title: Hydrogen peroxide increases extracellular matrix mRNA through TGF-beta in human mesangial cells.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are excessively produced in pathologic states, including many renal diseases. Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) may mediate renal fibrotic injury, and ROS may act through the TGF-beta pathway to exert a profibrotic effect.
  
  
  METHODS
  The expression of TGF-beta1 and extracellular matrix (ECM) components were assessed in cultured human mesangial cells (HMCs) incubated with glucose oxidase (GO), an enzyme that continuously generates hydrogen peroxide from glucose. A neutralizing anti-TGF-beta antibody was added to test the hypothesis that hydrogen peroxide acts through activation of the TGF-beta pathway to stimulate ECM expression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Northern blot analysis revealed significantly increased steady-state levels of TGF-beta1 and ECM proteins (collagen types I, III, and IV, and fibronectin) by approximately twofold. While no significant effect on mRNA stability after treatment with GO was observed, other studies employing promoter-reporter assays, competitive-quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, mink lung epithelial cell proliferation assay, and TGF-beta1 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay all demonstrated significant stimulation by GO (>1.5-fold) of TGF-beta1 promoter activity, mRNA level, bioactivity, and protein production, respectively. Catalase pretreatment prevented the GO-induced stimulation of TGF-beta1 mRNA. When incubations were performed with a panselective neutralizing anti-TGF-beta antibody, the GO-stimulated expression of ECM molecules was prevented.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  GO-induced hydrogen peroxide production induces TGF-beta1 synthesis and thereby increases ECM gene expression in cultured HMCs. These cellular responses may underlie the development and progression of renal diseases characterized by oxidative stress.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Physiology and Medicine, Alcalá University, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Iglesias-De La Cruz
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ruiz-Torres
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Alcamí
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Díez-Marqués
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ortega-Velázquez
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rodríguez-Puyol
authors.forename: F N
authors.initials: FN
authors.lastname: Ziyadeh
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Rodríguez-Puyol
mesh_terms: D002374:Catalase / Q000494:pharmacology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D016326:Extracellular Matrix Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D005920:Glomerular Mesangium / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D005949:Glucose Oxidase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000378:metabolism*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism*; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D016326:Extracellular Matrix Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D005949:Glucose Oxidase; D002374:Catalase