title: Phase I and pharmacokinetic study of the oral farnesyl transferase inhibitor SCH 66336 given twice daily to patients with advanced solid tumors.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A single-agent dose-escalating phase I and pharmacokinetic study on the farnesyl transferase inhibitor SCH 66336 was performed to determine the safety profile, maximum-tolerated dose, and recommended dose for phase II studies. Plasma and urine pharmacokinetics were determined.
  
  
  METHODS
  SCH 66336 was given orally bid without interruption to patients with histologically or cytologically confirmed solid tumors. Routine antiemetics were not prescribed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-four patients were enrolled onto the study. Dose levels studied were 25, 50, 100, 200, 400, and 300 mg bid. Pharmacokinetic sampling was performed on days 1 and 15. At 400 mg bid, the dose-limiting toxicity (DLT) consisted of grade 4 vomiting, grade 4 neutropenia and thrombocytopenia, and the combination of grade 3 anorexia and diarrhea with reversible grade 3 plasma creatinine elevation. After dose reduction, at 300 mg bid, the DLTs consisted of grade 4 neutropenia, grade 3 neurocortical toxicity, and the combination of grade 3 fatigue with grade 2 nausea and diarrhea. The recommended dose for phase II studies is 200 mg bid, which was found feasible for prolonged periods of time. Pharmacokinetic analysis showed a greater than dose-proportional increase in drug exposure and peak plasma concentrations, with increased parameters at day 15 compared with day 1, indicating some accumulation on multiple dosing. Plasma half-life ranged from 4 to 11 hours and seemed to increase with increasing doses. Steady-state plasma concentrations were attained at days 7 through 14. A large volume of distribution at steady-state indicated extensive distribution outside the plasma compartment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  SCH 66336 can be administered safely using a continuous oral bid dosing regimen. The recommended dose for phase II studies using this regimen is 200 mg bid.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Oncology, Rotterdam Cancer Institute (Daniel den Hoed Kliniek), Rotterdam, the Netherlands. eskens@oncd.azr.nl
authors.forename: F A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Eskens
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Awada
authors.forename: D L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Cutler
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: de Jonge
authors.forename: G P
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Luyten
authors.forename: M N
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Faber
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Statkevich
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sparreboom
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Verweij
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Hanauske
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Piccart
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D019883:Alkyl and Aryl Transferases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D051231:Farnesyltranstransferase; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010880:Piperidines / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011725:Pyridines / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003986:Dibenzocycloheptenes
chemical_list: D019883:Alkyl and Aryl Transferases; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D051231:Farnesyltranstransferase; D010880:Piperidines; D011725:Pyridines; C115354:lonafarnib; D003986:Dibenzocycloheptenes