title: Cyclin D1, retinoblastoma, p53, and Her2/neu protein expression in preinvasive breast pathologies: correlation with vascularity.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Preinvasive breast pathologies show a degree of vascularization that correlates with risk of invasion. Recently, numerous oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes have been shown to regulate neovascularization. Therefore, we examined archival tissues of preinvasive breast pathologies by immunohistochemistry for alterations in the expression of four proteins, cyclin D1, retinoblastoma (Rb), p53, and Her2/neu, known to be important in breast tumorgenesis, and correlated these data with tissue vascularity.
  
  
  METHODS
  Vascularity was determined by immunologic detection of von Willebrand factor. For carcinoma in situ (CIS) both stromal vascularity (MVD) and vascular cuffing (MCD) were determined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found that cyclin D1 expression was increased in usual hyperplasia (11% of cases). Atypical hyperplasia, noncomedo CIS and comedo CIS were positive in 43, 49, and 57% of cases, respectively. Changes in Rb and p53 were rare in hyperplasia but occurred in 8 and 10% of CIS, respectively. Her2/neu protein was identified rarely in atypical hyperplasia and in both noncomedo and comedo ductal CIS. Neither Rb nor Her2/neu expression correlated with vascularity. p53 immunoreactivity correlated positively with both MCD and MVD. Cyclin D1 was negatively associated with MVD.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data suggest that p53 and cyclin D1 proteins may regulate the microvessel density of preinvasive breast pathologies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati, P.O. Box 670529, Cincinnati, OH 45267-0529, USA. Sue.heffelfinger@uc.edu
authors.forename: S C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Heffelfinger
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Yassin
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: E E
authors.initials: EE
authors.lastname: Lower
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000098:blood supply / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D002278:Carcinoma in Situ / Q000098:blood supply / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D019938:Cyclin D1 / Q000378:metabolism*; D018450:Disease Progression; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006965:Hyperplasia / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008833:Microcirculation; D008875:Middle Aged; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness / Q000473:pathology; D011230:Precancerous Conditions / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D018719:Erb-b2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D016160:Retinoblastoma Protein / Q000378:metabolism*; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D019938:Cyclin D1; D018719:Erb-b2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinases; D016160:Retinoblastoma Protein; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53