title: A new chamber technique for intravital microscopic observations in the different soft tissue layers of mouse hindleg.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A newly developed observation chamber has been designed for comfortable limb immobilization during intravital microscopic analysis, which permits direct, repeated, long-lasting observations of the microcirculation in the various hindleg soft tissues.
  
  
  METHODS
  Experiments were performed under inhalation isoflurane/nitrous oxide anesthesia. Intravenously injected fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-dextran (M, 150,000) and Rhodamine 6G (Sigma, St. Louis, MO) allowed for visualization of both microcirculatory phenomena in arterioles, capillaries, and venules and macrocirculatory structures as superficial saphenous artery and vein. Skin microcirculation analysis was performed from the epidermal side (group A, n = 7), whereas observation of deeper situated tissues was performed after oval skin excision on the medial surface of the tibial area (group B, n = 7). FITC-dextran (M, 150,000; group C, n = 8) injected into the foot pad permitted visualization of venous, arterial, and accompanying lymphatic vessels. With the aid of a computer-assisted microcirculation analysis system, functional capillary density, vessel diameter, edema formation, and leukocyte-endothelial cell interactions were evaluated. The ratio of rolling leukocytes, given as percentage of all leukocytes passing the vessel segment during a 30-second observation interval, and the number of sticking leukocytes per square millimeter of endothelial surface were determined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  This new model allows the analysis of the complex in vivo changes of macro- and microcirculatory parameters in the different (venous, arterial, lymphatic) vessels of the covering tissues (skin and muscle) of the mouse hindleg.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The potential applications of this technique include the study of mechanical trauma, ischemia-reperfusion injury, and tissue compression mimicking both acute and prolonged venous stasis on both the microcirculatory and macrocirculatory levels in the different tissue compartments.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Surgical Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Germany. szczesny@cmdik.pan.pl
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Szczesny
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Nolte
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Veihelmann
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Messmer
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000098:blood supply; D000818:Animals; D001158:Arteries / Q000502:physiology; D006614:Hindlimb; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008208:Lymphatic System / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008812:Mice, Hairless; D008833:Microcirculation / Q000502:physiology; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence / Q000295:instrumentation*; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000098:blood supply*; D012867:Skin / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000098:blood supply*; D014680:Veins / Q000502:physiology