title: Double stenting for esophageal and tracheobronchial stenoses.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We examined the complications and outcomes of placing stents for both esophageal and tracheobronchial stenoses.
  
  
  METHODS
  We placed stents for both esophageal and tracheobronchial stenoses in 8 patients (7 with esophageal cancer and 1 with lung cancer). Covered or noncovered metallic stents were used for the esophageal stenoses, except in 1 patient treated with a silicone stent. Silicone stents were used for the tracheobronchial stenoses. The grades of esophageal and tracheobronchial stenoses were scored.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All patients experienced improvement of grades of both dysphagia and respiratory symptoms after stent therapy. The complications were: (1) 2 patients suffered respiratory distress after placement of the esophageal stent because of compression of the trachea by the stent; and (2) 3 patients developed new esophago-tracheobronchial fistulae, and 2 patients had recurring fistula symptoms because of growth of preexisting fistulae after the stent placement, which were caused by pressure from the 2 stents. Despite the fistulae, the 5 patients treated with covered metallic stents did not complain of fistula symptoms, but 2 patients treated with noncovered metallic or silicone stents did complain.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  For patients with both esophageal and tracheobronchial stenoses, a stent should be introduced into the tracheobronchus first. Because placement of stents in both the esophagus and tracheobronchus has a high risk of enlargement of the fistula, a covered metallic stent is preferable for esophageal cancer involving the tracheobronchus.
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic Surgery, Saiseikai Central Hospital, Tokyo, Japan. hnomori@qk9.su-net.ne.jp
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nomori
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Horio
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Imazu
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Suemasu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000402:Airway Obstruction / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D001982:Bronchial Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible; D003680:Deglutition Disorders / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000628:therapy*; D004940:Esophageal Stenosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008670:Metals; D008875:Middle Aged; D010166:Palliative Care; D012828:Silicones; D015607:Stents; D014135:Tracheal Stenosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D014138:Tracheoesophageal Fistula / Q000209:etiology; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible; D008670:Metals; D012828:Silicones