title: Constitutive beta-glucosidases hydrolyzing ginsenoside Rb1 and Rb2 from human intestinal bacteria.
abstract: When ginsenoside Rb1 and Rb2 were anaerobically incubated with human intestinal microflora, these ginsenosides were metabolized to 20-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-20(S)-protopanaxadiol (compound K) and 20(S)-protopanaxadiol. Several kinds of intestinal bacteria hydrolyzed these ginsenosides. Eubacterium sp., Streptococcus sp. and Bifidobacterium sp., which more potently hydrolyzed gentiobiose than sophorose, metabolized ginsenoside Rb1 to compound K via ginsenoside Rd rather than gypenoside XVII. However, Fusobacterium K-60, which more potently hydrolyzed sophorose than gentiobiose, metabolized to compound K via gypenoside XVII. Ginsenoside Rb2 was also metabolized to compound K via ginsenoside Rd or compound O by human intestinal microflora. Eubacterium sp., Streptococcus sp. and Bifidobacterium sp. metabolized ginsenoside Rb2 to compound K via ginsenoside Rd rather than compound O. Fusobacterium K-60 metabolized ginsenoside Rb2 to compound K via compound O.
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: E A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Bae
authors.forename: S Y
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: D H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D001711:Biotransformation; D050260:Carbohydrate Metabolism; D036145:Ginsenosides; D006027:Glycosides / Q000378:metabolism; D006090:Gram-Negative Bacteria / Q000201:enzymology*; D006094:Gram-Positive Bacteria / Q000201:enzymology*; D006801:Humans; D006868:Hydrolysis; D007422:Intestines / Q000201:enzymology / Q000382:microbiology*; D012503:Saponins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D013379:Substrate Specificity; D014315:Triterpenes / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D001617:beta-Glucosidase / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D036145:Ginsenosides; D006027:Glycosides; D012503:Saponins; D014315:Triterpenes; D001617:beta-Glucosidase; C048026:ginsenoside Rb2; C112772:ginsenoside compound K