title: Inhibition of topoisomerase IIalpha expression by transforming growth factor-beta1 is abrogated by the papillomavirus E7 protein.
abstract: Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) protects normal cells from etoposide-induced cell death, yet the mechanism has remained speculative. Studies have shown that etoposide modifies the activity of the topoisomerase IIalpha (topo IIalpha) enzyme, thereby causing DNA damage and inducing cell death. Expression of topo IIalpha is necessary for etoposide-induced cell death, and peak expression of topo IIalpha normally occurs during the G2 phase of the cell cycle. We predicted that by arresting growth in the G1 phase, TGF-beta1 would prevent the induction of topo IIalpha expression that normally occurs subsequent to the G1-S transition, thereby protecting cells from etoposide-induced cell death. Accordingly, we hypothesized that the inhibition of topo IIalpha expression by TGF-beta1 would be dependent on the ability of TGF-beta1 to arrest cell cycle progression in G1. Using mink lung epithelial cells (MvlLu), we found that TGF-beta1 decreases topo IIalpha mRNA expression, and the decrease occurs as cells begin to accumulate in the G1 phase of the cell cycle. Topo IIalpha protein expression decreases subsequent to the fall in mRNA expression. In contrast, topo IIalpha expression is not affected by TGF-beta1 in cells that fail to undergo G1 arrest because of inactivation of the retinoblastoma tumor suppressor protein (pRb) by the papillomavirus type 16 E7 protein. Our studies suggest that inhibition of topo IIalpha by TGF-beta1 is the principal mechanism that protects mink lung epithelial cells (Mv1Lu) from etoposide-induced toxicity. Furthermore, the inhibition of topo IIalpha protein expression by TGF-beta1 is dependent on pRb-mediated cell cycle arrest, suggesting that TGF-beta1 will not reduce the sensitivity of pRb-deficient cancers to etoposide.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City 84132, USA. dan.satterwhite@hsc.utah.edu
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Satterwhite
authors.forename: R L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: White
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Matsunami
authors.forename: K L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Neufeld
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic / Q000494:pharmacology; D015152:Blotting, Northern; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000187:drug effects; D016923:Cell Death / Q000187:drug effects; D002460:Cell Line; D002469:Cell Separation; D004250:DNA Topoisomerases, Type II; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D005047:Etoposide / Q000494:pharmacology; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D016193:G1 Phase / Q000187:drug effects; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D008907:Mink; D019384:Nucleic Acid Synthesis Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D009856:Oncogene Proteins, Viral / Q000494:pharmacology*; D050725:Papillomavirus E7 Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D012190:Retroviridae / Q000235:genetics; D016196:S Phase / Q000187:drug effects; D013997:Time Factors; D059005:Topoisomerase II Inhibitors; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000494:pharmacology*; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1
chemical_list: D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D007527:Isoenzymes; D019384:Nucleic Acid Synthesis Inhibitors; D009856:Oncogene Proteins, Viral; D050725:Papillomavirus E7 Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; C508960:TGFB1 protein, human; D059005:Topoisomerase II Inhibitors; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1; C059731:oncogene protein E7, Human papillomavirus type 16; D005047:Etoposide; D004250:DNA Topoisomerases, Type II