title: Free fatty acid-induced inhibition of glucose and insulin-like growth factor I-induced deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis in the pancreatic beta-cell line INS-1.
abstract: Pancreatic beta-cell mitogenesis is increased by insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) in a glucose-dependent manner. In this study it was found that alternative beta-cell nutrient fuels to glucose, pyruvate, and glutamine/leucine independently induced and provided a platform for IGF-I to induce INS-1 cell DNA synthesis in the absence of serum. In contrast, long chain FFA (>/=C(12)) inhibited 15 mM glucose-induced [(3)H]thymidine incorporation (+/-10 nM IGF-I) by 95% or more within 24 h above 0.2 mM FFA complexed to 1% BSA (K(0.5) for palmitate/1% BSA = 65-85 microM for 24 h; t(0.5) for 0.2 mM palmitate/1% BSA = approximately 6 h). FFA-mediated inhibition of glucose/IGF-I-induced ss-cell DNA synthesis was reversible, and FFA oxidation did not appear to be required, nor did FFA interfere with glucose metabolism in INS-1 cells. An examination of mitogenic signal transduction pathways in INS-1 cells revealed that glucose/IGF-I induction of early signaling elements in SH2-containing protein (Shc)- and insulin receptor substrate-1/2-mediated pathways leading to downstream mitogen-activated protein kinase and phosphoinositol 3'-kinase activation, were unaffected by FFA. However, glucose-/IGF-I-induced activation of protein kinase B (PKB) was significantly inhibited, and protein kinase Czeta was chronically activated by FFA. It is possible that FFA-mediated inhibition of ss-cell mitogenesis contributes to the reduction of beta-cell mass and the subsequent failure to compensate for peripheral insulin resistance in vivo that is key to the pathogenesis of obesity-linked diabetes.
authors.affiliation: Pacific Northwest Research Institute, and Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98122, USA.
authors.forename: S P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Cousin
authors.forename: S R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Hügl
authors.forename: C E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Wrede
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kajio
authors.forename: M G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Myers
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Rhodes
mesh_terms: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D000818:Animals; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects*; D002460:Cell Line; D004247:DNA / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000187:drug effects; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051380:GRB2 Adaptor Protein; D005947:Glucose / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007515:Islets of Langerhans / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D007700:Kinetics; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D019308:Palmitic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D011493:Protein Kinase C / Q000378:metabolism; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D011506:Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D018909:src Homology Domains; D000099221:Protein Kinase C zeta
chemical_list: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D004247:DNA; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; D051380:GRB2 Adaptor Protein; D005947:Glucose; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D019308:Palmitic Acid; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; D011493:Protein Kinase C; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D011506:Proteins; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D000099221:Protein Kinase C zeta