title: Characterization of acetic acid bacteria in traditional acetic acid fermentation of rice vinegar (komesu) and unpolished rice vinegar (kurosu) produced in Japan.
abstract: Bacterial strains were isolated from samples of Japanese rice vinegar (komesu) and unpolished rice vinegar (kurosu) fermented by the traditional static method. Fermentations have never been inoculated with a pure culture since they were started in 1907. A total of 178 isolates were divided into groups A and B on the basis of enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus-PCR and random amplified polymorphic DNA fingerprinting analyses. The 16S ribosomal DNA sequences of strains belonging to each group showed similarities of more than 99% with Acetobacter pasteurianus. Group A strains overwhelmingly dominated all stages of fermentation of both types of vinegar. Our results indicate that appropriate strains of acetic acid bacteria have spontaneously established almost pure cultures during nearly a century of komesu and kurosu fermentation.
authors.affiliation: Research Center, Tamanoi Vinegar Co., Ltd., 100, Nishimachi, Yamatokoriyama, Nara 639-1038, Japan.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nanda
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Taniguchi
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ujike
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ishihara
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mori
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ono
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Murooka
mesh_terms: D019342:Acetic Acid / Q000378:metabolism*; D000091:Acetobacter / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D004275:DNA, Ribosomal / Q000032:analysis; D005285:Fermentation; D007218:Industrial Microbiology; D007564:Japan; D012275:Oryza / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000382:microbiology*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000235:genetics; D019105:Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA Technique
chemical_list: D004275:DNA, Ribosomal; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; D019342:Acetic Acid