title: Effects of Trypanosoma vivax on pregnancy of Yankasa sheep and the results of homidum chloride chemotherapy.
abstract: Three groups of pregnant Yankasa ewes, made up of six ewes in each group were assigned at random to first, second and third trimester of pregnancy studies. The ewes were experimentally infected with T. vivax to study the effects of the infection on pregnancy and the results of Novidium Chemotherapy. Three pregnant uninfected ewes served as controls. Fourteen days post infection, the ewes in each trimester study, were paired by weight and assigned to two groups of three ewes each. One group was treated with Novidium while the other group remained untreated. Of the three ewes in each group, one ewe was killed humanely at 21 days post infection and another at the end of the trimester period. In the first trimester, a ewe with partial fetal resorption was observed among the untreated ewes. Fetal death in-utero and expulsion of an autolyzed fetus was observed among the treated ewes. In the second trimester, abortion and almost complete fetal resorption were observed among the untreated ewes. Fetal death in-utero and expulsion of an autolyzed fetus was observed among the treated ewes. In the third trimester, abortions were observed among the untreated ewes. Abortion of a live fetus and a case of dystocia were observed among the treated ewes. Ewes in the second and third trimesters of pregnancy were more susceptible to the infection, with ewes in the third trimester being most susceptible, as measured by the number of abortions and death of ewes. Fetuses from the untreated ewes in the three trimesters of pregnancy were lower in body weights, than the fetuses from the treated ewes. The uninfected control ewes carried the pregnancies to term. Novidium chemotherapy at 14 days post infection was not beneficial in ameliorating the pathogenicity of T. vivax infection on pregnancy in Yankasa ewes. T. vivax infection of only 14 days was enough to cause irreversible pathology in Yankasa fetuses evidenced by death of fetuses in-utero, dystocia and abortions irrespective of Novidium chemotherapy.
authors.affiliation: National Animal Production Research Institute, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria.
authors.forename: E K
authors.initials: EK
authors.lastname: Bawa
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ogwu
authors.forename: V O
authors.initials: VO
authors.lastname: Sekoni
authors.forename: E O
authors.initials: EO
authors.lastname: Oyedipe
authors.forename: K A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Esievo
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Kambai
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004996:Ethidium / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D005327:Fetal Resorption / Q000469:parasitology; D020567:Fetal Weight; D005865:Gestational Age; D011247:Pregnancy; D015597:Pregnancy Complications, Parasitic / Q000662:veterinary*; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome / Q000662:veterinary; D012756:Sheep / Q000469:parasitology*; D014344:Trypanocidal Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016689:Trypanosoma vivax; D014353:Trypanosomiasis, African / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000662:veterinary*
chemical_list: D014344:Trypanocidal Agents; D004996:Ethidium