title: Evidence for joint genetic control of insulin sensitivity and systolic blood pressure in hispanic families with a hypertensive proband.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The clustering of hypertension, insulin resistance, and obesity remains unexplained. We tested for genetic and nongenetic influences on the association among these traits in Hispanic families with hypertension.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Blood pressure and body mass index (BMI) were measured in 331 members of 73 Hispanic families in which an index case (proband) had hypertension. Insulin sensitivity (S(I)) was measured by euglycemic clamp in 287 probands and their spouses (parents' generation) or their adult offspring. Correlation analysis examined relationships among traits within and between generations. Path analysis estimated genetic and nongenetic contributions to variability in systolic blood pressure (SBP), S(I), and the correlation between them. In the offspring, there was a significant correlation between individuals for each trait, as well as significant correlations within and between individuals for all possible pairs of traits. Between generations, SBP, S(I), and BMI in parents correlated with the same traits in their offspring; BMI in parents correlated with S(I) and SBP in offspring; and S(I) in parents correlated with SBP in offspring. Path analysis estimated that among offspring, genetic effects unrelated to BMI accounted for 60.8% of the variation in SBP, 36.8% of the variation in S(I), and 31.5% of the correlation between SBP and S(I) after adjustment for age and sex. Heritable effects related to BMI accounted for an additional 14.0% of variation in SBP, 26.8% of variation in S(I), and 56.3% of variation in their correlation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Clustering of hypertension and insulin resistance in Hispanic Americans is accounted for in part by heritable factors both associated with and independent of BMI.
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
authors.forename: A H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Xiang
authors.forename: S P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Azen
authors.forename: L J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Raffel
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.forename: L S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Diaz
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Toscano
authors.forename: P C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Henderson
authors.forename: H N
authors.initials: HN
authors.lastname: Hodis
authors.forename: W A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Hsueh
authors.forename: J I
authors.initials: JI
authors.lastname: Rotter
authors.forename: T A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Buchanan
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000235:genetics*; D015992:Body Mass Index; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D008040:Genetic Linkage; D015309:Glucose Clamp Technique; D006630:Hispanic or Latino / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D006946:Hyperinsulinism / Q000235:genetics; D006973:Hypertension / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics*; D007333:Insulin Resistance / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000235:genetics; D010375:Pedigree; D010641:Phenotype; D017678:Sex Distribution; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology