title: Tonicity of resuscitative fluids influences outcome after spinal cord injury.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This investigation was designed to test the hypothesis that the tonicity of resuscitative fluids administered after spinal cord injury influences the magnitude of secondary injury and, therefore, outcome.
  
  
  METHODS
  Rat spinal cords were compressed with 50 g of weight for 5 minutes to produce injury. After spinal cord injury, the animals were randomized into three experimental groups. Group 1 (n = 10) received no fluid resuscitation after spinal cord injury. Group 2 (n = 6) received 5 ml/kg of intravenously administered Ringer's lactate 1 minute after the removal of compression. Group 3 (n = 7) was treated with 5 ml/kg of intravenously administered 7.5% hypertonic saline 1 minute after the removal of compression. Neurological outcome was assessed daily for 10 days using the Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan locomotor rating scale. Histological evaluations of the spinal cord were obtained on Day 10.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The average number of recovery days before the rats were able to spontaneously void their bladders was significantly less (P < 0.05) in the hypertonic saline-treated group. Spontaneous hindlimb movement also occurred sooner in the hypertonic saline-treated animals. The average neurological score was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in the hypertonic saline-treated group during each of the 10 days of recovery. Histological evaluation supported the finding of attenuation of injury in the hypertonic saline-treated animals.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of this investigation with a chronic model of spinal cord injury support the contention that hypertonic saline treatment may provide protection to the spinal cord after mechanical injury.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Sumas
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Legos
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Nathan
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Lamperti
authors.forename: R F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Tuma
authors.forename: W F
authors.initials: WF
authors.lastname: Young
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005260:Female; D005440:Fluid Therapy; D006614:Hindlimb / Q000503:physiopathology; D007552:Isotonic Solutions / Q000627:therapeutic use; D009068:Movement; D009420:Nervous System / Q000503:physiopathology; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D020127:Recovery of Function; D012151:Resuscitation; D000077325:Ringer's Lactate; D012462:Saline Solution, Hypertonic / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D013119:Spinal Cord Injuries / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014949:Wounds, Nonpenetrating / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*
chemical_list: D007552:Isotonic Solutions; D000077325:Ringer's Lactate; D012462:Saline Solution, Hypertonic