Inactivation of HSV-1 and HSV-2 and prevention of cell-to-cell virus spread by Santolina insularis essential oil.
The essential oil obtained in toto from Santolina insularis was investigated for its antiviral activity on herpes simplex type 1 (HSV-1) and type 2 (HSV-2) in vitro. The IC(50) values, determined by plaque reduction assays, were 0.88 and 0.7 microg/ml for HSV-1 and HSV-2, respectively, while the CC(50) determined by the MTT test on Vero cells was 112 microg/ml, indicating a CC(50)/IC(50) ratio of 127 for HSV-1 and 160 for HSV-2. Results obtained by plaque reduction assays also indicated that the antiviral activity of S. insularis was principally due to direct virucidal effects. Antiviral activity against HSV-1 and HSV-2 was not observed in a post-attachment assay, and attachment assays indicated that virus adsorption was not inhibited. Up to 80% inhibition of HSV-1 was achieved at the concentration of 40 microg/ml by yield reduction assay. Furthermore, reduction of plaque formation assays also showed that S. insularis essential oil inhibits cell-to-cell transmission of both HSV-1 and HSV-2.
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Dipartimento di Scienze Chirurgiche e Trapianti d'Organo, Sezione di Microbiologia e Virologia, Università di Cagliari, Via Palabanda 14, 09123, Cagliari, Italy. adelogu@vaxca1.unica.it
Loy
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Pellerano
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Bonsignore
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Schivo
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D000327:Adsorption; D000818:Animals; D019659:Asteraceae; D002522:Chlorocebus aethiops; D006558:Herpes Genitalis / Q000821:virology; D006561:Herpes Simplex / Q000821:virology; D018259:Herpesvirus 1, Human / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000472:pathogenicity / Q000502:physiology; D018258:Herpesvirus 2, Human / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000472:pathogenicity / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D009822:Oils, Volatile / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014709:Vero Cells; D010948:Viral Plaque Assay
D009822:Oils, Volatile; D010938:Plant Oils