title: The photopic negative response of the flash electroretinogram in primary open angle glaucoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether the photopic negative response (PhNR) of the electroretinogram (ERG) is reduced in patients with primary open angle glaucoma (POAG).
  
  
  METHODS
  ERGs were recorded with DTL electrodes from 62 normal subjects (16 to 82 years), 18 POAG patients (47 to 83 years) and 7 POAG suspects (46 to 73 years) to brief flashes (<6 ms), and also in a few subjects to long (200 ms) red, full-field ganzfeld flashes delivered on a rod-saturating blue background. At the time of ERG measurements, the intraocular pressures of most of the patients were controlled medically. Visual field sensitivities were measured with the Humphrey C24-2 threshold test and optic nerve head cup-to-disc ratio (C/D) was determined by binocular indirect ophthalmoscopy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  ERGs of normal subjects contained a slow negative potential following the a- and b-waves, the PhNR, that increased slightly in latency with age. The a- and b-wave amplitudes and implicit times of POAG patients were similar to age-matched controls. In contrast, their PhNRs were small or virtually absent. PhNR amplitudes were reduced even when visual sensitivity losses were small, and were correlated significantly (P < 0.05) with mean deviation (MD), corrected pattern SD (CPSD), and C/D across the population of POAG patients whose MD losses ranged from 1 to 13 dB, CPSDs from 0 to 11 dB and C/Ds from 0.6 to 0.9. PhNRs of most POAG suspects also were small.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PhNR amplitudes in POAG patients are smaller than those of normal subjects. PhNR amplitudes are reduced when visual field sensitivity losses are mild and become even smaller as sensitivity losses increase. There is a potential role for the PhNR in early detection and possibly in monitoring the progression of glaucomatous damage.
authors.affiliation: College of Optometry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-6052, USA.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Viswanathan
authors.forename: L J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Frishman
authors.forename: J G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Robson
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Walters
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D004596:Electroretinography; D005260:Female; D005902:Glaucoma, Open-Angle / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D008027:Light; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009887:Ophthalmoscopy; D009898:Optic Disk / Q000473:pathology; D010775:Photic Stimulation; D012160:Retina / Q000503:physiopathology*; D058609:Visual Field Tests; D014794:Visual Fields