title: Immunosuppression as adjuvant therapy for biliary atresia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Despite improvements in the surgical management of biliary atresia, the long-term incidence of progressive liver failure remains high. Because chronic inflammation involving both bile ducts and liver parenchyma contributes to the pathology, the authors have hypothesized that the liver damage may be altered using immunosuppressive therapy. The aim of this study was to examine the safety and efficacy of long-term steroid therapy in patients with biliary atresia.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective analysis of all patients with biliary atresia treated with an hepatoportoenterostomy and postoperative steroid therapy at our 3 institutions was undertaken. Patients were treated uniformly with immunosuppressive doses of oral steroids for a minimum of 6 weeks after surgery.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-five infants with biliary atresia were treated with steroid therapy. Overall survival rate was 22 patients (88%) with a mean follow-up period of 50 months. Nineteen patients (76%) became jaundice free with native liver function. Four patients (16%) did not respond to treatment and required transplantation. Age less than 12 weeks was a crucial predictor of success of adjuvant steroid therapy. Cholangitis developed in 8 patients (32%). There were no complications caused by steroid therapy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Steroid administration at immunosuppressive doses markedly improves the clinical outcome within the first 5 years after surgery as measured by jaundice-free status and survival without liver transplantation when compared with concurrent reports. These results suggest that immunosuppressive therapy is safe and has a positive impact on the clinical course of this disease. However, a randomized study is needed to ultimately prove such an hypothesis.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Children's Hospital, Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA.
authors.forename: P W
authors.initials: PW
authors.lastname: Dillon
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Owings
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Cilley
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Field
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Curnow
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Georgeson
mesh_terms: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001656:Biliary Atresia / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000601:surgery*; D017024:Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008111:Liver Function Tests; D016031:Liver Transplantation; D008297:Male; D011241:Prednisone / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015996:Survival Rate; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D011241:Prednisone