title: Dynamics of 1:2 Coordination: Sources of Symmetry Breaking.
abstract: Three asymmetries in the dynamics of 1:2 interlimb coordination were examined: the asymmetry in uncoupled frequencies, the asymmetry in coupled frequencies, and the left-right functional asymmetry of the body. In a bimanual 1:2 task, participants (N = 8) oscillated hand-held pendulums whose uncoupled frequencies were adjusted so that the first kind of asymmetry could be manipulated. For any given pendulum pair, the pendulum assuming the faster motion in the 1:2 coordination was oscillated in the right and the left hands. By assigning combinations of uncoupled eigenfrequencies and coupled task-specified frequencies across hands, the authors studied the interaction of all 3 asymmetries. The results confirm the appropriateness of generalized relative phase as a collective variable for 1:2 coordination. Additionally, they suggest that the generalized form of the detuning parameter represents the first asymmetry and that the coupling function expresses the second asymmetry. In 1:2 coordination, the body's functional asymmetry plays a limited role.
authors.affiliation: Department of Kinesiology, Pennsylvania State University, 266 Recreation Building, University Park, PA 16802, USA. dxs48@psu.edu
authors.forename: Dagmar
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sternad
authors.forename: M. T.
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Turvey
authors.forename: Elliot L.
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Saltzman