title: Improvement of silver impregnation technique (protargol) to obtain morphological features of protists ciliates, flagellates and opalinates.
abstract: The research on ciliates, flagelates and opalinates have been widespread by the utilization of techniques employing silver impregnation (protargol), modified by several authors. However, these are time consuming and its results are variable. The present work is a variant of the technique described by Tuffrau (1964, 1967) showing some adaptations made in our laboratory. The organisms can be preserved by different fixatives (alcoholic Bouin, Stieve's fluid, 2.5% glutaraldehyde and others) and then rinsed in destilled water followed by a fast clarification by 3% sodium hypochloride. If the organism is very sensitive to hypochloride, 4% sodium lauryl sulfate may be used and then washed 3 times in distilled water. The protista can be adhered to the glass slides with Mayer's glycerinated-albumin (1 glycerin vol. to 1 or 2 albumin vol.), diluted in water at a proportion of 1:10 Cv/v., or with 1% polylysine followed by fast washes with distilled water. After the slide preparation, they were covered with a layer of 0,8% Silver proteinate. Right after that, the slide has to be placed in a glass tray lined with moist tissue and covered to prevent the proteinate to dry. The tray was placed in a incubator at 40 degrees - 50 degrees C for 30 minutes. The slides are rinsed for 1 minute. with warm (35 degrees C) distilled water. The development of the material should be done with 0.4% hydroquinone with a maximum incubation time of 1 minute. It should be developed gradually, controlling the silver impregnation intensity by observation under optical microscope. Next, rinse in distilled water for 1 minute, and then, fix in 2,5% Sodium thiosulfate. Rinse the slide for two minutes before dehydrating it in an alcoholic serial 50-100 degrees. Finally rinse the slides in xylene. Mount the slides with Entellan MerckTM or Canada balsam.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biologia, CCS, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Ilha do Fundão, RJ, Brazil.
authors.forename: I D
authors.initials: ID
authors.lastname: da Silva-Neto
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016798:Ciliophora / Q000166:cytology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D056890:Eukaryota / Q000166:cytology* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D012836:Silver Proteins; D016622:Silver Staining / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D012836:Silver Proteins; C003232:strong silver protein