title: Elicitation of high-frequency cytotoxic T-lymphocyte responses against both dominant and subdominant simian-human immunodeficiency virus epitopes by DNA vaccination of rhesus monkeys.
abstract: Increasing evidence suggests that the generation of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) responses specific for a diversity of viral epitopes will be needed for an effective human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) vaccine. Here, we determine the frequencies of CTL responses specific for the simian immunodeficiency virus Gag p11C and HIV-1 Env p41A epitopes in simian-human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV)-infected and vaccinated rhesus monkeys. The p11C-specific CTL response was high frequency and dominant and the p41A-specific CTL response was low frequency and subdominant in both SHIV-infected monkeys and in monkeys vaccinated with recombinant modified vaccinia virus Ankara vectors expressing these viral antigens. Interestingly, we found that plasmid DNA vaccination led to high-frequency CTL responses specific for both of these epitopes. These data demonstrate that plasmid DNA may be useful in eliciting a broad CTL response against multiple epitopes.
authors.affiliation: Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA. dan_barouch@hotmail.com
authors.forename: D H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Barouch
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Craiu
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Santra
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Egan
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Schmitz
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Kuroda
authors.forename: T M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Fu
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Nam
authors.forename: L S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Wyatt
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Lifton
authors.forename: G R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Krivulka
authors.forename: C E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Nickerson
authors.forename: C I
authors.initials: CI
authors.lastname: Lord
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Moss
authors.forename: M G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Lewis
authors.forename: V M
authors.initials: VM
authors.lastname: Hirsch
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Shiver
authors.forename: N L
authors.initials: NL
authors.lastname: Letvin
mesh_terms: D016915:AIDS Vaccines / Q000276:immunology*; D000818:Animals; D018984:Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte / Q000276:immunology*; D015683:Gene Products, gag / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D015700:HIV Envelope Protein gp41 / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D016056:Immunodominant Epitopes / Q000276:immunology; D008253:Macaca mulatta; D018449:SAIDS Vaccines / Q000276:immunology*; D016097:Simian Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control; D015302:Simian Immunodeficiency Virus / Q000276:immunology; D013602:T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic / Q000276:immunology*; D014611:Vaccination; D019444:Vaccines, DNA / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D016915:AIDS Vaccines; D018984:Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte; D015683:Gene Products, gag; D015700:HIV Envelope Protein gp41; D016056:Immunodominant Epitopes; D018449:SAIDS Vaccines; D019444:Vaccines, DNA