title: The failure behavior of the anchorage of hairs during slow extraction.
abstract: Treatment of excessive hair growth is an important issue in both dermatological and cosmetic practice. In contrast to treatments with medication, most physical methods are treatments that focus on the hair follicle. To obtain insight in the failure behavior of the anchorage of hairs, hairs were extracted (in vitro) from pig skin at a speed of 0.1mm/s, one at a time. The pulling force and tweezers displacement were recorded. The extracted hairs were classified with respect to the phase in the growing cycle: anagen (growing phase), telogen (resting phase) or other (catagen phase or unable to determine). The anagen hairs showed a different relation between the tweezers displacement and the pulling force than the telogen hairs. Moreover, the maximum force that could be applied before a hair was extracted proved to be lower for anagen hairs than for telogen hairs (0.36N, 1.8N, respectively). The extracted hair length, defined as the part of the hair that had been embedded in the skin which was extracted, was higher for anagen hairs than for telogen hairs (4.8mm, 3.0mm, respectively). Removing proximal skin tissue and the embedded parts of the anagen hair (root) resulted in a change of the extraction curves. The results indicate that two phenomena play a role in the anchorage of anagen hairs. We have proposed a model for the extraction of an anagen hair that has been based on these results: first the interface between hair and skin that is located around the inner root sheath (IRS) starts to fail, followed by failing of the hair itself in the region where the hair keratinizes.
authors.affiliation: Eindhoven University of Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Section Materials Technology, P.O. box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, Netherlands. michiel.roersma@philips.com
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Roersma
authors.forename: L F
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Douven
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Lefki
authors.forename: C W
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Oomens
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D006197:Hair / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D018859:Hair Follicle / Q000502:physiology* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D006628:Hirsutism / Q000628:therapy; D006983:Hypertrichosis / Q000628:therapy; D012867:Skin; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D013552:Swine