title: Expectant treatment of ectopic pregnancies: clinical and sonographic predictors.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We identified the potential clinical and sonographic predictors of the spontaneous resolution of ectopic pregnancies.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed a prospective study of 78 consecutive patients with a transvaginal sonographic diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy who had either two consecutive quantitative measurements of their beta subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin (beta-hCG) more than 24 hrs apart or an embryo with a heart beat. We evaluated the patient's age, time from the last menstrual period, beta-hCG level, size of ectopic pregnancy, presence of a gestational sac or embryonic elements, vascularity on color Doppler sonography, peak systolic velocity, and resistive index of ectopic pregnancy at the time of presentation as potential independent predictors of the final outcome. Logistic regression was performed to identify the independent predictors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Forty-six patients had declining beta-hCG levels, and 32 ectopic pregnancies showed an embryo with a heart beat or had steady or rising beta-hCG levels. Univariate analysis indicated that a longer time from the last menstrual period (older ectopic pregnancies), lower beta-hCG levels, and the absence of gestational sac are statistically more significantly seen in ectopic pregnancies with declining beta-hCG levels (p < 0.05). Resistive index of ectopic pregnancy reached borderline significance (p = 0.05). In a multiple logistic model, the same variables were independent predictors of outcome (p < 0.05). Resistive index was also a predictor (p = 0.09).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Longer times from the last menstrual period, lower beta-hCG levels, absence of gestational sacs, and higher resistive indexes of ectopic pregnancy at the time of presentation appear to be independent predictors of the spontaneous resolution of ectopic pregnancy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, McGill University, Montreal General Hospital, 1650 Ave. Cedar, Montreal, Quebec H3G 1A4, Canada.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Atri
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Chow
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kintzen
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gillett
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Aldis
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Thibodeau
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Reinhold
authors.forename: P M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Bret
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity; D018997:Chorionic Gonadotropin, beta Subunit, Human / Q000032:analysis; D005321:Extraembryonic Membranes; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011247:Pregnancy; D011271:Pregnancy, Ectopic / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000628:therapy; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012075:Remission, Spontaneous; D018615:Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color; D014655:Vascular Resistance
chemical_list: D018997:Chorionic Gonadotropin, beta Subunit, Human