title: p53 independent G(1) arrest induced by DL-alpha-difluoromethylornithine.
abstract: Ornithine decarboxylase (ODC), which catalyzes polyamine biosynthesis, plays an essential role in cell growth. DL-alpha-Difluoromethylornithine (DFMO), a synthetic inhibitor of ODC, inhibits cell growth. However, the exact mechanism by which polyamine depletion by DFMO results in growth inhibition remains to be elucidated. We clarified the mechanisms by which DFMO inhibits human gastric cancer cell (MKN45) growth. DFMO induced MKN45 cell G(1) phase arrest after 48 h, and the percentage of G(1) arrest cells continued to increase until 72 h. Expression of p21 and phosphorylation of Stat1 were significantly induced by DFMO at 24 h. Luciferase assay and gel shift assay showed specific binding of Stat1 to the p21 promoter, and promoter activity was activated at 24 h. In dominant negative p53 expressing cells, DFMO significantly induced p21 expression, arrested cells at G(1) phase, and suppressed cell growth effectively. These results suggest that DFMO induced MKN45 cell arrest at G(1) phase in a p53 independent manner, and Stat1 is, at least in part, involved in G(1) arrest.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiological Chemistry and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nemoto
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kamei
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Seyama
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kubota
mesh_terms: D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D050759:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21; D016213:Cyclins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D000518:Eflornithine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016193:G1 Phase / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D008156:Luciferases / Q000235:genetics; D011073:Polyamines / Q000378:metabolism; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D050794:STAT1 Transcription Factor; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D015534:Trans-Activators / Q000378:metabolism; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: C493956:CDKN1A protein, human; D050759:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21; D016213:Cyclins; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D011073:Polyamines; D050794:STAT1 Transcription Factor; C494079:STAT1 protein, human; D015534:Trans-Activators; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53; D008156:Luciferases; D000518:Eflornithine