title: Recurrence of breast cancer following local excision alone for ductal carcinoma in situ.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess recurrence of breast cancer following local excision alone for ductal carcinoma in situ.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighteen patients who received complete resection for noninvasive ductal carcinoma between 1982 and 1997 were investigated in this study. The mean age of the patients was 45 (29-78) years old. The initial presentation was a clinically palpable tumor in 4 patients, nipple discharge in 6, and microcalcification on mammograms in 8. Patients with palpable tumor underwent wide excision with at least a 2-cm free margin. Patients whose mammograms showed microcalcification underwent lumpectomy, and those who showed nipple discharge underwent duct-lobular segmentectomy. Five patients who underwent lymph node dissection up to level I or II had no lymph node metastasis. The mean follow-up period was 86 months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Local recurrence in the conserved breast was seen in five (27.8%) of 18 patients. The actuarial five-year event-free survival was 76.2%. The histological type of the recurrent tumor was ductal carcinoma in situ in three patients and invasive carcinoma in two. There was no difference in age at initial operation or histological subtype between patients with and without recurrent disease, but patients presenting with nipple discharge initially had a significantly shorter ipsilateral disease-free interval than those presenting with tumor or microcalcification on mammograms. All patients with local recurrence in the conserved breast were treated with breast-conserving surgery or subcutaneous mastectomy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Local recurrence frequently occurs in patients presenting with nipple discharge treated by duct-lobular segmentectomy for noninvasive ductal carcinoma. Either wide excision with a larger free margin or adjuvant radiation therapy following duct-lobular segmentectomy should be considered for these patients.
authors.affiliation: Second Department of Surgery, Gunma University School of Medicine, 3-39-15 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Horiguchi
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Iino
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Takei
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Maemura
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Koibuchi
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Horii
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Matsumoto
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yokoe
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Oyama
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakajima
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Morishita
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001706:Biopsy; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D002285:Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008327:Mammography; D015412:Mastectomy, Segmental; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000473:pathology*; D011379:Prognosis; D012307:Risk Factors