title: [Clinico-microbiological characteristics of meningitis caused by penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae]].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the susceptibility to antibiotics of Streptococcus pneumoniae isolated from cerebrospinal fluid of children with meningitis. To describe and compare the clinical and microbiological characteristics, treatment and outcome among children infected with strains either susceptible or resistant to penicillin and cephalosporin.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 38 children with pneumococcal meningitis were prospectively enrolled in the Institutional Surveillance Program for Pneumococcal Infections during 1994-1998. Clinical and laboratory data were collected by chart review.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 38 children, 24 (63%) were less than 2 years of age, 11 (28.9%) had drug-resistant S. pneumoniae, 18.4% had intermediate resistance, 10.5% high level resistance and 2.6% also showed high level resistance to cefotaxime. The only associated factors (by Fisher's exact test) associated to resistance were: previous use of antibiotics (p = 0.2), underlying disease (p < 0.001). Course of illness and clinical course were similar for children infected with penicillin or cefotaxime susceptible, vs. non-susceptible strains.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Current levels of S. pneumoniae resistance to penicillin and cephalosporin are not associated to an increase in mortality in children with meningitis.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Infectología, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, México. dgbarreto30@hotmail.com
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gómez-Barreto
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Calderón-Jaimes
authors.forename: R S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Rodríguez
authors.forename: L E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Espinosa de los Monteros
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Juárez
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004352:Drug Resistance, Microbial; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D016920:Meningitis, Bacterial / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid / Q000382:microbiology*; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D010403:Penicillin Resistance; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013296:Streptococcus pneumoniae / Q000187:drug effects*