title: Intracranial electroencephalographic changes in deep anesthesia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  It is well known that electroencephalograms (EEGs) show electrical silence in deep anesthesia as well as brain death. This is the first report on intracranial EEG changes in deep anesthesia.
  
  
  METHODS
  We developed a new direct brain monitoring system capable of recording intracranial EEGs. This study included 13 patients with head trauma or cerebrovascular accident under deep anesthesia.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The intracranial EEGs showed different patterns of wave activity in depth compared with the cortical surface. In 3 of the cases, the scalp EEG showed a flat tracing at 2.0-2.5% of isoflurane. In two of the cases, the intracranial EEGs showed electrical silence when the scalp EEG was flat. Decreasing the concentration of isoflurane to 1.5%, the intracranial EEG showed single paroxysmal appearance of 'revival' theta waves on the electrocorticogram (ECoG) or electroventriculogram (EVG). The intracranial 'revival' wave was followed by high-voltage burst-waves. In another case, at 2.0-2.5% of isoflurane, the amplitude of the waves was greatest on the EVG.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is wave activity difference in the brain depth, which the scalp EEG is unable to show. Intracranial EEGs are able to show the first signs of revival after a nearly flat tracing in deep anesthesia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Funabashi Municipal Medical Center, 1-21-1, Kanasugi, Funabashi-shi, 273-8588, Chiba, Japan. karasawa@ya2.so-net.ne.jp
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Karasawa
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sakaida
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Noguchi
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hatayama
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Naito
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hirota
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sugiyama
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ueno
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nakajima
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fukada
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kin
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000758:Anesthesia; D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation; D001831:Body Temperature / Q000502:physiology; D001921:Brain / Q000502:physiology; D002552:Cerebral Ventricles / Q000502:physiology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004569:Electroencephalography / Q000187:drug effects*; D005260:Female; D015600:Glasgow Coma Scale; D006801:Humans; D007530:Isoflurane; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019635:Neurosurgical Procedures; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed
chemical_list: D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation; D007530:Isoflurane