title: Monitoring of intrathecal oxygen tension during experimental aortic occlusion predicts ultrastructural changes in the spinal cord.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the correlation between intrathecal PO2 and ultrastructural changes in the spinal cord during thoracic aortic occlusion in pigs.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 18 pigs, online intrathecal oxygenation was monitored by a multiparameter Paratrend catheter (Biomedical Sensors, High Wycombe, United Kingdom) during 60 minutes' clamping of the proximal and distal descending thoracic aorta. The animals were randomly divided into 2 groups (A and B) depending on the level of distal aortic clamping. Distal aortic perfusion was restored through an aorto-iliac shunt, which also maintained low thoracic segmental perfusion of the spinal cord in group B. Perfusion-fixation technique was used before harvesting the spinal cord specimens, which later were evaluated with light and electron microscopy by an independent observer. Intrathecal parameters were interpreted as normal if PO2 was more than 0.8 kPa and PCO2 was less than 12 kPa, as intermediate ischemia if PO2 was 0.8 or less or PCO (2) was more than 12 kPa, and as absolute ischemia if PO2 was 0.8 or less and PCO2 was more than 12 kPa.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among 6 animals with ultrastructural changes of absolute spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury, 5 also had absolute ischemia according to variables derived by the Paratrend catheter. The 2 methods were in agreement in 3 of 5 animals with intermediate ischemia-reperfusion changes and in 5 of 6 animals with normal findings. The accuracy of cerebrospinal fluid PO2 and PCO2 to predict electron microscopy-verified intermediate or absolute ischemia-reperfusion injury was 94%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Monitoring of intrathecal PO2 after clamping of the descending aorta correlated with ultrastructural changes in the spinal cord in this pig model.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University Hospital, Uppsala University, Uppsala, SE-751 85, Sweden.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hellberg
authors.forename: A T
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Ulus
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Christiansson
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Westman
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Leppänen
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bergqvist
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Karacagil
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid; D003250:Constriction; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D008854:Microscopy, Electron; D010092:Oximetry / Q000379:methods; D010100:Oxygen / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid*; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013116:Spinal Cord / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D013552:Swine
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D010100:Oxygen