title: Sulfated glycans and elevated temperature stimulate PrP(Sc)-dependent cell-free formation of protease-resistant prion protein.
abstract: A conformational conversion of the normal, protease- sensitive prion protein (PrP-sen or PrP(C)) to a protease-resistant form (PrP-res or PrP(Sc)) is commonly thought to be required in transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs). Endogenous sulfated glycosaminoglycans are associated with PrP-res deposits in vivo, suggesting that they may facilitate PrP-res formation. On the other hand, certain exogenous sulfated glycans can profoundly inhibit PrP-res accumulation and serve as prophylactic anti-TSE compounds in vivo. To investigate the seemingly paradoxical effects of sulfated glycans on PrP-res formation, we have assayed their direct effects on PrP conversion under physiologically compatible cell-free conditions. Heparan sulfate and pentosan polysulfate stimulated PrP-res formation. Conversion was stimulated further by increased temperature. Both elevated temperature and pentosan polysulfate promoted interspecies PrP conversion. Circular dichroism spectropolarimetry measurements showed that pentosan polysulfate induced a conformational change in PrP-sen that may potentiate its PrP-res-induced conversion. These results show that certain sulfated glycosaminoglycans can directly affect the PrP conversion reaction. Therefore, depending upon the circumstances, sulfated glycans may be either cofactors or inhibitors of this apparently pathogenic process.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Persistent Viral Diseases, Rocky Mountain Laboratories/NIH, 903 South 4th Street, Hamilton, MT 59840, USA.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.forename: L W
authors.initials: LW
authors.lastname: Xiong
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Horiuchi
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Raymond
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wehrly
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Chesebro
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Caughey
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002474:Cell-Free System; D002942:Circular Dichroism; D006224:Cricetinae; D010450:Endopeptidases / Q000378:metabolism; D006358:Hot Temperature; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D051379:Mice; D010426:Pentosan Sulfuric Polyester / Q000494:pharmacology; D018621:PrPC Proteins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism*; D018620:PrPSc Proteins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism*; D017096:Prion Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control; D011487:Protein Conformation / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D018621:PrPC Proteins; D018620:PrPSc Proteins; D010426:Pentosan Sulfuric Polyester; D010450:Endopeptidases