title: FLICE-inhibitory protein is a key regulator of germinal center B cell apoptosis.
abstract: Affinity maturation of the B cell response to antigen (Ag) takes place in the germinal centers (GCs) of secondary follicles. Two sequential molecular mechanisms underpin this process. First, the B cell repertoire is diversified through hypermutation of the immunoglobulin (Ig) variable region genes. Second, mutant B cell clones with improved affinity for Ag are positively selected by Ag and CD40 ligand (L). This selection step is contingent upon "priming" of GC B cells for apoptosis. The molecular means by which B cell apoptosis is initiated and controlled in the GC remains unclear. Here, we show that GC B cell apoptosis is preceded by the rapid activation of caspase-8 at the level of CD95 death-inducing signaling complex (DISC). We found that GC B cells ex vivo display a preformed inactive DISC containing Fas-associated death domain-containing protein (FADD), procaspase-8, and the long isoform of cellular FADD-like IL-1beta-converting enzyme-inhibitory protein (c-FLIP(L)) but not the CD95L. In culture, c-FLIP(L) is rapidly lost from the CD95 DISC unless GC B cells are exposed to the survival signal provided by CD40L. Our results suggest that (a) the death receptor signaling pathway is involved in the affinity maturation of antibodies, and (b) c-FLIP(L) plays an active role in positive selection of B cells in the GC.
authors.affiliation: Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U404 Immunité et Vaccination, Lyon, Cedex 07, France.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hennino
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bérard
authors.forename: P H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Krammer
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Defrance
mesh_terms: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D017209:Apoptosis; D001402:B-Lymphocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology*; D053446:CASP8 and FADD-Like Apoptosis Regulating Protein; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D053181:Caspase 8; D053453:Caspase 9; D061945:Caspase Inhibitors; D020169:Caspases / Q000378:metabolism*; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D053200:Fas-Associated Death Domain Protein; D018858:Germinal Center / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D018448:Models, Immunological; D015398:Signal Transduction; D019014:fas Receptor
chemical_list: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D053446:CASP8 and FADD-Like Apoptosis Regulating Protein; C506386:CFLAR protein, human; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D061945:Caspase Inhibitors; C505533:FADD protein, human; D053200:Fas-Associated Death Domain Protein; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D019014:fas Receptor; C505530:CASP8 protein, human; C506433:CASP9 protein, human; D053181:Caspase 8; D053453:Caspase 9; D020169:Caspases