Late autologous transplantation in chronic myelogenous leukemia with peripheral blood progenitor cells mobilized by G-CSF and interferon-alpha.
In chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), autologous stem cell transplantation could be a promising new approach for patients with no cytogenetic response after interferon alpha (IFN-alpha) therapy. We report data on 28 CML patients autotransplanted in chronic phase with peripheral blood progenitor cells mobilized with G-CSF (5 microg/kg/day x 5 days) given subcutaneously while continuing IFN-alpha therapy. At mobilization, 23 patients (82%) were in complete hematological remission (CHR), 16 (57%) achieved a minor cytogenetic response (mcr). We obtained, after stimulation, a median of 37.4 x 10(9)/l (6.9-108) white blood cells, 7.2 x 10(8)/kg (2.2-16.6) mononuclear cells, 39 x 10(4)/kg (4.8-403.5) CFU-GM and 4.2 x 10(6)/kg (0-58.6) CD34+ cells. Six patients received GM-CSF after transplantation. All patients engrafted, with no significant influence stemming from the Sokal index score and pretransplantation IFN-alpha therapy duration. The first cytogenetic evaluation after transplantation showed 11 (39%) major cytogenetic response (Mcr), and nine (32%) mcr with no significant correlation between these responses, the Sokal index score, and pretransplantation IFN-alpha therapy duration, although there was a significant impact from GM-CSF administration (P=0.01). After transplantation, 26 patients received IFN-alpha alone or associated with hydroxyurea. The median follow-up was 12 months after transplantation and 57 months after diagnosis. At the time of follow-up, nine patients were in CHR, six remained stable in chronic phase, three presented an mcr and one remained in Mcr. At the last follow-up, 22 patients were alive. We conclude that the results of this strategy are encouraging in poor IFN-alpha responders but that other prospective studies that try to maintain the cytogenetic responses obtained immediately after transplantation are needed.
Michallet
M
M
Service d'Hématologie, H pital Edouard Herriot, Lyon, France.
Thiébaut
A
A
Philip
I
I
Charrin
C
C
Vigouroux
C
C
Thomas
X
X
Bilger
K
K
Belhabri
A
A
Guyotat
D
D
Corront
B
B
Salles
B
B
Dumontet
C
C
Péaud
P Y
PY
Vilque
J P
JP
Devidas
A
A
Fière
D
D
D000328:Adult; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000008:administration & dosage; D002066:Busulfan / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005260:Female; D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D019650:Hematopoietic Stem Cell Mobilization; D018380:Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation; D006801:Humans; D016898:Interferon-alpha / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D015464:Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D008558:Melphalan / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008875:Middle Aged; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000166:cytology; D019172:Transplantation Conditioning
D016898:Interferon-alpha; D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor; D002066:Busulfan; D008558:Melphalan