title: 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin decreases responsiveness of the hypothalamus to estradiol as a feedback inducer of preovulatory gonadotropin secretion in the immature gonadotropin-primed rat.
abstract: Sprague-Dawley rats (23-day-old) were dosed with TCDD (32 microg/kg) in corn oil or vehicle alone. Equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG) was injected (5 IU, sc) 24 h later to induce follicular development. Another 24 h later, half of TCDD- or corn oil-treated rats were injected (sc) with 17 beta-estradiol-cypionate (ECP, at 0.004 to 0.5 mg/kg). Blood and ovaries were collected on expected proestrous (preovulatory period) at 51, 54, and 58 h after eCG injection as well as in the morning after ovulation (72 h after eCG). Serum concentrations of 17 beta-estradiol (E), progesterone (P), luteinizing hormone (LH), and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) were determined by radioimmunoassay. The number of ova shed was measured at 72 h after injection of eCG by irrigating ova from oviducts. During the preovulatory period (approximately 58 h after eCG injection), a circulating level of 70-100 pg E/ml coincided with LH and FSH surges and later normal ovulation of 10 to 12 ova/rat was observed in controls. However, the same concentration of E was not associated with LH and FSH surges in rats treated with TCDD (32 microg/kg), resulting in reduced ovarian weight gain and reduction of ovulation by 70 to 80% (2-3 ova/rat). Blockage of the gonadotropin surge, reduced ovarian weight gain, and ovulation were all reversed completely by the lowest effective dose of ECP (0.1 mg/kg). At 72 h after eCG, serum P secretion was reduced and serum E levels were significantly increased compared to those of corn oil-treated controls. ECP alone had no effect on serum P levels at any time point, but in rats treated with TCDD and ECP, both the reduction of P (at 58 and 72 h) and the increase in E secretion (72 h) were completely reversed. Further studies confirmed that restoration by ECP of gonadotropin surges and associated ovulation could not be attained until circulating levels of E rose sufficiently high to trigger the LH and FSH surges. The new action threshold of E for inducing gonadotropin surges in rats treated with TCDD (32 microg/kg) was determined to be eight- to 10-fold higher than that in controls. Thus, it is apparent that TCDD decreased the responsiveness of the hypothalamus to E as a feedback inducer of preovulatory gonadotropin secretion.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas 66160, USA.
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mizuyachi
authors.forename: P F
authors.initials: PF
authors.lastname: Terranova
authors.forename: K K
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Rozman
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D004958:Estradiol / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone / Q000097:blood; D005498:Follicular Phase; D006062:Gonadotropins / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D007030:Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System / Q000187:drug effects; D007031:Hypothalamus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D007986:Luteinizing Hormone / Q000097:blood; D023421:Models, Animal; D009929:Organ Size / Q000187:drug effects; D010053:Ovary / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D010060:Ovulation / Q000187:drug effects; D000072317:Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins / Q000633:toxicity*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D006062:Gonadotropins; D000072317:Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins; D004958:Estradiol; C007630:estradiol 17 beta-cypionate; D007986:Luteinizing Hormone; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone