title: Synthesis and comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA) of symmetric and nonsymmetric cyclic sulfamide HIV-1 protease inhibitors.
abstract: We have previously reported on the unexpected flipped conformation in the cyclic sulfamide class of inhibitors. An attempt to induce a symmetric binding conformation by introducing P2/P2' substituents foreseen to bind preferentially in the S2/S2' subsite was unsuccessful. On the basis of the flipped conformation we anticipated that nonsymmetric sulfamide inhibitors, with P2/P2' side chains modified individually for the S1' and S2 subsites, should be more potent than the corresponding symmetric analogues. To test this hypothesis, a set of 18 cyclic sulfamide inhibitors (11 nonsymmetric and 7 symmetric) with different P2/P2' substituents was prepared and evaluated in an enzyme assay. To rationalize the structure-activity relationship (SAR) and enable the alignment of the nonsymmetric inhibitors, i.e., which of the P2/P2' substituents of the nonsymmetric inhibitors interact with which subsite, a CoMFA study was performed. The CoMFA model, constructed from the 18 inhibitors in this study along with seven inhibitors from previous work by our group, has successfully been used to rationalize the SAR of the cyclic sulfamide inhibitors. Furthermore, from the information presented herein, the SAR of the cyclic sulfamide class of inhibitors seems to differ from the SAR of the related cyclic urea inhibitors reported by DuPont and DuPont-Merck.
authors.affiliation: Department of Organic Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Uppsala Biomedical Centre, Uppsala University, Box 574, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden.
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Schaal
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Karlsson
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ahlsén
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lindberg
authors.forename: H O
authors.initials: HO
authors.lastname: Andersson
authors.forename: U H
authors.initials: UH
authors.lastname: Danielson
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Classon
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Unge
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Samuelsson
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hultén
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hallberg
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Karlén
mesh_terms: D018360:Crystallography, X-Ray; D016333:HIV Protease / Q000737:chemistry; D017320:HIV Protease Inhibitors / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D008958:Models, Molecular; D008968:Molecular Conformation; D011485:Protein Binding; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D013449:Sulfonamides / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D017320:HIV Protease Inhibitors; D013449:Sulfonamides; D016333:HIV Protease