title: Optokinetic nystagmus in patients with central scotomas in age related macular degeneration.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Reports on the impact of a loss in the central field of vision on optokinetic nystagmus (OKN) are varied. A study was therefore undertaken to reassess the role of the central retina in the generation of OKN in a large group of patients with age related macular degeneration.
  
  
  METHODS
  Four groups of 20 patients were examined: a control group without scotoma and three groups with absolute central scotomas measuring 1 degrees--10 degrees, 11 degrees--20 degrees, and 21 degrees--30 degrees. OKN was elicited with black and white stripes moving nasally to temporally or temporally to nasally on a screen subtending 54 degrees x 41 degrees at four velocities (15, 30, 45, and 60 degrees /s). OKN gain was measured using infrared oculography.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was no significant difference in OKN gain between the control group and those with scotomas of 1 degrees--10 degrees and 11 degrees--20 degrees. A significant difference in OKN gain was found between the group with scotomas of 21 degrees--30 degrees and all other groups at stimulus velocities of 30, 45, and 60 degrees/s (p<0.05). OKN gain significantly diminished with increasing stimulus velocity (p<0.05). No statistically significant difference was found in OKN gain between stimuli moving temporally to nasally and nasally to temporally.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Abnormalities of OKN gain were noted only in patients with large scotomas. An intact macula is therefore not necessary for the generation of OKN.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Kantonsspital, CH-9007 St Gallen, Switzerland. valmaggia@freesurf.ch
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Valmaggia
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Charlier
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Gottlob
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D006801:Humans; D008268:Macular Degeneration / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D017120:Nystagmus, Optokinetic; D010775:Photic Stimulation / Q000379:methods; D012607:Scotoma / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D058609:Visual Field Tests