title: Solar ultraviolet-induced erythema in human skin and nuclear factor-kappa-B-dependent gene expression in keratinocytes are modulated by a French maritime pine bark extract.
abstract: The procyanidin-rich French maritime pine bark extract Pycnogenol (PBE) has been investigated for its effect in protecting human skin against solar UV-simulated light-induced erythema. Twenty-one volunteers were given an oral supplementation of Pycnogenol: 1.10 mg/kg body weight (b. wt.)/d for the first 4 weeks and 1.66 mg/kg b. wt./d for the next 4 weeks. The minimal erythema dose (MED) was measured twice before supplementation (baseline MED), once after the first 4 weeks of supplementation, and a last time at the end of the study. The UVR dose necessary to achieve 1 MED was significantly increased during PBE supplementation. Since the activation of the pro-inflammatory and redox-regulated transcription factor NF-kappaB is thought to play a major role in UVR-induced erythema, the effect of PBE was also investigated in the human keratinocyte cell line HaCaT. PBE, added to the cell culture medium, inhibited UVR-induced NF-kappaB-dependent gene expression in a concentration-dependent manner. However, NF-kappaB-DNA-binding activity was not prevented, suggesting that PBE affects the transactivation capacity of NF-kappaB. These data indicate that oral supplementation of PBE reduces erythema in the skin. Inhibition of NF-kappaB-dependent gene expression by PBE possibly contributes to the observed increase in MED.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Saliou
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Rimbach
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Moini
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: McLaughlin
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hosseini
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: R R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Watson
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Packer
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002460:Cell Line; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D004247:DNA / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D004307:Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation; D004890:Erythema / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017930:Genes, Reporter; D006801:Humans; D015603:Keratinocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000528:radiation effects*; D008297:Male; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011485:Protein Binding / Q000187:drug effects; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D012867:Skin / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000528:radiation effects; D015533:Transcriptional Activation / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000528:radiation effects; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D005419:Flavonoids; D016328:NF-kappa B; D010936:Plant Extracts; C024070:pycnogenols; D004247:DNA