title: Antisense treatment directed against mutated Ki-ras in human colorectal adenocarcinoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Kirsten ras (Ki-ras) mutations are common in gastrointestinal cancer and one codon 12 mutation, glycine to valine, is particularly aggressive in colorectal cancer.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate if this valine point mutation could be targeted with antisense oligonucleotides and to determine the efficacy of any antisense/mRNA interaction.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty nine antisense oligonucleotides were screened against target and control Ki-ras RNA in a cell free system and against target and control cell lines in culture.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The activity and specificity of the oligonucleotides varied. Results for the individual oligonucleotides were consistent in a cell free model and in cell culture using two different uptake promoters. Only one oligonucleotide was specific in its cleavage of target Ki-ras mRNA in the cell free system and appeared specific in cell culture, although changes in Ki-ras mRNA and protein expression following a single treatment could not be detected. Experiments in the cell free system showed that the point mutation is relatively inaccessible to oligonucleotides. Other sites on the Ki-ras RNA molecule, away from the point mutation, can be targeted more effectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Successful targeting of the clinically relevant Ki-ras point mutation with antisense oligonucleotides is difficult because of RNA structure at the mutated site and is inefficient compared with other sites on the Ki-ras mRNA.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Royal Marsden Hospital, London, UK.
authors.forename: H J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Andreyev
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Ross
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Cunningham
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Clarke
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000235:genetics / Q000628:therapy*; D002470:Cell Survival; D002474:Cell-Free System; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000628:therapy*; D011905:Genes, ras / Q000235:genetics*; D015316:Genetic Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D016376:Oligonucleotides, Antisense / Q000235:genetics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017354:Point Mutation / Q000235:genetics*; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D013873:Thionucleotides / Q000235:genetics; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D016376:Oligonucleotides, Antisense; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D013873:Thionucleotides