title: Helicobacter pylori infection in type 2 diabetic patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A high prevalence of Helicobacter pylori (Hp) infection in diabetic patients has been described in recent years. This study investigates its prevalence in type 2 diabetics and its correlation with the degree of metabolic control and the presence of chronic complications.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Forty-one consecutive type 2 diabetics (21 males, 20 females aged 46-78, mean 62) and 31 age-matched controls participated. Hp infection was assessed by means of the 13C-urea breath test. Fasting glucose and glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) levels were measured to evaluate metabolic control. Chronic complications were assessed by means of albumin excretion rate (AER), fundoscopy, vibratory perception threshold (VPT), ECG, clinical history of coronary, cerebral or peripheral arteriopathy, foot examination and cardiovascular autonomic function tests. A higher prevalence of Hp infection was found in diabetic than in control women (80% vs 37.5%; p < 0.05), whereas there was no difference between males. A higher prevalence correlated with macroangiopathy and neuropathy and higher BMI, blood pressure, fasting glucose and HbA1c values. By contrast, microangiopathy was significantly more prevalent (p < 0.05) in Hp negative (85%) than in Hp positive patients (48%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is a high prevalence of Hp infection in type 2 diabetic women. The absence of microangiopathy may be a predisposing factor: microvascular changes in the gastric mucosa may create an unfavourable environment for the establishment or survival of Hp.
authors.affiliation: Divisione Universitaria di Medicina Interna, Ospedale San Vito, Turin, Italy.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Quadri
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rossi
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Catalfamo
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Masoero
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lombardo
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Della Monica
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Rovera
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pera
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Cavello Perin
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001944:Breath Tests; D002247:Carbon Isotopes; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology; D003925:Diabetic Angiopathies / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D003928:Diabetic Nephropathies / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D003929:Diabetic Neuropathies / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D003930:Diabetic Retinopathy / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D005753:Gastric Mucosa / Q000098:blood supply; D005773:Gastroscopy; D016481:Helicobacter Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology; D016480:Helicobacter pylori; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D012709:Serum Albumin / Q000032:analysis; D012737:Sex Factors
chemical_list: D002247:Carbon Isotopes; D012709:Serum Albumin