title: Percutaneous sacral nerve root neuromodulation for intractable interstitial cystitis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We evaluated the efficacy of percutaneous sacral nerve root neuromodulation in women with refractory interstitial cystitis.
  
  
  METHODS
  We prospectively evaluated 15 consecutive women with a mean age of 62 years who had refractory interstitial cystitis to determine the efficacy of percutaneous stimulation of the S3 sacral roots. The mean duration of symptoms before evaluation was 5.2 years. All women fulfilled the National Institute of Arthritis, Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases criteria for the diagnosis of interstitial cystitis and were unresponsive to standard oral or intravesical therapy. The response to treatment was assessed using pain scores, urinary diary variables and quality of life surveys.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean voided volume during treatment increased from 90 to 143 ml. (p <0.001). Mean daytime frequency and nocturia decreased from 20 to 11 and 6 to 2 times (p = 0.012 and 0.007, respectively). Mean bladder pain decreased from 8.9 to 2.4 points on a scale of 0 to 10 (p <0.001). As indicated by the Short Urinary Distress Inventory and SF-36 Health Survey, the quality of life parameters of social functioning, bodily pain and general health significantly improved during the stimulation period. Of the women 73% requested to proceed to complete sacral nerve root implantation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Women with intractable interstitial cystitis respond favorably to percutaneous sacral stimulation with significant improvement in pelvic pain, daytime frequency, nocturia, urgency and average voided volume. Permanent sacral implantation may be an effective treatment modality in refractory interstitial cystitis but further long-term evaluation is required.
authors.affiliation: Urogynaecology Department, Royal Women's Hospital and Mercy Hospital for Women, Melbourne, Australia.
authors.forename: C F
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Maher
authors.forename: M P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Carey
authors.forename: P L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Dwyer
authors.forename: P L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Schluter
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D018856:Cystitis, Interstitial / Q000628:therapy*; D004599:Electric Stimulation Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008160:Lumbosacral Plexus; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies