title: Novel mechanism of blocking axonal Na(+) channels by three macrocyclic polyamine analogues and two spider toxins.
abstract: 1. The mechanism of Na(+) channel block by three macrocyclic polyamine derivatives and two spider toxins was studied with voltage clamp and internal perfusion method in squid axons. 2. All these chemicals specifically block Na(+) channels in the open state only from the internal surface, and do not affect K(+) channels. 3. The blocking effect is enhanced as the depolarizing pulse becomes larger. Blocked channels are unable to shift to the inactivated state. 4. In the case of cyclam and guanidyl-side armed cyclam (G-cyclam), quick release of these chemicals from the binding sites is proven by the increase in the tail current and prolongation of the time course of the off gating current. On the other hand, in the presence of N-4 and the spider toxins, their detachment was delayed significantly. 5. Molecular requirements for the block of Na(+) channels by these molecules are the presence of positive charge and hydrophobicity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yakehiro
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Furukawa
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Koike
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kimura
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakajima
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yamaoka
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Seyama
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D000818:Animals; D001369:Axons / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D049832:Decapodiformes; D006571:Heterocyclic Compounds / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D015640:Ion Channel Gating; D007700:Kinetics; D008564:Membrane Potentials / Q000187:drug effects; D018408:Patch-Clamp Techniques; D011073:Polyamines / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D026941:Sodium Channel Blockers; D013111:Spider Venoms / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D006571:Heterocyclic Compounds; C426070:JSTX-3; C426071:NSTX-3; D011073:Polyamines; D026941:Sodium Channel Blockers; D013111:Spider Venoms; C024560:cyclam