title: Porphyromonas gingivalis induction of mediator and cytokine secretion by human gingival fibroblasts.
abstract: We hypothesized that bacterial viability and strain characteristics of Porphyromonas gingivalis could affect the induction of pro-inflammatory mediator secretion by human gingival fibroblast cultures. Both killed and viable P. gingivalis elicited production of prostaglandin E2, interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta), IL-6 and IL-8, although killed P. gingivalis induced generally higher levels, particularly IL-6 and IL-8, compared with the viable bacteria. P. gingivalis strains, which exhibited wild-type levels of trypsin-like protease activity, stimulated human gingival fibroblasts to secrete increased levels of prostaglandin E2 and IL-1 beta, although minimal levels of IL-6 and IL-8 were noted in supernatants from the gingival fibroblast cells. P. gingivalis strains BEI and NG4B19, which have either decreased or undetectable levels of trypsin-like protease, respectively, induced significantly greater IL-6 and IL-8 levels in gingival fibroblast cultures compared with the other strains. The ability of antibody to P. gingivalis to alter human gingival fibroblast production of pro-inflammatory mediators was tested using nonhuman primate antisera. Both immune and nonimmune sera altered the P. gingivalis-generated pattern of mediators from the gingival fibroblasts. We conclude that: (i) viable and killed P. gingivalis were capable of inducing various pro-inflammatory cytokines from human gingival fibroblasts; (ii) strain differences in cytokine induction were noted, and the expression of a trypsin-like protease activity was related to decreased extracellular levels of IL-6 and IL-8; and (iii) the presence of serum, particularly with specific antibody to P. gingivalis, significantly altered human gingival fibroblast cytokine production compared with P. gingivalis alone.
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontics, University of Texas Health Science Center, 7703 Floyd Curl Dr., San Antonio, TX 78284, USA.
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Steffen
authors.forename: S C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Holt
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Ebersole
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial / Q000097:blood; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D002460:Cell Line; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000378:metabolism; D015232:Dinoprostone / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000378:metabolism; D010450:Endopeptidases / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D005881:Gingiva / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000378:metabolism*; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000378:metabolism; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000378:metabolism; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000378:metabolism; D015289:Leukotrienes / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000378:metabolism; D008252:Macaca fascicularis; D010518:Periodontitis / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology; D016966:Porphyromonas gingivalis / Q000201:enzymology / Q000276:immunology* / Q000472:pathogenicity; D013045:Species Specificity
chemical_list: D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D016207:Cytokines; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D007375:Interleukin-1; D015850:Interleukin-6; D016209:Interleukin-8; D015289:Leukotrienes; D010450:Endopeptidases; D015232:Dinoprostone