title: Pharmacokinetics of pilocarpine in subjects with varying degrees of renal function.
abstract: Data from three separate single-center studies were combined to assess the pharmacokinetics of orally administered pilocarpine. Pilocarpine concentration-time data were used to generate a data set including 42 subjects (34 males, 8 females) with varying degrees of renal function (average of two estimated creatinine clearance rates of 10 to 112 mL/min). Age ranged from 19 to 88 years. Subjects received single oral doses (range: 2.5-20 mg) of pilocarpine. Plasma samples were collected at time 0; at 20 and 40 minutes; and at 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 16, and 24 hours following dose administration. Cmax and AUC were normalized to a 5 mg exposure in those subjects who received doses other than 5 mg. Plasma pilocarpine concentrations were determined by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. The pharmacokinetic parameters (elimination rate constant, Cmax, tmax, AUC, Vd/F, and Cl/F) in subjects with impaired renal function were similar to results found in other pharmacokinetic studies involving normal healthy volunteers with only Cmax being significantly higher (p < 0.05). No significant regression relationships were noted between creatinine clearance and pilocarpine elimination rate constant, tmax, Vd/F, Cl/F, or AUC. Pilocarpine clearance does not appear to be impaired in patients with varying degrees of renal insufficiency.
authors.affiliation: Division on Endocrinology, Metabolism and Nutrition, Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55415-1829, USA.
authors.forename: J V
authors.initials: JV
authors.lastname: St Peter
authors.forename: L J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Lambrecht
authors.forename: B W
authors.initials: BW
authors.lastname: Gunderson
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Andersen
authors.forename: S C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Gallagher
authors.forename: S K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Swan
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology; D007677:Kidney Function Tests; D008297:Male; D008657:Metabolic Clearance Rate; D008875:Middle Aged; D018727:Muscarinic Antagonists / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D010862:Pilocarpine / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*
chemical_list: D018727:Muscarinic Antagonists; D010862:Pilocarpine