title: Design and initial evaluation of a low-cost 3-Tesla research system for combined optical and functional MR imaging with interventional capability.
abstract: A 3-Tesla research system has been developed for functional and interventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) procedures on animal models based on a low field niche spectrometer. Use of two stages of fourth harmonic frequency multiplication has allowed us to produce a high-frequency spectrometer with good frequency stability based on a low-frequency direct digital synthesizer. The system has been designed with the ability to introduce interventional tools such as biopsy needles, radiofrequency (RF) electrodes, and fiber optics for optical spectroscopy and thermal ablation as well as drug infusions to allow function to be studied in the presence of external challenges. Full MR-compatible physiologic support capability allows animals to be maintained in a stable condition over extended periods of study. Functional MR images have been acquired by using gradient echoes (TR/TE = 40/12 msec) from the rat whisker barrel cortex using electrical stimulation (5-V, 1.5-mA, 1-msec pulses at 5 Hz via two needle electrodes inserted into the rat whisker pad). Initial results using respiratory gas challenges of 100% N(2), 100% O(2), and 10% CO(2) have shown excellent agreement between single wavelength (633 nm) optical and functional MR time series with subsecond time resolution. The 1-mm copper electrodes for interventional radiofrequency ablation procedures were easily visualized in the superior colliculus by using gradient echo sequences. This novel, low-cost, high field system appears to be a useful research tool for functional and interventional studies of rat brain and allows concurrent optical spectroscopy. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2001;13:87-92.
authors.affiliation: Section of Academic Radiology and Department of Psychology, University of Sheffield, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Glossop Road, Sheffield S10 2JF, England. m.n.paley@shef.ac.uk
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Paley
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Mayhew
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Martindale
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: McGinley
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Berwick
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Coffey
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Redgrave
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Furness
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Port
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ham
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Whitby
authors.forename: E J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: van Beek
authors.forename: I D
authors.initials: ID
authors.lastname: Wilkinson
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Darwent
authors.forename: P D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Griffiths
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D004867:Equipment Design; D005260:Female; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000295:instrumentation*; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy / Q000295:instrumentation; D015642:Radiology, Interventional / Q000295:instrumentation; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley