title: Prevalence and characteristics of muscle cramps in patients with varicose veins.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  It has been suggested that limb circulation may be disturbed in patients with muscle cramps due to leg venous hypertension. The aim of this study was to examine the incidence and characteristics of muscle cramps from venous insufficiency.
  
  
  METHODS
  The incidence and characteristics of muscle cramps, which were investigated by a questionnaire, were compared between 288 patients with incompetence of the long or short saphenous vein and 550 age-matched individuals from the general population.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The patient group showed a significantly higher incidence of muscle cramps in the last year than the general population group, 67% and 53%, respectively (p < 0.001). The incidence of calf cramps was significantly higher in the patient group than in the general population group, 91% and 75%, respectively (p < 0.001). Although most subjects reported symptoms occurring only at night, the incidence was significantly higher in the patient group than in the general population group, 78% and 52%, respectively (p < 0.001). There was no significant difference in the duration or severity of muscle cramps between the groups. The patient group showed a significantly higher incidence of more than 12 episodes per year than the general population group (p < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Muscle cramps in patients with varicose veins occur more frequently and more often at night and in the calf in comparison with those from the general population.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Aichi Prefectural College of Nursing, Nagoya, Japan.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hirai
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D015897:Comorbidity; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009120:Muscle Cramp / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015995:Prevalence; D012501:Saphenous Vein / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D014463:Ultrasonography; D014648:Varicose Veins / Q000453:epidemiology*