title: Successful treatment of erythromelalgia with intrathecal hydromorphone and clonidine.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study was to determine if intractable pain from erythromelalgia could be successfully treated with intrathecal hydromorphone and clonidine.
  
  
  METHODS
  A single case of pain from erythromelalgia refractory to multiple treatment modalities was examined and treated.
  
  
  METHODS
  The setting is an outpatient pain clinic at a major university teaching hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Our patient is an 82-year-old woman with hypertension and peripheral vascular disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  Intrathecal opioid and an alpha2-agonist were administered.
  
  
  METHODS
  Outcome was determined by means of patient self-report during office follow-up visits.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Administration of intrathecal opioid and an alpha2-agonist can be effective in the treatment of the pain of erythromelalgia and offers an alternative pain treatment modality for patients with unremitting pain refractory to more conservative therapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, Sacramento 95817, USA.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Macres
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Richeimer
mesh_terms: D000316:Adrenergic alpha-Agonists / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D017668:Age of Onset; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D003000:Clonidine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004916:Erythromelalgia / Q000188:drug therapy*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D004091:Hydromorphone / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D015918:Infusion Pumps, Implantable; D007278:Injections, Spinal
chemical_list: D000316:Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D003000:Clonidine; D004091:Hydromorphone