title: Intraoperative radiotherapy for primary and locally recurrent soft tissue sarcoma: morbidity and long-term prognosis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Soft tissue sarcoma has a high risk of local recurrence. Therefore, extensive surgical resection has been combined with radiotherapy to improve long-term results. Because external beam radiation doses may be limited by adjacent radiosensitive tissue, intraoperative boost radiation has been devised to achieve a higher total radiation dose in combination with external beam radiotherapy. We report our experience with this multimodal approach for primary and recurrent soft tissue sarcoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  Clinical and pathological data were extracted from a prospective data base including all patients with a diagnosis of soft tissue sarcoma treated at the Department of Surgery, University of Heidelberg between 1988 and 1999. Intraoperative radiotherapy dosages were 12-15 Gy for the extremities and 15-18 Gy for the trunk and the retroperitoneum. Additional external beam radiotherapy was given at 40 Gy, whenever possible.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Between 1988 and 1999, a total of 251 patients with primary or recurrent soft tissue sarcoma of the extremities, the trunk or the retroperitoneum were treated. The mean (+/- SD) age of 136 men and 115 women was 53+/-16 years. Five of 251 patients died post-operatively, giving a mortality rate of 2.0%. Intraoperative radiotherapy (IORT) was used in 92 patients (37%). Surgical complications were more frequent in IORT patients (30 of 92; 33%) compared to non-IORT patients (36 of 159; 23% P=0.1). Infectious complications were significantly more frequent in patients receiving IORT (P=0.03). Two hundred and four patients were macroscopically tumour-free (R0, R1 resection). For these patients multivariate analysis identified grading (relative risk (RR) 3.1-6.6; P<0.001), age (over 55 years; (RR) 1.8: P<0.008) and tumour location in the retroperitoneum (RR 2.2; P<0.004) as independently associated with recurrence-free survival. The use of IORT (P<0.02) reduced the relative risk of death or recurrence by 40% (RR 0.6; P<0.02). Sex, primary vs. recurrent tumour, T classification and R-status (R0 vs. R1) were not significantly related to recurrence-free survival.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this prospective, non-randomized study of soft tissue sarcoma IORT was associated with a higher rate of infectious complications, but the the risk of death or recurrence was reduced by 40%.
authors.affiliation: Section of Surgical Oncology, University of Heidelberg, Germany. thomas_lenhert@med.uni-heidelberg.de
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Lehnert
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schwarzbach
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Willeke
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Treiber
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Hinz
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Wannenmacher
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Herfarth
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000532:radiotherapy* / Q000601:surgery*; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011879:Radiotherapy Dosage; D018714:Radiotherapy, Adjuvant / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods; D012306:Risk; D012509:Sarcoma / Q000532:radiotherapy* / Q000601:surgery*; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome