title: Cytokine production in a murine model of recurrent herpetic stromal keratitis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the pattern of cytokine production in the cornea and its relationship with viral antigens, in our murine model of recurrent ocular herpes simplex virus (HSV)-1 infection.
  
  
  METHODS
  Six weeks after corneal inoculation with HSV-1, the eyes of latently infected and control mice were UV irradiated and examined for signs of disease and viral reactivation. The eyes of five mice with recurrent stromal disease and two controls were processed for immunohistochemistry on days 4, 7, 10, and 14 after irradiation. Sections were double stained for viral antigens and one of the following cytokines: interleukin (IL)-1ss, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12, and interferon (IFN)-gamma.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fifty percent of mice showed signs of recurrent stromal disease, the severity of which peaked on day 10 after UV irradiation. There was a large cellular infiltrate in the stroma of all the corneas with recurrent disease and the predominant cytokines were IL-1ss, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12, and IFN-gamma, all present in large numbers of cells on the days studied. There were very few cells producing IL-2 and IL-4. Control eyes had no significant cytokine-producing cells in the stroma.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These observations suggest that recurrent herpetic stromal keratitis (HSK) may not be characterized by a classic T-helper (Th)1 or Th2 response. However, the large number of IFN-gamma(+) and IL-12(+) cells and the relative absence of IL-4 favors a Th1 response, and despite the numerous IL-10(+) cells, the overall balance of cytokine production appears to be proinflammatory.
authors.affiliation: Division of Ophthalmology, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Bristol, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: T H
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Stumpf
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Shimeld
authors.forename: D L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Easty
authors.forename: T J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Hill
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000956:Antigens, Viral / Q000378:metabolism; D003319:Corneal Stroma / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology*; D005260:Female; D018259:Herpesvirus 1, Human / Q000276:immunology / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D007378:Interleukins / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D016849:Keratitis, Herpetic / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology; D051379:Mice; D023421:Models, Animal; D012008:Recurrence; D014775:Virus Activation
chemical_list: D000956:Antigens, Viral; D007378:Interleukins; D007371:Interferon-gamma