title: Effect of severe aortic banding above the renal arteries on nitric oxide synthase isotype expression.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Severe aortic stenosis above the renal arteries leads to a reduction in renal perfusion, increased renin secretion, and elevation of arterial blood pressure above the stenotic site. Nitric oxide (NO) plays an important role in regulation of renal and systemic vascular resistance, renal blood flow, and Na(+) handling. Abdominal aortic banding provides an excellent model for simultaneous testing of the effects of increased and decreased pressure, flow, and shear stress in the same animal.
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied protein expressions of endothelial NO synthase (eNOS), inducible NOS (iNOS), and neuroneal NOS (nNOS) isotypes in the renal cortex, renal medulla, heart, brain, and aorta segments above and below the stenosis site three weeks after abdominal aortic banding above the renal arteries. The results were compared with those obtained in the sham-operated controls. NOS isotype proteins were measured by Western blot.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with the control group, the banded group showed significant up-regulations of eNOS, iNOS, and nNOS in renal cortex and medulla. Likewise, heart eNOS, brain nNOS, and thoracic aorta eNOS proteins were significantly increased in the banded group. However, eNOS and iNOS expressions were unchanged in the aorta segment below the stenotic site. Likewise, iNOS expression in the heart and thoracic aorta remained unchanged in the banded animals. No significant difference was found in creatinine clearance or urinary protein excretion between the two groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings clearly demonstrate the up-regulatory action of increased pressure on eNOS expression in the thoracic aorta and heart and of nNOS expression in the brain. These data further show up-regulation of all NOS isotypes in the kidney, which must have helped to mitigate the associated hypoperfusion.
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology, University of California, Irvine, California, USA.
authors.forename: C H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Barton
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Ni
authors.forename: N D
authors.initials: ND
authors.lastname: Vaziri
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001013:Aorta, Thoracic / Q000201:enzymology; D001024:Aortic Valve Stenosis / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001921:Brain / Q000201:enzymology; D007668:Kidney / Q000201:enzymology; D008297:Male; D009206:Myocardium / Q000201:enzymology; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000378:metabolism*; D052248:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type I; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012077:Renal Artery / Q000503:physiopathology*
chemical_list: D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D052248:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type I; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III; C496322:Nos1 protein, rat; C496318:Nos2 protein, rat; C496316:Nos3 protein, rat