title: Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic modeling of cetrorelix, an LH-RH antagonist, after subcutaneous administration in healthy premenopausal women.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was the development of pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic models for the luteinizing hormone (LH) suppression and subsequent shift in LH surge and follicle-stimulating hormone by cetrorelix in women.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Cetrorelix is a potent luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LH-RH) antagonist and is used for the prevention of the premature ovulation indicated by an LH surge in in vitro fertilization. The pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic relationship for the suppression and the shift in the LH surge has not yet been established.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a placebo-controlled study, single subcutaneous doses of 1, 3, and 5 mg of cetrorelix were given to 36 subjects on day 8 of the natural menstrual cycle. Cetrorelix, LH, follicle-stimulating hormone, estradiol, and progesterone were determined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cetrorelix pharmacokinetics were described by a 2-compartment model with a terminal half-life of 56.9 +/- 27.1 hours. Mean shift in LH surge was by 4.1, 7.5, and 9.3 days with the 1-, 3-, and 5-mg doses, respectively. An indirect response sigmoid Emax model was developed for the suppression of LH and the shift in the LH surge. The inhibitory concentration of 50% (for LH suppression) and median effective concentration (for surge shift) estimates were 3.6 ng/mL and 1.6 ng/mL, respectively. The suppression of follicle-stimulating hormone was described by a similar Emax model, with an inhibitory concentration of 50% of 7.25 ng/mL.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic model was developed for the transient initial suppression of LH and the subsequent shift in the LH surge after 3 single subcutaneous doses of cetrorelix without ovarian stimulation. A separate model was developed for the suppression of follicle-stimulating hormone by cetrorelix. The shift in the LH surge could be adequately described by the model.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville 32610-0494, USA.
authors.forename: N V
authors.initials: NV
authors.lastname: Nagaraja
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Pechstein
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Erb
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Klipping
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hermann
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Niebch
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Derendorf
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001825:Body Fluid Compartments; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004958:Estradiol / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000097:blood; D007987:Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006727:Hormone Antagonists / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D007279:Injections, Subcutaneous; D007986:Luteinizing Hormone / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000097:blood; D008432:Mathematical Computing; D008954:Models, Biological; D017697:Premenopause / Q000097:blood* / Q000187:drug effects; D011374:Progesterone / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000097:blood; D016037:Single-Blind Method
chemical_list: D006727:Hormone Antagonists; D007987:Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone; D011374:Progesterone; D004958:Estradiol; D007986:Luteinizing Hormone; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone; C062876:cetrorelix