title: Induction of psychogenic nonepileptic seizures without placebo.
abstract: The diagnosis of psychogenic nonepileptic seizures (PNES) can only be made with EEG-video monitoring. The authors describe a provocative technique without placebo. Patients with a clinical suspicion for PNES underwent an activation procedure using suggestion, hyperventilation, and photic stimulation. Of 19 inductions performed, 16 (84%) were successful in inducing the habitual episode. The authors' technique had a sensitivity comparable to those using placebo (e.g., saline injection), but does not have disadvantages.
authors.affiliation: Comprehensive Epilepsy Program, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA. sbenbadi@hsc.usf.edu
authors.forename: S R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Benbadis
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Anthony
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Caines
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hess
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Jackson
authors.forename: F L
authors.initials: FL
authors.lastname: Vale
authors.forename: W O
authors.initials: WO
authors.lastname: Tatum
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010919:Placebos; D011602:Psychophysiologic Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis*; D012640:Seizures / Q000175:diagnosis*
chemical_list: D010919:Placebos