title: Depressive symptoms in hypothyroid disorder with some observations on biochemical correlates.
abstract: Lumbar punctures and ratings of depressive symptoms were done in hypothyroid patients before and during L-thyroxine therapy. Before treatment, the most prominent symptoms were concentration difficulties, lassitude, and reduced sexual interest. All patients suffered from sleep disturbances. Suicidal thoughts did not occur at all. Inner tension was negatively correlated with the anxiogenic cholecystokinin tetrapeptide (CCK-4) in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), while reduced sexual interest was negatively correlated with CSF tryptophan. Furthermore, failing memory correlated negatively with T3 as well as T4 in serum. A positive correlation was found between failing memory and serum TSH. All patients improved significantly during treatment. No biochemical correlates were found. In conclusion, hypothyroidism is associated with major depressive symptoms. CSF CCK-4 and tryptophan, as well as serum thyroid hormones, may constitute biochemical correlates for some of these symptoms.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroscience and Locomotion, Psychiatric Section, University Hospital, S-581 85 Linköping, Sweden. tove.gunnarsson@lio.se
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Gunnarsson
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sjöberg
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Eriksson
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Nordin
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid; D003863:Depression / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid* / Q000209:etiology*; D006801:Humans; D007037:Hypothyroidism / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000523:psychology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013129:Spinal Puncture; D013758:Tetragastrin / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid*; D013974:Thyroxine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014364:Tryptophan / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D013758:Tetragastrin; D014364:Tryptophan; D013974:Thyroxine