title: Combination of a brief irrigation with tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI) and adenovirus-mediated local TFPI gene transfer additively reduces neointima formation in balloon-injured rabbit carotid arteries.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI) is a physiological antagonist of TF. We tested whether a brief irrigation with TFPI protein (rTFPI) or TFPI gene transfer into injured arteries would suppress TF activity and reduce fibroproliferative changes and investigated whether a combination of these methods would show an additive effect.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We prepared adenoviruses expressing either TFPI (AdTFPI) or bacterial ss-galactosidase (AdLacZ). Rabbit carotid arteries were balloon-injured and either infected with AdTFPI (or AdLacZ) or irrigated briefly with rTFPI (or saline). After injury, TF activity in arteries increased and was sustained; however, it was suppressed during the initial 24 hours by rTFPI irrigation (but not by gene transfer) and for a substantial period of time by TFPI gene transfer (but not by rTFPI irrigation). Four weeks later, the ratio of the intimal to medial areas was 34.3+/-8.7% (mean+/-SD, n=14) in saline-treated arteries and 33.3+/-4.2% in AdLacZ-infected arteries (P:=NS versus saline). However, it was reduced to 25.5+/-8.5% in rTFPI-irrigated arteries (P:<0.01 versus saline) and to 20.7+/-5.3% in AdTFPI-infected arteries (P:<0.01 versus AdLacZ). With a combination of irrigation and gene transfer, the ratio was further reduced to 12.6+/-4.7% (P:<0.01 versus rTFPI, P:<0.05 versus AdTFPI). Systemic coagulation status was not affected in these animals.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A combination of rTFPI irrigation and TFPI gene transfer overcomes the shortcomings shown by each method when used alone and achieves a full coverage of TF activity suppression, thereby enhancing their therapeutic effects without systemic side effects. This combination may be an effective strategy for the prevention of thrombosis and proliferative changes after angioplasty in humans.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Atsuchi
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nishida
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Marutsuka
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Asada
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kamikubo
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Takeshita
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ueno
mesh_terms: D000256:Adenoviridae / Q000235:genetics; D000818:Animals; D002339:Carotid Arteries / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D020212:Carotid Artery Injuries / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D002404:Catheterization / Q000009:adverse effects; D005337:Fibrin / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D018014:Gene Transfer Techniques; D005822:Genetic Vectors / Q000235:genetics; D008074:Lipoproteins / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D010314:Partial Thromboplastin Time; D010974:Platelet Aggregation / Q000187:drug effects; D011517:Prothrombin Time; D011817:Rabbits; D007507:Therapeutic Irrigation; D013925:Thromboplastin / Q000378:metabolism; D017539:Tunica Intima / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D008074:Lipoproteins; C051928:lipoprotein-associated coagulation inhibitor; D005337:Fibrin; D013925:Thromboplastin