Occupational exposure, environmental pollution and chronic respiratory symptoms in Vietnam.
Since the introduction of the market economy in 1986, Vietnam has been in the process of rapid economic development. However, the current state of affairs in the industries is very profit-oriented and due consideration is not given to the occupational health services and environmental health. In order to investigate the relationship among occupational exposure to dust/chemicals (toxic gases/fume), environmental pollution and chronic respiratory symptoms in Vietnam, the questionnaire standardized by the American Thoracic Society was applied to 1,562 subjects living in the Quang Ninh area and its surroundings, North Vietnam. Chronic respiratory symptoms such as cough, phlegm, wheezing and breathlessness appeared from the questionnaire. According to the results of multiple logistic regression analyses, among current non-smokers, the odds ratios of chronic respiratory symptoms with a history of occupational exposure to dust, living in polluted district and age were over unity. Especially for cough, significantly higher odds ratios were observed among those with the history of occupational exposure to dust: 2.248 (95% confidential interval: 1.642-3.077). Among current smokers, the odds ratios of chronic respiratory symptoms with the history of occupational exposure to dust were over unity. These results indicate that the history of occupational exposure to dust, living in polluted area and age cause non-smokers to have chronic respiratory symptoms, and also that the history of occupational exposure to dust affect the current smokers.
Yamamoto
M
M
Department of Preventive Medicine and Community Health, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan.
Tsurugi
Y
Y
Matsuda
S
S
Luong
N A
NA
D000328:Adult; D002908:Chronic Disease; D004787:Environmental Pollution / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects*; D012140:Respiratory Tract Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014744:Vietnam / Q000453:epidemiology