title: Endothelial protective and antishock effects of a selective estrogen receptor modulator in rats.
abstract: This study investigated whether idoxifene, a selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM), exerted protective effects against ischemia-reperfusion-induced shock. Ovariectomized rats were treated with vehicle, idoxifene, or 17beta-estradiol for 4 days. Rats were subjected to splanchnic artery occlusion (SAO) followed by reperfusion (SOA/R). In vehicle-treated rats, SAO/R resulted in hypotension, hemoconcentration, increased plasma tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha levels, intestinal neutrophil accumulation, and endothelial dysfunction. 17beta-Estradiol treatment increased plasma estradiol concentration and reduced SAO/R-induced tissue injury. Idoxifene treatment had no effect on plasma estradiol concentration but reduced SAO/R-induced hemoconcentration (+8.8 +/- 1.3 vs. +14 +/- 1.3% in the vehicle group, P < 0.01), TNF-alpha production (98 +/- 3.2 vs. 214 +/- 13 pg/ml, P < 0.01), and neutrophil accumulation (0.025 +/- 0.005 vs. 0.047 +/- 0.005 U/g protein, P < 0.01). It also improved endothelial function, prolonged survival time (172 +/- 3.5 vs. 147 +/- 8 min, P < 0.01), and increased survival rate (69 vs. 23%, P < 0.01). Moreover, treatment with 17beta-estradiol or idoxifene in vivo reduced TNF-alpha-induced endothelial dysfunction in vitro. Taken together, these results demonstrated that idoxifene exerted estrogen-like, endothelial-protective, and antishock effects in ovariectomized rats, suggesting that SERMs have therapeutic potential in tissue injury resulting from ischemia-reperfusion.
authors.affiliation: Division of Emergency Medicine, Department of Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107, USA. Xin.Ma@mail.tju.edu
authors.forename: X L
authors.initials: XL
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: T A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Christopher
authors.forename: B L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Lopez
authors.forename: E H
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Ohlstein
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yue
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001826:Body Fluids / Q000378:metabolism; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D004958:Estradiol / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology; D004965:Estrogen Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D007082:Ileum / Q000098:blood supply; D007511:Ischemia / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology; D010052:Ovariectomy; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen / Q000378:metabolism*; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism*; D020845:Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators / Q000494:pharmacology; D012769:Shock / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism*; D013152:Splanchnic Circulation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D013629:Tamoxifen / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D014664:Vasodilation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D004965:Estrogen Antagonists; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen; D020845:Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D013629:Tamoxifen; C071362:idoxifene; D004958:Estradiol