title: Efficacy of establishment of pneumoperitoneum with the Veress needle, Hasson trocar, and modified blunt trocar (TrocDoc): a randomized study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare three techniques of establishment of pneumoperitoneum for efficacy: the Veress needle/first trocar, the Hasson trocar, and a newly developed modified blunt trocar, the TrocDoc.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between June and December 1999, 62 patients eligible for laparoscopic surgery were randomized. The effectiveness of installation of the pneumoperitoneum using the three techniques was assessed by time-motion analysis. Primary efficacy measures were total time and number of actions required to establish the pneumoperitoneum. Secondary efficacy measures were procedure-related complications, wound complications, and occurrence of CO2 leakage.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Two patients were withdrawn from inclusion. The three groups were comparable for age and body mass index. Total time was shortest using the TrocDoc rather than the Veress needle/first trocar and the Hasson trocar (respectively, 138 +/- 58 v 237 +/- 56 v 350 +/- 103 seconds), and the number of actions was lowest for the Veress needle/first trocar combination: 22 +/- 7 v 32 +/- 12 (TrocDoc) v 53 +/- 17 (Hasson). There was no morbidity related to the installation of pneumoperitoneum nor trocar wound complications. Gas leakage occurred in five of the Hasson introductions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Establishment of the pneumoperitoneum is more efficient using the TrocDoc compared with the Veress needle/first trocar and the Hasson trocar. The TrocDoc might replace the two alternatives because of its efficacy and open method of introduction.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. W.A.Bemelman@amc.victor.nl
authors.forename: W A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Bemelman
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Dunker
authors.forename: O R
authors.initials: OR
authors.lastname: Busch
authors.forename: K T
authors.initials: KT
authors.lastname: Den Boer
authors.forename: L T
authors.initials: LT
authors.lastname: de Wit
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Gouma
mesh_terms: D004867:Equipment Design; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009339:Needles; D011028:Pneumoperitoneum, Artificial / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods*; D013525:Surgical Instruments