title: TMS produces two dissociable types of speech disruption.
abstract: We aimed to use repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) to disrupt speech with the specific objective of dissociating speech disruption according to whether or not it was associated with activation of the mentalis muscle. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) was applied over two sites of the right and left hemisphere while subjects counted aloud and recited the days of the week, months of the year, and nursery rhymes. Analysis of EMG data and videotaped recordings showed that rTMS applied over a posterior site, lateral to the motor hand area of both the right and the left hemisphere resulted in speech disruption that was accompanied by activation of the mentalis muscle, while rTMS applied over an anterior site on the left but not the right hemisphere resulted in speech disruption that was dissociated from activation of the mentalis muscle. The findings provide a basis for the use of subthreshold stimulation over the extrarolandic speech disruption site in order to probe the functional properties of this area and to test psychological theories of linguistic function.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, 17 Queen Square, London WC1N 3AR, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Stewart
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Walsh
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Frith
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Rothwell
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001931:Brain Mapping; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004292:Dominance, Cerebral / Q000502:physiology*; D004574:Electromagnetic Fields; D005152:Facial Muscles / Q000294:innervation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012684:Sensory Thresholds / Q000502:physiology; D013065:Speech Intelligibility / Q000502:physiology; D013068:Speech Production Measurement; D013342:Stuttering / Q000503:physiopathology; D014705:Verbal Behavior / Q000502:physiology*