title: Human LT-alpha-mediated resistance to autoimmune diabetes is induced in NOD, but not NOD-scid, mice and abrogated by IL-12.
abstract: Systemic administration of human lymphotoxin-alpha (hLT-alpha) made NOD mice resistant not only to spontaneous autoimmune type 1 diabetes mellitus but also to cyclophosphamide (CY)-induced diabetes and diabetes transfer by diabetic NOD spleen cells (triple resistance). In this study we analyzed the mechanisms of hLT-alpha-induced resistance, focusing on (1) hLT-alpha-induced resistance in the pancreatic beta cell, (2) CY-resistant suppressor cells, (3) suppression of induction or function of effector cells for beta cell destruction, or (4) others. To examine the first possibility in vitro, a NOD-derived beta cell line (MIN6N) was pretreated with hLT-alpha and then mixed with diabetic NOD spleen cells and MIN6N cell viability was measured. Treatment with hLT-alpha did not protect MIN6N cells but rather enhanced cytotoxicity. Next NOD-scid mice were pretreated with hLT-alpha and then transferred with diabetic NOD spleen. All the recipients developed diabetes. These results excluded the first possibility. The second possibility was also excluded by a cotransfer experiment, in which diabetic NOD spleen cells were cotransferred to NOD-scid mice with nontreated or hLT-alpha-treated nondiabetic NOD spleens. There was no significant difference in diabetes incidence between the two groups. To observe the third possibility, spleen cells of hLT-alpha-treated triple-resistant NOD mice were transferred to NOD-scid mice. Diabetes developed in the recipients, although the onset of diabetes was slightly delayed. Finally, hLT-alpha-treated triple-resistant NOD mice developed diabetes 1 week after daily IL-12 treatment. In summary, hLT-alpha administration made NOD mice resistant to effector cells for beta cell destruction. This resistance was induced in NOD, but not in NOD-scid, mice, indicating that lymphocytes were obligatory for the resistance. However, it was not mediated by transferable suppressor cells. Because effector cells were present in hLT-alpha-treated NOD spleen and the resistance was abrogated by IL-12 treatment, it is speculated that hLT-alpha treatment may have changed a local cytokine balance protective from beta cell destruction.
authors.affiliation: Third Department of Internal Medicine, Tohoku University School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8574, Japan.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Miyaguchi
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Satoh
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sakata
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakazawa
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Miyazaki
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Toyota
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003602:Cytotoxicity, Immunologic; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000276:immunology* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007113:Immunity, Innate / Q000187:drug effects; D018664:Interleukin-12 / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008233:Lymphotoxin-alpha / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051379:Mice; D016688:Mice, Inbred NOD; D016513:Mice, SCID; D013154:Spleen / Q000166:cytology
chemical_list: D008233:Lymphotoxin-alpha; D018664:Interleukin-12