title: Metastatic renal cell carcinoma regression after nephrectomy and BCG immunotherapy.
abstract: Patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC) often remain asymptomatic until the disease has progressed beyond the confines of the kidney, as almost one third of patients have metastatic disease at the time of diagnosis.1 The average survival for a patient presenting with metastatic renal cell carcinoma is 4 months and only 10% will be alive at 1 year.2 Many different treatment combinations have tried for metastatic disease, but with limited results. Some success has been shown in smaller studies using nephrectomy and Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) immunotherapy but these results have not been followed by larger randomized control trials.3 We report a case metastatic renal cell carcinoma with an unusually long survival and regression of metastases from 2 uncommon sites.
authors.affiliation: Resident, Department of Urology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia.
authors.forename: A. Joel
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Dagnone
authors.forename: Iain D.
authors.initials: ID
authors.lastname: Young
authors.forename: Alvaro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Morales