title: The nonfeminizing enantiomer of 17beta-estradiol exerts protective effects in neuronal cultures and a rat model of cerebral ischemia.
abstract: Estrogens are potent neuroprotective compounds in a variety of animal and cell culture models, and data indicate that estrogen receptor (ER)-mediated gene transcription is not required for some of these effects. To further address the requirement for an ER in estrogen enhancement of neuronal survival, we assessed the enantiomer of 17beta-estradiol (ENT-E(2)), which has identical chemical properties but interacts only weakly with known ERs, for neuroprotective efficacy. ENT-E(2) was both as potent and efficacious as 17beta-estradiol in attenuating oxidative stress-induced death in HT-22 cells, a murine hippocampal cell line. Further, ENT-E(2) completely attenuated H(2)O(2) toxicity in human SK-N-SH neuroblastoma cells at a 10 nM concentration. In a rodent model of focal ischemia, 17beta-estradiol (100 microgram/kg) or ENT-E(2) (100 microgram/kg), injected 2 h before middle cerebral artery occlusion, resulted in a 60 and 61% reduction in lesion volume, respectively. ENT-E(2), at the doses effective in this study, did not stimulate uterine growth or vaginal opening in juvenile female rats when administered daily for 3 days. These data indicate that the neuroprotective effects of estrogens, both in vitro and in vivo, can be disassociated from the peripheral estrogenic actions.
authors.affiliation: Center for the Neurobiology of Aging, Department of Pharmacodynamics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, USA. greenpatties@uams.edu
authors.forename: P S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Green
authors.forename: S H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: K R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Nilsson
authors.forename: A S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.forename: D F
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Covey
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Simpkins
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001667:Binding, Competitive; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004958:Estradiol / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018698:Glutamic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000166:cytology; D006801:Humans; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000633:toxicity; D002546:Ischemic Attack, Transient / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D009447:Neuroblastoma; D009474:Neurons / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D011869:Radioligand Assay; D051381:Rats; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen / Q000378:metabolism; D013237:Stereoisomerism; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen; D018698:Glutamic Acid; D004958:Estradiol; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide