title: Urinary glycosaminoglycan excretion in healthy subjects and in patients with mucopolysaccharidoses.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The mucopolysaccharidoses (MPS) are a group of lysosomal storage disorders caused by deficiency of enzymes catalyzing the stepwise degradation of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), and are transmitted in an autosomal recessive manner, except for Hunter syndrome.
  
  
  METHODS
  The levels of GAGs in 150 healthy subjects and 33 patients with MPS were determined, and results were expressed as milligrams of GAGs per grams of creatinine.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found that this ratio decreased with age during the first 15 years of life, but had a constant low rate between the ages of 17-40 years in healthy individuals. A different tendency was present in patients with MPS, because levels of GAG excretion in this group were higher (by four standard deviations up) compared with healthy individuals. The electrophoretic patterns of urinary GAGs in healthy subjects showed that the higher levels detected in urine were chondroitin sulfate (4 and 6) and a smaller quantity of dermatan sulfate, but in each MPS type its characteristic pattern was identified.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This is a simple, reproducible method suitable for routine laboratory separation, identification, and quantity of urinary GAGs and for diagnosing MPS syndromes.
authors.affiliation: División de Medicina Molecular, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico. marthaga@foreigner.class.udg.mx
authors.forename: M P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Gallegos-Arreola
authors.forename: M V
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Machorro-Lazo
authors.forename: S E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Flores-Martínez
authors.forename: G M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Zúñiga-González
authors.forename: L E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Figuera
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: González-Noriega
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sánchez-Corona
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006025:Glycosaminoglycans / Q000145:classification / Q000652:urine*; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009083:Mucopolysaccharidoses / Q000652:urine*
chemical_list: D006025:Glycosaminoglycans