title: Use of green fluorescent protein in visualisation of pneumococcal invasion of broncho-epithelial cells in vivo.
abstract: The pneumococcus is the principle cause of bacterial pneumonia and also a major cause of bacterial meningitis. The mechanisms and sites of pneumococcal adherence and invasion of the respiratory tract in vivo are not clear however. We have made pneumococci expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP) and used it to trace pneumococcal adherence and invasion in vivo. By using GFP pneumococci we have shown bacterial adherence and invasion of broncho-epithelial cells in vivo by 4 h post-infection, with increases in pneumococcal invasiveness by 24 h. Using confocal image analysis we have shown varying levels of pneumococcal penetration and internalisation into host cells, as well as translocation through epithelial layers. To our knowledge this is the first report of pneumococcal invasion and cellular translocation in vivo.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Leicester, LE1 9HN, UK.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kadioglu
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Sharpe
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Lazou
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Svanborg
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ockleford
authors.forename: T J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Mitchell
authors.forename: P W
authors.initials: PW
authors.lastname: Andrew
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001422:Bacterial Adhesion; D001769:Blood / Q000382:microbiology; D001980:Bronchi / Q000166:cytology*; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000382:microbiology*; D005260:Female; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins; D008164:Luminescent Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D008168:Lung / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology; D051379:Mice; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D010957:Plasmids / Q000235:genetics; D011008:Pneumococcal Infections / Q000382:microbiology*; D013296:Streptococcus pneumoniae / Q000235:genetics* / Q000472:pathogenicity* / Q000502:physiology; D014169:Transformation, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D008164:Luminescent Proteins; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins