title: Intestinal metaplasia in patients with columnar lined esophagus is associated with high levels of duodenogastroesophageal reflux.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the rate of duodenogastroesophageal reflux in patients with columnar lined esophagus compared with patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease without columnar lined esophagus, and to analyze whether it is related to the presence of specialized columnar epithelium in the metaplastic segment.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  The carcinomatous degeneration of columnar lined esophagus originates from a specialized columnar epithelium. The appearance of this metaplastic phenomenon is clearly related to severe prolonged gastroesophageal reflux, but only some of these patients finally develop columnar lined esophagus. For this reason other factors have been suggested, particularly the role played by the reflux of duodenal contents into the esophagus.
  
  
  METHODS
  The authors studied 15 healthy volunteers (control group), 10 patients with reflux symptoms but without endoscopic lesions, 20 patients with reflux esophagitis without columnar lined esophagus, and 35 patients with columnar lined esophagus (complicated with ulcers or stenosis in 8 cases), of whom 22 had intestinal metaplasia. To assess the reflux of duodenal contents into the esophagus, all the patients underwent Bilitec 2000 and 24-hour esophageal pH monitoring.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The presence of bilirubin in the material refluxed into the esophagus was greater in the patients with columnar lined esophagus than in the rest of the groups. Likewise, duodenogastroesophageal reflux was greater in the columnar lined esophagus patients who had intestinal metaplasia.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Duodenogastroesophageal reflux may play a major role in the development of columnar lined esophagus, especially in patients with intestinal metaplasia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Virgen de la Arrixaca University Hospital, Murcia, Spain.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Martinez de Haro
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ortiz
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Parrilla
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Munitiz
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Molina
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bermejo
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rios
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001663:Bilirubin / Q000378:metabolism; D004947:Esophagus / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D005764:Gastroesophageal Reflux / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D008679:Metaplasia; D008875:Middle Aged; D018670:Monitoring, Ambulatory; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric
chemical_list: D001663:Bilirubin