title: The translational research chain: is it delivering the goods?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To address whether the translational research chain has influenced clinical practice in radiation oncology.
  
  
  METHODS
  Merits and limitations of the various steps of the translational chain, i.e., in vitro studies, animal experiments, biomathematical modeling, Phase I and II trials, and randomized Phase III trials are briefly reviewed. The process and value of translational research in radiation oncology are addressed using dose fractionation and the time factor in tumors as examples.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The examples show that translational research may indeed change clinical practice in radiation oncology. However, it takes several decades and considerable efforts to define and test new strategies. The "translational process" is by no means unidirectional but a continuing multiway dialog among basic scientists, applied scientists, clinical scientists, and clinical oncologists.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Translational research works in radiation oncology, and it is difficult to conceive a better alternative for future improvement of therapy. The slow speed of the translational process indicates that there is a need for improving the various steps of the translational network and the interaction as a whole. Massive investments in one part of the network are likely to be at least partly wasted unless the other links are strengthened as well.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, University of Dresden, Dresden, Germany. michael.baumann@maibox.tu-dresden.de
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Baumann
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Bentzen
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Doerr
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Joiner
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Saunders
authors.forename: I F
authors.initials: IF
authors.lastname: Tannock
authors.forename: H D
authors.initials: HD
authors.lastname: Thames
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017321:Clinical Trials, Phase I as Topic; D017322:Clinical Trials, Phase II as Topic; D017326:Clinical Trials, Phase III as Topic; D004059:Diffusion of Innovation; D019583:Dose Fractionation, Radiation; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D023421:Models, Animal; D008954:Models, Biological; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000628:therapy*; D018787:Radiation Oncology / Q000379:methods*; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D012106:Research; D013997:Time Factors; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured