title: Radical esophagectomy and secondary anastomosis for high-risk patients with intrathoracic esophageal carcinoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We have often conducted esophageal reconstruction via a thoracic subcutaneous route in high-risk patients to avoid major complications following anastomotic leakage. This type of reconstruction is nonphysiological, however, and presents a poor cosmetic appearance. In better risk patients, therefore, we usually conduct gastric-tube replacement via a posterior mediastinal route. We have recently begun gastric-tube replacement via the posterior mediastinal route with secondary anastomosis for high-risk patients to avoid anastomotic leakage.
  
  
  RESULTS
  From 1996 to 1999, secondary anastomosis was conducted in 25 patients with different degrees of risk--10 with diabetes mellitus, 7 with liver dysfunction, 3 with simultaneous laryngeal and/or pharyngeal cancer, 2 each with induction chemoradiotherapy, cardiac failure, renal dysfunction, respiratory failure, and cardiorespiratory dysfunction, and 1 with cerebral infarction. 6 patients had with multiple combined diseases. Secondary anastomosis was conducted 3-12 weeks (mean: 5.5 weeks) after esophagectomy. Stomach-tube necrosis was not seen in any of the 25 patients undergoing this 2-step procedure. Anastomosis leakage was seen in 5 of the 25 patients (20%), but was slight, in all but 1.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our 2-step procedure has the following advantages: low risk of anastomotic leakage, radical surgery for esophageal cancer, the potential for early adjuvant therapy after esophagectomy, easy and early training in swallowing, and no cosmetic problem. Its disadvantages are prolonged hospitalization, multiple surgery, and esophageal stoma formation. Secondary anastomosis thus appears helpful in treating high-risk patients with advanced esophageal cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Kurume University School of Medicine, 67 Asahimachi, Kurume 830-0011, Japan.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sueyoshi
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yamana
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Fujita
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Toh
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kubota
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mine
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sasahara
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shirouzu
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000714:Anastomosis, Surgical / Q000379:methods; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*; D016629:Esophagectomy / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures / Q000379:methods