title: Interleukin-12-related cytokine gene expression in carcinomas of the breast, lung, and larynx: a study at tissue level.
abstract: Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) consist of T helper 1 (Th1) and T helper 2 (Th2) cells producing interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and interleukin4 (IL-4), respectively. Interleukin-12 (IL-12) induces Th1 and Th2 differentiation. Therefore, IL-12, IFN-gamma, and IL-4 gene expression were evaluated by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction in carcinomas of the breast (n = 10), lung (n = 17), and larynx (n = 13) to investigate whether TIL activation is IL-12-related. IL-12 and IFN-gamma were codistributed in breast carcinomas, and IL-4 was demonstrated in three instances. IL-12 and IFN-gamma were detected in 15 and 13 lung carcinomas, respectively, and were codistributed in 11 cases; IL-4 was observed in 9 cases and was codistributed with IL-12 and IFN-gamma in 7 instances. IL-12 and IFN-gamma expression was observed in five and nine larynx carcinomas, respectively, and were codistributed in four cases; IL-4 was detected in five instances. These data indicate that breast, lung, and larynx carcinomas are characterized by different patterns of IL-12, IFN-gamma, and IL4 gene expression and suggest that Th1 activation may be induced, at least in part, by the neoplastic microenvironment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Medicine and Pathology, University La Sapienza, Roma, Italy.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Vitolo
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ciocci
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ferrauti
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Tiboni
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Cicerone
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gallo
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: De Vincentiis
authors.forename: C D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Baroni
mesh_terms: D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D018270:Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D018664:Interleukin-12 / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D007822:Laryngeal Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation; D016246:Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating / Q000276:immunology; D008264:Macrophages / Q000201:enzymology / Q000276:immunology; D008297:Male; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000096:biosynthesis; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
chemical_list: D018664:Interleukin-12; D015847:Interleukin-4; D007371:Interferon-gamma; C496319:NOS2 protein, human; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II