title: Is immediate chest radiograph necessary after central venous catheter placement in a surgical intensive care unit?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Current standard of care dictates that central venous catheter (CVC) insertion should be followed by an immediate chest radiograph to confirm appropriate position and rule out complications. We hypothesized that a subset of monitored intensive care unit patients exists that is at low risk for complications and might safely have radiographic evaluation of line placement deferred until the next scheduled radiograph.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data regarding patient and procedural characteristics were obtained prospectively for 184 CVC placed between March 1, 1998, and June 30, 1999. Retrospective data regarding complications were obtained by chart review for an additional 174 CVC placed during the study period but for which data sheets were not completed. All procedures were followed by chest radiography.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We documented a complication rate of 9% with the vast majority (25 of 31, 81%) of complications consisting of incorrect positioning. The number of needle passes was greater in the group suffering pneumothorax and arterial puncture than the uncomplicated group (5.6 versus 1.9, P = 0.008). "Straightforward" operator gestalt (P = 0.04) and number of needle passes <3 (P = 0.03) were factors correlating with the absence of complications. These factors had negative predictive values of 94% and 96%, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Placement of CVC is safe in experienced hands. In monitored intensive care unit patients who undergo a "straightforward" procedure with <3 needle passes, chest radiograph can be safely deferred until the next scheduled examination.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Utah Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.
authors.forename: S H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Bailey
authors.forename: S B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Shapiro
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Mone
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Saffle
authors.forename: S E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Morris
authors.forename: R G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Barton
mesh_terms: D002405:Catheterization, Central Venous / Q000009:adverse effects; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007362:Intensive Care Units; D008297:Male; D013902:Radiography, Thoracic / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors