title: Dentin bond strength: influence of laser irradiation, acid etching, and hypermineralization.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of ND:YLF laser irradiation (1.31 J/cm2; 250 mJ per pulse), acid etching, and hypermineralization on the shear bond strength (SBS) of the Scotchbond Multi-Purpose Plus (3M Dental Products) bonding system.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Previous studies had shown that the pretreatment of the dentin substrate with laser irradiation can influence the SBS.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty bovine incisors were selected and stored at -18 degrees C. Dentinal buccal surface was exposed and radiographs were taken to control dentin thickness. The specimens were separated into 2 groups: (1) the control, which was kept in distilled water at 4 degrees C; (2) the hypermineralized, which was kept in hypermineralizing solution at 4 degrees C for 14 days. Each group was divided into 3 subgroups according to the type of dentin pretreatment used: M (acid etching + primer + bond); AL (acid etching + primer + bond + laser); and LA (laser + acid etching + primer + bond). A standard composite resin cylinder (Z100-3M) was bonded to the dentinal surface and the SBS performed on an Instron machine (500 Kg load cell at 0.5 mm/min), followed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and x-ray diffraction analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Analysis of variance (ANOVA) determined that the pretreatments influenced the SBS values (p < 0.05): AL (9.96 MPa), M (7.28 MPa), and LA (4.87 MPa). The interaction between the group and pretreatment factors also influenced the SBS (p < 0.05). The highest values were obtained for the interaction control/AL (11.64 MPa).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results suggested that dentin treatment with laser after the application of the adhesive system is efficient in achieving higher bond strength and is promising as a possible new adhesive substrate.
authors.affiliation: Department of Restorative Dentistry, São José dos Campos School of Dentistry, UNESP, Brazil. srct@tecsat.com.br or damiao@ieav.cta.br
authors.forename: S E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Gonçalves
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: de Araujo
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Damião
mesh_terms: D000134:Acid Etching, Dental / Q000379:methods*; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D003188:Composite Resins; D001840:Dental Bonding / Q000379:methods*; D017220:Dentin-Bonding Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004353:Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; D007180:Incisor; D053685:Laser Therapy; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D019279:Resin Cements; D012822:Silicon Dioxide / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013718:Tensile Strength; D014089:Tooth Remineralization / Q000379:methods*; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction; D015040:Zirconium / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D003188:Composite Resins; D017220:Dentin-Bonding Agents; D019279:Resin Cements; C084018:Scotchbond Multi-Purpose; C083568:Z100 composite resin; D012822:Silicon Dioxide; D015040:Zirconium