title: The effect of labor pain relief medication on neonatal suckling and breastfeeding duration.
abstract: We examined the relationship of labor pain relief medications with neonatal suckling and breastfeeding duration in 129 mothers delivering vaginally. Suckling was measured using the Infant Breastfeeding Assessment Tool (IBFAT). Controlling for infant age, birthweight, and gender, infants of unmedicated mothers had higher IBFAT suckling scores than those of medicated mothers (x = 11.1 vs. x = 8.2 respectively, P = .001). IBFAT suckling scores for intravenous and epidural groups were similar (x = 8.5) while those who received a combination of both intravenous and epidural medications were lower (x = 6.4 +/- 2.96, P = .001). Mothers evaluated their breastfeeding similarly to nurse evaluators (Z = 9.39, P = .001). Breastfeeding duration did not differ between unmedicated and medicated groups; however, dyads with low IBFAT scores weaned earlier than those with medium or high scores. Labor pain relief medications diminish early suckling but are not associated with duration of breastfeeding through 6 weeks postpartum.
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing, Wichita State University, 1845 N. Fairmount, Box 41, Wichita, KS 67260-0041, USA.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Riordan
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gross
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Angeron
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Krumwiede
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Melin
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016362:Analgesia, Obstetrical / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001942:Breast Feeding / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D009035:Mothers / Q000523:psychology; D009730:Nursing Assessment; D007744:Obstetric Labor Complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D010146:Pain / Q000188:drug therapy*; D011247:Pregnancy; D013391:Sucking Behavior / Q000187:drug effects*; D013997:Time Factors; D014886:Weaning