title: Failure of a continuous quality improvement intervention to increase the delivery of preventive services. A randomized trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although there has been enormous interest in continuous quality improvement (CQI) as a measure to improve health care, this enthusiasm is based largely on its apparent success in business rather than formal evaluations in health care.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether a managed care organization can increase delivery of eight clinical preventive services by using CQI.
  
  
  METHODS
  Primary care clinics were randomly assigned to improve delivery of preventive services with CQI (intervention group) or to provide usual care (control group).
  
  
  METHODS
  Through leadership support, training, consulting, and networking, each intervention clinic was assisted to use CQI multidisciplinary teams to develop and implement systems for delivery of preventive services.
  
  
  METHODS
  44 primary care clinics in greater Minneapolis-St. Paul.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients 19 years of age and older completed surveys at baseline (n = 6830) and at follow-up (n = 6431). Medical chart audits were completed on 4777 patients at baseline and 4546 patients at follow-up.
  
  
  METHODS
  The proportion of patients who were up-to-date (according to chart audit) and the proportion of patients who were offered a service if not up-to-date (according to patient report) for 8 preventive services.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with the control group, based on the proportion of patients who were up-to-date, use of only one preventive service--pneumococcal vaccine--increased significantly in the intervention group (17.2% absolute increase from baseline to follow-up compared with a 0.3% absolute increase in the control group, P = 0.003). Similarly, based on patient report of being offered a service if not up-to-date, delivery of only one preventive service--cholesterol testing--significantly increased in the intervention group compared with the control group (4.6% increase vs. 0.4% absolute decrease in the control group; P = 0.006).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this trial, CQI methods did not result in clinically important increases in preventive service delivery rates.
authors.affiliation: HealthPartners Research Foundation, Minneapolis, Minn., USA. leif.i.solberg@healthpartners.com
authors.forename: L I
authors.initials: LI
authors.lastname: Solberg
authors.forename: T E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Kottke
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Brekke
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Magnan
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Davidson
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Calomeni
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Conn
authors.forename: G M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Amundson
authors.forename: A F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Nelson
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003695:Delivery of Health Care / Q000592:standards; D019538:Health Care Surveys; D006279:Health Maintenance Organizations / Q000458:organization & administration; D006801:Humans; D008332:Management Quality Circles; D008875:Middle Aged; D008910:Minnesota; D018579:Patient Selection; D011314:Preventive Health Services / Q000458:organization & administration / Q000706:statistics & numerical data* / Q000600:supply & distribution*; D011320:Primary Health Care / Q000458:organization & administration*; D015397:Program Evaluation; D017749:Total Quality Management