Sensoristasis and imbalance in persons with dementia.
OBJECTIVE
To present a model of sensoristasis and imbalance for use by health care professionals to deliver care to older adults with irreversible dementing illness.


BACKGROUND
The Sensoristasis Model shows the need of people with dementia to experience a balance between sensory-stimulating and sensory-calming activity. This model builds on Lawton's environmental docility hypothesis and on Hall and Buckwalter's Progressively Lowered Stress Threshold Model.


METHODS
The model was derived from empirical evidence, theory, and clinical experience. Levels of agitation of three acute care patients experiencing sensoristasis and imbalances in sensoristasis indicate tenets of the model.


RESULTS
Older adults with dementia experience intrapsychic discomfort because of imbalances in the pacing of sensory-stimulating or sensory-calming activity. Consequences of intrapsychic discomfort include agitated behaviors and episodic or premature decline in instrumental and social function.


CONCLUSIONS
Pacing of activity must be guided by interventions that facilitate optimum sensoristasis and often need to be adjusted during stress, environmental change, and progression of the illness. Interventions can ameliorate some of the negative consequences of imbalances in sensoristasis when optimal pacing is not attained.
Kovach
C R
CR
Marquette University College of Nursing, Clark Hall, P.O. Box 1881, Milwaukee, WI 53201, USA. christine.kovach@marquette.edu
D000368:Aged; D003704:Dementia / Q000451:nursing* / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D015577:Geriatric Assessment; D006299:Health Services for the Aged; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D012684:Sensory Thresholds