title: Synergism of tebufenozide in resistant and susceptible strains of obliquebanded leafroller (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) and resistance to new insecticides.
abstract: Cross-resistance of the obliquebanded leafroller, Choristoneura rosaceana (Harris), to tebufenozide was reported from laboratory studies before it had been used in commercial orchards in New York State. Bioassays with obliquebanded leafroller larvae from tebufenozide and organophosphate susceptible and resistant colonies were conducted with chlorfenapyr, emamectin benzoate, fenoxycarb, fipronil, spinosad, and tebufenozide to determine if cross-resistance was present before these new insecticides were introduced into commercial orchards. Resistance ratios ranged from 1.1 to 3.2 for all insecticides except tebufenozide (12.8). Significant differences between susceptible and resistant colonies were found with emamectin benzoate, fenoxycarb, and fipronil. The effect of the metabolic synergists piperonyl butoxide (PBO) and diethyl maleate (DEM) on tebufenozide toxicity was examined to determine mechanisms for obliquebanded leafroller resistance to tebufenozide and potential mechanisms for other new insecticides. At a concentration of 20 ppm, PBO and DEM significantly synergized the toxicity of tebufenozide in resistant and susceptible colonies (three- to fourfold). Obliquebanded leafrollers may be resistant to new insecticides with distinct modes of action even if these compounds have not been previously used in commercial orchards.
authors.affiliation: Department of Entomology, Cornell University, New York State Agricultural Experiment Station, Geneva 14456, USA.
authors.forename: D E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Waldstein
authors.forename: W H
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Reissig
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004357:Drug Synergism; D006834:Hydrazines / Q000008:administration & dosage; D007305:Insecticide Resistance; D007306:Insecticides / Q000008:administration & dosage; D007915:Lepidoptera; D008298:Maleates / Q000008:administration & dosage; D010882:Piperonyl Butoxide / Q000008:administration & dosage
chemical_list: D006834:Hydrazines; D007306:Insecticides; D008298:Maleates; C014476:diethyl maleate; D010882:Piperonyl Butoxide; C082026:tebufenozide