Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 5; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D015675:Osteocalcin; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I; D007335:Insulin-Like Growth Factor II; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase