title: Principles and controversies in lymphoscintigraphy with emphasis on breast cancer.
abstract: The concept of the sentinel node lay fallow until lymph node mapping was developed. This article provides a brief history of the sentinel lymph node concept, discusses reproducibility, radiopharmaceuticals, equipment, techniques, and radiation safety, and addresses metastasis in breast cancer and controversies in breast lymphoscintigraphy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University of California, San Francisco / Mt. Zion Medical Center, 94115, USA.
authors.forename: E T
authors.initials: ET
authors.lastname: Morita
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: S P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Leong
mesh_terms: D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D015902:Gamma Cameras; D006801:Humans; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D008545:Melanoma / Q000473:pathology; D009367:Neoplasm Staging / Q000379:methods; D011835:Radiation Protection; D011877:Radionuclide Imaging / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods* / Q000639:trends; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012394:Rosaniline Dyes; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D012394:Rosaniline Dyes; C025484:iso-sulfan blue