Elicitation of high-frequency cytotoxic T-lymphocyte responses against both dominant and subdominant simian-human immunodeficiency virus epitopes by DNA vaccination of rhesus monkeys.
Increasing evidence suggests that the generation of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) responses specific for a diversity of viral epitopes will be needed for an effective human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) vaccine. Here, we determine the frequencies of CTL responses specific for the simian immunodeficiency virus Gag p11C and HIV-1 Env p41A epitopes in simian-human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV)-infected and vaccinated rhesus monkeys. The p11C-specific CTL response was high frequency and dominant and the p41A-specific CTL response was low frequency and subdominant in both SHIV-infected monkeys and in monkeys vaccinated with recombinant modified vaccinia virus Ankara vectors expressing these viral antigens. Interestingly, we found that plasmid DNA vaccination led to high-frequency CTL responses specific for both of these epitopes. These data demonstrate that plasmid DNA may be useful in eliciting a broad CTL response against multiple epitopes.
Barouch
D H
DH
Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA. dan_barouch@hotmail.com
Craiu
A
A
Santra
S
S
Egan
M A
MA
Schmitz
J E
JE
Kuroda
M J
MJ
Fu
T M
TM
Nam
J H
JH
Wyatt
L S
LS
Lifton
M A
MA
Krivulka
G R
GR
Nickerson
C E
CE
Lord
C I
CI
Moss
B
B
Lewis
M G
MG
Hirsch
V M
VM
Shiver
J W
JW
Letvin
N L
NL
D016915:AIDS Vaccines / Q000276:immunology*; D000818:Animals; D018984:Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte / Q000276:immunology*; D015683:Gene Products, gag / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D015700:HIV Envelope Protein gp41 / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D016056:Immunodominant Epitopes / Q000276:immunology; D008253:Macaca mulatta; D018449:SAIDS Vaccines / Q000276:immunology*; D016097:Simian Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control; D015302:Simian Immunodeficiency Virus / Q000276:immunology; D013602:T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic / Q000276:immunology*; D014611:Vaccination; D019444:Vaccines, DNA / Q000276:immunology*
D016915:AIDS Vaccines; D018984:Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte; D015683:Gene Products, gag; D015700:HIV Envelope Protein gp41; D016056:Immunodominant Epitopes; D018449:SAIDS Vaccines; D019444:Vaccines, DNA