title: Cloning of the fish cell line SSN-1 for piscine nodaviruses.
abstract: Six cell clones were derived from the SSN-1 cell line, which is composed of a mixed cell population and persistently infected with a C-type retrovirus (SnRV). These clones were susceptible to 4 piscine nodavirus strains belonging to different genotypes (SJNNV, RGNNV, TPNNV and *BFNNV [striped jack, redspotted grouper, tiger puffer and barfin flounder nervous necrosis viruses]). Three clones, designated A-6, E-9, and E-11, were highly permissive to nodavirus infection and production. The virus-induced cytopathic effects appeared as cytoplasmic vacuoles and intensive disintegration at 3 to 5 d post-incubation. These observations were highly reproducible and formed the basis for a successful virus titration system. Quantitative analysis using the cloned E-11 cell line clearly revealed differences in the optimal growth temperatures among the 4 genotypic variants: 25 to 30 degrees C for strain SGWak97 (RGNNV), 20 to 25 degrees C for strain SJNag93 (SJNNV), 20 degrees C for strain TPKag93 (TPNNV), and 15 to 20 degrees C for strain JFIwa98 (BFNNV). Electron microscopy demonstrated SnRV retrovirus particles only in A-6 and E-9 cells, but PCR amplification for the pol gene and LTR region of the proviral DNA indicated the presence of the retrovirus in the other clones, including E-11. The cell clones obtained in the present study will be more useful for qualitative and quantitative analyses of piscine nodaviruses than the SSN-1 cell line.
authors.affiliation: Fish Pathology Laboratory, Faculty of Applied Biological Science, Hiroshima University, Higashihiroshima, Japan.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Iwamoto
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakai
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mori
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Arimoto
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Furusawa
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D002999:Clone Cells; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000737:chemistry; D005393:Fish Diseases / Q000821:virology*; D005399:Fishes; D008854:Microscopy, Electron / Q000662:veterinary; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000662:veterinary; D012327:RNA Virus Infections / Q000662:veterinary* / Q000821:virology; D012328:RNA Viruses / Q000254:growth & development*; D014771:Virion / Q000648:ultrastructure; D014776:Virus Cultivation / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D004279:DNA, Viral