title: Defective bone formation and anabolic response to exogenous estrogen in mice with targeted disruption of endothelial nitric oxide synthase.
abstract: Nitric oxide (NO) is a pleiotropic signaling molecule that is produced by bone cells constitutively and in response to diverse stimuli such as proinflammatory cytokines, mechanical strain, and sex hormones. Endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) is the predominant NOS isoform expressed in bone, but its physiological role in regulating bone metabolism remains unclear. Here we studied various aspects of bone metabolism in female mice with targeted disruption of the eNOS gene. Mice with eNOS deficiency (eNOS KO) had reduced bone mineral density, and cortical thinning when compared with WT controls and histomorphometric analysis of bone revealed profound abnormalities of bone formation, with reduced osteoblast numbers, surfaces and mineral apposition rate. Studies in vitro showed that osteoblasts derived from eNOS KO mice had reduced rates of growth when compared with WT and were less well differentiated as reflected by lower levels of alkaline phosphatase activity. Mice with eNOS deficiency lost bone normally following ovariectomy but exhibited a significantly blunted anabolic response to high dose exogenous estrogen. We conclude that the eNOS pathway plays an essential role in regulating bone mass and bone turnover by modulating osteoblast function.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Foresterhill, University of Aberdeen Medical School, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: K E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Armour
authors.forename: K J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Armour
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Gallagher
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gödecke
authors.forename: M H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Helfrich
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Reid
authors.forename: S H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Ralston
mesh_terms: D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D015519:Bone Density; D001846:Bone Development / Q000502:physiology*; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000502:physiology; D002455:Cell Division / Q000502:physiology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004958:Estradiol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018345:Mice, Knockout / Q000235:genetics; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000172:deficiency / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III; D010052:Ovariectomy; D012016:Reference Values
chemical_list: D004958:Estradiol; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III; C496315:Nos3 protein, mouse; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase