title: A randomized, double blind study in young healthy adults comparing cell mediated and humoral immune responses induced by influenza ISCOM vaccines and conventional vaccines.
abstract: Although current influenza vaccines have been shown to reduce influenza-related morbidity and mortality, there is a desire to develop more efficacious products. Vaccines which can induce CD8(+) cytotoxic T cell (CTL) responses in addition to strong antibody responses may be more effective in preventing disease since it has been demonstrated that CTL contribute to protective immunity, even against drift variants of influenza A viruses. The immunogenicity of two types of experimental influenza vaccines, which were based on immune stimulating complexes (ISCOM), were evaluated and compared with a conventional non-adjuvanted inactivated split virion vaccine, after immunization of human volunteers. In this randomized, double blind study, it was shown that the ISCOM vaccines altered the kinetics of the serum antibody response, resulting in more rapid titer rises against the vaccine strains. This accelerated antibody response coincided with enhanced in vitro proliferative T cell responses, which were observed shortly after vaccination. In addition, CTL responses were observed in a higher proportion of the vaccinees receiving an ISCOM vaccine, than in vaccinees receiving the conventional influenza vaccine.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Virology, Erasmus University Rotterdam, PO Box 1738, 3000 DR, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: G F
authors.initials: GF
authors.lastname: Rimmelzwaan
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nieuwkoop
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Brandenburg
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sutter
authors.forename: W E
authors.initials: WE
authors.lastname: Beyer
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Maher
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bates
authors.forename: A D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Osterhaus
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D006801:Humans; D016882:ISCOMs / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007252:Influenza Vaccines / Q000276:immunology*; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation; D008875:Middle Aged; D013602:T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D016882:ISCOMs; D007252:Influenza Vaccines