title: Sonographic markers of exencephaly at 9 + 3 weeks of gestation.
abstract: Following the introduction of transvaginal sonography, several first trimester diagnoses of the exencephaly anencephaly sequence have been reported, with the earliest being described at 10 weeks of gestation. We report a case with a high index of suspicion for exencephaly at 9 weeks and 3 days because of three sonographic features: the cranial pole of the embryo was smaller than the chest, the cranial pole bulged dorsally and the surface of the cranium was irregular. The diagnosis was confirmed by a repeat ultrasound examination at 11 + 4 weeks and by autopsy after termination of pregnancy.
authors.affiliation: Free University of Berlin, Klinikum Benjamin Franklin, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology,  199, 10719 Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Becker
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Mende
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Stiemer
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Entezami
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D009436:Neural Tube Defects / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011261:Pregnancy Trimester, First; D016216:Ultrasonography, Prenatal