title: Role of GLUT1 gene in susceptibility to diabetic nephropathy in type 2 diabetes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The XbaI polymorphism in the glucose transporter GLUT1 gene has been implicated in the development of diabetic nephropathy in Chinese type 2 diabetes patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  To examine whether the XbaI polymorphism is involved in the development of diabetic nephropathy in Caucasian type 2 diabetes patients, a large case control study was performed. The study group of 444 patients with type 2 diabetes consisted of three subgroups: 162 patients with normoalbuminuria (only patients with duration of type 2 diabetes of at least 10 years after diagnosis); 150 with microalbuminuria; and 132 subjects with persistent proteinuria or chronic renal failure (CRF). The polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based genotyping of the XbaI polymorphism was performed in each subject.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The genotype distribution in the subgroups showed an increased frequency of the (+/+) genotype in patients with microalbuminuria (41%; OR 1.40, 95% CI, 0.89 to 2.24) and proteinuria/CRF (47%; OR 1.82, 95% CI, 1.13 to 2.93, P = 0.013) when compared with normoalbuminuria (33%). No difference in the genotype distribution was observed between type 2 diabetes patients and healthy controls.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of this study in Caucasian patients with type 2 diabetes indicate that the XbaI(-) allele in the GLUT1 gene protects against the development of diabetic nephropathy. Our results are in contrast to the case control study in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes in which the presence of the XbaI(-) allele appeared to have a strong association with the development of diabetic nephropathy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine and Diabetes, Silesian School of Medicine, Zabrze, Poland. kchwdiab@mail.slam.katowice.pl
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Grzeszczak
authors.forename: D K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Moczulski
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zychma
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Zukowska-Szczechowska
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Trautsolt
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Szydlowska
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000419:Albuminuria / Q000235:genetics; D000483:Alleles; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D005787:Gene Frequency; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D005838:Genotype; D051272:Glucose Transporter Type 1; D006801:Humans; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000235:genetics; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009004:Monosaccharide Transport Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D011507:Proteinuria / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D051272:Glucose Transporter Type 1; D009004:Monosaccharide Transport Proteins; C495677:SLC2A1 protein, human