title: Meningeal carcinomatosis in patients with breast cancer: report of 8 patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Meningeal carcinomatosis (MC) is an uncommon but aggressive complication of advanced breast cancer with a recently increasing incidence. Although the prognosis is extremely poor for MC patients, early diagnosis and appropriate treatment are important.
  
  
  METHODS
  We reviewed 8 cases of MC from breast cancer at Kyoto University Hospital from 1990 to 1999. The median age was 51.5 years. All patients had widespread systemic metastases when diagnosed with MC. clinical symptoms were categorized into 3 groups: cranial nerve symptoms, spinal nerve symptoms, and other symptoms. Imaging studies were positive for MC in only 4 patients. Initial CSF cytology studies were positive in 4 patients, and repeated CSF cytology yielded positive results in the remaining 4 patients. Thus the median interval between the onset of any clinical symptom of MC and the initiation of treatment was 22.5 days (range 7 to 120 days ). All patients received whole brain radiotherapy (WBRT). Four patients were given intrathecal chemotherapy and/or intrathecal immunotherapy in addition to WBRT.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Improvement of cranial nerve symptoms, spinal nerve symptoms, and other symptoms were observed in 3/5, 1/3, and 5/7 patients, respectively. Patients with cranial nerve symptoms who started WBRT within 29 days of the onset of the symptoms showed at least partial recovery whereas patients who started WBRT later showed no recovery. The median survival was 123 days (53 to 310 days). MC was the direct cause of death in 1 of 8 patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  When MC is clinically suspected, neither a negative imaging study nor a single negative CSF cytology can rule out MC. Prompt initiation of WBRT with or without intrathecal chemotherapy may be important for recovery from cranial nerve symptoms.
authors.affiliation: Department of Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Shogoin-kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mitsumori
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nagata
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Katakura
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kokubo
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Oya
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fujishiro
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sasai
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hiraoka
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000556:secondary* / Q000628:therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007278:Injections, Spinal; D008408:Mastectomy; D008577:Meningeal Neoplasms / Q000556:secondary* / Q000628:therapy; D008875:Middle Aged; D018714:Radiotherapy, Adjuvant; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents