title: Term infants with fetal growth restriction are not at increased risk for low intelligence scores at age 17 years.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the long-term cognitive outcome of small for gestational age (SGA) compared with appropriate for gestational age (AGA) infants.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data from the Jerusalem Perinatal Study was matched with information from the army draft medical board. SGA and severe SGA were defined as birth weight below the 10th and 3rd percentiles for gestational age, respectively. A multiple linear regression analysis was performed to control for clinical, perinatal, and socio-demographic confounding variables.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cohort of 13,454 consecutive singleton term infants born between 1974 and 1976.
  
  
  METHODS
  IQ at age 17 years.
  
  
  RESULTS
  SGA infants had lower adjusted mean +/- SE IQ scores compared with their AGA peers: 102.2 +/- 0.9 versus 105.1 +/- 0.7 (P <.0001) for males and 102.5 +/- 0.9 versus 103.9 +/- 0.7 (P <.015) for females. SGA was not associated with lower academic achievements compared with AGA.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  After controlling for multiple confounders, being born SGA at term is associated with slightly lower intelligence test scores at age 17 years. However, the clinical significance of the small difference is not evident in academic achievements.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Maimonides Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York 11219, USA.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Paz
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Laor
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gale
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Harlap
authors.forename: D K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Stevenson
authors.forename: D S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Seidman
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D015331:Cohort Studies; D015986:Confounding Factors, Epidemiologic; D004522:Educational Status; D005260:Female; D005317:Fetal Growth Retardation / Q000150:complications*; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007236:Infant, Small for Gestational Age; D008607:Intellectual Disability / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology*; D007360:Intelligence; D007361:Intelligence Tests; D007557:Israel; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D012307:Risk Factors; D017678:Sex Distribution; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors