title: Prophylaxis with oral granisetron for the prevention of nausea and vomiting after laparoscopic cholecystectomy: a prospective randomized study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is associated with a relatively high incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting when no prophylactic antiemetic is given. This study assesses the efficacy and safety of oral granisetron hydrochloride for the prevention of nausea and vomiting after laparoscopic cholecystectomy.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.
  
  
  METHODS
  University teaching hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study comprised 120 patients, 92 women and 28 men, undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients received orally either placebo or granisetron at 3 different doses (1 mg, 2 mg, and 4 mg; n = 30 of each) 60 minutes before surgery. A standard general anesthetic technique and postoperative analgesia were used.
  
  
  METHODS
  Emetic episodes were recorded during the first 24 hours after anesthesia.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The incidence of patients who were emesis-free 24 hours after anesthesia was 60% with 1 mg of granisetron (P =.40), 83% with 2 mg of granisetron (P =.01), and 83% with 4 mg of granisetron (P =.01), compared with placebo (53%). No clinically important adverse effects were observed in any of the groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Preoperative oral granisetron in doses higher than 2 mg is effective for the prevention of nausea and vomiting after laparoscopic cholecystectomy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, University of Tsukuba Institute of Clinical Medicine, 2-1-1 Amakubo, Tsukuba City, Ibaraki 305, Japan.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fujii
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kawasaki
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000768:Anesthesia, General; D000932:Antiemetics / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017081:Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D017829:Granisetron / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020250:Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011446:Prospective Studies
chemical_list: D000932:Antiemetics; D017829:Granisetron