title: New Clarion electrode with positioner: insertion studies.
abstract: A new straight thin electrode array (universal electrode) was designed to be used together with a positioner, which will place the electrode array at the medial wall (modiolus) of the cochlea. The study objectives were to demonstrate safety and ease of insertion, tissue trauma, electrode position, and depth for universal and standard electrodes in human temporal bones; to test functional properties in cats; and to determine the surgical procedure and electrophysiological benefits in a clinical study. The cadaver study demonstrated the ease of insertion for the universal electrode and the positioner without tissue damage. An average gain of insertion depth of 180 degrees was achieved with the positioner. Animal studies demonstrated a reduction in threshold of 6 dB for the electrical auditory brain stem response (EABR). Neither additional cochlear damage nor additional connective tissue formation was found. The intraoperative human study findings showed a marked reduction of threshold for both EABR and stapedius reflex thresholds. Impedances were increased. Plain x-rays demonstrated modiolus proximity of the electrode with the positioner. The new Clarion electrode with positioner is a relatively safe design for providing modiolus proximity. The electrophysiological benefits include reduction of threshold and power consumption.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, Medical University of Hannover, Germany.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Lenarz
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kuzma
authors.forename: B P
authors.initials: BP
authors.lastname: Weber
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Reuter
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Neuburger
authors.forename: R D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Battmer
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Goldring
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D002102:Cadaver; D002415:Cats; D019929:Cochlear Implantation; D003054:Cochlear Implants; D004867:Equipment Design; D016057:Evoked Potentials, Auditory, Brain Stem; D006801:Humans; D016343:Monitoring, Intraoperative; D013701:Temporal Bone / Q000601:surgery