title: Surface analysis of machined versus sandblasted and acid-etched titanium implants.
abstract: Initially, implant surface analyses were performed on 10 machined implants and on 10 sandblasted and acid-etched implants. Subsequently, sandblasted and acid-etched implant cytotoxicity (using L929 mouse fibroblasts), morphologic differences between cells (osteoblast-like cells MG63) adhering to the machined implant surfaces, and cell anchorage to sandblasted and acid-etched implant surfaces were evaluated. Results indicated that acid etching with 1% hydrofluoric acid/30% nitric acid after sandblasting eliminated residual alumina particles. The average roughness (Ra) of sandblasted and acid-etched surfaces was about 2.15 microns. Cytotoxicity tests showed that sandblasted and acid-etched implants had non-cytotoxic cellular effects and appeared to be biocompatible. Scanning electron microscopic examination showed that the surface roughness produced by sandblasting and acid etching could affect cell adhesion mechanisms. Osteoblast-like cells adhering to the machined implants presented a very flat configuration, while the same cells adhering to the sandblasted and acid-etched surfaces showed an irregular morphology and many pseudopodi. These morphologic irregularities could improve initial cell anchorage, providing better osseointegration for sandblasted and acid-etched implants.
authors.affiliation: Dental School, University of Chieti, Chieti, Italy.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Orsini
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Assenza
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Scarano
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Piattelli
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Piattelli
mesh_terms: D000134:Acid Etching, Dental; D000537:Aluminum Oxide / Q000737:chemistry; D000818:Animals; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000737:chemistry; D002448:Cell Adhesion; D002460:Cell Line; D003602:Cytotoxicity, Immunologic; D015921:Dental Implants; D003764:Dental Materials / Q000737:chemistry*; D017267:Dental Prosthesis Design; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D006858:Hydrofluoric Acid / Q000737:chemistry; D008669:Metallurgy; D051379:Mice; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D017942:Nitric Acid / Q000737:chemistry; D016348:Osseointegration; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000473:pathology; D011554:Pseudopodia / Q000648:ultrastructure; D013499:Surface Properties; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D015921:Dental Implants; D003764:Dental Materials; D017942:Nitric Acid; D014025:Titanium; D000537:Aluminum Oxide; D006858:Hydrofluoric Acid