title: Single-daily ceftriaxone plus amikacin versus thrice-daily ceftazidime plus amikacin as empirical treatment of febrile neutropenia in children with cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Empirical antibiotic treatment for febrile neutropenic patients has been the mainstay of treatment for many years. Beta-lactam antibiotics and aminoglycosides have been the most frequently used drug combination. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy, safety, tolerance and costs of single-daily ceftriaxone plus amikacin versus thrice-daily dose of ceftazidime plus amikacin.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred and ninety-one episodes of fever and neutropenia in 128 patients from October 1997 to December 1998 were included in a prospective, open-label, single-centre study. Patients were randomly assigned to either treatment group and evaluated as successes or failures according to defined criteria. Daily assessments were made on all patients and all adverse events recorded. Univariate and multivariate analysis of outcomes and a cost analysis were carried out.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were 176 evaluable patient-episodes with 51.1% in the single-daily ceftriaxone-amikacin group and 48.9% in the ceftazidime-amikacin group. There were 50 positive blood cultures: 12 Gram-positive bacteria, 33 Gram-negative bacteria and five fungi. Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) accounted for 14% of total isolates. The overall success rate was 55.5% in the ceftriaxone group compared to 51.2% in the ceftazidime group (P = 0.56). Mean time to defervescence was 4.2 days in the single-daily group and 4.3 days in the thrice-daily group. There were nine infection-related deaths; five in the single-daily ceftriaxone group. The daily cost of the once-daily regime was 42 Malaysian Ringgit less than the thrice-daily regime. There was a low incidence of adverse effects in both groups, although ototoxicity was not evaluable.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The once-daily regime of ceftriaxone plus amikacin was as effective as the 'standard' combination of thrice-daily ceftazidime and amikacin with no significant adverse effects in either group. The convenience and substantial cost benefit of the once-daily regime will be particularly useful in developing countries with limited health resources and in centres with a low prevalence of P. aeruginosa.
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatrics, University of Malaya Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. hany@medicine.med.um.edu.my
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ariffin
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Arasu
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mahfuzah
authors.forename: W A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Ariffin
authors.forename: L L
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.forename: H P
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: Lin
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000583:Amikacin / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000191:economics; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000191:economics; D016470:Bacteremia / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D002442:Ceftazidime / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000191:economics; D002443:Ceftriaxone / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000191:economics; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000150:complications*; D009503:Neutropenia / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D011446:Prospective Studies; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D002443:Ceftriaxone; D000583:Amikacin; D002442:Ceftazidime