title: Avoiding hypothermia in trauma: use of the flameless heater pack, meal ready to eat, as a field-expedient means of warming crystalloid fluid.
abstract: Forward-deployed medical units do not have the capability to warm intravenous (i.v.) fluids before their administration. We intend to demonstrate a field-expedient means of warming i.v. fluids and preventing hypothermia using the flameless heater available in the Meal, Ready to Eat (MRE). Room-temperature and refrigerated lactated Ringer's solution were organized into three data collection groups using either one or two MRE heaters. The temperature change of the fluid was recorded. Average temperature increases ranged from 15.8 to 31.2 degrees C in times ranging from 8 to 20 minutes. Therefore, we conclude that the flameless MRE heater provides a simple, field-expedient means of warming i.v. fluids before their administration.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Womack Army Medical Center, Fort Bragg, NC 28307, USA.
authors.forename: G D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Garcia
authors.forename: V L
authors.initials: VL
authors.lastname: Modesto
authors.forename: K T
authors.initials: KT
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D003296:Cooking / Q000295:instrumentation; D000077324:Crystalloid Solutions; D005440:Fluid Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D006361:Heating / Q000295:instrumentation*; D006801:Humans; D007035:Hypothermia / Q000517:prevention & control*; D007552:Isotonic Solutions / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008887:Military Medicine / Q000379:methods*; D008889:Military Personnel; D010952:Plasma Substitutes / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012034:Refrigeration; D000077325:Ringer's Lactate; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000077324:Crystalloid Solutions; D007552:Isotonic Solutions; D010952:Plasma Substitutes; D000077325:Ringer's Lactate