title: Human eosinophils constitutively express nuclear factor of activated T cells p and c.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Eosinophils are now known to produce a variety of proinflammatory cytokines, although the molecular factors that regulate their production are poorly understood. The expression of almost all of the cytokines produced by eosinophils, including the proallergic cytokine IL-4, is now known to be regulated at the level of transcription by members of the nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) family of transcription factors.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We sought to characterize the expression of different NFAT proteins in resting and activated eosinophils.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nuclear and whole cell extracts were obtained from both peripheral blood eosinophils and those obtained from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of asthmatic subjects after endobronchial allergen challenge. NFAT expression was determined by using immunoprecipitation and Western blot analysis, DNA-binding assays, and RT-PCR analysis of eosinophil mRNA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both peripheral blood and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid eosinophils expressed NFATp and NFATc protein. Unlike activated T cells, which express multiple NFATc isoforms, eosinophils preferentially express the approximately 85-kd isoform. In addition, eosinophils were found to constitutively express NFATc mRNA. A brief incubation with the T(H)2 cytokines IL-4 and IL-5 was sufficient to induce the nuclear translocation of NFATc. Eosinophil nuclear extracts contain multiple factors that can specifically recognize the IL-4 promoter P1 NFAT site in DNA-binding assays, including NFATp.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  NFATp and NFATc can regulate the expression of cytokines and other genes in eosinophils but appear to be regulated by a novel signal transduction mechanism in these cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Immunology, The Johns Hopkins Asthma and Allergy Center, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Seminario
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: B S
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Bochner
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Beck
authors.forename: S N
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Georas
mesh_terms: D001665:Binding Sites; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D004804:Eosinophils / Q000737:chemistry*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006801:Humans; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000494:pharmacology; D015848:Interleukin-5 / Q000494:pharmacology; D050778:NFATC Transcription Factors; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D018418:Th2 Cells / Q000378:metabolism; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics*; D014178:Translocation, Genetic / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D015848:Interleukin-5; D050778:NFATC Transcription Factors; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D014157:Transcription Factors; D015847:Interleukin-4