title: Akt provides the CD28 costimulatory signal for up-regulation of IL-2 and IFN-gamma but not TH2 cytokines.
abstract: A region of the interleukin-2 (IL-2) promoter known as the RE/AP element is activated in concert by signals that originate from the T cell antigen receptor and the CD28 coreceptor. We show here that the serine-threonine kinase Akt can provide a costimulatory signal for RE/AP activation that is indistinguishable from the signal provided by CD28. This includes the ability of Akt, like antibodies to CD28, to synergize with protein kinase C theta (PKC-theta) in the induction of RE/AP. Retrovirus-mediated expression of activated Akt in primary T cells from CD28-deficient mice is capable of selectively restoring production of IL-2 and interferon gamma, but not IL-4 or IL-5. Our results provide evidence that CD28 costimulation of different cytokines is mediated by discrete signaling pathways, one of which includes Akt.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
authors.forename: L P
authors.initials: LP
authors.lastname: Kane
authors.forename: P G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Andres
authors.forename: K C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Howland
authors.forename: A K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Abbas
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Weiss
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018106:CD28 Antigens / Q000378:metabolism*; D002460:Cell Line; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D008954:Models, Biological; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D010766:Phosphorylation; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D011948:Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D018418:Th2 Cells / Q000276:immunology; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D018106:CD28 Antigens; D016207:Cytokines; D007371:Interferon-gamma; D007376:Interleukin-2; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D011948:Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell; C494918:AKT1 protein, human