title: Useful prognostic panel markers to express the biological tumor status in resected lung adenocarcinomas.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Tumor stage and its histological subtype remain the most important predictors of clinical behavior in current pulmonary practice of lung cancer. However, many investigators agree that these parameters are not sufficient to predict which tumor will recur, even after radical curative surgery. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate the significance of other morphological, biological and molecular parameters beyond TNM classification.
  
  
  METHODS
  Pathological specimens were collected from 45 patients after resection for stage IA (five), stage IB (10), stage IIB (10), stage IIIA (14) and stage IV (six) lung adenocarcinomas. A panel of two morphological (proportion of stroma within the tumor and degree of tumor differentiation), two biological [DNA ploidy and argyrophilic nucleolar organizer region (AgNOR)] and three molecular (immunohistochemical expression of Ki-67, p53 and bcl-2) markers was chosen for analysis of the primary tumor. Life Tables for Survival were used to analyze the individual impact of each variable on survival. Cox proportional hazards model analysis was used to construct an independent tumor status model for cancer recurrence and death. Chi-squared analyses were used to determine the statistically significant relationship among all the variables present in the study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Multivariate analysis demonstrated statistically significant risk for the following markers: AgNOR, p53 and bcl-2, controlled for stages and surgical resection.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The immunohistochemical expression of p53 and bcl-2 oncogenes and the expression of AgNOR cell proliferation index are critical values in the progression of lung adenocarcinomas. They can express the biological tumor status and indicate a more accurate prognosis.
authors.affiliation: Thoracic Service of Marília Medical School, Brazil. peocarva@unimedmarilia.com.br
authors.forename: P E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Carvalho
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Antonãngelo
authors.forename: F D
authors.initials: FD
authors.lastname: Bernardi
authors.forename: L E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Leão
authors.forename: O R
authors.initials: OR
authors.lastname: Rodrigues
authors.forename: V L
authors.initials: VL
authors.lastname: Capelozzi
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis*; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen / Q000032:analysis; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D009697:Nucleolus Organizer Region / Q000737:chemistry; D011003:Ploidies; D011379:Prognosis; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / Q000032:analysis; D016622:Silver Staining; D016019:Survival Analysis; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53