title: Culture of preimplantation mouse embryos affects fetal development and the expression of imprinted genes.
abstract: Culture of preimplantation mammalian embryos and cells can influence their subsequent growth and differentiation. Previously, we reported that culture of mouse embryonic stem cells is associated with deregulation of genomic imprinting and affects the potential for these cells to develop into normal fetuses. The purpose of our current study was to determine whether culture of preimplantation mouse embryos in a chemically defined medium (M16) with or without fetal calf serum (FCS) can affect their subsequent development and imprinted gene expression. Only one third of the blastocysts that had been cultured from two-cell embryos in M16 medium complemented with FCS developed into viable Day 14 fetuses after transfer into recipients. These M16 + FCS fetuses were reduced in weight as compared with controls and M16 fetuses and had decreased expression of the imprinted H19 and insulin-like growth factor 2 genes associated with a gain of DNA methylation at an imprinting control region upstream of H19. They also displayed increased expression of the imprinted gene Grb10. The growth factor receptor binding gene Grb7, in contrast, was strongly reduced in its expression in most of the M16 + FCS fetuses. No alterations were detected for the imprinted gene MEST: Preimplantation culture in the presence of serum can influence the regulation of multiple growth-related imprinted genes, thus leading to aberrant fetal growth and development.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Developmental Genetics and Imprinting and Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience, The Babraham Institute, Babraham, Cambridge CB2 4AT, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Khosla
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Dean
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Reik
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Feil
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001755:Blastocyst / Q000502:physiology*; D015152:Blotting, Northern; D015139:Blotting, Southern; D003433:Crosses, Genetic; D004247:DNA / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D019175:DNA Methylation; D004624:Embryo Transfer; D005314:Embryonic and Fetal Development / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D005312:Fetal Blood / Q000502:physiology; D051383:GRB10 Adaptor Protein; D051382:GRB7 Adaptor Protein; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D018392:Genomic Imprinting / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008808:Mice, Inbred CBA; D011247:Pregnancy; D014176:Protein Biosynthesis; D011506:Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D012313:RNA / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D062085:RNA, Long Noncoding; D022661:RNA, Untranslated / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: C495959:Grb10 protein, mouse; C495956:Grb7 protein, mouse; C094335:H19 long non-coding RNA; D011506:Proteins; D062085:RNA, Long Noncoding; D022661:RNA, Untranslated; D051382:GRB7 Adaptor Protein; D051383:GRB10 Adaptor Protein; D012313:RNA; D004247:DNA