title: Synergistic action of a cyclic depsipeptide and piperazine on nematodes.
abstract: The present study describes the synergistic effects of the cyclic depsipeptide BAY 44-4400 and piperazine in the treatment against the nematodes Trichinella spiralis, Heligmosomoides polygyrus, and Heterakis spumosa. The in vitro anthelmintic activity of a combination of the two compounds (1.7 motility units) against T. spiralis larvae was significantly higher than the sum of the individual drug effects (1.3 motility units). With regard to the rate of expulsion of H. polygyrus worms from the intestine of infected mice, an additive effect was observed; piperazine alone exerted an efficacy of 54.4% and BAY 44-4400 alone, one of 44.4%, whereas the combination of these compounds had an efficacy of 97.5%. With regard to the expulsion of H. spumosa worms, the effect of the combination was more than 5 orders of magnitude greater than the sum of the effects of the single compounds, i.e., there was a considerable potentiation of the actions of BAY 44-4400 and piperazine. Moreover, the combination exerted a significantly higher degree of degenerative effects on the intestine and on the nerve chords of H. spumosa as compared with the single compounds.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Zoomorphology, Cell Biology and Parasitology, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Nicolay
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Harder
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: von Samson-Himmelstjerna
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mehlhorn
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000969:Antinematodal Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017162:Ascaridida / Q000187:drug effects / Q000648:ultrastructure; D017191:Ascaridida Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000469:parasitology; D047630:Depsipeptides; D004357:Drug Synergism; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008854:Microscopy, Electron; D009348:Nematoda / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D009349:Nematode Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000469:parasitology; D009351:Nematospiroides dubius / Q000187:drug effects / Q000648:ultrastructure; D010456:Peptides, Cyclic / Q000737:chemistry*; D000077489:Piperazine; D010879:Piperazines / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017206:Strongylida Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000469:parasitology; D017160:Trichinella spiralis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000648:ultrastructure; D014235:Trichinellosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000469:parasitology
chemical_list: D000969:Antinematodal Agents; D047630:Depsipeptides; D010456:Peptides, Cyclic; D010879:Piperazines; C075544:PF 1022A; D000077489:Piperazine