title: Three-dimensional spiral CT of craniofacial malformations in children.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the value of three-dimensional CT (3D CT) in the diagnosis and management of suspected paediatric craniofacial malformations.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-eight children (12 girls, 16 boys) with a mean age of 4 years, suffering from craniofacial or cervical malformations, underwent craniofacial spiral CT. 3D reformatting was performed using an independent work-station.
  
  
  RESULTS
  3D CT allowed the preoperative evaluation of 16 patients with craniosynostosis and the post-surgical management of 2 patients. 3D CT clearly depicted malformations of the skull base involving the petrous bone in seven patients (four cases of Goldenhar-Gorlin syndrome, one case of Treacher-Collins syndrome and two cases of Crouzon's disease). Four patients with craniofacial clefts were also evaluated. Radiological findings were confirmed by the clinical and intraoperative findings in all patients that underwent surgical treatment. Movement artefacts and "Lego effect" related to abrupt change of cranial vault border were encountered and are discussed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  3D CT of the skull can safely and reliably identify paediatric craniofacial malformations involving bone, and it should be used as morphological mapping to help the surgeon in planning surgical treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University Hospital of Lausanne, CHUV, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland. Stefano.Binaghi@chuv.hospvd.ch
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Binaghi
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Gudinchet
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Rilliet
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D019465:Craniofacial Abnormalities / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D003394:Craniofacial Dysostosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D003398:Craniosynostoses / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D005260:Female; D006053:Goldenhar Syndrome / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D008342:Mandibulofacial Dysostosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D012886:Skull / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods*