title: Computer-supported detection of M-components and evaluation of immunoglobulins after capillary electrophoresis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Electrophoresis of serum samples allows detection of monoclonal gammopathies indicative of multiple myeloma, Waldenström macroglobulinemia, monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance, and amyloidosis. Present methods of high-resolution agarose gel electrophoresis (HRAGE) and immunofixation electrophoresis (IFE) are manual and labor-intensive. Capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) allows rapid automated protein separation and produces digital absorbance data, appropriate as input for a computerized decision support system.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using the Beckman Paragon CZE 2000 instrument, we analyzed 711 routine clinical samples, including 95 monoclonal components (MCs) and 9 cases of Bence Jones myeloma, in both the CZE and HRAGE systems. Mathematical algorithms developed for the detection of monoclonal immunoglobulins (MCs) in the gamma- and ss-regions of the electropherogram were tested on the entire material. Additional algorithms evaluating oligoclonality and polyclonal concentrations of immunoglobulins were also tested.
  
  
  RESULTS
  CZE electropherograms corresponded well with HRAGE. Only one IgG MC of 1 g/L, visible on HRAGE, was not visible after CZE. Algorithms detected 94 of 95 MCs (98.9%) and 100% of those visible after CZE. Of 607 samples lacking an MC on HRAGE, only 3 were identified by the algorithms (specificity, 99%). Algorithms evaluating total gammaglobulinemia and oligoclonality also identified several cases of Bence Jones myeloma.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The use of capillary electrophoresis provides a modern, rapid, and cost-effective method of analyzing serum proteins. The additional option of computerized decision support, which provides rapid and standardized interpretations, should increase the clinical availability and usefulness of protein analyses in the future.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital MAS, S-20502 Malmö, Sweden.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jonsson
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Carlson
authors.forename: J O
authors.initials: JO
authors.lastname: Jeppsson
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Simonsson
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000465:Algorithms; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000097:blood; D001536:Bence Jones Protein / Q000652:urine; D003658:Decision Making, Computer-Assisted; D004587:Electrophoresis, Agar Gel; D019075:Electrophoresis, Capillary; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007070:Immunoglobulin A / Q000097:blood*; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000097:blood*; D007075:Immunoglobulin M / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009101:Multiple Myeloma / Q000276:immunology / Q000652:urine; D009391:Nephelometry and Turbidimetry; D012016:Reference Values; D015203:Reproducibility of Results
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D007070:Immunoglobulin A; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D007075:Immunoglobulin M; D001536:Bence Jones Protein