title: Prevalence and correlates of mitral regurgitation in a population-based sample (the Strong Heart Study).
abstract: Evidence suggesting that mitral regurgitation (MR) may be induced by appetite suppressant medications heightens the importance of understanding the prevalence and correlates of MR, especially its relation to obesity, in population-based samples. MR was assessed by color Doppler echocardiography in 3,486 American Indian participants in the Strong Heart Study. Mild (1+) MR was present in 19.2%, moderate (2+) MR in 1.6%, moderately severe (3+) in 0.3%, and severe (4+) in 0.2% of participants. In univariate analyses, MR was unrelated to gender, diabetes, or lipid levels, but was more frequent in North/South Dakota (28.3%) than in Oklahoma (21.6%) or Arizona (14.3%) (p <0.001). MR was related to lower body mass index (BMI) (p <0.001), older age (p <0.001), higher systolic blood pressure (p = 0.003), higher serum creatinine (p <0.001), and higher urine albumin/creatinine ratio (p <0.001). In multivariate analyses, the presence and severity of MR were independently associated with higher serum creatinine, lower BMI, mitral stenosis, prior myocardial infarction, female gender, mitral valve prolapse and, variably, older age. In conclusion, MR, mostly mild, is detected by color Doppler echocardiography in >20% of middle-aged and older adults. MR is independently associated with female gender, lower BMI, older age, and renal dysfunction, as well as with prior myocardial infarction, mitral stenosis, and mitral valve prolapse. It is not related to dyslipidemia or diabetes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, The New York Presbyterian Hospital-Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York 10021, USA.
authors.forename: E C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: R B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Devereux
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Roman
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Fishman
authors.forename: E T
authors.initials: ET
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: T K
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: Welty
authors.forename: R R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Fabsitz
authors.forename: B V
authors.initials: BV
authors.lastname: Howard
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015984:Causality; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008944:Mitral Valve Insufficiency / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D012307:Risk Factors; D018615:Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology