title: Kinetic studies of dipeptide-based and amino acid-based peritoneal dialysis solutions.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Dipeptide-based peritoneal dialysis solutions may have potential advantages compared with the glucose or amino acid-based solutions. Dipeptides may hydrolyze in the peritoneal cavity, generating constituent amino acids and thereby increasing the osmolality of the dialysate. Dipeptides can also be a valuable source of amino acids, which are poorly soluble in water, such as tyrosine.
  
  
  METHODS
  Dwell studies in rats were performed during four hours with dipeptide solutions containing five dipeptides (Gly-His, Ala-Tyr, Thr-Leu, Ser-Phe, Val-Lys), 8, or 16 mmol/L of each dipeptide (low or high dipeptide group). Dwell studies were also performed with a 1.1% amino acid solution (Nutrineal(R)). The model of dipeptide hydrolysis (hydrolysis rate, KH), diffusive (rate constant, KBDD) and convective transport as well as transport of constituent amino acids consisted of mass balance equations, written for each dipeptide and amino acid.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Peritoneal volume with the amino acid solution decreased much faster than that with the high and low dipeptide solutions. KH for all dipeptides did not differ between the high and low dipeptide groups. In the low dipeptide group, KH was 0.004 +/- 0.004 mL/min (mean +/- SD) for Gly-His (the lowest) and 0.088 +/- 0.048 mL/min for Thr-Leu (the highest). KBDD was higher than KH for all dipeptides, the average being 0.2 +/- 0.05 mL/min.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Dipeptides are hydrolyzed in the peritoneal cavity, generating constituent amino acids. However, the hydrolysis rate appears to be several times lower than the dipeptide diffusive transport rate from dialysate to blood. Due to the higher molecular weight and intraperitoneal generation of amino acids, the dipeptide-based solutions provide more sustained ultrafiltration than the amino acid solution. The plasma concentration of amino acids at 60 minutes, in relation to the dose of amino acids delivered between 0 and 60 minutes, is considerably higher during the dwells with amino acid-based solution than during dwells with the dipeptide-based solutions.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering, Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Weryński
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Waniewski
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Anderstam
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Lindholm
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bergström
mesh_terms: D000596:Amino Acids / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D001692:Biological Transport; D015314:Dialysis Solutions / Q000378:metabolism; D004058:Diffusion; D004151:Dipeptides / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D006868:Hydrolysis; D007700:Kinetics; D008297:Male; D008954:Models, Biological; D009994:Osmolar Concentration; D010529:Peritoneal Cavity / Q000502:physiology; D010530:Peritoneal Dialysis; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley
chemical_list: D000596:Amino Acids; D015314:Dialysis Solutions; D004151:Dipeptides