title: Effects of clausenamide on anisodine-induced acetylcholine decrease and memory deficits in the mouse brain.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the action mechanism of a new cognition enhancer clausenamide and the effect of clausenamide on regional acetylcholine (ACh) levels, and to examine anisodine-induced ACh decrease in mice of memory deficits, and to compare the effect of (-)clausenamide on ACh with that of (+)clausenamide.
  
  
  METHODS
  Animal amnesia model was induced by i.p. anisodine and brain ACh content was measured by high performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Single administration of (-)clausenamide or (+)clausenamide (10, 20, 50 mg/kg, i.g.) had no effect on the ACh level in the frontal cortex, hippocampus and striatum. However, pretreatment with (-)clausenamide (10, 20, 50 mg/kg, i.g.) significantly ameliorated the reduction of ACh induced by anisodine (10 mg/kg, i.p.) in a dose-dependent manner. Physostigmine (0.2 mg/kg, s.c.), as a cholinesterase inhibitor significantly increased the ACh levels and reversed the anisodine-induced ACh decrease. In contrast, (+)clausenamide had no effect on ACh decrease in all examined brain regions. (-)Clausenamide ameliorated anisodine-induced memory deficits in step-through test in mice.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is significant difference in the action of (-)clausenamide and (+)clausenamide. The protective action of (-)clausenamide against anisodine-induced amnesia is due to its ability to reverse the ACh reduction.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100050, China.
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Duan
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000109:Acetylcholine / Q000378:metabolism*; D000647:Amnesia / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal / Q000494:pharmacology; D007769:Lactams / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017705:Lignans; D051379:Mice; D011897:Random Allocation; D012602:Scopolamine Derivatives; D013237:Stereoisomerism
chemical_list: D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal; D007769:Lactams; D017705:Lignans; D012602:Scopolamine Derivatives; C053048:clausenamide; D000109:Acetylcholine; C012183:anisodine