title: Reproducibility and clinical utility of tendon palpation to detect patellar tendinopathy in young basketball players. Victorian Institute of Sport tendon study group.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Palpation is an important clinical test for jumper's knee.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To (a) test the reproducibility of palpation tenderness, (b) evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of palpation in subjects with clinical symptoms of jumper's knee, and (c) determine whether tenderness to palpation may serve as a useful screening test for patellar tendinopathy. The yardstick for diagnosis of patellar tendinopathy was ultrasonographic abnormality.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 326 junior symptomatic and asymptomatic athletes' tendons, palpation was performed by a single examiner before ultrasonographic examination by a certified ultrasound radiologist. In 58 tendons, palpation was performed twice to test reliability. Tenderness to palpation was scored on a scale from 0 to 3 where 0 represented no pain, and 1, 2, and 3 represented mild, moderate, and severe tenderness respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patellar tendon palpation was a reliable examination for a single examiner (Pearson r = 0.82). In symptomatic tendons, the positive predictive value of palpation was 68%. As a screening examination in asymptomatic subjects, the positive predictive value of tendon palpation was 36-38%. Moderate and severe palpation tenderness were better predictors of ultrasonographic tendon pathology than absent or mild tenderness (p<0.001). Tender and symptomatic tendons were more likely to have ultrasound abnormality than tenderness alone (p<0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this age group, palpation is a reliable test but it is not cost effective in detecting patellar tendinopathy in a preparticipation examination. In symptomatic tendons, palpation is a moderately sensitive but not specific test. Mild tenderness in the patellar tendons in asymptomatic jumping athletes should be considered normal.
authors.affiliation: School of Physiotherapy, Latrobe University, Bundoora, Australia. cook.evans@bigpond.com
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Cook
authors.forename: K M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.forename: Z S
authors.initials: ZS
authors.lastname: Kiss
authors.forename: C R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Purdam
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Griffiths
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001490:Basketball / Q000293:injuries*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010173:Palpation; D010329:Patella; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013708:Tendon Injuries / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D014463:Ultrasonography