title: [Short-term hypofractionated radiotherapy followed by total mesorectal  excision].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Is preoperative short-term radiotherapy of operable rectal carcinoma feasible with regard to early side effects and perioperative complications?
  
  
  METHODS
  As of December 1996 to March 1999, 34 patients with locally advanced rectal cancer have been irradiated preoperatively with 5 times 5 Gy. After CT-planning, radiotherapy was administered using a 3-field or 4-field box technique with 2 anterior-posterior fields or a posterior field of 9 +/- 2 cm x 11.5 +/- 2.4 cm and 2 opposed bilateral fields of 9 +/- 1.5 cm x 11.5 +/- 2 cm with 6- to 25-MV photons. Surgery was performed 14 +/- 6 days after irradiation in 33/34 patients (82% anterior resection with total mesorectal excision, 18% abdomino-perineal resection). Patients with a positive lymph node status or pT3/4 lesions underwent adjuvant chemotherapy with 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU). The median follow-up period is 189 days (range: 15 to 548 days).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The following early side reactions were registered: increased bowel movements (4/34), fatigue (2/34), pain in the groins (1/34), nausea and perianal smart (1/34), vertigo (1/34), temporary urinary obstruction (1/34). One patient with heart failure NYHA Grade III died of a heart attack after 21 days. Preoperative T and N categories showed a distribution of 3, 29 and 2 for T4, T3 and unknown and 20, 11 and 3 for N+, N- and unknown; postoperative T and N categories showed a distribution of 3, 19 and 11 for T4, T3 and T2 and 19 and 14 for N+ and N-. In 32 of 33 patients tumor-free margins were achieved. One patient with peritoneal metastases had a R1 resection. In 3 patients metastases were detected intraoperatively. Perioperative complications were: 2 cases of leaking anastomosis and postoperative bowel atonia, 1 case with bowel obstruction, delayed wound healing, wound dehiscence and temporary renal dysfunction.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Preoperative radiotherapy is feasible with moderate toxicity and is able to induce down staging despite the short time interval between radiotherapy and surgery.
authors.affiliation: Klinik für Strahlentherapie und Radioonkologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lammering
authors.forename: K A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Hartmann
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Frenken
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Aryus
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Döker
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ulrich
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000532:radiotherapy* / Q000601:surgery*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000964:Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017024:Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy / Q000009:adverse effects; D019583:Dose Fractionation, Radiation; D005260:Female; D005472:Fluorouracil / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011880:Radiotherapy Planning, Computer-Assisted; D012004:Rectal Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000532:radiotherapy* / Q000601:surgery*; D013997:Time Factors; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed
chemical_list: D000964:Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic; D005472:Fluorouracil