title: Anger attacks in depressed Turkish outpatients.
abstract: Anger attacks have been described as sudden spells of anger accompanied by symptoms of autonomic activation and have been experienced by patients as uncharacteristic of them and inappropriate to the situations in which they had occurred. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of anger attacks in a non-Western depressed population. We also wanted to see whether depression in patients with anger attacks was qualitatively different from depression without anger attacks. The Anger Attacks Questionnaire, designed by Fava et al. to assess these attacks, was administered to 88 medication-free consecutive outpatients diagnosed as major depression according to DSM-IV criteria by two psychiatrists. The patients also were assessed by the Beck Depression Inventory, the Beck Anxiety Inventory, the Beck Hopelessness Scale, and the Spielberger's State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory. Forty-three (49%) of these patients had reported having anger attacks. The patients with anger attacks were significantly more depressed and anxious than patients without anger attacks. Anger-out and trait anger measures were significantly higher in depressed patients with anger attacks than patients without anger attacks. Patients with anger attacks also scored higher in hopelessness measure and there was a trend toward statistical significance. Our results are in line with previous literature which show, that anger attacks are prevalent in depressed patients. We also conclude that patients with anger attacks constitute a more depressed population than those without anger attacks. Severity of depression emerges as the strongest predictor of the presence of anger attacks in our study.
authors.affiliation: Vakif Gureba Training and Research Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, Istanbul, Turkey. mkemalsayar@superonline.com
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sayar
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Guzelhan
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Solmaz
authors.forename: O A
authors.initials: OA
authors.lastname: Ozer
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ozturk
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Acar
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Arikan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000786:Anger; D001007:Anxiety; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000150:complications* / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010045:Outpatients; D011594:Psychometrics; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D014421:Turkey