title: An HIV type 1 subtype A strain of low genetic diversity continues to spread among injecting drug users in Russia: study of the new local outbreaks in Moscow and Irkutsk.
abstract: An explosive epidemic of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) has been documented among injecting drug users (IDUs) in the former Soviet Union republics. In 1999, the two largest local IDU outbreaks of HIV-1 infection in the Russian Federation were registered in the Moscow and Irkutsk regions, where 13,004 HIV-1 cases were identified (44% of the total number of HIV-1 infections in Russia in 1999). To study the prevailing genetic variants and to estimate the genetic diversity of HIV-1 in these outbreaks, 60 samples from Moscow (n = 36) and from Irkutsk (n = 24) were analyzed using the gag/env heteroduplex mobility assay, and the env gp120 V3 encoding regions obtained from 23 individuals were sequenced. Both virus populations were highly homogeneous (the means of pairwise nucleotide distance were 1.75 +/- 0.83 and 2.35 +/- 1.59 for Irkutsk and Moscow, respectively), and similar to the subtype A viruses obtained earlier from IDUs in the former Soviet Union. The subtype A HIV-1 variant thus dominates in the largest HIV-1 outbreaks among IDUs in the Russian Federation.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of T-Lymphotropic Viruses, Ivanovsky Institute of Virology, Moscow 123098, Russia. bobkov@cityline.ru
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bobkov
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kazennova
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Khanina
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bobkova
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Selimova
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kravchenko
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Pokrovsky
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Weber
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D004196:Disease Outbreaks; D005260:Female; D015683:Gene Products, gag / Q000235:genetics; D014644:Genetic Variation / Q000235:genetics*; D015699:HIV Envelope Protein gp120 / Q000235:genetics; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000821:virology; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009031:Moscow / Q000453:epidemiology; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000235:genetics; D012426:Russia / Q000453:epidemiology; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D015819:Substance Abuse, Intravenous / Q000150:complications*
chemical_list: D015683:Gene Products, gag; D015699:HIV Envelope Protein gp120; C059762:HIV envelope protein gp120 (305-321); D010446:Peptide Fragments