title: Somatostatin inhibits Akt phosphorylation and cell cycle entry, but not p42/p44 mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase activation in normal and tumoral pancreatic acinar cells.
abstract: Somatostatin, or its structural analog SMS 201-995 (SMS), is recognized to exert a growth-inhibitory action in rat pancreas, but the cellular mechanisms are not completely understood. This study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of SMS on p42/p44 MAP kinases and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activation and to analyze expression of some cell cycle regulatory proteins in relation to pancreatic acinar cell proliferation in vivo (rat pancreas), as well as in the well-established tumoral cell line AR4-2J. We herein report that: 1) SMS inhibits caerulein-induced pancreatic weight and DNA content and abolishes epidermal growth factor (EGF)-stimulated AR4-2J proliferation; 2) SMS only moderately reduces the stimulatory effect of caerulein on p42/p44 MAP kinase activities in pancreas and has no effect on EGF-stimulated MAP kinase activities in AR4-2J cells; 3) SMS repressed caerulein-induced Akt activity in normal pancreas; 4) SMS has a strong inhibitory action on cyclin E expression induced by caerulein in pancreas and EGF in AR4-2J cells and as expected, the resulting cyclin E-associated cyclin-dependent kinase (cdk)2 activity, as well as pRb phosphorylation, are blunted by SMS treatment in both models; and 5) SMS suppresses mitogen-induced p27(Kip1) down-regulation, as well as marginally induces p21(Cip) expression. Thus, our data suggest that somatostatin-induced growth arrest is mediated by inhibition of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase pathway and by enhanced expression of p21(Cip) and p27(Kip1), leading to repression of pRb phosphorylation and cyclin E-cdk2 complex activity.
authors.affiliation: Département d'Anatomie et Biologie Cellulaire, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke (Québec), J1H 5N4, Canada.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Charland
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Boucher
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Houde
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Rivard
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D002460:Cell Line; D002108:Ceruletide / Q000494:pharmacology; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D004815:Epidermal Growth Factor / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D015282:Octreotide / Q000494:pharmacology; D010179:Pancreas / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D010766:Phosphorylation; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013004:Somatostatin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D013004:Somatostatin; D004815:Epidermal Growth Factor; D002108:Ceruletide; C494920:Akt1 protein, rat; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D015282:Octreotide