title: NMDA receptor antagonist AP5 and nitric oxide synthase inhibitor 7-NI affect different phases of learning and memory in goldfish.
abstract: The present study investigated the amnestic effects of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist AP5 and nitric oxide (NO) synthase inhibitor 7-NI in avoidance conditioning in goldfish. The results showed that both AP5 and 7-NI, without impairing performance processes, produced anterograde amnesia when given before training. Furthermore, 7-NI produced retrograde amnesia when given immediately following training while AP5 did not. Thus, AP5 and 7-NI affected different phases of learning and memory.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Grand Valley State University, 292 Au Sable Hall, 1 Campus Drive, Allendale, MI 49401, USA. xux@gvsu.edu
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Russell
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bazner
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hamilton
mesh_terms: D015763:2-Amino-5-phosphonovalerate / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000647:Amnesia / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000523:psychology; D000818:Animals; D001362:Avoidance Learning / Q000187:drug effects*; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018691:Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006054:Goldfish / Q000502:physiology*; D007191:Indazoles / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008568:Memory / Q000187:drug effects*; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D052248:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type I; D016194:Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*
chemical_list: D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D018691:Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; D007191:Indazoles; D016194:Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; D015763:2-Amino-5-phosphonovalerate; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D052248:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type I; C080122:7-nitroindazole