title: Kainate receptor activation induces mixed lineage kinase-mediated cellular signaling cascades via post-synaptic density protein 95.
abstract: Kainate receptor glutamate receptor 6 (GluR6) subunit-deficient and c-Jun N-terminal kinase 3 (JNK3)-null mice share similar phenotypes including resistance to kainite-induced epileptic seizures and neuronal toxicity (Yang, D. D., Kuan, C-Y., Whitmarsh, A. J., Rincon, M., Zheng, T. S., Davis, R. J., Rakis, P., and Flavell, R. (1997) Nature 389, 865-869; Mulle, C., Seiler, A., Perez-Otano, I., Dickinson-Anson, H., Castillo, P. E., Bureau, I., Maron, C., Gage, F. H., Mann, J. R., Bettler, B., and Heinemmann, S. F. (1998) Nature 392, 601-605). This suggests that JNK activation may be involved in GluR6-mediated excitotoxicity. We provide evidence that post-synaptic density protein (PSD-95) links GluR6 to JNK activation by anchoring mixed lineage kinase (MLK) 2 or MLK3, upstream activators of JNKs, to the receptor complex. Association of MLK2 and MLK3 with PSD-95 in HN33 cells and rat brain preparations is dependent upon the SH3 domain of PSD-95, and expression of GluR6 in HN33 cells activated JNKs and induced neuronal apoptosis. Deletion of the PSD-95-binding site of GluR6 reduced both JNK activation and neuronal toxicity. Co-expression of dominant negative MLK2, MLK3, or mitogen-activated kinase kinase (MKK) 4 and MKK7 also significantly attenuated JNK activation and neuronal toxicity mediated by GluR6, and co-expression of PSD-95 with a deficient Src homology 3 domain also inhibited GluR6-induced JNK activation and neuronal toxicity. Our results suggest that PSD-95 plays a critical role in GluR6-mediated JNK activation and excitotoxicity by anchoring MLK to the receptor complex.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Savinainen
authors.forename: E P
authors.initials: EP
authors.lastname: Garcia
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Dorow
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Marshall
authors.forename: Y F
authors.initials: YF
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000076122:Disks Large Homolog 4 Protein; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D048031:JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D048670:MAP Kinase Kinase 4; D020930:MAP Kinase Kinase Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D020935:MAP Kinase Signaling System; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D020929:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D009474:Neurons / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D018092:Kainic Acid Receptors / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction; D000097767:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinase Kinase 11
chemical_list: D000076122:Disks Large Homolog 4 Protein; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D048031:JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D048670:MAP Kinase Kinase 4; D020930:MAP Kinase Kinase Kinases; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D020929:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D018092:Kainic Acid Receptors; D000097767:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinase Kinase 11; C501449:Dlg4 protein, rat; C033652:postsynaptic density proteins