title: Introduction to Bayesian modelling in dental research.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To explain the concepts and application of Bayesian modelling and how it can be applied to the analysis of dental research data.
  
  
  METHODS
  Methodological in nature, this article introduces Bayesian modelling through hypothetical dental examples.
  
  
  METHODS
  The synthesis of RCT results with previous evidence, including expert opinion, is used to illustrate full Bayesian modelling. Meta-analysis, in the form of empirical Bayesian modelling, is introduced. An example of full Bayesian modelling is described for the synthesis of evidence from several studies that investigate the success of root canal treatment. Hierarchical (Bayesian) modelling is demonstrated for a survey of childhood caries, where surface data is nested within subjects.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Bayesian methods enhance interpretation of research evidence through the synthesis of information from multiple sources.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Bayesian modelling is now readily accessible to clinical researchers and is able to augment the application of clinical decision making in the development of guidelines and clinical practice.
authors.affiliation: Biostatistics Unit, Eastman Dental Institute for Oral Health Care Sciences, University College London, UK. m.gilthorpe@eastman.ucl.ac.uk
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Gilthorpe
authors.forename: I H
authors.initials: IH
authors.lastname: Maddick
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Petrie
mesh_terms: D001499:Bayes Theorem; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D003627:Data Interpretation, Statistical; D018865:Dental Research / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D016013:Likelihood Functions; D015201:Meta-Analysis as Topic; D015233:Models, Statistical; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D016008:Statistical Distributions