title: Th1 genetic adjuvants modulate immune responses in neonates.
abstract: In these studies, we address the ability of DNA encoding Th1 cytokines to bias the isotype of antibody raised by neonatal or adult immunization with an influenza hemagglutinin expressing DNA (HA-DNA). Neonatal mice coimmunized with HA-DNA and either IL-12 or IFN-gamma-expressing DNA developed IgG2a-biased immune responses, regardless of inoculation method. In contrast, the Th1 genetic adjuvants had no effect on IgG subtype patterns in adults. In neonatal mice, the Th1 genetic adjuvants also shifted the pattern of lymphokine production by recall splenocytes from a mixed response of IFN-gamma and IL-5 to exclusively IFN-gamma. In adults, despite the failure to change the isotype pattern of the antibody response, a shift towards IFN-gamma production also occurred for recall splenocytes following coimmunzation with IL-12. Thus, coinoculation of Th1 genetic adjuvants had greater effects on the nature of the immune response in the neonate than in adults.
authors.affiliation: Yerkes Regional Primate Research Center of Emory University, 954 Gatewood Road NE, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA.
authors.forename: T M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Pertmer
authors.forename: A E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Oran
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Madorin
authors.forename: H L
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Robinson
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000235:genetics; D000375:Aging / Q000276:immunology; D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn / Q000276:immunology*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D019267:Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000276:immunology; D007132:Immunoglobulin Isotypes / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000276:immunology; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D018664:Interleukin-12 / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D015848:Interleukin-5 / Q000032:analysis / Q000276:immunology; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D013154:Spleen / Q000276:immunology; D018417:Th1 Cells / Q000276:immunology*; D014611:Vaccination; D019444:Vaccines, DNA / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D019267:Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D007132:Immunoglobulin Isotypes; D015848:Interleukin-5; D019444:Vaccines, DNA; D018664:Interleukin-12; D007371:Interferon-gamma