title: Independent and additive prognostic value of right ventricular systolic function and pulmonary artery pressure in patients with chronic heart failure.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We sought a better understanding of the coupling between right ventricular ejection fraction (RVEF) and pulmonary artery pressure (PAP), as it might improve the accuracy of the prognostic stratification of patients with heart failure.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Despite the long-standing view that systolic function of the right ventricle (RV) is almost exclusively dependent on the afterload that this cardiac chamber must confront, recent studies claim that RV function is an independent prognostic factor in patients with chronic heart failure.
  
  
  METHODS
  Right heart catheterization was performed in 377 consecutive patients with heart failure.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During a median follow-up period of 17 +/- 9 months, 105 patients died and 35 underwent urgent heart transplantation. Pulmonary artery pressure and thermodilution-derived RVEF were inversely related (r = 0.66, p < 0.001). However, on Cox multivariate survival analysis, no interaction between such variables was found, and both turned out to be independent prognostic predictors (p < 0.001). It was found that RVEF was preserved in some patients with pulmonary hypertension, and that the prognosis of these patients was similar to that of the patients with normal PAP. In contrast, when PAP was normal, reduced RV function did not carry an additional risk.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These observations emphasize the necessity of combining the right heart hemodynamic variables with a functional evaluation of the RV when trying to define the individual risk of patients with heart failure.
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Cardiologia, IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo, Pavia, Italy. s.ghio@smatteo.pv.it
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ghio
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gavazzi
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Campana
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Inserra
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Klersy
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sebastiani
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Arbustini
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Recusani
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Tavazzi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002908:Chronic Disease; D005260:Female; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D006976:Hypertension, Pulmonary / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D011669:Pulmonary Wedge Pressure / Q000502:physiology*; D013318:Stroke Volume / Q000502:physiology; D013599:Systole / Q000502:physiology*; D016278:Ventricular Function, Right / Q000502:physiology*