title: Clinical experience with open renal cryoablation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the safety and efficacy of open renal cryoablation of small solid renal masses, since the delivery of freezing temperatures has been shown to effectively ablate solid neoplasms of the liver, uterus, and prostate.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 29 patients were treated with open renal cryoablation since December 1996 and followed up to evaluate the treatment safety and initial radiographic response.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The median preoperative lesion size was 2.2 cm, with 22 solid renal masses and 7 complex renal lesions. Five serious adverse events occurred in 5 patients, with only one event directly related to the procedure. One patient experienced a biopsy-proven local recurrence, and 91.3% of patients (median follow-up 16 months) demonstrated a complete radiographic response with only a residual scar or small, nonenhancing cyst.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Open renal cryoablation appears to be a safe technique for the in situ destruction of solid or complex renal masses. However, inadequate freezing of renal cell carcinoma may result in local disease persistence. The expected slow growth rate of small renal cancers necessitates prolonged radiologic follow-up. Continued clinical research is required before renal cryoablation can be considered an acceptable curative treatment for renal cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, MCP Hahnemann University, School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
authors.forename: D B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Rukstalis
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Khorsandi
authors.forename: F U
authors.initials: FU
authors.lastname: Garcia
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Hoenig
authors.forename: J K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Cohen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001706:Biopsy; D016063:Blood Loss, Surgical; D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D003452:Cryosurgery / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000473:pathology; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008875:Middle Aged