title: Identification and modulation of a naturally processed T cell epitope from the diabetes-associated autoantigen human glutamic acid decarboxylase 65 (hGAD65).
abstract: T cell recognition of autoantigens is critical to progressive immune-mediated destruction of islet cells, which leads to autoimmune diabetes. We identified a naturally presented autoantigen from the human islet antigen glutamic acid decarboxylase, 65-kDa isoform (GAD65), by using a combination of chromatography and mass spectrometry of peptides bound by the type I diabetes (insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, IDDM)-associated HLA-DR4 molecule. Peptides encompassing this epitope-stimulated GAD65-specific T cells from diabetic patients and a DR4-positive individual at high risk for developing IDDM. T cell responses were antagonized by altered peptide ligands containing single amino acid modifications. This direct identification and manipulation of GAD65 epitope recognition provides an approach toward dissection of the complex CD4(+) T cell response in IDDM.
authors.affiliation: Virginia Mason Research Center and Department of Immunology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98101, USA. nepom@vmresearch.org
authors.forename: G T
authors.initials: GT
authors.lastname: Nepom
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Lippolis
authors.forename: F M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: White
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Masewicz
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Marto
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Herman
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Luckey
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Falk
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Shabanowitz
authors.forename: D F
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Hunt
authors.forename: V H
authors.initials: VH
authors.lastname: Engelhard
authors.forename: B S
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Nepom
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D017951:Antigen Presentation / Q000276:immunology*; D001324:Autoantigens / Q000276:immunology*; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D002460:Cell Line; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000276:immunology*; D018984:Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte / Q000276:immunology*; D005968:Glutamate Decarboxylase / Q000276:immunology*; D015804:HLA-DR4 Antigen / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000276:immunology / Q000494:pharmacology; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000276:immunology*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data
chemical_list: D001324:Autoantigens; D018984:Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte; D015804:HLA-DR4 Antigen; D007527:Isoenzymes; D007371:Interferon-gamma; D005968:Glutamate Decarboxylase; C401141:glutamate decarboxylase 2