title: The effect of a community intervention trial on parental knowledge and awareness of antibiotic resistance and appropriate antibiotic use in children.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Overuse of antibiotics for children's upper respiratory infections is widespread and contributes to the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To assess changes in knowledge and awareness regarding antibiotic resistance and appropriate antibiotic use after community-wide educational interventions to reduce inappropriate antibiotic use.
  
  
  METHODS
  Baseline survey conducted during June through July 1997 and postintervention survey of baseline participants during June through August 1998.
  
  
  METHODS
  Communities in northern Wisconsin.
  
  
  METHODS
  Parents of 729 randomly selected children <4 years of age were called until 215 in each of the intervention and control areas were reached. Of the 430 baseline participants, 365 (85%) participated in the postintervention survey.
  
  
  METHODS
  Parent-oriented activities included distribution of materials and presentations. Physician-oriented activities included formal presentations and small group meetings.
  
  
  METHODS
  Change in awareness about antibiotic resistance and knowledge about antibiotic indications.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A higher proportion of parents in the intervention area (53%) were exposed to 2 or more local educational messages, compared with the control area (23%). From the baseline to the postintervention survey, the percentage of parents with a high degree of antibiotic resistance awareness increased more in the intervention area (58% to 73%) than in the control area (60% to 65%). In the intervention area, there was also a larger increase in knowledge regarding appropriate indications for antibiotic use, compared with the control area. The proportion of parents who expected an antibiotic for their child and did not receive one declined in the intervention area (14% to 9%), while it increased in the control area (7% to 10%). In addition, the percentage of parents in the intervention area who brought their child to another physician because they did not receive an antibiotic decreased (5% to 2%), while it increased in the control area (2% to 4%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Parental knowledge and awareness about antibiotic indications and antibiotic resistance can be changed with educational interventions directed at parents and clinicians.
authors.affiliation: Epidemic Intelligence Service, State Branch, Division of Applied Public Health Training, Epidemiology Program Office, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA. maryjotrepka@doh.state.fl.us
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Trepka
authors.forename: E A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Belongia
authors.forename: P H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Chyou
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Davis
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Schwartz
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004352:Drug Resistance, Microbial; D004363:Drug Utilization / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D010290:Parents; D010353:Patient Education as Topic / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011159:Population Surveillance; D011897:Random Allocation; D012141:Respiratory Tract Infections / Q000188:drug therapy*; D014922:Wisconsin
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents