title: Coccydynia: a woman's tail.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To review the literature on coccydynia with specific reference to those cases of pregnancy and birth-related onset.
  
  
  METHODS
  Databases (Medline, CINAHL, MIDIRS) were searched using the keywords coccydynia, coccygodynia, coccyx, spine, pelvis, injury, and trauma. The references contained within this review are those which give clear information about clinical cases and are least anecdotal.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Much of the literature is of poor quality when judged by current standards. Where there is no other literature older references remain of interest. There is little information about incidence, prevalence, pathophysiology, methods of differential diagnosis and efficacy of treatment for these women. No qualitative data from women with pregnancy or birth-related coccydynia were identified.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Research into this topic needs to be undertaken if midwives are to be enabled to facilitate early diagnosis and provide care and advice for women with pregnancy and birth-related coccydynia.
authors.affiliation: University of Portsmouth, St. George's Building, 141, High Street, Old Portsmouth, Hampshire PO1 2HY, UK. isobel.ryder@port.ac.uk
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Ryder
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Alexander
mesh_terms: D003050:Coccyx / Q000293:injuries*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007743:Labor, Obstetric; D008880:Midwifery; D010146:Pain / Q000209:etiology* / Q000451:nursing; D059408:Pain Management; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000209:etiology* / Q000451:nursing / Q000628:therapy