title: Prevalence and correlates of anemia in a large cohort of HIV-infected women: Women's Interagency HIV Study.
abstract: Anemia is a common manifestation of HIV infection, occurring in approximately 30% of patients with asymptomatic infection and in as many as 75% to 80% of those with AIDS. Anemia has been associated with decreased quality of life and decreased survival. We performed a cross-sectional study nested within a multicenter prospective cohort study to describe the prevalence of anemia in 2056 HIV-infected and 569 HIV-negative women as well as to define the demographic, clinical, immunologic, and virologic correlates of anemia among HIV-infected women. A total of 37% of HIV-positive women and 17% of HIV-negative women had hemoglobin levels < 12 g/dl (p < .001). Factors associated with anemia in HIV-positive and HIV-negative women included mean corpuscular volume (MCV) < 80 fl (p < .001) and black race (p < .001). Among HIV-infected women, multivariate logistic analyses revealed that African American race (p < .0001), MCV < 80 fl (p < .0001), CD4 count < 200 per microliter (p <.0001), higher HIV RNA in plasma (p = .02), current use of ZDV (p = .01), and history of clinical AIDS (p = .004) were all independent predictors of anemia. These data indicate that worsening parameters of HIV disease are associated with anemia among HIV-infected women. Black women and women with low MCV values are at increased risk for anemia independent of HIV status.
authors.affiliation: University of Southern California School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA. hornor@hsc.usc.edu
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Levine
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Berhane
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Masri-Lavine
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sanchez
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Young
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Augenbraun
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cohen
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Anastos
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Newman
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Gange
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Watts
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000740:Anemia / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018791:CD4 Lymphocyte Count; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology; D006679:HIV Seropositivity / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D016017:Odds Ratio; D015995:Prevalence; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics; D018894:Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015215:Zidovudine / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents; D006454:Hemoglobins; D012367:RNA, Viral; D018894:Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors; D015215:Zidovudine