title: [Virtual bronchoscopy in the child using multi-slice CT: initial clinical experiences].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Virtual bronchoscopy of the pediatric patient has been reported to be more difficult because of artifacts due to breathing or motion. We demonstrate the benefit of the accelerated examination based on multislice spiral CT (MSCT) in the pediatric patient which has not been reported so far.
  
  
  METHODS
  MSCT (tube voltage 120 kV, tube current 110 mA, 4 x 1 mm Slice thickness, 500 ms rotation time, Pitch 6) was performed on a CT scanner of the latest generation (Volume Zoom, Siemens Corp. Forchheim, Germany). In totally we examined 11 patients (median age 48 months, range 2-122 months) suspected of having tracheoesophageal fistula (n = 2), tracheobronchial narrowing (n = 8) due to intrinsic or extrinsic factors or injury of the bronchial system (n = 1).
  
  
  RESULTS
  In all patients we obtained sufficient data for 3D reconstruction avoiding general anesthesia. 6/11 examinations were described to be without pathological finding. A definite diagnosis was obtained in 10 patients. Virtual bronchoscopy could avoid other invasive diagnostic examination in 8/11 patients (73%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Helical CT provides 3D-reconstruction and virtual bronchoscopy in the newborn as well as the infant. It avoids additional diagnostic bronchoscopy in a high percentage of all cases.
authors.affiliation: Klinik für Radiologische Diagnostik und Nuklearmedizin, Katholisches Marienhospital Herne, Universitätsklinikum der Ruhr-Universität Bochum.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kirchner
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Laufer
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jendreck
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kickuth
authors.forename: E M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Schilling
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Liermann
mesh_terms: D001999:Bronchoscopy; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D014135:Tracheal Stenosis / Q000175:diagnosis*; D014138:Tracheoesophageal Fistula / Q000175:diagnosis*; D014584:User-Computer Interface