title: Comparison of the effects of nitric oxide, nitroprusside, and nifedipine on hemodynamics and right ventricular contractility in patients with chronic pulmonary hypertension.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The effects of inhaled nitric oxide (NO) on hemodynamics and right ventricular (RV) contractility were compared with those of nitroprusside and nifedipine in 14 patients with severe chronic pulmonary hypertension.
  
  
  METHODS
  Micromanometer and balloon-tipped right heart catheterization were performed. Inhaled NO, IV nitroprusside, and sublingual nifedipine were administered sequentially while patients breathed > 90% oxygen.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cardiac catheterization laboratory in a tertiary care teaching hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fourteen patients with severe pulmonary hypertension unrelated to left ventricular dysfunction.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During NO inhalation, mean systemic arterial pressure (MAP) was unchanged, but pulmonary artery (PA) pressure ([mean +/- SEM] 49 +/- 2 mm Hg vs 44 +/- 2 mm Hg; p < 0.01), pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR; 829 +/- 68 vs 669 +/- 64 dyne x s x cm(-5); p < 0.01) and RV end-diastolic pressure (RVEDP; 12 +/- 1 vs 10 +/- 1 mm Hg; p < 0.01) decreased. Stroke volume index (SVI; 31 +/- 2 vs 35 +/- 3 mL/m(2); p < 0.05) increased, and the first derivative of RV pressure at 15 mm Hg developed pressure (RV +dP/dt at DP15) was unchanged. During nitroprusside administration, MAP decreased (105 +/- 5 vs 76 +/- 5 mm Hg; p < 0.01), PA was unchanged (48 +/- 2 vs 45 +/- 3 mm Hg; p = not significant), and PVR decreased (791 +/- 53 vs 665 +/- 53 dyne x s x cm(-5); p < 0.01). RV +dP/dt at DP15 increased (425 +/- 22 vs 465 +/- 29 mm Hg/s; p < 0.05), but SVI was unchanged. Nifedipine decreased MAP (103 +/- 5 vs 94 +/- 5 mm Hg; p < 0.01), PA and PVR were unchanged, RVEDP increased (12 +/- 1 vs 14 +/- 2 mm Hg; p < 0.01), and RV +dP/dt at DP15 decreased (432 +/- 90 vs 389 +/- 21 mm Hg/s; p < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Inhaled NO is a selective pulmonary vasodilator in patients with chronic pulmonary hypertension that improves cardiac performance without altering RV contractility. Nitroprusside caused a similar degree of pulmonary vasodilation. In contrast to inhaled NO, nitroprusside caused systemic hypotension associated with an increase in RV contractility. Acute administration of nifedipine did not cause pulmonary vasodilation, but RVEDP increased and RV contractility decreased.
authors.affiliation: Pulmonary and Critical Care Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA. bcockrill@partners.org
authors.forename: B A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Cockrill
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Kacmarek
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Fifer
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Bigatello
authors.forename: L C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Ginns
authors.forename: W M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Zapol
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Semigran
mesh_terms: D000280:Administration, Inhalation; D000286:Administration, Sublingual; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D006976:Hypertension, Pulmonary / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009200:Myocardial Contraction / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D009543:Nifedipine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D009599:Nitroprusside / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D011669:Pulmonary Wedge Pressure / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D014664:Vasodilation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D016278:Ventricular Function, Right / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D009599:Nitroprusside; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D009543:Nifedipine