title: Increased plasma adhesion molecule levels in patients with heart failure who have ischemic heart disease and dilated cardiomyopathy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Inflammatory mechanisms, including leukocyte activation, appear to play a pathogenetic role in the development of heart failure. Vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) are important mediators of leukocyte adhesion to vascular endothelium. The plasma levels of the soluble form of these molecules may be elevated in chronic inflammation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We measured plasma VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 levels (in nanograms per milliliter) with the commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method in 12 patients (9 male, 3 female, aged 64 +/- 8 years) with dilated cardiomyopathy and heart failure, in 23 patients (23 male, aged 65 +/- 9 years) with ischemic cardiomyopathy and heart failure, and in 11 healthy control subjects (8 male, 3 female, aged 49 +/- 14 years). Plasma ICAM-1 levels were higher both in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy (363 +/- 77 ng/mL, P <.05) (mean +/- SEM) and in those with ischemic heart disease (320 +/- 32 ng/mL, P <.05) than in control subjects (225 +/- 29 ng/mL). VCAM-1 levels were also higher in both groups with heart failure (664 +/- 73 ng/mL) than in control subjects (551 +/- 60 ng/mL). VCAM-1 levels were higher in patients with class IV compared with those with class II and III heart failure.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Plasma adhesion molecule levels are increased in patients with heart failure and are unrelated to the presence or absence of angiographically demonstrable atherosclerotic coronary artery disease. The plasma level of VCAM-1 correlates with the severity of heart failure.
authors.affiliation: Cardiology Units, Hippokration Hospital, Athens University Medical School, 69 S Karagiorga, 16675, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Tousoulis
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Homaei
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ahmed
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Asimakopoulos
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Zouridakis
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Toutouzas
authors.forename: G J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Davies
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002311:Cardiomyopathy, Dilated / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D017023:Coronary Angiography; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017202:Myocardial Ischemia / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D011379:Prognosis; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D019010:Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D019010:Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1