title: Clozapine for the treatment of drug-induced psychosis in Parkinson's disease: results of the 12 week open label extension in the PSYCLOPS trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To report the results of the 12-week, prospective, open label extension of the 4-week, multicenter, placebo-controlled, double-blind PSYCLOPS (PSYchosis and CLOzapine in the treatment of Parkinsonism) trial. This extension examined the chronic safety and efficacy of clozapine in the treatment of drug-induced psychosis in Parkinson's disease (PD).
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Psychosis is a serious late complication of PD and may be a harbinger to increased mortality. Clozapine, the first atypical antipsychotic, was shown in several small open label studies to improve psychosis without worsening of motor symptoms. This was recently confirmed in the double-blind PSYCLOPS trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  The 53 patients who completed the double-blind portion of PSYCLOPS were evaluated on their original randomized treatment (clozapine or placebo), then had study medication stopped. All were started on clozapine. The patients from both treatment groups were evaluated every 4 weeks over a 12-week period using standardized measures for psychosis and PD.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean dose of clozapine was 28.78 mg/day. Those originally treated with placebo improved significantly in Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale and clinical global scores for psychosis to the same degree as the group originally randomized to clozapine in the double-blind study. Both groups maintained their response to week 16 (end of the combined double-blind and open label portions). There was no worsening of motor features as measured by the Unified Parkinson's disease rating scale. Eighteen patients were either hospitalized or died during the trial. The most common reasons were pulmonary.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Low-dose clozapine is effective in treating drug-induced psychosis without worsening motor features of PD, and the response is maintained for at least 4 months. Patients with psychosis and PD were previously described as a group with high risk for morbidity and mortality. The high risk continues despite antipsychotic therapy.
authors.affiliation: Albany Medical College, New York, USA.
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Factor
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Friedman
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Lannon
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Oakes
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Bourgeois
mesh_terms: D000978:Antiparkinson Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010054:Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale; D003024:Clozapine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D006801:Humans; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000188:drug therapy*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011605:Psychoses, Substance-Induced / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000523:psychology; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000978:Antiparkinson Agents; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents; D003024:Clozapine