title: Existence of variant gamma delta T cells in Crohn's disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  gamma delta T cell populations are well-known for their unique distribution (e.g. intra-epithelial lymphocytes). Though their ligands play a major role in the immune response they have remained largely obscure. To shed light on this issue, we have analyzed in this study the complementarity determining region (CDR) 3 of the T cell receptor (TCR) V delta 2 chains. This provides an insight into the antigenic immune response in the intestinal mucosa in sickness and health.
  
  
  METHODS
  Total RNA was extracted from surgically resected intestinal mucosa of patients with Crohn's disease (CD) and controls. TCR V delta 2 cDNA was PCR-amplified using V delta 2 sense primer and C delta antisense primer. The PCR products were then subcloned in pUC18 plasmid. From each sample, 20 subclones were randomly selected and subjected to nucleotide sequence analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sequence analysis revealed that the CDR3 sequences of the TCR V delta 2 chains were unique to each individual. The evidence also showed a significant restriction of the junctional diversity of the TCR V delta 2 chains while no such restriction was found for CD.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The marked complexity of the TCR V delta 2 junctional sequences and the oligoclonality of the TCR V delta 2 genes in the control subjects are indicative of a positive selection and expansion of specific T cells in the normal, healthy condition. In CD patients, however, the expression of distinct, non-overlapping TCR V delta 2 clonotypes can be found, suggesting polyclonal activation of gamma delta T cells in the diseased colon of CD patients. These findings have led us to conclude that accumulation of multiple gamma delta T cell clonotypes may be involved in the pathogenesis of CD.
authors.affiliation: First Department of Internal Medicine, Hirosaki University School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan. yishi-hki@umin.ac.jp
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ishiguro
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kanazawa
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yamagata
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sakuraba
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Munakata
mesh_terms: D003424:Crohn Disease / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology*; D017931:DNA Primers; D018076:DNA, Complementary; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D019676:Genes, T-Cell Receptor delta / Q000235:genetics*; D019675:Genes, T-Cell Receptor gamma / Q000235:genetics*; D014644:Genetic Variation; D006801:Humans; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D010957:Plasmids; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012313:RNA / Q000032:analysis; D011948:Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology*; D016692:Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta / Q000235:genetics; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D017931:DNA Primers; D018076:DNA, Complementary; D011948:Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell; D016692:Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta; D012313:RNA