title: The role of laparoscopy in second-look evaluations for ovarian cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy and safety of laparoscopic second-look operations in patients with ovarian cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of all patients who have undergone laparoscopic second-look procedures for ovarian cancer at our institution.
  
  
  RESULTS
  From July 1993 to December 1998, 150 patients underwent laparoscopic second-look operations. The mean age of patients was 53 years (range, 25-78 years). The majority of patients (87%) had Stage III or IV disease at initial surgery; the remainder were Stage II or unstaged. Eighty-two patients (54%) had had optimal cytoreduction at the time of their initial surgery. All patients had completed primary chemotherapy and were clinically disease-free based on imaging studies and CA-125 levels at the time of second look. Sixty-nine patients (46%) were found to have pathologically negative second looks; thus, the rate of positive second-look evaluations was 54%. The rate of conversion to laparotomy was 18/150 (12%). In 3 cases this was secondary to bowel injury; one patient sustained a bladder injury; the remainder of conversions to laparotomy were for secondary cytoreduction. There was only 1 case where the patient was found to have extensive adhesions and laparoscopy was abandoned. The overall rate of major complications was 2.7%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In our experience, laparoscopy is a safe and accurate method of second-look assessment in patients with ovarian cancer. The incidence of complications is low, particularly in this group of patients, all of whom have undergone prior abdominal surgery. The rate of negative evaluations and the rate of recurrences in patients with negative second looks are equivalent to those described in studies of second-look assessment by laparotomy.
authors.affiliation: Gynecologic Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Husain
authors.forename: D S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Chi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Prasad
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Abu-Rustum
authors.forename: R R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Barakat
authors.forename: C L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: E A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Poynor
authors.forename: W J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Hoskins
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Curtin
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002945:Cisplatin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D003841:Deoxycytidine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007274:Injections, Intraperitoneal; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods; D008875:Middle Aged; D008942:Mitoxantrone / Q000008:administration & dosage; D010051:Ovarian Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000601:surgery*; D017239:Paclitaxel / Q000008:administration & dosage; D012086:Reoperation / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D000093542:Gemcitabine
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D003841:Deoxycytidine; D008942:Mitoxantrone; D017239:Paclitaxel; D002945:Cisplatin; D000093542:Gemcitabine