title: Development of pulmonary arteriovenous fistulas after bidirectional cavopulmonary shunt.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A high incidence of pulmonary arteriovenous fistulas (PAVF) has been reported after bidirectional cavopulmonary shunt (BCPS) or total cavopulmonary shunt (TCPS; BCPS in patients with interrupted inferior vena cava). However, the definite diagnostic criteria or standard diagnostic modality of PAVF has not yet been defined. The goal of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic modalities and the prevalence of PAVF.
  
  
  METHODS
  We selected 10 patients with TCPS and 27 patients with BCPS. Lung perfusion scan, contrast echocardiogram, and pulmonary angiogram were performed. The results were compared among groups of patients and among each diagnostic modality.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All 10 patients with TCPS and 16 and 13 patients with BCPS showed positive results on contrast echocardiograms and lung scans, respectively. Six patients with TCPS and 4 patients with BCPS showed positive results on pulmonary angiograms. All patients with TCPS developed subclinical or clinical PAVF and 19 patients with BCPS developed subclinical PAVF and none of them had clinical PAVF during the short-term follow-up.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Most patients with bidirectional cavopulmonary anastomosis have subclinical evidence of right-to-left intrapulmonary shunting. This problem can be demonstrated with various diagnostic modalities.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Sejong Heart Institute, Sejong General Hospital, Puchon City, Korea.
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: E J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Bae
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.forename: I S
authors.initials: IS
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Y M
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: W H
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: S H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D001164:Arteriovenous Fistula / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000601:surgery; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003952:Diagnostic Imaging; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D018610:Heart Bypass, Right; D006330:Heart Defects, Congenital / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000601:surgery; D011651:Pulmonary Artery / Q000601:surgery; D011667:Pulmonary Veins / Q000601:surgery*; D012086:Reoperation