title: [Climacteric--medicalization, minimalization or normalization?].
abstract: Women's experiences and ideas about the climacteric are not in accord with the biomedical model, in which the climacteric and the menopause are characterized as being a risk factor for various diseases and a cause of "estrogen deficiency", a hormonal disease which is assumed to persist during the rest of life. The biomedical model may lead to medicalization and pathologizing, increasing the subordination of women and making them dependent on the health care system. Women who use hormonal therapy during the climacteric have many characteristics differentiating them from women who do not use such therapy. Thus, epidemiological studies will be difficult to interpret with respect to the long term effects of hormonal therapy. It is argued that the consultation for women of middle-age should be characterized by a holistic view of the woman taking account of her gender identity, life conditions and life situation. Such a view should focus on the woman's own ideas as to diagnostic procedures, treatment and solutions. In view of the lack of knowledge about the pros and cons of hormonal therapy, women themselves should make the decision, and such decisions should be encouraged. Also, the efforts directed towards women's compliance to hormonal therapy can be questioned. Women's climacteric symptoms should neither be medicalized, pathologized or minimized.
authors.affiliation: Samhällsmedicinska institutionen, Lunds universitet, Malmö. Birgitta.Hovelius@smi.mas.lu.se
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hovelius
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ekström
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Esseveld
authors.forename: B M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Landgren
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Vinge
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D001294:Attitude to Health; D002979:Climacteric; D015914:Estrogen Replacement Therapy; D005260:Female; D005783:Gender Identity; D006694:Holistic Health; D006801:Humans; D008593:Menopause; D008875:Middle Aged; D008954:Models, Biological; D010358:Patient Participation; D011788:Quality of Life; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D016387:Women's Health