title: The dynamics of the cellular immune response to HIV infection: implications for vaccination.
abstract: Recent advances in measuring T-cell responses to viruses have led to new insights into how these T cells respond. In the acute infection there are massive CD8+ T-cell responses to both Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Many of these T cells are effector cells and only a minority appear to be capable of maintaining immunological memory. In persistent virus infections, high levels of antigen-specific effector cells persist. If virus does not persist, the effectors fade in number but memory is maintained and is primed to react rapidly to a new challenge. A vaccine that stimulates only T-cell responses may protect when these memory cells respond rapidly enough to generate high numbers of effectors before the infecting virus becomes established.
authors.affiliation: MRC Human Immunology Unit, Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK.
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: McMichael
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Callan
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Appay
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hanke
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ogg
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rowland-Jones
mesh_terms: D016915:AIDS Vaccines / Q000276:immunology*; D000818:Animals; D018414:CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000276:immunology*; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007156:Immunologic Memory; D015302:Simian Immunodeficiency Virus / Q000276:immunology; D014611:Vaccination
chemical_list: D016915:AIDS Vaccines