title: In vivo, the direct and seizure-induced neuronal cytotoxicity of kainate and AMPA is modified by the non-competitive antagonist, GYKI 52466.
abstract: The 2,3-benzodiazepine GYKI 52466, administered intracerebrally or systemically, was assessed for its ability to protect against the neuronal death in the brain caused by intra-hippocampal injections of the non-N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor agonists, kainate and L-alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionate (AMPA). In contrast to a previous report, a low intra-hippocampal dose of GYKI 52466 (25 nmol) did not protect against kainate toxicity. In order to achieve higher doses of GYKI 52466, solubilization in 2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin was used, and limited protection against AMPA, but not kainate toxicity was found. There was a commensurate reduction in seizure-related neuronal loss in the limbic regions of the brain. When diazepam was used to prevent seizures, GYKI 52466 had no effect on hippocampal neuronal loss caused by the direct toxicity of AMPA and kainate on hippocampal neurons. Systemic administration of GYKI 52466 had only a minimal effect on preventing neuronal death caused by AMPA. In vivo, GYKI 52466 is only weakly effective as a neuroprotective agent.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Psychiatry and Behavioural Science, School of Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand. gj.lees@auckland.ac.nz
authors.forename: G J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Lees
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Leong
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D014151:Anti-Anxiety Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001569:Benzodiazepines; D016923:Cell Death / Q000187:drug effects; D004827:Epilepsy / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000188:drug therapy; D018690:Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists / Q000633:toxicity*; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000166:cytology; D007608:Kainic Acid / Q000633:toxicity*; D009410:Nerve Degeneration / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy; D009474:Neurons / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012640:Seizures / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy; D018350:alpha-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic Acid / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D014151:Anti-Anxiety Agents; D018690:Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; C061950:GYKI 52466; D001569:Benzodiazepines; D018350:alpha-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic Acid; D007608:Kainic Acid