Cause and management of heart failure in patients with chronic renal disease.
Heart failure occurs in 40% of patients with end-stage renal disease and is a major determinant of mortality. Heart failure occurs in patients with left ventricular systolic dysfunction (dilated left ventricle) as well as those with a normal resting ejection fraction (nondilated left ventricle). This report describes the cause of heart failure among patients with end-stage renal disease and the effect of heart failure on survival. We also discuss the impact of renal failure on the medical management of these patients.
Al-Ahmad
A
A
Department of Medicine, Tufts University and New England Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA.
Sarnak
M J
MJ
Salem
D N
DN
Konstam
M A
MA
D048909:Diabetes Complications; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000209:etiology* / Q000628:therapy*; D006710:Homocysteine / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D006949:Hyperlipidemias / Q000150:complications; D006973:Hypertension / Q000150:complications; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000150:complications* / Q000628:therapy; D006435:Renal Dialysis; D012307:Risk Factors; D014511:Uremia / Q000150:complications
D006710:Homocysteine