title: Thymic neuroendocrine carcinoma: a clinicopathologic study in four patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Thymic neuroendocrine carcinoma (carcinoid) is rare. Here we present four cases of this unusual neoplasm to provide more clinical, radiologic, and prognostic data.
  
  
  METHODS
  Four male patients with an average age of 44 years (range 27-63) were identified as having thymic neuroendocrine carcinoma and were reviewed retrospectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One patient had Cushing's syndrome with elevated serum ACTH. Three others were asymptomatic with normal laboratory findings, one case was associated with MEN type 1. All underwent complete resection along with invaded adjacent structures. Local recurrence developed in two patients at 45 and 98 months after the initial excision. Both patients died at 90 and 105 months, respectively. The other two patients are alive and have been disease-free for 27 and 120 months, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Thymic neuroendocrine carcinomas have a rather poor prognosis based on their tendency to recur and metastasize many years after the initial operation. Therefore, prolonged follow-up is essential for these tumors.
authors.affiliation: Second Department of Surgery, Hokkaido University Hospital, N-14, W-5, Sapporo 060-8648, Japan.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sugiura
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Morikawa
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Itoh
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ono
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Okushiba
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kondo
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Katoh
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002276:Carcinoid Tumor / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000401:mortality; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013950:Thymus Gland / Q000473:pathology; D013953:Thymus Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery; D013997:Time Factors; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed