title: Carbonyl reductase.
abstract: Carbonyl reductase (secondary-alcohol:NADP(+) oxidoreductase, EC 1.1. 1.184) belongs to the family of short chain dehydrogenases/reductases (SDR). Carbonyl reductases (CBRs) are NADPH-dependent, mostly monomeric, cytosolic enzymes with broad substrate specificity for many endogenous and xenobiotic carbonyl compounds. They catalyze the reduction of endogenous prostaglandins, steroids, and other aliphatic aldehydes and ketones. They also reduce a wide variety of xenobiotic quinones derived from polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. CBR reduces the anthracycline anticancer drugs, daunorubicin(dn) and doxorubicin (dox) to their C-13 hydroxy metabolites, changing the pharmacological properties of these drugs. Emerging data on CBRs over the last several years is generating new insights on the potential involvement of CBRs in a variety of cellular and molecular reactions associated with drug metabolism, detoxication, drug resistance, mutagenesis, and carcinogenesis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Beckman Research Institute at the City of Hope Medical Center, 1450 E. Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, USA. gforrest@coh.org
authors.forename: G L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Forrest
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Gonzalez
mesh_terms: D000429:Alcohol Oxidoreductases / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D000449:Aldehyde Reductase; D000074408:Aldo-Keto Reductases; D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D002264:Carboxylic Acids / Q000378:metabolism / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D002874:Chromosome Mapping; D002891:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 21; D006801:Humans; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000201:enzymology; D013379:Substrate Specificity; D015262:Xenobiotics / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D002264:Carboxylic Acids; D015262:Xenobiotics; D000429:Alcohol Oxidoreductases; D000074408:Aldo-Keto Reductases; D000449:Aldehyde Reductase