title: Clonal analysis of hepatocellular carcinoma and dysplastic nodule by methylation pattern of X-chromosome-linked human androgen receptor gene.
abstract: To investigate the monoclonality of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and dysplastic nodule (DN) and the origin of multiple lesions, patterns of inactivation of X-linked human androgen receptor gene were studied. Fourteen of 15 patients (93%) were heterozygous in the size of the target, and were informative for clonal analysis. Monoclonal composition was demonstrated in all 17 HCCs and two DNs, whereas all non-cancerous hepatic tissues were polyclonal. Of four patients with more than two lesions of HCC or DN, two patients had two lesions with different patterns of X-chromosome inactivation, indicating that the two lesions were multicentric in origin.
authors.affiliation: Second Department of Surgery, Osaka City University Medical School, 1-4-3 Asahimachi, Abeno-ku, Osaka 545-8585, Japan.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Okuda
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wakasa
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kubo
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hamada
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fujita
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Enomoto
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Haba
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hirohashi
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kinoshita
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics*; D019175:DNA Methylation; D006801:Humans; D008099:Liver / Q000002:abnormalities*; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics*; D008163:Luminescent Measurements; D008745:Methylation; D008875:Middle Aged; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011944:Receptors, Androgen / Q000235:genetics*; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D014960:X Chromosome / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: C410798:AR protein, human; D011944:Receptors, Androgen