title: Sex differences in the prognosis of congestive heart failure: results from the Cardiac Insufficiency Bisoprolol Study (CIBIS II).
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Whether female sex is associated with a better prognosis in patients with congestive heart failure (CHF) remains uncertain. The Cardiac Insufficiency Bisoprolol Study (CIBIS) II showed that bisoprolol reduced all-cause mortality and morbidity rates in CHF patients treated with diuretics and ACE inhibitors. We examined whether survival was different in men (n=2132) and women (n=515) enrolled in CIBIS II.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Women differed from men with regard to age, NYHA functional classification, primary cause of CHF, and risk factors such as left bundle-branch block. After adjustment for baseline differences, the probability of all-cause mortality was significantly reduced by 36% in women compared with that in men (hazard ratio 0.64, 95% CI 0.47 to 0.86, P:=0.003). Women also had a 39% reduction in cardiovascular deaths (hazard ratio 0.64, 95% CI 0.45 to 0.91, P:=0.01) and a 70% reduction in deaths from pump failure (hazard ratio 0.30, 95% CI 0.13 to 0.70, P:=0.005) compared with men. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis revealed a significant reduction in all-cause mortality among women treated with bisoprolol compared with men (6% versus 12% P:=0.01) but not among women treated with placebo (13% versus 18%, P:=0.10). However, this sex/ss-blocker effect was not significant in multivariate analysis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results indicate that regardless of ss-blocker treatment and baseline clinical profile, female sex is a significant independent predictor of survival in patients with CHF.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, INSERM SC4, Paris VI University, Saint Antoine University Hospital, Rue Chaligny, Paris, France. tabassome.simon@chusa.jussieu.fr
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Simon
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mary-Krause
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Funck-Brentano
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Jaillon
mesh_terms: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000368:Aged; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017298:Bisoprolol / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D011379:Prognosis; D012737:Sex Factors; D016019:Survival Analysis
chemical_list: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D017298:Bisoprolol