title: Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor is expressed in penis of adult rat and retrogradely transported in penile parasympathetic and sensory nerves.
abstract: Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), a member of the GDNF family of neurotrophic factors, promotes the survival and function of several neuronal populations in the peripheral and central nervous system. In the present study, expression of GDNF mRNA in the shaft of adult rat penis is demonstrated. In situ hybridization revealed GDNF mRNA expression in cells lying in the narrow zone between the tunica albuginea and the cavernous tissue. Most subtunical cells exhibited immunoreactivity for vimentin and S100 beta, but they did not stain for smooth muscle alpha actin or PGP9.5. This suggests that the GDNF mRNA-expressing cells may have a mesenchymal origin. Also retrograde axonal transport of intracavernously injected 125I-labeled GDNF in penile parasympathetic and sensory neurons is shown. The transport was inhibited by excess unlabeled GDNF, whereas excess cytochrome c had no effect. This is in agreement with the view that the transport was mediated by binding to specific receptors located on axon terminals. In addition, this study demonstrates expression of GDNF family receptor-alpha 3 (GFR alpha 3) mRNA in most adrenergic, but only in a minor part (5.3%) of the penis-projecting adult rat major pelvic ganglion neurons, as well as in almost half (45.6%) of the penile S1 dorsal root ganglion neurons. In conclusion, the present data suggest that GDNF may act as a neurotrophic factor for subpopulations of adult rat penile parasympathetic and sensory neurons.
authors.affiliation: Program of Molecular Neurobiology, Institute of Biotechnology, PO Box 56, Viikki Biocenter, 00014 University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland. alaurika@operoni.helsinki.fi
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Laurikainen
authors.forename: J O
authors.initials: JO
authors.lastname: Hiltunen
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vanhatalo
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Klinge
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Saarma
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001370:Axonal Transport; D019771:Axotomy; D005726:Ganglia, Parasympathetic / Q000378:metabolism*; D005727:Ganglia, Spinal / Q000378:metabolism; D015870:Gene Expression; D051100:Glial Cell Line-Derived Neurotrophic Factor; D051097:Glial Cell Line-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Receptors; D017403:In Situ Hybridization; D008297:Male; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D009414:Nerve Growth Factors / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology; D009475:Neurons, Afferent / Q000378:metabolism*; D051101:Neurturin; D010413:Penis / Q000294:innervation / Q000378:metabolism*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D017475:Receptors, Nerve Growth Factor; D014566:Urogenital System / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: C495041:Gdnf protein, rat; C494995:Gfra3 protein, rat; D051100:Glial Cell Line-Derived Neurotrophic Factor; D051097:Glial Cell Line-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Receptors; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D009414:Nerve Growth Factors; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D051101:Neurturin; C495057:Nrtn protein, rat; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; D017475:Receptors, Nerve Growth Factor