title: Percutaneous colonoscopic cecostomy for management of chronic constipation in children.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Chronic constipation and encopresis are common problems in children with spina bifida and anorectal anomalies. Commonly used therapies include complicated bowel regimens and antegrade continence enemas delivered via surgically placed appendicostomies and radiologically placed cecostomies.
  
  
  METHODS
  A technique is described for percutaneous placement of cecostomies for the delivery of continence enemas or venting.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Percutaneous cecostomies were placed in 12 patients. Improvement in bowel management occurred in all patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Percutaneous endoscopic cecostomy is a safe and effective method for the treatment of intractable constipation.
authors.affiliation: The Department of Pediatrics, The Medical College of Wisconsin, The Children's Hospital of Wisconsin, and Froedtert Memorial Lutheran Hospital, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226, USA.
authors.forename: M T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Rivera
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kugathasan
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Berger
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Werlin
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002431:Cecostomy / Q000379:methods*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002908:Chronic Disease; D003113:Colonoscopy / Q000379:methods; D003248:Constipation / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male