title: Structural and physiological properties of connections between individual reticulospinal axons and lumbar motoneurons of the frog.
abstract: Although the direct, monosynaptic influence of brainstem projections onto motoneurons is well-known, detailed morphological studies on the synaptic contact systems and a correlation with their functional properties are largely lacking. In this work, 43 pairs, each formed by a reticulospinal fiber contacting a lumbar motoneuron, were identified and studied electrophysiologically. Four of these were successfully labeled intracellularly with horseradish peroxidase (HRP) or neurobiotin and reconstructed using a computer-assisted camera lucida with high resolution. The mean amplitude of excitatory post-synaptic potentials (EPSPs) recorded in these four pairs varied from 100 to 730 microV, spanning most of the range obtained for all pairs (70-1,200 microV; mean +/- SD: 400 +/- 250 microV). Between two and four collaterals of reticulospinal axons established 4-19 close appositions with a labeled motoneuron. Mean distance from the origin of each collateral to any bouton on that collateral was 566-817 microm. A presynaptic action potential must pass 11 branch points on average to reach it. Similarly, the boutons presumably contacting motoneurons were on average 558-624 microm (9-11 branch points) from the origin of the collateral. The distributions of diameters of all boutons and those making putative contacts with stained motoneurons were very similar. The dendritic surface of stained motoneurons was symmetrically distributed along the rostrocaudal axis with more than half the surface being more than 500 microm from the soma. However, the contacts from reticulospinal axons were concentrated ventromedially, 262-356 microm (range of average values for four connections) from the motoneuron soma, in some instances on very proximal dendritic segments. Thus, the location and size of putative contacts in relation to axonal collaterals was not distinguishable from location and size of other boutons, but they occupied specific positions on dendrites of lumbar motoneurons. The number of contacts formed by a reticulospinal axon on a motoneuron in a particular location could be described as the product of the available dendritic surface and the total number of presynaptic boutons in this region. Compartmental models of the reconstructed motoneurons were created, and currents with the time course of an alpha function were injected at the sites of these putative contacts. Despite the restricted volume occupied by contacts from a single fiber, a high variability of their contributions to somatic EPSPs owing to electrotonic attenuation was shown: The coefficient of variation of quantal responses was estimated to be between 60% and 120%, comparable to the variability of the path distance between contacts and soma (50-90%).
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, University of Bern, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland.
authors.forename: A E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Dityatev
authors.forename: N M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Chmykhova
authors.forename: G V
authors.initials: GV
authors.lastname: Dityateva
authors.forename: A L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Babalian
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kleinle
authors.forename: H P
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: Clamann
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002451:Cell Compartmentation / Q000502:physiology; D048429:Cell Size / Q000502:physiology; D019706:Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials / Q000502:physiology; D008161:Lumbosacral Region; D008839:Microelectrodes; D008959:Models, Neurological; D009046:Motor Neurons / Q000166:cytology* / Q000502:physiology; D017729:Presynaptic Terminals / Q000502:physiology; D011893:Rana esculenta / Q000502:physiology*; D012154:Reticular Formation / Q000166:cytology* / Q000502:physiology; D013116:Spinal Cord / Q000166:cytology* / Q000502:physiology