title: Vasoactive intestinal peptide influences hatching of ovine blastocysts.
abstract: Expanded blastocysts collected from superovulated Sarda ewes were divided at random into four groups for culture in a simple medium that does not support blastocyst hatching (CZB) or a complex medium that is permissive to hatching (TCM 199), with or without vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), a known embryo mitogenic peptide. Plasminogen activator (PA) secretion after 24 h of culture, and the number of cells, diameter of blastocysts and hatching rate after 48 h of culture were compared. The results showed an increase in hatching rate (78.6 v. 6.7%; P<0.01), diameter and number of cells (220.89 v. 210.44 microm, P<0.01 and 246 v. 232, P<0.01 respectively) and caseinolytic areas (1.33 v. 0.92 cm, P<0.01) of blastocysts cultured in TCM 199 compared with those cultured in CZB. Supplementation of the culture media with VIP increased these parameters in CZB (P<0.01) and partially in TCM 199. In particular, cell number, diameter and PA activity were significantly higher (P<0.01) after culture with VIP in both media. Immunoneutralization of exogenous VIP in culture with anti-VIP antibody caused a decrease in the hatching rate (P<0.01) of embryos cultured in medium with VIP, similar to the rate in unsupplemented CZB (P<0.01). These results suggest a receptor-mediated response. In immunohistochemical studies, VIP was shown to bind receptors in hatched blastocysts demonstrating the VIP-receptor interaction, and VIP receptors of approximately 150 kDa were revealed by electrophoretic studies. In conclusion, ovine preimplantation embryos exhibit VIP receptors, providing a basis for a receptor-mediated influence of VIP in the hatching of ovine blastocysts.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Biology, University of Sassari, Italy. vetfis@ssmain.uniss.it
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Leoni
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bogliolo
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Deledda
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ledda
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Naitana
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001755:Blastocyst / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology*; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002364:Caseins / Q000378:metabolism; D002452:Cell Count; D048429:Cell Size; D003470:Culture Media; D017077:Culture Media, Conditioned; D046508:Culture Techniques; D005260:Female; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008934:Mitogens / Q000494:pharmacology; D010960:Plasminogen Activators / Q000378:metabolism; D011247:Pregnancy; D018005:Receptors, Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D012756:Sheep / Q000196:embryology*; D013997:Time Factors; D014660:Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D002364:Caseins; D003470:Culture Media; D017077:Culture Media, Conditioned; D008934:Mitogens; D018005:Receptors, Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide; D014660:Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide; D010960:Plasminogen Activators