title: Effects of dextromethorphan on the seizures induced by kainate and the calcium channel agonist BAY k-8644: comparison with the effects of dextrorphan.
abstract: BAY k-8644 (an L-type Ca(2+) channel agonist of the dihydropyridine class) is recognized as a potent convulsant agent. In this study, we used BAY k-8644 to explore the effects of dextromethorphan (DM) and its major metabolite, dextrorphan (DX), on the (pro)convulsant activity regulated by calcium channels. BAY k-8644 (2 mg/kg, s.c) potentiated seizures induced in rats by kainic acid (KA) (10 mg/kg, i.p.). DM appears more efficacious than DX in attenuation of KA-induced seizures. The anticonvulsant effect of a low dose (12.5 mg/kg, s.c.) of DM was reversed by BAY k-8644 (2 mg/kg) challenge. In contrast, BAY k-8644 (1 or 2 mg/kg) did not significantly affect an anticonvulsant effect from a higher dose (25 mg/kg) of either DM or DX. Intracerebroventricular injection of BAY k-8644 (37.5 microg) significantly induced seizures in mice. DM (12.5 or 25 mg/kg) pretreatment more significantly attenuated seizures evoked by BAY k-8644 than did DX (12.5 or 25 mg/kg). Furthermore, seizure activity induced by KA or BAY k-8644 was consistent with respective activator protein-1 DNA binding activity of the hippocampus. Therefore, our results suggest that the anticonvulsant effects of the morphinans involve, at least in part, the L-type calcium channel. They also suggest that DM is a more potent anticonvulsant than DX in the KA and BAY k-8644 seizure models.
authors.affiliation: Neurotoxicology Program, Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Korea Institute of Drug Abuse, Kangwon National University, Chunchon 200-701, South Korea. kimhc@cc.kangwon.ac.kr
authors.forename: H C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: K H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Ko
authors.forename: W K
authors.initials: WK
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: E J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.forename: K S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.forename: C Y
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.forename: W K
authors.initials: WK
authors.lastname: Jhoo
mesh_terms: D001498:3-Pyridinecarboxylic acid, 1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-5-nitro-4-(2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-, Methyl ester / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D000927:Anticonvulsants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002120:Calcium Channel Agonists / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003915:Dextromethorphan / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003917:Dextrorphan / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018690:Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists; D007608:Kainic Acid; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008811:Mice, Inbred DBA; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012640:Seizures / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000517:prevention & control*; D018808:Transcription Factor AP-1 / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000927:Anticonvulsants; D002120:Calcium Channel Agonists; D018690:Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D018808:Transcription Factor AP-1; D003917:Dextrorphan; D001498:3-Pyridinecarboxylic acid, 1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-5-nitro-4-(2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-, Methyl ester; D003915:Dextromethorphan; D007608:Kainic Acid