Effects of estrogenic (o,p'-DDT; octylphenol) and anti-androgenic (p,p'-DDE) chemicals on indicators of endocrine status in juvenile male summer flounder (Paralichthys dentatus).
Laboratory experiments were conducted with male summer flounder to assess the value of selected measures of endocrine status in fish as indicators of exposure to endocrine-disrupting contaminants. Effects of 1,1,1-trichloro-2-(p-chlorophenyl)-2-(o-chlorophenyl) ethane (o,p'-DDT), octylphenol and 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis (p-chlorophenyl) ethylene (p,p'-DDE) on hepatosomatic and gonadosomatic indices, plasma steroid hormone levels, vitellogenin production, and gonadal development were evaluated in laboratory-raised, juvenile male summer flounder. Flounder were injected twice with test chemical in a coconut oil carrier. Each chemical was tested at three different concentrations. Estrogenic (o,p'-DDT; octylphenol) and anti-androgenic (p,p'-DDE) chemicals were evaluated alone and in combination (octylphenol plus o,p'-DDT or p,p'-DDE). Additionally, some fish were treated with the natural ligand for the estrogen receptor, 17beta-estradiol. Blood and tissues from different fish in each treatment were sampled 4, 6 and 8 weeks after the first injection. Fish exposed to a combination of o,p'-DDT plus octylphenol were also sampled after 15 weeks. In all cases, responses of fish exposed to a test chemical were compared to control fish sampled at the same time. The following significant differences, relative to controls, were observed in at least one sampling time or at least one concentration of chemical. 17beta-Estradiol-treated flounder exhibited decreased gonadosomatic index (GSI), altered hepatosomatic index (HSI), elevated plasma estradiol, reduced plasma testosterone, and high levels of plasma vitellogenin. Fish treated with o,p'-DDT showed lower GSI, no change in HSI or plasma estradiol, depression of plasma testosterone, and induction of vitellogenesis. Octylphenol treatment resulted in lower GSI, no change in HSI, initially increased plasma estradiol and decreased testosterone, and no vitellogenin production. p,p'-DDE treatment did not significantly alter any indicator relative to controls. In experiments using combinations of chemicals, flounder receiving o,p'-DDT plus octylphenol had lower GSI after 8 weeks and elevated plasma estradiol after 15 weeks exposure. Fish treated with p,p'-DDE plus octylphenol for 8 weeks exhibited a significantly lower GSI. Overall, lower GSI and plasma testosterone levels, relative to controls, were consistent indicators of exposure to estrogenic chemicals in juvenile male flounder. No indicators were found that would identify exposure to the mammalian anti-androgen p,p'-DDE.
Mills
L J
LJ
National Health and Environmental Effects Laboratory, Atlantic Ecology Division, US Environmental Protection Agency, 27 Tarzwell Drive, Narragansett, RI 02882, USA. mills.lesley@epa.gov
Gutjahr-Gobell
R E
RE
Haebler
R A
RA
Horowitz
D J
DJ
Jayaraman
S
S
Pruell
R J
RJ
McKinney
R A
RA
Gardner
G R
GR
Zaroogian
G E
GE
D000818:Animals; D003634:DDT / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004958:Estradiol / Q000097:blood; D004968:Estrogens, Non-Steroidal / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005432:Flounder / Q000502:physiology*; D007202:Indicators and Reagents; D007306:Insecticides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008099:Liver / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D012744:Sex Ratio; D013739:Testosterone / Q000097:blood; D014819:Vitellogenins / Q000097:blood
D004968:Estrogens, Non-Steroidal; D007202:Indicators and Reagents; D007306:Insecticides; D014819:Vitellogenins; D013739:Testosterone; D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene; D004958:Estradiol; D003634:DDT; C016340:o,p'-DDT