title: The impact of prostate biopsy on patient well-being: a prospective study of pain, anxiety and erectile dysfunction.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We prospectively studied the impact of transrectal ultrasound guided prostate biopsy on patient well-being.
  
  
  METHODS
  We enrolled 211 consecutive men who underwent a total of 218 biopsy events in a questionnaire based survey focusing on pain, anxiety and erectile dysfunction risk factors. Surveys were administered before, and immediately, 1 week and 1 month after biopsy. Quantitative information on the intensity of symptoms and signs was obtained using a uniform grading system.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Intraoperative pain considered severe in 20% of the biopsy events was associated with pain in the first 24 hours postoperatively, leading to analgesic use in 10%. Inflammatory infiltrate in the biopsy core and younger patient age correlated with persistent pain on days 2 and 7 after biopsy, respectively. Preoperative anxiety was reported in 64% of biopsy events and predictive of intraoperative pain. Anxiety peaked before result disclosure. Erectile dysfunction attributed to anxiety in anticipation of biopsy was reported in 7% of cases. At days 7 and 30, 15% of previously potent patients reported erectile dysfunction.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The impact of prostate biopsy on patient well-being begins while waiting for the scheduled procedure. Shortening the anticipation period before results are disclosed and administering pre-biopsy anxiety decreasing measures may benefit patients. Analgesic therapy is recommended in younger patients, those reporting moderate to severe intraoperative pain and those with known prostatic inflammatory infiltrate. The risk of acute erectile dysfunction should be discussed cautiously with patients who are potent before biopsy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Assaf-Harofeh Medical Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Zerifin, Israel.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zisman
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Leibovici
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kleinmann
authors.forename: Y I
authors.initials: YI
authors.lastname: Siegel
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lindner
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001007:Anxiety / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology*; D001706:Biopsy / Q000009:adverse effects*; D007172:Erectile Dysfunction / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010146:Pain / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires