title: Gold-coated NIR stents in porcine coronary arteries.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  As endovascular stents are altered to add functionality, eg, by adding radiopaque coatings, biocompatibility may suffer.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We examined the vascular response in porcine coronary arteries to stainless steel gold-coated NIR stents (7-cell, Medinol, Inc). Stents, 9 and 16 mm in length, were left bare or coated with a 7-microm layer of gold. Physical and material effects were examined in four different gold-coated stent types, two at each length that either had the coating applied to the standard strut, ie, gold coated thicker than controls, or had the coating applied to thinned struts, ie, gold coated of the same thickness as control struts. Simple gold coating exacerbated intimal hyperplastic and inflammatory reactions over 28 days, but postplating thermal processing smoothed the coating surface and negated the adverse tissue response to gold. The relative amounts of base steel and gold coating and their resistances to expansion and collapse determined the extent of stent recoil.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Gold coatings enhance the radiopacity of steel stents, but not without effects on vascular repair. Material effects predominate and can be abrogated by heating coated stents to alter surface finish and material purity. Clinical results may suffer unless consideration is given to material and physical effects of gold.
authors.affiliation: Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. ere@mit.edu
authors.forename: E R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Edelman
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Seifert
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Groothuis
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Morss
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bornstein
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rogers
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003331:Coronary Vessels / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D006046:Gold / Q000633:toxicity*; D006358:Hot Temperature; D006965:Hyperplasia / Q000473:pathology; D007249:Inflammation / Q000473:pathology; D013193:Stainless Steel; D015607:Stents; D013499:Surface Properties; D013552:Swine
chemical_list: D013193:Stainless Steel; D006046:Gold