title: Treatment of nasolacrimal duct obstruction in adults with polyurethane stent.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the efficacy of polyurethane nasolacrimal duct stents in the treatment of epiphora resulting from primary acquired nasolacrimal duct obstruction in adults.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 25 patients (21 women and four men with mean age of 44 years, range 20 to 74 years) with nasolacrimal duct obstruction, 28 hollow polyurethane stents designed by Song and associates were placed under fluoroscopic guidance. The obstruction was complete in 20 lacrimal drainage systems and partial in eight. The lacrimal sac size was normal or large on dacryocystogram in all lacrimal drainage systems. A Ritleng probe was introduced through the upper punctum and advanced past the obstruction. A guide wire with a flexible tip was then introduced through the probe, over which the stent was advanced in retrograde fashion and placed into the lacrimal sac and nasolacrimal duct. Clinical success was defined by the demonstration of a completely patent lacrimal drainage pathway through saline irrigation and no or minimal complaint of epiphora.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Stent placement was technically successful in 26 of 28 lacrimal drainage systems (93%). The mean time of fluoroscopy screening was 3.2 minutes (range, 1.4 to 5.8 minutes). The overall success rate was 82% (23 of 28 lacrimal drainage systems). Two stents were completely occluded. In one lacrimal drainage system with minimal epiphora, the stented drainage pathway was partially occluded. The patients were followed up from 4 to 22 months (mean, 7.2 months).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Retrograde placement of a hollow polyurethane nasolacrimal duct stent is a technique that is simple and well tolerated by patients. This method achieves a high success rate and may be suggested as a nonsurgical procedure for adults with primary nasolacrimal duct obstruction and proper lacrimal sac size. The Ritleng probe facilitates the procedure.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Uludağ University School of Medicine, Bursa, Turkey. byazici@uludag.edu.tr
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Yazici
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Yazici
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Parlak
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003608:Dacryocystorhinostomy; D005260:Female; D005471:Fluoroscopy; D006801:Humans; D007767:Lacrimal Duct Obstruction / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009301:Nasolacrimal Duct / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D011140:Polyurethanes; D015607:Stents; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D011140:Polyurethanes