title: Raised blast glutathione levels are associated with an increased risk of relapse in childhood acute lymphocytic leukemia.
abstract: A preliminary study has linked raised blast glutathione levels with chemoresistance in acute myeloid and lymphoblastic leukemia in adults and children. In this study, therefore, the relationship between leukemic blast glutathione levels and prognosis in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) was investigated. A total of 77 childhood ALL samples were analyzed, 62 at initial presentation and 15 at relapse. A 20-fold interindividual variation in glutathione levels at presentation (median, 6.54 nmol/mg protein; range, 1.37 to 27.9) was demonstrated. The median level in T-lineage ALL was 2. 3-fold higher than in B-lineage ALL (Mann-Whitney test, P <.0001). There was a significant correlation between presenting white cell count (WBC) and glutathione level (Spearman rank correlation coefficient, rho = 0.45, P =.001). A high DNA index correlated with low glutathione levels (Mann-Whitney test, P =.013). There was no significant relationship between glutathione levels and in vitro drug sensitivity. Patients with glutathione levels above the median had a significantly greater risk of relapse (log-rank test statistic, 5.55; P =.018), and the overall survival rate was significantly reduced (log-rank test statistic, 4.38; P =.04). Multivariate analysis demonstrated that glutathione concentration was of independent prognostic value when assessed in conjunction with age, gender, WBC, and immunophenotype. The association of elevated blast glutathione levels with an increased risk of relapse suggests that glutathione-depleting agents may be of therapeutic value in patients who present with a high WBC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatric Oncology, University of Newcastle, and the Medical School, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: P R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Kearns
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pieters
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Rottier
authors.forename: A D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Pearson
authors.forename: A G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Hall
mesh_terms: D000206:Actuarial Analysis; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001773:Blood Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D001854:Bone Marrow Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D002051:Burkitt Lymphoma / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D004354:Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor; D005260:Female; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D020128:Inhibitory Concentration 50; D015459:Leukemia-Lymphoma, Adult T-Cell / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D054198:Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D011379:Prognosis; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012307:Risk Factors; D015996:Survival Rate; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D005978:Glutathione