title: Outreach strategies for Southeast Asian communities: experience, practice, and suggestions for approaching Southeast Asian immigrant and refugee communities to provide thalassemia education and trait testing.
abstract: This article outlines general strategies for outreaching to Southeast Asian immigrant and refugee communities with thalassemia education. Because of positive net migration and increased birthrates during the last 15 years, Asian Pacific Islanders are among the fastest growing populations in California. Dr. Fred Lorey of California Newborn Screening shows that 1 of 12 Southeast Asians is a carrier of hemoglobin E, demonstrating a particular need to outreach to these communities. The challenge of educating Southeast Asian populations include language barriers, differences in cultural and/or religious beliefs, geographic location, and unfamiliarity with and/ or mistrust of Western health care systems. In addition, outreach workers must consider the great diversity of ethnicity, language, literacy, and education levels, and degree of acculturation to the US within the Asian/Southeast Asian groups. It is crucial before embarking on any outreach campaign to understand the history and make-up of the target audience, including ethnic minorities and dialects, to translate written materials into appropriate languages or audio formats, and to have a group of trained interpreters for events. Additionally, a continuing education model for the outreach/medical staff is important to maintain robust understanding of these diverse communities. Specific strategies include using visual aids, medical professionals as authority figures, and bicultural high school and college students during presentations. Finally, establishing trust and maintaining a continued presence in communities are the most important aspects of a successful outreach campaign.
authors.affiliation: Northern California Comprehensive Thalassemia Center, Children's Hospital Oakland, Department of Hematology/Oncology, California 94612, USA.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Choy
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Foote
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bojanowski
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Yamashita
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Vichinsky
mesh_terms: D001210:Asia, Southeastern / Q000208:ethnology; D002140:California; D003159:Community-Institutional Relations; D004641:Emigration and Immigration; D005006:Ethnicity; D005820:Genetic Testing; D006266:Health Education; D006801:Humans; D019655:Quantitative Trait, Heritable; D012036:Refugees; D013789:Thalassemia / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000235:genetics