title: Evaluation of suspected appendicitis in children using limited helical CT and colonic contrast material.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Colonic contrast material evaluation of suspected appendicitis in pediatric patients is technically more challenging than in adults because less intraabdominal fat is present. To determine the accuracy and feasibility of focused CT for pediatric patients, we carried out this retrospective investigation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between November 1995 and July 1999, 199 pediatric patients (1-18 years old; mean age, 12 years) were examined with focused CT in the emergency division for suspected appendicitis. The findings on CT were compared with the findings at surgery, pathology, and clinical follow-up.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were 64 true-positive CT scans, two false-negative, 128 true-negative, one false-positive, and four indeterminate. Seventy-four patients underwent appendectomy, with a negative appendectomy rate of 9%. One hundred twenty-five patients without appendicitis were treated nonoperatively. The true-positive rate was 32%, true-negative rate was 64%, sensitivity was 97%, specificity was 99%, positive predictive value was 98%, negative predictive value was 98%, and overall accuracy was 96%. Pediatric patients tolerated the procedure well. Colonic contrast material saved time and provided improved identification of the cecum and appendix. In 62 patients without appendicitis, focused CT provided alternative diagnoses.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Focused CT appears to be nearly as accurate in pediatric patients as in adults. Focused CT provided alternative diagnoses in 48% of the patients for whom CT findings were negative for appendicitis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Founders House, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit St., Boston, MA 02114, USA.
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Mullins
authors.forename: M F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Kircher
authors.forename: D P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Ryan
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Doody
authors.forename: T C
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Mullins
authors.forename: J T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Rhea
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Novelline
mesh_terms: D000285:Administration, Rectal; D000293:Adolescent; D001064:Appendicitis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D003974:Diatrizoate Meglumine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D003974:Diatrizoate Meglumine