title: A bioabsorbable plug in bone-tendon-bone reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament: Introduction of a novel fixation technique.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Our aim was to compare the fixation strength of a novel plugging technique with that of the conventional interference technique in bone-patellar tendon-bone reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament.
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomized experimental study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty matched pairs of porcine knees were randomly assigned to 2 groups. The bone block of the graft was secured in the femoral drill hole with either the new bioabsorbable poly-L-lactide/D-lactide (PLA 96/4) copolymer plug (plugging technique) (n = 20) or a conventional interference screw (interference technique) (n = 20). Ten pairs were subjected to a single cycle loading test at a rate of 50 mm/min while the remaining 10 pairs underwent a cyclic loading test to further assess the quality of the fixation. The cyclic loading test consisted of 1,500 loading cycles between 50 and 200 N at half-hertz frequency, after which the specimens were loaded to failure at a rate of 50 mm/min.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the single cycle loading test, the average ultimate failure load was 1,061 +/- 342 N in the plugging technique group and 971 +/- 260 N in the interference technique group (P =.57). Significant group differences were found neither in the yield loads nor in the stiffness of the fixations. In the cyclic loading, significant displacement difference was not observed between the 2 fixation techniques. There were neither significant group differences with regard to the ultimate failure load (plugging technique 994 +/- 376 N versus interference technique 1,001 +/- 343 N, P =.97) nor yield load of the fixations in the subsequent single cycle loading.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of this study indicate that, in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, the new plugging technique is a reasonable alternative for fixation of the femoral site of a bone-patellar tendon-bone graft.
authors.affiliation: Medical School and Institute of Medical Technology, University of Tampere, Finland.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kousa
authors.forename: T L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Järvinen
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kannus
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ahvenjärvi
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kaikkonen
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Järvinen
mesh_terms: D020341:Absorbable Implants; D000818:Animals; D016118:Anterior Cruciate Ligament / Q000601:surgery*; D001863:Bone Screws; D004868:Equipment Failure; D005269:Femur / Q000601:surgery*; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008422:Materials Testing; D011091:Polyesters; D011897:Random Allocation; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D013552:Swine; D013710:Tendons / Q000637:transplantation; D016474:Weight-Bearing
chemical_list: D011091:Polyesters; C033616:poly(lactide)