title: Tumor associated trypsin inhibitor as a prognostic factor in renal cell carcinoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We analyzed the prognostic significance of pretreatment serum tumor associated trypsin inhibitor in renal cell carcinoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  Serum samples were obtained before surgery from 188 patients who underwent radical nephrectomy for renal cell carcinoma. Median followup of living patients was 8.5 years. Serum tumor associated trypsin inhibitor was measured by a time resolved immunofluorometric assay. Statistical analysis was performed using the Kaplan-Meier method, log rank and stratified log rank tests.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Preoperatively serum tumor associated trypsin inhibitor was elevated with a cutoff 16 microg/l in 48% of the patients with normal serum creatinine. The concentration in patients with cancer was significantly higher than in controls (p <0.0001). The serum level correlated with clinical stage and nuclear grade. Patients with an elevated level had significantly shorter survival time than those with a normal level (p = 0.005). Stratified log rank test demonstrated that tumor associated trypsin inhibitor was a prognostic factor independent of stage and grade in all patients as well as in those with nonmetastatic disease.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Increased preoperative serum tumor associated trypsin inhibitor was associated with poor survival in renal cell carcinoma. The serum level was an independent prognostic variable. Preoperative serum tumor associated trypsin inhibitor appears to be a useful predictive factor that may be used to identify patients at increased risk of aggressive disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Chemistry, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Paju
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jacobsen
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Rasmuson
authors.forename: U H
authors.initials: UH
authors.lastname: Stenman
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ljungberg
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000097:blood* / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000097:blood* / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015996:Survival Rate; D014359:Trypsin Inhibitor, Kazal Pancreatic / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D014359:Trypsin Inhibitor, Kazal Pancreatic