title: Arsenic trioxide-mediated cytotoxicity and apoptosis in prostate and ovarian carcinoma cell lines.
abstract: We studied the effect of arsenic trioxide (As2O3) on prostate and ovarian carcinoma cell lines. As2O3 has been shown to be effective in leukemia, and acute promyelocytic leukemia in particular, both in vitro and in vivo. As model cell lines, we used DU145 and PC-3 for prostate cancer and MDAH 2774 for ovarian cancer. New modalities of treatment are essential in these kinds of cancers, which produce a high death toll. The 3-(4,5-dimethyl-thiazoyl-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide assay was used to evaluate cytotoxicity. Flow cytometric analysis and mono-oligo nucleosome detection-based ELISA were used to determine the apoptosis. Isobologram analysis was used to evaluate synergism and/or the additive effects of As2O3 and conventional chemotherapeutic agents. We clearly demonstrated that As2O3 has significant cytotoxic effect on both prostate and ovarian carcinoma cell lines. The dose range of As2O3 in all three cell lines was approximately 10(-6) M. The mechanism underlying cytotoxicity of As2O3 was shown to be apoptosis. The experiments by butylated hydroxyanisole showed that the cytotoxic effect of As2O3 was not through superoxide generation. There was no synergism, but the additive effects of As2O3 were demonstrated with cisplatin, adriamycin, and etoposide. We strongly suggest that As2O3 alone or in combination with conventional chemotherapeutic agents be evaluated further as a new agent for the treatment of prostate and ovarian cancers.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Oncology, Ege University School of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey. uslu@alpha.med.ege.edu.tr
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Uslu
authors.forename: U A
authors.initials: UA
authors.lastname: Sanli
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sezgin
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Karabulut
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Terzioglu
authors.forename: S B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Omay
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Goker
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D000077237:Arsenic Trioxide; D001152:Arsenicals / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002083:Butylated Hydroxyanisole / Q000378:metabolism; D002273:Carcinogens; D002945:Cisplatin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D053938:DNA Fragmentation / Q000187:drug effects; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004317:Doxorubicin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005047:Etoposide / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005260:Female; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010051:Ovarian Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy*; D010087:Oxides / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy*; D013778:Tetrazolium Salts / Q000378:metabolism; D013844:Thiazoles / Q000378:metabolism; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D000975:Antioxidants; D001152:Arsenicals; D002273:Carcinogens; D010087:Oxides; D013778:Tetrazolium Salts; D013844:Thiazoles; D002083:Butylated Hydroxyanisole; D005047:Etoposide; D004317:Doxorubicin; C022616:thiazolyl blue; D002945:Cisplatin; D000077237:Arsenic Trioxide