title: Biliary strictures complicating pancreaticoduodenectomy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Biliary-enteric anastomotic strictures may complicate pancreaticoduodenectomy. Anastomotic ischaemia and reflux of gastric and enteric contents with secondary bacterobilia and cholangitis may contribute.
  
  
  METHODS
  Four patients (3 females, 1 male) with a mean age of 50 yr (range 26-73 yr) presented 1-12 yr following pancreaticoduodenectomy with features suggestive of biliary-enteric anastomotic stricture formation. These included recurrent cholangitis, obstructive jaundice, and liver abscess. Diagnosis was confirmed by percutaneous or endoscopic cholangiography. Endoscopic and radiological management were unsuccessful, and revision surgery in the form of a Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy was required.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Three patients remain asymptomatic 10-30 mo postoperatively. Jaundice recurred at 15 mo in one patient owing to re-stricture formation and the development of secondary biliary cirrhosis; a liver transplantation is being considered.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Early diagnosis and prompt management of biliary-enteric stricture is essential if secondary biliary cirrhosis is to be avoided. Definitive therapy is best accomplished with a Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy that places the gastric and biliary anastomoses onto separate jejunal limbs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, The Centre for Hepatobiliary Diseases, St. James's University Hospital, Leeds, UK.
authors.forename: B J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Ammori
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Joseph
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Attia
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Lodge
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000713:Anastomosis, Roux-en-Y / Q000379:methods*; D001652:Bile Ducts / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D002758:Cholangiography; D002761:Cholangitis / Q000209:etiology; D002779:Cholestasis / Q000209:etiology; D003251:Constriction, Pathologic / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007583:Jejunum / Q000601:surgery; D008099:Liver / Q000601:surgery; D008100:Liver Abscess / Q000209:etiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016577:Pancreaticoduodenectomy; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D016896:Treatment Outcome