Characterization of a novel simian immunodeficiency virus from guereza colobus monkeys (Colobus guereza) in Cameroon: a new lineage in the nonhuman primate lentivirus family.
Exploration of the diversity among primate lentiviruses is necessary to elucidate the origins and evolution of immunodeficiency viruses. During a serological survey in Cameroon, we screened 25 wild-born guereza colobus monkeys (Colobus guereza) and identified 7 with HIV/SIV cross-reactive antibodies. In this study, we describe a novel lentivirus, named SIVcol, prevalent in guereza colobus monkeys. Genetic analysis revealed that SIVcol was very distinct from all other known SIV/HIV isolates, with average amino acid identities of 40% for Gag, 50% for Pol, 28% for Env, and around 25% for proteins encoded by five other genes. Phylogenetic analyses confirmed that SIVcol is genetically distinct from other previously characterized primate lentiviruses and clusters independently, forming a novel lineage, the sixth in the current classification. Cercopithecidae monkeys (Old World monkeys) are subdivided into two subfamilies, the Colobinae and the Cercopithecinae, and, so far, all Cercopithecidae monkeys from which lentiviruses have been isolated belong to the Cercopithecinae subfamily. Therefore, SIVcol from guereza colobus monkeys (C. guereza) is the first primate lentivirus identified in the Colobinae subfamily and the divergence of SIVcol may reflect divergence of the host lineage.
Courgnaud
V
V
Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Montpellier, France.
Pourrut
X
X
Bibollet-Ruche
F
F
Mpoudi-Ngole
E
E
Bourgeois
A
A
Delaporte
E
E
Peeters
M
M
D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood; D001483:Base Sequence; D002163:Cameroon / Q000453:epidemiology; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D003104:Colobus / Q000821:virology*; D005260:Female; D015483:HIV Antibodies / Q000097:blood; D015699:HIV Envelope Protein gp120 / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D016086:Lentivirus / Q000235:genetics; D008297:Male; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010802:Phylogeny; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D016036:Seroepidemiologic Studies; D016097:Simian Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology*; D015302:Simian Immunodeficiency Virus / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology / Q000302:isolation & purification; D014759:Viral Envelope Proteins
D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D015483:HIV Antibodies; D015699:HIV Envelope Protein gp120; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D014759:Viral Envelope Proteins; C069623:gp120 protein, Simian immunodeficiency virus