title: The influence of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) on serum leptin concentration in postmenopausal women.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study aimed to evaluate the influence of hormone replacement therapy (HRT), the estradiol concentration and body mass index (BMI, kg/m(2)) on the serum leptin concentration in postmenopausal women.
  
  
  METHODS
  352 healthy postmenopausal women (mean age, 60.9 +/- 8.5 years) participated in this comparative study. 71 (30%) women (mean age 55.9 +/- 8.3 years) had taken HRT, while 281 (70%) women (mean age, 59.1 +/- 10.6 years) had not. Baseline characteristics -age, weight, height, BMI (greater than or = 25 or <25), follicle stimulating hormone, estradiol, and leptin values-were compared in the two groups. In a second analysis to evaluate the influence of HRT, estradiol concentrations, and BMI on leptin concentrations, these data were analysed in women allocated to one of four groups: (a) postmenopausal women not on HRT with a BMI <25 (n = 130); (b) postmenopausal women not on HRT with a BMI greater than or = 25 (n = 151); (c) postmenopausal women on HRT with a BMI<25 (n = 48); and (d) postmenopausal women on HRT with a BMI greater than or = 25 (n = 23). Leptin concentrations were subsequently analysed in relation to BMI and age and BMI and estradiol concentrations to determine any independent effect of these variables.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The women taking HRT had a significantly lower mean age, weight, BMI and follicle stimulating hormone concentration than those who were not taking HRT. Furthermore, they had a higher mean height and serum estradiol value, but a significantly lower serum leptin concentration. After controlling for BMI, neither the use of HRT nor the estradiol concentration was found to be related to the leptin value (group (a) versus (c) and group (b) versus (d)), but there were significant differences in leptin concentrations between HRT users with BMI greater than or = 25 and BMI <25 and between women not taking HRT with BMI greater than or = 25 and BMI <25 (groups (a) versus (b) and (c) versus (d)). Furthermore, women with a BMI greater than or = 25 had significantly higher leptin concentrations than women with a BMI<25, irrespective of the HRT use.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Leptin concentrations are significantly higher in obese postmenopausal women than in their non-obese counterparts. Serum leptin concentrations are not influenced by HRT use or estradiol concentrations. Further studies are needed to elucidate the role of HRT and estrogen on serum leptin concentrations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Philipps University Marburg, Pilgrimstein 3, 35037, Marburg, Germany. peyman.hadji@t-online.de
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hadji
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Görke
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Hars
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Bauer
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Emons
authors.forename: K D
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Schulz
mesh_terms: D017677:Age Distribution; D015992:Body Mass Index; D004958:Estradiol / Q000097:blood* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004967:Estrogens / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone / Q000378:metabolism; D020249:Hormone Replacement Therapy; D006801:Humans; D020738:Leptin / Q000097:blood*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000097:blood; D017698:Postmenopause / Q000097:blood*; D011372:Progestins / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D004967:Estrogens; D020738:Leptin; D011372:Progestins; D004958:Estradiol; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone