title: Increased chromatid-type chromosomal aberrations in mouse m5S cells exposed to power-line frequency magnetic fields.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the induction of chromosomal aberrations in mouse m5S cells after exposure to power-line frequency magnetic fields (extremely low frequency magnetic fields; ELFMF) at high-flux densities.
  
  
  METHODS
  m5S cells were either untreated or pretreated during the G1 phase with mitomycin C (MMC, 1 microM) for 1 h or 3 Gy X-rays, and then exposed to ELFMF at three different flux densities (5 and 50 mT at 60 Hz, 400 mT at 50 Hz) for 40 h. Unexposed control cells were incubated for the same period in a conventional CO2 incubator. Chromosomal aberrations were analysed in the first post-treatment metaphases. Cell kinetics were assessed by DNA flow cytometry and the mitotic index.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  ELFMF enhanced the formation of spontaneous and MMC- or X-ray-induced chromosomal aberrations, in a flux-density-dependent manner. Statistically significant increases in the frequency of chromosomal aberrations were observed in cells exposed to 400 mT ELFMF with respect to unexposed controls. The aberrations induced by ELFMF were mostly chromatid-type, not chromosome-type. The cells exposed to 400 mT ELFMF exhibited a three-fold higher level of chromatid-type aberrations than did the unexposed cells. Flow cytometric and mitotic index analyses revealed that the S or G2 arrest following MMC or X-irradiation was more profound in ELFMF-exposed cells than in unexposed cells. Our results suggest that ELFMF can interfere with post-replication repair, resulting in increased levels of chromatid-type chromosomal aberrations induced spontaneously and by DNA damaging agents.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University,  Japan.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yaguchi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yoshida
authors.forename: G R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shingu
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Miyakoshi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic / Q000494:pharmacology; D002460:Cell Line; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000528:radiation effects; D002842:Chromatids / Q000528:radiation effects*; D002869:Chromosome Aberrations; D003703:Demecolcine / Q000494:pharmacology; D004307:Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D016193:G1 Phase; D007700:Kinetics; D008280:Magnetics / Q000009:adverse effects*; D051379:Mice; D016685:Mitomycin / Q000494:pharmacology; D019384:Nucleic Acid Synthesis Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D013997:Time Factors; D014965:X-Rays
chemical_list: D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; D019384:Nucleic Acid Synthesis Inhibitors; D016685:Mitomycin; D003703:Demecolcine