title: The MuDR transposon terminal inverted repeat contains a complex plant promoter directing distinct somatic and germinal programs.
abstract: The Mu transposons of maize are under stringent developmental control. Elements excise at high frequencies in terminally dividing somatic cells, but not in meristems. Mu elements in germinal cells amplify, without excision, and insert throughout the genome. All activities require MuDR, which encodes two genes, mudrA and mudrB, whose near-identical promoters are located in the transposon terminal inverted repeats (TIR). We have fused the 216 bp TIR of the mudrB gene to GUS and luciferase reporters. We demonstrate that TIRB programs reporter expression in diverse, meristematic somatic cells, paradoxically in those cells in which Mu excisions are repressed. In germinal cells, immature tassel and mature pollen, reporter expression increases up to 20-fold compared to leaf. By RNA blot hybridization, we demonstrate that endogenous mudrB and mudrA transcripts increase significantly in mature pollen; sequence comparisons demonstrate that the MuDR TIRs contain plant cell-cycle enhancer motifs and functionally defined pollen enhancers. Therefore, the MuDR TIR promoters are developmentally regulated in both somatic and germinal tissues. Because database sequence analysis suggests that the MuDR TIR enhancers should be functional in both monocots and dicots, we suggest that the native MuDR promoter be used in attempts to transfer the unique behavior of Mu transposition to heterologous hosts.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-5020, USA.
authors.forename: M N
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Raizada
authors.forename: M I
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Benito
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Walbot
mesh_terms: D001483:Base Sequence; D004251:DNA Transposable Elements; D004742:Enhancer Elements, Genetic; D017930:Genes, Reporter; D005966:Glucuronidase / Q000235:genetics; D008156:Luciferases / Q000235:genetics; D018519:Meristem / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D030821:Plants, Genetically Modified; D011058:Pollen / Q000502:physiology; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D012639:Seeds / Q000502:physiology; D020079:Terminal Repeat Sequences; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D003313:Zea mays / Q000235:genetics* / Q000254:growth & development
chemical_list: D004251:DNA Transposable Elements; D008156:Luciferases; D005966:Glucuronidase