title: Association of the apolipoprotein E gene with age-related macular degeneration: possible effect modification by family history, age, and gender.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a complex disorder affecting older adults in which genetic factors are likely to play a role. It has been previously suggested that the e4 allele of the apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene may have a protective effect on AMD risk and that the e2 allele may increase disease risk. The purpose of our study was to examine whether an independent data set would support the proposed role of APOE in AMD etiology.
  
  
  METHODS
  We compared AMD cases (n=230) to controls (n=372) with respect to APOE genotypes using c2 tests and logistic regression analysis. We also conducted separate analyses for familial (n=129) and sporadic (n=101) AMD cases since these groups may have a different disease etiology.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We did not find evidence for the risk-increasing effect attributed to the e2 allele in either familial or sporadic AMD. No evidence for a protective effect of the e4 allele was obtained for sporadic AMD. The age- and sex-adjusted odds ratio (OR) for e4 carriers among familial AMD cases compared to controls was 0.66 (95% confidence interval: 0.38-1.12, p=0.13). In the subgroup of individuals younger than 70 years of age, an OR of 0.24 (95% confidence interval: 0.08-0.72, p=0.004) was obtained.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data modestly support a protective effect of the APOE-e4 allele on AMD risk, but emphasize the need to investigate more thoroughly whether the effect could be restricted to cases with a family history of AMD and whether it varies across age and sex groups.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine and Center for Human Genetics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA. sschmidt@chg.mc.duke.edu
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Schmidt
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Saunders
authors.lastname: De La Paz MA
authors.forename: E A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Postel
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Heinis
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Agarwal
authors.forename: W K
authors.initials: WK
authors.lastname: Scott
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Gilbert
authors.forename: J G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: McDowell
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bazyk
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Gass
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Haines
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Pericak-Vance
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000483:Alleles; D001057:Apolipoproteins E / Q000235:genetics*; D004247:DNA / Q000032:analysis; D005192:Family Health; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D008268:Macular Degeneration / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors
chemical_list: D001057:Apolipoproteins E; D004247:DNA