Mutations in the small heterodimer partner gene are associated with mild obesity in Japanese subjects.
Mutations in several genes encoding transcription factors of the hepatocyte nuclear factor (HNF) cascade are associated with maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY), a monogenic form of early-onset diabetes mellitus. The ability of the orphan nuclear receptor small heterodimer partner (SHP, NR0B2) to modulate the transcriptional activity of MODY1 protein, the nuclear receptor HNF-4alpha, suggested SHP as a candidate MODY gene. We screened 173 unrelated Japanese subjects with early-onset diabetes for mutations in this gene and found five different mutations (H53fsdel10, L98fsdel9insAC, R34X, A195S, and R213C) in 6 subjects as well as one apparent polymorphism (R216H), all present in the heterozygous state. Interestingly, all of the subjects with the mutations were mildly or moderately obese at onset of diabetes, and analysis of the lineages of these individuals indicated that the SHP mutations were associated with obesity rather than with diabetes. Therefore, an additional group of 101 unrelated nondiabetic subjects with early-onset obesity was screened for mutations in the SHP gene. Two of the previously observed mutations (R34X and A195S) and two additional mutations (R57W and G189E) were identified in 6 subjects, whereas no mutations were identified in 116 young nondiabetic lean controls (P = 0.0094). Functional studies of the mutant proteins show that the mutations result in the loss of SHP activity. These results suggest that genetic variation in the SHP gene contributes to increased body weight and reveal a pathway leading to this common metabolic disorder in Japanese.
Nishigori
H
H
Laboratories of Molecular Genetics and Cell Physiology, Department of Cell Biology, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8512, Japan.
Tomura
H
H
Tonooka
N
N
Kanamori
M
M
Yamada
S
S
Sho
K
K
Inoue
I
I
Kikuchi
N
N
Onigata
K
K
Kojima
I
I
Kohama
T
T
Yamagata
K
K
Yang
Q
Q
Matsuzawa
Y
Y
Miki
T
T
Seino
S
S
Kim
M Y
MY
Choi
H S
HS
Lee
Y K
YK
Moore
D D
DD
Takeda
J
J
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017668:Age of Onset; D019943:Amino Acid Substitution; D051778:Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Leucine Zipper Transcription Factors; D001724:Birth Weight / Q000235:genetics; D001835:Body Weight / Q000235:genetics; D002648:Child; D002878:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 1 / Q000235:genetics; D015897:Comorbidity; D004252:DNA Mutational Analysis; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000208:ethnology / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D005799:Genes, Dominant; D005808:Genes, Recessive; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D051557:Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 4; D006579:Heterozygote; D006801:Humans; D006946:Hyperinsulinism / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000208:ethnology / Q000235:genetics; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D008126:Lod Score; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020125:Mutation, Missense; D009765:Obesity / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000208:ethnology / Q000235:genetics*; D010375:Pedigree; D010750:Phosphoproteins / Q000502:physiology; D017354:Point Mutation; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear / Q000235:genetics*; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000502:physiology; D015533:Transcriptional Activation; D014162:Transfection; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
D051778:Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Leucine Zipper Transcription Factors; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; C496592:HNF4A protein, human; D051557:Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 4; C403128:MLX protein, human; D010750:Phosphoproteins; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear; D014157:Transcription Factors; C099713:nuclear receptor subfamily 0, group B, member 2