title: The impact of different response alternatives on responders' reporting of health-related behaviour in a postal survey.
abstract: Previous experimental research in other topic areas has shown that the choice of response alternatives can influence respondents' reporting of the frequency of vaguely defined events and that the set of response alternatives is treated as information in the interpretation of the question. The aim of this study was to examine whether such affects would occur in the context of respondents reporting of health-related events using high and medium frequency closed format response categories, which might be used interchangeably by researchers. The study consisted of a postal survey of n = 518 patients aged > or = 18 years randomly selected from the patient list of a diabetes centre and who were equally and randomly allocated to one of three conditions (Condition A: high frequency response alternatives/horizontal orientation; condition B: medium frequency response alternatives/horizontal orientations; condition C: high frequency response alternatives/vertical orientation). Testing for the effect of response alternatives for the combined responses of five vaguely defined questions between conditions A and B was chi 2 = 5.5, p = 0.019, for the difference in proportions, indicating that overall, those respondents presented with response alternatives discriminating at medium frequency, reported significantly fewer target events than those presented with high frequency response alternatives. Testing for the effect of orientation of the combined question responses between conditions A and C, differences in proportions between conditions, did not reach statistical significance (p > 0.05). Findings from this and previous studies indicate that response alternatives provide information on the interpretation of vaguely defined questionnaire items and that their choice should not be left to intuition alone when designing questionnaire items.
authors.affiliation: Health and Survey Research Unit, Applied Statistics Centre, University of Hull, UK. k.a.meadows@maths.hull.ac.uk
authors.forename: K A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Meadows
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Greene
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Foster
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Beer
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus; D004739:England; D005260:Female; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011177:Postal Service; D011594:Psychometrics / Q000379:methods*; D011788:Quality of Life; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires