title: Circulatory management of the unstable cardiac patient.
abstract: The objective of this article is to provide an orderly and concise approach to the treatment of the unstable cardiac surgery patient. The common causes of hemodynamic instability in this patient population are reviewed. The various pharmacologic, mechanical, and electric therapeutic options available for each clinical situation are explored, and a sequential treatment algorithm is developed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Gorman
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Gorman
authors.forename: B L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Milas
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Acker
mesh_terms: D001243:Assisted Circulation; D002302:Cardiac Output; D002303:Cardiac Output, Low / Q000628:therapy*; D006348:Cardiac Surgical Procedures; D015199:Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation; D006439:Hemodynamics; D006801:Humans; D007431:Intraoperative Complications / Q000628:therapy*; D009200:Myocardial Contraction; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000628:therapy*; D012769:Shock / Q000628:therapy*