title: 'Gene shaving' as a method for identifying distinct sets of genes with similar expression patterns.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Large gene expression studies, such as those conducted using DNA arrays, often provide millions of different pieces of data. To address the problem of analyzing such data, we describe a statistical method, which we have called 'gene shaving'. The method identifies subsets of genes with coherent expression patterns and large variation across conditions. Gene shaving differs from hierarchical clustering and other widely used methods for analyzing gene expression studies in that genes may belong to more than one cluster, and the clustering may be supervised by an outcome measure. The technique can be 'unsupervised', that is, the genes and samples are treated as unlabeled, or partially or fully supervised by using known properties of the genes or samples to assist in finding meaningful groupings.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We illustrate the use of the gene shaving method to analyze gene expression measurements made on samples from patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. The method identifies a small cluster of genes whose expression is highly predictive of survival.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The gene shaving method is a potentially useful tool for exploration of gene expression data and identification of interesting clusters of genes worth further investigation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Statistics, Sequoia Hall, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. tibs@stat.stanford.edu
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hastie
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tibshirani
authors.forename: M B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Eisen
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Alizadeh
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Levy
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Staudt
authors.forename: W C
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Botstein
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Brown
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D019295:Computational Biology / Q000379:methods; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling / Q000379:methods*; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D016393:Lymphoma, B-Cell / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000401:mortality; D016403:Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000401:mortality; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis / Q000379:methods*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D016019:Survival Analysis
chemical_list: D012333:RNA, Messenger