title: Increased secretion of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor in mucosal lesions of inflammatory bowel disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and interleukin (IL)-3 transmit a same signal needed for growth and activation in granulocytes and macrophages, because these receptors utilize a common beta chain. Little is known about growth factors for intestinal myeloid cells in lesions of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To find out whether GM-CSF is produced by the intestinal cells in IBD patients and controls.
  
  
  METHODS
  We measured levels of GM-CSF, tumor necrosis factor (TNF), and IL-3 in the media of organ culture and lamina propria mononuclear cells (LPMCs) culture of colonic mucosa from the patients with IBD. Next, we have investigated GM-CSF production of colonic epithelial cell lines.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Spontaneous secretion of GM-CSF was increased in inflamed mucosa, while secretion of IL-3 was not detected. Release of GM-CSF was enhanced in LPMCs from inflamed mucosa. Mucosal GM-CSF production was correlated to TNF-alpha production. Colonic epithelial cell line and T cell produced GM-CSF with superantigen stimulation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We revealed pivotal production of GM-CSF but not IL-3 in intestinal lesion of IBD. Increased secretion of GM-CSF might lead to chronic gut inflammation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Sendai Shakaihoken Hospital, Sendai, Japan. noguchim@fd5.so-net.ne.jp
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Noguchi
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hiwatashi
authors.forename: Z X
authors.initials: ZX
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Toyota
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000032:analysis / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000276:immunology; D015212:Inflammatory Bowel Diseases / Q000276:immunology*; D007377:Interleukin-3 / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male
chemical_list: D007377:Interleukin-3; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor