title: Porcine urinary tract as a training model for ureteroscopy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Endourological procedures as ureteroscopy require an advanced level of skills. To facilitate the training of the proper technique, simulators are helpful. Nonbiological models, useful to learn the basic steps, do not represent the clinical situation in an ideal way. We therefore looked for a biological but nevertheless easily available model.
  
  
  METHODS
  The complete urinary tract is dissected off the retroperitoneal organ package of freshly slaughtered pigs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The porcine urinary tract model allows for training all aspects of diagnostic and therapeutic ureteroscopy including lithotripsy and stenting in a way which is almost identical to the clinical situation in humans.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The porcine urinary tract model is an ideal ex vivo model. Concerning 'tissue feeling' and anatomic relations, it is superior to nonbiological simulators. Nevertheless, it is quite easily available and inexpensive. In training courses, we have used it with great success.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Klinikum Coburg, Germany. lkhco.strohmaier@t-online.de
authors.forename: W L
authors.initials: WL
authors.lastname: Strohmaier
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Giese
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D023421:Models, Animal; D013552:Swine; D018666:Ureteroscopy / Q000379:methods*; D014551:Urinary Tract / Q000601:surgery*