Congenital polyvalvular disease: a review.
This review outlines the morphologic and pathogenetic characteristics of congenital polyvalvular disease. Two cases are used for exemplification. The macroscopic and histologic features of the valves as well as associated cardiac lesions and clinical syndromes are described, followed by a discussion of morphogenesis of this disease.
Bartram
U
U
Department of Pediatric Cardiology, University Children's Hospital Kiel, Germany.
Bartelings
M M
MM
Kramer
H H
HH
Gittenberger-de Groot
A C
AC
D000818:Animals; D006321:Heart / Q000196:embryology; D006330:Heart Defects, Congenital / Q000150:complications; D006349:Heart Valve Diseases / Q000151:congenital* / Q000473:pathology*; D006351:Heart Valves / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D006801:Humans; D023421:Models, Animal