Coping with chronic pain: a comparison of two measures.
Cognitive-behavioral models of chronic pain hypothesize that how a person copes with pain influences how well he or she adjusts to the pain. Several measures have been developed to assess pain coping, but no studies have yet examined whether these measures are complementary or redundant. In the current study, two pain coping measures (the Chronic Pain Coping Inventory, CPCI, and the Coping Strategies Questionnaire, CSQ) were completed by a large number (N=564) of primarily male veterans referred to a chronic pain program. Regression analyses indicated that the CPCI scales did not contribute unique variance to the prediction of depression over and above the CSQ scales. The CSQ Catastrophizing scale was the single most powerful predictor of depression, although several other CSQ scales (Coping Self-Statements, Diverting Attention, and Increasing Behavioral Activities) also contributed. Both the CPCI and the CSQ contributed unique variance to the prediction of disability, although the CPCI scales appear to be more strongly related to disability than the CSQ scales. The CPCI Guarding scale was the single most powerful predictor of disability of all the coping responses assessed in this study. Other scales predicting disability were the CPCI Seeking Social Support, the CSQ Catastrophizing, and the CSQ Increasing Behavioral Activities. While both CSQ and CPCI contribute unique but modest variance to the prediction of pain severity, the CSQ Catastrophizing scale was the single most powerful predictor of pain severity. The findings of this study are consistent with cognitive-behavioral models of pain. Future research will need to determine whether changes in coping responses (catastrophizing and guarding, in particular) merely reflect, or actually influence, adjustment to chronic pain. In the meantime, clinicians would be wise to give these coping responses particular attention in chronic pain programs.
Tan
G
G
Department of Veterans Affairs, Medical Center, 2002 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston TX 77030, USA.
Jensen
M P
MP
Robinson-Whelen
S
S
Thornby
J I
JI
Monga
T N
TN
D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D002908:Chronic Disease; D003863:Depression / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010146:Pain / Q000523:psychology*; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000379:methods*; D012044:Regression Analysis; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires