title: Spatial and temporal distribution of airborne Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki during an aerial spray program for gypsy moth eradication.
abstract: We measured airborne exposures to the biological insecticide Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki (Btk) during an aerial spray program to eradicate gypsy moths on the west coast of Canada. We aimed to determine whether staying indoors during spraying reduced exposures, to determine the rate of temporal decay of airborne concentrations, and to determine whether drift occurred outside the spray zone. During spraying, the average culturable airborne Btk concentration measured outdoors within the spray zone was 739 colony-forming units (CFU)/m3 of air. Outdoor air concentrations decreased over time, quickly in an initial phase with a half time of 3.3 hr, and then more slowly over the following 9 days, with an overall half-time of about 2.4 days. Inside residences during spraying, average concentrations were initially 2-5 times lower than outdoors, but at 5-6 hr after spraying began, indoor concentrations exceeded those outdoors, with an average of 244 CFU/m3 vs. 77 CFU/m3 outdoors, suggesting that the initial benefits of remaining indoors during spraying may not persist as outside air moves indoors with normal daily activities. There was drift of culturable Btk throughout a 125- to 1,000-meter band outside the spray zone where measurements were made, a consequence of the fine aerosol sizes that remained airborne (count median diameters of 4.3 to 7.2 microm). Btk concentrations outside the spray zone were related to wind speed and direction, but not to distance from the spray zone.
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Care and Epidemiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. teschke@interchange.ubc.ca
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Teschke
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chow
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Bartlett
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ross
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: van Netten
mesh_terms: D000336:Aerosols; D000392:Air Movements; D016902:Air Pollution, Indoor; D000818:Animals; D001413:Bacillus thuringiensis; D004781:Environmental Exposure; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D007300:Insect Control; D009036:Moths; D010316:Particle Size; D011634:Public Health
chemical_list: D000336:Aerosols