title: High-intensity transient signals (HITS) as a parameter for optimum orientation of mechanical aortic valves.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In previous studies [1,2], the impact of valve orientation on the hemodynamic performance of mechanical aortic valves has been demonstrated. This study investigates Turbulence (RNS values) and High Intensity Transient Signals (HITS) as a new and objective parameter for hemodynamics in different orientations of Medtronic Hall (MH) and St. Jude Medical (SJM) aortic valves.
  
  
  METHODS
  A rotation device carrying MH or SJM valves was implanted in 4 pigs. The device allowed valve rotation without reopening the aorta. In different orientations, turbulent shear stresses (RNS values) and HITS were measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  RNS and HITS changed for both valve designs in various orientations, with superior results for the MH in the hemodynamically best orientation. Downstream turbulence (RNS) and HITS varied into the same direction, but a one-to-one correlation was not observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  RNS and HITS vary with respect to valve orientation and design with superior results for the tilting disc valve. Both MH and SJM valves showed lower turbulence and HITS counts in their hemodynamically best orientations. HITS were related to downstream turbulence and the hemodynamic performance of the mechanical aortic valves.
authors.affiliation: Herz-Kreislauf-Klinik Bevensen, Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Bad Bevensen, Germany.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kleine
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Perthel
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Hasenkam
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nygaard
authors.forename: S B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Hansen
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Laas
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001021:Aortic Valve; D004867:Equipment Design; D006350:Heart Valve Prosthesis; D019918:Heart Valve Prosthesis Implantation; D006439:Hemodynamics; D012399:Rotation; D013552:Swine