title: Factors associated with prevalent hepatitis C: differences among young adult injection drug users in lower and upper Manhattan, New York City.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study examined correlates of prevalent hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection among young adult injection drug users in 2 neighborhoods in New York City.
  
  
  METHODS
  Injection drug users aged 18 to 29 years were street recruited from the Lower East Side and Harlem. Participants were interviewed about drug use and sex practices; venipuncture was performed for hepatitis B virus (HBV), HCV, and HIV serologies.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In both sites, testing positive for HCV antibody (anti-HCV) was associated with having injected for more than 3 years. Additionally, HCV infection was positively associated with injecting with someone known to have had hepatitis (but the association was significant only in the Lower East Side) and with sharing cotton (but the association was statistically significant only in Harlem). Being in drug treatment and older than 24 years were associated with HCV in the Lower East Side but not in Harlem. Receiving money for sex was associated with anti-HCV positivity in Harlem but not in the Lower East Side.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Several differences in factors associated with prevalent HCV infection existed among 2 populations of young injection drug users from the same city. Indirect transmission of HCV may occur.
authors.affiliation: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Epidemiology Program Office, Division of Prevention Research and Analytic Methods, Atlanta, Ga., USA.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Diaz
authors.forename: D C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Des Jarlais
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Vlahov
authors.forename: T E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Perlis
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Edwards
authors.forename: S R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Friedman
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rockwell
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hoover
authors.forename: I T
authors.initials: IT
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: E R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Monterroso
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D005260:Female; D006526:Hepatitis C / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000635:transmission*; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D016485:Needle Sharing; D009519:New York City / Q000453:epidemiology; D016017:Odds Ratio; D011204:Poverty Areas; D015995:Prevalence; D012111:Residence Characteristics; D012307:Risk Factors; D012309:Risk-Taking; D012725:Sexual Behavior; D015819:Substance Abuse, Intravenous / Q000821:virology*