title: 'End-of-life' decision making within intensive care--objective, consistent, defensible?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the objectivity, consistency and professional unanimity in the initiation, continuation and withdrawal of life-prolonging procedures in intensive care--to determine methods, time-scale for withdrawal and communication with both staff and relatives--to explore any professional unease about legality, morality or professional defensibility.
  
  
  METHODS
  A structured questionnaire directed at clinical nurse managers for intensive care.
  
  
  METHODS
  All intensive care units in the Yorkshire region.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The survey reported a lack of consistency and objectivity in decision making in this area, with accompanying unease amongst staff.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is a need to work towards more consistent care, both before and during admission, for the protection of the individual patient and to allow rational assessment of intensive care need. Comprehensive audit should lead to objective defensible decisions and facilitate informed choice. More open debate and better communication should minimise this issue as a source of stress amongst staff in intensive care.
authors.affiliation: General Infirmary at Leeds, Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Great George Street, Leeds, LS1 3EX.
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Ravenscroft
authors.forename: M D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Bell
mesh_terms: D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D003142:Communication; D003657:Decision Making; D004992:Ethics, Medical; D005066:Euthanasia, Passive; D006801:Humans; D007362:Intensive Care Units / Q000458:organization & administration* / Q000592:standards; D008020:Life Support Care / Q000592:standards* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D009718:Nurse Administrators / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D010343:Patient Admission; D013222:State Medicine / Q000592:standards; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D006113:United Kingdom; D028761:Withholding Treatment