title: Pharmacokinetic interaction between single oral doses of diltiazem and sirolimus in healthy volunteers.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The pharmacokinetic interaction between sirolimus, a macrolide immunosuppressant metabolized by CYP3A4, and the calcium channel blocker diltiazem was studied in 18 healthy subjects. Several clinically important interactions have previously been reported for other immunosuppressive drugs that are metabolized by the same enzyme and for calcium antagonists.
  
  
  METHODS
  Healthy subjects who were 20 to 43 years old participated in an open, three-period, randomized, crossover study of the pharmacokinetics of a single 10-mg oral dose of sirolimus, a single oral 120-mg dose of diltiazem, and the two drugs given together. The three study periods were separated by a 21-day washout phase.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The geometric mean (90% confidence interval) whole blood sirolimus area under the plasma concentration time-curve increased 60% (35%-90%), from 736 to 1178 ng x h/mL, and maximum concentration increased 43% (14%-81%), from 67 to 96 ng/mL, with diltiazem coadministration, whereas the mean elimination half-life of sirolimus decreased slightly, from 79 to 67 hours. Apparent oral clearance and volume of distribution of sirolimus decreased with 38% and 45%, respectively, when sirolimus was given with diltiazem. The plasma maximum concentration and area under the plasma concentration-time curve of diltiazem, desacetyldiltiazem, and desmethyldiltiazem were unchanged after coadministration of sirolimus, and no potentiation of the effects of diltiazem on diastolic or systolic blood pressure or on the electrocardiographic parameters was seen.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Single-dose diltiazem coadministration leads to higher sirolimus exposure, presumably by inhibition of the first-pass metabolism of sirolimus. Because of the pronounced intersubject variability in the extent of the sirolimus-diltiazem interaction, whole blood sirolimus concentrations should be monitored closely in patients treated with the two drugs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences and Technology, Huddinge University Hospital, Sweden, USA.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Böttiger
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Säwe
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Brattström
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tollemar
authors.forename: J T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Burke
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Häss
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Zimmerman
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000328:Adult; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000494:pharmacology; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004110:Diltiazem / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000494:pharmacology; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D004347:Drug Interactions; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D020123:Sirolimus / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D004110:Diltiazem; D020123:Sirolimus