title: [Temperature and humidity profile of the paranasal sinuses before and after mucosal decongestion by xylometazolin].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  One of the most important functions of the nose is to warm and to humidify air before it reaches the lower respiratory tract. Nasal decongestants as one of the most common drugs used in otorhinolaryngology are often associated with the feeling of a "dry nose". The purpose of this study was to determine the short-term influence of xylometazoline on temperature and humidity in the nasal airways.
  
  
  METHODS
  15 healthy volunteers were enclosed into the study. A miniaturised humidity sensor and thermocouple was used for detection of humidity and airway temperature in the nasal vestibule, at the nasal valve area and in the nasopharynx at the end of inspiration. Measurements were done before and after topical application of xylometazoline.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Temperature and relative humidity increase from the anterior parts of the nose to the nasopharynx at the end of inspiration. The temperature and humidity values after nasal decongestion are not significantly different from the values before application of xylometazoline. As a tendency temperature and humidity values after nasal decongestion are even somewhat higher at the nasal valve area compared to the values before application of xylometazoline.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Widening of the nasal airways by mucosal decongestion did not lead to a significant change of the nasal temperature and humidity profile 20-30 min after application of xylometazoline. The use of xylometazoline seems not to influence humidifying and heating of inspired air within a short period after onset of the maximal decongestive effect of xylometazoline.
authors.affiliation: Universitäts-HNO-Klinik Ulm. tilman.keck@medizin.uni-ulm.de
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Keck
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Leiacker
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schick
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Rettinger
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kühnemann
mesh_terms: D000281:Administration, Intranasal; D000328:Adult; D001833:Body Temperature Regulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006813:Humidity; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D014663:Nasal Decongestants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009297:Nasal Mucosa / Q000187:drug effects*; D009305:Nasopharynx / Q000187:drug effects; D012123:Pulmonary Ventilation / Q000187:drug effects*; D014420:Turbinates / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D007093:Imidazoles; D014663:Nasal Decongestants; C009695:xylometazoline
vernacular_title: Temperatur- und Feuchteprofil der Nasenwege vor und nach Schleimhautabschwellung durch Xylometazolin.