title: Relations of stroke volume and cardiac output to body composition: the strong heart study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although cardiac output (CO) plays the vital role of delivering nutrients to body tissues, few data are available concerning the relations of stroke volume (SV) and CO to body composition in large population samples.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Doppler and 2D echocardiography and bioelectric impedance in 2744 Strong Heart Study participants were used to calculate SV and CO and to relate them to fat-free body mass (FFM), adipose mass, and demographic variables. Both SV and CO were higher in men than women and in overweight than normal-weight individuals, but these differences were diminished or even reversed by normalization for FFM or body surface area. In both sexes, SV and CO were more strongly related to FFM than adipose mass, other body habitus measures, arterial pressure, diabetes, or age. In multivariate analyses using the average of Doppler and left ventricular SV to minimize measurement variability, FFM was the strongest correlate of SV and CO; other independent correlates were adipose mass, systolic pressure, diabetes, age, and use of digoxin and calcium channel and beta-blockers.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In a population-based sample, SV and CO are more strongly related to FFM than other variables; increased FFM may be the primary determinant of increased SV and CO in obesity.
authors.affiliation: Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY, USA. rbdevere@med.cornell.edu
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Collis
authors.forename: R B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Devereux
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Roman
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: de Simone
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yeh
authors.forename: B V
authors.initials: BV
authors.lastname: Howard
authors.forename: R R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Fabsitz
authors.forename: T K
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: Welty
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000473:pathology; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001823:Body Composition; D015992:Body Mass Index; D001830:Body Surface Area; D001834:Body Water; D001835:Body Weight; D002302:Cardiac Output / Q000502:physiology*; D002307:Cardiography, Impedance; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000209:etiology; D003710:Demography; D004452:Echocardiography / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007198:Indians, North American; D008297:Male; D008433:Mathematics; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D013318:Stroke Volume / Q000502:physiology*; D014481:United States