title: Phage types, antibiotic susceptibilities and plasmid profiles of Salmonella typhimurium and Salmonella enteritidis strains isolated in Istanbul, Turkey.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine 13 Salmonella typhimurium and 22 S. enteritidis strains isolated from individual cases of gastroenteritis for their phage types, antibiotic susceptibilities and plasmid profiles.
  
  
  METHODS
  The phage typing of S. typhimurium strains was done according to the method of Anderson et al, and the phage typing scheme of Ward et al was used for phage typing of S. enteritidis strains. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed by the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase production of the strains was determined by the three-dimensional method. Plasmid profiles of the strains were examined using the method described by Kado and Liu with some modification by Graeber et al.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Two S. typhimurium strains were DT 193 and one was DT 22, whereas 10 strains were untypable. PT 4 was the predominant phage type among S. enteritidis strains. Four S. enteritidis strains were DT 6a, three strains were PT 1 and one strain was PT 8, whereas only one strain was untypable. Eleven of 13 S. typhimurium and three of 22 S. enteritidis strains were found to be multiresistant. Ten different resistance patterns among S. typhimurium and four different resistance patterns among S. enteritidis strains were detected. Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase production was detected in 10 of 13 S. typhimurium and in three of 22 S. enteritidis strains. All S. typhimurium strains but one were found to contain at least one plasmid, with molecular masses varying between 4 and 107 MDa, and 11 different plasmid patterns were determined. Plasmid pattern analysis permitted further differentiation of the S. enteritidis strains into nine groups. A serovar-specific virulence plasmid of 36 MDa was detected in 13 of 22 S. enteritidis strains.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results suggest that the majority of S. typhimurium strains were closely related.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Istanbul Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Anğ-Küçüker
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Tolun
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Helmuth
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Rabsch
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Büyükbaba-Boral
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Törümküney-Akbulut
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Susever
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Anğ
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001434:Bacteriophage Typing; D004352:Drug Resistance, Microbial / Q000235:genetics; D018432:Drug Resistance, Multiple / Q000235:genetics; D005243:Feces / Q000382:microbiology; D005759:Gastroenteritis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology; D006801:Humans; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D008970:Molecular Weight; D010957:Plasmids / Q000032:analysis*; D012478:Salmonella Food Poisoning / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology*; D012477:Salmonella enteritidis / Q000145:classification* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D012486:Salmonella typhimurium / Q000145:classification* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D014421:Turkey; D001618:beta-Lactamases / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D001618:beta-Lactamases