title: Subcutaneous ventricular catheter reservoir and ventriculoperitoneal drain-related infections in preterm infants and young children.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In the period January 1990 to September 1997, 70 patients, aged under 6 years were treated for hydrocephalus with a subcutaneous ventricular catheter reservoir and/or a ventriculoperitoneal drain at the University Hospital of Maastricht.
  
  
  METHODS
  By means of a retrospective chart analysis, the number of shunt infections and related risk factors were analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-one patients (30%) developed one or more infections, with an infection rate of 15.2% per surgical event. For an implanted reservoir or drain, the infection rates were 15.9 and 16.4%, respectively. The study group consisted of 39 (55.7%) preterm infants (< 37 weeks) and 31 (44.3%) full-term infants (> or = 37 weeks), with infection rates of 33.3 and 25.8%, respectively. At the first surgical intervention 28 patients (40%) had a postmenstrual age less than 37 weeks, with an infection rate of 46.4%. At the time of surgery, 69.7% of the patients were aged less than 6 months, with an infection rate of 19.6%. The most frequent causative microorganism of the shunt infections was Staphylococcus epidermidis (42.1%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Prematurity is an important risk factor for ventricular catheter reservoir and ventriculoperitoneal drain-related infections, especially for patients with a postmenstrual age of less than 37 weeks at their initial shunt placement and extreme low birth weight infants have a high risk for infection. In our opinion the use of adequate antibiotic prophylaxis and optimal infection control measures are necessary to keep the rate of infection as low as possible.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Bruinsma
authors.forename: E E
authors.initials: EE
authors.lastname: Stobberingh
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Herpers
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Vles
authors.forename: B J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Weber
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Gavilanes
mesh_terms: D019072:Antibiotic Prophylaxis; D001424:Bacterial Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000382:microbiology; D002404:Catheterization / Q000009:adverse effects; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D006849:Hydrocephalus / Q000628:therapy*; D015994:Incidence; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature; D007235:Infant, Premature, Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D008297:Male; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D013203:Staphylococcal Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D013212:Staphylococcus epidermidis; D017287:Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt / Q000009:adverse effects*