title: Cerebral white matter lesions in bipolar affective disorder: relationship to outcome.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Twenty per cent of patients with bipolar affective disorder suffer an illness that responds inadequately to treatment and has a poor outcome. Many patients, but not all, with bipolar disorder show white matter abnormalities on T(2)-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To explore the hypothesis that white matter abnormalities on MRI are seen more frequently in subjects whose illness has a poor outcome compared with those with a good outcome or controls.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two groups of age- and gender-matched patients with bipolar disorder (14 with a good outcome and 15 with a poor outcome) and 15 controls, aged 20-65 years, were studied. Axial T(2)-weighted MRI scans were examined for the presence and severity of white matter abnormalities.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Significantly more poor outcome group members had deep subcortical punctate, but not periventricular, white matter hyperintensities than the good outcome group (P:=0.035) or controls (P:=0.003) and these abnormalities were of greater severity (P:=0.030 and P:<0.014, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Subcortical white matter lesions are associated with poor outcome bipolar disorder.
authors.affiliation: Tranwell Unit, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Windy Nook Road, Gateshead NE9 6SX, UK.
authors.forename: P B
authors.initials: PB
authors.lastname: Moore
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Shepherd
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Eccleston
authors.forename: I C
authors.initials: IC
authors.lastname: Macmillan
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Goswami
authors.forename: V L
authors.initials: VL
authors.lastname: McAllister
authors.forename: I N
authors.initials: IN
authors.lastname: Ferrier
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology*; D001927:Brain Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002540:Cerebral Cortex; D002552:Cerebral Ventricles; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018579:Patient Selection; D011379:Prognosis; D016896:Treatment Outcome