title: The Wand vs. traditional injection: a comparison of pain related behaviors.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a computerized anesthesia delivery system (e.g., Wand) compared to a traditional anesthesia administration, with respect to reducing disruptive pain related behavior during injections.
  
  
  METHODS
  Subjects consisted of 62 patients between the ages of 5 and 13 requiring local anesthesia for dental restorations in the maxilla. Patients were randomly assigned to either the Wand or the traditional anesthetic delivery system. A palatal approach to the anterior and middle superior alveolar nerves and the anterior superior alveolar nerve was used with the Wand injections. Buccal infiltration and palatal injections were used for the traditional method. Pain behavior was observed and coded. Pain ratings were obtained. Subjects also rated their satisfaction with treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Results of chi-square tests found that the Wand injections produced significantly fewer patients who exhibited disruptive behavior during the initial 15 seconds of an injection when compared with those who received a traditional palatal injection. Wand patients were significantly less likely to cry, to exhibit disruptive body movements, and to require physical restraint. In contrast, there were no significant differences in disruptive behavior when comparing the Wand with the traditional buccal injection. Pain ratings showed no statistical difference between the Wand and the traditional injections.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Wand injections can deliver proper anesthesia, utilizing one palatal injection site, while significantly reducing the likelihood of disruptive behaviors during the initial moments of an injection.
authors.affiliation: Munroe-Meyer Institute, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA.
authors.forename: R S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Gibson
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Allen
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hutfless
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Beiraghi
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000294:Adolescent Behavior; D000766:Anesthesia, Dental / Q000295:instrumentation*; D000772:Anesthesia, Local / Q000295:instrumentation*; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D002648:Child; D002652:Child Behavior; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003448:Crying; D003793:Dental Restoration, Permanent; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D004867:Equipment Design; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007267:Injections / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000295:instrumentation; D008297:Male; D008437:Maxilla; D008442:Maxillary Nerve; D009068:Movement; D009339:Needles; D009407:Nerve Block / Q000295:instrumentation; D010146:Pain / Q000523:psychology*; D010147:Pain Measurement; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D012149:Restraint, Physical; D013594:Syringes
chemical_list: D000779:Anesthetics, Local