Detection of bisphenol-A in dental materials by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.
The xenoestrogenic substance bisphenol-A is widely used as a synthetic precursor of resin monomers, such as bisphenol-A diglycidyl methacrylate. Reports describing the release of bisphenol-A from polymerized resin into saliva have aroused considerable concern regarding exposure to xenoestrogen by dental treatment. The purpose of the present study was to demonstrate a reliable methodology of detecting the trace amounts of bisphenol-A in dental materials. Bisphenol-A was separable from bisphenol-A diglycidyl methacrylate, which is often employed as the principal dimethacrylate monomer, by selective extraction with a Sep-Pak C18 cartridge. Using this extraction method in combination with a gas-chromatography mass-spectrometry, we have obtained evidence that all unpolymerized materials used in this study were contaminated with bisphenol-A. Quantitative analysis using a deuterium-labeled compound as an internal standard revealed bisphenol-A contents in commercial dental materials ranging from < 1 microgram/g material to about 20 micrograms/g material. The polymerized dental materials released up to 91.4 ng bisphenol-A/g material into phosphate buffered saline during 24-h incubation. These results indicate that bisphenol-A can be released from dental materials, however the leachable amount would be less than 1/1000 of the reported dose (2 micrograms/kg body weight/day) required for xenoestrogenisity in vivo.
Manabe
A
A
Department of Operative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan.
Kaneko
S
S
Numazawa
S
S
Itoh
K
K
Inoue
M
M
Hisamitsu
H
H
Sasa
R
R
Yoshida
T
T
D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds; D017438:Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry; D002021:Buffers; D002855:Chromatography, Thin Layer; D003188:Composite Resins / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry; D003764:Dental Materials / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D017220:Dentin-Bonding Agents / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry; D003903:Deuterium; D004058:Diffusion; D004968:Estrogens, Non-Steroidal / Q000737:chemistry; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D006801:Humans; D008689:Methacrylates / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry; D010636:Phenols / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D010710:Phosphates; D010895:Pit and Fissure Sealants / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry; D011108:Polymers / Q000737:chemistry; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D012463:Saliva / Q000737:chemistry; D012965:Sodium Chloride; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds
D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds; D017438:Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate; D002021:Buffers; D003188:Composite Resins; D003764:Dental Materials; D017220:Dentin-Bonding Agents; D003903:Deuterium; D004968:Estrogens, Non-Steroidal; D008689:Methacrylates; D010636:Phenols; D010710:Phosphates; D010895:Pit and Fissure Sealants; D011108:Polymers; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D012965:Sodium Chloride; C005044:hydroxyethyl methacrylate; C006780:bisphenol A; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds