title: Two-component system that regulates methanol and formaldehyde oxidation in Paracoccus denitrificans.
abstract: A chromosomal region encoding a two-component regulatory system, FlhRS, has been isolated from Paracoccus denitrificans. FlhRS-deficient mutants were unable to grow on methanol, methylamine, or choline as the carbon and energy source. Expression of the gene encoding glutathione-dependent formaldehyde dehydrogenase (fhlA) was undetectable in the mutant, and expression of the S-formylglutathione hydrolase gene (fghA) was reduced in the mutant background. In addition, methanol dehydrogenase was immunologically undetectable in cell extracts of FhlRS mutants. These results indicate that the FlhRS sensor-regulator pair is involved in the regulation of formaldehyde, methanol, and methylamine oxidation. The effect that the FlhRS proteins exert on the regulation of C(1) metabolism might be essential to maintain the internal concentration of formaldehyde below toxic levels.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Cell Physiology, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1087, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands. harms@bio.vu.nl
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Harms
authors.forename: W N
authors.initials: WN
authors.lastname: Reijnders
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Koning
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: van Spanning
mesh_terms: D000445:Aldehyde Oxidoreductases / Q000235:genetics; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D043182:Carboxylesterase; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D003574:Cytochrome c Group / Q000235:genetics; D005557:Formaldehyde / Q000378:metabolism*; D015964:Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic; D000071677:Histidine Kinase; D000432:Methanol / Q000378:metabolism*; D008957:Models, Genetic; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D005810:Multigene Family; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010231:Paracoccus denitrificans / Q000235:genetics*; D011494:Protein Kinases / Q000235:genetics; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000235:genetics*; D013869:Thiolester Hydrolases / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D003574:Cytochrome c Group; C419214:FlhR protein, Paracoccus denitrificans; C419215:FlhS protein, Paracoccus denitrificans; C083951:cytochrome c553; D005557:Formaldehyde; C020145:formaldehyde dehydrogenase (glutathione); D000445:Aldehyde Oxidoreductases; D011494:Protein Kinases; D000071677:Histidine Kinase; D043182:Carboxylesterase; C020118:ESD protein, human; D013869:Thiolester Hydrolases; C020149:s-formylglutathione hydrolase; D000432:Methanol