title: Malaria in the Americas: a model of reemergence.
abstract: Malaria in the Americas is a reemerging health issue. In 1969, the World Health Organization shifted policy from malaria eradication to malaria control. With this shift, vector control (house spraying with dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane [DDT]) was deemphasized. Since that time, house spray rates have decreased and malaria rates have increased. Using malaria data collected since 1959 by the Pan American Health Organization, this relationship was examined with an ecological regression model. Malaria control was found to be a function of policy, disease burden, and vector control (R2 = 0.75, p < 0.001). Policy must address both disease burden and vector control. Treatment of disease burden is unquestioned; however, vector control is debated. An argument for the judicious and enlightened resumption of house spraying with DDT is presented.
authors.affiliation: U.S. Air Force School of Aerospace Medicine, Brooks Air Force Base, TX, USA.
authors.forename: W P
authors.initials: WP
authors.lastname: Butler
authors.forename: D R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Roberts
mesh_terms: D002489:Central America / Q000453:epidemiology; D021821:Communicable Diseases, Emerging / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D017281:Cost of Illness; D004463:Ecology; D006291:Health Policy; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D008288:Malaria / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D015233:Models, Statistical; D009032:Mosquito Control / Q000379:methods; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D010175:Pan American Health Organization; D011159:Population Surveillance; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D013020:South America / Q000453:epidemiology; D014944:World Health Organization / Q000458:organization & administration