title: Administration of ticarcillin in combination with clavulanic acid intravenously and intrauterinely to clinically normal oestrous mares.
abstract: Ticarcillin and clavulanic acid (potassium clavulanate) were administered to normal oestrous mares intravenously (i.v.) at a dose of 50 and 1.67 mg/kg for ticarcillin and clavulanate, respectively. In a crossover design, the same drugs were administered intrauterine (i.u.) at a dose of 12.4 and 0.4 mg/kg for ticarcillin and clavulanate, respectively. The i.u. dose was administered in 100 mL of saline solution. Endometrial tissue biopsies and plasma samples were collected after drug administration for the determination of ticarcillin and clavulanate concentrations by high-pressure liquid chromatography and pharmacokinetic calculations. After i.u. administration both drugs were poorly absorbed into the plasma. The ticarcillin half-life from tissue and plasma was short after i.v. administration. Although concentrations in tissue were higher after i.u. administration than i.v., concentrations of ticarcillin declined rapidly, which would necessitate frequent treatment in order to maintain drug concentrations above the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) throughout the treatment period. Clavulanate concentrations in tissue were either low or persisted for only a short time after administration via either route. It appears that addition of clavulanate to the formulation for treatment of i.u. infections in mares is of questionable value based on these concentrations.
authors.affiliation: North Carolina State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Farm Animal Health and Resource Management, 4700 Hillsborough Street, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA. steven_vancamp@ncsu.edu
authors.forename: S D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Van Camp
authors.forename: M G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Papich
authors.forename: M D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Whitacre
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D019818:Clavulanic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D006207:Half-Life; D006736:Horses; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D010406:Penicillins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D013982:Ticarcillin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D014018:Tissue Distribution
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D010406:Penicillins; D019818:Clavulanic Acid; D013982:Ticarcillin