title: Phenotype of the endothelium in the human term placenta.
abstract: The placental endothelium contributes to regulating transplacental exchange and maintaining the immunological maternofetal barrier. We characterized the endothelial phenotype in human normal term placentae with a panel of antibodies to endothelial antigens using a standardized immunofluorescence method. Placental endothelium strongly expressed vWF, PAL-E, H-antigen, thrombomodulin, PECAM-1, CD34, CD36, ICAM-1, CD44, thy-1, A10/33-1, VE-cadherin, caveolin-1 and HLA-G, whereas occludin, claudin-1, eNOS, angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE), ICAM-2, endoglin and integrin-alphathetabeta(3)were weakly expressed. PGI(2)synthase, tissue factor, E-selectin and VCAM-1 were not detected. Some antigens were heterogenously expressed along the vascular tree or within individual villi. Expression of ACE, eNOS, vWF, P-selectin, E-selectin, integrin alpha(v)beta(3)and endoglin was stronger in the maternal decidual vessels, while PECAM-1, CD44, thy-1 and caveolin-1 expression was stronger in fetal vessels. Some endothelial markers were present in trophoblasts and stroma. Endothelial proliferation was apparent in mature intermediate and terminal villi. There was limited inflammatory response to TNFalpha in explants, characterized by upregulation of vWF, P-selectin, PECAM-1 and CD44, downregulation of thrombomodulin, but no increase in ICAM-1 expression, nor induction of E-selectin, VCAM-1 or tissue factor. These patterns of heterogeneity, proliferative activity and inflammatory activation may underlie the specific physiological roles of the placental endothelium.
authors.affiliation: Leukocyte Biology, Division of Biomedical Sciences, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, Imperial College School of Medicine, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, UK. j.dye@ic.ac.uk
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Dye
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Jablenska
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Donnelly
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lawrence
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Leach
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Clark
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Firth
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules / Q000378:metabolism; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D009924:Organ Culture Techniques; D010641:Phenotype; D010920:Placenta / Q000098:blood supply*; D011247:Pregnancy; D018809:Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen / Q000378:metabolism; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules; D018809:Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha