title: Triple marker screening for trisomy 21, trisomy 18 and open neural tube defects in singleton pregnancies of native Japanese pregnant women.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To report the results of prenatal triple marker screening on a population of Japanese pregnant women.
  
  
  METHODS
  From April 1994 through March 1999, a total of 32,925 native Japanese women with singleton pregnancies requested a triple marker-screening test. Multiples of the median values for 3 markers and individual risks for each patient were calculated following adjustment for the Japanese weight correction factor. The risk cut-off values used for Down syndrome (T21), open spina bifida (OSB) and trisomy 18 (T18) were 1: 295, 1: 290, and 1: 100, respectively. Follow-up information was collected postpartum and statistically analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Detection rates (DR) of T21 for women less than 35 years, over 35 years and overall were 58, 94, and 83%, respectively. DR of T18 for women less than 35 years, over 35 years and overall were 75, 79, and 79%, respectively. DR of open neural tube defects (ONTD) was 100%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The first cumulative data of an intervention program and prospective follow-up studies in Japan have proven to be similar to other published reports. Individual risk values were calculated for each pregnancy for T21, T18 and ONTD. This screening program is more effective than age-dependent screening for detecting T21, T18 and ONTD pregnancies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
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authors.lastname: Onda
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authors.lastname: Tanaka
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authors.lastname: Yoshida
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authors.lastname: Nakamura
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authors.lastname: Yamamoto
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authors.lastname: Yanagida
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authors.lastname: Takai
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authors.lastname: Uemura
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authors.lastname: Hoshi
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authors.lastname: Fukada
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authors.lastname: Miyake
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ohnishi
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kaneoka
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authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Makino
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authors.lastname: Murata
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authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kanzaki
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kanzaki
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authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Osaki
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authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Aono
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Maeda
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ogita
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yamamasu
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Aso
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shimizu
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Izutsu
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kudo
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Okai
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sakai
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hashimoto
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Matsuzaki
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kitagawa
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sago
authors.forename: R E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Grier
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Myrick
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shimizu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000649:Amniocentesis; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood*; D006063:Chorionic Gonadotropin / Q000097:blood; D002887:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 18; D000013:Congenital Abnormalities / Q000175:diagnosis; D004314:Down Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis*; D004964:Estriol / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D008423:Maternal Age; D009436:Neural Tube Defects / Q000175:diagnosis*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011296:Prenatal Diagnosis / Q000379:methods*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014314:Trisomy; D000509:alpha-Fetoproteins / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D006063:Chorionic Gonadotropin; D000509:alpha-Fetoproteins; D004964:Estriol