title: Accuracy and reliability of APACHE II scoring in two intensive care units Problems and pitfalls in the use of APACHE II and suggestions for improvement.
abstract: Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II scoring is widely used as an index of illness severity, for outcome prediction, in research protocols and to assess intensive care unit performance and quality of care. Despite its widespread use, little is known about the reliability and validity of APACHE II scores generated in everyday clinical practice. We retrospectively re-assessed APACHE II scores from the charts of 186 randomly selected patients admitted to our medical and surgical intensive care units. These 'new' scores were compared with the original scores calculated by the attending physician. We found that most scores calculated retrospectively were lower than the original scores; 51% of our patients would have received a lower score, 26% a higher score and only 23% would have remained unchanged. Overall, the original scores changed by an average of 6.4 points. We identified various sources of error and concluded that wide variability exists in APACHE II scoring in everyday clinical practice, with the score being generally overestimated. Accurate use of the APACHE II scoring system requires adherence to strict guidelines and regular training of medical staff using the system.
authors.affiliation: Surgical and Medical Intensive Care Units, University Hospital Vrije Universiteit, PO Box 7057, 1007 MB Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: K H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Polderman
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Girbes
authors.forename: L G
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Thijs
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Strack van Schijndel
mesh_terms: D018806:APACHE; D019983:Guideline Adherence; D006801:Humans; D007362:Intensive Care Units / Q000592:standards* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D016347:Medical Records Systems, Computerized; D008875:Middle Aged; D015588:Observer Variation; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012189:Retrospective Studies