title: p21 and parathyroid hormone-related peptide in the growth plate.
abstract: It is essential for terminal chondrocytes to die before the conversion of calcified cartilage to bone. We have previously demonstrated that apoptosis occurred in the terminal hypertrophic chondrocyte of the growth plate. However, the essential mechanism by which the differentiation of chondrocytes is regulated has not yet been characterized. The purpose of this study was to investigate the mechanism for regulating chondrocyte differentiation. We focused on PTHrP and p21 which regulated the differentiation of chondrocytes and investigated how these factors interacted with each other in chondrocyte differentiation in the growth plate. PTHrP was strongly positive on immunostaining at the interface between the proliferating and the upper zone of the hypertrophic chondrocytes, whereas p21 was negative. On the other hand, p21 was positive in the lower zone of hypertrophic chondrocytes. Furthermore, PTHrP up-regulated the cell proliferation and down-regulated the expression of the p21 messengers in SW-1353 chondrosarcoma cells. These findings indicated that PTHrP might be a negative regulator for p21 in the differentiation of chondrocytes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kurume University School of Medicine, 67 Asahi-machi, Kurume, 830-0011, Japan.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zenmyo
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Komiya
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hamada
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hiraoka
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Inoue
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D019902:Chondrocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D050759:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21; D018844:Cyclin-Dependent Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D016213:Cyclins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects; D006132:Growth Plate / Q000378:metabolism*; D044162:Parathyroid Hormone-Related Protein; D011506:Proteins / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D013552:Swine; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D050759:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21; D016213:Cyclins; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D044162:Parathyroid Hormone-Related Protein; D011506:Proteins; D018844:Cyclin-Dependent Kinases