title: Effects of the etonogestrel-releasing contraceptive implant (Implanon on parameters of breastfeeding compared to those of an intrauterine device.
abstract: Eighty healthy single births born at a gestational age of 259-294 days were studied in an open, non-randomized, group comparative fashion. The mothers were on average 6 weeks postpartum, healthy, and fully breastfeeding at the start of treatment. Forty-two mothers elected to use the etonogestrel-releasing implant, Implanon, while 38 chose use of a non-hormone medicated intrauterine device (IUD). One month after implant placement, the dose of etonogestrel ingested by the infants via breast milk was 19.86 ng/kg/day, which decreased to 10.45 ng/kg/day at the end of the study period (month 4). The volume of breast milk production was not affected by the use of Implanon. There were no significant differences between groups in milk content of total fat, total protein, and lactose. The timing and quantity of supplementary feedings did not differ between the two groups. Growth of the infants was analyzed by treatment and gender. For the girls, no differences between groups were seen for body weight, body length, and head circumference. The same applied to the boys except for a somewhat larger, although not statistically significant, increase in body weight for boys whose mother used Implanon. There was a low incidence of intercurrent illnesses in the infants of both groups. None of the conditions was of a serious nature. From the present study, we conclude that Implanon did not change the volume and composition of breast milk. The low concentration of etonogestrel ingested by the infant was not associated with adverse effects.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Chulalongkorn Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Reinprayoon
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Taneepanichskul
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bunyavejchevin
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Thaithumyanon
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Punnahitananda
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Tosukhowong
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Machielsen
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: van Beek
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D019540:Area Under Curve; D001827:Body Height / Q000187:drug effects; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D001942:Breast Feeding; D003271:Contraceptive Agents, Female / Q000009:adverse effects; D017135:Desogestrel; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007436:Intrauterine Devices, Medicated / Q000009:adverse effects; D007774:Lactation / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D008895:Milk, Human / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000187:drug effects; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013997:Time Factors; D014753:Vinyl Compounds / Q000009:adverse effects
chemical_list: D003271:Contraceptive Agents, Female; D014753:Vinyl Compounds; C044815:etonogestrel; D017135:Desogestrel