title: Cadmium-induced malignant transformation of human prostate epithelial cells.
abstract: Prostate cancer has become epidemic, and environmental factors such as cadmium may be partly responsible. This study reports malignant transformation of the nontumorigenic human prostatic epithelial cell line RWPE-1 by in vitro cadmium exposure. The cadmium-transformed cells exhibited a loss of contact inhibition in vitro and rapidly formed highly invasive and occasionally metastatic adenocarcinomas upon inoculation into mice. The transformed cells also showed increased secretion of MMP-2 and MMP-9, a phenomenon observed in human prostate tumors and linked to aggressive behavior. Cadmium-induced malignant transformation of human prostate epithelial cells strongly fortifies the evidence for a potential role of cadmium in prostate cancer.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Comparative Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, USA.
authors.forename: W E
authors.initials: WE
authors.lastname: Achanzar
authors.forename: B A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Diwan
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: S T
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Quader
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Webber
authors.forename: M P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Waalkes
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D000818:Animals; D002104:Cadmium / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002471:Cell Transformation, Neoplastic / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 / Q000378:metabolism; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D009368:Neoplasm Transplantation; D009374:Neoplasms, Experimental / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D011467:Prostate / Q000737:chemistry / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects*; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000378:metabolism; D014183:Transplantation, Heterologous
chemical_list: D002104:Cadmium; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9