title: The use of smaller, more flexible chest drains following open heart surgery : an initial evaluation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the safety and efficacy of smaller-caliber drains in patients undergoing open heart surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective analysis of the medical records and chest radiographs assembled data on total amount of drainage, number of days of drainage, length of postoperative stay, appearance of postoperative chest radiographs, and need for further drainage from either the pleural or pericardial spaces.
  
  
  METHODS
  A large university-based teaching hospital, where > 800 open-heart procedures are performed yearly.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 202 patients underwent standard open heart surgery by one surgeon, and postoperative pleural and pericardial decompression was undertaken using small caliber, more flexible drains connected to bulb suction.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Tubes were left in an average of 2.4 days, with a mean of 826.7 mL collected during that time. The average postoperative length of stay was 6.7 days (median, 5 days). At or before 6-week follow-up, chest radiographs revealed moderate or large effusions in 19 patients (9.4%) in a pleural space that had been drained postoperatively. Twelve patients (5.9%) required an additional postoperative procedure for pleural drainage (eight thoracenteses, four tube thoracostomies). Four patients (2.0%) required reexploration of the pericardium for tamponade.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Use of smaller-caliber drains have been found at our institution to be an adequate means of decompression of the pleural and pericardial spaces following open heart surgery, with patients rarely having clinically significant pleural effusions at 6-week follow-up.
authors.affiliation: Division of Thoracic and Cardiac Surgery, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA. lanceyr@ummhc.org
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Lancey
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gaca
authors.forename: T J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Vander Salm
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002305:Cardiac Tamponade / Q000601:surgery; D015505:Chest Tubes; D001026:Coronary Artery Bypass; D004867:Equipment Design; D004869:Equipment Safety; D005260:Female; D006344:Heart Septal Defects, Atrial / Q000601:surgery*; D019918:Heart Valve Prosthesis Implantation; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011182:Postoperative Care; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000601:surgery; D012086:Reoperation; D013396:Suction / Q000295:instrumentation*