title: Characterization of cytokine, growth factor receptor, costimulatory and adhesion molecule expression patterns of bone marrow blasts in relapsed childhood B cell precursor all.
abstract: Relapse of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) comprises a leading challenge of investigation. Characterization of leukaemic cells regarding their potency to express growth factors and surface molecules can provide insight into their aberrant biology. Thus, we analyzed bone marrow blasts from 10 children with relapsed B cell precursor ALL. The gene and protein expression of essential haematopoietic growth factors (IL-2, IL-4, IL-7, IL-10, IL-15, IFN-gamma, G-CSFR), their corresponding receptors as well as the expression pattern of adhesion molecules (ICAM-1, CD58) and costimulatory proteins (CD40, CD40L, B7.1, B7.2, CD28, MHC-I and II) was analyzed by RT-PCR and flow cytometry. Constitutive gene expression was found for IL-7, IL-10, IL-15 and IFN-gamma and their corresponding receptors. Flow-cytometric analysis showed that IL-10R, IL-7Ralpha, IL-4Ralpha and the gamma(c)chain are constitutively expressed, and that some cells bear the G-CSFR. IL-10 and IL-15 protein-producing leukaemic cells were easily detectable. The neoplastic cells mainly lack B7.1, and ICAM-1 is mostly decreased. Furthermore, high CD40, and, surprisingly, CD40L expression could be found. These studies show that ALL cells are likely to be sensitive to many growth factors and some factors are produced by the neoplastic cell itself. The secretion of IL-10 by leukaemic cells, and the absence or downregulation of conventional adhesion and costimulatory molecules might represent an effective mechanism of escape of immune surveillance in relapsed ALL.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Oncology/Hematology, Charité, Campus Virchow-Medical Center, Humboldt-University at Berlin, Germany. christain. kebelmann_betzing@charite.de  
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kebelmann-Betzing
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Körner
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Badiali
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Buchwald
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Möricke
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Korte
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Köchling
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kappelmeier
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Oettel
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Henze
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Seeger
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001483:Base Sequence; D002051:Burkitt Lymphoma / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000276:immunology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D016207:Cytokines / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D017931:DNA Primers / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression; D006133:Growth Substances / Q000235:genetics; D016298:Hematopoietic Cell Growth Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D006412:Hematopoietic Stem Cells / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000235:genetics; D019409:Interleukin-15 / Q000235:genetics; D008297:Male; D018121:Receptors, Cytokine / Q000235:genetics; D017978:Receptors, Growth Factor / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules; D016207:Cytokines; D017931:DNA Primers; D006133:Growth Substances; D016298:Hematopoietic Cell Growth Factors; D019409:Interleukin-15; D018121:Receptors, Cytokine; D017978:Receptors, Growth Factor; D016753:Interleukin-10