title: Modulation of the nuclear factor kappa B pathway by Shp-2 tyrosine phosphatase in mediating the induction of interleukin (IL)-6 by IL-1 or tumor necrosis factor.
abstract: Shp-2, a src homology (SH)2-containing phosphotyrosine phosphatase, appears to be involved in cytoplasmic signaling downstream of a variety of cell surface receptors, although the mechanism is unclear. Here, we have determined a role of Shp-2 in the cytokine circuit for inflammatory and immune responses. Production of interleukin (IL)-6 in response to IL-1 alpha or tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha was nearly abolished in homozygous mutant (Shp-2(-/)-) fibroblast cells. The targeted Shp-2 mutation has no significant effect on the activation of the three types of mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases, extracellular signal-regulated kinase (Erk), c-Jun NH(2)-terminal kinase (Jnk), and p38, by IL-1/TNF, indicating that Shp-2 does not work through MAP kinase pathways in mediating IL-1/TNF-induced IL-6 synthesis. In contrast, IL-1/TNF-stimulated nuclear factor (NF)-kappa B DNA binding activity and inhibitor of kappa B (I kappa B) phosphorylation was dramatically decreased in Shp-2(-/)- cells, while the expression and activity of NF-kappa B-inducing kinase (NIK), Akt, and I kappa B kinase (IKK) were not changed. Reintroduction of a wild-type Shp-2 protein into Shp-2(-/)- cells rescued NF-kappa B activation and IL-6 production in response to IL-1/TNF stimulation. Furthermore, Shp-2 tyrosine phosphatase was detected in complexes with IKK as well as with IL-1 receptor. Thus, this SH2-containing enzyme is an important cytoplasmic factor required for efficient NF-kappa B activation. These results elucidate a novel mechanism of Shp-2 in cytokine signaling by specifically modulating the NF-kappa B pathway in a MAP kinase-independent fashion.
authors.affiliation: Burnham Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, USA.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: You
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Flick
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: G S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Feng
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D009154:Mutation; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism*; D010641:Phenotype; D054592:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 11; D053824:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 6; D017027:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction; D018808:Transcription Factor AP-1 / Q000378:metabolism; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D007375:Interleukin-1; D015850:Interleukin-6; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D016328:NF-kappa B; D018808:Transcription Factor AP-1; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D054592:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 11; D053824:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 6; D017027:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases; C516725:Ptpn11 protein, mouse; C509248:Ptpn6 protein, mouse