title: Localization of concealed norplant implants and implant fragments by a modified mammography technique.
abstract: A modified mammography technique for localization of concealed Norplant implants and Norplant fragments was applied to four patients, ages 18, 35, 22, and 25. A dedicated mammography unit and mammography film screen system affording high resolution and high contrast was applied under the same conditions to each patient. 26 kilovoltage peak (KVp) was used, ranging from 60 to 150 milliamperes. Using both the automatic exposure control and manual techniques, specific milliampere range depended on the specific case. The technique proved successful, as concealed Norplant capsules were exquisitely visualized by films obtained with a Siemens Mammomat 3000. Applying the same modified technique, precise location of the Norplant implants was determined using a fenestrated compression plate with an alphanumeric grid in a manner similar to hookwire localization of breast lesions under mammographic guidance. The capsules were then safely retrieved. We conclude that this modified technique may provide practitioners with valuable assistance in the exact localization of the Norplant capsule(s) or fragments, thereby facilitating their removal. Application of a modified mammography technique reveals precise localization of concealed Norplant capsules facilitating their removal.
authors.affiliation: Department of OB/GYN, The University of Tennessee Medical Center at Knoxville, Knoxville, TN 37920, USA. Hrodrigu@mc.utmck.edu
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Rodriguez
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: King
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Otis
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002214:Capsules; D003271:Contraceptive Agents, Female / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D004343:Drug Implants; D005260:Female; D005548:Foreign-Body Migration / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D006801:Humans; D016912:Levonorgestrel / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D008327:Mammography / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D002214:Capsules; D003271:Contraceptive Agents, Female; D004343:Drug Implants; D016912:Levonorgestrel