title: Considerations for orthognathic surgery during growth, part 1: mandibular deformities.
abstract: Management of the growing patient with mandibular dentofacial deformities presents a unique and challenging problem for orthodontists and surgeons. The surgical procedures required for correction of the deformity may affect postsurgical growth and dentofacial development. Further, facial growth may continue postoperatively and negate the benefits of surgery performed, resulting in treatment outcomes that are less than ideal. From individual patient characteristics, the type of deformity, and the indications for early surgical intervention, it is possible to effectively treat many cases during growth. A thorough understanding of facial growth patterns is essential, and each case needs to be evaluated individually. Surgery is often undertaken with the expectation that additional treatment, including more surgery, may be required after the completion of growth. The material presented here is based on the available research and the senior author'ss clinical experience of more than 25 years in the correction of mandibular deformities in the growing patient. Advantages and disadvantages of specific surgical techniques for correction of common mandibular deformities and pertinent age and surgical considerations are discussed. The material should be viewed as a general outline that provides broad guidelines for management of these patients. The management of maxillary deformities will be discussed in Part 2 of this article.
authors.affiliation: Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Wolford
authors.forename: S C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Karras
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mehra
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000367:Age Factors; D000539:Alveolar Process / Q000002:abnormalities; D002648:Child; D002680:Chin / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D008312:Malocclusion, Angle Class II / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D008313:Malocclusion, Angle Class III / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D008334:Mandible / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D008335:Mandibular Condyle / Q000601:surgery; D008445:Maxillofacial Development / Q000502:physiology; D010027:Osteotomy / Q000145:classification / Q000379:methods; D010347:Patient Care Planning; D011378:Prognathism / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D063173:Retrognathia / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D013704:Temporomandibular Joint / Q000502:physiology; D013997:Time Factors; D014059:Tongue / Q000502:physiology; D016896:Treatment Outcome