title: Integrative mitogenic role of protein kinase B/Akt in beta-cells.
abstract: Protein kinase B/Akt (PKB/Akt) is activated by phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI 3-K) and is a central mediator of cellular proliferation and protection against apoptosis. Insulin, insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1), and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) act as glucose-dependent growth factors for pancreatic beta-cells. We assessed signaling pathways and stimulation patterns of PKB/Akt activation by these ligands in the beta-cell line INS-1. Insulin, IGF-1, and GLP-1 induced distinctive time dependent, dose dependent, and glucose dependent phosphorylation of PKB/Akt. Insulin and IGF-1 stimulated PI 3-K activity was mainly associated with insulin receptor substrate (IRS) isoforms IRS-1 and IRS-2 and less so with the IRS-isoform Grb-2 associated binder-1 (Gab-1). In contrast, GLP-1 induced PI 3-K activity mainly in Gab-1 and also in IRS-2 immunoprecipitates, although in an attenuated kinetic. Thus, activation pathways of PKB/Akt by insulin, IGF-1, and GLP-1 converge at the level of IRS-isoforms and PI 3-K inducing differential activation of PKB/Akt. These data indicate an essential role of PKB/Akt in regulation of beta-cell proliferation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Philipps-University, Marburg, Germany.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Trümper
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Trümper
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Trusheim
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Arnold
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Göke
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hörsch
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D002460:Cell Line; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D005934:Glucagon / Q000494:pharmacology; D052216:Glucagon-Like Peptide 1; D007328:Insulin / Q000494:pharmacology; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / Q000494:pharmacology; D007515:Islets of Langerhans / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D008934:Mitogens / Q000378:metabolism*; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000494:pharmacology; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D011498:Protein Precursors / Q000494:pharmacology; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D051381:Rats; D015398:Signal Transduction
chemical_list: D005934:Glucagon; D052216:Glucagon-Like Peptide 1; D007328:Insulin; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I; D008934:Mitogens; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; D011498:Protein Precursors; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; C494920:Akt1 protein, rat