title: Endoscopic recurrence of esophageal varices is associated with the specific EUS abnormalities: severe periesophageal collateral veins and large perforating veins.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) with a 20 MHz ultrasound (US) catheter probe can clearly demonstrate esophageal collateral veins. The presence of large periesophageal collateral veins has been correlated with large esophageal varices in patients with portal hypertension. The correlation between the size of esophageal collateral veins and endoscopic recurrence of esophageal varices in patients with portal hypertension who had undergone endoscopic injection sclerotherapy was investigated. Furthermore, whether EUS findings could predict the variceal recurrence was retrospectively studied.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-eight patients who had undergone endoscopic injection sclerotherapy were examined every 3 to 4 months with endoscopy and US catheter probe for a period of 2 years. Recurrence of esophageal varices was determined by endoscopic findings of either new varix formation or appearance of red color sign. Esophageal collateral veins were identified by US catheter probe as peri-esophageal collateral veins (adjacent to the esophageal wall) and para-esophageal collateral veins (separated from the esophageal wall) along with perforating veins; and they were graded as severe and mild type by US catheter probe.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ten of the 38 patients (26.3%) had endoscopic recurrence at a mean of 10.9 months after endoscopic injection sclerotherapy. In patients with endoscopic recurrences, EUS findings included a significantly (p < 0.001) higher incidence of severe type peri-esophageal collateral veins, a significantly larger number of perforating veins (p < 0.001) and a significantly larger diameter of perforating veins (p < 0.001) compared with patients without recurrence (8 of 10, 80% vs. 2 of 28, 7.1%; 1.30 vs. 0.21; 2.00 vs. 0.32 mm, respectively). The presence of veins at the esophagogastric junction did not correlate with recurrence.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Severe type peri-esophageal collateral veins and large perforating veins of the esophagus detected by EUS in patients treated by endoscopic injection sclerotherapy signify recurrence of esophageal varices and predict endoscopic recurrence of varices in subsequent months.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine II, Fukushima Medical University, School of Medicine, Fukushima City, Fukushima, Japan. irisawa@fmu.ac.jp
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Irisawa
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Saito
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Obara
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Shibukawa
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Takagi
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shishido
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sakamoto
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kasukawa
mesh_terms: D003097:Collateral Circulation; D019160:Endosonography; D004932:Esophageal and Gastric Varices / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology*; D004947:Esophagus / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic; D012008:Recurrence; D012720:Severity of Illness Index