title: Renal expression of endothelial and inducible nitric oxide synthase, and formation of peroxynitrite-modified proteins and reactive oxygen species in Wegener's granulomatosis.
abstract: To investigate the role of nitric oxide (NO) in glomerular inflammation, the expression of endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) and inducible NOS (iNOS) was studied in conjunction with inflammatory cell influx, H2O2 production, and the formation of nitrotyrosines in renal biopsies from patients with Wegener's granulomatosis (WG). Renal cryostat sections from patients with WG (n=15) were stained by immunohistochemistry for eNOS, iNOS, endothelial cells (CD31), nitrotyrosines, polymorphonuclear cells (PMNs, CD15), and monocytes/macrophages (CD14, CD68). Production of H2O2 was identified by enzyme cytochemistry using diaminobenzidine. In control tissues, strong staining for eNOS was found in glomerular and interstitial tubular capillaries and cortical vessels. A significant reduction in eNOS expression was found in WG biopsies, which was associated with a reduction in CD31 expression. Expression of iNOS was found in infiltrating inflammatory cells, mainly located in the interstitium. H2O2-producing cells were detected in glomeruli and were abundantly present in the interstitium. Nitrotyrosine-positive cells, however, were almost exclusively found in the interstitium. It is concluded that renal inflammation in WG is associated with the induction of iNOS in inflammatory cells and the formation of nitrotyrosines. Expression of eNOS in glomerular capillaries is lost, most likely due to endothelial cell damage. These results suggest that decreased NO production by endothelial cells, in conjunction with increased NO production by iNOS-positive inflammatory cells, is involved in renal tissue injury in WG.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Immunology, Pathology and Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Groningen, The Netherlands. Peter_Heeringa@med.unc.edu
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Heeringa
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bijl
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: de Jager-Krikken
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zandvoort
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Dijkstra
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Moshage
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Tervaert
authors.forename: A T
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Tiebosch
authors.forename: C G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Kallenberg
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: van Goor
mesh_terms: D015100:3,3'-Diaminobenzidine; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015153:Blotting, Western; D005260:Female; D014890:Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000378:metabolism; D007668:Kidney / Q000378:metabolism*; D016256:Lewis X Antigen / Q000276:immunology; D018950:Lipopolysaccharide Receptors / Q000276:immunology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000378:metabolism*; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III; D019408:Platelet Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000276:immunology; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism*; D014443:Tyrosine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000096:biosynthesis
chemical_list: D016256:Lewis X Antigen; D018950:Lipopolysaccharide Receptors; D019408:Platelet Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule-1; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D015100:3,3'-Diaminobenzidine; D014443:Tyrosine; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; C496319:NOS2 protein, human; C496314:NOS3 protein, human; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III