title: Increased urinary excretion of bilirubin oxidative metabolites in septic patients: a new marker for oxidative stress in vivo.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Bilirubin oxidative metabolites (BOMs) are generated from bilirubin as a result of its scavenging action against free radicals. During sepsis, excess amounts of free radicals are produced, and they play an important role in the pathophysiological process. We studied whether urinary excretion of BOMs would increase under septic conditions in humans and compared BOM levels with other well-established clinical parameters of inflammation.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 19 septic patients and 28 nonseptic control patients, the BOM concentrations in urine were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with an anti-bilirubin antibody.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Urinary BOM levels in septic patients were much higher than those in control patients (21.6 +/- 2.5 vs 1.4 +/- 0.4 micromol/g creatinine, P < 0.001). Although there was a linear correlation between urinary BOM and serum total bilirubin levels (r = 0.392, P = 0.008), serum bilirubin levels were not significantly higher in the septic group than in the control group (P = 0.072). BOM levels correlated with body temperature (r = 0.801, P < 0.001), white blood cell counts in the peripheral blood (r = 0.590, P < 0.001), serum C-reactive protein (r = 0.653, P < 0.001), and the acute physiological and chronic health evaluation (APACHE II) score (r = 0.467, P = 0.003).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results demonstrated a urinary increase in BOMs in septic patients. This increase indicates that urinary BOM level is a possible marker for continuous monitoring of sepsis severity in clinical practice.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Otani
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shimizu
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Chijiiwa
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yamaguchi
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kuroki
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tanaka
mesh_terms: D018806:APACHE; D000368:Aged; D001663:Bilirubin / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine*; D015415:Biomarkers; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D018805:Sepsis / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000652:urine*; D012720:Severity of Illness Index
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D001663:Bilirubin