A novel retinoid-response gene set in vascular smooth muscle cells.
A modified suppression subtractive hybridization assay was performed to uncover genes induced by all-trans retinoic acid in cultured smooth muscle cells (SMC). Northern blotting studies confirmed the induction of 14 genes, many of which have heretofore been unrecognized as retinoid-inducible. Temporal expression and cycloheximide studies allowed us to categorize these genes as either immediate-early (LOX-1, endolyn, Stoned B/TFIIA alpha/beta-like factor, Src Suppressed C Kinase Substrate, and tissue transglutaminase) or delayed (cathepsin-L, ceruloplasmin, epithelin, importin alpha, alpha(8)-integrin, lactate dehydrogenase B, retinol dehydrogenase, spermidine/spermine N(1)-acetyltransferase, and VCAM-1) retinoid-response genes. A survey of rat tissues showed two of the genes (tissue transglutaminase and alpha(8)-integrin) to be highly restricted to vascular tissue. In situ hybridization verified expression of both tissue transglutaminase and alpha(8)-integrin to SMC in balloon-injured rat carotid artery. These findings unveil a new retinoid-response gene set that should be exploited to define molecular pathways involved in the antagonistic effects of retinoids on SMC growth and neointimal formation.
Chen
J
J
Center for Cardiovascular Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York 14642, USA.
Maltby
K M
KM
Miano
J M
JM
D000818:Animals; D015152:Blotting, Northern; D002339:Carotid Arteries / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003513:Cycloheximide / Q000494:pharmacology; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D017403:In Situ Hybridization; D008297:Male; D009131:Muscle, Smooth, Vascular / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D009693:Nucleic Acid Hybridization / Q000379:methods; D011500:Protein Synthesis Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D012313:RNA / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012176:Retinoids / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013997:Time Factors; D014018:Tissue Distribution; D014212:Tretinoin / Q000494:pharmacology
D011500:Protein Synthesis Inhibitors; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D012176:Retinoids; D014212:Tretinoin; D012313:RNA; D003513:Cycloheximide