title: Prevalence of headache in an elderly population: attack frequency, disability, and use of medication.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the 1 year prevalence of tension-type headache (TTH), migraine headache (MH), and chronic daily headache (CDH), as well as of headache in general in a rural elderly population.
  
  
  METHODS
  A door to door two phase survey was carried out on all elderly (>/=65 years) residents in three villages in central Italy. Participants completed a standardised headache questionnaire and underwent a clinical evaluation by a neurologist. Headache diagnosis was made according to the classification of the International Headache Society, with minor modifications for the classification of patients with MH with>/=15 attacks/month.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eight hundred and thirty three (72.6%) of the 1147 eligible persons completed the study protocol. One year prevalence rates were respectively 44.5% for TTH, 11.0% for MH, 2.2% for symptomatic headaches, and 0.7% for the remaining types of headache. The prevalence of headache in general was 51.0% because 62 residents had both TTH and MH attacks. Prevalence rates of patients with headache were higher in women than men (62.1% and 36.6% respectively) and decreased steadily with age for the 65-74, 75-84, and 85-96 age groups (56.7%, 45.2% and 26.1% respectively). Prevalence rates were 20.4% for patients with moderate to severe attacks, 18.0% for those with >/=1 attacks a month, and 4.4% for those with CDH. Of the 425 with headache 52 (12.2%) had not taken any drugs for their attacks in the previous year, 195 (45.9%) had taken them regularly, and 178 (41.9%) had taken them only when the headache pain interfered with activities that could not be postponed. Medication overuse was reported by 37.8% of patients with CDH with higher proportions for transformed migraine than for patients with chronic TTH (69.2% and 23.8% respectively, p=0.009)
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A consistent proportion of elderly people have primary headaches and consultation with a specialist is particularly recommended for patients with moderate or severe attacks, or with CDH.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurological Sciences, La Sapienza University, Via dell'Amba Aradam 21, 00184 Rome Rome, Italy. max.prencipe@uniroma1.it
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Prencipe
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Casini
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ferretti
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Santini
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Pezzella
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Scaldaferri
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Culasso
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017668:Age of Onset; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D006261:Headache / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011159:Population Surveillance / Q000379:methods*; D015995:Prevalence