title: Effects of retinoic acid and sodium butyrate on gene expression, histone acetylation and inhibition of proliferation of melanoma cells.
abstract: Retinoic acid (RA) induces growth-arrest of many tumor cell lines but it is an ineffective therapeutic against melanoma. We investigated whether the histone deacetylase (HDAC)-inhibitor sodium butyrate (BUT) can restore or potentiate the RA-response of RA-resistant human A375, and RA-responsive S91 murine melanoma cells. BUT induced expression of RARbeta and p21(waf1/cip1) mRNA in A375 cells but in S91 cells only p21(waf1/cip1) was induced. RA and BUT synergistically activated transcription of an RA-dependent reporter gene in S91, but not A375 cells. BUT increased histone H4-acetylation in both cell types. RA potentiated BUT-mediated inhibition of S91 cell proliferation, whereas A375 cells remained largely resistant to both compounds. HDAC-inhibitors may enhance the activity of RA on RA-responsive melanoma cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, Boston University School of Medicine, Cancer Research Center, 715 Albany Street R903, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Demary
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Spanjaard
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015152:Blotting, Northern; D002087:Butyrates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects*; D050759:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21; D016213:Cyclins / Q000235:genetics; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004357:Drug Synergism; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / Q000187:drug effects; D056572:Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors; D006657:Histones / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008156:Luciferases / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008545:Melanoma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D018168:Receptors, Retinoic Acid / Q000235:genetics; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D020218:Response Elements / Q000235:genetics; D014162:Transfection; D014212:Tretinoin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D002087:Butyrates; C493956:CDKN1A protein, human; D050759:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21; D016213:Cyclins; D056572:Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors; D006657:Histones; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D018168:Receptors, Retinoic Acid; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; C082925:retinoic acid receptor beta; D014212:Tretinoin; D008156:Luciferases