Laparoscopic varicocelectomy with preservation of the testicular artery in adolescents.
OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study was to determine if laparoscopic varicocelectomy (LV) with preservation of the testicular artery (TA) is a satisfactory alternative to standard open surgical techniques in adolescents.


METHODS
Between June 1993 and June 1999 left LV was performed on 40 boys, median age, 12 years (range, 9 to 16 years). Selection for surgical correction included size of the varicocele, symptoms, and clinical or ultrasound assessment for testicular hypotrophy. Eight patients had undergone previous left-sided inguinal surgery, 5 of these for varicocele. Three laparoscopic ports were used. The TA was identified and preserved with the aid of a Doppler flow transducer ("Smart Needle"). All the testicular veins were ligated and divided. The inferior epigastric (IE) veins also were ligated in 19 patients. The operating time was a mean of 1 hour. The postoperative follow-up for a median of 19.5 months (range, 3 to 36 months) included clinical and ultrasound assessment.


RESULTS
Preoperative assessment confirmed left-sided testicular hypotrophy 35 patients (88%). Thirty-eight varicoceles were stage 3, and 2 were stage 2. Testicular discomfort was present in 13 patients. Complete correction of the varicocele was achieved in 33 (83%). At a mean of 5 months after LV open repair in 7 patients confirmed a dilated cremasteric vein connecting to the IE veins. Ligation of the IE veins at the time of LV was associated with a persistent varicocele in 3 of 19 patients (16%), similar to the nonligated group, 4 of 21 patients (19%). Five patients (12.5%) had a mild hydrocele. The left testicular volume increased 30% to 50% in 28 patients (70%) at a median of 6.5 months after repair. Testicular atrophy did not occur in any patients. The majority of patients went home within 6 hours of surgery.


CONCLUSIONS
The laparoscopic technique with preservation of the TA is an acceptable alternative to open surgical treatment of varicoceles. Further, it eliminates the risk of testicular atrophy and is the technique of choice when previous inguinal surgery has been performed. Ligation of IE veins was not associated with a decrease in the persistence of varicocele postoperatively.
Cohen
R C
RC
Department of Paediatric Surgery, Royal Alexandra Hospital for Children, Parramatta, NSW, Australia.
D000293:Adolescent; D001158:Arteries; D002648:Child; D006801:Humans; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D012008:Recurrence; D012307:Risk Factors; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013737:Testis / Q000098:blood supply*; D018608:Ultrasonography, Doppler; D014646:Varicocele / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery*