title: Tibiofemoral movement 2: the loaded and unloaded living knee studied by MRI.
abstract: In 13 unloaded living knees we confirmed the findings previously obtained in the unloaded cadaver knee during flexion and external rotation/internal rotation using MRI. In seven loaded living knees with the subjects squatting, the relative tibiofemoral movements were similar to those in the unloaded knee except that the medial femoral condyle tended to move about 4 mm forwards with flexion. Four of the seven loaded knees were studied during flexion in external and internal rotation. As predicted, flexion (squatting) with the tibia in external rotation suppressed the internal rotation of the tibia which had been observed during unloaded flexion.
authors.affiliation: St. Mary's Hospital, London.
authors.forename: P F
authors.initials: PF
authors.lastname: Hill
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Vedi
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Iwaki
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Pinskerova
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Freeman
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000886:Anthropometry; D005260:Female; D005269:Femur / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007719:Knee Joint / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000502:physiology*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards*; D008297:Male; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular / Q000502:physiology*; D012399:Rotation; D013977:Tibia / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000502:physiology*; D019415:Torque; D016474:Weight-Bearing