title: Cytokines in the pruritic papular eruption of HIV.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The immunopathogenic mechanism of the pruritic papular eruption (PPE) of patients with human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) is poorly understood, and the objective of the present study was to determine the concentration of the serum cytokines interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, IL-12, and gamma-interferon (gamma-IFN) in an attempt to recognize the pattern of CD4+/CD8+ lymphocytes occurring in this dermatosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was conducted on 11 HIV-positive PPE patients, matched for sex and age with eight HIV-infected patients with no dermatosis and 10 healthy HIV-negative individuals. Cytokines were quantified by enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay (ELISA) using monoclonal antibodies (R & D Systems) and the data were analyzed by the Mann-Whitney, Kruskall-Wallis, and Spearman correlation tests.
  
  
  RESULTS
  An increased concentration of IL-2 was observed in both the HIV-positive (77.65 pg/mL, P < 0.001) and PPE (20.42 pg/mL, P < 0.05) groups when compared with the HIV-negative group (9.50 pg/mL). The IL-2 concentration was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in the HIV-positive group than in the PPE group. Similarly, the gamma-IFN concentration was higher in the HIV-positive (14.97 pg/mL) and PPE (12.67 pg/mL) groups when compared with the HIV-negative group (8.58 pg/mL). The IL-12 concentration was similar in the PPE and HIV-positive groups (1.82 and 1.68 pg/mL, respectively), but higher than in the HIV-negative group (1.17 pg/mL). The same occurred with IL-5 (17.78, 17.79, and 15.74 pg/mL, respectively). There was no significant difference in IL-4 concentration among the PPE, HIV-positive, and HIV-negative groups (10.95, 7.88, and 10.16 pg/mL, respectively), and the same was observed for IL-10 (22.41, 21.13, and 20.92, respectively). There was a negative correlation between serum gamma-IFN concentration and peripheral CD4+ lymphocyte number (r = - 0.6256) in the PPE group (P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The lower levels of IL-2 and gamma-IFN and the negative correlation between gamma-IFN and peripheral CD4+ lymphocytes may indicate an early phase of immunosuppression in PPE.
authors.affiliation: Division of Dermatology and Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Aires
authors.forename: J B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Rosatelli
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: de Castro Figueiredo
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Roselino
mesh_terms: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D018791:CD4 Lymphocyte Count; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D018414:CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000097:blood* / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000097:blood*; D007378:Interleukins / Q000097:blood*; D011537:Pruritus / Q000097:blood* / Q000276:immunology; D017444:Skin Diseases, Papulosquamous / Q000097:blood* / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D007378:Interleukins; D007371:Interferon-gamma