title: Chlorhexidine versus povidone iodine in preventing colonization of continuous epidural catheters in children: a randomized, controlled trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Chlorhexidine is better than povidone iodine for skin preparation before intravascular device insertion or blood culture collection, but it is not known whether chlorhexidine is superior in reducing colonization of continuous epidural catheters.
  
  
  METHODS
  Children requiring an epidural catheter for postoperative analgesia longer than 24 h were randomly assigned to receive skin preparation with an alcoholic solution of 0.5% chlorhexidine or an aqueous solution of 10% povidone iodine before catheter insertion. Using surgical aseptic techniques, catheters were inserted into either the lumbar or the thoracic epidural space based on the preferences of the anesthesia team, on clinical indication, or both. Immediately before epidural catheter removal, their insertion site and hub were qualitatively cultures. After their removal, the catheter tips were quantitatively cultured. Catheters were classified as colonized when their tips yielded 1,000 or more colony-forming units/ml in cultures.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 100 randomly assigned patients, 96 were evaluable. The clinical characteristics of the patients and the risk factors for infection were similar in the two groups. Catheters were kept in place for a median (range) duration of 50 (range, 21-100) h. Catheters inserted after skin preparation with chlorhexidine were one sixth as likely and less quickly to be colonized as catheters inserted after skin preparation with povidone iodine (1 of 52 catheters [0.9 per 100 catheter days] vs. 5 of 44 catheters [5.6 per 100 catheter days]; relative risk, 0.2 [95% confidence interval, 0.1-1.0]; P = 0.02). Coagulase-negative staphylococci were the only colonizing microorganisms recovered, and the skin surrounding the catheter insertion site was the origin of all the colonizing microorganisms.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Compared with aqueous povidone iodine, the use of alcoholic chlorhexidine for cutaneous antisepsis before epidural catheter insertion reduces the risk of catheter colonization in children.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Hôpital de Bicêtre, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kinirons
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Mimoz
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lafendi
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Naas
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Meunier
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Nordmann
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D015360:Analgesia, Epidural / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001419:Bacteria / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D002404:Catheterization / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002710:Chlorhexidine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000188:drug therapy*; D011206:Povidone-Iodine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012867:Skin / Q000382:microbiology*
chemical_list: D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local; D011206:Povidone-Iodine; D002710:Chlorhexidine