title: The ICCD benchmarks for clubhouses: a practical approach to quality improvement in psychiatric rehabilitation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The study evaluated whether the average performance of clubhouses certified by the International Center for Clubhouse Development (ICCD) should be considered valid benchmarks for clubhouse programs.
  
  
  METHODS
  A representative sample of clubhouses more than three years old that were based on the Fountain House model participated in a 1998 mail survey. To verify that ICCD certification is a valid indicator of program quality for use in setting benchmark performance rates, 71 certified and 48 noncertified programs were compared on a variety of organizational variables.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Even though certified and noncertified clubhouses were similar in organizational structure and resources, findings from a logistic regression analysis confirmed that certified clubhouses provided a wider array of rehabilitation services and achieved higher rates of employment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The findings suggest that ICCD certification is a valid indicator of program quality. The ICCD has therefore proposed that the average performance of certified U.S. clubhouses in specific domains be adopted as benchmarks for organizational performance. When tailored for programs in particular regions and with specific levels of funding, the ICCD benchmarks for clubhouse performance set fair and reasonable expectations for clubhouse programs and for the design of performance contracts between departments of mental health and ICCD clubhouses.
authors.affiliation: Fountain House, New York, New York 10036, USA. macias@compuserve.com
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Macias
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Barreira
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Alden
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Boyd
mesh_terms: D019985:Benchmarking; D002568:Certification; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D003156:Community Mental Health Services; D016352:Group Homes; D006801:Humans; D008006:Licensure, Hospital; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D010043:Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care; D010348:Patient Care Team; D011785:Quality Assurance, Health Care; D012050:Rehabilitation, Vocational; D014481:United States