title: Recombinant human extracellular matrix protein 1 inhibits alkaline phosphatase activity and mineralization of mouse embryonic metatarsals in vitro.
abstract: Two mRNAs are transcribed from the extracellular matrix protein 1 gene (Ecm1): Ecm1a and an alternatively spliced Ecm1b. We studied Ecm1 mRNA expression and localization during endochondral bone formation and investigated the effect of recombinant human (rh) Ecm1a protein on organ cultures of embryonic mouse metatarsals. Of the two transcripts, Ecm1a mRNA was predominantly expressed in fetal metacarpals from day 16 to 19 after gestation. Ecm1 expression was not found in 16- and 17-day-old metatarsals of which the perichondrium was removed. In situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry demonstrated Ecm1 expression in the connective tissues surrounding the developing bones, but not in the cartilage. Biological effects of rhEcm1a protein on fetal metatarsal cultures were biphasic: at low concentrations, Ecm1a stimulated alkaline phosphatase activity and had no effect on mineralization, whereas at higher concentrations, Ecm1a dose dependently inhibited alkaline phosphatase activity and mineralization. These results suggest that Ecm1a acts as a novel negative regulator of endochondral bone formation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, University Hospital Leiden, Leiden, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Deckers
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Smits
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Karperien
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ni
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Tylzanowski
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Parmelee
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bouffard
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gentz
authors.forename: C W
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Löwik
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Merregaert
mesh_terms: D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D002113:Calcification, Physiologic / Q000502:physiology*; D002132:Calcium Radioisotopes; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000502:physiology; D019902:Chondrocytes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000166:cytology / Q000201:enzymology; D016326:Extracellular Matrix Proteins / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D005552:Forelimb / Q000196:embryology; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008682:Metatarsal Bones / Q000166:cytology / Q000196:embryology / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D019899:Paracrine Communication / Q000502:physiology; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D002132:Calcium Radioisotopes; C490607:ECM1 protein, human; C094556:Ecm1 protein, mouse; D016326:Extracellular Matrix Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase