title: Gender and treatment differences in knowledge, health beliefs, and metabolic control in Mexican Americans with type 2 diabetes.
abstract: The purpose of this project was to describe metabolic control, knowledge, and health beliefs of Mexican Americans with type 2 diabetes.
  
  
  
  The study site was Starr County, Texas, a border community located on the Rio Grande River and bordering northern Mexico. Of the total sample of 360 persons, 252 agreed to participate in this intervention study and were randomized either to the treatment group or the control group that waited 1 year to begin the intervention.
  
  
  
  The majority of individuals were Spanish-speaking females with a mean age of 54 years and a mean diabetes duration of 8 years. For those treated with diet only, males exhibited higher fasting blood glucose levels than females. Gender effects were seen for cholesterol level, with females exhibiting higher levels than males. Males expressed stronger perceptions of control and social support for diet. Bivariate relationships were found between acculturation and diabetes knowledge. The health belief subscales of control and impact on job together explained 16% of the variance in HbA1c values.
  
  
  
  Males and females held differing beliefs about ability to control their diabetes and degree of social support for diet. The impact of gender differences on ability to integrate diabetes self-care and on effectiveness of diabetes programs has not been determined but should be considered in future research.
authors.affiliation: The University of Texas at Austin, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (Dr Brown)
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (Dr Harrist and Ms Barton)
authors.forename: R B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Harrist
authors.affiliation: Bayer Pharmaceutical Company, San Antonio, Texas (Ms Villagomez)
authors.forename: E T
authors.initials: ET
authors.lastname: Villagomez
authors.affiliation: Starr County Memorial Hospital, Rio Grande City, Texas (Mr Segura)
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Segura
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (Dr Harrist and Ms Barton)
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Barton
authors.affiliation: The Human Genetics Center, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (Dr Hanis)
authors.forename: C L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Hanis
mesh_terms: D001294:Attitude to Health / Q000208:ethnology*; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D003153:Community Health Services / Q000458:organization & administration; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000517:prevention & control; D005260:Female; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008571:Men / Q000523:psychology*; D017058:Mexican Americans / Q000523:psychology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D010353:Patient Education as Topic / Q000458:organization & administration*; D012657:Self-Help Groups / Q000458:organization & administration; D012737:Sex Factors; D013781:Texas; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014930:Women / Q000523:psychology*
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose