title: Flow measurements in dialysis shunts: lack of agreement between conventional Doppler, CVI-Q, and ultrasound dilution.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Measuring flow in dialysis shunts is recommended to predict imminent thrombosis. Multiple methods for measuring blood flow are in use. Numerous ultrasound protocols exist which determine volume flow using a conventional Doppler (CD) frequency shift analysis technique. All of these are subject to potentially large errors. Quantitative colour velocity index (CVI-Q) does not make use of the Doppler equation and is more precise in vitro. Ultrasound dilution (UD) measures access flow during dialysis in a non-operator-dependent way. The aim of the present study was to compare these three methods of measuring access flow in vivo for agreement with each other.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 38 accesses flow was measured by CD, CVI-Q, and UD. All measurements were done during dialysis. Agreement was determined by intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC=R(i)) and Bland-Altman analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  ICC between UD and CVI-Q was R(i)=0.56. ICC between UD and CD was R(i)=0.10, and ICC between CD and CVI-Q was R(i)=0.16. Bland-Altman analysis revealed a bias (mean difference) of -38 ml/min between UD and CVI-Q, a bias of 1129 ml/min between UD and CD, and a bias of 1167 ml/min between CVI-Q and CD.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CD measurements did not agree with UD or CVI-Q much higher values were recorded with the former than with the latter two techniques. The agreement between UD and CVI-Q measurements is low but reasonable. Caution must be applied in comparing and interpreting values of access flow measured by different techniques.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Nephrology, St Franciscus Gasthuis, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: A L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Zanen
authors.forename: I M
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: Toonder
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Korten
authors.forename: C H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Wittens
authors.forename: P N
authors.initials: PN
authors.lastname: Diderich
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity; D002408:Catheters, Indwelling; D006801:Humans; D006435:Renal Dialysis; D014463:Ultrasonography / Q000379:methods*; D018608:Ultrasonography, Doppler