title: A novel method for the evaluation of the severity of nausea and vomiting of pregnancy.
abstract: The symptomatology of nausea and vomiting of pregnancy (NVP) ranges from mild to very severe. The most advanced method to measure the burden of NVP, the Rhode's scores, incorporates physical signs (length and number of episodes of nausea, number and volume of vomits, and number of retching) with measures of distress caused by these symptoms. However, this system has been validated only for symptoms that occurred in the past 12 h, thus obviating its wide clinical use, and particularly its retrospective use.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To examine whether the severity of the physical symptoms of NVP correlate with the degree of stress caused by them, and to develop simple scores that can be used clinically.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We prospectively scored 283 women with NVP using the Rhode's system. There was excellent and highly significant correlation between the physical symptoms and their degrees of distress. Subsequently, we examined two simple scoring systems, one with three and one with five physical symptoms. Both yielded distribution of severity of NVP not different from the one found with the use of the full Rhode's score.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A scoring system based on all five physical symptoms, or only on three (length of nausea, number of episodes of nausea and number of vomits) yielded accurate estimates of severity and changes in severity of NVP. Unlike the Rhode's score, this simple method can be used clinically to evaluate the severity and changes in NVP.
authors.affiliation: The Motherisk Program, Division of Clinical Pharmacology/Toxicology, The Hospital for Sick Children, The CIBC World Market Children's Miracle Foundation Chair in Child Health Research, University of Toronto, ON, Burlington, Canada.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Koren
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Magee
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Attard
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kohli
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Atanackovic
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bishai
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Chandra
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Navioz
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Maltepe
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D009325:Nausea / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology*; D010147:Pain Measurement; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications; D011446:Prospective Studies; D014839:Vomiting / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology*