title: Advanced glycation end products in human optic nerve head.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To localise advanced glycation end products (AGEs) in human optic nerve head.
  
  
  METHODS
  Optic nerve samples from 13 elderly individuals (seven diabetics and six non-diabetics) were obtained at necropsy. Pyrraline, an advanced glycation end product, was immunohistochemically localised in the optic nerve heads.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the diabetic subjects, moderate to intense immunoreactivity for pyrraline was detected in sclera, pia mater, cribriform plates, connective tissues in the optic nerve, and around vessels in the optic nerve and pia mater. Immunoreactivity for pyrraline was also detected around retinal vessels. In the non-diabetic subjects, slight or no immunoreactivity for pyrraline was found in cribriform plates and around the optic nerve vessels.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Accumulation of AGEs in cribriform plates and around vessels in the optic nerve may contribute to the development of optic neuropathy in diabetic patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, University of Tokyo School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan. amanos-tky@umin.ac.jp
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Amano
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kaji
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Oshika
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Oka
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Machinami
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Nagai
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Horiuchi
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000378:metabolism*; D005004:Ethmoid Bone / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006031:Glycosylation; D006801:Humans; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009646:Norleucine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000378:metabolism*; D009898:Optic Disk / Q000378:metabolism*; D010841:Pia Mater / Q000378:metabolism; D011758:Pyrroles / Q000378:metabolism*; D012171:Retinal Vessels / Q000378:metabolism; D012590:Sclera / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D011758:Pyrroles; C059571:2-formyl-5-(hydroxymethyl)pyrrole-1-norleucine; D009646:Norleucine