title: A new application for the Antoine equation in formulation development.
abstract: Characterization of formulation components in pre-formulation and formulation studies will be made easier if a rapid method to evaluate the evaporation characteristics of an ingredient in the formulation is developed. This study aims at providing a simple and rapid thermogravimetric method for estimating the vapor pressure characteristics using the Antoine equation as the analytical tool. The heat treatment for the majority of benzoic acid derivatives follows zero-order rate processes that are in good correlation with their evaporation process. The optimum conditions for the rising temperature experiments were found when the heating rate was 10 degrees C/min in an atmosphere of dry nitrogen (100 ml/min). Methyl paraben was taken as the calibration compound since its Antoine constants are reported in the literature, and its selected thermodynamic parameters were evaluated using the Langmuir equation. The coefficient of vaporization (k macro) was determined to be 124,525+/-0.8, with units being reported in the S.I. system. The corresponding vapor-pressure plots were obtained for the remaining compounds and their Antoine constants calculated.
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmacy and Department of Chemistry, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, USA.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Chatterjee
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Dollimore
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Alexander
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D004339:Drug Compounding / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005079:Excipients; D008970:Molecular Weight; D010226:Parabens; D011310:Preservatives, Pharmaceutical; D013696:Temperature; D013816:Thermodynamics; D014835:Volatilization
chemical_list: D005079:Excipients; D010226:Parabens; D011310:Preservatives, Pharmaceutical