title: A method for radioprobing DNA structures using Auger electrons.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To present a new method for radioprobing a DNA triple helix structure by Auger electrons emitted in the decay of 125I using theoretical/computational approaches.
  
  
  METHODS
  A Monte Carlo track structure method was used to simulate the damage to a triplex resulting from Auger electrons emitted in the decay of an incorporated 125I atom in plasmid DNA. Comparison of the theoretical frequency distributions of single-strand breaks induced on the Pu and Py strands with the experimental data and a knowledge of the distances from the strand breaks to the iodine provide information on the structures otherwise difficult to obtain with X-ray crystallography.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In comparing theoretical frequency distributions of single-strand breaks with the experimental data it is found that the results are very sensitive to the conformation of the triplex model used. It is found that the best fit to the experimental data results from using a hybrid triplex model, in which the base-step geometry is A-like, while the sugar puckers adopt the B-like C2'-endo conformation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The approach and technique presented here represent a valuable new addition to the methods available for DNA structure determination since they provide information on medium-range structure otherwize difficult to obtain in the absence of X-ray crystallography. It is concluded that currently accepted models for triplex structure are not optimal, and a modified structure is proposed that fits the radioprobing results better, while maintaining agreement with the fibre diffraction and NMR data. Although the method has proved to be very useful for scoring alternative trial solutions, further studies combining experimental data from multiple iodine positions with track structure modelling are required for directing structural optimization.
authors.affiliation: MRC Radiation and Genome Stability Unit, Harwell, UK. h.nikjoo@har.mrc.ac.uk
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nikjoo
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Laughton
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Terrissol
authors.forename: I G
authors.initials: IG
authors.lastname: Panyutin
authors.forename: D T
authors.initials: DT
authors.lastname: Goodhead
mesh_terms: D001483:Base Sequence; D001671:Biochemistry / Q000379:methods*; D002623:Chemistry Techniques, Analytical / Q000379:methods*; D003198:Computer Simulation; D004247:DNA / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D004249:DNA Damage / Q000528:radiation effects; D004583:Electrons; D004586:Electrophoresis; D015754:Genes, nef / Q000235:genetics; D007457:Iodine Radioisotopes; D008958:Models, Molecular; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009010:Monte Carlo Method; D009690:Nucleic Acid Conformation; D010957:Plasmids / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D007457:Iodine Radioisotopes; D004247:DNA