title: CD44 variant overexpression in gallbladder carcinoma associated with tumor dedifferentiation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Recent studies have suggested a correlation between increased or decreased expression of CD44 variant molecules and tumor metastasis. CD44 expression in gallbladder carcinoma was examined and compared with tumor differentiation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighty-three samples of gallbladder carcinoma, 17 gallbladder adenoma samples, and 66 normal control mucosa samples were stained immunohistochemically for CD44 standard form (CD44s), variant 3 (CD44v3), and variant 6 (CD44v6). RNA extracted from nine patients with carcinoma also was investigated with reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis and Southern blot hybridization (SBH) for the CD44 gene.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Normal gallbladder mucosa showed strong, membranous staining for CD44s but not for CD44v3 or CD44v6. In gallbladder tumors, CD44s was stained as strongly as it was in normal mucosa, but immunoreactivity for CD44v3 and CD44v6 also was significant. In well differentiated, advanced adenocarcinomas (n = 38), CD44s immunoreactivity was significantly lower in the invasive component than in the intramucosal component of the tumors (P = 0.0048). Immunoreactivity for CD44v3 and CD44v6 in moderately and poorly differentiated areas was significantly higher than in well differentiated areas (P < 0.0001 and P = 0.0378, respectively). RT-PCR and SBH signals for CD44v3 and CD44v6, including exons 7 and 10, were strong in carcinoma samples but weak in normal samples, in line with the results of immunohistochemistry. The prognosis of patients with gallbladder carcinoma was not associated significantly with altered expression of CD44s, CD44v3, or CD44v6.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The current study demonstrated that CD44 variant overexpression in patients with gallbladder carcinoma was linked closely with histologic dedifferentiation rather than clinicopathologic factors, including prognosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yanagisawa
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mikami
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mitomi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Saegusa
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Koike
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Okayasu
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D000236:Adenoma / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D005706:Gallbladder Neoplasms / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D018960:Hyaluronan Receptors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
chemical_list: D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm; D018960:Hyaluronan Receptors