title: Universal gap fluctuations in the superconductor proximity effect.
abstract: Random-matrix theory is used to study the mesoscopic fluctuations of the excitation gap in a metal grain or quantum dot induced by the proximity to a superconductor. We propose that the probability distribution of the gap is a universal function in rescaled units. Our analytical prediction for the gap distribution agrees well with exact diagonalization of a model Hamiltonian.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA.
authors.forename: M G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Vavilov
authors.forename: P W
authors.initials: PW
authors.lastname: Brouwer
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Ambegaokar
authors.forename: C W
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Beenakker