title: Promoting early detection of breast cancer among Vietnamese-American women. Results of a controlled trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although breast cancer is the second most common cancer among Vietnamese-American women, previous research has shown that they are less likely to have ever had, and to be more often overdue for, clinical breast examinations (CBE) and mammograms than women in the general population.
  
  
  METHODS
  Over a 2.5-year period, the following intervention activities were targeted at both Vietnamese women and physicians in Alameda County, California: neighborhood-based educational activities; dissemination of health education materials; a media campaign; and continuing medical education seminars for physicians. Women in Los Angeles and Orange Counties served as controls. Preintervention telephone interviews were conducted with 384 randomly selected Vietnamese women in the intervention community and 404 women in the control community in 1996, and post-test intervention interviews were conducted with 405 and 402 women, respectively, in 1998.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Multiple logistic regression analyses of postintervention surveys showed the intervention community women at posttest were no more likely to recognize, receive, plan, or be up-to-date for CBE or mammograms than women in the control community. However, women who reported greater exposure to the various intervention elements were significantly more likely to have heard of, have had, and to plan CBE and mammograms than women with less exposure.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although the effect on the women in the intervention group was not significant, the intervention did have a modest positive impact on women who had more exposure to it.
authors.affiliation: "Suc Khoe La Vang (Health Is Gold)," Vietnamese Community Health Promotion Project, Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California 94102, USA. thoa@itsa.ucsf.edu
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nguyen
authors.forename: P H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Vo
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: McPhee
authors.forename: C N
authors.initials: CN
authors.lastname: Jenkins
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001213:Asian; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000523:psychology; D003144:Communication Barriers; D003153:Community Health Services / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D006293:Health Promotion; D006801:Humans; D008327:Mammography; D008402:Mass Media; D008403:Mass Screening; D008875:Middle Aged; D010353:Patient Education as Topic; D010817:Physician-Patient Relations; D014744:Vietnam / Q000208:ethnology