title: Soluble P-selectin and the risk of future cardiovascular events.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  P-selectin, a cell-surface adhesion molecule involved in leukocyte rolling and attachment, has been hypothesized to play a role in the initiation of atherosclerosis. However, little clinical data are available evaluating the role of soluble P-selectin in determining vascular risk.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In a large-scale prospective study of apparently healthy women, we measured baseline plasma concentration of soluble P-selectin among 115 participants who subsequently developed cardiovascular events and among 230 age- and smoking-matched participants who remained free of disease during 3.5 years of follow-up. Overall, mean levels of soluble P-selectin were significantly higher at baseline among women who subsequently experienced cardiovascular events compared with those who did not (83.2 versus 69.3 ng/mL; P:=0.003). The risk of future cardiovascular events increased with increasing quartiles of soluble P-selectin (P:=0.02), such that women in the highest quartile at study entry had an age- and smoking-matched relative risk 2.2 times higher than those in the lowest quartile (95% confidence interval, 1.2 to 4.2; P:=0.01). This effect was independent of traditional risk factors. For each quartile increase in soluble P-selectin, the risk of future cardiovascular events increased 28% (P:=0.03) after additional adjustment for obesity, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, and exercise frequency. The highest risks were observed among women with the very highest levels of P-selectin (>137.3 ng/mL, the 95th percentile cut point of the control distribution).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Soluble P-selectin levels are elevated among apparently healthy women at risk for future vascular events.
authors.affiliation: Center for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention, Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA. pridker@partners.org
authors.forename: P M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Ridker
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Buring
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Rifai
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000097:blood* / Q000209:etiology; D048909:Diabetes Complications; D015444:Exercise; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D006949:Hyperlipidemias / Q000150:complications; D006973:Hypertension / Q000150:complications; D008875:Middle Aged; D019007:P-Selectin / Q000097:blood*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects; D013223:Statistics as Topic
chemical_list: D019007:P-Selectin