title: Interconnectivity between the amygdaloid complex and the amygdalostriatal transition area: a PHA-L study in rat.
abstract: The amygdala orchestrates the formation of behavioral responses to emotionally arousing stimuli. Many of these responses are initiated by the central nucleus, which converges information from other amygdaloid nuclei. Recently, we observed substantial projections from the amygdala to the amygdalostriatal transition area, which is located dorsal to the central nucleus. These projections led us to question whether the amygdalostriatal transition area has a role in the initiation of behavioral responses in emotionally arousing circumstances. To explore this anatomically, we traced the interconnections between the amygdalostriatal transition area and the amygdaloid complex using the anterograde tracer Phaseolus vulgaris-leucoagglutinin. The lateral (the medial division and the caudal portion of the dorsolateral division) and the accessory basal nuclei (the parvicellular division) provide moderate-to-heavy projections to the amygdalostriatal transition area. Projections back to the amygdala are light and are composed of thin, faintly stained varicose fibers that resemble the labeling of cholinergic terminals. The extra-amygdaloid outputs of the amygdalostriatal transition area are sparse and include moderate projections to the caudoventral globus pallidus, the ansa lenticularis, and the substantia nigra pars lateralis. These data suggest that the amygdalostriatal transition area is one of the major targets for projections originating in the lateral and accessory basal nuclei of the amygdala. Via these pathways, emotionally significant stimuli can evoke behavioral responses that are different from those initiated via projections from the amygdala to the central nucleus. One such candidate response is the orienting response (i.e., saccadic eye movements and head direction) in a pathway that includes a projection from the lateral/accessory basal nucleus of the amygdala to the amygdalostriatal transition area, and from there to the substantia nigra, pars lateralis.
authors.affiliation: Epilepsy Research Laboratory, A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Kuopio, FIN-70 211 Kuopio, Finland.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Jolkkonen
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pikkarainen
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kemppainen
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pitkänen
mesh_terms: D000679:Amygdala / Q000166:cytology* / Q000502:physiology; D000818:Animals; D003342:Corpus Striatum / Q000166:cytology* / Q000502:physiology; D005917:Globus Pallidus / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D009434:Neural Pathways / Q000166:cytology* / Q000502:physiology; D010835:Phytohemagglutinins / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000502:physiology; D013378:Substantia Nigra / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology; D020530:Subthalamus / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D010835:Phytohemagglutinins; C100156:leukoagglutinins, plants