title: Intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) following prostatectomy: more favorable acute genitourinary toxicity profile compared to primary IMRT for prostate cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To report our initial experience on postprostatectomy IMRT (PPI), addressing acute genitourinary (GU) toxicity in comparison to primary IMRT (PI) for prostate cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  From April 1998 to December 1999, 40 postprostatectomy patients were treated with intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) to a median prescribed dose of 64 Gy (mean dose of 69 Gy). The Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) scoring system was used to assess acute GU toxicity. Target volume and maximum and mean doses were evaluated. The mean doses to the bladder and irradiated bladder volume receiving >65 Gy were assessed. These were compared to those of 125 patients treated with PI to a prescribed dose of 70 Gy (mean dose of 76 Gy).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The acute GU toxicity profile is more favorable in the PPI group with 82.5% of Grade 0-1 and 17.5% of Grade 2 toxicity compared to 59.2% and 40.8%, respectively, in the PI group (p < 0.001). There was no Grade 3 or higher toxicity in either group. The target volume was larger in the PPI group, while the maximum and mean doses to the target were higher in the PI group. The mean dose delivered to the bladder was higher in the PPI group. The irradiated bladder volume receiving >65 Gy was significantly larger in the PI group (p < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PPI can be delivered with acceptable ute GU toxicity. The larger PPI target volume may be related to the difficulty in delineating prostatic fossa. Despite a larger target volume and a higher mean dose to the bladder, PPI produced a more favorable acute GU toxicity profile. This may be related to a combination of lower mean and maximum doses and smaller bladder volumes receiving >65 Gy in the PPI group, as well as urethral rather than bladder irradiation. The findings have implications in the evaluation of IMRT treatment plan for prostate cancer, whereby the irradiated bladder volumes above 65 Gy may be more meaningful than the mean dose to the bladder. Longer term toxicity results are awaited.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology/Radiation Oncology, Baylor College of Medicine and The Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA. bteh@bcm.tmc.edu
authors.forename: B S
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Teh
authors.forename: W Y
authors.initials: WY
authors.lastname: Mai
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Augspurger
authors.forename: B M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Uhl
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: McGary
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.forename: W H
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Grant
authors.forename: H H
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: S Y
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Woo
authors.forename: L S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Carpenter
authors.forename: J K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Chiu
authors.forename: E B
authors.initials: EB
authors.lastname: Butler
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011187:Posture; D011468:Prostatectomy; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000532:radiotherapy* / Q000601:surgery*; D011874:Radiometry; D011879:Radiotherapy Dosage; D018714:Radiotherapy, Adjuvant; D020266:Radiotherapy, Conformal / Q000379:methods*; D012007:Rectum / Q000528:radiation effects; D016879:Salvage Therapy; D013997:Time Factors; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000528:radiation effects*