title: Assessment of strategies in families tested by Finnish families.
abstract: The aim of this paper was to describe testing a Finnish version of the assessment of strategies in families (ASF) instrument and its construct validity and reliability in Finnish families. The ASF instrument is based on Friedemann's framework of systemic organization and the version used in this study consists of 25 items, each containing three statements. The instrument was developed to estimate family functioning in reaching the four targets of the framework of systemic organization. It provides sub-scores for the targets, family stability (system maintenance and coherence), family growth (system change and individuation), control (system maintenance and system change) and spirituality (individuation and coherence). Data were collected from patients attending the outpatient clinics of pulmonary and rheumatic diseases (N=196). Questionnaires were given to patients capable of understanding the questions and they returned questionnaires by mail directly to researchers. Construct validity was tested with exploratory factor analysis. Factor analysis was done with 22 items. The four factor solution was best suited. Two items were eliminated because of low factor loadings and crossloading. The total of 20 items were left in the instrument. Crohnbach's alpha was used to measure internal consistency. It was computed for each target separately and the total tool. There were discrepancies in the assignment of process dimensions which were expected because of cultural perceptions. The total instrument had a reliability of 0.85. The result of the analyses was a pretested tool with subscales for stability, growth, control and spirituality that have acceptable reliability and concept validity. Less satisfactory was the small number of items representing individuation. Another weakness is the lack of statistical distinction between system maintenance and coherence. The instrument is also usable in these subscales, but it needs further development and retesting. Items need to be added to express individuation, possibly some others. The new items will be formulated freely, paying attention to culture. However, the tool appears good enough to be used as measurement in various research studies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nursing Science, University of Tampere, Finland. nupaast@uta.fi
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Astedt-Kurki
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Friedemann
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Paavilainen
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tammentie
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Paunonen-Ilmonen
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005163:Factor Analysis, Statistical; D005190:Family / Q000523:psychology*; D005192:Family Health; D005260:Female; D005387:Finland; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D007389:Internal-External Control; D008171:Lung Diseases / Q000451:nursing / Q000523:psychology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008960:Models, Psychological; D009730:Nursing Assessment / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D015403:Nursing Evaluation Research; D012069:Religion and Psychology; D012216:Rheumatic Diseases / Q000451:nursing / Q000523:psychology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013597:Systems Analysis; D014175:Translating