title: Moderate energy restriction increases bone resorption in obese postmenopausal women.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Weight reduction reduces bone mineral density (BMD) and increases the risk of osteoporosis.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We investigated whether bone is mobilized in postmenopausal women during energy restriction and whether hormones regulate bone turnover and mass.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-seven obese postmenopausal women with a mean (+/-SD) age of 55.9 +/- 7.9 y and body mass index (in kg/m(2)) of 33.0 +/- 3.8 completed the 6-mo study. Fourteen women followed a moderate energy-restricted diet (WL group) and 13 control subjects maintained their body weight (WM group). Body weight, bone turnover markers, serum parathyroid hormone (PTH), and dietary intake were measured throughout the study. Total-body BMD, sex hormone binding globulin, leptin, and estrone were measured at baseline and at week 25.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the WL group, body weight decreased by 10.2 +/- 5.5% (P < 0.001), body fat mass decreased by 18.7 +/- 11.3% (P < 0.001), and total-body BMD decreased by 1.2 +/- 1.2%; these changes were significantly different from those in the WM group (P < 0.05). Serial measurements showed chronically elevated rates of bone resorption and formation during energy restriction that were greater than in the WM group (P < 0.05). Serum sex hormone binding globulin increased and leptin decreased with weight loss (P < 0.05). Serum PTH tended to increase in the WL group but not in the WM group (P < 0.06). The reduction in fat mass with weight loss was directly associated with a decrease in serum estrone (P < 0.01, R(2) = 0.50).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Moderate energy restriction increases bone turnover in obese postmenopausal women and may be regulated in part by alterations in serum PTH and estrone.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutritional Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.
authors.forename: T A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Ricci
authors.forename: S B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Heymsfield
authors.forename: R N
authors.initials: RN
authors.lastname: Pierson
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Stahl
authors.forename: H A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Chowdhury
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Shapses
mesh_terms: D015502:Absorptiometry, Photon; D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000378:metabolism; D001823:Body Composition; D015519:Bone Density; D001862:Bone Resorption; D004038:Diet, Reducing / Q000009:adverse effects; D002149:Energy Intake / Q000502:physiology; D004970:Estrone / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D020738:Leptin / Q000378:metabolism; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000178:diet therapy / Q000378:metabolism*; D015663:Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control; D010281:Parathyroid Hormone / Q000097:blood; D017698:Postmenopause; D012738:Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin / Q000378:metabolism; D013997:Time Factors; D015431:Weight Loss / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D020738:Leptin; D010281:Parathyroid Hormone; D012738:Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin; D004970:Estrone