title: Gamma-hydroxybutyrate, gamma-butyrolactone, and 1,4-butanediol: a case report and review of the literature.
abstract: GHB, GBL, and 1,4-BD are prevalent drugs of abuse in the United States. Unfortunately, attempts to regulate GHB have been circumvented by clandestine trafficking through the Internet and marketing of "natural" chemical precursors . Despite repeated FDA warnings to the public about their dangers as well as recent federal scheduling of GHB and GBL, they remain accessible as "club drugs" on Internet websites, as natural dietary supplements in health food stores, and as illicit products manufactured at home or in clandestine laboratories. EDs and poison control centers nationwide will undoubtedly continue to manage GHB, GBL, and 1,4-BD toxicities.
authors.affiliation: Program in Clinical Pharmacology/Toxicology, Massachusetts/Rhode Island Regional Center for Poison Control and Injury Prevention, and Children's Hospital, Boston, USA.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shannon
authors.forename: L S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Quang
mesh_terms: D015107:4-Butyrolactone / Q000737:chemistry / Q000506:poisoning*; D000759:Adjuvants, Anesthesia / Q000737:chemistry / Q000506:poisoning*; D000293:Adolescent; D002072:Butylene Glycols / Q000737:chemistry / Q000506:poisoning*; D004632:Emergency Medical Services; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008140:Lorazepam / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012640:Seizures / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000188:drug therapy; D012978:Sodium Oxybate / Q000737:chemistry / Q000506:poisoning*; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000759:Adjuvants, Anesthesia; D002072:Butylene Glycols; D012978:Sodium Oxybate; C039681:1,4-butanediol; D008140:Lorazepam; D015107:4-Butyrolactone