title: Does a cdc2 kinase-like recognition motif on the core protein of hepadnaviruses regulate assembly and disintegration of capsids?
abstract: Hepadnaviruses are enveloped viruses, each with a DNA genome packaged in an icosahedral nucleocapsid, which is the site of viral DNA synthesis. In the presence of envelope proteins, DNA-containing nucleocapsids are assembled into virions and secreted, but in the absence of these proteins, nucleocapsids deliver viral DNA into the cell nucleus. Presumably, this step is identical to the delivery of viral DNA during the initiation of an infection. Unfortunately, the mechanisms triggering the disintegration of subviral core particles and delivery of viral DNA into the nucleus are not yet understood. We now report the identification of a sequence motif resembling a serine- or threonine-proline kinase recognition site in the core protein at a location that is required for the assembly of core polypeptides into capsids. Using duck hepatitis B virus, we demonstrated that mutations at this sequence motif can have profound consequences for RNA packaging, DNA replication, and core protein stability. Furthermore, we found a mutant with a conditional phenotype that depended on the cell type used for virus replication. Our results support the hypothesis predicting that this motif plays a role in assembly and disassembly of viral capsids.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Cancer Research, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19111, USA.
authors.forename: M I
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Barrasa
authors.forename: J T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Saputelli
authors.forename: W S
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Mason
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Seeger
mesh_terms: D020816:Amino Acid Motifs; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D016203:CDC2 Protein Kinase / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D002213:Capsid / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D004261:DNA Replication; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000378:metabolism; D015967:Gene Expression Regulation, Viral; D015611:Hepatitis B Virus, Duck / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D014758:Viral Core Proteins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D019065:Virus Assembly; D014779:Virus Replication
chemical_list: D004279:DNA, Viral; D014758:Viral Core Proteins; D016203:CDC2 Protein Kinase