title: A unique insight into the incidence of rugby injuries using referee replacement reports.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To obtain further information the incidence of injuries and playing positions affected in club rugby in Scotland.
  
  
  METHODS
  Routine reports of injury (permanent) and blood (temporary) replacements occurring in competitive club rugby matches by referees to the Scottish Rugby Union during seasons 1990-1991 to 1996-1997 were analysed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 3,513 injuries (87 per 100 scheduled matches) and 1,000 blood replacements (34 per 100 scheduled matches) were reported. Forwards accounted for 60% of the injury and 72% of the blood replacements. Flankers and the front row were the most commonly replaced forwards while wing and centre three quarters were the most vulnerable playing positions among backs. The incidence of injury replacements increased as the match progressed up until the last 10 minutes when the trend was reversed. Blood replacements showed a different pattern with 60% occurring during the first half of the match.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The most important finding of the study was reliability of referees in documenting the vulnerability of certain playing positions, and the timing when injuries took place, thus assisting coaches and team selectors when choosing replacement players for competitive club and representative rugby matches. This study re-emphasises the need for continuing epidemiological research.
authors.affiliation: Scottish Rugby Union, UK.
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Sharp
authors.forename: G D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Murray
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Macleod
mesh_terms: D005538:Football / Q000293:injuries*; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D012606:Scotland / Q000453:epidemiology