title: Readmission to the intensive care unit after liver transplantation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We undertook this study to understand the factors at our transplant center that contribute to patients' return to the ICU after their liver transplant and their initial discharge from that unit. Patients who, after liver transplantation, fail discharge from the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) and must be readmitted to that unit may well utilize many more resources than those patients who are well enough to stay out of the ICU.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective review of a prospectively maintained liver transplant research database followed by a retrospective review of (a subgroup) patient charts and contemporaneous controls.
  
  
  METHODS
  A large metropolitan tertiary care center and adult liver transplant center.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 1,197 consecutive adult patients who underwent their initial liver transplantation from 1984 to 1996.
  
  
  METHODS
  Readmission to the intensive care unit after adult liver transplantation and discharge from that unit.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Only recipient age, pretransplant synthetic function labs (protime and albumin), bilirubin levels, and intraoperative blood product requirements could be statistically linked to the group requiring ICU readmission. The primary etiology for ICU readmission was cardiopulmonary deterioration. Readmission was associated with significantly lower patient and graft survivals. A detailed review of 23 patients transplanted from October 1994 to June 1996 was made, with special emphasis on cardiopulmonary status (hemodynamics, respiratory variables, and chest radiograph findings). This subgroup was compared with 30 temporally matched controls who were not readmitted to the ICU. Intravascular fluid overload and lower inspiratory capacity were significant factors related to ICU readmission. Readmitted patients had a longer hospitalization with higher hospital charges than the control group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We conclude that the most important means of preventing ICU readmission in liver transplantation patients is to optimize cardiopulmonary function and status. Close monitoring of fluid balance to avoid hypervolemia is essential. Readmitted patients have a greater resource utilization and have lower survival rates.
authors.affiliation: Department of Transplant Services, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75246-2096, USA. mf.levy@baylordallas.edu
authors.forename: M F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Levy
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Greene
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Ramsay
authors.forename: L W
authors.initials: LW
authors.lastname: Jennings
authors.forename: K J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Ramsay
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Meng
authors.forename: H A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Hein
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Goldstein
authors.forename: B S
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Husberg
authors.forename: T A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Gonwa
authors.forename: G B
authors.initials: GB
authors.lastname: Klintmalm
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006439:Hemodynamics; D017722:Hospital Charges; D006801:Humans; D007362:Intensive Care Units / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D007902:Length of Stay; D016013:Likelihood Functions; D016031:Liver Transplantation / Q000191:economics; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010359:Patient Readmission / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D015656:Respiratory Mechanics; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D013781:Texas; D014600:Utilization Review