title: Pathophysiological role of cytokines in congestive heart failure.
abstract: Heart failure is a complex neurohumoral and inflammatory syndrome. Recent studies have shown that proinflammatory cytokines (interleukin-1, interleukin-2, interleukin-6, interleukin-10, and tumor necrosis factor) are involved in cardiac depression and in the complex syndrome of heart failure. Understanding the involvement of these cytokines may enable us to reverse cardiac depression and heart failure by the use of monoclonal antibodies directed against specific cytokines to block the downhill progression of heart failure.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Poria Hospital, Lower Galilee 15208, Israel.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Blum
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Miller
mesh_terms: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001341:Autonomic Nervous System / Q000503:physiopathology; D016207:Cytokines / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D018450:Disease Progression; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology* / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000276:immunology*; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000276:immunology*; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000276:immunology*; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000276:immunology*; D018377:Neurotransmitter Agents / Q000502:physiology; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000276:immunology*; D000093242:Interleukin-6 Inhibitors
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D016207:Cytokines; D007375:Interleukin-1; D016753:Interleukin-10; D007376:Interleukin-2; D015850:Interleukin-6; D018377:Neurotransmitter Agents; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D000093242:Interleukin-6 Inhibitors