title: The effect of repeated bonding on the shear bond strength of a composite resin orthodontic adhesive.
abstract: One of the problems clinicians face during treatment is bracket failure. This is usually the result either of the patient's accidentally applying inappropriate forces to the bracket or of a poor bonding technique. As a result, a significant number of teeth have to be rebonded in a busy orthodontic practice. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of repeated bonding on the shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets. Fifteen freshly extracted human molars were collected and stored in a solution of 0.1% (wt/vol) thymol. The teeth were cleaned, polished, and etched with a 37% phosphoric acid gel. The brackets were bonded with the adhesive and light cured for 20 seconds. The teeth were sequentially bonded and debonded 3 times with the same composite orthodontic adhesive. At each time, all 15 teeth were debonded within a half hour after bonding to simulate the clinical condition at which a newly bonded bracket is attached to the arch wire. The results of the analysis of variance comparing the shear bond strength at the 3 debonding attempts indicated the presence of no significant differences among the 3 groups (P = .104). However, when the overall change in shear bond strength within each tooth was evaluated between debonding sequences 1 and 3, 10 teeth had a significant (P = .001) decrease (mean +/- SD, -4.6+/-2.5 MPa) in bond strength, whereas 5 teeth had a significant (P = .02) increase (mean +/- SD, 2.8+/-1.6 MPa). The present findings indicated that in general, the highest values for shear bond strength were obtained after the initial bonding. Rebonded teeth have significantly lower and inconsistent shear bond strength; ie, bond strength may further decrease or increase after the second debonding, and the changes in bond strength may be related to the changes in the morphologic characteristics of the etched enamel surface as a result of the presence of adhesive remnants.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City 52242-1001, USA. karla-starkovich@uiowa.edu
authors.forename: S E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Bishara
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: VonWald
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Laffoon
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Warren
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D017438:Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D001840:Dental Bonding; D017005:Dental Debonding; D003743:Dental Enamel / Q000648:ultrastructure; D003799:Dental Stress Analysis; D019544:Equipment Failure Analysis; D017743:Equipment Reuse; D006801:Humans; D008422:Materials Testing; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D008963:Molar; D016910:Orthodontic Brackets; D019279:Resin Cements; D013718:Tensile Strength
chemical_list: D019279:Resin Cements; C065742:Transbond; D017438:Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate