title: Subclinical hyperthyroidism and the risk of dementia. The Rotterdam study.
abstract: AIMS AND SUBJECTS: We investigated the prospective relationship between thyroid status and the risk of dementia and Alzheimer's disease among a random sample of 1843 participants, aged 55 years and over, from the population-based prospective Rotterdam Study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thyroid status was measured at baseline (1990-93), through assessment of serum antibodies to thyroid peroxidase (TPO-Abs, positive: >10 IU/ml), serum TSH levels, and when TSH was abnormal (<0.4 or >4.0 mU/l), serum thyroxin levels (T4). At baseline and at follow up, after on average 2 years, participants were screened for dementia. Diagnoses were based on international criteria.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Persons with reduced TSH levels at baseline had a more than threefold increased risk of dementia (RR = 3.5, 95%CI: 1.2-10.0) and of Alzheimer's disease (RR = 3.5, 95%CI: 1.1-11.5), after adjustment for age and sex. Among persons with reduced TSH levels, T4 levels appeared to be positively related to the risk of dementia (RR per SD increase = 2.9, 95%CI: 0.7-12.2), although none of those who became demented had a T4 level above the normal range (>140 nmol/l). The risk of dementia was especially increased in subjects with low TSH who were positive for TPO-Abs (RR = 23.7, 95%CI: 4.0-140).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This is the first prospective study to suggest that subclinical hyperthyroidism in the elderly increases the risk of dementia and Alzheimer's disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chronic Diseases Epidemiology, National Institute of Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kalmijn
authors.forename: K M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Mehta
authors.forename: H A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Pols
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hofman
authors.forename: H A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Drexhage
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Breteler
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications; D001323:Autoantibodies / Q000097:blood; D003704:Dementia / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D006980:Hyperthyroidism / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications*; D007453:Iodide Peroxidase / Q000276:immunology; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009426:Netherlands; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D013972:Thyrotropin / Q000097:blood; D013974:Thyroxine / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D001323:Autoantibodies; D013972:Thyrotropin; D007453:Iodide Peroxidase; D013974:Thyroxine