title: A reproducible pediatric daytime urinary incontinence questionnaire.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We developed and tested the reliability of a new, structured, parent administered questionnaire to determine the prevalence of and risk factors for daytime urinary incontinence in children.
  
  
  METHODS
  A new questionnaire was developed and evaluated in a pilot study for ease of understanding and acceptability. It was then tested for reproducibility of responses in a randomly selected sample of new primary school entrants in Western Sydney 4 weeks after baseline data were collected. The questionnaire obtained data on demographics, prevalence of daytime incontinence, family history of incontinence, voiding symptoms and socioeconomic status. Categorical data agreement was assessed using the kappa statistic and continuous data agreement was analyzed using the Bland-Altman method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 166 subjects 3.5 to 7 years old (mean and median ages 5.6 and 5.7, respectively) completed the repeat questionnaire with a 78.5% response rate. Mean agreement of the responses to the first and second questionnaires was 91% (range 83% to 100%, mean kappa = 0.70, range 0.34 to 1.00). For continuous data the 95% confidence limits were narrow (0.3 for birth weight data).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We have developed a new daytime urinary incontinence questionnaire using parent reported data and demonstrated that it is reproducible. We consider it to be a useful instrument for ascertaining information on urinary incontinence and other voiding symptoms.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Kidney Research, Royal Alexandra Hospital for Children and Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sureshkumar
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Craig
authors.forename: L P
authors.initials: LP
authors.lastname: Roy
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Knight
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015995:Prevalence; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012307:Risk Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014549:Urinary Incontinence / Q000453:epidemiology*