title: Three-dimensional multiplanar ultrasound for fetal gender assignment: value of the mid-sagittal plane.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the feasibility and accuracy of fetal gender assignment from three-dimensional ultrasound (3D US) data at 10-24 weeks' gestation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three-dimensional ultrasound volume data on 47 fetuses were reviewed and divided into groups: 10-14, 15-18, and 19-24 weeks. Fetal genitalia were studied in axial and sagittal planes for gender assignment, using published criteria. The most valuable plane for assignment was noted. Gender assignment was compared with gender at birth.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Gender assignment was possible in 44 of 47 fetuses; 25 assigned male and 19 female. Between 10 and 14 weeks the mid-sagittal plane alone was diagnostic for all fetuses. Accuracy of assignment between 11 and 14 weeks was 100%. Between 15 and 18 and 19 to 24 weeks, male assignment was 100% accurate. Female assignment was 100% accurate between 15 and 18 weeks. Accuracy decreased to 60% in the 19 to 24 week group, however, in two of the five cases in which gender was wrongly assigned to be male, the assignment was prospectively considered doubtful due to poor resolution of volume data. Excluding these two cases, accuracy for female assignment in the 19-24 week group was 100%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Using 3D US, gender assignment was possible in 44 of 47 of fetuses, as early as 11 weeks' gestation. In early gestation, 11-14 weeks, accuracy of male and female gender assignment was 100%.
authors.affiliation: Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Department of Radiology, 111 S 11th Street, Suite 3390 Gibbon, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA.
authors.forename: A S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Lev-Toaff
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ozhan
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Pretorius
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bega
authors.forename: A B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Kurtz
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kuhlman
mesh_terms: D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D005836:Genitalia, Female / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D005837:Genitalia, Male / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012732:Sex Determination Analysis / Q000379:methods*; D016216:Ultrasonography, Prenatal / Q000379:methods*