title: Left atrial appendage flow in nonrheumatic atrial fibrillation : relationship with pulmonary venous flow and ECG fibrillatory wave amplitude.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study was conducted (1) to examine the relationship between left atrial appendage (LAA) flow velocity and pulmonary venous flow (PVF) variables during nonrheumatic atrial fibrillation (AF), and (2) to determine whether a reduction in LAA flow is reflected by the fibrillatory wave amplitude on the surface ECG.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Although LAA Doppler echocardiographic signals provide information regarding the velocity and direction of flow only for a localized narrow sample, systolic PVF represents in part the global left atrial function, mainly relaxation. Controversy exists about whether the amplitude of fibrillatory waves recorded on the surface ECG correlates with LAA flow velocity during AF.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirty-three patients (20 men, 13 women; mean [+/- SD] age, 61 +/- 11 years) with nonrheumatic AF undergoing transthoracic and transesophageal echocardiography were studied. A correlation between LAA flow velocity and systolic PVF variables (peak systolic velocity, R: = 0.450, p = 0.009; velocity-time integral of systolic flow, R = 0.491, p = 0.004; systolic fraction of PVF, R: = 0.627, p < 0.0001) was observed. Patients with a low LAA flow profile (< 25 cm/s) had a reduced systolic PVF. Longer AF duration and the occurrence of moderate mitral regurgitation were related to reduced LAA flow. AF was subdivided into coarse (peak-to-peak fibrillatory amplitude > or = 1 mm) or fine (< 1 mm) in standard ECG lead V1. There was no association between the coarseness of AF and the LAA flow profile.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In patients with nonrheumatic AF, a reduction in LAA flow velocity correlates with a reduction in systolic PVF. These hemodynamic changes are not reflected by the ECG fibrillatory wave amplitude.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Magdeburg, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany. andreas.bollmann@medizin.unimagdeburg.de
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bollmann
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Binias
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Grothues
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sonne
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Esperer
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Nikutta
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Klein
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001281:Atrial Fibrillation / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity; D003326:Coronary Circulation; D004562:Electrocardiography; D005260:Female; D006325:Heart Atria / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011667:Pulmonary Veins / Q000503:physiopathology