title: Negative regulatory regions of the PAT1 promoter of Hz-1 virus contain GATA elements which associate with cellular factors and regulate promoter activity.
abstract: The persistence-associated transcript 1 (PAT1) is actively expressed during persistent infection with Hz-1 virus, while transcription of the rest of the viral genes is shut down. Previously, results of a series deletion of the PAT1 promoter suggested that the regions from nucleotides -312 to -212 and nucleotides -158 to -90 negatively regulate the promoter activity. Here, the negative regulatory effect of the -312/-90 fragment was confirmed using a heterologous IE0 promoter of Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus. Further, the negative regulation of the -312 to -212 region was orientation-independent. The results of electrophoresis mobility shift assays showed that cellular protein(s) bind specifically to DNA fragments -312/-212 and -158/-90. In each of these fragments, a GATA element was identified by computer-assisted analysis. Mutating both GATA elements in the -312/-90 fragment completely eliminated its negative effect on IE0 promoter activity, while mutating only one of these elements had little or no effect. Together, these results suggest that the GATA element has a negative regulatory role on the IE0 and PAT1 promoters.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biotechnology1 and Department of Biology2, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Hong-Hwa
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biotechnology1 and Department of Biology2, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Feng-Yuan
authors.initials: FY
authors.lastname: Tsai
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biotechnology1 and Department of Biology2, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chung-Te
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001665:Binding Sites; D002460:Cell Line; D016384:Consensus Sequence / Q000235:genetics; D004247:DNA / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D004267:DNA Viruses / Q000235:genetics*; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D050981:Erythroid-Specific DNA-Binding Factors; D015967:Gene Expression Regulation, Viral; D020868:Gene Silencing; D017930:Genes, Reporter / Q000235:genetics; D005814:Genes, Viral / Q000235:genetics; D007304:Insect Viruses / Q000235:genetics*; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D017924:Nucleopolyhedroviruses / Q000235:genetics; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000235:genetics*; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D020218:Response Elements / Q000235:genetics*; D017384:Sequence Deletion / Q000235:genetics; D018411:Spodoptera / Q000166:cytology / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000821:virology; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism*; D014162:Transfection; D014764:Viral Proteins / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D050981:Erythroid-Specific DNA-Binding Factors; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; C110720:Pag1 protein, Heliothis zea virus 1; D012367:RNA, Viral; D014157:Transcription Factors; D014764:Viral Proteins; D004247:DNA