title: Hyperhomocyst(e)inemia in chronic stable renal transplant patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Hyperhomocyst(e)inaemia is an important risk factor for atherosclerosis, which is currently a major cause of death in renal transplant patients. The aim of this study was to assess the influence of immunosuppressive therapy on homocyst(e)inemia in renal transplant recipients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Total serum homocysteine (by high performance liquid chromatography), creatinine, lipid profile, folic acid (by radioimmunoassay-RIA) and vitamin B12 (by RIA) concentrations were measured in 3 groups. Group I patients (n=20) were under treatment with cyclosporine, azathioprine, and prednisone; group II (n=9) were under treatment with azathioprine and prednisone; and group III (n=7) were composed of renal graft donors for groups I and II. Creatinine, estimated creatinine clearance, cyclosporine trough level, lipid profile, folic acid, and vitamin B12 concentrations and clinical characteristics of patients were assessed with the aim of ascertaining determinants of hyperhomocyst(e)inemia.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patient ages were 48.8 +/- 15.1 yr (group I), 43.3 +/- 11.3 yr (group II); and 46.5 +/- 14.8 yr (group III). Mean serum homocyst(e)ine (tHcy) concentrations were 18.07 +/- 8.29 mmol/l in renal transplant recipients; 16.55 +/- 5.6 mmol/l and 21.44 +/- 12.1 mmol/l respectively for group I (with cyclosporine) and group II (without cyclosporine) (NS). In renal donors, tHcy was significantly lower (9.07 +/- 3.06 mmol/l; group I + group II vs. group III, p<0.008). There was an unadjusted correlation (p<0.10) between age (r=0.427; p<0.005) body weight (r=0.412; p<0.05), serum creatinine (r=0.427; p<0.05), estimated creatinine clearance (r=0.316; p<0.10), and tHcy in renal recipients (group I +II). Independent regressors (r2=0.46) identified in the multiple regression model were age (coefficient= 0.253; p=0.009) and serum creatinine (coefficient=8.07; p=0.045). We found no cases of hyperhomocyst(e)inemia in the control group. In contrast, 38% of renal recipients had hyperhomocyst(e)inemia: 7 cases (35%) on cyclosporine and 4 (45%) without cyclosporine, based on serum normal levels.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Renal transplant recipients frequently have hyperhomocyst(e)inemia. Hyperhomocyst(e)inemia in renal transplant patients is independent of the scheme of immunosuppression they are taking. The older the patients are and the higher are their serum creatinine levels, the more susceptible they are to hyperhomocyst(e)inemia following renal transplantation.
authors.affiliation: Division of Urology, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo.
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Machado
authors.forename: F J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Paula
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sabbaga
authors.forename: L E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Ianhez
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000009:adverse effects; D001379:Azathioprine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D016572:Cyclosporine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D006710:Homocysteine / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D020138:Hyperhomocysteinemia / Q000209:etiology*; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D016030:Kidney Transplantation; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011241:Prednisone / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D006710:Homocysteine; D016572:Cyclosporine; D001379:Azathioprine; D011241:Prednisone