Characterization of microbial consortia in a terephthalate-degrading anaerobic granular sludge system.
The microbial composition and spatial distribution in a terephthalate-degrading anaerobic granular sludge system were characterized using molecular techniques. 16S rDNA clone library and sequence analysis revealed that 78.5% of 106 bacterial clones belonged to the delta subclass of the class Proteobacteria; the remaining clones were assigned to the green non-sulfur bacteria (7.5%), Synergistes (0.9%) and unidentified divisions (13.1%). Most of the bacterial clones in the delta-Proteobacteria formed a novel group containing no known bacterial isolates. For the domain Archaea, 81.7% and 18.3% of 72 archaeal clones were affiliated with Methanosaeta and Methanospirillum, respectively. Spatial localization of microbial populations inside granules was determined by transmission electron microscopy and fluorescent in situ hybridization with oligonucleotide probes targeting the novel delta-proteobacterial group, the acetoclastic Methanosaeta, and the hydrogenotrophic Methanospirillum and members of Methanobacteriaceae. The novel group included at least two different populations with identical rod-shape morphology, which made up more than 87% of the total bacterial cells, and were closely associated with methanogenic populations to form a nonlayered granular structure. This novel group was presumed to be the primary bacterial population involved in the terephthalate degradation in the methanogenic granular consortium.
Wu
Jer-Horng
JH
Department of Environmental Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan1.
Liu
Wen-Tso
WT
Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Central University, Chungli 32054, Taiwan2.
Tseng
I-Cheng
IC
Department of Biology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan3.
Cheng
Sheng-Shung
SS
Department of Environmental Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan1.
D000693:Anaerobiosis; D001105:Archaea / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D019149:Bioreactors; D004275:DNA, Ribosomal / Q000032:analysis; D020564:Deltaproteobacteria / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D017753:Ecosystem; D019605:Euryarchaeota / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D017404:In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence; D008854:Microscopy, Electron; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010795:Phthalic Acids / Q000378:metabolism*; D010802:Phylogeny; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000235:genetics; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D012722:Sewage / Q000382:microbiology*; D014873:Water Pollutants / Q000378:metabolism
D004275:DNA, Ribosomal; D010795:Phthalic Acids; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; D012722:Sewage; D014873:Water Pollutants; C011363:terephthalic acid