title: Atrioventricular pacemaker. Incidence and causes of reprogramming in long-term follow-up.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the incidence of problems requiring reprogramming of atrioventricular pacemakers in a long-term follow-up, and also the causes for this procedure.
  
  
  METHODS
  During the period from May '98 to December '99, 657 patients were retrospectively studied, An actuarial curve for the event reprogramming of the stimulation mode was drawn.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The follow-up period ranged from 12 to 178 months (mean = 81 months). Eighty-two (12.4%) patients underwent reprogramming of the stimulation mode as follows: 63 (9.5%) changed to VVI,(R/C); 10 (1.5%) changed to DVI,C; 6 (0.9%) changed to VDD,C; and 3 (0.5%) changed to DOO. The causes for the reprogramming were as follows: arrhythmia conducted by the pacemaker in 39 (37.6%) patients; loss of atrial sensitivity or capture, or both, in 39 (38.6%) patients; and microfracture of atrial electrode in 5 (4.9%) patients. The stimulation mode reprogramming free probability after 15 years was 58%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In a long-term follow-up, the atrioventricular pacemaker provided a low incidence of complications, a high probability of permanence in the DDD,C mode, and the most common cause of reprogramming was arrhythmia conducted by the pacemaker.
authors.affiliation: Instituto do Coração, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, 05403-000, Brazil.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Martinelli
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: de Arruda Melo
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Nishióka
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Pedrosa
authors.forename: S F
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: de Siqueira
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Costa
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sosa
mesh_terms: D000206:Actuarial Analysis; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002304:Cardiac Pacing, Artificial / Q000009:adverse effects; D002648:Child; D004868:Equipment Failure / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010138:Pacemaker, Artificial / Q000009:adverse effects; D012189:Retrospective Studies