title: Considerations for orthognathic surgery during growth, part 2: maxillary deformities.
abstract: The growing patient can present to the clinician with significant dentofacial deformities that require surgical correction. In some cases, certain functional, esthetic, and psychosocial factors may necessitate early surgical intervention. Although there is extensive literature on the effects and stability of orthognathic surgical correction of maxillary deformities in adults, the same is not true for the pediatric and adolescent growing patient. Not much is known about the predictability of orthognathic surgical procedures performed during growth or the effects such procedures have on subsequent facial growth. There is always the possibility that secondary corrective procedures may be required after the initial corrective surgery. This article presents recommendations based on available research and personal clinical experience in surgical correction of maxillary deformities in growing patients. The common maxillary dentofacial deformities, age considerations, and surgical alternatives and sequencing are presented. The treatment of mandibular deformities is addressed in Part 1 of this article.
authors.affiliation: Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Wolford
authors.forename: S C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Karras
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mehra
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D002648:Child; D004955:Esthetics, Dental; D005544:Forecasting; D006801:Humans; D008312:Malocclusion, Angle Class II / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D008313:Malocclusion, Angle Class III / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D008334:Mandible / Q000601:surgery; D008437:Maxilla / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000601:surgery; D008445:Maxillofacial Development; D010027:Osteotomy / Q000379:methods; D019340:Osteotomy, Le Fort / Q000145:classification / Q000379:methods; D010347:Patient Care Planning; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome