title: TTF-1, a homeodomain gene required for diencephalic morphogenesis, is postnatally expressed in the neuroendocrine brain in a developmentally regulated and cell-specific fashion.
abstract: TTF-1 is a member of the Nkx family of homeodomain genes required for morphogenesis of the hypothalamus. Whether TTF-1, or other Nkx genes, contributes to regulating differentiated hypothalamic functions is not known. We now report that postnatal hypothalamic TTF-1 expression is developmentally regulated and associated with the neuroendocrine process of female sexual development. Lesions of the hypothalamus that cause sexual precocity transiently activate neuronal TTF-1 expression near the lesion site. In intact animals, hypothalamic TTF-1 mRNA content also increases transiently, preceding the initiation of puberty. Postnatal expression of the TTF-1 gene was limited to subsets of hypothalamic neurons, including LHRH neurons, which control sexual maturation, and preproenkephalinergic neurons of the lateroventromedial nucleus of the basal hypothalamus, which restrain sexual maturation and facilitate reproductive behavior. TTF-1 mRNA was also detected in astrocytes of the median eminence and ependymal/subependymal cells of the third ventricle, where it colocalized with erbB-2, a receptor involved in facilitating sexual development. TTF-1 binds to and transactivates the erbB-2 and LHRH promoters, but represses transcription of the preproenkephalin gene. The singular increase in hypothalamic TTF-1 gene expression that precedes the initiation of puberty, its highly specific pattern of cellular expression, and its transcriptional actions on genes directly involved in neuroendocrine reproductive regulation suggest that TTF-1 may represent one of the controlling factors that set in motion early events underlying the central activation of mammalian puberty.
authors.affiliation: Division of Neuroscience, Oregon Regional Primate Research Center/Oregon Health Sciences University, Beaverton, Oregon 97006, USA
authors.forename: B J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: G J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.forename: R B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Norgren
authors.forename: M P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Junier
authors.forename: D F
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Hill
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Tapia
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Costa
authors.forename: S R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Ojeda
mesh_terms: D000375:Aging / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001253:Astrocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D002460:Cell Line; D004027:Diencephalon / Q000166:cytology / Q000196:embryology / Q000378:metabolism; D004745:Enkephalins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D004805:Ependyma / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D020868:Gene Silencing; D007987:Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D007031:Hypothalamus / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000601:surgery; D008473:Median Eminence / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D009474:Neurons / Q000145:classification / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D009490:Neurosecretory Systems / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics / Q000494:pharmacology; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000187:drug effects; D011498:Protein Precursors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D018719:Erb-b2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D013961:Thyroid Gland / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D000074482:Thyroid Nuclear Factor 1; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics / Q000494:pharmacology; D015533:Transcriptional Activation
chemical_list: D004745:Enkephalins; D007987:Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D011498:Protein Precursors; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D018719:Erb-b2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinases; D000074482:Thyroid Nuclear Factor 1; D014157:Transcription Factors; C000614416:Nkx2-1 protein, rat; C033660:preproenkephalin