title: Complex organization of promoter and enhancer elements regulate the tissue- and developmental stage-specific expression of the Drosophila melanogaster Gld gene.
abstract: The Drosophila melanogaster Gld gene has multiple and diverse developmental and physiological functions. We report herein that interactions among proximal promoter elements and a cluster of intronically located enhancers and silencers specify the complex regulation of Gld that underlies its diverse functions. Gld expression in nonreproductive tissues is largely determined by proximal promoter elements with the exception of the embryonic labium where Gld is activated by an enhancer within the first intron. A nuclear protein, GPAL, has been identified that binds the Gpal elements in the proximal promoter region. Regulation of Gld in the reproductive organs is particularly complex, involving interactions among the Gpal proximal promoter elements, a unique TATA box, three distinct enhancer types, and one or more silencer elements. The three somatic reproductive organ enhancers each activate expression in male and female pairs of reproductive organs. One of these pairs, the male ejaculatory duct and female oviduct, are known to be developmentally homologous. We report evidence that the other two pairs of organs are developmentally homologous as well. A comprehensive model to explain the full developmental regulation of Gld and its evolution is presented.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37205, USA.
authors.forename: B L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Keplinger
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Quine
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.forename: D R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Cavener
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000378:metabolism; D004331:Drosophila melanogaster / Q000235:genetics*; D004742:Enhancer Elements, Genetic; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D005260:Female; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D042843:Glucose 1-Dehydrogenase; D005948:Glucose Dehydrogenases / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics*; D007438:Introns; D008297:Male; D008954:Models, Biological; D008957:Models, Genetic; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016296:Mutagenesis; D016297:Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; D010957:Plasmids / Q000378:metabolism; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D011485:Protein Binding; D012737:Sex Factors; D013997:Time Factors; D014018:Tissue Distribution; D001616:beta-Galactosidase / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D005948:Glucose Dehydrogenases; D042843:Glucose 1-Dehydrogenase; D001616:beta-Galactosidase