title: Expression of endothelin receptor a associated with prostate cancer progression.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We determined the role of endothelin receptors in prostate cancer progression.
  
  
  METHODS
  We examined 51 prostate cancer specimens obtained at surgery or biopsy for the relationship of endothelin receptor expression determined by immunohistochemical staining with malignant potential.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The positive staining rate of endothelin receptor A in the 51 specimens was significantly higher than of endothelin B (71% versus 24%, p <0.0001). The staining rate of receptor A in Gleason score 5 to 10 disease was significantly higher than in Gleason 2 to 4 disease (91% versus 29%, p <0.0001). The overall staining rate of endothelin receptor A in nonorgan confined disease without bone metastasis but with extraprostatic disease was 87% in 23 cases, including 16 of 19 stage T3 (84%) and all 4 stage T4 (100%) cases. This rate was significantly higher than that of organ confined cancer (29%, p = 0.0003). All patients with bone metastasis had positive staining for endothelin receptor A. An especially high rate of intensely positive staining was observed for endothelin receptor A in biopsy specimens with bone metastasis or Gleason sum 8 to 10. Moreover, positive staining was stronger in cancer cells penetrating the prostatic capsule than in those at the primary foci. However, the positive staining rate of endothelin receptor B was not significantly different in organ and nonorgan confined cancer without bone metastasis (12% versus 26%, p = 0.4284), bone metastatic and nonmetastatic cancer (20% versus 36%, p = 0.2619) or the Gleason sum groups (p = 0.0874).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results indicate that endothelin receptor A expression may serve as a marker for and have an important role in prostate cancer progression.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Osaka Medical College, Takatsuki, Kobe University School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Gohji
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kitazawa
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tamada
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Katsuoka
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nakajima
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D018450:Disease Progression; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D017466:Receptors, Endothelin / Q000096:biosynthesis*
chemical_list: D017466:Receptors, Endothelin