title: Aberrant expression of immunoglobulin heavy chain genes in Epstein-Barr virus-negative, human immunodeficiency virus-related lymphoid interstitial pneumonia.
abstract: The two-step polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequencing analysis was used to analyze the immunoglobulin heavy chain variable (Ig V(H)) genes of open-chest biopsy or autopsy samples from five patients with Epstein-Barr virus-negative human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-related lymphoid interstitial pneumonia (LIP), and the results were compared with those for Ig V(H) genes from five HIV-negative LIP patients. The findings of this study are consistent with the different immunological situations of HIV-related and HIV-negative LIP. (a) The Ig V(H)3 subgroup was underexpressed in three of five cases of HIV-related LIP. In contrast, none of the HIV-negative cases showed this abnormality. Because the Ig V(H)3 subgroup encodes the largest portion of Ig V(H) genes, a depletion of B cells expressing Ig V(H)3 genes reflects a major alteration in the B-cell compartment. (b) All HIV-related LIP cases demonstrated two or three oligoclonal populations. HIV-negative cases showed minor monoclonal or polyclonal populations, but not oligoclonal ones. These oligoclonal populations suggest the coexistence of several occult clonal B-cell populations in HIV-related LIP. (c) Some oligoclonal clones in HIV-related LIP showed mutated framework regions not demonstrated in HIV-negative clones. This degree of variation exceeds the usual mutation rate for frameworks, suggesting a role for framework residues in antigen binding. (d) The frequency of D-D fusions of minor oligoclonal clones (HIV-related LIP) is higher than that of minor monoclonal clones (HIV-negative LIP). Such D-D fusions may enhance the probability of expression of antibodies capable of binding HIV glycoproteins.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Shimizu Kohsei Hospital, Shimizu City, Shizuoka, Japan. SNC@nifty.com
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kurosu
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yumoto
authors.forename: W N
authors.initials: WN
authors.lastname: Rom
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jaishree
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nakata
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kuriyama
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mikata
authors.forename: M D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Weiden
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001483:Base Sequence; D005260:Female; D005803:Genes, Immunoglobulin; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000276:immunology; D004854:Herpesvirus 4, Human; D006801:Humans; D007143:Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains / Q000235:genetics*; D007144:Immunoglobulin J-Chains / Q000235:genetics; D007223:Infant; D008171:Lung Diseases / Q000209:etiology* / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D017563:Lung Diseases, Interstitial / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009154:Mutation; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011336:Probability
chemical_list: D007143:Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains; D007144:Immunoglobulin J-Chains