title: The importance of beta blockers in the treatment of heart failure.
abstract: Heart failure, the only cardiovascular disease with an increasing incidence, is associated with significant mortality and poses a considerable economic burden. Traditionally, beta blockers have been considered to be contraindicated in patients with heart failure. Recently, however, several large randomized, controlled mortality trials have been stopped early because of significant improvement in mortality rates in patients with heart failure who were given beta blockers in addition to angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, diuretics and, sometimes, digoxin. Beta blockers should now be considered standard therapy in patients with New York Heart Association class II or class III heart failure who are hemodynamically stable, who do not have dyspnea at rest and who have no other contraindications to the use of these agents.
authors.affiliation: Department of Family Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, USA. wchavey@med.umich.edu
authors.forename: W E
authors.initials: WE
authors.lastname: Chavey
mesh_terms: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017298:Bisoprolol / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002227:Carbazoles / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000077261:Carvedilol; D000075202:Contraindications; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008790:Metoprolol / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018579:Patient Selection; D011412:Propanolamines / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D012720:Severity of Illness Index
chemical_list: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; D002227:Carbazoles; D011412:Propanolamines; D000077261:Carvedilol; C024307:bucindolol; D008790:Metoprolol; D017298:Bisoprolol