title: Neuropsychological functioning of youths with sickle cell disease: comparison with non-chronically ill peers.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the neuropsychological functioning of children with sickle cell disease (SCD) with no evidence of overt clinical stroke to that of classmates without a chronic illness matched on gender, race, and age. We examined both overall level of performance and patterns of performance utilizing empirically derived construct scores of key domains of neurocognitive functioning.
  
  
  METHODS
  An abbreviated neuropsychological battery of tests was given to 31 children with SCD and 31 case controls. Empirically derived construct scores were developed for primary analyses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Children with SCD had significantly lower scores on three level-of-performance construct scores: total, verbal, and attention/memory. Mean scores for children with SCD were lower than those for case controls on every level-of-performance construct score and every standardized test score. However, pattern-of-performance construct scores were not significantly different.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Children with SCD without overt stroke demonstrate significant deficits in neurocognitive functioning compared to classroom case controls. These findings highlight the impact of SCD on general neurocognitive functioning and suggest that routine screening of cognitive functioning should be a requisite element of comprehensive care for children with SCD. Within the context of documented physical limitations, we conclude that children with SCD are at very high risk for impaired psychosocial outcomes.
authors.affiliation: Division of Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, USA. nollr0@chmcc.org
authors.forename: R B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Noll
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Stith
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Gartstein
authors.forename: M D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Ris
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Grueneich
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Vannatta
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kalinyak
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000755:Anemia, Sickle Cell / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001288:Attention / Q000502:physiology*; D002648:Child; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D020521:Stroke / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology*