title: Molecular diagnosis of and carrier screening for the neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses.
abstract: The neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses (NCLs) are a large group of autosomal recessive lysosomal storage disorders with both enzymatic deficiency and structural protein dysfunction. Three typical forms, the infantile (INCL), late-infantile (LINCL), and juvenile (JNCL), are among the most common childhood-onset neurodegenerative disorders. They result from mutations on genes CLN1, CLN2, and CLN3, respectively. We determined that the mutations 223A --> G and 451C --> T in CLN1, T523-1G --> C, and 636 C --> T in CLN2, and deletion of a 1.02-kb genomic fragment in CLN3 are the five common mutations for NCL. To offer clinical genetic testing for the NCLs, we have developed simple and quick PCR-based molecular tests for detecting INCL-, LINCL-, and JNCL-affected individuals from 180 NCL families (27 INCL, 76 LINCL, and 77 JNCL). The sensitivity of testing to detect NCL patients among clinically suspected individuals was determined to be 78% (21/27) for INCL, 66% (54/76) for LINCL, and 75% (58/77) for JNCL. When molecular screening for carriers was conducted among the normal siblings or parents of the probands, we identified two carriers out of three individuals tested for INCL, 20/56 (35.7%) carriers for LINCL, and 48/106 (45.3%) carriers for JNCL families. In addition, 5% (9/180) of NCL patients revealed genetic heterogeneity and were reclassified. Seven patients previously diagnosed as having JNCL were now found to carry mutations of CLN2 (5/7) or CLN1 (2/7) and 2 with late-infantile onsets were identified as carrying mutations of CLN1. Our data demonstrate the importance of DNA testing to detect accurately both affected individuals and carriers in NCL families.
authors.affiliation: Molecular Neurogenetic Diagnostic Laboratory, New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island 10314, USA. omrddzhong@aol.com
authors.forename: N A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Zhong
authors.forename: K E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Wisniewski
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Ju
authors.forename: D N
authors.initials: DN
authors.lastname: Moroziewicz
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jurkiewicz
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: McLendon
authors.forename: E C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Jenkins
authors.forename: W T
authors.initials: WT
authors.lastname: Brown
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004252:DNA Mutational Analysis; D006580:Genetic Carrier Screening; D005820:Genetic Testing; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008875:Middle Aged; D009472:Neuronal Ceroid-Lipofuscinoses / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods*; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D000091346:Tripeptidyl-Peptidase 1