Identification of Lilial as a fragrance sensitizer in a perfume by bioassay-guided chemical fractionation and structure-activity relationships.
Fragrance materials are among the most common causes of allergic contact dermatitis. The aim of this study was to identify in a perfume fragrance allergens not included in the fragrance mix, by use of bioassay-guided chemical fractionation and chemical analysis/structure-activity relationships (SARs). The basis for the investigation was a 45-year-old woman allergic to her own perfume. She had a negative patch test to the fragrance mix and agreed to participate in the study. Chemical fractionation of the perfume concentrate was used for repeated patch testing and/or repeated open application test on the pre-sensitized patient. The chemical composition of the fractions giving a positive patch-test response and repeated open application test reactions was obtained by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. From the compounds identified, those that contained a "structural alert" in their chemical structure, indicating an ability to modify skin proteins and thus behave as a skin sensitizer, were tested on the patient. The patient reacted positively to the synthetic fragrance p-t-butyl-alpha-methylhydrocinnamic aldehyde (Lilial), a widely used fragrance compound not present in the fragrance mix. The combination of bioassay-guided chemical fractionation and chemical analysis/structure-activity relationships seems to be a valuable tool for the investigation of contact allergy to fragrance materials.
Arnau
E G
EG
Laboratoire de Dermatochimie, Université Louis Pasteur, Strasbourg, France.
Andersen
K E
KE
Bruze
M
M
Frosch
P J
PJ
Johansen
J D
JD
Menné
T
T
Rastogi
S C
SC
White
I R
IR
Lepoittevin
J P
JP
D000447:Aldehydes / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis*; D000485:Allergens / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis*; D001681:Biological Assay / Q000379:methods; D017449:Dermatitis, Allergic Contact / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D010328:Patch Tests; D010476:Perfume / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000737:chemistry*; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship
D000447:Aldehydes; D000485:Allergens; D010476:Perfume; C038018:lilial