title: False-positive screening mammograms: effect of immediate versus later work-up on patient stress.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the stress experienced by women who had false-positive screening mammograms and had undergone immediate on-site diagnostic imaging evaluation with that experienced by those who had been recalled for subsequent imaging.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective survey was mailed to women with false-positive screening mammograms that had proved negative or benign at diagnostic imaging. The women were divided into (a) those who had undergone diagnostic imaging during the same appointment as their screening examination and (b) those who had returned at a later date for work-up. The survey included questions about stress that was related to the screening and diagnostic experiences, how subjects had been notified about screening results, and their breast health histories.
  
  
  RESULTS
  From the group that had undergone immediate work-up (n = 100), 50 eligible surveys were received; 71 were received from women who had undergone later work-ups (n = 176). The self-reported overall stress was significantly greater (P =.027) in the group recalled for subsequent diagnostic imaging. Among all respondents, stress from a false-positive screening result was greatest in women younger than 50 years of age with a positive first-degree family history of breast cancer.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Providing immediate on-site diagnostic evaluation can reduce the stress of a false-positive screening mammogram.
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine, Department of Radiology, University of California, Davis, 4860 Y St, Ste 3100, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA. kklindfors@ucdavis.edu
authors.forename: K K
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Lindfors
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: O'Connor
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Parker
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005189:False Positive Reactions; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008327:Mammography / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013997:Time Factors