title: An investigation of 2 techniques for optimizing joint surface congruency using multiple cylindrical osteochondral autografts.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare 2 techniques for optimizing joint congruency for miniature osteochondral autografting in the knee: intrinsic postoperative forces acting on overdrilled autografts protruding from the femur versus alignment by a surgeon at the time of grafting.
  
  
  METHODS
  Controlled animal model experiment.
  
  
  METHODS
  A full-thickness cartilage defect was created on the weight-bearing surface of the medial femoral condyle of 13 mature sheep. Three 4.5 x 10 mm cylindrical autografts were inserted into 14-mm deep recipient holes such that the grafts were held in place by side-wall friction alone. One treatment group received grafts that were delivered flush with the surrounding cartilage and the second group received grafts that were left 2-mm proud of the joint surface.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Three months postoperatively, the proud grafts had been repositioned by weight bearing but perigraft fissuring and fibroplasia, and subchondral cavitations were serious complications. It is suspected that these complications were caused by excessive motion between the graft and recipient site in the proud grafts.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Grafts should be delivered flush with the joint surface when performing osteochondral transfers to avoid graft micromotion and the consequent interference with graft integration and function.
authors.affiliation: University of Guelph Comparative Orthopaedic Research Group, Department of Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary College, Guelph, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: S G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Pearce
authors.forename: M B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Hurtig
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Clarnette
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kalra
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Cowan
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Miniaci
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002358:Cartilage, Articular / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000637:transplantation*; D005260:Female; D005269:Femur / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D016348:Osseointegration; D011856:Radiographic Image Enhancement; D012756:Sheep; D013499:Surface Properties; D014182:Transplantation, Autologous; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D016474:Weight-Bearing