title: A critical appraisal of review articles on the effectiveness of conservative treatment for neck pain.
abstract: METHODS
  A criteria-based appraisal of review articles on neck pain.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To assess the methodologic quality, conclusions, and extent of concordance among reviews on the conservative treatment of neck disorders.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  During the past decades there has been an increasing interest in summarizing and analyzing the available evidence on the effectiveness of conservative management of neck pain. Considering the growing number and quality of reviews, consumers may question which reviews to read and believe.
  
  
  METHODS
  Computerized bibliographic databases were searched without language restriction. The reviews assessed had been published before January 1998, included neck pain and evaluated conservative therapies, and reported at least one controlled clinical trial. Identification, selection, and quality assessment were performed independently by two investigators.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 108 identified articles, 25 review articles were selected, of which 12 were systematic reviews. The reviews differed in their reporting of study population, interventions, and outcomes. Statistical pooling was performed in two high-quality systematic reviews, whereas in other reviews, the investigators explicitly decided not to pool data. The results of the current study show that the concordance among reviews varied. Regarding manipulation and traction, there is inconclusive evidence among reviews. Concordance regarding the effectiveness of other conservative interventions was absent. Many of the reviews displayed major methodologic flaws.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Consumers should consider reports of reviews both carefully and critically, given the wide variety of review methodology, descriptive information, and final conclusions. There is a paucity of evidence from primary studies on neck pain. Therefore, more research is needed to allow systematic reviews to formulate stronger conclusions.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Research in Extramural Medicine, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. j.l.hoving.emgo@med.vu.nl
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Hoving
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Gross
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gasner
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kay
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kennedy
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Hondras
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Haines
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Bouter
mesh_terms: D016206:Databases, Bibliographic; D006801:Humans; D019547:Neck Pain / Q000628:therapy*; D015588:Observer Variation; D011785:Quality Assurance, Health Care; D012196:Review Literature as Topic; D016896:Treatment Outcome