title: A conformational and structure-activity relationship study of cytotoxic 3,5-bis(arylidene)-4-piperidones and related N-acryloyl analogues.
abstract: A series of 3,5-bis(arylidene)-4-piperidones 1 and related N-acryloyl analogues 2 were prepared as candidate cytotoxic agents with a view to discerning those structural features which contributed to bioactivity. A number of the compounds were markedly cytotoxic toward murine P388 and L1210 leukemic cells and also to human Molt 4/C8 and CEM neoplasms. Approximately 40% of the IC50 values generated were lower than the figures obtained for melphalan. In virtually all cases, the N-acyl compounds were significantly more bioactive than the analogues 1. In general, structure-activity relationships revealed that the cytotoxicity of series 1 was correlated positively with the size of the aryl substituents, while in series 2, a -sigma relationship was established. In particular, various angles and interatomic distances were obtained by molecular modeling, and the presence of an acryloyl group on the piperidyl nitrogen atom in series 2 affected the relative locations of the two aryl rings. This observation, along with some differences in distances between various atoms in series 1 and 2, may have contributed to the disparity in cytotoxicity between 1 and 2. The results obtained by X-ray crystallography of representative compounds were mainly in accordance with the observations noted by molecular modeling. Selected compounds interfered with the biosynthesis of DNA, RNA, and protein in murine L1210 cells, while others were shown to cause apoptosis in the human Jurkat leukemic cell line. This study has revealed the potential of these molecules for development as cytotoxic and anticancer agents.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 5C9 Canada. dimmock@skyway.usask.ca
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Dimmock
authors.forename: M P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Padmanilayam
authors.forename: R N
authors.initials: RN
authors.lastname: Puthucode
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Nazarali
authors.forename: N L
authors.initials: NL
authors.lastname: Motaganahalli
authors.forename: G A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Zello
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Quail
authors.forename: E O
authors.initials: EO
authors.lastname: Oloo
authors.forename: H B
authors.initials: HB
authors.lastname: Kraatz
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Prisciak
authors.forename: T M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Allen
authors.forename: C L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Santos
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Balzarini
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: De Clercq
authors.forename: E K
authors.initials: EK
authors.lastname: Manavathu
mesh_terms: D000179:Acrylates / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D001232:Aspergillus fumigatus / Q000187:drug effects; D002176:Candida albicans / Q000187:drug effects; D018360:Crystallography, X-Ray; D004354:Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D008958:Models, Molecular; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010880:Piperidines / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D012313:RNA / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000096:biosynthesis; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D000179:Acrylates; D000935:Antifungal Agents; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D010880:Piperidines; D012313:RNA