title: Energy stores and metabolites in chronic reversibly and irreversibly dysfunctional myocardium in humans.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Our goal was to study metabolic energy stores and lactate content in chronic reversibly and irreversibly dysfunctional myocardium.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  It is unknown whether metabolism is deranged in chronic reversibly and irreversibly dysfunctional myocardium in humans. Semiquantitative histological examinations have shown altered mitochondrial morphology and glycogen accumulation in dysfunctional regions.
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied 25 patients with a mean ejection fraction of 38 +/- 9% scheduled for coronary artery bypass surgery. Regional perfusion and metabolism were assessed by positron emission tomography, and regional function was assessed by echocardiography. Perioperative myocardial biopsies were obtained from a control region and from a dysfunctional region. We analyzed biopsies for contents of noncollagen protein (NCP), ATP, ADP, AMP, glycogen and lactate. Six months after surgery we assessed wall motion by echocardiography to group patients in those with (n = 11) and without (n = 14) functional improvement.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Reversibly dysfunctional myocardium had reduced perfusion (0.59 +/- 0.16 vs. 0.69 +/- 0.20 ml/g/min, p < 0.05), similar glucose-tracer uptake (92 +/- 12 and 95 +/- 14%), ATP/ADP ratio (2.4 +/- 1.1 and 2.4 +/- 0.7), glycogen content (631 +/- 174 and 632 +/- 148 nmol/microg NCP) and lactate levels (59 +/- 27 and 52 +/- 29 nmol/microg NCP) compared with control regions. Irreversibly dysfunctional regions (n = 14) had severely reduced perfusion (0.48 +/- 0.15 vs. 0.72 +/- 0.12 ml/g/min, p < 0.001) and glucose-tracer uptake (52 +/- 16 vs. 94 +/- 15%, p < 0.001), reduced ATP/ADP ratio (1.5 +/- 0.9 vs. 2.3 +/- 0.9, p < 0.05), similar glycogen content (579 +/- 265 vs. 593 +/- 127 nmol/microg NCP) and increased lactate levels (114 +/- 52 vs. 89 +/- 24 nmol/microg NCP, p < 0.01) compared with control regions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Contents of metabolic energy stores and lactate in chronic reversibly dysfunctional myocardium were preserved. In contrast, energy stores were depleted in myocardium without functional recovery after revascularization.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Skejby Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark. henrikwiggers@dadlnet.dk
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wiggers
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Noreng
authors.forename: P K
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Paulsen
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bøttcher
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Egeblad
authors.forename: T T
authors.initials: TT
authors.lastname: Nielsen
authors.forename: H E
authors.initials: HE
authors.lastname: Bøtker
mesh_terms: D000244:Adenosine Diphosphate / Q000378:metabolism; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000378:metabolism; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001706:Biopsy; D001026:Coronary Artery Bypass; D003326:Coronary Circulation / Q000502:physiology; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D004734:Energy Metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009206:Myocardium / Q000473:pathology*; D014055:Tomography, Emission-Computed; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000244:Adenosine Diphosphate; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate