title: Green tea polyphenol (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate treatment of human skin inhibits ultraviolet radiation-induced oxidative stress.
abstract: The use of naturally occurring botanicals with substantial antioxidant activity to afford protection to human skin against UV damage is receiving increasing attention. The green tea constituent (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) is a potent antioxidant and has shown remarkable preventive effects against photocarcinogenesis and phototoxicity in mouse models. In this study we have investigated the effects of topical application of EGCG, the major polyphenol present in green tea, to human skin before UV irradiation on UV-induced markers of oxidative stress and antioxidant enzymes. Using immunohistochemistry and analytical enzyme assays, we found that application of EGCG (mg/cm(2) skin) before a single UV exposure of 4x minimal erythema dose (MED) markedly decreases UV-induced production of hydrogen peroxide (68-90%, P < 0.025-0.005) and nitric oxide (30-100%, P < 0.025-0.005) in both epidermis and dermis in a time-dependent manner. EGCG pretreatment also inhibits UV-induced infiltration of inflammatory leukocytes, particularly CD11b(+) cells (a surface marker of monocytes/macrophages and neutrophils), into the skin, which are considered to be the major producers of reactive oxygen species. EGCG treatment was also found to inhibit UV-induced epidermal lipid peroxidation at each time point studied (41-84%, P < 0.05). A single UV exposure of 4x MED to human skin was found to increase catalase activity (109-145%) and decrease glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity (36-54%) and total glutathione (GSH) level (13-36%) at different time points studied. Pretreatment with EGCG was found to restore the UV-induced decrease in GSH level and afforded protection to the antioxidant enzyme GPx. Further studies are warranted to study the preventive effects of EGCG against multiple exposures to UV light of human skin.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Volker Hall 501, 1530 3rd Ave S, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294-0019, USA. sxk32@po.cwru.edu
authors.forename: S K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Katiyar
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Afaq
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Perez
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mukhtar
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002374:Catalase / Q000378:metabolism; D002392:Catechin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000378:metabolism; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D007962:Leukocytes / Q000378:metabolism; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000528:radiation effects*; D011855:Radiodermatitis / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control*; D012867:Skin / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000528:radiation effects; D013662:Tea / Q000737:chemistry*; D013997:Time Factors; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D013662:Tea; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D002392:Catechin; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; C045651:epigallocatechin gallate; D002374:Catalase; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase; D005978:Glutathione