title: Behavioral evaluation of hemiparkinsonian MPTP monkeys following dopamine pharmacological manipulation and adrenal co-graft transplantation.
abstract: Bradykinesia and rigidity are the symptoms that most directly correlate with loss of striatal dopamine in Parkinson's disease. In the hemiparkinsonian (HP) monkey, this is represented by paucity of movement as measured by coli puterized movement analysis, diminished manual dexterity on clinical examination, and diminished performance on operant behavioral tasks. The present study used an MPTP-induced HP model in rhesus monkeys to evaluate the effectiveness of adrenal medullary and peripheral nerve co-grafts in diminishing parkinsonian symptoms. Unoperated controls (N = 4), surgical controls with caudate lesioning (N = 4), and caudate co-grafted (N = 4) HP monkeys demonstrated diminished movement in the home cage following MPTP. This behavior persisted in unoperated controls, but improved in both surgical control and co-grafted monkeys. Functional hand dexterity evaluations demonstrated similar impairment in all three groups but only surgical controls and co-grafted monkeys demonstrated improvement. In general, rotational behavior in response to apomorphine was consistent with recovery of function in surgical controls and co grafted monkeys, but marked between-subject variability precluded group statistical analyses. None of the monkeys could perform the operant task using the affected limb following MPTP. However, the performance of two co-grafted animals demonstrated partial recovery. L-dopa improved operant performance, demonstrating a dopaminergic component to the task. The results demonstrate recovery of behavioral function after surgical treatment, with adrenal co-grafted monkeys showing the greatest degree of improvement.
authors.affiliation: Yerkes Regional Primate Research Center and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA. leonard@rmy.emory.edu
authors.forename: L L
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Howel
authors.forename: L D
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Byrd
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: McDonough
authors.forename: P M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Iuvone
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Bakay
mesh_terms: D015632:1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine; D015102:3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid; D000313:Adrenal Medulla / Q000637:transplantation*; D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects*; D003216:Conditioning, Operant; D015259:Dopamine Agents; D006719:Homovanillic Acid / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid; D006897:Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid; D007980:Levodopa / Q000378:metabolism; D008253:Macaca mulatta; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000187:drug effects; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000378:metabolism / Q000601:surgery*; D010302:Parkinson Disease, Secondary / Q000139:chemically induced; D013497:Sural Nerve / Q000637:transplantation*; D014446:Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D015259:Dopamine Agents; D015102:3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid; D007980:Levodopa; D006897:Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid; D015632:1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine; D014446:Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase; D006719:Homovanillic Acid