title: Combined intraarterial/intravenous thrombolysis for acute ischemic stroke.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The intravenous use of recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator (rTPA) in acute ischemic stroke has been investigated in three large trials. Limited series have reflected outcome after local intraarterial thrombolysis (LIT) in the cerebral territory. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of combined intraarterial/intravenous thrombolysis using rTPA (actilyse) for acute ischemic stroke.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-five patients with acute onset of severe hemispheric stroke and without signs of major cerebral infarction on early CT scans were randomized by order of admission. Twelve patients were treated with 50 mg actilyse (maximal dose, 0.7 mg/kg); three had occlusion of the internal carotid artery and nine had occlusion of the middle cerebral artery. Thrombolysis was started by LIT and continued intravenously within 6 hours of stroke onset. Outcome, assessed after 1 and 12 months according to the modified Rankin scale (MRS), was considered good (MRS score, 0-3) for patients who were functionally independent and poor (MRS score, 4-5) for those who were dependent or had died.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the thrombolysis group, outcome was good in eight patients at 1 month and in 10 patients at 12 months; in the control group, outcome was good in seven (21%) and 11 (33%) patients, respectively. Of the eight patients with a good outcome after thrombolysis, four had complete and one had partial recanalization. In the control group, the rate of intracerebral hemorrhage was 6%. Mortality at 1 month in the thrombolysis and control groups was 17% and 48%, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Combined intraarterial/intravenous thrombolysis with low-dose rTPA may be a safe and effective treatment for acute ischemic stroke within 6 hours in carefully selected patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Academy of Latvia, Clinical Hospital Gailezers, Riga.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Keris
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rudnicka
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Vorona
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Enina
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Tilgale
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fricbergs
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality; D002533:Cerebral Angiography; D002543:Cerebral Hemorrhage / Q000139:chemically induced; D005260:Female; D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D007269:Injections, Intra-Arterial; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010960:Plasminogen Activators / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D020521:Stroke / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D010960:Plasminogen Activators; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator