title: Mood and behavioral symptoms in individuals with chronic solvent exposure.
abstract: Psychiatric symptoms have been reported for individuals who experience chronic exposure to low levels of organic solvents. However, it is not known what proportion of such individuals experience psychiatric disorder; which specific disorders may be characteristic of this population; or whether bioaccumulation of lead contributes to the relationship between solvent exposure and psychiatric symptoms. Twenty-nine male journeymen painters and 32 male non-painter control subjects were administered semi-structured diagnostic interviews for DSM-III-R Axis I and Axis II disorders. Career solvent exposure and blood lead levels were also measured. Painters and control subjects did not differ significantly with respect to age, intelligence, or demographic characteristics. Results showed that the probability of being diagnosed with a mood disorder differed significantly in painters (41%) and control subjects (16%). Painters (66%) and control subjects (50%) did not differ for substance use diagnoses. Groups also did not differ for personality disorders involving an onset before 25 years of age. In contrast, painters exhibited a sub-clinical pattern of personality dysfunction involving symptomatology that was measured allowing for late onset (after age 25). Finally, a significant dose-response relationship was observed between career solvent exposure, blood lead level, and personality symptoms. In summary, these data showed an increased rate of psychological disturbance in a significant and substantial number of painters. However, not all painters were so characterized. This overall pattern raises a question regarding a potential role for differential vulnerability, which requires empirical validation.
authors.affiliation: Western Psychiatric Institute & Clinic, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 3811 O'Hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA. condrayr@msx.upmc.edu
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Condray
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Morrow
authors.forename: S R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Steinhauer
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hodgson
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kelley
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002908:Chronic Disease; D006801:Humans; D007854:Lead / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D019964:Mood Disorders / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology*; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects*; D009790:Occupations; D010554:Personality Disorders / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology*; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012997:Solvents / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D012997:Solvents; D007854:Lead