title: Transcostovertebral approach for thoracic disc herniations.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The authors describe a new posterolateral transcostovertebral approach for the removal of herniated thoracic discs.
  
  
  METHODS
  From January 1994 to January 2000, 28 thoracic discs in 22 patients were excised via a new transcostovertebral surgical approach. Seventeen patients (77%) presented with axial pain, 14 (64%) with radicular pain, 13 (59%) with myelopathy, eight (36%) with sensory loss, and 10 (45%) with genitourinary (GU) symptoms such as urinary hesitancy or incontinence. The affected discs were approached using a midline incision to gain access of the costovertebral junction. The surgical corridor was posterolateral; the costovertebral joint and lateral edge of the vertebral endplates were drilled to expose the lateral annulus. The ribs were preserved, obviating the need for insertion of a chest tube postoperatively. The average operating time per level was 200.5 minutes (range 90-360 minutes). The average blood loss was 231 ml (50-750 ml). The average length of stay was 3.8 days. Most patients were discharged home on postoperative Day 2 or 3. No patients were worse postoperatively. Improvement was demonstrated in 13 (76%) of 17 patients with axial pain, 11 (79%) of 14 patients with radicular pain, 11 (85%) of 13 patients with myelopathy, seven (88%) of eight patients with sensory loss, and six (60%) of 10 patients with GU symptoms.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This procedure is well suited for any thoracic disc level and offers several advantages over the traditional costotransversectomy or transthoracic approaches: shorter operating time, less blood loss, less extensive soft-tissue and bone dissection, reduced postoperative pain, and shorter hospital stays.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Peoria 61637, USA. ddinh@mailhost.tcs.tulane.edu
authors.forename: D H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Dinh
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tompkins
authors.forename: S B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Clark
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007405:Intervertebral Disc Displacement / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D007902:Length of Stay; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019635:Neurosurgical Procedures; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000503:physiopathology; D016896:Treatment Outcome