title: Identification of adolescent tobacco users in a pediatric practice.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Though prevention of adolescent tobacco use is a major public health goal, there is little information on the ability of pediatricians to identify adolescents experimenting with tobacco and regular tobacco users.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To pilot use of a short questionnaire and analysis of urinary cotinine level to identify adolescent smokers in a pediatric practice, and to determine characteristics of tobacco users.
  
  
  METHODS
  Suburban pediatric practice.
  
  
  METHODS
  Consecutive high school students completed a short questionnaire and urine cotinine assessment. Three groups were defined: smokers (urine cotinine level >100 ng/mL), experimenters (smoked within the last year; urine continine level </=100 ng/mL), and nonsmokers. Logistic regression was used to examine characteristics of experimenters.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One hundred twenty-four adolescents were enrolled throughout 3 months: 83 nonsmokers (67%), 28 experimenters (23%), and 13 smokers (10%). The questionnaire alone identified 92% of regular smokers. Smoking frequency increased by grade level. Smoking initiation occurred with peers. Compared with nonsmokers, smokers and experimenters were more likely to be older and have a majority of friends who smoked. Smokers were more likely to have a family member who smoked. A majority of smokers and experimenters had tried to quit and understood the adverse health effects of tobacco use.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Adolescent smokers and experimenters were identified using a brief questionnaire. This method will allow pediatricians the opportunity to identify at-risk adolescents before they become regular smokers. Further studies at primary care offices are needed to examine identification of adolescents at highest risk and examine methods to initiate smoking cessation before addiction is established.
authors.affiliation: 2300 Children's Plaza, Box 208, Chicago, IL 60614, USA.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Benuck
authors.forename: S S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Gidding
authors.forename: H J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Binns
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000294:Adolescent Behavior; D000367:Age Factors; D001294:Attitude to Health; D003367:Cotinine / Q000652:urine*; D005260:Female; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D007398:Interpersonal Relations; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008403:Mass Screening / Q000379:methods*; D010372:Pediatrics / Q000379:methods*; D010379:Peer Group; D010865:Pilot Projects; D000297:Psychology, Adolescent; D012307:Risk Factors; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000523:psychology* / Q000652:urine*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires / Q000592:standards*
chemical_list: D003367:Cotinine