title: Assessing the impact of a nurse-led health education intervention for people with peripheral vascular disease who smoke: the use of physiological markers, nicotine dependence and withdrawal.
abstract: This study evaluated the impact of a nurse-led health education programme on the behaviour, nicotine dependence and nicotine withdrawal in patients who smoke and suffer from peripheral vascular disease, based in a large teaching hospital in the north of England. Smoking behaviour was measured by self report, end-expired carbon monoxide and urinary cotinine. Nicotine dependence and withdrawal were measured using a nicotine dependence scale and a nicotine withdrawal scale. The findings demonstrated that the programme did have some impact on behaviour. The study raised issues concerning the measurement of physiological markers for smoking as nursing outcomes. Issues about the measurement of nicotine dependence and withdrawal are highlighted.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Health & Community Studies, Bournemouth University, Royal London House, Christchurch Road, BH1 3ER, UK. kgalvin@bournemouth.ac.uk
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Galvin
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Webb
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Hillier
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis / Q000652:urine; D001944:Breath Tests; D002248:Carbon Monoxide / Q000032:analysis; D003367:Cotinine / Q000652:urine; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009720:Nurse Clinicians / Q000592:standards*; D015403:Nursing Evaluation Research; D010353:Patient Education as Topic / Q000379:methods*; D016491:Peripheral Vascular Diseases / Q000209:etiology*; D015397:Program Evaluation; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects; D016540:Smoking Cessation / Q000379:methods*; D000074606:Smoking Prevention; D013375:Substance Withdrawal Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000451:nursing* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014029:Tobacco Use Disorder / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000451:nursing* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D002248:Carbon Monoxide; D003367:Cotinine