title: Liver tumor-promoting activity of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) in TCDD-sensitive and TCDD-resistant rat strains.
abstract: Risk assessment of dioxins is currently based on induction of liver tumors in rats. The toxicity of dioxins is characterized by large sensitivity differences among animal species and even strains of the same species, which complicates the risk assessment. The significance of these differences in dioxin-induced carcinogenicity is not known. We therefore studied the liver tumor-promoting activity of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) in the sensitive Long-Evans (L-E) and the resistant Han/Wistar (H/W) rats differing >1000-fold in their sensitivity to the acute lethaity of TCDD. Female rats were partially hepatectomized, initiated with nitrosodiethylamine, and treated with TCDD for 20 weeks. Altered hepatic foci (AHF) were stereologically quantitated using glutathione S-transferase P as a marker. AHF were significantly (P < 0.001) and dose dependently increased in L-E rats at 10 and 100 ng/kg/day, but in H/W rats only at 1000 ng/kg/day and above, indicating a remarkable (approximately 100-fold) sensitivity difference between L-E and H/W rats. The same sensitivity difference but 10-fold less foci were observed between nonhepatectomized/noninitiated L-E and H/W rats. Induction of AHF was related to hepatotoxicity but not to cytochrome P4501A1 activity in the liver. Liver TCDD concentrations were similar in both strains. H/W rats are exceptionally resistant to induction of AHF by TCDD, and the resistance is associated with an altered transactivation domain of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor. Genetic differences may account for significant interindividual/intraspecies sensitivity differences in dioxin-induced carcinogenesis. Understanding the role of transactivation domain of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor in carcinogenesis is therefore likely to improve dioxin risk assessment.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Toxicology, National Public Health Institute, Kuopio, Finland. matti.viluksela@ktl.fi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Viluksela
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Bager
authors.forename: J T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Tuomisto
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Scheu
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Unkila
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pohjanvirta
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Flodström
authors.forename: V M
authors.initials: VM
authors.lastname: Kosma
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mäki-Paakkanen
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Vartiainen
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Klimm
authors.forename: K W
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Schramm
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wärngård
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tuomisto
mesh_terms: D000410:Alanine Transaminase / Q000097:blood; D000818:Animals; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases / Q000097:blood; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D002273:Carcinogens; D019363:Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1 / Q000378:metabolism; D004052:Diethylnitrosamine / Q000494:pharmacology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D019008:Drug Resistance, Neoplasm; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D005982:Glutathione Transferase / Q000378:metabolism; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000473:pathology; D015162:Micronucleus Tests; D009929:Organ Size / Q000187:drug effects; D000072317:Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D051381:Rats; D020318:Rats, Long-Evans; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D018336:Receptors, Aryl Hydrocarbon / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D015533:Transcriptional Activation; D005723:gamma-Glutamyltransferase / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D002273:Carcinogens; D000072317:Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins; D018336:Receptors, Aryl Hydrocarbon; D004052:Diethylnitrosamine; D019363:Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1; D005723:gamma-Glutamyltransferase; D005982:Glutathione Transferase; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases; D000410:Alanine Transaminase