title: Manometrically-guided endoscopic injection of botulinum toxin for esophageal achalasia: a pilot trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Some patients gained only short-term response (< 6 months) after botulinum toxin (BTX) injection for achalasia. This may be due to an incorrect site of injection when targeting the lower esophageal sphincter by using endoscopic landmarks only.
  
  
  METHODS
  7 elderly patients (4 females, 67 +/- 20 years) with classical achalasia received manometrically-guided botulinum toxin injection by means of a double-channel endoscope. Thereafter, they were clinically re-evaluated at 6 weeks and later on at bi-monthly intervals.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean symptom score decreased 6 weeks after the manometrically-guided BTX-treatment from 12 +/- 2 (before BTX) to 6 +/- 2 points (p = 0.02). However, according to the study criteria one patient did not respond to BTX-injection and underwent subsequent cardiomyotomy. The LES-resting pressure was found not to be altered in this patient (6 weeks after BTX-injection) but manometry revealed a marked decrease of the LES-tone in 3 other patients who benefitted from BTX-injection. 5 of the 6 patients, who initially benefited from BTX-injection, relapsed 10 months (range, 6-13 months) after their initial BTX-treatment. They all were treated with repeated BTX-injections. At completion of the study (1.5-year follow-up) the mean symptom score of the 6 patients was still significantly lower (6 +/- 2 points) than before study entry (p = 0.03).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Manometrically-guided endoscopic BTX-injection is a simple, safe and highly effective (during 1.5-year follow-up) technique for treatment of esophageal achalasia. With the manometrically-guided injection technique one may obtain a longer lasting symptomatic response than with the traditional method of BTX-application.
authors.affiliation: Medizinische Klinik II, Klinikum der J.-W.-Goethe-Universität, Frankfurt/Main, Deutschland. twehrmann@hotmail.com
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wehrmann
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Schmitt
authors.forename: C F
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Dietrich
authors.forename: W F
authors.initials: WF
authors.lastname: Caspary
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Seifert
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004931:Esophageal Achalasia / Q000188:drug therapy*; D004945:Esophagoscopy; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007273:Injections, Intramuscular; D008297:Male; D008365:Manometry; D008875:Middle Aged; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A