title: A longitudinal analysis of salivary flow in control subjects and older adults with type 2 diabetes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Many diabetics complain of xerostomia, a condition that can affect oral health, nutritional status, and diet selection. This study's purposes were (1) to investigate the effect on salivary flow of type 2 diabetes and change in glycemic control in a group of older adults over time and (2) to compare flow rates with subjective complaints of xerostomia.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 39 older adults, 24 with type 2 diabetes and 15 who were nondiabetic (controls), aged 54-90 years, participated in a 1-year follow-up study. Diabetic status was determined by means of glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels and 2-hour glucose tolerance tests. Poor glycemic control was defined as HbA1c > 9%. Unstimulated whole, unstimulated parotid, and stimulated parotid saliva flow rates were measured for all subjects by a single examiner at baseline and 1 year later. Each subject completed a standardized xerostomia questionnaire at every visit.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Age, sex, and duration of diabetes did not adversely affect salivary flow rates. Subjects with poorly controlled diabetes had significantly lower stimulated parotid saliva flow rates at both visits. There were no significant changes in flow rates over time on the basis of diabetic status or glycemic control. Subjects with diabetes reported significantly more complaints of thirst but not of xerostomia at 1 year.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that older adults with poorly controlled diabetes may have impaired salivary flow in comparison with subjects with better controlled diabetes and nondiabetic subjects, yet they may not have concomitant xerostomic complaints. There were no significant changes in salivary flow rates or glycemic control over the 1-year period.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Medicine/Pathology/Oncology, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, USA.
authors.forename: E M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Chávez
authors.forename: L N
authors.initials: LN
authors.lastname: Borrell
authors.forename: G W
authors.initials: GW
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Ship
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009752:Nutritional Status; D010306:Parotid Gland / Q000378:metabolism; D012463:Saliva / Q000378:metabolism*; D012636:Secretory Rate / Q000502:physiology; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D013894:Thirst / Q000502:physiology; D013997:Time Factors; D014987:Xerostomia / Q000503:physiopathology
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin