title: 14-3-3 proteins: regulation of subcellular localization by molecular interference.
abstract: 14-3-3 family of proteins plays a key regulatory role in signal transduction, checkpoint control, apoptotic, and nutrient-sensing pathways. 14-3-3 proteins act by binding to partner proteins, and this binding often leads to the altered subcellular localization of the partner. 14-3-3 proteins promote the cytoplasmic localization of many binding partners, including the pro-apoptotic protein BAD and the cell cycle regulatory phosphatase Cdc25C, but they can also promote the nuclear localization of other partners, such as the catalytic subunit of telomerase (TERT). In some cases, 14-3-3 binding has no effect on the subcellular localization of a partner. 14-3-3 may affect the localization of a protein by interfering with the function of a nearby targeting sequence, such as a nuclear localization sequence (NLS) or a nuclear export sequence (NES), on the binding partner.
authors.affiliation: Center for Cardiovascular Research, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Washington University, Box 8086 - Cardiology, 660 South Euclid Avenue, 63110, St. Louis, MO, USA. amuslin@im.wustl.edu
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Muslin
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Xing
mesh_terms: D048948:14-3-3 Proteins; D000818:Animals; D001667:Binding, Competitive; D016203:CDC2 Protein Kinase / Q000378:metabolism; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000378:metabolism*; D019926:Cyclin B / Q000378:metabolism; D056744:Cyclin B1; D003593:Cytoplasm / Q000378:metabolism*; D011494:Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D021381:Protein Transport; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism; D014446:Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase / Q000378:metabolism*; D051025:bcl-Associated Death Protein; D020666:ras-GRF1 / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D048948:14-3-3 Proteins; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D019926:Cyclin B; D056744:Cyclin B1; D014157:Transcription Factors; D051025:bcl-Associated Death Protein; D020666:ras-GRF1; D014446:Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase; D011494:Protein Kinases; D016203:CDC2 Protein Kinase