title: Retrograde transcatheter occlusion of patent ductus arteriosus: preliminary experience in Gianturco coil technique without heparinization.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of this study was to report the initial experience of using the Gianturco coil (Cook Cardiology, Bloomington, Indiana) without heparinization to close patent ductus arteriosus (PDA).
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty consecutive patients (30 females, 10 males) underwent transcatheter closure of a PDA via the right femoral artery approach without heparinization. Patients ages ranged from 7 months to 55 years (median, 6.8 years); weights ranged from 7.8 65 kg (median, 18.3 kg). Twenty-one patients had cardiomegaly (n = 21), congestive heart failure (n = 10), or both (n = 10). The PDAs measured 0.8 4.5 mm (median, 2.6 mm) at the narrowest diameter; the mean Qp/Qs ranged from 1.0 2.6 (1.4 +/- 0.4). The helical diameter of the coil that we chose was 1.7 times the narrowest PDA diameter. The length of the coil was sufficient to produce 4 or 5 loops.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Successful coil placement was accomplished in all 40 patients. Thirty-five patients (87.5%) underwent single coil implantation, 2 patients (5%) had 2 coils, and 3 patients (7.5%) had 3 coils. Complete ductus occlusion was achieved in 80% of cases at the end of the procedure, while 8 patients had minimal shunt detected by aortography or echocardiography. The occlusion rate increased to 87.5% by the next day, 90% by 1 month, 92.5% by 3 months, 95% by 6 months, and 97.5% by 9 and 12 months. Only one asymptomatic patient had minimal residual shunt detected by color Doppler at 12 months follow-up. At a median follow-up of 17 months (range, 5 25 months), no patient had thromboembolism, endocarditis, coil migration, diminished femoral pulse or hemolysis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our preliminary results suggest that retrograde transcatheter closure of PDA with the Gianturco coil without heparinization is feasible, safe and efficacious. A single coil allowed complete occlusion of PDA 3 mm in diameter.
authors.affiliation: 123 Ta Pei Road, Niao Sung Hsiang, Kaohsiung County 833, Taiwan. adi333@ms35.hinet.net
authors.forename: C D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: C Y
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Fang
authors.forename: S F
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Ko
authors.forename: Y T
authors.initials: YT
authors.lastname: Wu
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000792:Angiography; D006328:Cardiac Catheterization / Q000379:methods*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004374:Ductus Arteriosus, Patent / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000628:therapy*; D004621:Embolization, Therapeutic / Q000379:methods*; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies