title: HIV type 1 nef gene inhibits tumor necrosis factor alpha-induced apoptosis and promotes cell proliferation through the action of MAPK and JNK in human glial cells.
abstract: In neurodegenerative diseases associated with AIDS, reactive astrocytosis plays a central role in the neurotoxicity of the brain parenchyma. Whereas the HIV-1 nef gene is overexpressed during restricted HIV-1 infection of human astrocytes, our previous results have demonstrated that nef expressed in human U251MG glial cells activates the sphingomyelin pathway triggered by TNF-alpha, increasing ceramide production. Since ceramide is an important regulatory molecule of programmed cell death induced by TNF-alpha, we examined whether nef could alter TNF-alpha-induced apoptosis in the U251MG human astrocytoma cell line. Transfection studies indicated that nef could both prevent apoptosis and promote cell proliferation in response to TNF-alpha stimulation. MAPK and JNK activities were further analyzed in order to elucidate signaling cascades subsequent to the upregulation of ceramide production. After TNF-alpha treatment, both kinases were shown to be preferentially activated in the presence of nef. These experiments strongly suggest that the HIV-1 Nef protein might modulate the sensitivity of astrocytes to inflammatory molecules, thus contributing to the development of neurodegenerative diseases associated with AIDS.
authors.affiliation: Centre de Recherche en Infectiologie du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Pavillon CHUL, Québec, Canada G1V 4G2.
authors.forename: G A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Robichaud
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Poulin
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis; D001253:Astrocytes / Q000166:cytology* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000821:virology; D002455:Cell Division; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D015693:Gene Products, nef / Q000378:metabolism; D015754:Genes, nef; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D048031:JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D014162:Transfection; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000494:pharmacology*; D054311:nef Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus
chemical_list: D015693:Gene Products, nef; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D054311:nef Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus; D048031:JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases