title: Intraterminal Ca(2+) and spontaneous transmitter release at the frog neuromuscular junction.
abstract: We investigated the relationship between intraterminal Ca(2+) concentration ([Ca(2+)](i)) and the frequency of miniature end plate potentials (MEPPs) at the frog neuromuscular junction by use of ratiometric imaging of fura-2-loaded nerve terminals and intracellular recording of MEPPs. Elevation of extracellular [KCl] over the range of 2-20 mM resulted in increases in [Ca(2+)](i) and MEPP frequency. Loading terminals with the fast and slow Ca(2+)-buffers bis-(o-aminophenoxy)-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid-acetoxymethyl (BAPTA-AM) and EGTA-AM resulted in equivalent reductions in the KCl-dependent increases in MEPP frequency. The [Ca(2+)](i) dependence of MEPP frequency determined by elevation of [Ca(2+)](i) due to application of 0.1-10 microM ionomycin was similar to that determined when [Ca(2+)](i) was raised by increasing extracellular KCl. Measurements in 10 mM extracellular KCl revealed that application of the phorbol ester phorbol 12 myristate 13-acetetate (PMA) caused an increase in MEPP frequency while the inactive analogue, 4 alpha-PMA, did not. PMA application also caused an increase in [Ca(2+)](i). The relationship between [Ca(2+)](i) and MEPP frequency in PMA was the same as was determined by the other methods of raising [Ca(2+)](i). Under all conditions tested, our data revealed a low [Ca(2+)](i) threshold for activation of transmitter release and are consistent with a K(d) for [Ca(2+)](i) on the order of 1 microM.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, University of Denver, Denver, Colorado 80208, USA. jangleso@du.edu
authors.forename: J K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Angleson
authors.forename: W J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Betz
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism*; D002614:Chelating Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004533:Egtazic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D016257:Fura-2; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D015759:Ionomycin / Q000494:pharmacology; D007476:Ionophores / Q000494:pharmacology; D008564:Membrane Potentials / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D009469:Neuromuscular Junction / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D018377:Neurotransmitter Agents / Q000378:metabolism*; D011189:Potassium Chloride / Q000494:pharmacology; D017729:Presynaptic Terminals / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D011894:Rana pipiens; D012684:Sensory Thresholds / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D002614:Chelating Agents; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D007476:Ionophores; D018377:Neurotransmitter Agents; C070379:1,2-bis(2-aminophenoxy)ethane N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid acetoxymethyl ester; D004533:Egtazic Acid; D015759:Ionomycin; D011189:Potassium Chloride; C046770:EGTA acetoxymethyl ester; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate; D002118:Calcium; D016257:Fura-2