title: The effects of medetomidine and its reversal with atipamezole on plasma glucose, cortisol and noradrenaline in cattle and sheep.
abstract: In the present study, we report the effect of medetomidine followed by atipamezole on plasma glucose, cortisol and noradrenaline in calves, cows and sheep. Eight calves, eight lactating dairy cows and eight adult female sheep were included in a crossover trial. The animals were injected i.v. with medetomidine (40 microg/kg), followed 60 min later by atipamezole i.v. (200 microg/kg) or saline. The wash-out period between experiments was 1 or 2 weeks. In every animal, medetomidine induced a marked hyperglycaemia, which was reversed by atipamezole. Cortisol levels increased significantly in cows and sheep, reaching levels 4-8-fold higher than the baseline levels 25-45 min after injection of medetomidine. Atipamezole did not affect the cortisol levels, except in sheep where an increase was observed. Plasma levels of noradrenaline decreased in cows and sheep after medetomidine injection, reflecting the inhibition of sympathetic activity by the drug. After injection of the antagonist, there was a large increase in noradrenaline levels. In conclusion, a high dose of medetomidine does not seem to reduce the overall endocrine stress response in cattle and sheep, which has previously been reported in other species.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Microbiology and Food Hygiene, The Norwegian School of Veterinary Science, P.O. Box 8146 Dep., NO-0033 Oslo, Norway. birgit.ranheim@veths.no
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ranheim
authors.forename: T E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Horsberg
authors.forename: N E
authors.initials: NE
authors.lastname: Søli
authors.forename: K A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Ryeng
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Arnemo
mesh_terms: D000316:Adrenergic alpha-Agonists / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000317:Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000187:drug effects*; D002417:Cattle; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004347:Drug Interactions; D005260:Female; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000097:blood*; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D020926:Medetomidine / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009638:Norepinephrine / Q000097:blood*; D012756:Sheep
chemical_list: D000316:Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; D000317:Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists; D001786:Blood Glucose; D007093:Imidazoles; C050701:atipamezole; D020926:Medetomidine; D006854:Hydrocortisone; D009638:Norepinephrine