title: Assessing costs and cost effectiveness of pneumococcal disease and vaccination within Kaiser Permanente.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To review studies of the costs of pneumococcal disease and the cost effectiveness of pneumococcal conjugate vaccination conducted in association with the Kaiser Permanente Pneumococcal conjugate Efficacy Trial.
  
  
  RESULTS
  for each birth cohort of 3.8 million infants, routine pneumococcal conjugate vaccination program for healthy infants would prevent more than 12000 (78% of potential) meningitis and bacteremia cases, 53000 (69% of potential) pneumonia cases, and 1 million (8% of potential) otitis media episodes. Before accounting for vaccine costs, the vaccination program would reduce the costs of pneumococcal disease by $342 million in medical and $415 million in work-loss and other costs. Vaccination of healthy infants would result in net savings for society if the vaccine cost less than $46 per dose, and net savings for the health care payer if the vaccine cost less than $18 per dose.
authors.affiliation: Kaiser Permanente Vaccine Study Center, 1 Kaiser Plaze-16th floor, Oakland, CA 94612, USA. steve.black@kp.org
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Black
authors.forename: T A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Lieu
authors.forename: G T
authors.initials: GT
authors.lastname: Ray
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Capra
authors.forename: H R
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Shinefield
mesh_terms: D000041:Absenteeism; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000191:economics; D016470:Bacteremia / Q000191:economics / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015331:Cohort Studies; D017281:Cost of Illness; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D003365:Costs and Cost Analysis; D016527:Drug Costs; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007342:Insurance Benefits / Q000191:economics; D007343:Insurance Carriers / Q000191:economics*; D007345:Insurance Claim Review; D007348:Insurance, Health / Q000191:economics*; D008586:Meningitis, Pneumococcal / Q000191:economics / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology; D008876:Middle Ear Ventilation / Q000191:economics; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D009819:Office Visits / Q000191:economics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D010033:Otitis Media / Q000191:economics / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000628:therapy; D010043:Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care / Q000191:economics; D011008:Pneumococcal Infections / Q000191:economics* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000628:therapy; D022242:Pneumococcal Vaccines / Q000191:economics*; D011018:Pneumonia, Pneumococcal / Q000191:economics / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D014611:Vaccination / Q000191:economics*; D018074:Vaccines, Conjugate / Q000191:economics
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D022242:Pneumococcal Vaccines; D018074:Vaccines, Conjugate