title: Occurrence of fumonisins and moniliformin in corn and corn-based food products of U.S. origin.
abstract: Food-grade corn and corn-based food products intended for human consumption were analyzed for the incidence and levels of fumonisin B1 (FB1), fumonisin B2 (FB2), moniliformin, and Fusarium molds. A total of 100 food-grade commercial corn samples were obtained from two corn processing companies at five different locations in the United States. Seventy-one percent of the samples contained FB1 with concentrations ranging from 43 to 1,642 microg/kg. None of the samples contained FB2. Fifty percent of the samples contained moniliformin with concentrations ranging from 26 to 774 microg/kg. All samples were infected by Fusarium molds, and the infection rates ranged from 8 to 88%. Thirty-four samples of corn-based food products were purchased from supermarkets in Arizona, California, Nebraska, and Ohio. Sixty-five percent of the samples contained FB1, ranging in concentrations from 28 to 2,679 microg/kg. FB2 was detected in 29% of the samples with concentrations ranging from 30 to 797 microg/kg. Sixty-eight percent of the samples contained moniliformin with concentrations ranging from 31 to 858 microg/kg. Sixty-two percent of the samples contained viable Fusarium mold propagules ranging from 9.5 x 10(1) to 5.5 x 10(5)/g. The simultaneous occurrence of FB1 and moniliformin was observed in 34% of corn samples and 53% of corn-based food products. This study has shown co-occurrence of fumonisins and moniliformin in food-grade corn and corn-based foods that indicates a risk of simultaneous exposure of consumers to both toxins.
authors.affiliation: Food Science and Technology Department, University of Nebraska at Lincoln, 68583-0919, USA.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Gutema
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Munimbazi
authors.forename: L B
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: Bullerman
mesh_terms: D001130:Arizona; D002140:California; D002264:Carboxylic Acids / Q000032:analysis; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D003503:Cyclobutanes / Q000032:analysis; D005506:Food Contamination; D005511:Food Handling; D005516:Food Microbiology; D037341:Fumonisins; D005670:Fusarium / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D009183:Mycotoxins / Q000032:analysis*; D009329:Nebraska; D009820:Ohio; D003313:Zea mays / Q000737:chemistry / Q000382:microbiology*
chemical_list: D002264:Carboxylic Acids; D003503:Cyclobutanes; D037341:Fumonisins; D009183:Mycotoxins; C056934:fumonisin B2; C008539:moniliformin; C056933:fumonisin B1