title: Synthesis, characterization, and biological properties of cyanine-labeled somatostatin analogues as receptor-targeted fluorescent probes.
abstract: We present the synthesis and characterization of the somatostatin receptor-specific peptide H(2)N-(D-Phe)-cyclo[Cys-Phe-(D-Trp)-Lys-Thr-Cys]-Thr-OH, which is labeled with a carboxylated indodicarbo- and an indotricarbocyanine dye at the N-terminal amino group. The preparation was performed by automated solid-phase synthesis, with subsequent attachment of the cyanine dye and cleavage of the entire conjugate from the resin. The compounds display high molar absorbance and fluorescence quantum yields typical for cyanine dyes and are thus suitable receptor-targeted contrast agents for molecular optical imaging. The ability of these agents to target the somatostatin receptor was demonstrated by flow cytometry in vitro, in which the indotricarbocyanine conjugate led to elevated cell-associated fluorescence on somatostatin receptor-expressing tumor cells. In contrast, the corresponding linearized derivative of the sequence H(2)N-(D-Phe)-Met-Phe-(D-Trp)-Lys-Thr-Met-Thr-OH produced only minimal cell fluorescence, hence confirming the specificity of the cyclic somatostatin analogue. Intracellular localization could be visualized by near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence microscopy. In conclusion, receptor-specific peptides are promising tools for designing site-directed optical contrast agents for use in molecular optical imaging.
authors.affiliation: Institut für Diagnostikforschung GmbH an der Freien Universität Berlin, 14050 Berlin, Germany. kai.licha@schering.de
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Licha
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hessenius
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Becker
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Henklein
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bauer
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wisniewski
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Wiedenmann
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Semmler
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002232:Carbocyanines / Q000737:chemistry*; D004396:Coloring Agents; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000378:metabolism; D010456:Peptides, Cyclic / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry*; D051381:Rats; D017481:Receptors, Somatostatin / Q000187:drug effects; D013004:Somatostatin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry*; D013050:Spectrometry, Fluorescence; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D002232:Carbocyanines; D004396:Coloring Agents; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; C424744:H(2)N-(Phe)-cyclo(Cys-Phe-(Trp)-Lys-Thr-Cys)-Thr-OH; D010456:Peptides, Cyclic; D017481:Receptors, Somatostatin; D013004:Somatostatin