title: Recent developments in microvascular angina.
abstract: Microvascular angina (Syndrome X) is an extremely heterogeneous clinical entity that is the product of genetic, coronary microvascular, metabolic, and clinical factors, which combine together to produce distinct cardiac manifestations and complications. The interactions of these abnormalities remain poorly understood. The diagnosis is considered in patients with anginal symptoms and no epicardial coronary narrowing. Therapy is also problematic, with beta-blockers as first-line pharmacotherapy followed by angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and calcium channel blockers.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Section of Cardiology, Tulane University Medical Center, 1415 Tulane Avenue, HC-19, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA.
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Ali
authors.forename: F W
authors.initials: FW
authors.lastname: Smart
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nguyen
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ventura
mesh_terms: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D017566:Microvascular Angina / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology; D011379:Prognosis; D012307:Risk Factors; D015996:Survival Rate; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers