title: Mental calculation in a prodigy is sustained by right prefrontal and medial temporal areas.
abstract: Calculating prodigies are individuals who are exceptional at quickly and accurately solving complex mental calculations. With positron emission tomography (PET), we investigated the neural bases of the cognitive abilities of an expert calculator and a group of non-experts, contrasting complex mental calculation to memory retrieval of arithmetic facts. We demonstrated that calculation expertise was not due to increased activity of processes that exist in non-experts; rather, the expert and the non-experts used different brain areas for calculation. We found that the expert could switch between short-term effort-requiring storage strategies and highly efficient episodic memory encoding and retrieval, a process that was sustained by right prefrontal and medial temporal areas.
authors.affiliation: Unité de Neuropsychologie Cognitive, Université Catholique de Louvain, place Mercier 10, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pesenti
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zago
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Crivello
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Mellet
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Samson
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Duroux
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Seron
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Mazoyer
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Tzourio-Mazoyer
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001076:Aptitude / Q000502:physiology*; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity / Q000502:physiology; D001931:Brain Mapping; D002560:Cerebrovascular Circulation / Q000502:physiology; D003071:Cognition / Q000502:physiology*; D007839:Functional Laterality / Q000502:physiology; D006179:Gyrus Cinguli / Q000098:blood supply / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007360:Intelligence / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D008433:Mathematics; D008570:Memory, Short-Term / Q000502:physiology; D011939:Mental Recall / Q000502:physiology; D020534:Parahippocampal Gyrus / Q000098:blood supply / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000502:physiology; D017397:Prefrontal Cortex / Q000098:blood supply / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000502:physiology*; D012153:Retention, Psychology / Q000502:physiology; D013702:Temporal Lobe / Q000098:blood supply / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000502:physiology*; D014055:Tomography, Emission-Computed