title: Hepatic adenoma associated with recombinant human growth hormone therapy in a patient with Turner's syndrome.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Turner's syndrome is a genetic disorder of females with well-described karyotypic abnormalities and phenotypic features. Recombinant human growth hormone (HGH) therapy is one component of a hormonal treatment strategy for these patients and is used to promote sexual maturity and to increase height.
  
  
  METHODS
  Literature review of hepatic complications following the initiation of growth hormone therapy for patients with Turner's syndrome, and case report presentation of a 13-year-old female with Turner's syndrome developing a hepatic adenoma following 3 years of HGH treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The association between Turner's syndrome and HGH treatment-associated hepatic adenoma has not been described previous to this report. In this patient, surgical resection was contraindicated and the patient was successfully treated by hepatic artery embolization. The unique management issues relating to this case, and a possible association between HGH therapy and the development of hepatic adenoma are discussed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This work represents the first documentation of a hepatic adenoma developing in a patient with Turner's syndrome following HGH treatment, and suggests a novel and causal association between HGH treatment and the development of hepatic adenoma in patients with Turner's syndrome.
authors.affiliation: Hepatobiliary Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, N.Y., USA.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Espat
authors.forename: R S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Chamberlain
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sklar
authors.forename: L H
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Blumgart
mesh_terms: D000236:Adenoma / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000628:therapy; D000293:Adolescent; D004621:Embolization, Therapeutic; D005260:Female; D013006:Growth Hormone / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000628:therapy; D014424:Turner Syndrome / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy*; D014463:Ultrasonography
chemical_list: D013006:Growth Hormone