title: Il-10 is a central regulator of cyclooxygenase-2 expression and prostaglandin production.
abstract: IL-10 is a potent anti-inflammatory and immune regulatory cytokine. IL-10(-/-) mice produce exaggerated amounts of inflammatory cytokines when stimulated with LPS, indicating that endogenous IL-10 is a central regulator of inflammatory cytokine production in vivo. PGs are lipid mediators that are also produced in large amounts during the inflammatory response. To study the role of IL-10 in the regulation of PG production during the acute inflammatory response, we evaluated LPS-induced cyclooxygenase (COX) expression and PG production in wild-type (wt) and IL-10(-/-) mice. LPS-induced PGE(2) production from IL-10(-/-) spleen cells was 5.6-fold greater than that from wt spleen cells. LPS stimulation resulted in the induction of COX-2 mRNA and protein in both wt and IL-10(-/-) spleen cells; however, the magnitude of increase in COX-2 mRNA was 5.5-fold greater in IL-10(-/-) mice as compared with wt mice. COX-1 protein levels were not affected by LPS stimulation in either wt or IL-10(-/-) mice. Neutralization of IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, or IL-12 markedly decreased the induction of COX-2 in IL-10(-/-) spleen cells, suggesting that increased inflammatory cytokine production mediates much of the COX-2 induction in IL-10(-/-) mice. Treatment of IL-10(-/-) mice with low doses of LPS resulted in a marked induction of COX-2 mRNA in the spleen, whereas wt mice had minimal expression of COX-2 mRNA. These findings indicate that, in addition to IL-10's central role in the regulation of inflammatory cytokines, endogenous IL-10 is an important regulator of PG production in the response to LPS.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA. daniel-j-berg@uiowa.edu
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Berg
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Lauricella
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Moore
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016718:Arachidonic Acid / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000378:metabolism; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D051545:Cyclooxygenase 1; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D015232:Dinoprostone / Q000096:biosynthesis; D007274:Injections, Intraperitoneal; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000494:pharmacology; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000172:deficiency / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D018664:Interleukin-12 / Q000494:pharmacology; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D007975:Leukotriene B4 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D051379:Mice; D008815:Mice, Inbred Strains; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D011453:Prostaglandins / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis; D013154:Spleen / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D007527:Isoenzymes; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D011453:Prostaglandins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D016753:Interleukin-10; D018664:Interleukin-12; D007975:Leukotriene B4; D016718:Arachidonic Acid; D007371:Interferon-gamma; D051545:Cyclooxygenase 1; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases; C496512:Ptgs1 protein, mouse; D015232:Dinoprostone