title: Effect of liposomes on the rate of alkaline hydrolysis of indomethacin and acemetacin.
abstract: The anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antipyretic drugs indomethacin (INDO) and acemetacin (ACE), extensively used for the treatment of diseases of degenerative or inflammatory character, exhibit marked gastric irritant action, have low water solubility at neutral pH, and decompose in alkali. Alternative formulations are being investigated to obtain products with lower toxicity and higher stability. Here we examine the effect of liposome charge on the rate of alkaline decomposition of INDO and ACE using micelles as reference. Binding of ACE and INDO to zwitterionic hexadecylphosphocholine (HDPC) micelles and phosphatidylcholine (PC) liposomes was analyzed using a two-phase separation model to quantify the effect of these aggregates on the rate of alkaline degradation. The substrate association constants to HDPC micelles were 1335 and 2192 M(-1) for INDO and ACE, respectively, whereas the corresponding values for PC vesicles were 612 and 3050 M(-1). The difference was attributed to the additional hydrophobicity of ACE. The inhibitory effect of HDPC micelles and PC vesicles was quantified by calculating the ratio between the rate constants in water (k(w)) and in the aggregate (k(m)). The values of the k(w)/k(m) ratios for INDO and ACE in HDPC micelles were, respectively, 80 and 42, and in PC liposomes these ratios were 21 and 3.7, respectively. Positively charged micelles of hexadecyltrimethylammonium chloride (CTAC) and vesicles containing varying proportions of dioctadecyldimethylammonium chloride (DODAC) and PC increase the rate of INDO and ACE alkaline decomposition. Vesicle effects were very sensitive to the DODAC/PC ratio, with rates increasing with the proportion of DODAC. The data were analyzed quantitatively using a pseudophase model with explicit consideration of ion exchange. The calculated second-order rate constants in micelles and vesicles were lower than that in water. The charge density in the liposome necessary to increase the entrapment efficiency and decrease drug decomposition can be modulated, by judicious choice of pH and ionic strength. These manipulations can lead to more stable formulation with increased efficiency in drug entrapment and controlled effects on drug stability.
authors.affiliation: CEQUP/Departamento de Química-Física, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Portugal.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Matos
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Chaimovich
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Lima
authors.forename: I M
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: Cuccovia
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Reis
mesh_terms: D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D006868:Hydrolysis; D007213:Indomethacin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000737:chemistry*; D008081:Liposomes; D008823:Micelles; D010713:Phosphatidylcholines / Q000737:chemistry; D000644:Quaternary Ammonium Compounds / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D008081:Liposomes; D008823:Micelles; D010713:Phosphatidylcholines; D000644:Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; C015831:dimethyldioctadecylammonium; C026784:acemetacin; D007213:Indomethacin