Focus on primary care: periodontal disease: implications for women's health.
A definite relationship is emerging between periodontal infections and systemic conditions. The objective of this review is to address this relationship as it pertains to cardiovascular disease and diabetes mellitus. Furthermore, because recent reports link the presence of periodontal disease to preterm delivery, the possible relationship between the development and progression of periodontal disease and certain hormonal states in women such as puberty, oral contraceptive use, menopause, and pregnancy will also be discussed. Although the current literature suggests a strong association between periodontal disease and a number of the discussed systemic conditions, causality can only be established with prospective studies. Intervention studies are needed to address how treatment effects the incidence and/or severity of periodontal disease-related systemic illness.
Zeeman
G G
GG
Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas 75390-9032, USA.
Veth
E O
EO
Dennison
D K
DK
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D003276:Contraceptives, Oral; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D012739:Gonadal Steroid Hormones / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D007752:Obstetric Labor, Premature / Q000209:etiology; D015663:Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal; D010510:Periodontal Diseases / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy; D011247:Pregnancy; D011320:Primary Health Care; D011627:Puberty; D016387:Women's Health
D003276:Contraceptives, Oral; D012739:Gonadal Steroid Hormones