title: Nickel on the Swedish market before the Nickel Directive.
abstract: Nickel allergy is by far the most frequent contact allergy, affecting 10-15% of women in the general population, and causing dermatitis and hand eczema. The EU Nickel Directive, aimed at the prevention of nickel allergy, comes fully into force by July 2001. The Directive covers piercing materials, items in contact with the skin, and requirements on resistance to wear. We carried out a study of the prevalence on the market, before the Nickel Directive, of items that release nickel and of nickel in piercing posts. Nickel release, as shown by a positive dimethylglyoxime (DMG) test, was detected in 25% of 725 items intended for direct and prolonged contact with the skin. Of 15 posts intended for use during epithelialization after piercing, 60% contained more than 0.05% nickel. These products do not comply with the requirements of the EU Nickel Directive. It is suggested that experts in contact dermatitis participate in the prevention of nickel allergy by explaining its effects: the r le of skin exposure and which parts of an item are in contact with the skin, and the crucial question of nickel release versus nickel content.
authors.affiliation: Occupational and Environmental Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lidén
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Johnsson
mesh_terms: D017449:Dermatitis, Allergic Contact / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005062:European Union; D005260:Female; D006291:Health Policy; D006801:Humans; D007221:Industry / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence*; D007883:Legislation, Medical; D008297:Male; D008452:Maximum Allowable Concentration; D009532:Nickel / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis*; D010091:Oximes; D015995:Prevalence; D013548:Sweden / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D010091:Oximes; C013501:dimethylglyoxime; D009532:Nickel