title: Resistance exercise decreases skeletal muscle tumor necrosis factor alpha in frail elderly humans.
abstract: Skeletal muscle protein and function decline with advancing age but the underlying pathophysiology is poorly understood. To test the hypothesis that the catabolic cytokine tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) contributes to this process, we studied the effects of aging and resistance exercise on TNF-alpha expression in human muscle. Using in situ hybridization, TNF-alpha message was localized to myocytes in sections of skeletal muscle from elderly humans. Both TNF-alpha mRNA and protein levels were elevated in skeletal muscle from frail elderly (81+/-1 year) as compared to healthy young (23+/-1 year) men and women. To determine whether resistance exercise affects TNF-alpha expression, frail elderly men and women were randomly assigned to a training group or to a nonexercising control group. Muscle biopsies were performed before and after 3 months. Muscle TNF-alpha mRNA and protein levels decreased in the exercise group but did not change in the control group. Muscle protein synthesis rate in the exercise group was inversely related to levels of TNF-alpha protein. These data suggest that TNF-alpha contributes to age-associated muscle wasting and that resistance exercise may attenuate this process by suppressing skeletal muscle TNF-alpha expression.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Claude D. Pepper Older Americans Independence Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA.
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Greiwe
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: D C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Rubin
authors.forename: K E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Yarasheski
authors.forename: C F
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Semenkovich
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D015444:Exercise; D005260:Female; D016330:Frail Elderly; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D017403:In Situ Hybridization; D008297:Male; D024510:Muscle Development; D009124:Muscle Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology*; D014176:Protein Biosynthesis; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D013997:Time Factors; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D009124:Muscle Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha