title: The cardiac anesthesia risk evaluation score: a clinically useful predictor of mortality and morbidity after cardiac surgery.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The Cardiac Anesthesia Risk Evaluation (CARE) score is a simple risk classification for cardiac surgical patients. It is based on clinical judgment and three clinical variables: comorbid conditions categorized as controlled or uncontrolled, surgical complexity, and urgency of the procedure. This study compared the CARE score with the Parsonnet, Tuman, and Tu multifactorial risk indexes for prediction of mortality and morbidity after cardiac surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this prospective study, 3,548 cardiac surgical patients from one institution were risk stratified by two investigators using the CARE score and the three tested multifactorial risk indexes. All patients were also given a CARE score by their attending cardiac anesthesiologist. The first 2,000 patients served as a reference group to determine discrimination of each classification with receiver operating characteristic curves. The following 1,548 patients were used to evaluate calibration using the Pearson chi-square goodness-of-fit test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves for mortality and morbidity were 0.801 and 0.721, respectively, with the CARE score rating by the investigators; 0.786 and 0.710, respectively, with the CARE score rating by the attending anesthesiologists (n = 8); 0.808 and 0.726, respectively, with the Parsonnet index; 0.782 and 0.697, respectively, with the Tuman index; 0.770 and 0.724 with the Tu index, respectively. All risk models had acceptable calibration in predicting mortality and morbidity, except for the Parsonnet classification, which failed calibration for morbidity (P = 0.026).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The CARE score performs as well as multifactorial risk indexes for outcome prediction in cardiac surgery. Cardiac anesthesiologists can integrate this score in their practice and predict patient outcome with acceptable accuracy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesia, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. jydupuis@ottawaheart.ca
authors.forename: J Y
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Dupuis
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nathan
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lam
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Grimes
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bourke
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000758:Anesthesia / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006348:Cardiac Surgical Procedures / Q000401:mortality*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009017:Morbidity; D012307:Risk Factors