title: Anti-inflammatory and lung function effects of montelukast in asthmatic volunteers exposed to sulfur dioxide.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Sulfur dioxide (SO(2)) gas may induce acute asthmatic responses when inhaled by individuals in the setting of community or occupational air pollution during exercise. Some asthma medications mitigate the SO(2) response, which is not fully understood but appears to involve multiple mechanisms.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We tested the hypothesis that pretreatment with the cysteinyl-leukotriene inhibitor montelukast sodium protects against the inflammatory and bronchoconstrictive effects of SO(2) in the airways of asthmatic subjects.
  
  
  METHODS
  Asthmatic volunteers (enrolled, 12 subjects; completed study, 11 subjects) were exposed to 0.75 ppm SO(2) for 10-min periods during exercise (mean ventilation, 35 L/min) and were exposed similarly to filtered air (control condition) after double-blinded pretreatments with montelukast (10 mg/d for 3 days) and placebo.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After montelukast pretreatment, specific airways resistance, FEV(1), symptoms, and eosinophil counts in induced sputum showed statistically and clinically significant improvements in preexposure measurements and/or decreased responses to SO(2) exposure or exercise. The mean FEV(1) immediately after exposure was 95% of baseline FEV(1) with montelukast pretreatment vs 82% with placebo.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Montelukast significantly protects against airways eosinophilic inflammation and bronchoconstriction from SO(2) exposure during exercise. This implies a role for leukotrienes in SO(2)-induced lung effects.
authors.affiliation: Environmental Health Service, Rancho Los Amigos, National Rehabilitation Center, Downey, CA 90242, USA. hgong@dhs.co.la.ca.us
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Gong
authors.forename: W S
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Linn
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Terrell
authors.forename: K R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.forename: K W
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Clark
mesh_terms: D000085:Acetates / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000328:Adult; D001249:Asthma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003521:Cyclopropanes; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004804:Eosinophils; D005260:Female; D005541:Forced Expiratory Volume; D006801:Humans; D007958:Leukocyte Count; D020024:Leukotriene Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008168:Lung / Q000187:drug effects*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011804:Quinolines / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013183:Sputum / Q000166:cytology; D013440:Sulfides; D013458:Sulfur Dioxide / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000085:Acetates; D003521:Cyclopropanes; D020024:Leukotriene Antagonists; D011804:Quinolines; D013440:Sulfides; D013458:Sulfur Dioxide; C093875:montelukast