Oxidative stress in lung tissue induced by CO(2) pneumoperitoneum in the rat.
BACKGROUND
Clinical trials have found that the pneumoperitoneum has potentially hazardous side effects. The biochemical basis of organ injury induced by pneumoperitoneum is, however, not well defined. Since oxidative stress is believed to play an important role in many pathological conditions, we set out to examine oxidative stress markers in the lung, liver, kidney, and pancreas by using a rat model of laparoscopy with CO(2) pneumoperitoneum and comparing it to a group with gasless laparoscopy.


METHODS
Malondialdehyde (for lipid peroxidation), protein-bound carbonyls (for protein oxidation), reduced and oxidized glutathione, and the neutrophil marker myeloperoxidase were evaluated in tissue homogenates at 2 h, 6 h, and 18 h after laparoscopy. Immunoblotting was used to analyze the modification of lung proteins by 4-hydroxynonenal at 6 h.


RESULTS
Significant lipid peroxidation was found selectively in lungs at 2 h and 6 h after CO(2) pneumoperitoneum. This was accompanied by a loss of glutathione but only minor protein oxidation. Further, lung proteins were clearly modified by the aldehydic product of lipid peroxidation 4-hydroxynonenal. Myeloperoxidase in lungs increased continuously up to 18 h in both experimental groups, but there were higher levels in the group with pneumoperitoneum.


CONCLUSIONS
Oxidative stress is likely to contribute to the impairment of pulmonary function after laparoscopic operations using a CO(2) pneumoperitoneum.
Pross
M
M
Department of Surgery, Otto von Guericke University, Leipziger Strasse 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany.
Schulz
H U
HU
Flechsig
A
A
Manger
T
T
Halangk
W
W
Augustin
W
W
Lippert
H
H
Reinheckel
T
T
D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000009:adverse effects*; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D010535:Laparoscopy; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D008168:Lung / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D010179:Pancreas / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D011028:Pneumoperitoneum, Artificial / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D013997:Time Factors
D002245:Carbon Dioxide