title: Surgical correction of blepharoptosis in patients with myasthenia gravis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe the results of surgical correction of blepharoptosis in a series of patients with myasthenia gravis.
  
  
  METHODS
  We reviewed the medical records of all patients with myasthenia gravis who underwent surgical correction for blepharoptosis at the Mayo Clinic between 1985 and 1999. The primary outcome measure was change in interpalpebral eyelid fissure height.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eighteen blepharoptosis procedures were performed on 11 patients with myasthenia gravis. Eight of the 11 patients had ocular myasthenia gravis, and 3 had systemic myasthenia gravis. Of the 18 procedures performed, 11 were external levator advancements (ELA), 6 were frontalis slings, and 1 was a tarsomyectomy. Patients were followed up postoperatively for an average of 34 months (range, 9 to 126 months). The amount of ptosis was quantified preoperatively and postoperatively for 9 of the 11 eyelids that underwent ELA. For these eyelids, there was a statistically significant improvement in the mean interpalpebral eyelid fissure height, from 4.2 mm preoperatively to 8.1 mm postoperatively, with a mean difference of 3.9 mm (95% confidence interval, 2.3 to 5.5 mm; P = .0005). Postoperative complications included worsened diplopia in 1 patient who underwent ELA and exposure keratopathy in 1 patient who underwent a frontalis sling procedure. Two of the eyelids that underwent ELA developed recurrent ptosis, requiring additional surgery more than 2 years after the initial procedure.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Surgical correction of blepharoptosis is an appropriate treatment option in patients with myasthenia gravis who fail medical therapy. Potential complications include worsened diplopia and exposure keratopathy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
authors.forename: E A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Bradley
authors.forename: G B
authors.initials: GB
authors.lastname: Bartley
authors.forename: K L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Chapman
authors.forename: R R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Waller
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001763:Blepharoptosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009157:Myasthenia Gravis / Q000150:complications*; D020941:Myasthenia Gravis, Neonatal / Q000150:complications; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D019233:Retreatment; D012189:Retrospective Studies