title: Salivary cortisol patterns in vital exhaustion.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The syndrome of vital exhaustion (VE), a risk indicator for myocardial infarction, is characterized by excessive fatigue, irritability, and demoralization. Dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) axis is a potential pathogenic mechanism in fatigue syndromes, but little is known about HPA function in syndromal VE.
  
  
  METHODS
  We assessed basal free cortisol levels and responses to a speech task and to morning awakening by collecting multiple saliva samples over 2 days from 29 VE men and 30 controls.
  
  
  RESULTS
  VE subjects reported higher perceived stress, poorer sleep, and greater fatigue than controls. Basal cortisol levels were lower in VE subjects, especially in the evening, and were negatively associated with fatigue. Overall cortisol responses to the speech task were similar in VE and control groups, although VE subjects were less likely to show large (> or =2.76 nmol/l) responses. The cortisol response to awakening was associated with concurrent fatigue and poor sleep quality.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings suggest a subtle HPA hypoactivity in VE, which may arise through chronic stress and associated sleep disturbances.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology - PAR 45, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands. n.nicolson@sp.unimaas.nl
authors.forename: N A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Nicolson
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: van Diest
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002940:Circadian Rhythm; D005221:Fatigue / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism*; D007030:Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011863:Radioimmunoassay; D012463:Saliva / Q000737:chemistry*; D012893:Sleep Wake Disorders / Q000209:etiology; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000150:complications; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D006854:Hydrocortisone