title: Prophylactic treatment of migraine with angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (lisinopril): randomised, placebo controlled, crossover study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the efficacy of an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor in the prophylaxis of migraine.
  
  
  METHODS
  Double blind, placebo controlled, crossover study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Neurological outpatient clinic.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty patients aged 19-59 years with migraine with two to six episodes a month.
  
  
  METHODS
  Treatment period of 12 weeks with one 10 mg lisinopril tablet once daily for one week then two 10 mg lisinopril tablets once daily for 11 weeks, followed by a two week wash out period. Second treatment period of one placebo tablet once daily for one week and then two placebo tablets for 11 weeks. Thirty participants followed this schedule, and 30 received placebo followed by lisinopril.
  
  
  METHODS
  Primary end points: number of hours with headache, number of days with headache, number of days with migraine. Secondary end points: headache severity index, use of drugs for symptomatic relief, quality of life and number of days taken as sick leave, acceptability of treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the 47 participants with complete data, hours with headache, days with headache, days with migraine, and headache severity index were significantly reduced by 20% (95% confidence interval 5% to 36%), 17% (5% to 30%), 21% (9% to 34%), and 20% (3% to 37%), respectively, with lisinopril compared with placebo. Days with migraine were reduced by at least 50% in 14 participants for active treatment versus placebo and 17 patients for active treatment versus run-in period. Days with migraine were fewer by at least 50% in 14 participants for active treatment versus placebo. Intention to treat analysis of data from 55 patients supported the differences in favour of lisinopril for the primary end points.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, lisinopril, has a clinically important prophylactic effect in migraine.
authors.affiliation: Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of Neurology, 7006 Trondheim, Norway. harald.schrader@medisin.ntnu.no harald.schrader@medisin.ntnu.no
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Schrader
authors.forename: L J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Stovner
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Helde
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sand
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bovim
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D017706:Lisinopril / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008881:Migraine Disorders / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric
chemical_list: D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; D017706:Lisinopril