title: Varicocele in pediatric patients: comparative assessment of different therapeutic approaches.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The best therapeutic approach for varicocele correction in pediatric patients is still an object of some debate. We analyzed a series of 99 patients to identify the most effective approach in terms of low recurrence rates and preservation of testicular growth.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred four operations were performed on 99 patients between 9 and 16 years of age (mean 13.3). The first 18 patients underwent sclerotherapy of the internal spermatic vein. Twenty others underwent inguinal varicocelectomy. In 12 patients, a modified Palomo procedure (ie, sparing of the internal spermatic artery) was performed (four laparoscopically), and 54 were treated with the original Palomo procedure (ie, sectioning of the entire spermatic cord), using laparoscopy in 20.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Three recurrences (16.6%) occurred among the patients treated with sclerotherapy. Similar rates of recurrence were observed in those who underwent inguinal varicocelectomy (3 [15%] of 20) and modified Palomo procedures (2 [16.6%] of 12). Only one recurrence occurred in the 54 patients treated with the original Palomo procedure (1.85%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our experience, together with a review of published reports, leads us to believe that the open Palomo procedure as originally described is the most effective approach to the correction of varicoceles in adolescents.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pediatric Surgery, Policlinico A. Gemelli, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pintus
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Rodriguez Matas
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Manzoni
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Nanni
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Perrelli
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D006801:Humans; D010535:Laparoscopy; D008297:Male; D010690:Phlebography; D015911:Sclerotherapy / Q000379:methods; D055502:Secondary Prevention; D013737:Testis / Q000098:blood supply / Q000254:growth & development; D013521:Urologic Surgical Procedures, Male; D014646:Varicocele / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*