title: Reversal of rocuronium with edrophonium during propofol versus sevoflurane anesthesia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The use of volatile anesthetics for maintenance of anesthesia can enhance the action of non-depolarizing muscle relaxants and interfere with the reversal of neuromuscular blockade. In this study, we studied the antagonism of rocuronium with edrophonium-atropine during propofol- versus sevoflurane-based anesthesia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Following induction of anesthesia with propofol (2-2.5 mg kg(-1), i.v.) and fentanyl (1-2 microg kg(-1) i.v.), rocuronium 0.6 mg kg(-1) i.v. was administered to facilitate tracheal intubation. Patients were then randomized to receive either a propofol infusion (100 microg kg(-1) min(-1)) or sevoflurane (1.0%, end-tidal) in combination with nitrous oxide 66% for maintenance of anesthesia. Neuromuscular blockade was monitored using electromyography at the wrist, and reversed with edrophonium 1.0 mg kg(-1) and atropine 0.015 mg kg(-1) when the first twitch hight (T1) of the train-of-four (TOF) stimulation recovered to 25% of the baseline value. Anesthetic maintenance with propofol or sevoflurane was continued following reversal until a TOF ratio of 0.7 was attained.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The clinical duration of action (i.e., time to 25% T1 recovery) was similar during both propofol- (39.3+/-14.6 min) and sevoflurane-based (48.1+/-19.7 min) anesthesia. However, the reversal time from 25% T1 to TOF ratio of 0.7 was significantly longer with sevoflurane [Median 2.8 (range 0.5-18.8) min] compared with propofol [1.5 (0.75-3) min] (P<0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We conclude that the clinical duration of action after a single dose of rocuronium, 0.6 mg kg(-1) i.v., was similar during both propofol- and sevoflurane-based anesthesia. However, the reversal of rocuronium-induced residual blockade was slower and more variable in the presence of sevoflurane.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Management, University of Texas, Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, 75239-9068, USA.
authors.forename: T J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Chiu
authors.forename: P F
authors.initials: PF
authors.lastname: White
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Forestner
authors.forename: M T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Murphy
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000732:Androstanols / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D000768:Anesthesia, General; D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation; D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous; D004491:Edrophonium / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017558:Elective Surgical Procedures; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008738:Methyl Ethers; D008875:Middle Aged; D003473:Neuromuscular Nondepolarizing Agents / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D019637:Orthopedic Procedures; D015742:Propofol; D000077123:Rocuronium; D000077149:Sevoflurane
chemical_list: D000732:Androstanols; D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation; D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous; D008738:Methyl Ethers; D003473:Neuromuscular Nondepolarizing Agents; D000077149:Sevoflurane; D004491:Edrophonium; D000077123:Rocuronium; D015742:Propofol