title: Ex vivo low-density lipoprotein oxidizability and in vivo lipid peroxidation in patients on CAPD.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Chronic renal failure is associated with accelerated atherosclerosis and a high incidence of cardiovascular disease. Oxidative modification of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) is considered a key event in atherogenesis.
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied the ex vivo oxidizability of LDL exposed to Cu2+ ions (lag time, rate of propagation, maximum conjugated diene formation) and its relationship with LDL density, fatty acids, and antioxidants, along with plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) and autoantibodies against Cu2+-, MDA-, and hypochlorous acid-modified LDL and plasma antioxidants in 17 continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) patients and 21 healthy control subjects.
  
  
  RESULTS
  LDL alpha- and gamma-tocopherol and total polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) concentrations were significantly higher in the CAPD patients. LDL density was shifted to small, dense LDL. LDL oxidizability was comparable to that of healthy subjects. Lag time correlated positively with LDL alpha-tocopherol and inversely with both total PUFA concentrations and density; the rate of oxidation and LDL density correlated positively with total PUFA and total fatty acid concentrations, respectively. Ratios of autoantibody titers against oxidized to native LDL did not differ between the two groups. While plasma alpha- and gamma-tocopherol concentrations and tocopherol to cholesterol ratios were significantly higher, vitamin C concentrations were very low in the CAPD patients. MDA concentrations were 1.7 times higher than in healthy subjects.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  (1) Ex vivo LDL oxidizability is normal in CAPD patients as a result of efficient protection by LDL-associated lipophilic antioxidants, although the LDL composition is altered toward high oxidizability; and (2) the plasma antioxidant screen is insufficient due to impaired vitamin C status.
authors.affiliation: Division of Clinical Nephrology and Hemodialysis, Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Molecular Biology, Biochemistry, and Microbiology, Karl-Franzens University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Roob
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Rabold
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hayn
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Khoschsorur
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Resch
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Holzer
authors.forename: B M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Winklhofer-Roob
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism; D001323:Autoantibodies / Q000097:blood; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000097:blood; D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000097:blood / Q000628:therapy; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL / Q000097:blood* / Q000276:immunology; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000097:blood; D008875:Middle Aged; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D010531:Peritoneal Dialysis, Continuous Ambulatory / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D001323:Autoantibodies; D005227:Fatty Acids; D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL; C099252:oxidized low density lipoprotein; D008315:Malondialdehyde