title: Angiotensin II-generating enzymes.
abstract: The renin--angiotensin system (RAS) is a system of enzymes and hormones that regulate blood pressure and electrolyte and fluid homeostasis in mammals. Angiotensin II (Ang-II) is one of the most important and well-known components of RAS. It is formed from the protein precursor angiotensinogen by the sequential actions of proteolytic enzymes. The classic pathway of Ang-II generation includes a reaction catalyzed by angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE). However, there are alternative pathways for the generation of Ang-II. In this paper, possible routes of formation of Ang-II in the human body are reviewed. Various Ang-II-generating enzymes (tonin, cathepsin G, chymase, etc.) and their properties are considered. The classification of these enzymes is also considered.
authors.affiliation: Russian Cardiology Research Complex, Moscow, 121552 Russia.
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Belova
mesh_terms: D000804:Angiotensin II / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000145:classification / Q000502:physiology*; D000808:Angiotensinogen / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D056649:Cathepsin G; D002403:Cathepsins / Q000378:metabolism; D053818:Chymases; D002918:Chymotrypsin / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008954:Models, Biological; D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A / Q000378:metabolism*; D012084:Renin-Angiotensin System / Q000502:physiology*; D012694:Serine / Q000378:metabolism; D012697:Serine Endopeptidases / Q000378:metabolism; D020840:Tissue Kallikreins / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000808:Angiotensinogen; D000804:Angiotensin II; D012694:Serine; D002403:Cathepsins; D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A; D012697:Serine Endopeptidases; C117017:tonin; D002918:Chymotrypsin; C534094:CTSG protein, human; D056649:Cathepsin G; D020840:Tissue Kallikreins; D053818:Chymases