title: TFIIAalpha/beta-like factor is encoded by a germ cell-specific gene whose expression is up-regulated with other general transcription factors during spermatogenesis in the mouse.
abstract: TFIIAalpha/beta-like factor (ALF) is a testis-specific counterpart of the large subunit of human general transcription factor TFIIA. Northern analysis shows that ALF mRNA first appears in mouse testis at Postnatal Day 14. Similarly, expression of the general transcription factors TBP, TRF2, TFIIAalpha/beta, TFIIAgamma, and TFIIIB(90) is also increased beginning at Postnatal Day 14, suggesting that there is a coordinated induction of many general transcription factors during male germ cell differentiation. Analysis of male germ cells separated by Staput sedimentation shows that ALF is present in pachytene spermatocytes and haploid spermatids. In addition, in situ hybridization experiments with adult mouse testis shows that ALF is present in haploid spermatids. Searches of the human genome sequence database using the basic local alignment search tool reveal that the ALF and TFIIAalpha/beta(GTF2A1) genes are both composed of nine exons, whereas the TFIIAgamma (GTF2A2) gene is composed of five exons. Furthermore, nucleotide and amino acid comparisons among human and mouse ALF, TFIIAalpha/beta, and TFIIAgamma cDNA sequences show that ALF has diverged more rapidly than either TFIIAalpha/beta or TFIIAgamma. Finally, the ALF and SBLF (Stoned B-Like Factor) sequences present in the chimeric SALF cDNA are both present on human chromosome 2, and an analysis of the corresponding genes suggests a model for the formation of SALF.
authors.affiliation: The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, 2601 N. Floyd Road, Richardson, TX 75080, USA.
authors.forename: S Y
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Upadhyaya
authors.forename: S H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: K L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Parker
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: DeJong
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D015152:Blotting, Northern; D002469:Cell Separation; D002875:Chromosomes / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D016208:Databases, Factual; D005854:Germ Cells / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D017403:In Situ Hybridization; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D051381:Rats; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013091:Spermatogenesis / Q000235:genetics*; D013737:Testis / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D035561:Transcription Factor TFIIA; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics*; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D035561:Transcription Factor TFIIA; D014157:Transcription Factors