title: Cardiovascular disease, interleukin-6, and risk of mortality in older women: the women's health and aging study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Systemic chronic inflammation has been found to be related to all-cause mortality risk in older persons. We investigated whether specific chronic conditions, particularly cardiovascular disease (CVD), affect the association between high interleukin (IL)-6 level and mortality in a sample of disabled older women.
  
  
  RESULTS
  IL-6 serum level was measured at baseline in 620 women >/=65 years old. The presence and severity of medical conditions was ascertained by standard criteria that used multiple sources of information. The sample was surveyed over the 3-year follow-up. After adjustment for potential confounders, compared with those in the lowest tertile, women in the highest IL-6 tertile were at higher risk of all-cause mortality. The presence of CVD, however, strongly affected the risk of mortality associated with high IL-6. Among women with prevalent CVD, those with high IL-6 levels had >4-fold risk of death (RR 4.6; 95% CI 2.0 to 10.5) compared with women in the lowest tertile, whereas the relative risk associated with high IL-6 among those without CVD was much lower and not significant (RR 1.8; 95% CI 0.7 to 4.2). Adjustment for all chronic diseases and disease severity measures, including ankle-brachial index, forced expiratory volume, and exercise tolerance, did not change the results.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  IL-6 level is helpful in identifying a subgroup of older CVD patients with high risk of death over a period of 3 years. Systemic inflammation, as measured by IL-6, may be related to the clinical evolution of older patients with CVD.
authors.affiliation: Epidemiology, Demography, and Biometry Program, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, Md, USA. volpatos@nia.nih.gov
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Volpato
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Guralnik
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ferrucci
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Balfour
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Chaves
authors.forename: L P
authors.initials: LP
authors.lastname: Fried
authors.forename: T B
authors.initials: TB
authors.lastname: Harris
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000375:Aging; D015142:Baltimore / Q000453:epidemiology; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000097:blood* / Q000401:mortality*; D002908:Chronic Disease; D015897:Comorbidity; D003710:Demography; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000097:blood; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood*; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012306:Risk; D018570:Risk Assessment
chemical_list: D015850:Interleukin-6