title: Dose-response of retinoic acid induced stress protein synthesis and teratogenesis in mice.
abstract: Stress proteins are synthesized in response to a variety of stressors, including several teratogenic agents. However, their role, if any, in the teratogenic process is unknown. We have previously demonstrated that all-trans-retinoic acid administered to pregnant CD-1 mice on gestational day 11 or 13 produced limb defects and cleft palate near term in a dose-responsive manner. This chemical also induced the synthesis of several nuclear stress proteins in embryonic tissues within several hours of dosing. The stress proteins were only observed in tissues that eventually became malformed and not in tissues that appeared normal at term. In the current work, we examined the stress response in embryonic target tissues after several different doses of retinoic acid. The nuclear stress proteins were synthesized in a dose-related manner and at a lower retinoic acid dose than doses producing malformations in the corresponding tissue at birth. Each individual stress protein and the total stress protein response were highly correlated, across dose, with the respective malformations observed at term.
authors.affiliation: National Center for Toxicological Research, Division of Genetic & Reproductive Toxicology, 3900 NCTR Road, 72079-9502, Jefferson, AR, USA. dhansen@nctr.fda.gov
authors.forename: D K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Hansen
authors.forename: J B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: LaBorde
authors.forename: K S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Wall
authors.forename: W G
authors.initials: WG
authors.lastname: Hinson
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Pipkin
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Shaddock
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lyn-Cook
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Young
mesh_terms: D000014:Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; D000818:Animals; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D006360:Heat-Shock Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D051379:Mice; D011247:Pregnancy; D014212:Tretinoin / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D006360:Heat-Shock Proteins; D014212:Tretinoin