title: Incidence and surgical repair rates of hypospadias in New York state.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the trend of hypospadias incidence in New York State (NYS) by retrospectively evaluating both the incidence and surgical repair rates of hypospadias. Epidemiologic studies in the United States and Europe have suggested an observable trend in the incidence of hypospadias during the past 30 years. A comparison of the results from these studies, however, revealed inconsistent trends.
  
  
  METHODS
  The incidence and surgical repair rates of hypospadias between 1983 and 1995 were extracted from the Congenital Malformations Registry and State Wide Planning Research Cooperative System of NYS. Pearson's correlation coefficient was used to determine the direction and magnitude of change.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Neither the incidence nor the repair rates of hypospadias in NYS between 1983 and 1995 changed significantly during the course of these 12 years (r = -0.225, P = 0.45 and r = -0.010, P = 0.92, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results demonstrated no statistically observable trend in either the incidence or surgical repair rates of hypospadias in NYS between 1983 and 1995.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Babies and Children's Hospital, Center for Reproductive Health, Columbia-Presbyterian Medical Center, New York, New York, USA.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: K L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Cooper
authors.forename: T W
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Hensle
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Fisch
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D007021:Hypospadias / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000601:surgery; D015994:Incidence; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D009518:New York / Q000453:epidemiology; D012042:Registries / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012189:Retrospective Studies