title: Replicative response, immunophenotype, and functional activity of monocyte-derived versus CD34(+)-derived dendritic cells following exposure to various expansion and maturational stimuli.
abstract: Dendritic cells (DCs), generated ex vivo from blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) or CD34(+) stem cells, are being used to develop novel immunotherapies. To establish optimal DC generation, a direct comparison of the optimal cell source, culture conditions, and maturation stimuli was performed, utilizing phenotypic and functional assays as end points. Plastic adherent monocytes from PBMC were expanded in a serum-free medium (X-Vivo 10) for 7 days using GM-CSF/IL-4; CD34(+) cells were expanded for 14 days using GM-CSF/IL-4/ Flt3L, in either X-Vivo 10 alone or with albumin or autologous plasma. Expanded DC from both cell sources were matured for 7 days with CD40L or IFN-alpha/TNF-alpha. Starting from 2 x 10(7) monocytes, the optimal expansion/maturation process yielded 1.73 +/- 0.52 x 10(6) CD86(+) DC. Optimal expansion of CD34(+) cells (83.9 +/- 25.0-fold) was achieved using X-Vivo 10 with 5% plasma, matured with CD40L, and yielded 10.68 +/- 2.72 x 10(6) CD86(+) DC from 1 x 10(6) CD34(+) cells. Mature DC from PBMC or CD34(+) cells had similar enhanced expression of MHC class II HLA-DR, CD80, CD83, and CD86 and were potent stimulators of mixed lymphocyte reactions. Prior to maturation, all groups of DC actively phagocytosed apoptotic melanoma cells (approximately 50% of HLA-DR(+)). CD34(+) DC matured with CD40L or IFN-alpha/TNF-alpha had reduced phagocytic capability (34 and 31% of HLA-DR(+) DC, respectively). Similar expansion and functional activity was found using cryopreserved DC precursors, cultured in gas permeable bags. We conclude that both cell lineages produce potent mature DC, permitting exploration of the optimal clinical strategy to trigger anti-tumor immune responses in patients with malignancies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Center, Maywood, Illinois, 60153-5385, USA.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Stiff
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sloan
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kash
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Manjunath
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pathasarathy
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Oldenburg
authors.forename: K E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Foreman
authors.forename: B J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Nickoloff
mesh_terms: D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D018952:Antigens, CD34 / Q000032:analysis; D018122:B7-1 Antigen / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D051940:B7-2 Antigen; D023201:CD40 Ligand / Q000494:pharmacology; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D019070:Cell Lineage; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000737:chemistry / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D000069585:Filgrastim; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / Q000187:drug effects; D005802:Genes, MHC Class II; D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000494:pharmacology; D006684:HLA-DR Antigens / Q000096:biosynthesis; D019650:Hematopoietic Stem Cell Mobilization; D006412:Hematopoietic Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D007136:Immunoglobulins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D016130:Immunophenotyping; D016898:Interferon-alpha / Q000494:pharmacology; D007937:Leukapheresis; D007959:Lymphocyte Culture Test, Mixed; D008228:Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin / Q000097:blood; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology; D009000:Monocytes / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects; D009101:Multiple Myeloma / Q000097:blood; D010587:Phagocytosis / Q000187:drug effects; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000494:pharmacology; D000097802:CD83 Antigen
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD; D018952:Antigens, CD34; D018122:B7-1 Antigen; D051940:B7-2 Antigen; D023201:CD40 Ligand; D000069585:Filgrastim; D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor; D006684:HLA-DR Antigens; D007136:Immunoglobulins; D016898:Interferon-alpha; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D000097802:CD83 Antigen; C497964:CD86 protein, human; C084881:flt3 ligand protein