title: Fetomaternal transfusion and pregnancy outcome after cordocentesis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the extent of fetomaternal transfusion and the outcome of pregnancy after cordocentesis.
  
  
  METHODS
  268 women underwent percutaneous fetal umbilical cord blood sampling for fetal karyotyping between 15 and 26 gestations of weeks. Complete follow-up was available in 221 (82.5%) of the cases. Cordocentesis was performed under continuous real-time ultrasound guidance. The duration of the procedure and the post-procedural bleeding time was counted in seconds. Fetomaternal transfusion was calculated by using the measurements of the maternal serum levels of alpha-fetoprotein before and after the procedure. The data were analyzed by Student's t and multiple regression tests.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The maximum and mean amounts of fetomaternal transfusion were 1.067 and 0.061 ml, respectively. Twenty percent or more alpha-fetoprotein elevation was in 35.4% of the cases. Positive correlation was found between bleeding time after cordocentesis and fetomaternal transfusion (r = 0.174, p < 0.0129) as well as between the duration of the procedure (r = 0.165, p < 0.0171) and the amount of fetomaternal transfusion. Comparing the cordocentesis at the placental insertion site and at the free cord loop, a smaller amount of fetomaternal transfusion was observed (p < 0.0123) in the latter. Transplacental passage was associated with a higher amount of fetomaternal transfusion (p < 0.0067). No association was found between the extent of fetomaternal transfusion and the outcome of pregnancy. The fetal loss related to the cordocentesis was 0.50%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The extent of fetomaternal transfusion was influenced by the subsequent four parameters: procedural time, bleeding time, puncture site and transplacental penetration. The lack of the association between the degree of fetomaternal transfusion and the outcome of pregnancy, along with the low (0.50%) post-procedural fetal loss rate, suggest that cordocentesis is clinically a safe procedure.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Szeged Faculty of Medicine, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical and Pharmaceutical Center, Szeged, Hungary.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sikovanyecz
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Horváth
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sallay
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gellén
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pál
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Szabó
mesh_terms: D000032:Abortion, Therapeutic; D000328:Adult; D002585:Cesarean Section / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D002869:Chromosome Aberrations; D017218:Cordocentesis / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D005331:Fetomaternal Transfusion / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D008423:Maternal Age; D011247:Pregnancy; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D018566:Pregnancy, High-Risk; D013997:Time Factors; D014463:Ultrasonography; D000509:alpha-Fetoproteins / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D000509:alpha-Fetoproteins