title: Bcl-2 down-regulation causes autophagy in a caspase-independent manner in human leukemic HL60 cells.
abstract: To understand the roles of bcl-2 for the survival of leukemic cells, we constructed human leukemic HL60 transformant lines in which full length bcl-2 antisense message was conditionally expressed by a tetracycline-regulatable expression system. Cell growth was completely inhibited after antisense message induction and massive cell death was induced. Electron microscopic examinations show that cells died by autophagy, but not by apoptosis. The morphology and the function of mitochondria remained intact: neither the reduction in mitochondrial membrane potential nor the nuclear translocation of AIF, a mitochondrial protein that translocates to nuclei in cases of apoptosis, was observed. Caspase inhibitors did not rescue bcl-2-antisense-mediated autophagy. Thus, bcl-2 is essential for leukemic cell survival and its down-regulation results in autophagy. Cell Death and Differentiation (2000) 7, 1263 - 1269.
authors.affiliation: Department of Hematology, Research Institute, International Medical Center of Japan, 1-21-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Saeki
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yuo
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Okuma
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yazaki
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Susin
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kroemer
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Takaku
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D018952:Antigens, CD34 / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D001343:Autophagy / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics*; D001854:Bone Marrow Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D020169:Caspases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D015536:Down-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics*; D004318:Doxycycline / Q000494:pharmacology; D015973:Gene Expression Regulation, Leukemic / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D018922:HL-60 Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D006801:Humans; D007938:Leukemia / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D016372:RNA, Antisense / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D018952:Antigens, CD34; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D016372:RNA, Antisense; D020169:Caspases; D004318:Doxycycline