title: BIGH3 gene analysis in the differential diagnosis of corneal dystrophies.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To identify the mutation in the keratoepithelin gene for proper diagnosis of granular corneal dystrophies.
  
  
  METHODS
  Four generations of a single family with corneal dystrophy were analyzed. Fourteen family members were examined and 11 were found to be affected by clinical evaluation. Genetic DNA was extracted from proband's leukocytes for molecular analysis. Exons 4 and 12 of the BIGH3 gene were amplified then directly sequenced.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The clinical appearance of corneas consisted of grayish white granules with sharp borders, fine dots, and radial lines in the superficial part of the central corneal stroma, which resembles granular and Avellino corneal dystrophies. Performing BIGH3 gene analysis, we observed a C-to-T transition at position 1710 (CGG to TGG) producing R555W mutation, which is a hot spot for granular corneal dystrophy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Direct clinical examination may be insignificant in the proper diagnosis of corneal dystrophies, and molecular genetic approach may be required.
authors.affiliation: SB Ankara Training and Research Hospital, Hacettepe University Institute of Child Health, Ankara, Turkey. inci@softhome.net
authors.forename: A G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Kocak-Altintas
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kocak-Midillioglu
authors.forename: A N
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Akarsu
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Duman
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002648:Child; D003315:Cornea / Q000473:pathology; D003317:Corneal Dystrophies, Hereditary / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics*; D004247:DNA / Q000032:analysis; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005091:Exons; D016326:Extracellular Matrix Proteins; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D010375:Pedigree; D010641:Phenotype; D017354:Point Mutation; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000235:genetics*; D000099222:betaIG-H3 Protein
chemical_list: D004247:DNA; D016326:Extracellular Matrix Proteins; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D000099222:betaIG-H3 Protein