title: Visual function thresholds in children.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the present study was to establish a range of values for individual visual function measurements in Primary 1 schoolchildren.
  
  
  METHODS
  93 visually normal children with a mean age of 5.4 +/- 0.3 years were recruited with parental consent. Measures of visual acuity obtained included 1) High Contrast (CAT) 2) Low Contrast (LC) 3) Single Letter (SLA) and 4) Repeat Letter Acuity (RRL). These measurements were randomised and obtained during the same visit. Hyperacuity thresholds were obtained at a separate visit, using both Vernier and oscillatory motion displacement stimuli (OMDT). Re-test data for all tests was collected from a random sample of 30 children after a period of at least two weeks.
  
  
  RESULTS
  For all measures the distribution of scores was found to be normal. All visual acuity scores are in log units. Mean ( +/- SD) values for each test were as follows; CAT = 0.11 +/- 0.07; LC = 0.38 +/- 0.08; RRL = 0.04 +/- 0.07; SLA = -0.02 +/- 0.09; Vernier threshold = 69 +/- 21 arcsec; OMDT = 60 +/- 9 arc sec. The confidence limits of the test-retest discrepancies were as follows; CAT = +/- 0.05; LC = +/- 0.07; RRL = +/- 0.04; SLA = +/- 0.04; Vernier = +/- 17 arcsec; OMDT = +/- 6 arcsec. The confidence limits of the interocular discrepancies were as follows; CAT = +/- 0.08; LC = +/- 0.08; RRL = +/- 0.08; SLA = +/- 0.11; Vernier = +/- 14 arcsec; OMDT = +/- 11 arcsec.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  To fully describe an individual's visual capacity it is important that new tests of visual function are developed based on emerging knowledge of visual physiology. In this study confidence limits can be constructed for each visual function measure, test-retest and interocular discrepancies using the normal distributions found above. This will provide the clinician with further age-matched values and contribute to our understanding of functional visual development.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Visual Perception Unit, University of Essex, Colchester, UK. anitas@essex.ac.uk
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Simmers
authors.forename: L S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Gray
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Winn
mesh_terms: D002675:Child, Preschool; D006801:Humans; D010775:Photic Stimulation / Q000379:methods; D012016:Reference Values; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012684:Sensory Thresholds; D014787:Vision Tests; D014785:Vision, Ocular / Q000502:physiology*; D014792:Visual Acuity