Multicenter phase I-II trial of docetaxel, cisplatin, and fluorouracil induction chemotherapy for patients with locally advanced squamous cell cancer of the head and neck.
OBJECTIVE
We conducted a phase I-II, multi-institutional trial to determine the maximum-tolerated dose (MTD) of cisplatin in an induction chemotherapy regimen of docetaxel, cisplatin, and fluorouracil for squamous cell cancer of the head and neck (SCCHN) and to determine the safety, tolerability, and efficacy of the regimen at MTD.


METHODS
A total of 43 patients with previously untreated, locally advanced, curable SCCHN were entered. Overall, 29 patients (67%) had N2 or N3 nodal disease and nine (21%) had T4 primary tumors. All patients received docetaxel 75 mg/m(2) on day 1; cisplatin at 75 (level I) or 100 (level II) mg/m(2) on day 1; and a continuous fluorouracil infusion at 1,000 mg/m(2)/d on days 1 through 4. Patients were treated with prophylactic antibiotics on days 5 through 15. Cycles were repeated every 21 days for a total of three cycles. Patients then received definitive therapy based on institutional preferences.


RESULTS
Thirteen patients were treated at level I, and 30 patients were treated at level II. All 43 patients were assessable for toxicity. There were no major differences in toxicity between level I and level II. Cisplatin-associated grade 3 or 4 hypomagnesemia or hypocalcemia occurred in 13 (30%) and hearing loss in two patients (5%). Grade 3 or 4 neutropenia was observed in 41 patients (95%) and febrile neutropenia occurred in eight (19%). There was one serious infection (2%). There were 17 (40% [95% confidence interval [CI], 25% to 56%]) clinical complete responders (CR), 23 (54% [95% CI, 39% to 69%]) partial responders (PR), one (2%) with no change, and two (5%) unassessable patients. Major responses (CR, PR) were observed in 40 (93% [95% CI, 81% to 99%]) patients. Primary site CR was documented in 24 (54%) of patients. Postchemotherapy primary site biopsies were performed in 25 patients (58%) and pathologically negative biopsy was obtained in 11 (92%) of 12 primary site clinical CRs and seven (54%) of 13 with PR or no change. Overall, negative biopsies were obtained in 18 patients (72%).


CONCLUSIONS
TPF induction chemotherapy can be delivered safely with a cisplatin dose of 100 mg/m(2) in previously untreated patients with SCCHN. The regimen is associated with a high rate of primary site clinical and pathologic CRs. Phase III comparison with cisplatinum and fluorouracil chemotherapy is warranted.
Posner
M R
MR
Department of Adult Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA. marshall_posner@dfci.harvard.edu
Glisson
B
B
Frenette
G
G
Al-Sarraf
M
M
Colevas
A D
AD
Norris
C M
CM
Seroskie
J D
JD
Shin
D M
DM
Olivares
R
R
Garay
C A
CA
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000188:drug therapy*; D002945:Cisplatin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D000077143:Docetaxel; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D005472:Fluorouracil / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006258:Head and Neck Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans; D006996:Hypocalcemia / Q000139:chemically induced; D008274:Magnesium / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017239:Paclitaxel / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D012074:Remission Induction; D043823:Taxoids
D043823:Taxoids; D000077143:Docetaxel; D008274:Magnesium; D017239:Paclitaxel; D002945:Cisplatin; D005472:Fluorouracil