title: Recruitment of participants for the Estrogen Replacement and Atherosclerosis (ERA) trial. a comparison of costs, yields, and participant characteristics from community- and hospital-based recruitment strategies.
abstract: This paper documents recruitment for the Estrogen Replacement and Atherosclerosis trial, a multicenter, placebo-controlled, double-blind angiographic trial of the effects of opposed and unopposed estrogen on coronary atherosclerosis in postmenopausal women (average scheduled duration of follow-up 3.2 years). We compare costs, yields, and participant characteristics between community-based and hospital-based recruitment strategies. We further compare community-based enriched sources (i.e., those that allowed self-selection or targeted women with known health characteristics) and nonenriched sources. Data gathered on potential participants include method of contact, clinical site, eligibility, completion of screening visits, and randomization rates. Demographic data on participants include age, race, education, marital status, and income. Self-reported health status, smoking status, lipid level, ejection fraction as well as history of chest pain, hypertension, and diabetes were recorded at baseline. Recruitment costs were estimated from employee salaries and costs of screening tests and procedures. Yields were compared by clinical site and by method of contact. Enriched sources of recruitment yielded higher percentages of enrolled participants than nonenriched sources. Both types of source resulted in demographically similar participants. Costs of community-based recruitment were less than hospital-based recruitment; however, screening costs were higher. Overall, screening and recruitment averaged $2508 per randomized participant. Control Clin Trials 2001;22:13-25
authors.affiliation: Department of Anthropology, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC 27109, USA. folmarsj@wfu.edu
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Folmar
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Oates-Williams
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sharp
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Reboussin
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Cheshire
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Macer
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Potvin Klein
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Herrington
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D017023:Coronary Angiography / Q000191:economics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000191:economics / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D003365:Costs and Cost Analysis; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D015914:Estrogen Replacement Therapy / Q000191:economics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D004966:Estrogens, Conjugated (USP) / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008403:Mass Screening / Q000191:economics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D017258:Medroxyprogesterone Acetate / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D008875:Middle Aged; D018579:Patient Selection; D012931:Social Environment
chemical_list: D004966:Estrogens, Conjugated (USP); D017258:Medroxyprogesterone Acetate