Clinical implications of glucocorticoid metabolism by 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases in target tissues.
11beta-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases (11beta-HSD) are microsomal enzymes that catalyze the conversion of active glucocorticoids (GC) to their inactive 11-dehydro products and vice versa. Two isoenzymes of 11beta-HSD have been characterized and cloned in human tissues. The tissue-specific metabolism of GC by these enzymes is important for mineralocorticoid (MC) and GC receptor occupancy and seems to play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of diseases such as apparent MC excess syndrome, and may play roles in hypertension, obesity and impaired hepatic glucose homeostasis. This article reviews the literature and examines the role and importance of 11beta-HSD in humans.
Quinkler
M
M
Department of Endocrinology, Klinikum Benjamin Franklin, Freie Universität Berlin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12200 Berlin, Germany.
Oelkers
W
W
Diederich
S
S
D042842:11-beta-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases; D000182:ACTH Syndrome, Ectopic / Q000201:enzymology; D000818:Animals; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000201:enzymology; D005260:Female; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D006913:Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases / Q000378:metabolism*; D006973:Hypertension / Q000201:enzymology; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000378:metabolism; D009765:Obesity / Q000201:enzymology; D011225:Pre-Eclampsia / Q000201:enzymology; D011247:Pregnancy; D014018:Tissue Distribution
D005938:Glucocorticoids; D007527:Isoenzymes; D006913:Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases; D042842:11-beta-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases