title: Heart failure etiology affects peripheral vascular endothelial function after cardiac transplantation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The goal of this study was to examine the effect of heart failure etiology on peripheral vascular endothelial function in cardiac transplant recipients.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Peripheral vascular endothelial dysfunction occurs in patients with heart failure of either ischemic or nonischemic etiology. The effect of heart failure etiology on peripheral endothelial function after cardiac transplantation is unknown.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using brachial artery ultrasound, endothelium-dependent, flow-mediated dilation (FMD) was assessed in patients with heart failure with either nonischemic cardiomyopathy (n = 10) or ischemic cardiomyopathy (n = 7), cardiac transplant recipients with prior nonischemic cardiomyopathy (n = 10) or prior ischemic cardiomyopathy (n = 10) and normal controls (n = 10).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients with heart failure with either ischemic cardiomyopathy or nonischemic cardiomyopathy had impaired FMD (3.6 +/- 1.0% and 5.1 +/- 1.2%, respectively, p = NS) compared with normal subjects (13.9 +/- 1.3%, p < 0.01 compared with either heart failure group). In transplant recipients with antecedent nonischemic cardiomyopathy, FMD was markedly higher than that of heart failure patients with nonischemic cardiomyopathy (13.0 +/- 2.4%, p < 0.001) and similar to that of normal subjects (p = NS). However, FMD remained impaired in transplant recipients with prior ischemic cardiomyopathy (5.5 +/- 1.5%, p = 0.001 compared with normal, p = 0.002 vs. transplant recipients with previous nonischemic cardiomyopathy).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Peripheral vascular endothelial function is normal in cardiac transplant recipients with antecedent nonischemic cardiomyopathy, but remains impaired in those with prior ischemic cardiomyopathy. In contrast, endothelial function is uniformly abnormal for patients with heart failure, regardless of etiology. These findings indicate that cardiac transplantation corrects peripheral endothelial function for patients without ischemic heart disease, but not in those with prior atherosclerotic coronary disease.
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Imaging and Hemodynamic Laboratory, New England Medical Center Hospitals Inc, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02111, USA.
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.forename: J T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Kuvin
authors.forename: N G
authors.initials: NG
authors.lastname: Pandian
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Udelson
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Mendelsohn
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Konstam
authors.forename: R H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Karas
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001916:Brachial Artery / Q000503:physiopathology; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D016027:Heart Transplantation / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017202:Myocardial Ischemia / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D012307:Risk Factors; D014664:Vasodilation / Q000502:physiology*