title: Phytoestrogens attenuate oxidative DNA damage in vascular smooth muscle cells from stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A recent study demonstrated that reactive oxygen species (ROS) were involved in the maintenance of hypertension in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRSP). However, the role of oxidative stress in hypertension and its related diseases in SHRSP remains unknown. To determine whether phytoestrogens attenuate oxidative DNA damage in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) from SHRSP and Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats, we investigated the effect of daidzein, genistein and resveratrol on oxidative DNA damage in VSMC, induced by advanced glycation end-products (AGEs).
  
  
  METHODS
  VSMC were treated with AGEs in the presence or absence of phytoestrogens for the indicated time. Cellular degeneration induced by AGEs was characterized in terms of intracellular oxidant levels, intracellular total glutathione (GSH) levels, mRNA expression for gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (GCS), and a new marker of oxidative stress, 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) contents.
  
  
  RESULTS
  AGEs stimulated 8-OHdG formation in VSMC in a time- and dose-dependent manner. We also confirmed that VSMC from SHRSP were more vulnerable to oxidative stress induced by AGEs, than VSMC from WKY rats. Daidzein, genistein or resveratrol reduced AGEs-induced 8-OHdG formation in a dose-dependent manner. The preventive effects of phytoestrogens on 8-OHdG formation remarkably paralleled changes in the intracellular oxidant levels in VSMC following AGEs treatment. We further demonstrated that phytoestrogens increase intracellular total GSH level in VSMC. Increased GSH synthesis was due to enhanced expression of the rate-limiting enzyme for GSH synthesis, GCS. Phytoestrogens-stimulated total GSH level in VSMC could lead to decreased intracellular oxidant levels, and thus prevent oxidative DNA damage, induced by AGEs. The phytoestrogens are powerful antioxidants able to interfere with AGEs-mediated oxidative DNA damage of VSMC, and are potentially useful against vascular diseases where ROS are involved in hypertension.
authors.affiliation: Life Science, Environmental Conservation and Development, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Japan. mizutani@fischer.jinkan.kyoto-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mizutani
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ikeda
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nishikata
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yamori
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004249:DNA Damage; D017931:DNA Primers / Q000235:genetics; D004968:Estrogens, Non-Steroidal / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019833:Genistein / Q000494:pharmacology; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D017127:Glycation End Products, Advanced / Q000633:toxicity; D006973:Hypertension / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism*; D007529:Isoflavones / Q000494:pharmacology; D009131:Muscle, Smooth, Vascular / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D048789:Phytoestrogens; D028321:Plant Preparations; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D011918:Rats, Inbred SHR; D011921:Rats, Inbred WKY; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D000077185:Resveratrol; D013267:Stilbenes / Q000494:pharmacology; D020521:Stroke / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D017931:DNA Primers; D004968:Estrogens, Non-Steroidal; D017127:Glycation End Products, Advanced; D007529:Isoflavones; D048789:Phytoestrogens; D028321:Plant Preparations; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D013267:Stilbenes; C004742:daidzein; D019833:Genistein; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase; D005978:Glutathione; D000077185:Resveratrol