title: The cerebral neurobiology of anxiety, anxiety displacement, and anxiety denial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Previous studies examining the relationship of anxiety scores, derived from the content analysis of speech of normal individuals, have revealed that the anxiety scores occurring in the dreams associated with rapid eye movement (REM) sleep are significantly correlated with localized cerebral glucose metabolic rates assessed by positron emission tomography (PET) scanning. These significant intercorrelations occur in different cerebral areas when the anxiety scores are obtained from mental experiences reported during non-REM sleep or during wakeful silent mentation.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of the present study was to examine the intercorrelations found between anxiety attributed to the self, anxiety-displacement, and anxiety denial measured from computerized content analysis of 5-min verbal reports of subjective thoughts and feelings obtained from wakeful normal subjects and localized cerebral glucose metabolic rates during PET scanning.
  
  
  METHODS
  The subjects were 10 wakeful young males. Their anxiety scores were derived from computerized content analysis of 5-min reports they gave of their subjective thoughts, feelings and fantasies during a 30-min period following an intravenous injection of F D-deoxyglucose (FDG). The subjects were moved 32--45 min after this injection to obtain a PET scan, which records all of the localized cerebral glucose metabolic rates during the 30 min following the FDG injection.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Significant intercorrelations of localized cerebral glucose metabolic rates with the scores of self-anxiety, anxiety displacement, and anxiety-denial were found in dissimilar cerebral locations depending on the type of anxiety involved. The significant correlations occurred in brain regions known to be associated with the functions of emotions, cognition, memory, and vision.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Specific combinations of cerebral areas, based on glucose metabolic rates, appear to distinguish and be associated with different verbal expressions of anxiety. Replication of this preliminary research will be carried out.
authors.affiliation: The Brain Imaging Center, Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, College of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA. lgottsch@uci.edu
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Gottschalk
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fronczek
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Abel
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Buchsbaum
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Fallon
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001007:Anxiety / Q000378:metabolism*; D001921:Brain / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism*; D003717:Denial, Psychological; D004208:Displacement, Psychological; D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D012016:Reference Values; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D014055:Tomography, Emission-Computed / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; D005947:Glucose