title: Antimetastatic efficacy of niosomal pentoxifylline and its combination with activated macrophages in murine B16F10 melanoma model.
abstract: The aims of the present study were a) to enhance the effectiveness of antimetastatic agent, Pentoxifylline (PTX) by encapsulation in niosomes and b) to investigate the anticancer activity by combination therapy involving activated macrophages and PTX solution/PTX niosomes. Niosomes were prepared by lipid film hydration method. Particle size distribution revealed bimodal distribution with median vesicle size of 462 nm. The entrapment efficacy of PTX niosomes was found to be 9.64%. A cumulative release of 82.43% from niosomal suspension was observed at the end of 21 hours. Intravenous administration of niosomal PTX (6 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg) resulted in significant reduction in lung nodules in an experimental metastatic B16F10 model suggesting accumulation of PTX in a distant target organ-lung. Light microscopic observations of histologic sections showed a decrease in number of tumor islands in the lung. Macrophages activated by intraperitoneal injection of Iscove's Modified Dulbecco's Medium (IMDM) containing 20% fetal calf serum (FCS) followed by in vitro incubation with muramyl dipeptide (MDP) were more effective in controlling tumor spread than those activated by FCS alone. Combination therapy of activated macrophages and PTX solution/niosomal PTX showed no additive or synergistic effect in controlling tumor spread. Carbon clearance studies revealed that PTX inhibits the phagocytic ability of activated macrophages, thereby resulting in the failure of combination therapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Bombay College of Pharmacy, Kalina, Mumbai, India.
authors.forename: S Y
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Gaikwad
authors.forename: A G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Jagtap
authors.forename: A D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Ingle
authors.forename: S G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Ra
authors.forename: R P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Gude
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004338:Drug Combinations; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D008081:Liposomes; D008168:Lung / Q000473:pathology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D008262:Macrophage Activation; D017737:Macrophages, Peritoneal / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D008546:Melanoma, Experimental / Q000628:therapy*; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008811:Mice, Inbred DBA; D009368:Neoplasm Transplantation; D010431:Pentoxifylline / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D004338:Drug Combinations; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D008081:Liposomes; D010431:Pentoxifylline