title: Oral combination of cyclophosphamide, uracil plus tegafur and estramustine for hormone-refractory prostate cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the clinical usefulness of an oral combination of cyclophosphamide, uracil plus tegafur (UFT) and estramustine in the treatment of patients with hormone-refractory prostate cancer (HRPC).
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-one patients were treated with oral administration of cyclophosphamide (100 mg/day), UFT (400 mg/day) and estramustine phosphate (560 mg/day). The median age of the patients was 70 years. Twelve patients had symptomatic bone metastasis, 6 had asymptomatic bone metastasis, 5 had lymph node metastasis, while 2 had only biochemical progression evaluated by prostate-specific antigen (PSA).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twelve (57%) out of 21 patients showed a PSA decline of 50% or greater. The median response duration was 7 months (range 2-15 months). Among the 20 patients assessable for bone pain, 2 (10%) improved, 12 (60%) remained stable and 6 (30%) progressed. Among the 10 patients assessable for bone metastasis, 1 (10%) improved, 5 (50%) were stable and 4 (40%) progressed on bone scan. Among 3 patients assessable for measurable disease (lymph node metastasis), 2 (67%) showed partial response and 1 (33%) progression. Most toxicities were mild.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The combination of cyclophosphamide, UFT and estramustine is an active and well-tolerated regimen for HRPC. To evaluate the survival benefit, further randomized studies are required.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan. kazu@uro.med.osaka-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nishimura
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nonomura
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ono
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nozawa
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fukui
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Harada
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Imazu
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Takaha
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sugao
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Miki
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Okuyama
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000726:Androgen Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000964:Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic / Q000008:administration & dosage; D018906:Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating / Q000008:administration & dosage; D018931:Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001859:Bone Neoplasms / Q000556:secondary; D003520:Cyclophosphamide / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004961:Estramustine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D006801:Humans; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000097:blood; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D005641:Tegafur / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014498:Uracil / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D014554:Urination
chemical_list: D000726:Androgen Antagonists; D000964:Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic; D018906:Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating; D018931:Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal; D005641:Tegafur; D004961:Estramustine; D014498:Uracil; D003520:Cyclophosphamide; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen