title: Steep learning curve of laparoscopic splenectomy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In 1992, Ochsner Foundation Hospital was among the first institutions in which laparoscopic splenectomy was performed. The aim of this study is to review our experience and discuss the lessons learned.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective review of 33 cases of laparoscopic splenectomy for idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) (N = 22), autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) (5), thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) (2), and other disorders (4) at Ochsner Foundation Hospital between 1992 and 1999 was conducted. Several measures, including rates of conversion to open splenectomy, were recorded and analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 33 cases, 26 (79%) were completed laparoscopically. Four were converted to an open procedure secondary to bleeding and three secondary to difficulty in dissection. Six conversions to open surgery were necessary during the first eight laparoscopic splenectomies and only one during our last 25 cases. Two patients required reoperations for bleeding. The average hospital stay after laparoscopic splenectomy was 2.3 days; eight patients stayed only 1 day. All of the TTP patients, 86% of the patients with ITP, and 40% of those with AIHA responded well to splenectomy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Laparoscopic splenectomy is a safe although complex procedure. Bleeding is the major complication but has been less common with experience. Even with today's technology, very large spleens are still extremely difficult to remove. With the short recovery and ready acceptance of patients and physicians, this technique is being used with increasing frequency. A significant learning curve exists for the safe completion of this challenging procedure.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Ochsner Clinic and Alton Ochsner Medical Foundation, New Orleans, Louisiana 70121, USA.
authors.forename: R W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Bagdasarian
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Bolton
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Bowen
authors.forename: G M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Fuhrman
authors.forename: W S
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Richardson
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002648:Child; D002983:Clinical Competence; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D010535:Laparoscopy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013156:Splenectomy / Q000379:methods*; D013158:Splenic Diseases / Q000601:surgery*