title: Detection, treatment and outcome of axillary recurrence after axillary clearance for invasive breast cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim was to gain insight into the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of axillary recurrence after axillary clearance for invasive breast cancer in a large patient series.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between 1984 and 1994, 4669 patients with invasive breast cancer underwent axillary clearance in eight community hospitals in the south-eastern part of the Netherlands. Using follow-up data in a population-based cancer registry, 59 patients with axillary recurrence were identified.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The median interval between treatment of the primary tumour and the diagnosis of axillary recurrence was 2.6 (range 0.3-10.7) years. In 51 patients (86 per cent), axillary recurrence was found by palpation during routine follow-up. Surgery was part of the treatment of recurrence for 41 of 59 patients. Regional control (complete eradication of axillary recurrence) was achieved in 34 patients (58 per cent). The 5-year actuarial survival rate was 39 (95 per cent confidence interval 25-53) per cent. Patients with negative axillary lymph nodes at the time of diagnosis of the primary tumour and complete eradication of axillary recurrence had the best prognosis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients with axillary recurrence had a poor prognosis, except when complete eradication was achieved and axillary lymph nodes were negative at the time of diagnosis of the primary tumour.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, University of Maastricht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: de Boer
authors.forename: H F
authors.initials: HF
authors.lastname: Hillen
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Roumen
authors.forename: H J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Rutten
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: van der Sangen
authors.forename: A C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Voogd
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001365:Axilla; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008197:Lymph Node Excision; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis / Q000175:diagnosis; D008875:Middle Aged; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness / Q000175:diagnosis; D016019:Survival Analysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome