title: In vitro evaluation of antimicrobial activity of sealers and pastes used in endodontics.
abstract: The antimicrobial activity of four root canal sealers (AH Plus, Sealapex, Ketac Endo, and Fill Canal), two calcium hydroxide pastes (Calen and Calasept), and a zinc oxide paste was evaluated. Seven bacterial strains were used, six of them standard; Micrococcus luteus ATCC 9341, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 12228, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, and Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 10541. There was a wild strain of Streptococcus mutans isolated from saliva obtained in an adult dental clinic. Activity was evaluated using the agar diffusion method with Brain Heart Infusion agar and Müller Hinton medium seeded by pour plate. Calcium hydroxide-based sealers and pastes were either placed directly into 4.0 x 4.0 mm wells or by using absorbent paper points. The plates were kept at room temperature for 2 hr for diffusion. After incubation at 37 degrees C for 24 hr, the medium was optimized with 0.05 g% TTC gel and inhibition haloes were measured. All bacterial strains were inhibited by all materials using the well method. However, when the materials were applied with absorbent paper points, Enterococcus faecalis was not inhibited by zinc oxide, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa was not inhibited by AH Plus, Fill Canal, and the zinc oxide-based paste. We conclude that sealers and pastes presented antimicrobial activity in vitro and culture medium optimization with 0.05 g% TTC gel facilitated observation of the inhibition haloes.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Endodontia, Faculdade de Odontologia de Araraquara-UNESP, Caixa Postal 331, Rua Humaitá, 1680, 14801-903 Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Leonardo
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: da Silva
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tanomaru Filho
authors.forename: K C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Bonifácio
authors.forename: I Y
authors.initials: IY
authors.lastname: Ito
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001419:Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects*; D001466:Barium Sulfate / Q000737:chemistry; D001729:Bismuth / Q000737:chemistry; D001881:Borates / Q000737:chemistry; D002122:Calcium Chloride; D002126:Calcium Hydroxide / Q000737:chemistry; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D003763:Dental Leakage / Q000517:prevention & control; D004338:Drug Combinations; D013293:Enterococcus faecalis / Q000187:drug effects; D004853:Epoxy Resins / Q000737:chemistry; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000187:drug effects; D005054:Eugenol / Q000737:chemistry; D005899:Glass Ionomer Cements / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D005779:Immunodiffusion; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D016982:Micrococcus luteus / Q000187:drug effects; D011189:Potassium Chloride; D011550:Pseudomonas aeruginosa / Q000187:drug effects; D012117:Resins, Synthetic / Q000737:chemistry; D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012459:Salicylates / Q000737:chemistry; D012463:Saliva / Q000382:microbiology; D017693:Sodium Bicarbonate; D012965:Sodium Chloride; D013210:Staphylococcus / Q000187:drug effects; D013295:Streptococcus mutans / Q000187:drug effects; D015034:Zinc Oxide / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D001881:Borates; D004338:Drug Combinations; D004853:Epoxy Resins; D005899:Glass Ionomer Cements; C074934:Ketac Endo; D012117:Resins, Synthetic; D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials; D012459:Salicylates; C036086:calcium hydroxide, calcium chloride, potassium chloride, sodium bicarbonate, sodium chloride drug combination; C420643:calen; C534916:epoxy resin-based root canal sealer; C055601:Sealapex; D001466:Barium Sulfate; D005054:Eugenol; D012965:Sodium Chloride; D011189:Potassium Chloride; C038425:Fillcanal; D017693:Sodium Bicarbonate; D002122:Calcium Chloride; D002126:Calcium Hydroxide; D015034:Zinc Oxide; D001729:Bismuth