title: Restoration of shoulder abduction in brachial plexus injury with phrenic nerve transfer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Shoulder abduction is one of the most essential functions in reconstruction of the brachial plexus following injury. In the literature there are few reports on phrenic nerve transfer, especially in relation to restoration of shoulder function. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the clinical effectiveness and safety of phrenic nerve transfer.
  
  
  METHODS
  A study was made of 10 cases of phrenic nerve transfer to the suprascapular nerve.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The average shoulder abduction was 41 degrees (range: 20-60 degrees). The average degree of shoulder abduction in patients with C5 or C6 root avulsions was slightly more than that in the patients with total root avulsions. There was no clinically significant respiratory insufficiency in any patient.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Phrenic nerve transfer to the suprascapular nerve is an effective, reliable and safe method of shoulder abduction restoration in brachial plexus injury.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedics, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand. raasp@mahidol.ac.th
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sungpet
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Suphachatwong
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Kawinwonggowith
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001917:Brachial Plexus / Q000293:injuries* / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000294:innervation; D016067:Nerve Transfer; D010791:Phrenic Nerve / Q000601:surgery*; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular; D020127:Recovery of Function; D012785:Shoulder Joint / Q000503:physiopathology*