title: Serum concentrations of collagen degrading enzymes and their inhibitors after downhill running.
abstract: In the present study the release of proteins degrading extracellular matrix compounds to circulation was measured after damaging exercise in humans. Muscle damage was induced by downhill running; furthermore, the exercise was performed at both cold temperature (5 degrees C) and room temperature (22 degrees C) to study also the possible effect of environmental temperature on serum concentrations of matrix metalloproteinases MMP-2 and MMP-9, tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases TIMP-1 and TIMP-2, and MMP-2/TIMP-2 complex, and muscle damage monitored by serum creatine kinase measurements. Results were compared with those obtained from patients having rhabdomyolysis, myositis and Becker muscular dystrophy. The present study demonstrates an acute increase in serum concentrations of MMP-9, TIMP-1, and MMP-2/TIMP-2 complex, but no changes in serum MMP-2 concentrations in response to eccentric exercise. Serum creatine kinase activity data suggest greater muscle damage after downhill running in a cold environment than at room temperature. The present observations about at most slight changes in serum MMP and TIMP concentrations and lack of their correlation to increased serum creatine kinase after exercise indicate that serum measurements of MMPs and TIMPs do not sensitively respond to exercise induced skeletal muscle damage and extracellular matrix regeneration. On the other hand, severe skeletal muscle damage, such as rhabdomyolysis, myositis and Becker muscular dystrophy, seemed to have an effect on serum MMP and TIMP concentrations.
authors.affiliation: Neuromuscular Research Center, Department of Biology of Physical Activity, University of Jyväskylä, Finland.
authors.forename: S O
authors.initials: SO
authors.lastname: Koskinen
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Höyhtyä
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Turpeenniemi-Hujanen
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Martikkala
authors.forename: T T
authors.initials: TT
authors.lastname: Mäkinen
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Oksa
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Rintamäki
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Löfberg
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Somer
authors.forename: T E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Takala
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017364:Collagenases / Q000032:analysis*; D003402:Creatine Kinase / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2; D061965:Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000473:pathology*; D009136:Muscular Dystrophies / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology; D009220:Myositis / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology; D012206:Rhabdomyolysis / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology; D012420:Running / Q000502:physiology*; D013696:Temperature
chemical_list: D061965:Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors; D003402:Creatine Kinase; D017364:Collagenases; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2