title: In vitro activity of quinupristin/dalfopristin in comparison with five antibiotics against worldwide clinical isolates of staphylococci.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the in vitro activity of quinupristin/dalfopristin (Q/D), a streptogramin combination, in comparison with five antibiotics against worldwide clinical isolates of staphylococci.
  
  
  METHODS
  A multicenter in vitro study was performed using the E test during a period of 3 months (April to June) in 1997 on fresh, clinically significant, non repetitive strains of staphylococci from patients hospitalized in 23 different hospitals in 18 countries tested.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 2132 staphylococcal isolates including methicillin resistant (MR), methicillin susceptible (MS) S. aureus (1003 MS, 462 MR), S. epidermidis (169 MS, 251 MR), S. haemolyticus (28 MS, 46 MR), S. hominis (28 MS, 16 MR), and coagulase negative staphylococci (86 MS, 43 MR) were analyzed. Q/D was highly active against all species tested. MIC90 (mg/L) ranged from 0.5 to 2 depending on the species. Strains had MIC < or = 1 mg/L in 97.6%. For S. aureus, S. epidermidis, S. hominis and other coagulase-negative staphylococci no differences in MIC90 were observed for MS or MR. One dilution difference was observed for S. haemolyticus, which overall was the less susceptible species. Erythromycin resistance was observed among 57- 87% of MR-strains and was lower among MS-strains (18-56%). Erythromycin resistance had no or little influence on MIC of Q/D. In comparison to vancomycin, Q/D was two to four times more active.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The streptogramin combination Q/D showed an excellent in vitro activity against all staphylococcal species tested regardless of the resistance pattern to other drug classes, particularly resistance to methicillin. Q/D was two to four times more active than vancomycin and MIC values varied from 0.5-2 according to the species. The synergy of Q/D was well conserved in macrolide-resistant strains.
authors.affiliation: University Hospital Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland. raymond.aukenthaler@hcuge.ch
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Auckenthaler
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Courvalin
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Féger
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Roche
mesh_terms: D004352:Drug Resistance, Microbial; D018432:Drug Resistance, Multiple; D004357:Drug Synergism; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004917:Erythromycin / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D016106:Methicillin Resistance; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D013203:Staphylococcal Infections / Q000382:microbiology*; D013210:Staphylococcus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D020713:Vancomycin Resistance; D014769:Virginiamycin / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D014769:Virginiamycin; C062940:quinupristin-dalfopristin; D004917:Erythromycin