title: Plasma levels of neuroactive steroids are increased in untreated women with anorexia nervosa or bulimia nervosa.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Animal data suggest that neuroactive steroids, such as 3alpha,5alpha-tetrahydroprogesterone (3a,5a-THP), dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), and its sulfated metabolite (DHEA-S), are involved in the modulation of eating behavior, aggressiveness, mood, and anxiety. Anorexia nervosa (AN) and bulimia nervosa (BN) are eating disorders characterized by abnormal eating patterns, depressive and anxious symptoms, enhanced aggressiveness, and endocrine alterations. Previous studies reported decreased blood levels of DHEA and DHEA-S in small samples of anorexic patients, whereas no study has been performed to evaluate the secretion of these neuroactive steroids in BN as well as the production of 3alpha,5alpha-THP in both AN and BN. Therefore, we measured plasma levels of DHEA, DHEA-S, 3alpha,5alpha-THP and other hormones in patients with AN or BN and explored possible relationships between neuroactive steroids and psychopathology.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ninety-two women participated in the study. There were 30 drug-free AN patients, 32 drug-free BN patients, and 30 age-matched, healthy control subjects. Blood samples were collected in the morning for determination of hormone levels. Eating-related psychopathology, depressive symptoms, and aggressiveness were rated by using specific psychopathological scales.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with healthy women, both AN and BN patients exhibited increased plasma levels of 3alpha,5alpha-THP, DHEA, DHEA-S, and cortisol but reduced concentrations of 17beta-estradiol. Plasma testosterone levels were decreased in anorexic women but not in bulimic women. Plasma levels of neuroactive steroids were not correlated with any clinical or demographic variable.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings demonstrate increased morning plasma levels of peripheral neuroactive steroids in anorexic and bulimic patients. The relevance of such hormonal alterations to the pathophysiology of eating disorders remains to be elucidated.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Psychiatry, University of Naples SUN, Italy. monteri@tin.it
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Monteleone
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Luisi
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Colurcio
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Casarosa
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Monteleone
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ioime
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Genazzani
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Maj
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000339:Affect; D000374:Aggression; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000856:Anorexia Nervosa / Q000097:blood* / Q000523:psychology; D001007:Anxiety; D002032:Bulimia / Q000097:blood* / Q000523:psychology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003687:Dehydroepiandrosterone / Q000097:blood; D019314:Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate / Q000097:blood; D004958:Estradiol / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D006728:Hormones / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000097:blood; D009490:Neurosecretory Systems / Q000378:metabolism*; D011280:Pregnanolone / Q000097:blood; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D013739:Testosterone / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D006728:Hormones; D013739:Testosterone; D003687:Dehydroepiandrosterone; D004958:Estradiol; D019314:Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate; D011280:Pregnanolone; D006854:Hydrocortisone