title: Hybrid external fixation in high-energy elbow fractures: a modular system with a promising future.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Severe, high-energy, periarticular elbow injuries producing a "floating joint" are a major surgical challenge. Their reconstruction and rehabilitation are not well documented. Therefore, the following reports our experience with treating such injuries caused by war wounds.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seven adults with compound open peri- and intra-articular elbow fractures were treated in hybrid ring tubular fixation frames. After debridement, bone stabilization, and neurovascular reconstructions, early controlled daily movements were started in the affected joint.
  
  
  RESULTS
  These seven patients had together seven humeral, five radial, and six ulnar fractures. All fractures united at a median time of 180 days. No deep infection developed. The functional end results assessed by the Khalfayan functional score were excellent in two, good in one, and fair in four of these severely mangled upper extremities. None was amputated.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The Mangled Extremity Severity Score has been shown to be unable to provide a reliable assessment for severe high-energy limb injuries surgically managed with the modular hybrid thin wire tubular external fixation system. This hybrid system is a very useful addition to the surgical armamentarium of orthopedic trauma surgeons. It both allows complex surgical reconstructions and reduces the incidence of deep infections in these heavily contaminated injuries. The hybrid circular (thin wire) external fixation system is very modular and may provide secure skeletal stabilization even in cases of severely comminuted juxta-articular fractures on both sides of the elbow joint (floating elbow) with severe damage to soft tissues. This fixation system allows individual fixation of forearm bone fractures, thus allowing the preservation of pronation-supination movements.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rambam Medical Centre, Haifa, Israel.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lerner
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Stahl
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Stein
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001753:Blast Injuries / Q000534:rehabilitation / Q000601:surgery; D004867:Equipment Design; D016267:External Fixators; D005592:Fracture Fixation; D006801:Humans; D006810:Humeral Fractures / Q000534:rehabilitation / Q000601:surgery; D015601:Injury Severity Score; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011885:Radius Fractures / Q000534:rehabilitation / Q000601:surgery; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014458:Ulna Fractures / Q000534:rehabilitation / Q000601:surgery; D014950:Wounds, Penetrating / Q000534:rehabilitation* / Q000601:surgery*; D000092464:Elbow Injuries