title: Macroscopic extranodal invasion is a risk factor for tumor recurrence in papillary thyroid cancer.
abstract: Papillary thyroid cancer patients, upon whom curative operation was performed, were investigated to clarify whether or not macroscopic extranodal invasion is a risk factor for recurrence. They were divided into three groups: group A, patients whose primary tumor showed extrathyroidal invasion (n=31); group B, those whose metastatic lymph nodes showed extranodal invasion (n=6); group C, those who showed both extrathyroidal and extranodal invasion (n=9). Recurrence was significantly higher in groups B and C than in group A (P<0.05). It was concluded that macroscopic extranodal invasion to the adjacent structures was a risk factor for recurrence in patients with papillary thyroid cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy and Organ Technology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Asanuma
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kusama
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Maruyama
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fujimori
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Amano
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002291:Carcinoma, Papillary / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012008:Recurrence; D012307:Risk Factors; D013964:Thyroid Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery