title: Evaluation of methods of sewage treatment on board of vessels on the basis of surveys in 1994-1999.
abstract: The purpose of the present study was to show in what degree the ships of the Polish merchant fleet observe the obligations provided for Poland by acts of good will of nations, i.e. International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships -MARPOL 73/78 - Annex IV, and the Helsinki Convention. The examinations involved ships equipped with sewage treatment and disinfection plants, the surveys were performed during their normal operation. The tests were made in accordance with the resolution MEPC-2(VII) and encompassed: determination of residual available chlorine (on board vessel, immediately after sampling), determination of faecal coli index and suspended solids, determination of biochemical oxygen demand (in laboratory conditions). Results of the tests were evaluated according to the above mentioned Resolution. From 1994 to 1999, the total of 245 surveys were made, 177 sewage treatment plants were evaluated, 173 certificates were issued (in that number 125 permanent and 48 temporary). It was stated that Polish ships were properly equipped and well prepared to comply with the obligations provided by international conventions. A conclusion was formulated that the curriculum of higher maritime schools should be broadened in respect of environment protection issues.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Protection and Transport Hygiene, Institute of Maritime and Tropical Medicine in Gdynia.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Szumilas
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dudkowiak
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bartoszewicz
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Frymark
mesh_terms: D019983:Guideline Adherence; D006801:Humans; D007391:International Cooperation; D011044:Poland / Q000453:epidemiology; D012623:Seawater; D012722:Sewage; D012767:Ships / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D018505:Waste Management / Q000379:methods*; D014876:Water Pollution / Q000517:prevention & control*
chemical_list: D012722:Sewage