title: Pharmacologic and potential biologic interventions to restore bladder function after spinal cord injury.
abstract: Spinal cord injury disrupts voluntary control of voiding and the normal reflex pathways that coordinate bladder and urethral sphincter function. The present review addresses studies in animals and humans that have evaluated various therapeutic approaches for normalizing lower urinary tract function after spinal cord injury.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pennsylvania 15261, USA. nyos+@pitt.edu
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yoshimura
authors.forename: C P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: M B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Chancellor
authors.forename: W C
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: de Groat
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D006801:Humans; D013119:Spinal Cord Injuries / Q000150:complications*; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000502:physiology*; D001745:Urinary Bladder Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*