title: Usefulness of stroke distance by echocardiography as a surrogate marker of cardiac output that is independent of gender and size in a normal population.
abstract: Left ventricular outflow tract stroke distance (SD) can be measured using pulsed-wave Doppler echocardiography, and is independent of body size. Moreover, persons with structurally normal hearts (heart rate < 55 beats/min) had SD > 0.18 m, and those with a heart rate > 95 beats/min had SD < 0.22 m; outside of these parameters, low- and high-output states are likely to exist, and suspicion of these can be confirmed by calculation of minute distance (normal range 9.7 to 20.5 m/min).
authors.affiliation: Department of Echocardiography, University of Califonia, San Francisco 94143-0214, USA.
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Goldman
authors.forename: N B
authors.initials: NB
authors.lastname: Schiller
authors.forename: D C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.forename: R F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Redberg
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Foster
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002302:Cardiac Output / Q000502:physiology; D004452:Echocardiography; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013318:Stroke Volume / Q000502:physiology*; D016277:Ventricular Function, Left / Q000502:physiology