title: Rapid relaxation times measurements by MRI: an in vivo application to contrast agent modeling for muscle fiber types characterization.
abstract: This paper is a description of a simulation method to evaluate the contrast in NMR imaging and its aim is to help to optimize the use of contrast media in clinical imaging. Indeed, there is a need to define objective criteria in order to choose among several contrast media the ones that are the most effective and to define their optimal conditions of use, such as: the dose to be injected, the required time after injection to obtain the best enhancement and the optimal imaging sequence parameter values. The method is based on NMR signal simulation in the presence of contrast media and requires the fast measurement of the T1 and T2 relaxation times to obtain the dynamic relaxometry variation of tissues after contrast injection. In this work the fast imaging techniques that are to be described enable the measurement of T1 and T2 with a 30sec temporal resolution on 128*256 matrix images. The accuracy of the method was assessed in rabbit muscles after the injection of two gadolinium chelates (Gd-DTPA and Gd-DOTA) with the aim of improving the in vivo characterization of fast-twitch and slow-twitch muscle fiber types. The simulation results were in close agreement with contrast image analysis and showed, for relevant clinical doses, a small efficacy for both chelates. The interest of the proposed simulation method lies in the fact that it enables to objectively compare the efficacy of different contrast agents, to forecast the efficacy of a given contrast reagent and to define the optimal dose and the optimal imaging sequence parameters that give the best contrast. This simulation method obviates numerous prior experiments to evaluate the benefit expected from different contrast media. The method, which has been evaluated here for muscle investigations is applicable to any tissue analysis and can help to guide the best condition of use of contrast agents in MR imaging.
authors.affiliation: Centre Jean Perrin, Service de radiothérapie, 58 rue Montalembert, BP392 63011 Cedex, Clermont-Ferrand, France. veronique.dedieu@cjp.u-clermont1.fr
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Dedieu
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Fau
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Otal
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Renou
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Emerit
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Joffre
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Vincensini
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D019786:Gadolinium DTPA / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D006571:Heterocyclic Compounds / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D007866:Leg; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D015233:Models, Statistical; D018485:Muscle Fibers, Skeletal / Q000378:metabolism*; D009942:Organometallic Compounds / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D011817:Rabbits
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D006571:Heterocyclic Compounds; D009942:Organometallic Compounds; C050823:gadolinium 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-N,N',N'',N'''-tetraacetate; D019786:Gadolinium DTPA