title: Radiotherapy of esthesioneuroblastoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Only 3% of all malignant intranasal tumors are esthesioneuroblastomas (ENB). As the tumor is very rare, the number of ENB treated in individual departments is small. In order to evaluate the efficacy of radiotherapy (RT), patients' data of 2 centres were analysed with reference to new reports in literature.
  
  
  METHODS
  From 1981 to 1998, 17 patients with ENB, 8 men and 9 women aged between 6 and 81 years, were treated in the departments of radiotherapy of the universities of Cologne and Muenster. The tumors were Kadish Stage B in 4/17 patients and Stage C in 13/17 patients. Treatment included incomplete surgery and irradiation in 2/17 patients, adjuvant RT postoperatively in 6/17 patients, definitive RT in 7/17 patients and RT after incomplete surgery of recurrent tumors in 2/17 patients. Postoperatively, the median target dose of EBRT was 56 (range 50-60) Gy; for definitive RT it was 58 (range 40-70) Gy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After a median follow-up period of 86 (range 2-208) months 10/17 patients showed no evidence of disease (NED). There were 6 patients treated with radical complete surgery plus postoperative irradiation and 5 of them were NED. There were 7 patients treated with only irradiation and 3 of those patients were NED. Of 2 patients with incomplete surgery and irradiation there was one patient NED. Of 2 patients with incomplete resection of recurrent tumor who received irradiation, there was one patient NED. 2 of the patients with NED died after 22 and 94 months respectively. 4/17 patients died as a result of local recurrence and 2/17 patients as a result of distant metastases (liver, brain). One patient with a recurrent tumor is alive. Median survival of all 17 patients was 94 months. Progressive disease after definitive RT occurred after a median of 11 months.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Esthesioneuroblastomas are radiocurable tumors. In correlation to literature a primarily complete tumor resection followed by adjuvant RT (50-60 Gy) offers the best disease free survival.
authors.affiliation: Radiotherapy, University of Cologne, Germany.
authors.forename: H T
authors.initials: HT
authors.lastname: Eich
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Staar
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Micke
authors.forename: P D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Eich
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Stützer
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Müller
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002648:Child; D002945:Cisplatin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D003606:Dacarbazine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004317:Doxorubicin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D018304:Esthesioneuroblastoma, Olfactory / Q000532:radiotherapy* / Q000556:secondary / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008130:Lomustine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008297:Male; D009296:Nasal Cavity; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D009669:Nose Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy* / Q000601:surgery; D011344:Procarbazine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D011879:Radiotherapy Dosage; D018714:Radiotherapy, Adjuvant; D012074:Remission Induction; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014750:Vincristine / Q000008:administration & dosage
chemical_list: D011344:Procarbazine; D014750:Vincristine; D008130:Lomustine; D003606:Dacarbazine; D004317:Doxorubicin; D002945:Cisplatin