title: Acute exposure to caffeine selectively disrupts context conditioning in rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Acute caffeine administration has both beneficial and adverse effects on learning and memory; however, the brain regions underlying these effects remain unclear. Several experiments were conducted to examine the effects of acutely administered caffeine on the acquisition and expression of hippocampal-dependent and hippocampal-independent forms of conditioned fear.
  
  
  METHODS
  In the first experiment, caffeine (10, 20, or 30 mg/kg; IP) or vehicle was administered to rats 15 min prior to classical fear conditioning, which consisted of ten tone-shock pairings. Freezing to the conditioning context was measured 24 h later, whereas tone-elicited fear was measured 48 h later. A second experiment examined possible state-dependent effects of caffeine by administering caffeine (30 mg/kg) or vehicle 15 min before conditioning and before testing.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Pretreatment of acute caffeine severely impaired the acquisition of context conditioning, a hippocampal-dependent task. Tone conditioning, a hippocampal-independent task, was only modestly and non-significantly affected by caffeine (4-21% suppression compared with controls). The disruption of context conditioning was dose-dependent: 10 mg/kg had little effect on context or tone conditioning, whereas doses of 20 and 30 mg/kg caffeine severely disrupted context conditioning (73-87% suppression). In two subsequent experiments, it was found that caffeine's selective disruption of context conditioning could not be attributed to the fact that it is a weaker form of learning than tone conditioning or to state-dependent learning.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Considered together, these results suggest that acute administration of caffeine may preferentially disrupt the acquisition of hippocampal-dependent learning, including context conditioning.
authors.affiliation: School of Sciences, Psychology Program, Lynchburg College, VA 24501-3199, USA. Corodimas_k@mail.lynchburg.edu
authors.forename: K P
authors.initials: KP
authors.lastname: Corodimas
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Pruitt
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Stieg
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002110:Caffeine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003213:Conditioning, Psychological / Q000187:drug effects*; D006185:Habituation, Psychophysiologic / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D008568:Memory / Q000187:drug effects*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley
chemical_list: D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants; D002110:Caffeine