title: Microdialysis in Parkinsonian patient basal ganglia: acute apomorphine-induced clinical and electrophysiological effects not paralleled by changes in the release of neuroactive amino acids.
abstract: During stereotaxic neurosurgery for deep brain stimulation in Parkinson's disease (PD), we performed a microdialysis study of the extracellular amino acid (aspartate, glutamate, glycine, and GABA) concentrations. Their levels were measured in the GPe/GPi of five and in the STN of four different PD patients, after prolonged therapy washout. The results show stable values of basal release of the examined amino acids within 1 h. The basal levels of GABA in "OFF" state were significantly higher in the GPi than in the GPe. Acute apomorphine administration, while inducing clinical amelioration and electrophysiological changes in the examined nuclei, did not change amino acid concentrations. This result could be related to a limited microdialysis ability to detect subtle changes in amino acid spontaneous release. Alternatively, it could suggest that dopaminergic receptors located in the output nuclei, possibly present also in humans, might mediate the acute apomorphine clinical effects, not involving amino acid changes along the direct and/or indirect pathway.
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Sezione di Farmacologia e Tossicologia, Viale Cembrano 4, 16148 Genova, Italy.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Fedele
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mazzone
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Stefani
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bassi
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Ansaldo
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Raiteri
authors.forename: M G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Altibrandi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pierantozzi
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Giacomini
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bernardi
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Stanzione
mesh_terms: D000200:Action Potentials / Q000187:drug effects; D000368:Aged; D001058:Apomorphine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D001479:Basal Ganglia / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000601:surgery; D004599:Electric Stimulation Therapy; D004567:Electrodes, Implanted; D004594:Electrophysiology; D005260:Female; D005917:Globus Pallidus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007279:Injections, Subcutaneous; D008297:Male; D017551:Microdialysis; D008875:Middle Aged; D018377:Neurotransmitter Agents / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy; D013238:Stereotaxic Techniques; D013378:Substantia Nigra / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D020531:Subthalamic Nucleus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D018377:Neurotransmitter Agents; D001058:Apomorphine