title: Evaluation of the cardiovascular responses to fiberoptic orotracheal intubation with television monitoring: comparison with conventional direct laryngoscopy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate and compare cardiovascular responses to a new method of orotracheal intubation incorporating TV monitoring, with conventional orotracheal intubation via rigid blade laryngoscopy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective single-blind study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Operating room of a medical college hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  90 ASA physical status I and II surgical patients requiring general anesthesia and orotracheal intubation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients were randomly allocated to two groups, one for the new intubation method and the other for conventional intubation using a rigid laryngoscope. In the new method, an anesthesiologist inserted an endotracheal tube alone into the trachea via TV monitoring through the bronchoscope, which was inserted by an assistant through the mouth to the middle larynx. The patient's trachea was intubated without extreme stretching of laryngeal tissues or deep insertion of the tip of the bronchoscope. In the conventional method, orotracheal intubation was performed with rigid direct laryngoscopy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Noninvasive blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) were measured before arrival at the operating room, and before and after orotracheal intubation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Although this method was expected to be a minimally invasive fiberoptic intubation technique, the patients showed significant increases in BP and HR. No significant differences between the two groups were observed in cardiovascular responses immediately after intubation: the systolic BP, 169.5 +/- 28.3 versus 167.0 +/- 23.1 mmHg, and HR, 100.2 +/- 18.2 versus 98.8 +/- 16.6 bpm.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Insertion of an endotracheal tube may itself be the most invasive stimulus during intubation procedures.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, National Defense Medical College, Saitama 359-8513, Japan. grd1117@gr.ndmc.ac.jp
authors.forename: Y U
authors.initials: YU
authors.lastname: Adachi
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Takamatsu
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Uchihashi
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Higuchi
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Satoh
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001794:Blood Pressure; D005260:Female; D005336:Fiber Optic Technology; D006339:Heart Rate; D006801:Humans; D007442:Intubation, Intratracheal; D007828:Laryngoscopy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D013690:Television