title: Tubeless cutaneous ureterostomy: the Toyoda method revisited.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Cutaneous ureterostomy is a less invasive method of urinary diversion and an attractive option especially in patients at high risk. We retrospectively examined the long-term outcome of the method introduced by Toyoda.
  
  
  METHODS
  Since 1983 the Toyoda cutaneous ureterostomy has been performed in 61 patients (103 renal units) with a minimum of 3 months of followup. The ureteral patency rate was reviewed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 92 renal units (89%) that achieved a tubeless condition 53 (51%) had no hydronephrosis, 23 (22%) had mild to moderate hydronephrosis without the need for treatment, 14 (14%) were not evaluated during followup and 2 (2%) were removed due to subsequent renal pelvic and/or ureteral carcinoma.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A high ureteral patency rate was achieved with the Toyoda cutaneous ureterostomy. This procedure is a reasonable alternative to other forms of urinary diversion.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Kurashiki Central Hospital, Kurashiki, Okayama, Japan.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yoshimura
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Maekawa
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ichioka
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Terada
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Matsuta
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Okubo
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Arai
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013997:Time Factors; D014519:Ureterostomy / Q000379:methods*