title: Golgi complex, endoplasmic reticulum exit sites, and microtubules in skeletal muscle fibers are organized by patterned activity.
abstract: The Golgi complex of skeletal muscle fibers is made of thousands of dispersed elements. The distributions of these elements and of the microtubules they associate with differ in fast compared with slow and in innervated compared with denervated fibers. To investigate the role of muscle impulse activity, we denervated fast extensor digitorum longus (EDL) and slow soleus (SOL) muscles of adult rats and stimulated them directly with patterns that resemble the impulse patterns of normal fast EDL (25 pulses at 150 Hz every 15 min) and slow SOL (200 pulses at 20 Hz every 30 sec) motor units. After 2 weeks of denervation plus stimulation, peripheral and central regions of muscle fibers were examined by immunofluorescence microscopy with regard to density and distribution of Golgi complex, microtubules, glucose transporter GLUT4, centrosomes, and endoplasmic reticulum exit sites. In extrajunctional regions, fast pattern stimulation preserved normal fast characteristics of all markers in EDL type IIB/IIX fibers, although inducing changes toward the fast phenotype in originally slow type I SOL fibers, such as a 1.5-fold decrease of the density of Golgi elements at the fiber surface. Slow pattern stimulation had converse effects such as a 2.2-fold increase of the density of Golgi elements at the EDL fiber surface. In junctional regions, where fast and slow fibers are similar, both stimulation patterns prevented a denervation-induced accumulation of GLUT4. The results indicate that patterns of muscle impulse activity, as normally imposed by motor neurons, play a major role in regulating the organization of Golgi complex and related proteins in the extrajunctional region of muscle fibers.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Neurobiology, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-4062, USA. RalstonE@ninds.nih.gov
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ralston
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ploug
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kalhovde
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Lomo
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004558:Electric Stimulation / Q000379:methods; D004721:Endoplasmic Reticulum / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D051275:Glucose Transporter Type 4; D006056:Golgi Apparatus / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D008297:Male; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D008870:Microtubules / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D009004:Monosaccharide Transport Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D009121:Muscle Denervation; D018656:Muscle Fibers, Fast-Twitch / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure; D018485:Muscle Fibers, Skeletal / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D018657:Muscle Fibers, Slow-Twitch / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure; D009124:Muscle Proteins; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000294:innervation / Q000502:physiology* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D018995:Myosin Heavy Chains / Q000378:metabolism; D009469:Neuromuscular Junction / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure; D009473:Neuronal Plasticity / Q000502:physiology; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar
chemical_list: D051275:Glucose Transporter Type 4; D009004:Monosaccharide Transport Proteins; D009124:Muscle Proteins; C495694:Slc2a4 protein, rat; D018995:Myosin Heavy Chains