title: Pragmatic randomised controlled trial of two prescribing strategies for childhood acute otitis media.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare immediate with delayed prescribing of antibiotics for acute otitis media.
  
  
  METHODS
  Open randomised controlled trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  General practices in south west England.
  
  
  METHODS
  315 children aged between 6 months and 10 years presenting with acute otitis media.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two treatment strategies, supported by standardised advice sheets-immediate antibiotics or delayed antibiotics (antibiotic prescription to be collected at parents' discretion after 72 hours if child still not improving).
  
  
  METHODS
  Symptom resolution, absence from school or nursery, paracetamol consumption.
  
  
  RESULTS
  On average, symptoms resolved after 3 days. Children prescribed antibiotics immediately had shorter illness (-1.1 days (95% confidence interval -0.54 to -1.48)), fewer nights disturbed (-0.72 (-0.30 to -1.13)), and slightly less paracetamol consumption (-0.52 spoons/day (-0.26 to -0.79)). There was no difference in school absence or pain or distress scores since benefits of antibiotics occurred mainly after the first 24 hours-when distress was less severe. Parents of 36/150 of the children given delayed prescriptions used antibiotics, and 77% were very satisfied. Fewer children in the delayed group had diarrhoea (14/150 (9%) v 25/135 (19%), chi(2)=5.2, P=0.02). Fewer parents in the delayed group believed in the effectiveness of antibiotics and in the need to see the doctor with future episodes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Immediate antibiotic prescription provided symptomatic benefit mainly after first 24 hours, when symptoms were already resolving. For children who are not very unwell systemically, a wait and see approach seems feasible and acceptable to parents and should substantially reduce the use of antibiotics for acute otitis media.
authors.affiliation: Community Clinical Sciences (Primary Medical Care Group), University of Southampton, Aldermoor Health Centre, Southampton SO15 6ST. psl3@soton.ac.uk
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Little
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gould
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Williamson
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Moore
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Warner
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dunleavey
mesh_terms: D000082:Acetaminophen / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000208:Acute Disease; D018712:Analgesics, Non-Narcotic / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015982:Bias; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003967:Diarrhea / Q000139:chemically induced; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D011307:Drug Prescriptions; D005194:Family Practice / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D010033:Otitis Media / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D011368:Professional-Family Relations; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D018712:Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000082:Acetaminophen