title: Dosimetry of rotational partial-skin electron irradiation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Often, the most appropriate treatment for superficially and extensively spreading tumors of the skin is to use electron irradiation at enlarged distances. Rotational skin electron irradiation is a proven method for the treatment of the entire skin surface. We here report modifications of this technique in the set-up of partial-skin electron irradiation and the results of dosimetric examinations with regard to optimal shielding, dose profiles and depth dose curves under various irradiation conditions.
  
  
  METHODS
  Irradiation was performed using electron beams with nominal energies of 6 MeV from a linear accelerator. The phantom was located on a rotating platform at a source-surface distance SSD=300 cm. A horizontal slit aperture (height: 32 cm) within a 2 cm thick polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) shielding plate near the phantom was used to define the size of the irradiated region. Influences on dose distributions due to scattering processes on the PMMA edges were investigated using a flat ionization chamber and films. Absolute dose measurements and film calibration were made with the flat chamber. The quality of bremsstrahlung radiation behind the shielding was determined with a thimble ionization chamber in the phantom.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of rotational partial-skin electron irradiation reveal some of the investigated shielding geometries to be optimal. Depth dose distributions and dose rates correspond to the results obtained in total skin electron rotational irradiation. It is possible to apply the dose superficially in the first millimeters of the skin; the dose maximum is located at a depth of 0-2 mm, the 80% isodose at 9 mm. The amount of bremsstrahlung contamination is 2.5%. The local amount of absorbed dose per monitor unit depends strongly on patient/phantom cross-section geometry. At our institute, rotational partial-skin electron irradiation was implemented into clinical routine in 1997.
authors.affiliation: Klinikum Darmstadt, Department of Radiooncology/Medical Physics, Grafenstrasse 9, D-64283 Darmstadt, Federal Republic of Germany.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Müller-Sievers
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ertan
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kober
mesh_terms: D015502:Absorptiometry, Photon; D002138:Calibration; D004307:Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation; D004867:Equipment Design; D006801:Humans; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D019904:Polymethyl Methacrylate; D011835:Radiation Protection / Q000295:instrumentation; D011879:Radiotherapy Dosage; D011882:Radiotherapy, High-Energy; D012399:Rotation; D012542:Scattering, Radiation; D012867:Skin / Q000528:radiation effects*; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D014962:X-Ray Film
chemical_list: D019904:Polymethyl Methacrylate