title: Malignant thymic epithelial tumors: CT-pathologic correlation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of our study was to describe and compare the CT and pathologic findings of atypical thymoma and thymic carcinoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-seven consecutive patients (14 men, 13 women ranging in age from 22 to 77 years [mean age, 52 years]) with pathologically proven atypical thymoma (n = 9) and thymic carcinoma (n = 18) constituted the study population. The chest CT findings in each of the 27 patients were reviewed retrospectively in consensus by two chest radiologists. These findings were correlated with pathologic findings.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The tumors were located in the anterior mediastinum, and most tumors had a lobulated margin (24/27, 89%). Atypical thymomas were significantly smaller (mean, 4.7 cm) than thymic carcinomas (mean, 7.2 cm) (p = 0.041) on CT. The findings of invasion of the great vessels, lymph node enlargement, extrathymic metastases, and phrenic nerve palsy were seen only in patients with thymic carcinoma. The frequencies of necrosis, intratumoral calcification, pleural effusion, pleural implants, pericardial effusion, and obliteration of the mediastinal fat plane were not significantly different between atypical thymomas and thymic carcinomas (p > 0.05). Various histologic subtypes were included in thymic carcinoma. The tumor necrosis and calcification seen on CT were confirmed at pathologic examination.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  When a large thymic tumor appears with invasion of the great vessels, lymph node enlargement, phrenic nerve palsy, or extrathymic metastases on CT, thymic carcinoma rather than atypical thymoma should be considered.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University, School of Medicine, 50, Ilwon-Dong, Kangnam-Ku, Seoul 135-710, Korea.
authors.forename: K J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.forename: K S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: T S
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: E A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013945:Thymoma / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology*; D013953:Thymus Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed