title: Screening for asymptomatic early bronchogenic carcinoma with low dose CT of the chest.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Survival of patients with lung carcinoma is very poor, particularly for patients with advanced disease. There are no early clinical symptoms, and screening with chest radiography has not been recommended. Computed tomography (CT) is superior to radiography for detection of pulmonary nodules but usually is associated with relatively high radiation exposure. Recently, accuracy of low dose CT has been shown to be similar to conventional dose CT. The goal of the current study was to assess the findings of low dose CT of the chest in heavy smokers.
  
  
  METHODS
  More than 700 heavy smokers (> 20 pack years; age: > 40 years) underwent unenhanced low dose CT of the chest. Detected nodules were classified according to their density (soft tissue, calcified, fat) and size (< 6 mm, 6-10 mm, > 10 mm). In nodules larger than 10 mm with no CT features to suggest a benign lesion, histology was obtained.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In approximately 40% of smokers, nodules smaller than or equal to 10 mm were detected. None was resected. In less than 3% of individuals, lesions larger than 10 mm were detected; 8 were bronchogenic carcinoma. All eight carcinomas were resectable. Lesions for which no histology was obtained were followed with low dose CT.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Low dose CT detected 8 bronchogenic carcinomas in more than 700 heavy smokers. All eight were resectable. Pulmonary nodules measuring up to 10 mm were found in 40% of smokers. The significance of these small lesions has remained unclear.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Clinical Radiology, University of Münster, Germany. diestef@uni-muenster.de
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Diederich
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wormanns
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lenzen
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Semik
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.forename: P E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Peters
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002283:Carcinoma, Bronchogenic / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D004307:Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D008400:Mass Chest X-Ray; D015995:Prevalence; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects; D003074:Solitary Pulmonary Nodule / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods