title: Regulation of connective tissue growth factor gene expression in retinal vascular endothelial cells by angiogenic growth factors.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) is a novel, cysteine-rich secreted protein, which is implicated in fibrotic disorders and atherosclerosis. To elucidate the role of CTGF in fibrovascular proliferative retinopathy, we investigated the regulation of CTGF gene expression in a cell line of retinal vascular endothelial cells (RVEC) stimulated with fetal calf serum (FCS) and angiogenic growth factors, including vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB), endothelial growth factor (EGF), transforming growth factor-beta 1 and -beta 3 (TGF-beta 1, TGF-beta 3), and insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I).
  
  
  METHODS
  RVEC derived from Macaca mulatta (CRL-1780; ATCC) were stimulated with 10% FCS as well as with VEGF, bFGF, PDGF-BB, TGF-beta 1, TGF-beta 3, EGF, or IGF-I. Time-dependent CTGF gene expression was assessed by northern blot analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  FCS, TGF-beta 1, TGF-beta 3, bFGF, and EGF induced an upregulation of CTGF gene expression in RVEC in a time-dependent manner. Highest expression was induced with TGF-beta 1. No response on CTGF gene expression could be detected to VEGF, PDGF-BB, or IGF-I.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present study demonstrates for the first time that CTGF mRNA is expressed at high levels in RVEC, and that the level of the temporal pattern of its expression is differentially regulated by angiogenic growth factors, indicating a significant role of CTGF in the pathological course of uncontrolled retinal angiogenesis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmopathology, University Eye Clinic, 4012 Basel, Switzerland.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wunderlich
authors.forename: B C
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Senn
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Todesco
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Flammer
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Meyer
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015152:Blotting, Northern; D002461:Cell Line, Transformed; D055513:Connective Tissue Growth Factor; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D005169:Factor VIII / Q000378:metabolism; D019084:Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D006133:Growth Substances / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017874:Immediate-Early Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D008253:Macaca mulatta; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000378:metabolism; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D012171:Retinal Vessels / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D006133:Growth Substances; D017874:Immediate-Early Proteins; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D055513:Connective Tissue Growth Factor; D005169:Factor VIII; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III