title: Placebo control study of acute smokeless tobacco abstinence in young adult men.
abstract: Tobacco use can lead to dependence, as indicated by withdrawal symptomatology during abstinence. In smokers, nicotine-free cigarettes suppress tobacco withdrawal, suggesting that non-nicotine stimuli may be relevant to tobacco dependence. This study examined non-nicotine factors in smokeless tobacco (SLT) withdrawal. SLT users used their own brand of SLT, nicotine-free SLT, or no SLT hourly in 3 approximately 4.5-hr sessions. Participant-rated measures of craving and desire to use SLT were elevated in the abstinence condition relative to the own-brand and nicotine-free conditions. Heart rate was significantly elevated in sessions in which participants' own brand was administered relative to the nicotine-free and abstinence conditions. These results support the notion that stimuli associated with tobacco use may have some withdrawal suppressing qualities, at least in the short term.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology and Philosophy, Virginia Military Institute, USA.
authors.forename: J T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Gire
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Eissenberg
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009538:Nicotine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010919:Placebos; D010947:Plants, Toxic; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D013375:Substance Withdrawal Syndrome / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology*; D014029:Tobacco Use Disorder / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D014030:Tobacco, Smokeless
chemical_list: D010919:Placebos; D009538:Nicotine