title: Alcohol and adult sexual assault in a national sample of women.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Alcohol use is commonly present in sexual assault incidents, but the nature of its role in these offenses remains unclear. Researchers have argued that the propensity to abuse alcohol generally and the use of alcohol prior to assault by offenders and victims may be associated with increased severity of sexual abuse and physical injury to sexual assault victims. In particular, there is speculation that offender drinking may facilitate offenders' use of greater physical aggression against victims in their attacks, resulting in more serious injuries to victims.
  
  
  METHODS
  The role of alcohol in sexual assault incidents (n = 163) identified from a national sample of women was studied.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the present sample, offender pre-assault drinking and offender aggression used in the offense were each strong predictors of victim physical injury. Victim heavy episodic drinking did not predict victim injury controlling for other assault characteristics, victim and offender drinking prior to assault, and victim demographic characteristics. Drinking by offenders and victims was more common in assaults where victims were less well acquainted with their assailants prior to attack. Higher levels of offender aggression and victim injury were also associated with stranger attacks.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Implications of the results for the study of alcohol and sexual assault are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Criminal Justice (M/C 141), University of Illinois at Chicago, 1007 West Harrison Street, Chicago, IL 60607-7140, USA. seullman@uic.edu
authors.forename: S E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Ullman
authors.forename: L R
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Brecklin
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000374:Aggression / Q000187:drug effects; D000435:Alcoholic Intoxication / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008875:Middle Aged; D011902:Rape / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012307:Risk Factors; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D014947:Wounds and Injuries / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology