title: Intrathecal administration of 4-aminopyridine in chronic spinal injured patients.
abstract: METHODS
  Intrathecal administration of 4-aminopyridine (4-AP) in chronic spinal cord injured (SCI) patients.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine the safety and effects of intrathecal administration of 4-AP in a small population of chronic SCI patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  The post anesthesia care unit of a tertiary care hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Following animal mode studies to establish dosing safety, six subjects with chronic SCI were examined. In each subject, an intrathecal catheter was placed with the tip as close to the lesion level as possible. 4-AP was infused at 5 microg/h for a period of 4-5 h. Vital signs were recorded and sensory-motor physical examinations and pain questionnaires were administered for 24 h. In two patients, samples of cerebrospinal fluid for analysis were drawn from a second intrathecal catheter.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No adverse systemic side effects were noted. One patient showed transient improvement in sensory function; two showed transient increases in spasticity; three showed transient increases in cutaneomuscular reflexes and two showed an apparent small increase in volitional motor control. The concentration of 4-aminopyridine in the cerebrospinal fluid reached a peak of 163 ng/ml at 4 h in one subject and 122 ng/ml at 5 h in the other subject examined.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Intrathecal administration of 4-aminopyridine at a rate of 5 microg/h does not appear to cause adverse effects and may modify spinal cord function. This route of administration allows local cerebrospinal fluid concentrations equivalent to those produced by maximum tolerable systemic doses, which require 1000 times more drug substance to be delivered to the subject as a whole. Intrathecal administration offers the potential to focus therapeutic effects to the lesion site while minimizing systemic side effects.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Halter
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Blight
authors.forename: W H
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Donovan
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Calvillo
mesh_terms: D015761:4-Aminopyridine / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002908:Chronic Disease; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007278:Injections, Spinal; D007431:Intraoperative Complications; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D026902:Potassium Channel Blockers; D013119:Spinal Cord Injuries / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology
chemical_list: D026902:Potassium Channel Blockers; D015761:4-Aminopyridine