title: Outcome of fetal cystic hygroma and experience of intrauterine treatment.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To review our cases of fetal cystic hygroma and to examine the prognostic factors with the goal of establishing criteria for the intrauterine treatment for cystic hygroma.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-one cases of fetal cystic hygroma were managed by us from January 1988 to December 1997, and 21 cases were available for analysis. Three prognostic factors, namely chromosomal abnormality, structural anomaly and hydrops fetalis, were evaluated. We treated 2 cases of cystic hygroma associated with hydrops fetalis in utero using OK-432 injection under ultrasound guidance.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The fetuses without any of the prognostic factors listed above showed a good prognosis throughout the fetal and neonatal periods. However, in this group, 2 infants with large tumors died of hemorrhage from the tumor at 6 months and 3 years of age, respectively. Cases with hydrops fetalis without chromosomal abnormalities or structural anomalies (5 cases) resulted in either intrauterine fetal death (IUFD, 2 cases) or early perinatal neonatal death (early PND, 3 cases). The cause of early PND was circulatory failure. Most of the hydrops cases with either a chromosomal abnormality or structural anomaly resulted in IUFD before 22 weeks of gestation. The size of the cyst decreased in 1 of 2 cases treated in utero.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The fetal cases of cystic hygroma showing hydrops fetalis without chromosomal abnormalities or structural anomalies are considered to be possible candidates for intrauterine therapy. Those with very large cystic hygroma without any of the three prognostic factors are also thought to be candidates for fetal treatment. Based on our clinical experience, sclerotherapy using OK-432 is considered to be a treatment option in selected cases with fetal cystic hygroma.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan. Keiko813@aol.com
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ogita
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Suita
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Taguchi
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamanouchi
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Masumoto
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tsukimori
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nakano
mesh_terms: D002869:Chromosome Aberrations; D000013:Congenital Abnormalities; D017809:Fatal Outcome; D005260:Female; D005313:Fetal Death / Q000209:etiology; D005315:Fetal Diseases / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D015160:Hydrops Fetalis / Q000150:complications; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D018191:Lymphangioma, Cystic / Q000150:complications / Q000235:genetics / Q000628:therapy*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011379:Prognosis; D012597:Sclerosing Solutions / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015911:Sclerotherapy; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D016216:Ultrasonography, Prenatal
chemical_list: D012597:Sclerosing Solutions