title: Comparison of macrophage responses to oxidized low-density lipoprotein and macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF or CSF-1).
abstract: Modification of low-density lipoprotein (LDL), for example by oxidation, could be involved in foam cell formation and proliferation observed in atherosclerotic lesions. Macrophage colony-stimulating factor (CSF-1 or M-CSF) has been implicated in foam cell development. It has been reported previously that oxidized LDL (ox.LDL) and CSF-1 synergistically stimulate DNA synthesis in murine bone-marrow-derived macrophages (BMM). The critical signal-transduction cascades responsible for the proliferative response to ox.LDL, as well as their relationship to those mediating CSF-1 action, are unknown. We report here that ox.LDL stimulated extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK)-1, ERK-2 and phosphoinositide 3-kinase activities in BMM but to a weaker extent than optimal CSF-1 concentrations at the time points examined. Inhibitor studies suggested at least a partial role for these kinases, as well as p70 S6-kinase, in ox.LDL-induced macrophage survival and DNA synthesis. For the DNA synthesis response to CSF-1, the degree of inhibition by PD98059, wortmannin and rapamycin was significant at low CSF-1 concentrations but was reduced as the CSF-1 dose increased. Using BMM from CSF-1-deficient mice (op/op) and a neutralizing antibody approach, we found no evidence for an essential role for endogenous CSF-1 in ox.LDL-mediated survival or DNA synthesis; likewise, with the same approaches, no evidence was obtained for an essential role for endogenous granulocyte/macrophage-CSF in ox.LDL-mediated macrophage survival and, in contrast with the literature, ox.LDL-induced macrophage DNA synthesis.
authors.affiliation: Arthritis and Inflammation Research Centre, University of Melbourne, Department of Medicine, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Clinical Sciences Building, Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3050, Australia. jahami@unimelb.edu.au
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Hamilton
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Byrne
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Jessup
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Kanagasundaram
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Whitty
mesh_terms: D000730:Androstadienes / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D001854:Bone Marrow Cells / Q000502:physiology; D004261:DNA Replication / Q000502:physiology; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000494:pharmacology; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL / Q000502:physiology*; D016173:Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000502:physiology*; D008264:Macrophages / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008808:Mice, Inbred CBA; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1 / Q000378:metabolism; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D000077191:Wortmannin
chemical_list: D000730:Androstadienes; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D005419:Flavonoids; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL; C099252:oxidized low density lipoprotein; D016173:Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; C093973:2-(2-amino-3-methoxyphenyl)-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one; D000077191:Wortmannin