title: Pregnancy after tubal sterilization with silicone rubber band and spring clip application.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine risk factors for pregnancy after tubal sterilization with silicone rubber bands or spring clips.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 3329 women sterilized using silicone rubber bands and 1595 women sterilized using spring clips were followed for up to 14 years as part of a prospective cohort study conducted in medical centers in nine US cities. We assessed the risk of pregnancy by cumulative life-table probabilities and proportional hazards analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The risk of pregnancy for women who had silicone rubber band application differed by location of band application and study site. The 10-year cumulative probabilities of pregnancy varied from a low of 0.0 per 1000 procedures at one study site to a high of 42.5 per 1000 procedures in the four combined sites in which fewer than 100 procedures per site were performed. The risk of pregnancy for women who had spring clip application varied by location of clip application, study site, race or ethnicity, tubal disease, and history of abdominal or pelvic surgery. The probabilities across study sites ranged from 7.1 per 1000 procedures at 10 years to 78.0 per 1000 procedures at 5 years (follow-up was limited to 5 years at that site).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The 10-year cumulative probability of pregnancy after silicone rubber band and spring clip application is low but varies substantially by both clinical and demographic characteristics.
authors.affiliation: Division of Reproductive Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
authors.forename: H B
authors.initials: HB
authors.lastname: Peterson
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Xia
authors.forename: L S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Wilcox
authors.forename: L R
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Tylor
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Trussell
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D015993:Life Tables; D011247:Pregnancy / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011336:Probability; D012307:Risk Factors; D012826:Silicone Elastomers; D013246:Sterilization, Tubal / Q000379:methods*; D013525:Surgical Instruments; D014481:United States
chemical_list: D012826:Silicone Elastomers