title: FRAP reveals that mobility of oestrogen receptor-alpha is ligand- and proteasome-dependent.
abstract: Here we report the use of fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) to examine the intranuclear dynamics of fluorescent oestrogen receptor-alpha (ER). After bleaching, unliganded ER exhibits high mobility (recovery t1/2 < 1 s). Agonist (oestradiol; E2) or partial antagonist (4-hydroxytamoxifen) slows ER recovery (t1/2 approximately 5-6 s), whereas the pure antagonist (ICI 182,780) and, surprisingly, proteasome inhibitors each immobilize ER to the nuclear matrix. Dual FRAP experiments show that fluorescent ER and SRC-1 exhibit similar dynamics only in the presence of E2. In contrast to reports that several nuclear proteins show uniform dynamics, ER exhibits differential mobility depending upon several factors that are linked to its transcription function.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.
authors.forename: D L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Stenoien
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.forename: M G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Mancini
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dutertre
authors.forename: C L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: B W
authors.initials: BW
authors.lastname: O'Malley
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Mancini
mesh_terms: D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D001692:Biological Transport / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics*; D003546:Cysteine Endopeptidases / Q000378:metabolism*; D015853:Cysteine Proteinase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D003609:Dactinomycin / Q000494:pharmacology; D004958:Estradiol / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004965:Estrogen Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology*; D047628:Estrogen Receptor alpha; D000077267:Fulvestrant; D006367:HeLa Cells; D051548:Histone Acetyltransferases; D006801:Humans; D007976:Leupeptins / Q000494:pharmacology; D008024:Ligands; D008164:Luminescent Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence / Q000379:methods; D009097:Multienzyme Complexes / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D015530:Nuclear Matrix / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D056920:Nuclear Receptor Coactivator 1; D046988:Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D013629:Tamoxifen / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D014158:Transcription, Genetic / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D015853:Cysteine Proteinase Inhibitors; D004965:Estrogen Antagonists; D047628:Estrogen Receptor alpha; D007976:Leupeptins; D008024:Ligands; D008164:Luminescent Proteins; D009097:Multienzyme Complexes; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen; D014157:Transcription Factors; C054562:yellow fluorescent protein, Bacteria; D013629:Tamoxifen; C016601:afimoxifene; D003609:Dactinomycin; D000077267:Fulvestrant; D004958:Estradiol; D051548:Histone Acetyltransferases; C538859:NCOA1 protein, human; D056920:Nuclear Receptor Coactivator 1; D003546:Cysteine Endopeptidases; D046988:Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex; C072553:benzyloxycarbonylleucyl-leucyl-leucine aldehyde