title: Impact of histological grade of hepatocellular carcinoma on the outcome of liver transplantation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Histological grade of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is an important prognostic factor affecting patient survival after orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT).
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective analysis.
  
  
  METHODS
  University-based teaching hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Of 952 OLTs performed between June 1991 and January 1999, 56 OLT recipients had histologically proven HCC in the explant liver. Of those, 53 patients with complete clinicopathologic data were analyzed. A single pathologist blinded to the outcome of each patient reviewed all histological specimens.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Median follow-up was 709 days. Overall survival for patients with tumors sized 5 cm or less at 1, 3, and 5 years was 87%, 78%, and 71%, respectively (Kaplan-Meier). Univariate analysis revealed the size, number, and distribution of tumors; the presence of microscopic vascular invasion and lymph node metastasis; histological differentiation; and pTNM stage to be statistically significant factors affecting survival. Multivariate analysis revealed histological differentiation and pTNM stage to be the independent and statistically significant factors affecting survival (P =.002 and.03, respectively). When pTNM stage was excluded from multivariate analysis, histological differentiation and size remained the significant independent factors (P =.02 and.03, respectively). Three-year survival for patients with small (</=5 cm) tumor with well- to moderately differentiated and poorly differentiated HCC was 82% and 67%, respectively. Three-year survival for patients with large (>5 cm) tumor with well- to moderately differentiated and poorly differentiated HCC was 62.5% and 0%, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In our retrospective experience, histological differentiation had a statistically significant effect on the prognosis of HCC after OLT. However, before altering the current OLT selection criteria for patients with HCC, prospective studies are required to confirm the impact of histological grade on clinical outcome.
authors.affiliation: Division of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, University of Miami School of Medicine, 1801 NW Ninth Ave, Highland Professional Building, Suite 511, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tamura
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kato
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Berho
authors.forename: E P
authors.initials: EP
authors.lastname: Misiakos
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: O'Brien
authors.forename: K R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Reddy
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Nery
authors.forename: G W
authors.initials: GW
authors.lastname: Burke
authors.forename: E R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Schiff
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: A G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Tzakis
mesh_terms: D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008099:Liver / Q000473:pathology*; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D016031:Liver Transplantation; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D016019:Survival Analysis; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome