title: Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion therapy for children and adolescents: an option for routine diabetes care.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to determine the feasibility of continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) (insulin pump) therapy in routine pediatric diabetes care by comparing the HbA(1c), body mass index (BMI), and hypoglycemic episodes before and after initiation of CSII therapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data from 56 patients (7-23 years old) were collected during regularly scheduled visits at a frequency similar to non-CSII patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The data were analyzed for the entire cohort and 3 subgroups (decreased, stable, or increased HbA(1c)) stratified according to a >/=0.5% change in HbA(1c). The total cohort demonstrated a decrease in HbA(1c) from 8.5% to 8.3%. The decreased cohort (39.4% of the total cohort) demonstrated a significant decrease in HbA(1c) from 8.6% to 7.6%. The mean HbA(1c) of the stable cohort (41.0%) was 8.7%. The increased cohort (19.6%) had an increase in HbA(1c) from 7.8% to 8.8%. Thirty-six patients (64.3%) maintained or achieved a HbA(1c) <8.0% or achieved a HbA(1c) at least 1% lower than their pre-CSII level. Of concern, 6 patients (10.7%) demonstrated a clinically significant increase in HbA(1c) from 8.3% to 9.6%. For the entire cohort, the rate of severe hypoglycemia before and on CSII therapy was 12.3 and 9.5 events per 100 patient-years, respectively. A statistically significant proportion of patients reported a decrease in seizure frequency versus an increase (17.9% vs 1.8%) as well as a decrease in overall hypoglycemic frequency versus an increase (41.1% vs 17.9%). There was not a clinically significant increase in BMI, even in the decreased HbA(1c) cohort.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CSII therapy is an appropriate option for some children in routine pediatric diabetes care. It can effectively decrease the HbA(1c) and reduce hypoglycemic episodes, without producing an abnormal increase in BMI.
authors.affiliation: Barbara Davis Center for Childhood Diabetes, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, Colorado 80262, USA.
authors.forename: A K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Maniatis
authors.forename: G J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Klingensmith
authors.forename: R H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Slover
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Mowry
authors.forename: H P
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: Chase
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002648:Child; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy*; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis*; D006801:Humans; D007003:Hypoglycemia / Q000517:prevention & control; D007332:Insulin Infusion Systems / Q000009:adverse effects; D012640:Seizures / Q000517:prevention & control
chemical_list: D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin