title: Absorption and DNA protective effects of flavonoid glycosides from an onion meal.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  It is widely believed that antioxidant micronutrients obtained from fruit and vegetables afford significant protection against cancer and heart disease, as well as ageing. Flavonoids are potential antioxidants found in foods such as onions; information on their effectiveness in vivo is so far lacking.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine uptake as well as in vivo antioxidant effects of flavonoids from foods.
  
  
  METHODS
  Six healthy non-obese normocholesterolaemic female volunteers in the age range 20-44 years participated in a randomised two-phase crossover supplementation trial to compare the antioxidant effects associated with (a) a meal of fried onions and (b) a meal of fried onions and fresh cherry tomatoes. Plasma flavonoids, lymphocyte DNA damage, plasma ascorbic acid, tocopherols and carotenoids, urinary malondialdehyde and 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine were determined to assess flavonoid absorption and antioxidant efficacy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Flavonoid glucosides (quercetin-3-glucoside and isorhamnetin-4-glucoside) were significantly elevated in plasma following ingestion of the onion meal and the increases were associated with an increased resistance of lymphocyte DNA to DNA strand breakage. A significant decrease in the level of urinary 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine was evident at 4 h following ingestion of the onion meal. After the combined tomato and onion meal, only quercetin was detected in plasma. Endogenous base oxidation was decreased but resistance to strand breakage was unchanged. There was no significant change in the excretion of urinary malondialdehyde following either meal.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Both meals--onions, and onions together with tomatoes--led to transient decreases in biomarkers of oxidative stress, although the particular biomarkers affected differ. It is possible that the differences in patterns of response reflect the different uptakes of flavonoids but the underlying mechanism is not understood.
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, The Robert Gordon University, Schoolhill, Aberdeen, Scotland.
authors.forename: S P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Boyle
authors.forename: V L
authors.initials: VL
authors.lastname: Dobson
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Duthie
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Kyle
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Collins
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000032:analysis; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis; D020552:Comet Assay; D003296:Cooking; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004247:DNA / Q000187:drug effects; D004249:DNA Damage / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D044948:Flavonols; D005960:Glucosides / Q000097:blood; D006027:Glycosides / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D007408:Intestinal Absorption; D018551:Solanum lycopersicum / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D019697:Onions / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction / Q000187:drug effects; D011794:Quercetin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D015415:Biomarkers; D005419:Flavonoids; D044948:Flavonols; D005960:Glucosides; D006027:Glycosides; C116492:isorhamnetin-4'-O-glucoside; C016527:isoquercitrin; D004247:DNA; D011794:Quercetin