title: Distally migrated esophageal self-expanding metal stents: wait and see or remove?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Extraction of a migrated esophageal stent may be extremely difficult with a substantial risk of complications including esophageal perforation and hemorrhage.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospectively 242 patients were evaluated who underwent implantation of self-expanding metal stents (SEMS) and 13 (5.4%) were identified with distal stent migration. In all cases of stent dislocation into the stomach, extraction of the stent was not attempted and a new stent was inserted.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twelve patients had dysphagia. One patient underwent surgery because of stent impaction in the colon, 3 had unrecognized passage of the stent per rectum, and 9 had evidence of the stent into the stomach. Further severe complications were not observed in any patient and all stents remained into the stomach.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Complications arising from migrated esophageal stents are uncommon. Further studies are warranted to determine which patients with migrated SEMS warrant stent retrieval.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery and Advanced Technologies, Service of Digestive Endoscopy, University of Naples Federico II, School of Medicine, Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: G D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: De Palma
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Iovino
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Catanzano
mesh_terms: D004947:Esophagus; D005260:Female; D005548:Foreign-Body Migration / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015607:Stents