title: Augmentation of tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL)-induced apoptosis by the synthetic retinoid 6-[3-(1-adamantyl)-4-hydroxyphenyl]-2-naphthalene carboxylic acid (CD437) through up-regulation of TRAIL receptors in human lung cancer cells.
abstract: Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) induces apoptosis via the death receptors DR4 and DR5 in different transformed cells in vitro and exhibits potent antitumor activity in vivo with minor side effects. The synthetic retinoid CD437 is a potent inducer of apoptosis in cancer cells through increased levels of death receptors. We demonstrate that treatment of human lung cancer cells with a combination of suboptimal concentrations of CD437 and TRAIL enhanced induction of apoptosis in tumor cell lines with wild-type p53 but not in normal lung epithelial cells. CD437 up-regulated DR4 and DR5 expression. The CD437 and TRAIL combination enhanced activation of caspase-3, caspase-7, caspase-8, and caspase-9 and the subsequent cleavage of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase and DNA fragmentation factor 45. Caspase inhibitors blocked the induction of apoptosis by this combination. Moreover, this combination induced Bid cleavage and increased cytochrome c release from mitochondria. These results suggest that the mechanism of enhanced apoptosis by this combination involves p53-dependent increase of death receptors by CD437, activation of these receptors by TRAIL, enhanced Bid cleavage, release of cytochrome c, and activation of caspase-3, caspase-7, caspase-8, and caspase-9. These findings suggest a novel strategy for the prevention and treatment of human lung cancer with the CD437 and TRAIL combination.
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA. ssun@mdanderson.org
authors.forename: S Y
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Yue
authors.forename: W K
authors.initials: WK
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lotan
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins; D015152:Blotting, Northern; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism; D053148:Caspase 3; D053179:Caspase 7; D053181:Caspase 8; D053453:Caspase 9; D061945:Caspase Inhibitors; D020169:Caspases / Q000378:metabolism; D003574:Cytochrome c Group / Q000378:metabolism; D053938:DNA Fragmentation; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000378:metabolism; D016158:Genes, p53; D006801:Humans; D008168:Lung / Q000378:metabolism; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000378:metabolism; D011065:Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases / Q000378:metabolism; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / Q000378:metabolism; D053220:Receptors, TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor / Q000378:metabolism*; D012176:Retinoids / Q000494:pharmacology*; D053221:TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism*; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins; C099555:CD 437; D061945:Caspase Inhibitors; D003574:Cytochrome c Group; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D053220:Receptors, TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor; D012176:Retinoids; D053221:TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand; C105190:TNFRSF10A protein, human; C505639:TNFRSF10B protein, human; C505653:TNFSF10 protein, human; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D011065:Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases; C505407:CASP3 protein, human; C505520:CASP7 protein, human; C505530:CASP8 protein, human; C506433:CASP9 protein, human; D053148:Caspase 3; D053179:Caspase 7; D053181:Caspase 8; D053453:Caspase 9; D020169:Caspases