title: T-lymphocyte coactivator molecules.
abstract: T-cell recognition and activation occurs within a specialized area of contact known as the immunologic synapse, localized to areas of glycolipid-enriched membrane microdomains. Within this area, T-cell activation is dependent not only upon specific recognition of peptide antigen embedded within molecules of the major histocompatibility complex, but also on a variety of costimulatory receptors and interactions. Engagement of T-cell receptor (TCR) with antigen alone will induce T-cell unresponsiveness; ligation of the coreceptor CD28 will prevent the induction of unresponsiveness. Novel costimulatory molecules belonging to both the CD28 and TNF/TNFR superfamilies have recently been identified. These receptors appear to act at different stages of T-cell differentiation and activation, have been shown to play a role in promoting different T-cell effector functions, and are important for B-cell differentiation and function.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Lymphocyte Biology, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
authors.forename: L I
authors.initials: LI
authors.lastname: Salazar-Fontana
authors.forename: B E
authors.initials: BE
authors.lastname: Bierer
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000276:immunology; D018122:B7-1 Antigen / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000276:immunology*; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD; D018122:B7-1 Antigen