title: Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella enterica serovar Dublin induce tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand expression by normal mouse and human osteoblasts.
abstract: Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella enterica serovar Dublin invade osteoblasts and are causative agents of human bone disease. In the present study, we examined the ability of S. aureus and Salmonella serovar Dublin to induce the production of tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) by normal osteoblasts. Normal mouse and human osteoblasts were cocultured with S. aureus or Salmonella serovar Dublin at different multiplicities of infection. Following initial incubation and examination of TRAIL expression, extracellular bacteria were killed by the addition of media containing the antibiotic gentamicin. Lysates and conditioned media from osteoblast cultures were then collected at various times following invasion and analyzed. The results demonstrated that S. aureus and Salmonella serovar Dublin are potent inducers of TRAIL expression by osteoblasts. Mouse and human TRAIL mRNA expression was induced by bacterial infection and demonstrated a dose-dependent response. Analysis of kinetics suggested that TRAIL mRNA was induced within 30 min after exposure to bacteria and that its level of expression remained relatively constant over the time period examined. mRNA molecules encoding TRAIL receptors were constitutively expressed by osteoblasts. Furthermore, TRAIL protein was detected as early as 45 min and up to 24 h following infection. The quantity of TRAIL protein produced also increased in a dose-dependent manner. Collectively, these findings suggest a mechanism whereby bacterial pathogens mediate bone destruction via osteoblast apoptosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, North Carolina 28223, USA.
authors.forename: E H
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Alexander
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Bento
authors.forename: F M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Hughes
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Marriott
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Hudson
authors.forename: K L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Bost
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins; D006801:Humans; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D051379:Mice; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000382:microbiology*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor / Q000096:biosynthesis; D019779:Salmonella enterica / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D053221:TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000096:biosynthesis*
chemical_list: D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor; D053221:TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand; C505653:TNFSF10 protein, human; C505654:Tnfsf10 protein, mouse; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha