title: Sex steroid regulation of glutamate decarboxylase mRNA expression in goldfish brain is sexually dimorphic.
abstract: Testosterone and oestradiol can modulate GABA synthesis in sexually regressed goldfish. Here we investigated their effects on the mRNA expression of two isoforms of the GABA synthesizing enzyme glutamate decarboxylase (GAD(65) and GAD(67), EC 4.1.1.15). Full-length GAD clones were isolated from a goldfish cDNA library and sequenced. Goldfish GAD(65) encodes a polypeptide of 583 amino acid residues, which is 77% identical to human GAD(65). Goldfish GAD(67) encodes a polypeptide of 587 amino acid residues and is 82% identical to human GAD(67). Goldfish GAD(65) and GAD(67) are 63% identical. Sexually regressed male and female goldfish were implanted with solid silastic pellets containing testosterone, oestradiol or no steroid. Semiquantitative PCR analysis showed that oestradiol significantly increased GAD(65) mRNA expression in female hypothalamus and telencephalon, while testosterone resulted in a significant increase only in telencephalon. GAD(67) mRNA levels were not affected by steroids in females. In contrast, both steroids induced significant decreases of GAD(65) and GAD(67) mRNA levels in male hypothalamus, but had no effect on GAD mRNA expression in male telencephalon. Our results indicate that modulation of GAD mRNA expression is a possible mechanism for steroid action on GABA synthesis, which may have opposite effects in males and females.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK.
authors.forename: P T
authors.initials: PT
authors.lastname: Bosma
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Blázquez
authors.forename: E J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Fraser
authors.forename: R W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Schulz
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Docherty
authors.forename: V L
authors.initials: VL
authors.lastname: Trudeau
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism*; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D004343:Drug Implants; D004958:Estradiol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D005968:Glutamate Decarboxylase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D006054:Goldfish; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009928:Organ Specificity; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D012737:Sex Factors; D013739:Testosterone / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism*; D005680:gamma-Aminobutyric Acid / Q000096:biosynthesis
chemical_list: D004343:Drug Implants; D007527:Isoenzymes; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D013739:Testosterone; D004958:Estradiol; D005680:gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; D005968:Glutamate Decarboxylase; C402565:glutamate decarboxylase 1; C401141:glutamate decarboxylase 2