title: Anatomic validation of a novel method for left ventricular volume and mass measurements with use of real-time 3-dimensional echocardiography.
abstract: Assessment of left ventricular (LV) volumes and mass is a critical element in the evaluation of patients with cardiovascular disease. However, most non-invasive methods used for the quantitative measurements of LV volume and mass have important intrinsic limitations. Real-time 3-dimensional echocardiography (RT3D echo) is a new technique capable of acquiring volumetric images without cardiac or respiratory gating. The purpose of this study was to develop and validate a system for rapid LV volume and mass measurements with the use of RT3D echo images. To this end, in 11 explanted sheep hearts, the left ventricle was instrumented with a latex balloon and filled with known volumes of saline solution. Two independent observers made volume calculations from images acquired with RT3D echo. In addition, 21 open-chest sheep were imaged with RT3D echo for LV mass calculation. Anatomic LV mass was determined after removing the heart. A strong correlation was observed between the actual LV volumes and those calculated from the RT3D echo images (r = 0.99; y = 1.31 + 0.98x; standard error of the estimate = 2.2 mL). An analysis of intraobserver and interobserver variabilities revealed high indexes of agreement. A strong correlation was observed between actual LV mass and that calculated from RT3D echo images (r = 0.94; y = 14.4 + 0.89x; standard error of the estimate = 8.5 gm). Thus RT3D echo images allow rapid and accurate measurements of LV volume and mass. This technique may expand the use of cardiac ultrasonography for the quantitative assessment of heart disease.
authors.affiliation: Cardiology Branch, Division of Epidemiology and Clinical Applications, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Schmidt
authors.forename: R Z
authors.initials: RZ
authors.lastname: Freidlin
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Ohazama
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Laurienzo
authors.forename: C L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Brenneman
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Norman
authors.forename: O T
authors.initials: OT
authors.lastname: von Ramm
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Panza
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D019560:Echocardiography, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D015588:Observer Variation; D012756:Sheep; D013318:Stroke Volume