title: Magnetic resonance imaging of the thalamic mediodorsal nucleus and pulvinar in schizophrenia and schizotypal personality disorder.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The importance of neuronal interactions in development, the cortical dependence of many thalamic nuclei, and the phenomenon of transsynaptic degeneration suggest possible abnormalities in thalamic nuclei with connections to other brain regions implicated in schizophrenia. Because frontal and temporal lobe volumes are diminished in schizophrenia, volume loss could characterize their primary thalamic relay nuclei (mediodorsal nucleus [MDN] and pulvinar).
  
  
  METHODS
  Tracers delineated the thalamus, MDN, and pulvinar on contiguous 1.2-mm magnetic resonance images in 12 schizophrenic patients, 12 with schizotypal personality disorder (SPD), and 12 normal control subjects. The MDN and pulvinar were rendered visible by means of a Sobel intensity-gradient filter.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Pixel overlap for delineation of all structures by independent tracers was at least 80%; intraclass correlations were r = 0.78 for MDN and r = 0.83 for pulvinar. Pulvinar volume was smaller in schizophrenic (1.22 +/- 0.24 cm(3)) and SPD (1.20 +/- 0.23 cm(3)) patients than controls (1.37 +/- 0.25 cm(3)). Differences for MDN were not statistically significant; however, when expressed as percentage of total brain volume, pulvinar and MDN together were reduced in SPD (0.14%) and schizophrenic (0.15%) patients vs controls (0.16%). Reductions were more prominent in the left hemisphere, with MDN reduced only in the schizophrenic group, and pulvinar in both patient groups. Total thalamic volume did not differ among the 3 groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Measurement of MDN and pulvinar in magnetic resonance images is feasible and reproducible. Schizophrenic and SPD patients have volume reduction in the pulvinar, but only schizophrenic patients show reduction relative to brain volume in MDN.
authors.affiliation: Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA. byne@mindspring.com
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Byne
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Buchsbaum
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kemether
authors.forename: E A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Hazlett
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shinwari
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Mitropoulou
authors.forename: L J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Siever
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001921:Brain / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008297:Male; D020645:Mediodorsal Thalamic Nucleus / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D009434:Neural Pathways / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D020649:Pulvinar / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000175:diagnosis*; D012569:Schizotypal Personality Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis*; D013788:Thalamus / Q000033:anatomy & histology