title: Toluene increases acute thermonociception in mice.
abstract: Toluene is an abused solvent widely used in several commercial products. Recent evidence indicates that this solvent is a non-competitive inhibitor of NMDA receptors. Since NMDA receptors have been implicated in pain, this paper describes studies of the effects of increasing concentrations of inhaled toluene on nociception. Swiss Webster mice were exposed to toluene (500-8000 ppm) in static exposure chambers for 30 min. After completing the exposure period, animals were tested for nociception using the hot plate test. Toluene dose-dependently increased nociception as reflected by shorter latencies for the reflex, paw-lick and escape responses in toluene-treated mice with respect to their controls (animals exposed to air). In order to determine the possible role of opioids in this response, morphine (1-10 mg/kg) was injected before toluene inhalation. Toluene was not able to block morphine-induced antinocieption, however, it produced a shift of the morphine dose-response curve to lower effects, suggesting a physiological antagonism. No potentiation was seen when toluene was administered in combination with naloxone. Present results suggest that toluene increases nociception via neurotransmitter systems others than the glutamatergic.
authors.affiliation: Departmento de Farmacobiología, Cinvestav IPN, Apartado Postal 22026, 14000 Mexico D.F., Mexico. jcmolcruz@compuserve.com.mx
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Cruz
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Páez-Martínez
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Pellicer
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Salazar
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: López-Rubalcava
mesh_terms: D000280:Administration, Inhalation; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D006358:Hot Temperature; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D009020:Morphine / Q000494:pharmacology; D009619:Nociceptors / Q000187:drug effects*; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000187:drug effects*; D004856:Postural Balance / Q000187:drug effects; D011930:Reaction Time / Q000187:drug effects; D016194:Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D014050:Toluene / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D016194:Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; D014050:Toluene; D009020:Morphine