title: Relation between initial blood distribution volume and propofol induction dose requirement.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Propofol induction dose is variable and depends on many factors, including initial volume of distribution and early disposition. The authors hypothesized that preadministration blood distribution volumes, cardiac output (CO), and hepatic blood flow (HBF) could be examined to establish a propofol induction dose.
  
  
  METHODS
  Propofol dose required to reach loss of consciousness, when infused at infusion rate per lean body mass (LBM) of 40 mg x kg(-1) x h(-1), was determined in 75 patients aged 11-85 yr. CO, blood volume (BV), central blood volume (CBV), and HBF were measured with indocyanine green pulse spectrophotometry. Univariate least squares linear regression analysis was used to individually analyze the relation between propofol induction dose and patient characteristics, including LBM, baseline distribution volumes, CO, and HBF. Stepwise multiple linear regression models were used to select important predictors of induction dose.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Although there was a significant correlation between the induction dose and each of the eight variables of age, sex, LBM, hemoglobin, CO, BV, CBV, and HBF, only factors of age (partial r = -0.655), LBM (partial r = 0.325), CBV (partial r = 0.540), and HBF (partial r = 0.357) were independently associated with the induction dose (R2 = 0.85) when all variables were included in a multivariate model.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  At a constant propofol infusion rate of 40 mg x kg(-1) x h(-1) as a function of LBM in patients with American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status I or II, the induction dose can be determined from four variables: age, LBM, CBV, and HBF.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, and Intensive Care, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan. tkazama@hama-med.ac.jp
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kazama
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ikeda
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Morita
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ikeda
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kikura
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sato
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001810:Blood Volume; D002302:Cardiac Output / Q000187:drug effects; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008102:Liver Circulation; D008297:Male; D008657:Metabolic Clearance Rate; D008875:Middle Aged; D015742:Propofol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*
chemical_list: D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous; D015742:Propofol