title: Distributions of Li+, Na+ K+, Rb+, and Cs+ tracer ions in erythrocytes at 38 degrees C in relation to entry rates of these ions into cells at 0 degree C.
abstract: Forces that are able to transport Na+ and K+ into two compartments were investigated. A modified Nernst-Planck equation for coupled flows of electric current, water, and ions was integrated. The result shows that if alkali ions in the ion channel of the cell membrane are separated by their electric-current-induced inward flows against an electro-osmotic outward flow of water, the logarithms of the stationary cell/medium distributions of these ions should be proportional to the inverse of their diffusion mobilities. The relationship was tested in human erythrocytes. From inward and outward movements of tracer alkali ions, calculations were made to obtain their stationary distributions at infinite time. The cell/medium distributions determined in this way at 38 degrees C are Li+ = 0.59, 22Na+ = 0.044, 42K+ = 10.0, 86Rb+ = 11.9, and 137Cs+ = 3.07. The entry rates of ions into the cell at 0 degrees C are understood to represent their diffusion mobilities in the pump channel. The entry rates are Li+ = 1.44, 2Na+ = 1, 42K+ = 2.22, 86Rb+ = 2.39, and 137Cs+ = 1.72 relative to that of 22Na+. There is an expected negative correlation between the logarithms of the stationary cell/ medium distributions at 38 degrees C and the inverse of the entry rates into the cell at 0 degrees C for the five ions. It is suggested that the proposed physical forces cause the separation of alkali ions in the channel of Na,K-ATPase.
authors.affiliation: Wihuri Research Institute, Helsinki, Finland. simo.sal@fimnet.fi
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Salminen
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ekman
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rastas
mesh_terms: D001693:Biological Transport, Active; D002586:Cesium / Q000097:blood*; D004563:Electrochemistry; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D006874:Hydrostatic Pressure; D007700:Kinetics; D008094:Lithium / Q000097:blood*; D008954:Models, Biological; D011188:Potassium / Q000097:blood*; D012413:Rubidium / Q000097:blood*; D012964:Sodium / Q000097:blood*; D000254:Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase / Q000097:blood; D013696:Temperature; D013816:Thermodynamics
chemical_list: D002586:Cesium; D008094:Lithium; D012964:Sodium; D000254:Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase; D012413:Rubidium; D011188:Potassium