title: Arterial conduits for myocardial revascularization: single-institutional results.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Bilateral internal mammary artery (IMA) grafting is associated with an improved long-term survival, low rates of recurrence of angina and late myocardial infarction. This suggested the usefulness of a complete arterial revascularization in patients with three-vessel disease using IMAs in conjunction with other arterial conduits.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between September 1989 and September 1999, 1,052 patients underwent myocardial revascularization with the use of the gastroepiploic artery and one or two IMAs. Among them 561 patients with three-vessel disease underwent myocardial revascularization with the use of the gastroepiploic artery and both the IMAs. In this report the operative results up to hospital discharge obtained in the first 500 patients were considered. In total 1,850 anastomoses were performed using 1,500 arterial grafts; a mean number of 3.7 anastomoses per patient and 1.2 anastomoses per graft were performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twelve patients (2.4%) died during hospitalization. Perioperative myocardial infarction developed in 12 patients (2.4%). Twenty patients (4%) required temporary support with intra-aortic balloon pump. Repeat thoracotomy for bleeding was required in 33 patients (6.6%). Four patients (0.8%) developed mediastinitis and 4 (0.8%) aseptic sternal dehiscence. Gastrointestinal bleeding occurred in 3 patients (0.6 %) and was treated conservatively, cerebrovascular accidents in 4 (0.8%), and abdominal wound herniation in 5 (1%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  According to our experience, systematic total arterial revascularization is feasible with a low complication rate and may contribute to the improvement of long-term outcome.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiac Surgery "A. De Gasperis ", Niguarda Ca' Granda Hospital, Milan, Italy,
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lanfranconi
authors.forename: J G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Grandjean
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Mariani
authors.forename: P W
authors.initials: PW
authors.lastname: Boonstra
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001158:Arteries / Q000637:transplantation; D001026:Coronary Artery Bypass / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D007387:Internal Mammary-Coronary Artery Anastomosis / Q000009:adverse effects; D009852:Omentum / Q000098:blood supply; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D013270:Stomach / Q000098:blood supply; D016896:Treatment Outcome