title: Relative contribution of resting haemodynamic profile and lung function to exercise tolerance in male patients with chronic heart failure.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To clarify the relative contribution of resting haemodynamic profile and pulmonary function to exercise capacity in patients with heart failure.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cardiology department and cardiac rehabilitation unit in a tertiary centre.
  
  
  METHODS
  161 male patients (mean (SD) age 59 (9) years) with heart failure (New York Heart Association class II-IV, left ventricular ejection fraction 23 (7)%) underwent spirometry, alveolar capillary diffusing capacity (DLCO), and mouth inspiratory and expiratory pressures (MIP, MEP, respectively, in 100 patients). Right heart catheterisation and a symptom limited cardiopulmonary exercise test were performed in 137 patients within 3-4 days.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean peak exercise oxygen consumption (VO(2)) was 13 (3.9) ml/kg/min. Among resting haemodynamic variables only cardiac index showed a significant correlation with peak VO(2). There were no differences in haemodynamic variables between patients with peak VO(2) </= or > 14 ml/kg/min. There was a moderate correlation (p < 0.05) between several pulmonary function variables and peak VO(2). Forced vital capacity (3.5 (0.9) v 3.2 (0.8) l, p < 0.05) and DLCO (21.6 (6.9) v 17.7 (5.5) ml/mm Hg/min, p < 0.05) were higher in patients with peak VO(2) > 14 ml/kg/min than in those with peak VO(2) </= 14 ml/kg/min. Using a stepwise regression analysis, the respiratory and haemodynamic variables which correlated significantly with peak VO(2) were DLCO, MEP, and cardiac index, with an overall R value of 0.63.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The data confirm previous studies showing a poor correlation between resting indices of cardiac function and exercise capacity in heart failure. However, several pulmonary function variables were related to peak exercise VO(2). In particular, lung diffusing capacity and respiratory muscle function seem to affect exercise tolerance during heart failure.
authors.affiliation: Cardiac Rehabilitation Division, S Maugeri Foundation, Gussago, Italy. faggiano@numerica.it
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Faggiano
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: D'Aloia
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gualeni
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Giordano
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D006328:Cardiac Catheterization; D005080:Exercise Test; D017079:Exercise Tolerance / Q000502:physiology*; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D008168:Lung / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010101:Oxygen Consumption / Q000502:physiology; D011653:Pulmonary Diffusing Capacity / Q000502:physiology; D012129:Respiratory Function Tests; D012132:Respiratory Muscles / Q000503:physiopathology