title: 47,XXX male: A clinical and molecular study.
abstract: We report a 53-year-old Japanese male with a 47,XXX karyotype. His clinical features included hypoplastic scrotal testes (4 ml bilaterally), normally formed small penis (3.8 cm), relatively poor pubic hair development (Tanner stage 3), gynecomastia, age-appropriate male height (159.1 cm), and mental retardation (verbal IQ of 56). Serum testosterone was markedly reduced (0.6 nmol/L). A needle biopsy showed severe testicular degeneration. FISH analysis revealed complex mosaicism consisting of (1) 47,XXX cells with a single copy of SRY (n = 177), two copies of SRY (n = 3), and no SRY (n = 1); (2) 46,XX cells with a single copy of SRY (n = 9) and no SRY (n = 3); (3) 45,X cells with no SRY (n = 5); and (4) 48,XXXX cells with a single copy of SRY (n = 1) and two copies of SRY (n = 1). PCR analysis showed the presence of Yp portion with the breakpoint between DYS264 and AMELY. Microsatellite analysis demonstrated three alleles for DMD and AR. X-inactivation analysis for the methylation status of the AR gene showed random inactivation of the three X chromosomes. The results suggest that this 47,XXX male has resulted from abnormal X-Y interchange during paternal meiosis and X-X nondisjunction during maternal meiosis. Complex mosaicism may be due to the age-related increase in mitotic nondisjunction which is prone to occur in rapidly dividing lymphocytes and to the presence of two randomly inactivated X chromosomes which may behave asynchronously during mitosis, and clinical features of this male would primarily be explained by the genetic information on the SRY (+) der(X) chromosome and his advanced age.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan. t-ogata@po.iijnet.or.jp
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ogata
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Matsuo
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Muroya
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Koyama
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fukutani
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D004303:Dosage Compensation, Genetic; D006801:Humans; D017404:In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence; D007621:Karyotyping; D008297:Male; D018895:Microsatellite Repeats; D008875:Middle Aged; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D012729:Sex Chromosome Aberrations / Q000235:genetics*; D051876:Sex-Determining Region Y Protein; D014157:Transcription Factors; D014960:X Chromosome / Q000235:genetics*; D014998:Y Chromosome / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; C497745:SRY protein, human; D051876:Sex-Determining Region Y Protein; D014157:Transcription Factors