title: Genetic changes in contralateral bronchioloalveolar carcinomas of the lung.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The pattern of metastases and recurrence of bronchioloalveolar carcinoma (BAC) differs from adenocarcinoma of the lung, occurring more frequently within the lung without extrapulmonary involvement. Analyses of genetic differences of contralateral BACs may help to explain these clinical differences.
  
  
  METHODS
  We compared paired tumors from 5 patients with contralateral metachronous BACs for loss of heterozygosity (LOH) on 6 chromosomal arms (2q, 3p, 5q, 9p, 13q and 17p) and mutational analysis of p53 and K-ras.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Two patients, patients 1 and 2, had discordant patterns of LOH on 2 and 3 of the chromosome arms, respectively. In addition, patient 2 had a detectable K-ras mutation in his initial tumor but not in his second. These results suggest that in patients 1 and 2, the contralateral tumors were clonally unrelated. Patient 3 had no mutations in the K-ras or p53 gene and no LOH on any of the 5 informative chromosome arms. Patient 4 had LOH of 9p and mutated K-ras in both the first and the second tumor, with a mutation in the p53 gene in the first but not in the second tumor. Patient 5 had LOH of 17p and the same p53 mutations in both the first and the second tumor, with a mutation of K-ras in the first tumor but not in the second.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The preponderance of evidence suggests that in patients 3, 4 and 5, the paired tumors were clonally related. The different patterns of LOH and mutations in clinically similar contralateral metachronous BACs provide evidence of genetic heterogeneity in the tumors of this patient group.
authors.affiliation: Medicine Branch, Division of Clinical Sciences, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Md., USA.
authors.forename: S W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.forename: O S
authors.initials: OS
authors.lastname: Breathnach
authors.forename: R I
authors.initials: RI
authors.lastname: Linnoila
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Gillespie
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Kelley
authors.forename: B E
authors.initials: BE
authors.lastname: Johnson
mesh_terms: D002282:Adenocarcinoma, Bronchiolo-Alveolar / Q000235:genetics* / Q000601:surgery; D002999:Clone Cells; D004252:DNA Mutational Analysis; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm / Q000032:analysis; D016158:Genes, p53 / Q000235:genetics*; D011905:Genes, ras / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D019656:Loss of Heterozygosity; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000601:surgery; D016609:Neoplasms, Second Primary / Q000235:genetics* / Q000601:surgery; D011013:Pneumonectomy; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction
chemical_list: D004273:DNA, Neoplasm