title: Thrombolysis in brain ischemia (TIBI) transcranial Doppler flow grades predict clinical severity, early recovery, and mortality in patients treated with intravenous tissue plasminogen activator.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  TIMI angiographic classification measures coronary residual flow and recanalization. We developed a Thrombolysis in Brain Ischemia (TIBI) classification by using transcranial Doppler (TCD) to noninvasively monitor intracranial vessel residual flow signals. We examined whether the emergent TCD TIBI classification correlated with stroke severity and outcome in patients treated with intravenously administered tPA (IV-tPA).
  
  
  METHODS
  TCD examination occurred acutely and on day 2. TIBI flows were determined at distal MCA and basilar artery depths, depending on occlusion site. TIBI waveforms were graded as follows: 0, absent; 1, minimal; 2, blunted; 3, dampened; 4, stenotic; and 5, normal. National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) scores were obtained at baseline and 24 hours after administration of tPA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One hundred nine IV tPA patients were studied. Mean+/-SD age was 68+/-16 years; median NIHSS score before administration of tPA (pre-tPA) was 17.5. The tPA bolus was administered 143+/-58 minutes and the TCD examination 141+/-57 minutes after symptom onset. Pre-tPA NIHSS scores were higher in patients with TIBI grade 0 than TIBI grade 4 or 5 flow. TIBI flow improvement to grade 4 or 5 occurred in 35% of patients (19/54) with an initial grade of 0 or 1 and in 52% (12/23) with initial grade 2 or 3. The 24-hour NIHSS scores were higher in follow-up in patients with TIBI grade 0 or 1 than those with TIBI grade 4 or 5 flow. TIBI flow recovery correlated with NIHSS score improvement. Lack of flow recovery predicted worsening or no improvement. In-hospital mortality was 71% (5/7) for patients with posterior circulation occlusions; it was 22% (11/51) for patients with pre-tPA TIBI 0 or 1 compared with 5% (1/19) for those with pre-tPA TIBI 2 or 3 anterior circulation occlusions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Emergent TCD TIBI classification correlates with initial stroke severity, clinical recovery, and mortality in IV-tPA-treated stroke patients. A flow-grade improvement correlated with clinical improvement.
authors.affiliation: Seaman Family MR Research Centre, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada. ademchuk@dcns.ucalgary.ca
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Demchuk
authors.forename: W S
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Burgin
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Christou
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Felberg
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Barber
authors.forename: M D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Hill
authors.forename: A V
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Alexandrov
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000416:Alberta; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity / Q000187:drug effects*; D001921:Brain / Q000098:blood supply / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000145:classification / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000188:drug therapy; D002560:Cerebrovascular Circulation / Q000187:drug effects; D017052:Hospital Mortality; D006801:Humans; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011446:Prospective Studies; D020127:Recovery of Function / Q000187:drug effects; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D015996:Survival Rate; D013781:Texas; D015912:Thrombolytic Therapy; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D017585:Ultrasonography, Doppler, Transcranial
chemical_list: D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator