title: Ectopic beats in heart rate variability analysis: effects of editing on time and frequency domain measures.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Various methods can be used to edit biological and technical artefacts in heart rate variability (HRV), but there is relatively little information on the effects of such editing methods on HRV.
  
  
  METHODS
  The effects of editing on HRV analysis were studied using R-R interval data of 10 healthy subjects and 10 patients with a previous myocardial infarction (MI). R-R interval tachograms of verified sinus beats were analyzed from short-term ( approximately 5 min) and long-term ( approximately 24 hours) recordings by eliminating different amounts of real R-R intervals. Three editing methods were applied to these segments: (1) interpolation of degree zero, (2) interpolation of degree one, and (3) deletion without replacement.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In time domain analysis of short-term data, the standard deviation of normal-to-normal intervals (SDANN) was least affected by editing, and 30%-50% of the data could be edited by all the three methods without a significant error (< 5%). In the frequency domain analysis, the method of editing resulted in remarkably different changes and errors for both the high-frequency (HF) and the low-frequency (LF) spectral components. The editing methods also yielded in different results in healthy subjects and AMI patients. In 24-hour HRV analysis, up to 50% could be edited by all methods without an error larger than 5% in the analysis of the standard deviation of normal to normal intervals (SDNN). Both interpolation methods also performed well in the editing of the long-term power spectral components for 24-hour data, but with the deletion method, only 5% of the data could be edited without a significant error.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The amount and type of editing R-R interval data have remarkably different effects on various HRV indices. There is no universal method for editing ectopic beats that could be used in both the time-domain and the frequency-domain analysis of HRV.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Oulu, Kajaanintie 50, FIN-90220 OULU, Finland. misalo@paju.oulu.fi
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Salo
authors.forename: H V
authors.initials: HV
authors.lastname: Huikuri
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Seppänen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016477:Artifacts; D022062:Electrophysiologic Techniques, Cardiac; D006339:Heart Rate; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008875:Middle Aged