title: Suicidal ideation in major depression: sex differences and impact of comorbid anxiety.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Being female and having comorbid anxiety are both thought to increase suicidality in patients with major depression. Whether these effects are independent or related to severity of depression is not known.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a retrospective review of 533 patients (190 men, 343 women) with major depression at the time of assessment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Suicidal ideation was present in 57.8% of all patients, and 43.2% of all patients had a lifetime anxiety disorder. Significantly more women than men experienced suicidal ideation, and both men and women with a lifetime anxiety disorder were more likely to be suicidal. Age and severity of depression did not account for these results.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In patients with a current major depression, being female and having a lifetime anxiety disorder increase suicidality independently of one another and independently of severity of depression.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Schaffer
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Levitt
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Bagby
authors.forename: S H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Kennedy
authors.forename: R D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Levitan
authors.forename: R T
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Joffe
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001008:Anxiety Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology*; D015897:Comorbidity; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D013405:Suicide / Q000523:psychology*; D000092864:Suicide Prevention