title: Maximal exercise testing in late gestation: maternal responses.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the effects of human pregnancy on metabolic and respiratory responses to maximal cycle ergometer testing and to test the hypothesis that the respiratory exchange ratio at maximal exercise and peak postexercise lactate concentration are lower in the pregnant compared with the nonpregnant state and that these effects are associated with lower excess postexercise oxygen consumption during pregnancy.
  
  
  METHODS
  The pregnant (n = 14, mean gestational age 34.7 +/- 0.4 weeks) and nonpregnant control group (n = 14) included healthy, physically active women. Groups were matched for age, height, parity, prepregnant body mass and body mass index (BMI), and aerobic fitness. Breath-by-breath gas exchange was measured at rest, during exercise, and 15 minutes after exercise. The minimum sample size to detect a statistically significant result for a reasonable difference (0.25 L/min) in the ventilatory threshold was calculated to be ten subjects per group; thus, 14 was considered adequate.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Maximal oxygen uptake, the ventilatory threshold, the point of respiratory compensation, and calculated work efficiency did not differ significantly between groups. However, the respiratory exchange ratio at maximal exercise, peak postexercise lactate, and excess postexercise oxygen consumption were significantly lower in the pregnant group. Peak lactate was significantly correlated with the respiratory exchange ratio and excess postexercise oxygen consumption.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The capacity for weight-supported work is preserved in late gestation, and work efficiency is unchanged. However, carbohydrate utilization might be blunted at high levels of exertion. Blunted respiratory responses were attributed to reduced lactate production and/or dilution of lactate in an expanded blood volume.
authors.affiliation: School of Physical and Health Education, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: A P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Heenan
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Wolfe
authors.forename: G A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Davies
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D005080:Exercise Test; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000097:blood; D010101:Oxygen Consumption; D011247:Pregnancy / Q000502:physiology*; D011263:Pregnancy Trimester, Third; D011659:Pulmonary Gas Exchange; D015656:Respiratory Mechanics
chemical_list: D019344:Lactic Acid