title: Pregnancy-related changes in body fat.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine patterns of subcutaneous body fat change from preconception through 6 weeks postpartum, and factors that modify them.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective study of 557 healthy women enrolled prior to pregnancy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Body weight and skinfold thickness at the thigh, triceps, and subscapula, preconception, in each trimester, and 6 weeks postpartum, along with other variables.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Subcutaneous body fat stores remained stable (P>0.13) during the first 6 weeks after conception, and increased from 6 to 35 weeks by 1.5 mm at the triceps, 4.2 mm at the subscapular, and 7.3 mm (P<0.01) at the thigh areas. Body fat changes correlated poorly with weight changes, reflecting differences in the time course for the changes. They differed by preconceptional body mass index (BMI), parity, and infant gender (P<0.05). Women with the highest BMIs tended to gain less subcutaneous fat early, primiparous women gained more at thigh (P=0.01) and subscapular (P=0.027), and women carrying males had higher gains at the thigh (P=0.032) and subscapular sites (P=0.058) than other women. Breastfeeding status did not affect postpartum body fat changes, but women who breastfed exclusively had significantly lower skinfold thicknesses than non-exclusive breastfeeders from preconception through 6 weeks postpartum (P=0.041).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Subcutaneous body fat is stored and utilized at different sites at specific times during and after pregnancy. The pattern and amount of change varies depending on characteristics of women and their pregnancies.
authors.affiliation: Division of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA. abbey.sidebottom@ci.minneapolis.mn.us
authors.forename: A C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Sidebottom
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: D R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Jacobs
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue; D001823:Body Composition; D015992:Body Mass Index; D001835:Body Weight; D005260:Female; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010298:Parity; D049590:Postpartum Period; D011247:Pregnancy; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D012885:Skinfold Thickness