title: Exclusion of EDNRB and KIT as the basis for white spotting in Border Collies.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  White spotting patterns in mammals can be caused by mutations in the genes for the endothelin B receptor and c-Kit, whose protein products are necessary for proper migration, differentiation or survival of the melanoblast population of cells. Although there are many different dog breeds that segregate white spotting patterns, no genes have been identified that are linked to these phenotypes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  An intercross was generated from a female Newfoundland and a male Border Collie and the white spotting phenotypes of the intercross progeny were evaluated by measuring percentage surface area of white in the puppies. The Border Collie markings segregated as a simple autosomal recessive (7/25 intercross progeny had the phenotype). Two candidate genes, for the endothelin B receptor (EDNRB) and c-Kit (KIT), were evaluated for segregation with the white spotting pattern. Polymorphisms between the Border Collie and Newfoundland were identified for EDNRB using Southern analysis after a portion of the canine gene had been cloned. Polymorphisms for KIT were identified using a microsatellite developed from a bacterial artificial chromosome containing the canine gene.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Both EDNRB and KIT were excluded as a cause of the white spotting pattern in at least two of the intercross progeny. Although these genes have been implicated in white spotting in other mammals, including horses, pigs, cows, mice and rats, they do not appear to be responsible for the white spotting pattern found in the Border Collie breed of dog.
authors.affiliation: Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA. dlmetallinos@ucdavis.edu
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Metallinos
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rine
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D015139:Blotting, Southern; D001947:Breeding; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D003433:Crosses, Genetic; D004285:Dogs; D005260:Female; D005808:Genes, Recessive / Q000235:genetics; D008040:Genetic Linkage / Q000235:genetics*; D006200:Hair Color / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D018895:Microsatellite Repeats / Q000235:genetics; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010375:Pedigree; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic / Q000235:genetics; D019009:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-kit / Q000235:genetics*; D044023:Receptor, Endothelin B; D017466:Receptors, Endothelin / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics*; D016415:Sequence Alignment
chemical_list: D044023:Receptor, Endothelin B; D017466:Receptors, Endothelin; D019009:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-kit