title: Pathobiochemical mechanisms involved in the control of the disease caused by Trypanosoma congolense in African grey duiker (Sylvicapra grimmia).
abstract: The course of Trypanosoma congolense infections in African grey duiker (Sylvicapra grimmia) and sheep and goats were studied. Several parameters suggested that the grey duiker was much more resistant to trypanosomosis than sheep and goats. They showed increases in weight during infection, had a much longer pre-patent period, and their peak parasitaemia levels were about 100-fold lower than those of sheep and goats. Parasites were no longer detected in grey duiker blood 35 days after infection. Anaemia, measured as drops in packed cell volume (PCV), haemoglobin (Hb) concentration and erythrocyte (RBC) counts were not observed in the grey duiker. In contrast, sheep and goats suffered severe weight losses and had continuously high parasitaemia levels. Sheep and goats developed progressively severe normocytic normochromic anaemia and leucopenia from day 14 post-infection onwards. Serum levels of total protein, globulin and albumin of grey duiker did not change significantly throughout the course of infection, while the levels of total serum protein, globulin and gamma-globulin exhibited significant increases from day 21 post-infection onwards in sheep and goats, with peak values recorded on 28 and 35 days post-infection in sheep and goats, respectively. There were inconsistent variations in albumin levels in sheep and goats throughout the course of infection. There were no significant changes in erythrocyte activities of AST and ALT, while there were transient but significant elevations of ALP level on day 35, and GGT levels between 14 and 35 days post-infection in grey duiker. Conversely, the levels of all the enzymes were progressively depressed, especially from 14 to 49 days post-infection. In vitro erythrocyte peroxidation remained relatively unchanged throughout the period of the experiment in the grey duiker, except for slight but significant increase on day 42 post-infection. However, in vitro erythrocyte peroxidation increased significantly by between 100 and 300% of pre-infection levels from 14th to 42nd day p.i. both in sheep and goats, before returning to pre-infection levels after 14 days of treatment. Haematological values, serum and erythrocyte indices studied returned to near pre-infection levels 14 days after treatment with Berenil((R)). It is concluded that the grey duiker is inherently trypanotolerant. This is shown by its ability to control parasitaemia, suffer less severe anaemia, and to a relative degree resist pathobiochemical derangements of some serum and erythrocyte metabolites and enzymes, as well as reduction of infection-induced erythrocyte lipid peroxidase damage than sheep and goats.
authors.affiliation: Department of Wildlife and Fisheries Management, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria. vot@intapserve.com
authors.forename: A O
authors.initials: AO
authors.lastname: Ogunsanmi
authors.forename: V O
authors.initials: VO
authors.lastname: Taiwo
mesh_terms: D000410:Alanine Transaminase / Q000097:blood; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000097:blood; D000818:Animals; D000866:Antelopes / Q000469:parasitology* / Q000502:physiology; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases / Q000097:blood; D004906:Erythrocyte Count / Q000662:veterinary; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000469:parasitology; D005260:Female; D015511:Goat Diseases / Q000469:parasitology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D006041:Goats; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D018512:Parasitemia / Q000662:veterinary; D012756:Sheep; D012757:Sheep Diseases / Q000469:parasitology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances / Q000378:metabolism; D014348:Trypanosoma congolense / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D014353:Trypanosomiasis, African / Q000097:blood / Q000473:pathology / Q000662:veterinary*; D005719:gamma-Globulins / Q000032:analysis; D005723:gamma-Glutamyltransferase / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D006454:Hemoglobins; D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances; D005719:gamma-Globulins; D005723:gamma-Glutamyltransferase; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases; D000410:Alanine Transaminase; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase