[Insulators and interaction between long-distance regulatory elements in higher eukaryotes].
Enhancers can activate a promoter located as far as several hundred kilobases away, which is specific for transcription regulation in higher eukaryotes. Notwithstanding the vast information accumulated on transcription regulation at various levels, the mechanism of long-distance enhancer-promoter interactions is still obscure. Modern views of insulators as elements modulating enhancer-promoter interactions are reviewed.
Georgiev
P G
PG
Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117334 Russia.
Murav'eva
E E
EE
Golovnin
A K
AK
Gracheva
E M
EM
Belen'kaia
T Iu
TIu
D004742:Enhancer Elements, Genetic; D005057:Eukaryotic Cells; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D014158:Transcription, Genetic