title: Vascular endothelial growth factor expression and tumor angiogenesis are regulated by androgens in hormone responsive human prostate carcinoma: evidence for androgen dependent destabilization of vascular endothelial growth factor transcripts.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The hormonally regulated growth of some human carcinomas represents an important therapeutic target. We report that androgens modulate the angiogenic activity of hormone responsive human prostate cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  To define further the critical mechanisms underlying hormone responsiveness we examined the angiogenic mediator, vascular endothelial growth factor messenger (m) RNA and protein in response to androgens in vitro as well as the angiogenic response of xenografts of human prostate cancer after androgen withdrawal in vivo.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In vitro androgen deprivation of LnCaP prostate cancer cells led to decreased vascular endothelial growth factor mRNA and protein expression as well as a 5-fold destabilization in vascular endothelial growth factor mRNA transcripts. In addition, androgen withdrawal inhibited the hypoxic induction of vascular endothelial growth factor mRNA. In mice bearing LnCaP tumors castration resulted in a rapid decrease in mRNA expression and markedly reduced tumor neovascularization.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings implicate sex steroids as an important stimulus for vascular endothelial growth factor regulation in hormone sensitive tumors and demonstrate the reversal of neovascularization after hormone withdrawal as an early event in the tumor response to therapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Stewart
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Panigrahy
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Flynn
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Folkman
mesh_terms: D000728:Androgens / Q000502:physiology*; D016228:Endothelial Growth Factors / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D008222:Lymphokines / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D008297:Male; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000098:blood supply / Q000378:metabolism*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D042442:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors
chemical_list: D000728:Androgens; D016228:Endothelial Growth Factors; D008222:Lymphokines; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D042442:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors