title: Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) versus endoscopic variceal ligation in the prevention of variceal rebleeding in patients with cirrhosis: a randomised trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) is a new therapeutic modality for variceal bleeding. In this study we compared the two year survival and rebleeding rates in cirrhotic patients treated by either variceal band ligation or TIPS for variceal bleeding.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighty cirrhotic patients (Pugh score 7-12) with variceal bleeding were randomly allocated to TIPS (n=41) or ligation (n=39), 24 hours after control of bleeding.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean follow up was 581 days in the ligation group and 678 days in the TIPS group. The two year survival rate was 57% in the TIPS group and 56% in the ligation group (NS); the incidence of variceal rebleeding after two years was 18% in the TIPS group and 66% in the ligation group (p<0.001). Uncontrolled rebleeding occurred in 11 patients in the ligation group (eight were rescued by emergency TIPS) but in none of the TIPS group. The incidence of encephalopathy at two years was 47% in the TIPS group and 44% in the ligation group (NS).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  TIPS did not increase the two year survival rate compared with variceal band ligation after variceal bleeding in cirrhotic patients with moderate or severe liver failure. It significantly reduced the incidence of variceal rebleeding without increasing the rate of encephalopathy.
authors.affiliation: Liver Unit, Hôpital Saint-Luc, CHUM and Université de Montréal, 164, East René-Lévesque Boulevard, Montréal, Québec, Canada H2X 1P1. hepato.saint-lux@sympatico.ca
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pomier-Layrargues
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Villeneuve
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Deschênes
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bui
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Perreault
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Fenyves
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Willems
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Marleau
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bilodeau
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lafortune
authors.forename: M P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Dufresne
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D004932:Esophageal and Gastric Varices / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006471:Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006501:Hepatic Encephalopathy / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D006801:Humans; D007902:Length of Stay; D008026:Ligation / Q000379:methods; D008103:Liver Cirrhosis / Q000150:complications*; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019168:Portasystemic Shunt, Transjugular Intrahepatic / Q000379:methods*; D055502:Secondary Prevention; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D016019:Survival Analysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome