title: Use of binaural beat tapes for treatment of anxiety: a pilot study of tape preference and outcomes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Recent studies and anecdotal reports suggest that binaural auditory beats can affect mood, performance on vigilance tasks, and anxiety.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether mildly anxious people would report decreased anxiety after listening daily for 1 month to tapes imbedded with tones that create binaural beats, and whether they would show a definite tape preference among 3 tapes.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 1-group pre-posttest pilot study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients' homes.
  
  
  METHODS
  A volunteer sample of 15 mildly anxious patients seen in the Clinique Psyché, Montreal, Quebec.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants were asked to listen at least 5 times weekly for 4 weeks to 1 or more of 3 music tapes containing tones that produce binaural beats in the electroencephalogram delta/theta frequency range. Participants also were asked to record tape usage, tape preference, and anxiety ratings in a journal before and after listening to the tape or tapes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Anxiety ratings before and after tape listening, pre- and post-study State-Trait Anxiety Inventory scores, and tape preferences documented in daily journals.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Listening to the binaural beat tapes resulted in a significant reduction in the anxiety score reported daily in patients' diaries. The number of times participants listened to the tapes in 4 weeks ranged from 10 to 17 (an average of 1.4 to 2.4 times per week) for approximately 30 minutes per session. End-of-study tape preferences indicated that slightly more participants preferred tape B, with its pronounced and extended patterns of binaural beats, over tapes A and C. Changes in pre- and posttest listening State-Trait Anxiety Inventory scores trended toward a reduction of anxiety, but these differences were not statistically significant.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Listening to binaural beat tapes in the delta/theta electroencephalogram range may be beneficial in reducing mild anxiety. Future studies should account for music preference among participants and include age as a factor in outcomes, incentives to foster tape listening, and a physiologic measure of anxiety reduction. A controlled trial that includes binaural beat tapes as an adjunctive treatment to conventional therapy for mild anxiety may be warranted.
authors.affiliation: Clinique Psyché in Montreal, Quebec.
authors.forename: R P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Le Scouarnec
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Poirier
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Owens
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gauthier
authors.forename: A G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Foresman
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001007:Anxiety / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009147:Music Therapy; D010865:Pilot Projects; D016896:Treatment Outcome