title: Soluble L-selectin at levels present in septic patients diminishes leukocyte-endothelial cell interactions in mice in vivo: a mechanism for decreased leukocyte delivery to remote sites in sepsis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Recent in vivo studies of both septic humans and animals demonstrate that leukocyte delivery is attenuated to sites remote from the primary infection. The mechanisms for this are not entirely clear. L-selectin is integral to rolling, the first step in leukocyte recruitment to an inflammatory site. L-selectin is shed from leukocytes in sepsis, resulting in increased levels of soluble L-selectin in plasma (2.33 microg/mL). This study investigates the effects of soluble L-selectin at levels found in sepsis on leukocyte trafficking in vivo.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective, controlled trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  Surgical research laboratory in a university hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Swiss white male mice of 25-35 g.
  
  
  METHODS
  Mice were randomized to one of three study groups: soluble L-selectin 2.33, soluble L-selectin 8.0, or albumin. Intravital microscopy was performed on postcapillary venules of 20-40 microm in diameter in the cremaster muscle of mice. Leukocyte-endothelial cell interactions (rolling, adherence, and rolling velocity) were measured pre- and post- (1, 15, 30, and 45 mins) intravenous infusion of human recombinant soluble L-selectin (2.33 and 8.0 microg/mL) or human albumin (8.0 microg/mL).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The intravenous administration of soluble L-selectin to a systemic concentration of 2.33 microg/mL diminished rolling significantly. Soluble L-selectin at 8.0 microg/mL decreased rolling and increased rolling velocity to a greater degree. Injection of albumin did not alter leukocyte-endothelial cell interactions at any time point. No difference between groups in blood pressure, shear rate, or leukocyte counts was detected.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Soluble L-selectin diminishes leukocyte rolling at levels present in sepsis (2.33 microg/mL). This effect is dose dependent, and could not be explained by differences in blood pressure, shear rate, or leukocyte counts. These findings identify increased soluble L-selectin levels as one of the mechanisms for decreased leukocyte delivery and exudation to remote sites in septic patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
authors.forename: L E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Ferri
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Swartz
authors.forename: N V
authors.initials: NV
authors.lastname: Christou
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D002448:Cell Adhesion / Q000276:immunology*; D004306:Dose-Response Relationship, Immunologic; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D019041:L-Selectin / Q000097:blood* / Q000276:immunology; D007962:Leukocytes / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008815:Mice, Inbred Strains; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011897:Random Allocation; D018805:Sepsis / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D019041:L-Selectin