title: Video-intuboscopic monitoring of tracheal intubation in pediatric patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the efficacy of video-intuboscopic monitoring during orotracheal intubation in a pediatric anesthesia teaching unit.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 100 pediatric patients direct laryngoscopy performed by residents or nurse anesthetists was monitored on a video display using a flexible, ultralight video-endoscopic system (O.D. 2.8 mm/length 1.8 m) within the endotracheal tube (ETT). Best direct laryngoscopic view was assessed by the intubator. The instructor observed the intubation procedure on the video display and noted number of intubation attempts, best laryngoscopic monitor view, tube passage through the larynx and final tube position. If required he gave instructions or corrections. After removal of the laryngoscope, tracheal tube position was adjusted using the monitor view. Difficulties attributed to the fibreoptic endoscope during intubation and removal from the ETT were recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The trachea was successfully intubated at the first attempt in all patients. The supervisor detected one esophageal and 12 endobronchial intubations that were immediately corrected before starting ventilation. Final visualized endotracheal tube adjustment above the carina was possible in all patients except in one with copious tracheal secretions. Compared with direct laryngoscopy the video display provided an improved view of the vocal cords during intubation. In six patients direct laryngoscopy was difficult but the tracheas were intubated using the monitor view. No difficulties with the equipment were encountered except that the black coated endoscope compromised recognition of the black ETT depth-markings in small tubes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Video-intuboscopic monitoring is a useful monitor of tracheal intubation. "The improved view of the cords may provide assistance during difficult laryngoscopy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesia, University Children's Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland. markus.weiss@kispi.unizh.ch
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Weiss
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Schwarz
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Dillier
authors.forename: A C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Gerber
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000758:Anesthesia; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007442:Intubation, Intratracheal; D020704:Laryngoscopes; D007828:Laryngoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male