title: Downregulation of microglial activation by apolipoprotein E and apoE-mimetic peptides.
abstract: Apolipoprotein E plays an important role in recovery from acute brain injury and risk of developing Alzheimer's disease. We demonstrate that biologically relevant concentrations of apoE suppress microglial activation and release of TNFalpha and NO in a dose-dependent fashion. Peptides derived from the apoE receptor-binding region mimic the effects of the intact protein, whereas deletion of apoE residues 146-149 abolishes peptide bioactivity. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that apoE modulates microglial function by binding specific cell surface receptors and that the immunomodulatory effects of apoE in the central nervous system may account for its role in acute and chronic neurological disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine (Neurology), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA.
authors.forename: D T
authors.initials: DT
authors.lastname: Laskowitz
authors.forename: A D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Thekdi
authors.forename: S D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Thekdi
authors.forename: S K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: J K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Myers
authors.forename: S V
authors.initials: SV
authors.lastname: Pizzo
authors.forename: E R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Bennett
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001057:Apolipoproteins E / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D001665:Binding Sites / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002942:Circular Dichroism; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D015536:Down-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D026503:Low Density Lipoprotein Receptor-Related Protein-1; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D017628:Microglia / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D009457:Neuroglia / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000235:genetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D020033:Protein Isoforms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D017433:Protein Structure, Secondary; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic / Q000378:metabolism; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000494:pharmacology; D017384:Sequence Deletion; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D013379:Substrate Specificity / Q000187:drug effects; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D001057:Apolipoproteins E; D026503:Low Density Lipoprotein Receptor-Related Protein-1; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D020033:Protein Isoforms; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D009569:Nitric Oxide