title: Nucleotide-dependent single- to double-headed binding of kinesin.
abstract: The motility of kinesin motors is explained by a "hand-over-hand" model in which two heads of kinesin alternately repeat single-headed and double-headed binding with a microtubule. To investigate the binding mode of kinesin at the key nucleotide states during adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) hydrolysis, we measured the mechanical properties of a single kinesin-microtubule complex by applying an external load with optical tweezers. Both the unbinding force and the elastic modulus in solutions containing AMP-PNP (an ATP analog) were twice the value of those in nucleotide-free solution or in the presence of both AMP-PNP and adenosine 5'-diphosphate. Thus, kinesin binds through two heads in the former and one head in the latter two states, which supports a major prediction of the hand-over-hand model.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, School of Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kawaguchi
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ishiwata
mesh_terms: D000244:Adenosine Diphosphate / Q000378:metabolism*; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000378:metabolism; D000266:Adenylyl Imidodiphosphate / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D004548:Elasticity; D016547:Kinesins / Q000378:metabolism*; D007700:Kinetics; D008870:Microtubules / Q000378:metabolism; D008954:Models, Biological; D013552:Swine
chemical_list: D000266:Adenylyl Imidodiphosphate; D000244:Adenosine Diphosphate; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; D016547:Kinesins