title: Human epidermal Langerhans' cells are targets for the immunosuppressive macrolide tacrolimus (FK506).
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The immunosuppressive macrolide tacrolimus (FK506) has been shown to inhibit allergic contact dermatitis in animal models as well as in human beings. More recently, successful treatment of atopic dermatitis with an ointment containing tacrolimus has been reported.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We explored the effects of this compound on epidermal Langerhans' cells (LCs), which are known to play an important pathophysiologic role in inflammatory skin diseases.
  
  
  METHODS
  The expression of the intracellular FK506 binding protein (FKBP12) was monitored on freshly isolated and cultured epidermal LCs. Phenotyping and functional exploration of LCs treated with different concentrations of tacrolimus and beta-methasone valerate (betaMv) were performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  FKBP12 is expressed in freshly isolated LCs but is lost while they are maturating into mature dendritic cells. Tacrolimus inhibited the expression of IL-2R (CD25) and of the costimulatory molecules CD80 (B7.1) and CD40. Expression of MHC class I and II was also affected, whereas CD86 (B7.2) expression was not altered. In contrast, betaMv strongly increased the expression of CD25. Paradoxically, while decreasing CD40 and MHC class I expression, betaMv significantly increased the expression of MHC class II, CD80, and CD86 on cultured LCs but impaired their allostimulatory activity. Tacrolimus was about 100 times more potent than betaMv at inhibiting LC stimulatory function.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Tacrolimus can exert immunopharmacologic alterations on LCs, which may account, at least in part, for the therapeutic effect of this compound in eczematous skin diseases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Friedrich-Wilhelms-University of Bonn, Germany.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Panhans-Gross
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Novak
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kraft
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Bieber
mesh_terms: D000287:Administration, Topical; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000096:biosynthesis; D018122:B7-1 Antigen / Q000096:biosynthesis; D051940:B7-2 Antigen; D001624:Betamethasone Valerate / Q000494:pharmacology; D003876:Dermatitis, Atopic / Q000188:drug therapy; D015536:Down-Regulation; D005938:Glucocorticoids; D015395:Histocompatibility Antigens Class I / Q000096:biosynthesis; D000949:Histocompatibility Antigens Class II / Q000096:biosynthesis; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007801:Langerhans Cells / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects*; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000096:biosynthesis; D017455:Receptors, IgE / Q000096:biosynthesis; D012867:Skin / Q000166:cytology*; D016559:Tacrolimus / Q000494:pharmacology*; D022061:Tacrolimus Binding Protein 1A / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D015703:Antigens, CD; D018122:B7-1 Antigen; D051940:B7-2 Antigen; C497964:CD86 protein, human; D005938:Glucocorticoids; D015395:Histocompatibility Antigens Class I; D000949:Histocompatibility Antigens Class II; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D017455:Receptors, IgE; D001624:Betamethasone Valerate; D022061:Tacrolimus Binding Protein 1A; D016559:Tacrolimus