title: Respiratory neural activity responses to chemical stimuli in newborn rats: reversible transition from normal to 'secondary' rhythm during asphyxia and its implication for 'respiratory like' activity of isolated medullary preparation.
abstract: To clarify a possible origin of 'respiratory like' rhythmic activities observed in in vitro brainstem preparation, the phrenic (Phr) and cranial nerve (XII or IX) inspiratory activities were analyzed in halothane-anesthetized, vagotomized and artificially ventilated newborn (2--6 days after birth) and young adult rats (30--50 days) during altered chemical stimuli and prolonged asphyxia at 25 degrees C. The newborn rat showed regular rhythmic inspiratory discharges of short duration, and their responses to CO(2) and hypoxia did not differ from those seen in adult rats. In the newborn rat the Phr and cranial nerve inspiratory discharges increased first, then respiratory frequency decreased and finally ceased completely for approximately 1--2 min during asphyxia. Thereafter, 'secondary' rhythmic inspiratory activity emerged at a slower rate with decremental inspiratory discharge profile, which persisted for a period more than 40 min of asphyxia. A normal respiratory activity recovered after resumption of artificial ventilation. Though young adult rats exhibited similar sequential changes in respiratory activity during asphyxia, the 'secondary' rhythmic activity persisted for a period of several min only. The pattern of 'secondary' respiratory activity corresponded well with that of rhythmic activities seen in the isolated medullary block preparation of newborn rat. 'Respiratory like' activity found in isolated medullary preparations of newborn animals may arise from a mechanism that generates 'secondary' (or so called 'gasping' type) rhythmic inspiratory activity during prolonged asphyxia in in vivo preparations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology II, School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba City 260-8670, Japan. fukuda@physiol2.m.chiba-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fukuda
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000502:physiology; D001237:Asphyxia / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D005930:Glossopharyngeal Nerve / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D018496:Hyperoxia / Q000503:physiopathology; D016857:Hypocapnia / Q000503:physiopathology; D007002:Hypoglossal Nerve / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D008526:Medulla Oblongata / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D009474:Neurons / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D010791:Phrenic Nerve / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D051381:Rats; D012125:Respiratory Center / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D012143:Respiratory Physiological Phenomena / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D002245:Carbon Dioxide