title: Management of calcium oxalate stones.
abstract: This article discusses the incidence and prevalence of calcium oxalate renal stones. Etiology and risk factors for all renal stone formation are reviewed. The evaluation, diagnostic procedures, and management for new and recurrent stone formation are detailed. Management includes long-term pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic measures for successful prevention or reduction in the frequency of recurrent stones. Specific patient education factors, patient and family psychological aspects, and referral resources are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Mayo Foundation, MN, USA. hanson.karen2@mayo.edu
authors.forename: K A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Hanson
mesh_terms: D002129:Calcium Oxalate; D004232:Diuretics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005192:Family Health; D006801:Humans; D007669:Kidney Calculi / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000451:nursing*; D008487:Medical History Taking; D010146:Pain / Q000523:psychology; D010353:Patient Education as Topic; D011736:Pyridoxine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012008:Recurrence; D012017:Referral and Consultation; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D004232:Diuretics; D002129:Calcium Oxalate; D011736:Pyridoxine