title: In vitro development of resistance to six quinolones in Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus pyogenes, and Staphylococcus aureus.
abstract: Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus pyogenes, and Staphylococcus aureus isolates were exposed to subinhibitory MICs of ciprofloxacin, sparfloxacin, gatifloxacin, moxifloxacin, clinafloxacin, and gemifloxacin during a 10-day period. Subculturing led to resistance development, regardless of the initial potencies of the quinolones. None of the quinolones was associated with a significantly slower rate of resistance development.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Medical Microbiology and Virology, Heinrich-Heine Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Boos
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mayer
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fischer
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Köhrer
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Scheuring
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Heisig
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Verhoef
authors.forename: A C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Fluit
authors.forename: F J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Schmitz
mesh_terms: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004352:Drug Resistance, Microbial / Q000502:physiology; D024841:Fluoroquinolones; D006801:Humans; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000187:drug effects*; D013296:Streptococcus pneumoniae / Q000187:drug effects*; D013297:Streptococcus pyogenes / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D024841:Fluoroquinolones