title: A novel family of S-nitrosothiols: chemical synthesis and biological actions.
abstract: S-Nitrosothiols are a class of chemical compounds that decompose to release nitric oxide and show promise in the treatment of a variety of cardiovascular diseases. Some of these are present in vivo and others have been synthesized in vitro. However, those discovered or synthesized to date have very little tissue selectivity or specificity. We synthesized a number of novel S-nitrosated dipeptides of high purity and examined their effects on vasorelaxation using rat mesenteric arteries and on inhibition of platelet aggregation using platelets from healthyhuman subjects. For comparison, we also tested the effects of S-nitroso-l-glutathione (GSNO, an S-nitrosothiol present in vivo) and S-nitroso-N-acetyl-d-beta,beta-dimethylcysteine (SNAP(D), the d-isomer of SNAP, a commonly used S-nitrosothiol previously synthesized in vitro) in these biological systems. Satisfactory elemental analyses were obtained for all compounds synthesized (less than +/- 0.3%), and all accurate mass measurements were within 1-5 ppm of the expected mass. The novel S-nitrosated dipeptides all elicited vasorelaxation with significantly higher potency, of the order of one log molar unit, than either GSNO or SNAP(D). However, all compounds inhibited U46619-induced platelet aggregation with similar potency to GSNO and SNAP(D). These findings indicate a degree of tissue selectivity which may prove to be of therapeutic usefulness.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Al al-Bayt University, Mafraq, Jordan.
authors.forename: H H
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Al-Sa'doni
authors.forename: I Y
authors.initials: IY
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Poston
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Fisher
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ferro
mesh_terms: D019796:15-Hydroxy-11 alpha,9 alpha-(epoxymethano)prosta-5,13-dienoic Acid / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D001792:Blood Platelets / Q000187:drug effects; D004151:Dipeptides / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D005978:Glutathione / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008638:Mesenteric Arteries / Q000187:drug effects; D009603:Nitroso Compounds / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D010396:Penicillamine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000494:pharmacology; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D026423:S-Nitroso-N-Acetylpenicillamine; D026422:S-Nitrosoglutathione; D013438:Sulfhydryl Compounds / Q000737:chemistry*; D014661:Vasoconstriction / Q000187:drug effects; D014662:Vasoconstrictor Agents / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D014665:Vasodilator Agents / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D004151:Dipeptides; D009603:Nitroso Compounds; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; C110881:S-nitro-N-acetylpenicillamine; C420106:S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillaminyl-glycine methyl ester; D013438:Sulfhydryl Compounds; D014662:Vasoconstrictor Agents; D014665:Vasodilator Agents; D026422:S-Nitrosoglutathione; D019796:15-Hydroxy-11 alpha,9 alpha-(epoxymethano)prosta-5,13-dienoic Acid; D026423:S-Nitroso-N-Acetylpenicillamine; D005978:Glutathione; D010396:Penicillamine