title: Helper-dependent adenoviral vector-mediated gene transfer in aged rat brain.
abstract: Transfer of the neurotrophin gene into brain can attenuate age-related deficits such as neuronal atrophy and memory loss, but a suitable vector for this procedure has been lacking. The toxicity and immunogenicity of first-generation adenoviral vectors with E1 deletion (fgAdv) prohibit the application of gene transfer in the majority of central nervous system disorders. Here, we report less toxic and persistent gene expression mediated by helper-dependent adenovirus (hdAdv) in aged rat brain. After intrahippocampal or intraventricular inoculation of the vector, transgene expression was monitored by X-Gal staining and compared with fgAdv-mediated expression. Host inflammatory and immune responses against these vectors were evaluated by immunohistochemical detection of microglia, astrocytes, and infiltrating macrophages, as well as by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay of cytokines TNF-alpha and IL-1beta. Transgene expression mediated by hdAdv persisted for more than 183 days regardless of inoculation site, as compared with 33 and 66 days for fgAdv-mediated expression after intraventricular and intrahippocampal inoculation, respectively. Inoculation with hdAdv was also associated with reduced numbers of activated microglial cells, astrocytes, and infiltrating macrophages in brain tissue. Secretion of the proinflammatory cytokines TNF-alpha and IL-1beta was minimal after hdAdv but not after fgAdv inoculation. These findings indicate that hdAdv would provide a safe and effective means to transfer therapeutic genes into aged brain.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery and Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zou
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D000256:Adenoviridae / Q000502:physiology*; D000375:Aging; D000818:Animals; D001253:Astrocytes / Q000378:metabolism; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism*; D002460:Cell Line; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005697:Galactosides / Q000378:metabolism; D015870:Gene Expression; D018014:Gene Transfer Techniques; D015316:Genetic Therapy; D005822:Genetic Vectors; D006378:Helper Viruses / Q000502:physiology*; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D007211:Indoles / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D017628:Microglia / Q000378:metabolism; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D051381:Rats; D011916:Rats, Inbred F344; D001616:beta-Galactosidase / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D005697:Galactosides; D007211:Indoles; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D001616:beta-Galactosidase; C044888:5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl beta-galactoside