title: The history of South American tropical precipitation for the past 25,000 years.
abstract: Long sediment cores recovered from the deep portions of Lake Titicaca are used to reconstruct the precipitation history of tropical South America for the past 25,000 years. Lake Titicaca was a deep, fresh, and continuously overflowing lake during the last glacial stage, from before 25,000 to 15,000 calibrated years before the present (cal yr B.P.), signifying that during the last glacial maximum (LGM), the Altiplano of Bolivia and Peru and much of the Amazon basin were wetter than today. The LGM in this part of the Andes is dated at 21,000 cal yr B.P., approximately coincident with the global LGM. Maximum aridity and lowest lake level occurred in the early and middle Holocene (8000 to 5500 cal yr B.P.) during a time of low summer insolation. Today, rising levels of Lake Titicaca and wet conditions in Amazonia are correlated with anomalously cold sea-surface temperatures in the northern equatorial Atlantic. Likewise, during the deglacial and Holocene periods, there were several millennial-scale wet phases on the Altiplano and in Amazonia that coincided with anomalously cold periods in the equatorial and high-latitude North Atlantic, such as the Younger Dryas.
authors.affiliation: Duke University, Division of Earth and Ocean Sciences, Durham, NC 27708, USA. pbaker@geo.duke.edu
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Baker
authors.forename: G O
authors.initials: GO
authors.lastname: Seltzer
authors.forename: S C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Fritz
authors.forename: R B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Dunbar
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Grove
authors.forename: P M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Tapia
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Cross
authors.forename: H D
authors.initials: HD
authors.lastname: Rowe
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Broda
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001272:Atmosphere; D001838:Bolivia; D017377:Diatoms; D005618:Fresh Water; D019015:Geologic Sediments; D010568:Peru; D010933:Plankton; D011891:Rain; D013696:Temperature; D013995:Time; D014329:Tropical Climate