title: Intrathecal treatment of neoplastic meningitis due to breast cancer with a slow-release formulation of cytarabine.
abstract: DepoCyte is a slow-release formulation of cytarabine designed for intrathecal administration. The goal of this multi-centre cohort study was to determine the safety and efficacy of DepoCyte for the intrathecal treatment of neoplastic meningitis due to breast cancer. DepoCyte 50 mg was injected once every 2 weeks for one month of induction therapy; responding patients were treated with an additional 3 months of consolidation therapy. All patients had metastatic breast cancer and a positive CSF cytology or neurologic findings characteristic of neoplastic meningitis. The median number of DepoCyte doses was 3, and 85% of patients completed the planned 1 month induction. Median follow up is currently 19 months. The primary endpoint was response, defined as conversion of the CSF cytology from positive to negative at all sites known to be positive, and the absence of neurologic progression at the time the cytologic conversion was documented. The response rate among the 43 evaluable patients was 28% (CI 95%: 14-41%); the intent-to-treat response rate was 21% (CI 95%: 12-34%). Median time to neurologic progression was 49 days (range 1-515(+)); median survival was 88 days (range 1-515(+)), and 1 year survival is projected to be 19%. The major adverse events were headache and arachnoiditis. When drug-related, these were largely of low grade, transient and reversible. Headache occurred on 11% of cycles; 90% were grade 1 or 2. Arachnoiditis occurred on 19% of cycles; 88% were grade 1 or 2. DepoCyte demonstrated activity in neoplastic meningitis due to breast cancer that is comparable to results reported with conventional intrathecal agents. However, this activity was achieved with one fourth as many intrathecal injections as typically required in conventional therapy. The every 2 week dose schedule is a major advantage for both patients and physicians.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
authors.forename: K A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Jaeckle
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Phuphanich
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Bent
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Aiken
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Batchelor
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Campbell
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Fulton
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gilbert
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Heros
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Rogers
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: O'Day
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Akerley
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Allen
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Baidas
authors.forename: S Z
authors.initials: SZ
authors.lastname: Gertler
authors.forename: H S
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Greenberg
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: LaFollette
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lesser
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Mason
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Recht
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Chamberlain
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cohn
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Glantz
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Gutheil
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Maria
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Moots
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: New
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Russell
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Shapiro
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Swinnen
authors.forename: S B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Howell
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000964:Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001100:Arachnoiditis / Q000139:chemically induced; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003561:Cytarabine / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D005260:Female; D006261:Headache / Q000139:chemically induced; D006801:Humans; D007278:Injections, Spinal; D008577:Meningeal Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000556:secondary; D008875:Middle Aged; D009325:Nausea / Q000139:chemically induced; D016019:Survival Analysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D016312:Treatment Refusal; D014839:Vomiting / Q000139:chemically induced
chemical_list: D000964:Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D003561:Cytarabine