title: Prolonged mild hypothermia therapy protects the brain against permanent focal ischemia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The efficacy of hypothermic intervention for permanent focal ischemia has yet to be clarified. This study investigated the effect of a prolonged moderate or mild hypothermia on permanent focal ischemia in rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two permanent focal ischemia models in male Sprague-Dawley rats were used. Moderate (30 degrees C, in experiment 1) or mild (33 degrees C, in experiment 2) hypothermia was achieved at the time of the induction of focal ischemia and was maintained for 2 hours under general anesthesia. Thereafter, the hypothermic condition was maintained by means of a cold room for a total of 24 hours. The infarct volume and neurological function were analyzed for a maximum of 21 days and compared with that of the normothermia group. Regional cerebral blood flow was monitored for 6 hours in the ischemic core and penumbra region.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In experiment 1, the total infarct volume in the normothermic group was 368+/-59 mm(3); in contrast, it was significantly smaller in the hypothermia group: 169+/-33 mm(3) at 48 hours (mean+/-SEM, P:<0.05). In experiment 2, the infarct volume was 211+/-19 mm(3) in the normothermia group and 88+/-15 mm(3) in the hypothermia group at 21 days (P:<0.05). There were significant differences in neurological function from days 2 through 21 between the two groups. Mean regional cerebral blood flow in the penumbra region increased to a level >50% of baseline.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Prolonged mild hypothermia suppressed the development of cerebral infarct and neurological deficit chronically after the induction of permanent focal ischemia.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Cerebrovascular Disorders, Department of Cerebrovascular Surgery, Hospital of National Cardio-Vascular Center, Osaka, Japan. yanamoto@ri.ncvc.go.jp
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yanamoto
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Nagata
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Niitsu
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Xue
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sakai
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kikuchi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity; D001831:Body Temperature; D001921:Brain / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000473:pathology; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000150:complications / Q000517:prevention & control*; D002339:Carotid Arteries / Q000502:physiology / Q000601:surgery; D002544:Cerebral Infarction / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D002560:Cerebrovascular Circulation; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005911:Gliosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology; D007036:Hypothermia, Induced / Q000379:methods*; D020244:Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery / Q000150:complications; D017078:Laser-Doppler Flowmetry; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013997:Time Factors