title: Neonatal outcome of infants born at 23 weeks' gestation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the neonatal outcome in accurately dated 23-week deliveries.
  
  
  METHODS
  We reviewed the records of consecutive births between 23 0/7 and 23 6/7 weeks at Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, from January 1995 to December 1999. Women were excluded if they presented for elective termination or had known fetal death or poor dating criteria. Neonatal records were abstracted for mortality and short-term morbidity, including the respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), intraventricular hemorrhage, chronic lung disease, necrotizing enterocolitis, periventricular leukomalacia, and retinopathy of prematurity. Survival was defined as discharge from neonatal intensive care.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirty-three singleton pregnancies met criteria for inclusion, 11 of whom survived to discharge (survival rate 0.33; 95% CI 0.18, 0.52). More advanced gestational age was associated with increased likelihood of survival: 0 of 12 at 23 0/7 to 23 2/7 weeks, 4 of 10 at 23 3/7 to 23 4/7 weeks, and 7 of 11 at 23 5/7 to 23 6/7 weeks (P =.02). All 11 survivors developed RDS and chronic lung disease. One of 11 survivors had necrotizing enterocolitis, and 2 of 11 had severe retinopathy of prematurity. One survivor had periventricular leukomalacia on head ultrasonography, compared with 7 of the nonsurvivors who had head ultrasonography (P =.03). One survivor developed severe intraventricular hemorrhage (grade 3 or 4) compared with 8 of the 12 at-risk nonsurvivors who had head ultrasonography (P =.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  About one third of infants delivered at 23 weeks' gestation survived to be discharged from neonatal intensive care. More advanced gestational age was associated with increased likelihood of survival. No neonates survived free of substantial morbidity.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. tmcelrath@partners.org
authors.forename: T F
authors.initials: TF
authors.lastname: McElrath
authors.forename: J N
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Robinson
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Ecker
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Ringer
authors.forename: E R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Norwitz
mesh_terms: D020345:Enterocolitis, Necrotizing; D005260:Female; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature; D007235:Infant, Premature, Diseases / Q000401:mortality; D009017:Morbidity; D011247:Pregnancy; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012178:Retinopathy of Prematurity; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016019:Survival Analysis