title: Relationship of substantia nigra echogenicity and motor function in elderly subjects.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) exhibit an increased echogenicity of the substantia nigra (SN) on transcranial sonography. Some healthy adults with the same echo characteristics showed a reduced 18fluorodopa uptake on PET, indicating a subclinical alteration of the nigrostriatal system.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether the sonographic phenotype of hyperechogenic SN has any relevance for motor function in elderly subjects and whether an increased echogenicity of the SN is associated with an impaired motor function.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a population-based, cross-sectional study, 93 subjects older then 60 years without history of extrapyramidal disorder underwent sonographic and neurologic examinations, with a quantitative motor assessment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Elderly healthy subjects without prediagnosed extrapyramidal disorder but with SN hyperechogenicity had more frequent and more severe parkinsonian symptoms and a slower finger tapping than those with a regular echogenicity of the SN (p < 0.05, U test).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  With increasing age, subjects with SN hyperechogenicity develop a more substantial slowing of movements than subjects without this echo pattern, stressing the functional relevance of this sonographic finding. The authors speculate that hyperechogenicity of the SN may be detected by transcranial sonography early in life and may serve as a risk marker for nigral injury, although only a minority of these subjects will develop the full clinical picture of PD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Bayerische Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Germany.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Berg
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Siefker
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ruprecht-Dörfler
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Becker
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D005385:Fingers; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009043:Motor Activity; D009048:Motor Skills; D009460:Neurologic Examination; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000453:epidemiology; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D013378:Substantia Nigra / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D017585:Ultrasonography, Doppler, Transcranial