title: Effect of long-term feed restriction on seasonal endocrine changes in soay sheep.
abstract: Groups of 15 adult, castrated, male Soay sheep were housed under natural daylength conditions at 57 degrees N and fed a complete diet ad libitum (AL) or at a restricted rate (R) of 35 g dry matter (DM)/kg(0.75) initial liveweight per day. The diet was based on barley and dried grass pellets and contained an estimated 11.6 MJ of metabolisable energy, 83% DM and 140 g crude protein/kg DM. In the AL animals, higher levels of feed intake during the periods of long daylength were associated with shorter inter-meal intervals (p<0. 001), a greater meal frequency (p<0.001), and a greater proportion of time spent eating (p<0.001) together with a greater rate of feed ingestion (p<0.001) and an increased meal size (p<0.001). Mean plasma concentrations of insulin, prolactin, insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), triiodothyronine (T(3)), and thyroxine (T(4)) were higher (p<0.001) in the spring or summer than in the autumn. Mean plasma GH concentrations did not differ with month. Compared with R animals, AL animals had higher mean plasma concentrations of insulin (p<0.001), prolactin (p<0.01), T(3) (p<0.01), and T(4) (p<0.01). Plasma GH and IGF-1 concentrations did not differ significantly with treatment. There was a greater increase in plasma insulin concentrations following feeding in R than AL animals (p<0.001) owing to higher pre-feeding concentrations in AL animals and the ingestion of larger amounts of feed by R than AL animals in the period after fresh feed was introduced. There were significant differences between months in this response, in R animals (p<0.01). Mean CSF insulin concentrations were significantly higher in AL than R animals (p<0.05) but were not affected by month. Neither was there a difference between pre-feeding concentrations and concentrations at approximately 12 h after feeding. It is concluded that the differences in the response of plasma insulin concentrations to feeding at different times of year, which were detected in R animals, were attributable, primarily, to differences in the vagally-induced insulin response to feeding and that these differences may provide important feedback signals to the appetite centre.
authors.affiliation: Macaulay Land Use Research Institute, Craigiebuckler, Aberdeen AB15 8QH, UK. s.rhind@mluri.sari.ac.uk
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Rhind
authors.forename: S R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: McMillen
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Duff
authors.forename: C E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Kyle
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wright
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D001835:Body Weight; D002940:Circadian Rhythm; D004435:Eating / Q000502:physiology; D004702:Endocrine Glands / Q000502:physiology*; D005508:Food Deprivation; D005947:Glucose / Q000494:pharmacology; D013006:Growth Hormone / Q000097:blood; D006728:Hormones / Q000097:blood; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid; D008297:Male; D012621:Seasons; D012756:Sheep; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D006728:Hormones; D007328:Insulin; D013006:Growth Hormone; D005947:Glucose