title: Emergency coronary artery bypass grafting after failed coronary angioplasty: what has changed in a decade?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We assessed the impact of patient and procedural characteristics on the outcome after emergency coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) for failed percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) and temporal changes in these factors.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients who underwent PTCA and subsequent emergency CABG were identified from the databases of the Departments of Cardiology and Cardiothoracic Surgery.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Two periods of clinical practice were compared. In 1989 to 1993, 2,880 PTCAs were performed, 64 patients underwent emergency CABG (2.3%), and 7 patients died (10.9%). During 1994 to 1998, 46 patients of 3,801 PTCAs underwent emergency CABG (1.2%, p < 0.01), and 7 patients died (15.2%, NS). The average rate of stenting increased from 0.8% to 24% in 1994 to 1998 as well as the frequency of arterial bypass grafts (0% vs 39%). In the latter period, patients were older, were more often females, had more cardiovascular risk factors, a higher Cleveland score (each p < 0.05), and suffered more often from periprocedural myocardial infarctions (p < 0.001) and nonfatal periprocedural complications (p < 0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although the frequency of emergency CABG after failed PTCA declined, perioperative mortality tended to increase according to an unfavorable shift in patient risk factors and morbidity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology and Angiology/Institute for Arteriosclerosis Research, Hospital of the Westfälische Wilhelms-University, Münster, Germany.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Reinecke
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fetsch
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Roeder
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Schmid
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Winter
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ribbing
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Berendes
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Block
authors.forename: H H
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Scheld
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Breithardt
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kerber
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015906:Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary; D002423:Cause of Death; D001026:Coronary Artery Bypass; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery*; D004630:Emergencies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery*; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000401:mortality; D012086:Reoperation; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015607:Stents; D015996:Survival Rate; D017211:Treatment Failure