title: Overexpression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha produces an increase in lung volumes and pulmonary hypertension.
abstract: Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha is a key proinflammatory cytokine that is thought to be important in the development of pulmonary fibrosis, whereas its role in pulmonary emphysema has not been as thoroughly documented. In the present study, TNF-alpha was overexpressed in alveolar type II cells under the control of the human surfactant protein C promoter. In this report, we further characterized the pulmonary abnormalities and provided a physiological assessment of these mice. Histopathology of the lungs revealed chronic inflammation, severe alveolar air space enlargement and septal destruction, and bronchiolitis. However, pulmonary fibrosis was very limited and only seen in the subpleural, peribronchiolar, and perivascular regions. Physiological assessment showed an increase in lung volumes and a decrease in elastic recoil characteristic of emphysema; there was no evidence of restrictive lung disease characteristic of pulmonary fibrosis. In addition, the mice raised in ambient conditions in Denver developed pulmonary hypertension. Gelatinase activity was increased in the lavage fluid from these lungs. These results suggest that in these mice TNF-alpha contributed to the development of pulmonary emphysema through chronic lung inflammation and activation of the elastolytic enzymes but by itself was unable to produce significant pulmonary fibrosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, National Jewish Medical and Research Center, Denver Colorado 80206, USA.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fujita
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Shannon
authors.forename: C G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Irvin
authors.forename: K A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Fagan
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cool
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Augustin
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Mason
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000531:Altitude; D000818:Animals; D001992:Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid / Q000276:immunology; D016207:Cytokines / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D004646:Emphysema / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000276:immunology; D006976:Hypertension, Pulmonary / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D017380:Hypertrophy, Right Ventricular / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D008176:Lung Volume Measurements; D053508:Matrix Metalloproteinase 12; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 / Q000378:metabolism; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / Q000378:metabolism; D008666:Metalloendopeptidases / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D011014:Pneumonia / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D011510:Proteolipids / Q000235:genetics; D011658:Pulmonary Fibrosis / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D011663:Pulmonary Surfactants / Q000235:genetics; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D020545:Respiratory Mucosa / Q000201:enzymology / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D018417:Th1 Cells / Q000276:immunology; D019076:Transgenes / Q000502:physiology; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D011510:Proteolipids; D011663:Pulmonary Surfactants; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D008666:Metalloendopeptidases; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9; C507122:MMP12 protein, human; D053508:Matrix Metalloproteinase 12