title: History of intraoperative ultrasound in neurosurgery.
abstract: This article chronicles the development of real-time ultrasound for use in operations in the central nervous system. Described are the technology and the various applications of ultrasound in the neurosurgical operating room. The use of real-time ultrasound to localize, characterize, and instrument lesions of the brain and spinal chord are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Section of Neurosurgery, University of Chicago Medical Center and Brain Research Institute, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA.
authors.forename: G J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Dohrmann
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Rubin
mesh_terms: D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000266:history* / Q000601:surgery; D004453:Echoencephalography / Q000266:history*; D049673:History, 20th Century; D006801:Humans; D009493:Neurosurgery / Q000266:history*; D013120:Spinal Cord Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000266:history* / Q000601:surgery