title: Introducing ropivacaine into a department's epidural analgesic practice. Improving acute pain service practice.
abstract: The results of introducing a new licensed local anaesthetic drug, ropivacaine, into routine practice were evaluated by measuring the efficacy and adverse effects of patient controlled epidural analgesia (PCEA), using ropivacaine 2 mg/ml (R), or the mixtures in current use: fentanyl 5 (micrograms/ml with bupivacaine 1 mg/ml (BF5) and fentanyl 10 (micrograms/ml) with bupivacaine 1 mg/ml (BF10). All patients were nursed on general wards after surgery. For two months, 102 consecutive patients were studied. Pain scores at rest were significantly better in the fentanyl and bupivacaine groups, (mean rank R: 35.5, BF5: 22.7, BF10: 26.9, P < 0.05). There was a significant correlation between patient controlled boluses and pain at rest and (p < 0.001), and pain on moving (p < 0.001). Nausea and vomiting was worse in the BF10 (p < 0.05). Older patients demanded less analgesia (p < 0.001). Postoperatively BF5 provided better pain relief with trends demonstrating fewer side-effects and complications than BF10 or R. We now use fentanyl 5 (micrograms/ml and bupivacaine 1 mg/ml as our standard epidural infusion mixture.
authors.affiliation: Glenfield Hospital NHS Trust UHL, Leicester, UK.
authors.forename: T J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Towell
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Maric
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wyatt
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Duthie
mesh_terms: D000759:Adjuvants, Anesthesia / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D000368:Aged; D000577:Amides / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D015360:Analgesia, Epidural; D016058:Analgesia, Patient-Controlled; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D002045:Bupivacaine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D005283:Fentanyl / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D010147:Pain Measurement; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000188:drug therapy; D000077212:Ropivacaine; D006113:United Kingdom
chemical_list: D000759:Adjuvants, Anesthesia; D000577:Amides; D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D000077212:Ropivacaine; D005283:Fentanyl; D002045:Bupivacaine