title: CAAT sites are required for the activation of the H. pulcherrimus Ars gene by Otx.
abstract: A product of sea urchin homologues of the Drosophila orthodenticle gene, HpOtxL has been implicated as a transcription activator of the aboral ectoderm-specific arylsulfatase (Ars) gene during early development of the sea urchin embryo. Using an in vivo transactivation system, we present evidence that HpOtxL activates the target gene by interacting with co-factors. Otx binding sites alone have little effect on the activity of an Ars promoter, but when both Otx binding sites and CAAT sequences are present in the enhancer region of Ars, the fragment shows a high enhancer activity. A gel mobility shift assay reveals that a nuclear protein binds to the CAAT sequences present near the Otx binding sites in the enhancer region of Ars. The activation domain of HpOtxL resides in the C terminal region between amino acids 218 and 238. The N-terminal region is responsible for the enhancement of transactivation of the Ars promoter, although the region itself does not function as an activation domain. HpOtxE, which possesses an N-terminal region different from HpOtxL, does not activate the Ars promoter even in the presence of CAAT sequences. Together with previous findings, our results suggest that Otx regulates different genes by interacting with different co-factors in sea urchin development.
authors.affiliation: Department of Mathematical and Life Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan. koji@hiroshima-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kiyama
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sasai
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Takata
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mitsunaga-Nakatsubo
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shimada
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Akasaka
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001192:Arylsulfatases / Q000235:genetics*; D001483:Base Sequence; D004742:Enhancer Elements, Genetic; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental / Q000502:physiology*; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins / Q000502:physiology*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D051857:Otx Transcription Factors; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D012617:Sea Urchins / Q000235:genetics*; D015533:Transcriptional Activation
chemical_list: D018398:Homeodomain Proteins; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D051857:Otx Transcription Factors; D001192:Arylsulfatases