title: Ipratropium bromide plus nebulized albuterol for the treatment of hospitalized children with acute asthma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether the addition of repeated doses of nebulized ipratropium bromide (IB) to a standardized inpatient asthma care algorithm (ACA) for children with status asthmaticus improves clinical outcome.
  
  
  METHODS
  Children with acute asthma (N = 210) age 1 to 18 years admitted to the ACA were assigned to the intervention or placebo group in randomized double-blind fashion. Both groups received nebulized albuterol, systemic corticosteroids, and oxygen according to the ACA. The intervention group received 250 microg IB combined with 2.5 mg albuterol by jet nebulization in a dosing schedule determined by the ACA phase. The placebo group received isotonic saline solution substituted for IB. Progression through each ACA phase occurred based on assessments of oxygenation, air exchange, wheezing, accessory muscle use, and respiratory rate performed at prescribed intervals.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No significant differences were observed between treatment groups in hospital length of stay (P =.46), asthma carepath progression (P =.37), requirement for additional therapy, or adverse effects. Children >6 years (N = 70) treated with IB had shorter mean hospital length of stay (P =.03) and more rapid mean asthma carepath progression (P =.02) than children in the placebo group. However, after adjustment was done for baseline group differences, the observed benefit of IB therapy in older children no longer reached statistical significance.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The routine addition of repeated doses of nebulized IB to a standardized regimen of systemic corticosteroids and frequently administered beta-2 agonists confers no significant enhancement of clinical outcome for the treatment of hospitalized children with status asthmaticus.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospitals of Cleveland, Rainbow Babies and Childrens Hospital, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Craven
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Kercsmar
authors.forename: T R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Myers
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: O'riordan
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Golonka
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Moore
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000280:Administration, Inhalation; D000293:Adolescent; D000318:Adrenergic beta-Agonists / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000367:Age Factors; D000420:Albuterol / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000465:Algorithms; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001993:Bronchodilator Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D018680:Cholinergic Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D019091:Critical Pathways; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D006760:Hospitalization / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D009241:Ipratropium / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007902:Length of Stay / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008297:Male; D009330:Nebulizers and Vaporizers; D011659:Pulmonary Gas Exchange; D013224:Status Asthmaticus / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D013256:Steroids; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000318:Adrenergic beta-Agonists; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D001993:Bronchodilator Agents; D018680:Cholinergic Antagonists; D013256:Steroids; D009241:Ipratropium; D000420:Albuterol