title: The growth of Bacillus stearothermophilus on stainless steel.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the potential for Bacillus stearothermophilus cells to form biofilms of significance in dairy manufacture.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The ability of isolates of B. stearothermophilus from dairy manufacturing plants to attach to stainless steel surfaces was demonstrated by exposing stainless steel samples to suspensions of spores or vegetative cells and determining the numbers attaching using impedance microbiology. Spores attached more readily than vegetative cells. The attachment of cells to stainless steel was increased 10-100-fold by the presence of milk fouling the stainless steel. The growth of B. stearothermophilus as a biofilm on stainless steel surfaces was determined using a continuously flowing experimental reactor. Vegetative cells were released in greater numbers than spores from biofilms of most strains studied. Biofilms of one strain (B11) were studied in detail. Biofilms of > 106 cells cm-2 formed in the reactor and released approximately 106 cells ml-1 into milk passing over the biofilm. A doubling time of 25 min was calculated for this organism grown as a biofilm.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The formation of biofilms of thermophilic Bacillus species within the plant appears to be a likely cause of contamination of manufactured dairy products. Methods to control the formation of biofilms in dairy manufacturing plants are required to reduce the contamination of dairy products with thermophilic bacilli.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Biofilms of B. stearothermophilus growing in dairy manufacturing plants can explain the contamination of dairy products with these bacteria.
authors.affiliation: New Zealand Dairy Research Institute, Private Bag 11029, Palmerston North, New Zealand. steve.flint@nz-dri.org.nz
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Flint
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Palmer
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Bloemen
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Brooks
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Crawford
mesh_terms: D001422:Bacterial Adhesion; D018441:Biofilms / Q000254:growth & development; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D003612:Dairying; D001411:Geobacillus stearothermophilus / Q000254:growth & development*; D013171:Spores, Bacterial / Q000254:growth & development; D013193:Stainless Steel
chemical_list: D013193:Stainless Steel