title: An evaluation of the influence of orthodontic adhesive on the stresses generated in a bonded bracket finite element model.
abstract: The objective of this study was to evaluate the stresses generated in the bracket-cement-tooth continuum by a tensile load case when the physical and geometric properties of cement are varied. A 2-stage approach was used. In the first stage, a validated 3-dimensional finite element model of the bracket-cement-tooth system was constructed that consisted of 15,324 nodes and 2971 finite elements. Bracket base geometry was held constant; the physical properties (elastic modulus; Poisson's ratio) and geometry (lute thickness) of the cement varied. A simplified 2-dimensional model was then developed to investigate the localized effects of the cement lute thickness and the shape of the lute periphery on the stress distribution in the system. Small increases in stress were recorded under load within the cement as the rigidity of the cement increased. Similarly, Poisson's ratio values above 0.4 appeared to have a small influence on the major principal stresses in the impregnated wire mesh layer when a tensile force was applied. Variation in lute thickness was shown to have an influence on the distribution of major principal stresses within the cement lute. Increased stresses were recorded at the lute periphery as the lute dimensions increased. The morphologic features of the lute periphery also appeared to have had a significant effect on the performance of an orthodontic adhesive. Acute cement-enamel angles resulted in an increased chance of singularity development and attachment failure. The physical properties and thickness of the cement lute and the shape of the cement lute periphery contribute to the stress distribution within the bracket-cement-tooth continuum and, therefore, the quality of orthodontic attachment provided.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dental Health and Development, University of Wales College of Medicine, Dental School, Cardiff, UK. Knoxj@cardiff.ac.uk
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Knox
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kralj
authors.forename: P F
authors.initials: PF
authors.lastname: Hübsch
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Middleton
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Jones
mesh_terms: D000269:Adhesives / Q000737:chemistry*; D001840:Dental Bonding; D003738:Dental Cements / Q000737:chemistry*; D003743:Dental Enamel / Q000502:physiology*; D004548:Elasticity; D004868:Equipment Failure; D020342:Finite Element Analysis; D006801:Humans; D016382:Orthodontic Appliance Design; D016910:Orthodontic Brackets; D016012:Poisson Distribution; D013193:Stainless Steel / Q000737:chemistry; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D013499:Surface Properties; D013718:Tensile Strength
chemical_list: D000269:Adhesives; D003738:Dental Cements; D013193:Stainless Steel