title: Contribution of doppler sonography blood flow information to the diagnosis of metastatic cervical nodes in patients with head and neck cancer: assessment in relation to anatomic levels of the neck.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Although sonographic evaluation of cervical adenopathy by use of size criteria is effective, the sensitivity and specificity fall short of that required to make adequate judgments regarding neck dissection. Therefore, we tested whether the combined use of size criteria and Doppler sonographic findings would improve the predictive ability for metastatic cervical nodes.
  
  
  METHODS
  We analyzed 338 histologically proved cervical lymph nodes (108 metastatic and 230 nonmetastatic) in 73 patients with head and neck cancer. The sonographic topography of the nodes was compared with dissected specimens, and their position in the neck was categorized into three levels (I, II, and III+IV). The diagnostic accuracy of sonography was evaluated by using the single criterion of short-axis diameter of the node or by the combined criteria of short-axis diameter and Doppler blood flow features (the absence or presence of normal hilar flow).
  
  
  RESULTS
  As compared with the single criterion of short-axis nodal diameter, the combined criteria of nodal size and Doppler blood flow patterns increased the diagnostic accuracy of sonography at all levels in the neck. Accordingly, the best cut-off values were improved to 6, 7, and 5 mm for nodes at levels I, II, and III+IV, respectively. In addition, the combined criteria yielded high sensitivites (> or = 89%) and specificities (> or = 94%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hilar blood flow information obtained by Doppler sonography significantly improves diagnostic accuracy for the detection of nodes metastatic from head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.
authors.affiliation: Nagasaki University School of Dentistry, Japan.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yonetsu
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sumi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Izumi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ohki
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Eida
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakamura
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006258:Head and Neck Neoplasms / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D008198:Lymph Nodes; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009333:Neck; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012039:Regional Blood Flow; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018608:Ultrasonography, Doppler