Imaging residue transfer into egg yolks.
Prediction models for residue transfer into eggs are being developed. Recent results indicate that the developing egg yolk serves as an important storage depot for chemical residues. The current study was conducted to visualize incorporation and potential compartmentalization of drug residues in developing egg yolks. To this end, the drug magnevist was injected into hens to evaluate drug transfer into either early- or late-developing yolks. High-resolution magnetic resonance images (MRI) of drug residues in eggs were acquired using a 1.5 T Siemens Magnetom clinical scanner. A 10-cm circular surface coil was used for receiving the magnetic resonance signal. The eggs were positioned inside the coil cavity for an improved signal to noise ratio (SNR). Gradient-echo images were used to locate the centers of the eggs and to prescribe the position of the high-resolution image slab. The images were recorded using an inversion time (T1) weighted magnetization-prepared, rapid acquisition, gradient-recalled-echo (MPRAGE) pulse sequence. The sequence parameters used were as follows: repetition time (TR) equals 12 ms, echo time (TE) equals 5 ms, field of view (FOV) equals 200, TI = 10 ms, 1.25-mm slice thickness, and a matrix of 200 x 256. Following dosing, images of drug residues in eggs indicate that drugs can be incorporated and compartmentalized into ring structures within individual developing egg yolks. These results have significant human food safety implications because even after only a single dose, sequestered drug residues may be stored and later released to contaminate eggs for days to weeks after dosing.
Donoghue
D J
DJ
Division of Animal Research, Center for Veterinary Medicine, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, Maryland 20708, USA. ddonoghue@comp.uark.edu
Myers
K
K
D000818:Animals; D002645:Chickens; D004350:Drug Residues / Q000032:analysis*; D004530:Egg Yolk / Q000737:chemistry*; D005260:Female; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008954:Models, Biological; D012449:Safety; D013997:Time Factors