title: Lipopolysaccharide-induced gelatinase granule mobilization primes neutrophils for activation by galectin-3 and formylmethionyl-Leu-Phe.
abstract: We have earlier shown that galectin-3, a lactose-binding mammalian lectin that is secreted from activated macrophages, basophils, and mast cells, induces activation of the NADPH oxidase in exudated but not in peripheral blood neutrophils (A. Karlsson, P. Follin, H. Leffler, and C. Dahlgren, Blood 91:3430-3438, 1998). The alteration in responsiveness occurring during extravasation correlated with mobilization of the gelatinase and/or specific granules to the cell surface, indicating a role for mobilizable galectin-3 receptors. In this study we have investigated galectin-3-induced NADPH oxidase activation, measured as superoxide production, in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-primed neutrophils. Upon galectin-3 challenge, the LPS-primed cells produced superoxide, both extracellularly and intracellularly. A primed extracellular response to formylmethionyl-Leu-Phe (fMLF) was also achieved. The exposure of complement receptors 1 and 3 as well as the formyl peptide receptor on the cell surface was markedly increased after LPS treatment, indicating that granule fusion with the plasma membrane had occurred. Further assessment of specific markers for neutrophil granules showed that the LPS treatment had mobilized the gelatinase granules but only a minor fraction of the specific granules. We thus suggest that the mechanism behind LPS priming lies at the level of granule (receptor) mobilization for galectin-3 as well as for fMLF.
authors.affiliation: Phagocyte Research Laboratory, Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Göteborg, Göteborg, Sweden.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Almkvist
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fäldt
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Dahlgren
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Leffler
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Karlsson
mesh_terms: D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000502:physiology; D000943:Antigens, Differentiation / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000502:physiology; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules; D003594:Cytoplasmic Granules / Q000201:enzymology*; D037502:Galectin 3; D018093:Gelatinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009240:N-Formylmethionine Leucyl-Phenylalanine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019255:NADPH Oxidases / Q000378:metabolism; D018375:Neutrophil Activation / Q000187:drug effects*; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000648:ultrastructure
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD; D000943:Antigens, Differentiation; C069847:CD66 antigens; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules; D037502:Galectin 3; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D009240:N-Formylmethionine Leucyl-Phenylalanine; D019255:NADPH Oxidases; D018093:Gelatinases