title: [Ropivacaine, an advantageous anesthetic for subcutaneous infusion anesthesia].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Reliable, long-acting local anesthetics reduce postoperative pain and make it easier to plan surgery. This is especially true when slow infusion anesthesia (SIA) is used. The anesthetic agent ropivacaine appears to meet the requirements of SIA especially well.
  
  
  METHODS
  1. Venous bloodlevels of ropivacaine after subcutaneous infusion of the maximum dose of 300 mg ropivacaine containing adrenaline 1:1,000,000 were measured in 10 volunteers, time not mentioned in German abstract! We agreed they would match. 2. 30 healthy volunteers received 30 ml of three solutions of lidocaine alone, lidocaine mixed with ropivacaine, and ropivacaine alone, all containing adrenaline 1:1,000,000. The local anesthetic effects were studied. 3. Ropivacaine was used clinically both alone and with different mixtures of ropivacaine and prilocaine, each containing adrenaline 1:1,000,000, in a total of 4,670 cutaneous surgical procedures of all kinds in 3,015 patients. No patient was excluded from this kind of anesthesia. Patient ages ranged from 0.5 to 95 years (median: 54.5). No adrenalin was added for nerve blocks of the fingers and penis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The venous blood levels after administration were low. Ropivacaine acted more than twice as long as lidocaine (p > 0.001). Clinical application of the mixtures was completely free of side-effects and complications and involved a very low rate of postoperative bleeding. The patients remained free of pain as a rule for many hours.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We regard ropivacaine as a major step forward in the use of local anesthesia.
authors.affiliation: Universitäts-Hautklinik, Liebermeisterstrasse 25, 72076 Tübingen. helmut.breuninger@med.uni-tuebingen.de
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Breuninger
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Nogova
authors.forename: P S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Hobbach
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Schimek
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000577:Amides / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D000772:Anesthesia, Local; D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008012:Lidocaine / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010147:Pain Measurement; D011318:Prilocaine / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D000077212:Ropivacaine; D012871:Skin Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000601:surgery*
chemical_list: D000577:Amides; D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D011318:Prilocaine; D000077212:Ropivacaine; D008012:Lidocaine