title: Toxicity of anti-rheumatic drugs in a randomized clinical trial of early rheumatoid arthritis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the toxicity of slow-acting anti-rheumatic drugs (SAARDs) and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in early rheumatoid arthritis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients were randomized to receive a SAARD-hydroxychloroquine (HCQ; n=120), i.m. gold (n=114) or methotrexate (MTX; n=118)-or a NSAID only (n=67). Patients in the three SAARD groups were allowed to take NSAIDs. Follow-up included 545 patient-years (p-yr). Adverse effects were attributed to specific medications using the Naranjo scoring method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fifty-five per cent of the patients suffered from adverse effect(s). Adverse effects were most common during i.m. gold therapy (87 per 100 p-yr), which led to permanent discontinuation of this treatment in 31 cases. The incidences of adverse effects that were probably attributable to NSAIDs in patients treated simultaneously with a SAARD were similar for the three SAARD groups. The mean period until the first adverse effect was longer in the MTX group (39 weeks) than in the HCQ group (27 weeks). Baseline clinical and sociodemographic parameters were not predictive of the occurrence of adverse effects.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  No adverse effect could be classified as definitely related to either SAARDs or NSAIDs by the Naranjo scoring method. The incidence of possible adverse effects of NSAIDs and SAARDs was 72 per 100 p-yr, and adverse effects led to permanent discontinuation of the therapy in 56 cases (13%) (31 patients receiving i.m. gold, 12 receiving MTX, 10 receiving HCQ and three receiving NSAID only).
authors.affiliation: Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center, PO Box 85500, 3508 GA Utrecht, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: C H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: van Jaarsveld
authors.forename: Z N
authors.initials: ZN
authors.lastname: Jahangier
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Jacobs
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Blaauw
authors.forename: G A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: van Albada-Kuipers
authors.forename: E J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: ter Borg
authors.forename: H L
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Brus
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Schenk
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: van Der Veen
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Bijlsma
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018501:Antirheumatic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006886:Hydroxychloroquine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007273:Injections, Intramuscular; D008297:Male; D008727:Methotrexate / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008875:Middle Aged; D050607:Organogold Compounds; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D018501:Antirheumatic Agents; D050607:Organogold Compounds; D006886:Hydroxychloroquine; D008727:Methotrexate