title: Fetal adrenal artery velocimetry measurements in appropriate-for-gestational age and intrauterine growth-restricted fetuses.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate adrenal artery blood flow in the fetus.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty-two appropriate-for-gestational-age (AGA) and 20 intrauterine growth-restricted (IUGR) fetuses were recruited to this cross-sectional study between 22 and 42 weeks of pregnancy in a tertiary referral fetal medicine unit of a university hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Doppler velocimetry of the fetal adrenal, umbilical (UA), renal and middle cerebral arteries (MCA). Pulsatility index (PI), resistance index (RI), peak systolic velocity (PSV), time-averaged maximum velocity (TAMXV) and cerebroplacental ratio (MCA RI/UA RI; CPR). Obstetric outcome.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The adrenal artery was detected in 82% of the fetuses. All flow velocity waveforms obtained from the adrenal artery indicated low impedance blood flow. No significant changes in PI, RI, PSV and TAMXV occurred with advancing gestation. The blood flow parameters of the adrenal artery did not differ between AGA and IUGR fetuses. In five IUGR fetuses with signs of redistribution of cardiac output in favor of the brain, the adrenal artery velocimetry results were unremarkable. The adrenal artery PI, RI, PSV and TAMXV values were higher in female fetuses than in male fetuses (P < 0.05). A relationship was observed between the velocity measurements and the estimated fetal weight (P < 0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The fetal adrenal artery could be readily detected. We observed no redistribution of blood flow in favor of the fetal adrenals in IUGR fetuses which were not severely compromised.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Oulu, 90220 Oulu, Finland.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tekay
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Jouppila
mesh_terms: D000311:Adrenal Glands / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D005317:Fetal Growth Retardation / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology; D005387:Finland; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011247:Pregnancy; D011336:Probability; D012016:Reference Values; D012212:Rheology; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D018615:Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color / Q000379:methods*; D016216:Ultrasonography, Prenatal / Q000379:methods*