title: Lipoprotein(a) associated with coronary artery disease in older women: age and gender analysis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Lipoprotein (a) has been associated with increased coronary artery disease (CAD) risk in men, but relatively little data exists in women. While age influences the cardiovascular risk associated with Lp(a) in men, little is known about this phenomenon in women. The impact of gender on Lp(a) has not been fully studied in an ongoing clinical practice.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Baseline Lp(a) values were measured in 918 CAD and 829 non-CAD patients (603 females, 1144 males) entering an outpatient prevention clinic. The age-specific association of elevated Lp(a) (> 30 mg/dl) with CAD was examined after adjustment for traditional risk factors. Lp(a) was a significant risk factor (OR = 1.9, CI, 1.4-2.6) in men and women (OR = 1.9, CI 1.3-2.9). In men age < or = 55 years the odds ratio for increased cardiovascular risk in high vs low Lp(a) was 2.5 (CI 1.6-3.9). In men < or = 55, CAD increased from 32 to 61% as Lp(a) progressively rose from < or = 5 to > or = 45 mg/dl (P value for trend < 0.001). No significant increase was observed in men > 55 years (OR = 1.3, CI 0.9-2.1). In women < or = 55 years, the risk of CAD increased from 22 to 35% (OR 1.6, CI 0.8-3.2), and increased from 38 to 63% in women > 55 (OR 2.1, CI 1.3-3.5). Further, of high-risk patients (men < or = 55 and women > 55 years) with an Lp(a) in the range of 20-44 mg/dl (third quartile), younger men showed a greater incidence of CAD (51%) than older women (43%). Both genders revealed substantial risk when the Lp(a) values were above 45 mg/dl. (OR = 3.7, CI = 2.0-6.8 in younger men; OR = 3.3, CI = 1.6-6.6 in older women).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this cross sectional study of both men and women, elevated Lp(a) was associated with a significantly increased risk of CAD in men and women. While we corroborate previous reports on the lack of association in older men, the determination of an enhanced Lp(a)-related risk in older women was new and unanticipated. Further, in this population of high risk patients, substantial cardiovascular risk appeared to be represented by higher concentrations of Lp(a) in women than observed in men.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, The Section of Preventive Cardiology and Cardiac Rehabilitation, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, OH 44195, USA.
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Foody
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Milberg
authors.forename: G L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Pearce
authors.forename: D L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Sprecher
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D017270:Lipoprotein(a) / Q000097:blood*; D008875:Middle Aged; D012737:Sex Factors
chemical_list: D017270:Lipoprotein(a)