title: Innovative programs for children and adolescents with spinal cord injury.
abstract: A few innovative programs have enabled children with SCI to surpass traditional levels of independence defined solely on preservation of motor function. Implementation of unique upper extremity and bladder surgical programs has provided children with tetraplegia the ability to manipulate objects without equipment and to independently empty their bladder, respectively. Innovative surgical programs have also restored privacy, dignity, and spontaneity. These are important gains previously unachievable by young persons with tetraplegia. Functional electrical stimulation has advanced children's abilities in upright mobility and has made significant impact on their quality of life by restoring hand and bladder capacities. Nurses play a leadership role in the delivery and integration of these dynamic programs.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Spoltore
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Mulcahey
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Johnston
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kelly
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Morales
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rebuck
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D016497:Adolescent Health Services / Q000458:organization & administration*; D002648:Child; D002662:Child Health Services / Q000458:organization & administration*; D004509:Education, Nursing, Continuing; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011782:Quadriplegia / Q000451:nursing / Q000523:psychology / Q000534:rehabilitation; D012047:Rehabilitation Centers / Q000458:organization & administration*; D019145:Rehabilitation Nursing / Q000379:methods; D019529:Sexuality; D013119:Spinal Cord Injuries / Q000451:nursing / Q000523:psychology / Q000534:rehabilitation*