title: A bone replaceable artificial bone substitute: cytotoxicity, cell adhesion, proliferation, and alkaline phosphatase activity.
abstract: Cellular toxicity, cell adhesion and proliferation, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity were investigated for an artificial bone substitute composed of heated carbonate apatite (CAp) and Type I atelocollagen (AtCol) extracted from bovine tail skins (88/12 in %wt/wt). To enhance the intramolecular crosslinking between collagen molecules, the CAp-AtCol substitutes were irradiated by ultraviolet rays (wave length 254 nm) at 4 degrees C for 4 h or vacuum dried at 150 degrees C for 2 h. Cytotoxicity tests by a direct contact method and an extract dilution method revealed that the CAp-AtCol substitutes were cytocompatible for balb 3T3 fibroblasts. Osteoblast adhesion studies demonstrated that the substitute disks composed of 980 degrees C-heated CAp and AtCol were significantly more adhesive for osteoblasts than those of 1,200 degrees C-sintered CAp and AtCol (p < 0.05). Proliferation studies showed that the number of osteoblasts grown in the media containing substitutes of 980 degrees C-heated CAp and AtCol was statistically higher than grown in those of 1,200 degrees C-sintered CAp and AtCol after 5 days (p < 0.05). It was found that osteoblasts grown in the substitutes of 980 degrees C-heated CAp and AtCol only expressed similar ALP activity to the controls. These results suggested that the substitutes consisting of 980 degrees C-heated CAp and AtCol show more favorable interactions with osteoblasts than those of 1,200 degrees C-sintered CAp and AtCol.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Engineering, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea. hwal@yumc.yonsei.ac.kr
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Suh
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: D W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: D H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: C D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Han
mesh_terms: D016475:3T3 Cells; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D001031:Apatites; D018786:Bone Substitutes / Q000528:radiation effects / Q000633:toxicity; D002417:Cattle; D002448:Cell Adhesion; D002455:Cell Division; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003094:Collagen; D006358:Hot Temperature; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology / Q000502:physiology*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D018675:Toxicity Tests; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays
chemical_list: D001031:Apatites; D018786:Bone Substitutes; C059821:atelocollagen; C030782:carboapatite; D003094:Collagen; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase