title: Reproducibility of repeated measures of cholinergic terminal density using.
abstract: [18F](+)-4-fluorobenzyltrozamicol (FBT), which selectively binds to the vesicular acetylcholine transporter in the presynaptic cholinergic neuron, has previously been shown to be a useful ligand for the study of cholinergic terminal density in the basal ganglia with PET. The goal of this study was to assess the test-retest variability of [18F]FBT and PET measurements under baseline conditions in the basal ganglia.
  
  
  METHODS
  After approval from the Animal Care and Use Committee, 6 rhesus monkeys underwent a series of 2 [18F]FBT PET scans (time between scans, 32-301 d) under isoflurane anesthesia. Each scan was initiated on the bolus injection of the radiotracer and consisted of 26 frames acquired during 180 min. Arterial blood samples were collected over the course of each scan to determine the metabolite-corrected arterial input function. Tissue time-activity curves were obtained from the scan data by drawing regions of interest over the basal ganglia and cerebellum. The distribution volume ratio for the basal ganglia was then determined for each scan by taking the ratio of the basal ganglia (specific binding) to cerebellum (nonspecific binding) distribution volume. Distribution volumes were derived using the Logan graphic analysis technique as well as a standard 3-compartment model. Additionally, the radioactivity concentration ratio was calculated as the ratio of the average [18F]FBT concentration in the basal ganglia to that in the cerebellum during the last half of the study (85-170 min). The constant K1, determined using the standard 3-compartment model, was used as an index of blood flow changes between studies.
  
  
  RESULTS
  For all subjects, the test-retest variability was less than 15% for the distribution volume ratio and 12% for the radioactivity concentration ratio. Good agreement was found between the distribution volume ratio calculated using the graphic technique and the standard 3-compartment model. Using K1 as an index, the variability in blood flow seen in both the basal ganglia and the cerebellum was significantly reduced in their ratio.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results show the reproducibility of [18F]FBT and PET measurements in the basal ganglia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesia, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA.
authors.forename: H D
authors.initials: HD
authors.lastname: Gage
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Voytko
authors.forename: R L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Ehrenkaufer
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Tobin
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Efange
authors.forename: R H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Mach
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001479:Basal Ganglia / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D001921:Brain / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D002531:Cerebellum / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D002799:Cholinergic Fibers / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D005462:Fluorine Radioisotopes; D005464:Fluorobenzenes; D008253:Macaca mulatta; D008297:Male; D009411:Nerve Endings / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D010880:Piperidines; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D014055:Tomography, Emission-Computed
chemical_list: D005462:Fluorine Radioisotopes; D005464:Fluorobenzenes; D010880:Piperidines; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; C087277:4-fluorobenzyltrozamicol