title: Ultrasound assessment of the endometrium in healthy, asymptomatic early post-menopausal women: saline infusion sonohysterography versus transvaginal ultrasound.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To exclude pre-existing endometrial pathology in asymptomatic early post-menopausal women before starting hormone replacement therapy by transvaginal ultrasound (TVS) and saline infusion sonohysterography (SIS).
  
  
  METHODS
  In a cross-sectional study, 148 healthy women (mean age, 51.1 years; range, 46-59 years) underwent ultrasound evaluation of the endometrium before participation in a clinical trial. TVS was used to measure double-layer endometrial thickness. SIS was performed at the same visit to measure anterior and posterior single-layer endometrial thickness, and to identify endometrial abnormalities when present. Ultrasound results were defined as informative if the endometrium could be adequately visualized. Findings on TVSs were defined as abnormal if a double-layer endometrial measurement > 5.0 mm was obtained. Findings on SIS were defined as abnormal if one or both single layers of the endometrium measured > 2.5 mm, or if focal endometrial thickening or a polyp was present.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 148 eligible women, informative TVS results were obtained from 134 women, SIS results from 133 women and both procedures combined from 119 women. TVS scans gave abnormal results in 8.2% of women (11 of 134) and SIS gave abnormal results in 36.8% of women (49 of 133). Of the 14 women with a non-informative TVS, eight had abnormal SIS results. Of the 15 women with a non-informative SIS, three had abnormal TVS results. In the 119 women with both informative TVS and SIS, abnormal TVS scans were found in 6.7% of women (eight of 119) and abnormal SIS in 34.5% of women (41 of 119). All eight women with abnormal TVS had an abnormal SIS, whereas 29.7% (33 of 111) of the women with a normal TVS had an abnormal SIS.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Ultrasound evaluation demonstrated endometrial abnormalities in 34.5% (41 of 119) of asymptomatic post-menopausal women. SIS is more accurate than TVS in the detection of endometrial abnormalities.
authors.affiliation: Project Aging Women, Department of Endocrinology, University Hospital Vrije Universiteit, PO Box 7057, 1007 MB Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Neele
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Marchien van Baal
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: van der Mooren
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kessel
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Netelenbos
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kenemans
mesh_terms: D004717:Endometrium / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D019160:Endosonography; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D017698:Postmenopause