title: Effects of an experimentally induced rhinovirus cold on sleep, performance, and daytime alertness.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  There is accumulating evidence that the common cold produces impairments in psychomotor vigilance. This has led some investigators to hypothesize that such illnesses may also have disruptive effects on sleep. While several self-report studies suggest that viral illness may influence sleep parameters, no studies have assessed polysomnographically recorded sleep following viral infections.
  
  
  METHODS
  Parallel control group comparison.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sleep laboratory in a large urban medical center.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-one men and women with susceptibility to the rhinovirus type 23.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nasal inoculation with rhinovirus type 23.
  
  
  METHODS
  Polysomnographically recorded sleep for five nights (2300-0700 h) post-viral inoculation. Twice daily (1030 and 1430 h) performance assessment during each experimental day using auditory vigilance and divided attention tasks. A multiple sleep latency test (MSLT) was performed daily for the duration of the study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In symptomatic individuals, total sleep time decreased an average of 23 min, consolidated sleep decreased an average of 36 min, and sleep efficiency was reduced by an average of 5% during the active viral period (experimental days/nights 3-5) compared with the incubation period. Psychomotor performance was impaired. These changes were significantly greater than those observed in asymptomatic individuals.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The common cold can have detrimental effects on sleep and psychomotor performance in symptomatic individuals during the initial active phase of the illness.
authors.affiliation: Sleep Disorders and Research Center, Henry Ford Hospital, 2799 West Grand Boulevard, CFP3, Detroit, MI 48202, USA. cdrake1@hfhs.org
authors.forename: C L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Drake
authors.forename: T A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Roehrs
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Royer
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Koshorek
authors.forename: R B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Turner
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Roth
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000339:Affect / Q000502:physiology; D001288:Attention / Q000502:physiology*; D003139:Common Cold / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017286:Polysomnography; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000502:physiology*; D012229:Rhinovirus; D012890:Sleep / Q000502:physiology*