title: [Postoperatively detected gallbladder carcinoma. Follow-up or reoperation?].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The prognosis of gallbladder carcinoma is generally poor. The 5-year survival rate amounts to less than 5% in most series due to the high proportion of advanced stages at the time of diagnosis. Early stages are commonly found only with histological work-up after cholecystectomy (CCE). In these cases the question arises whether or not reoperation for completion resection would be indicated.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective analysis examined all patients of the Clinic of Surgery (Charité) in Berlin with gallbladder carcinoma operated on between January 1981 and August 1993. A literature search was carried out using the MEDLINE retrieval system for the key words "gallbladder carcinoma", "surgical therapy", and "reoperation" limited to the period after 1970.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The retrospective results of the own clinic and the analysis of the literature review demonstrate significantly higher survival rates after reoperation compared to CCE alone and observation for all cases of gallbladder carcinoma with stages T1b or higher stages. The extended radical CCE can be performed with low morbidity. With preceding laparoscopic CCE the trocar sites have to be completely excised.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  To avoid the situation of postoperative diagnosis of gallbladder carcinoma, the surgeon should intraoperatively during CCE perform a careful macroscopic control of the gallbladder. Suspect findings should be followed intraoperatively by histological examination. Nevertheless, local spread of GBCa and distribution of lymphatic metastases can certainly not be assessed completely after simple CCE. Based on the published results and because of low morbidity reoperation is indicated for most cases of GBCa when diagnosed postoperatively.
authors.affiliation: Klinik für Allgemein-, Gefäss-, Thorax- und Viszeralchirurgie, Universitätsklinikum Charité, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Campus Mitte. jens-c.rueckert@charite.de
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Rückert
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Müller
mesh_terms: D002763:Cholecystectomy; D002769:Cholelithiasis / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005706:Gallbladder Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D012086:Reoperation; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015996:Survival Rate