title: Transcriptional regulation of hepatitis B virus by nuclear hormone receptors is a critical determinant of viral tropism.
abstract: Hepatotropism is a prominent feature of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. Cell lines of nonhepatic origin do not independently support HBV replication. Here, we show that the nuclear hormone receptors, hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 and retinoid X receptor alpha plus peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha, support HBV replication in nonhepatic cells by controlling pregenomic RNA synthesis, indicating these liver-enriched transcription factors control a unique molecular switch restricting viral tropism. In contrast, hepatocyte nuclear factor 3 antagonizes nuclear hormone receptor-mediated viral replication, demonstrating distinct regulatory roles for these liver-enriched transcription factors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: McLachlan
mesh_terms: D016475:3T3 Cells; D000818:Animals; D051778:Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Leucine Zipper Transcription Factors; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D015967:Gene Expression Regulation, Viral; D006515:Hepatitis B virus / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology; D051541:Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 3-alpha; D051542:Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 3-beta; D051557:Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 4; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D010750:Phosphoproteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D012367:RNA, Viral; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear / Q000378:metabolism*; D018168:Receptors, Retinoic Acid / Q000378:metabolism*; D047488:Retinoid X Receptors; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D014779:Virus Replication
chemical_list: D051778:Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Leucine Zipper Transcription Factors; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; C496499:FOXA1 protein, human; C496502:FOXA2 protein, human; C496500:Foxa1 protein, mouse; C496503:Foxa2 protein, mouse; D051541:Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 3-alpha; D051557:Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 4; C403128:MLX protein, human; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D010750:Phosphoproteins; D012367:RNA, Viral; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear; D018168:Receptors, Retinoic Acid; D047488:Retinoid X Receptors; C501970:Tcfl4 protein, mouse; D014157:Transcription Factors; D051542:Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 3-beta