title: Characterization of acute inhibition of Na/H exchanger NHE-3 by dopamine in opossum kidney cells.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Dopamine (DA) is a principal natriuretic hormone that defends extracellular fluid volume from a Na load. Natriuresis is effected partly through inhibiting the proximal tubule Na/H exchanger NHE-3. Changes in NHE-3 phosphorylation is one mechanism by which NHE-3 activity is regulated.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used opossum kidney (OK) cells to characterize the differential and synergistic effects of DA receptor subtype-1 (DA1) and -2 (DA2) agonists and the effect of blockade of protein kinase A (PKA) or protein kinase C (PKC) on NHE-3 activity and phosphorylation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  DA and DA1 agonists inhibited NHE-3 activity, and DA1 antagonist blocked the effect of either DA or DA1 agonist. DA2 agonist alone had no effect, but DA2 antagonist reduced the DA effect on NHE-3 activity. DA1 and DA2 agonists together were more potent than DA1 alone. PKA inhibition eliminated the effect of DA1 agonist and partially blocked the effect of DA on NHE-3 activity. PKC inhibition did not block the DA effect. DA1 agonist and PKA activation phosphorylated NHE-3 on identical sites. Despite lack of effect on NHE-3 activity, DA2 agonists increased NHE-3 phosphorylation. DA-induced NHE-3 phosphorylation was distinct from DA1 and PKA but closely resembled DA2.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We postulate the following: (1) DA modifies NHE-3 phosphorylation by activating PKA through DA1 and by other kinases/phosphatases via DA2. (2) DA1 is sufficient to inhibit NHE-3, while DA2 is insufficient but plays a synergistic role by altering NHE-3 phosphorylation.
authors.affiliation: Medical Service, Department of Veteran Affairs Medical Center and Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75235-8856, USA.
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Wiederkehr
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Di Sole
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Collazo
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Quiñones
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Murer
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Helmle-Kolb
authors.forename: O W
authors.initials: OW
authors.lastname: Moe
mesh_terms: D015647:2,3,4,5-Tetrahydro-7,8-dihydroxy-1-phenyl-1H-3-benzazepine / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D001971:Bromocriptine / Q000494:pharmacology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D000242:Cyclic AMP / Q000494:pharmacology; D017868:Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D004298:Dopamine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018491:Dopamine Agonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D007668:Kidney / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D009893:Opossums; D010766:Phosphorylation; D011493:Protein Kinase C / Q000378:metabolism; D017447:Receptors, Dopamine D1 / Q000819:agonists / Q000378:metabolism; D017448:Receptors, Dopamine D2 / Q000819:agonists / Q000378:metabolism; D000074083:Sodium-Hydrogen Exchanger 3; D017923:Sodium-Hydrogen Exchangers / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D018491:Dopamine Agonists; D017447:Receptors, Dopamine D1; D017448:Receptors, Dopamine D2; D000074083:Sodium-Hydrogen Exchanger 3; D017923:Sodium-Hydrogen Exchangers; D001971:Bromocriptine; D015647:2,3,4,5-Tetrahydro-7,8-dihydroxy-1-phenyl-1H-3-benzazepine; D000242:Cyclic AMP; D017868:Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases; D011493:Protein Kinase C; D004298:Dopamine