title: Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 protease cleavage site mutations associated with protease inhibitor cross-resistance selected by indinavir, ritonavir, and/or saquinavir.
abstract: We examined the prevalence of cleavage site mutations, both within and outside the gag region, in 28 protease inhibitor (PI) cross-resistant patients treated with indinavir, ritonavir, and/or saquinavir compared to control patients treated with reverse transcriptase inhibitors. Three human immunodeficiency virus protease cleavage sites within gag (p2/NC, NC/p1, and NC/TFP) showed considerable in vivo evolution before and after therapy with indinavir, ritonavir, and/or saquinavir. Another gag cleavage site (p1/p6(gag)) showed a trend compared to matched controls. The other eight recognized cleavage sites showed relatively little difference between PI-resistant cases and controls. An A-->V substitution at the P2 position of the NC/p1 and NC/TFP cleavage sites was the most common (29%) change selected by the PIs used in this study.
authors.affiliation: British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6Z 1Y6.
authors.forename: H C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Côté
authors.forename: Z L
authors.initials: ZL
authors.lastname: Brumme
authors.forename: P R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Harrigan
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D019943:Amino Acid Substitution; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004352:Drug Resistance, Microbial; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000821:virology; D016333:HIV Protease / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D017320:HIV Protease Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D019469:Indinavir / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009154:Mutation; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D018894:Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D019438:Ritonavir / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D019258:Saquinavir / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D017320:HIV Protease Inhibitors; D018894:Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors; D019469:Indinavir; D016333:HIV Protease; D019258:Saquinavir; D019438:Ritonavir