title: Role of the peripheral intravenous catheter in false-positive D-dimer testing.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether inserting a peripheral intravenous catheter (IV) can significantly increase the circulating D-dimer concentration.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty healthy young adult volunteers underwent cannulation of an antecubital vein with a 20-gauge Teflon IV. Time 0 venous blood was drawn during IV insertion. The IV was salinelocked and left in place for 90 minutes, at which time a second venipuncture was performed in a contralateral antecubital vein (+90 min). A qualitative D-dimer assay [erythrocyte-agglutination assay, SimpliRED (SRDD)] and a quantitative spectrophotometric assay [enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (EIA), Dimertest Gold] were performed on all samples. Time 0 means (+/-SD) were compared with +90 min means by paired t-test, and SRDD pairs were compared with McNemar's test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Time 0 initial venipuncture blood samples yielded a mean D-dimer concentration of 15 +/- 24 ng/mL, with 2/20 SRDD tests read as positive (95% CI = 1% to 32%). At +90 min, the D-dimer concentration was 33 +/- 21 ng/mL (p = 0.04 vs time 0), with 5/20 SRDD tests read as positive (95% CI = 9% to 49%, p = 0.248).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Insertion of an IV increased the circulating D-dimer concentration (determined by EIA), but did not lead to a significant increase in false-positive conversion of the SRDD. An effort should be made to perform D-dimer testing on "first-stick" blood to optimize specificity. However, a strongly positive D-dimer reaction cannot be ascribed to the presence of an IV.
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, NC, USA.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Heffner
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kline
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000933:Antifibrinolytic Agents / Q000097:blood*; D002406:Catheterization, Peripheral; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005189:False Positive Reactions; D005260:Female; D005338:Fibrin Fibrinogen Degradation Products / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D018962:Phlebotomy; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011655:Pulmonary Embolism / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis
chemical_list: D000933:Antifibrinolytic Agents; D005338:Fibrin Fibrinogen Degradation Products; C036309:fibrin fragment D