title: Effect of food-simulating liquids on the flexural strength of composite and polyacid-modified composite restoratives.
abstract: This study investigates the effects of food-simulating liquids on composite and polyacid-modified composite restoratives. Three composite (Z100, Spectrum TPH, and Tetric Ceram) and three polyacid-modified composite (F2000, Dyract AP, and Compoglass) restoratives from the same manufacturers were selected for the study. Flexural strength specimens (25 x 2 x 2 mm) based on ISO 4049 specifications were fabricated according to the manufacturers recommendations. After light polymerization, the specimens were removed from their molds and conditioned for one week at 37 degrees C in the following mediums: (1) deionized water, (2) 0.02 M citric acid, (3) heptane, and (4) 50% ethanol-water solution. Specimens stored in air were used as controls. The sample size was five for each material-medium combination. After conditioning, the specimens were blotted dry, measured, and subjected to flexural strength testing using an Instron Universal Testing Machine with a crosshead speed of 0.05 mm/minute. With the exception of Compoglass, flexural strength of all restoratives after conditioning in heptane was significantly greater than that after conditioning in all other mediums and the control. Although no significant difference in flexural strength values was observed between the different restoratives when the materials were conditioned in heptane or air (control), significant differences were observed between the different restoratives after conditioning in aqueous solutions (water, citric acid, and ethanol-water solution). The flexural strengths of the composites were generally significantly higher than their polyacid-modified counterparts after conditioning in the various aqueous solutions. The detrimental effects of aqueous solutions on flexural strength appeared to be greater with polyacid-modified composite resins than with composite restoratives.
authors.affiliation: National University of Singapore, 5 Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119074, Republic of Singapore.
authors.forename: A U
authors.initials: AU
authors.lastname: Yap
authors.forename: D T
authors.initials: DT
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.forename: B K
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Goh
authors.forename: H G
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Kuah
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Goh
mesh_terms: D000388:Air; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D019343:Citric Acid / Q000737:chemistry; D020770:Compomers / Q000737:chemistry*; D003188:Composite Resins / Q000737:chemistry*; D003793:Dental Restoration, Permanent; D003799:Dental Stress Analysis / Q000295:instrumentation; D000431:Ethanol / Q000737:chemistry; D005502:Food; D005899:Glass Ionomer Cements / Q000737:chemistry; D006536:Heptanes / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D008422:Materials Testing; D008689:Methacrylates / Q000737:chemistry; D018583:Pliability; D017640:Silicates / Q000737:chemistry; D012822:Silicon Dioxide; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D013696:Temperature; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry; D015040:Zirconium
chemical_list: C105428:Compoglass; D020770:Compomers; D003188:Composite Resins; C088486:Dyract; C118368:F2000 cement; D005899:Glass Ionomer Cements; D006536:Heptanes; D008689:Methacrylates; D017640:Silicates; C420128:Spectrum composite resin; C121818:Tetric ceram; C083568:Z100 composite resin; D014867:Water; D019343:Citric Acid; D000431:Ethanol; D012822:Silicon Dioxide; D015040:Zirconium