title: Effects of VIP and NO on the motor activity of vascularly perfused rat proximal colon.
abstract: The effects of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) and nitric oxide (NO) on the motor activity of the rat proximal colon were examined in an ex vivo model of vascularly perfused rat proximal colon. VIP reduced motor activity and this inhibitory effect was not altered by either atropine, hexamethonium, tetrodotoxin (TTX) nor TTX plus acetylcholine (ACh), but was completely antagonized by NO synthase inhibitor N(G)-nitro-L-arginine (L-NA) and by VIP receptor antagonist, VIP(10-28). These results suggest that VIP may exert a direct inhibitory effect on the motor activity of the rat proximal colon via a VIP receptor located on the smooth muscle and this effect is mediated by NO but not by cholinergic pathways. Atropine and hexamethonium reduced but ACh stimulated motor activity and the effect of ACh was not changed by TTX, suggesting that the cholinergic pathway may exert a direct stimulatory effect on motor activity. Single injection of TTX, VIP(10-28) or L-NA induced a marked increase in motor activity, suggesting that the motor activity of rat proximal colon is tonically suppressed by VIP and NO generating pathways, and elimination of inhibitory neurotransmission by TTX may induce an abnormal increase of the motor activity. The interaction between VIP and NO in regulation of motor activity was further examined by a measurement of NO release from vascularly perfused rat proximal colon. Results showed that NO release was significantly increased during infusion of VIP and this response was reversed by L-NA. These results suggest that VIP generating neurons may inhibit colonic motility by stimulating endogenous NO production in either smooth muscle cells or nerve terminals.
authors.affiliation: Department of 2nd Surgery, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta, Otsu, 520-2192, Japan.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kumano
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fujimura
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Oshima
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hayashi
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fujimiya
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001120:Arginine / Q000494:pharmacology; D003106:Colon / Q000098:blood supply / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology*; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000502:physiology*; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D010477:Perfusion; D010528:Peristalsis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D014660:Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D014660:Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide; D001120:Arginine; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase