title: SCA-12: Tremor with cerebellar and cortical atrophy is associated with a CAG repeat expansion.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To characterize the clinical and neuroradiologic features of a new spinocerebellar ataxia, SCA-12, in the index family.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  The authors recently linked SCA-12 to a novel CAG repeat expansion on chromosome 5q31-33 that is located within the 5' region of PPP2R2B, a gene encoding a brain-specific regulatory subunit of protein phosphatase 2A.
  
  
  METHODS
  Neurologic features of the proband and nine symptomatic relatives in the first SCA-12 family were compiled and, in some individuals, related to changes found on brain MRI or CT.
  
  
  RESULTS
  SCA-12 typically presented in the 4th decade of life with action tremor of the head or arms (present in 10/10 of the affected individuals). Hyperreflexia (8/10) was a common feature, and cerebellar signs (8/10), including ataxia, dysmetria, and dysarthria, developed gradually but were less prominent and disabling than cerebellar dysfunction in other SCA. Subtle parkinsonian features (9/10) and dementia (2/10) were observed in later stages of SCA-12, and psychiatric symptoms, including depression, anxiety, or delusions, were present in some affected family members (4/10). Two individuals studied had nondisabling neurologic signs neonatally, including nystagmus and lower extremity dystonia. Brain images of affected individuals revealed cerebral and cerebellar atrophy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  SCA-12 is a slowly progressive, autosomal dominant, neurodegenerative disorder that differs from other SCA in that it typically presents with action tremor in patients in their mid 30s and usually includes hyperreflexia and subtle parkinsonian signs. Cerebellar dysfunction, including gait ataxia, is relatively nondisabling, and cognitive or psychiatric disorders may occur. Neuroradiologic studies reveal atrophy of the cerebellum and cerebral cortex.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. eohearn@jhmi.edu
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: O'Hearn
authors.forename: S E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Holmes
authors.forename: P C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Calvert
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Ross
authors.forename: R L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Margolis
mesh_terms: D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology; D002524:Cerebellar Ataxia / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010375:Pedigree; D014202:Tremor / Q000503:physiopathology*; D019680:Trinucleotide Repeat Expansion / Q000235:genetics*