title: Low-dose-rate ionizing irradiation for inhibition of secondary cataract formation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Secondary cataract formation limits visual function after cataract surgery. Various experimental methods utilizing the pharmacologic inhibition of lens epithelial cell proliferation have been proposed. However, diffusion into the anterior chamber may lead to damage of corneal endothelial cells. This study evaluated the inhibition of lens epithelial cell proliferation with a capsular bag ring, labeled with a beta-emitting radioisotope.
  
  
  METHODS
  In vitro studies using rabbit lens epithelial cells were performed to investigate the dose-dependent effect of irradiation. Based on these results, P-32-labeled PMMA rings were implanted into the capsular bag of NZW rabbits in vivo after phacoemulsification. Animals were examined for development of posterior capsule opacification over a period of 12 weeks following surgery. Radiation damage to the surrounding ocular tissue was subsequently analyzed in histologic sections using TUNEL assay and proliferation marker.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Irradiation of lens epithelial cells in vitro with >5 Gy resulted in a dose-dependent decrease in the number of cells. BrdU testing demonstrated a near complete inhibition of cell proliferation. In vivo, implantation of P-32-labeled PMMA rings led to inhibition of epithelial cell proliferation and secondary cataract formation but was not able to fully inhibit aberrant differentiation of some remaining cells. Histologic examination showed no evidence of radiation damage of the ciliary body or the corneal endothelium.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Low-dose beta irradiation exhibits the potential for inhibition of lens epithelial cell proliferation both in vitro and in vivo. Further investigation of various nuclides and their radiation profiles is needed to optimize the prevention of posterior capsule opacification due to epithelial cell proliferation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, University of Technology (RWTH) Aachen, Aachen, Germany. JoussenA@aol.com
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Joussen
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Huppertz
authors.forename: H R
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Koch
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kernert
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Camphausen
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Schlösser
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Foerster
authors.forename: F E
authors.initials: FE
authors.lastname: Kruse
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lappas
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kirchhof
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001610:Beta Particles; D002386:Cataract / Q000517:prevention & control*; D002455:Cell Division / Q000528:radiation effects*; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000528:radiation effects*; D005260:Female; D007908:Lens, Crystalline / Q000166:cytology / Q000528:radiation effects*; D018918:Phacoemulsification / Q000009:adverse effects; D011817:Rabbits; D011853:Radiobiology