title: Structure of the human zinc finger protein HIVEP3: molecular cloning, expression, exon-intron structure, and comparison with paralogous genes HIVEP1 and HIVEP2.
abstract: Here we report the cloning and characterization of HIVEP3, the newest member in the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 enhancer-binding protein family that encodes large zinc finger proteins and regulates transcription via the kappaB enhancer motif. The largest open reading frame of HIVEP3 contains 2406 aa. and is approximately 80% identical to the mouse counterpart. The HIVEP3 gene is located in the chromosomal region 1p34 and is at least 300 kb with 10 exons. RNA studies show that multiple HIVEP3 transcripts are differentially expressed and regulated. Additionally, transcription termination occurs in the ultimate exon, exon 10, or in exon 6. Therefore, HIVEP3 may produce protein isoforms that contain or exclude the carboxyl DNA binding domain and the leucine zipper by alternative RNA splicing and differential polyadenylation. Sequence homologous to HIVEP3 exon 6 is not found in mouse nor are the paralogous genes HIVEP1 and HIVEP2. Zoo-blot analysis suggests that sequences homologous to the human exon 6 are present only in primates and cow. Therefore, a foreign DNA harboring a termination exon likely was inserted into the HIVEP3 locus relatively recently in evolution, resulting in the acquisition of novel gene regulatory mechanisms as well as the generation of structural and functional diversity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology, and Medical Genetics, College of Medicine and Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA.
authors.forename: M D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Hicar
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: C E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Allen
authors.forename: L C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Wu
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D015152:Blotting, Northern; D015139:Blotting, Southern; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics; D002878:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 1; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D003360:Cosmids; D018076:DNA, Complementary / Q000378:metabolism; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics*; D005091:Exons; D020224:Expressed Sequence Tags; D015723:Gene Library; D006801:Humans; D007438:Introns; D051379:Mice; D008957:Models, Genetic; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D015345:Oligonucleotide Probes / Q000378:metabolism; D016366:Open Reading Frames; D010802:Phylogeny; D011061:Poly A / Q000378:metabolism; D020033:Protein Isoforms; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D014018:Tissue Distribution; D014157:Transcription Factors; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D016335:Zinc Fingers
chemical_list: D002352:Carrier Proteins; D018076:DNA, Complementary; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; C063232:HIVEP1 protein, human; C425103:HIVEP3 protein, human; C084779:Hivep3 protein, mouse; D015345:Oligonucleotide Probes; D020033:Protein Isoforms; D014157:Transcription Factors; C077171:HIVEP2 protein, human; D011061:Poly A