title: Fibroblasts from the transversalis fascia of young patients with direct inguinal hernias show constitutive MMP-2 overexpression.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the expression pattern of certain metalloproteinases (MMPs) known to be involved in the degradation of the extracellular matrix in cultured fibroblasts from the transversalis fascia (TF) of patients with inguinal hernia.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Inguinal hernia is a common pathology, the cause of which remains unknown. It is, however, clear that the TF is one of the anatomical structures that may impede the formation of hernias, and particularly the direct type of hernia. In previous studies the authors found enhanced MMP-2 expression in TF specimens in vivo. The persistence of increased expression in cultured fibroblasts might support the idea of a genetic defect as the cause for this pathology.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fibroblasts from the TF of patients with direct and indirect inguinal hernia were cultured and compared with those obtained from control TF in terms of MMP (MMP-2 and MMP-9) expression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Significant active MMP-2 expression was shown by TF fibroblasts from young patients with direct hernias. These findings were confirmed by immunosorbent assay, immunoblotting, and zymography of the fibroblast culture media. No MMP-9 expression was detected.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results indicate that MMP-2 may be involved in the TF matrix degradative process in patients with direct hernia. The persistence of changes in MMP-2 levels in the cell cultures appears to suggest a genetic defect or irreversible change as the origin of this pathology rather than environmental factors, which may later participate in the development of the hernial process.
authors.affiliation: Department of Morphological Sciences and Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Alcalá, Madrid, Spain. juanm.bellon@uah.es
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Bellón
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bajo
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ga-Honduvilla
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Gimeno
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pascual
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Guerrero
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Buján
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005205:Fascia / Q000378:metabolism; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000378:metabolism*; D006552:Hernia, Inguinal / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D015151:Immunoblotting; D008297:Male; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 / Q000378:metabolism*; D008875:Middle Aged
chemical_list: D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2