title: Effects of enrofloxacin and magnesium deficiency on matrix metabolism in equine articular cartilage.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the effects of enrofloxacin and magnesium deficiency on explants of equine articular cartilage.
  
  
  METHODS
  Articular cartilage explants and cultured chondrocytes obtained from adult and neonatal horses.
  
  
  METHODS
  Full-thickness explants and cultured chondrocytes were incubated in complete or magnesium-deficient media containing enrofloxacin at concentrations of 0, 1, 5, 25, 100, and 500 microg/ml. Incorporation and release of sulfate 35S over 24 hours were used to assess glycosaminoglycan (GAG) synthesis and degradation. An assay that measured binding of dimethylmethylene blue dye was used to compare total GAG content between groups. Northern blots of RNA from cultured chondrocytes were probed with equine cDNA of aggrecan, type-II collagen, biglycan, decorin, link protein, matrix metalloproteinases 1, 3, and 13, and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A dose-dependent suppression of 35S incorporation was observed. In cartilage of neonates, 35S incorporation was substantially decreased at enrofloxacin concentrations of 25 mg/ml. In cartilage of adult horses, 35S incorporation was decreased only at enrofloxacin concentrations of > or =100 microg/ml. Magnesium deficiency caused suppression of 35S incorporation. Enrofloxacin or magnesium deficiency did not affect GAG degradation or endogenous GAG content. Specific effects of enrofloxacin on steady-state mRNA for the various genes were not observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Enrofloxacin may have a detrimental effect on cartilage metabolism in horses, especially in neonates.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Studies, New Bolton Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Kennett Square 19348, USA.
authors.forename: C L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Davenport
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Boston
authors.forename: D W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Richardson
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn / Q000378:metabolism; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002358:Cartilage, Articular / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D019902:Chondrocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D046508:Culture Techniques; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D000077422:Enrofloxacin; D024841:Fluoroquinolones; D006025:Glycosaminoglycans / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000378:metabolism; D006736:Horses / Q000378:metabolism*; D008275:Magnesium Deficiency / Q000378:metabolism*; D011509:Proteoglycans / Q000378:metabolism; D015363:Quinolones / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000187:drug effects; D011897:Random Allocation; D013431:Sulfates / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D024841:Fluoroquinolones; D006025:Glycosaminoglycans; D011509:Proteoglycans; D015363:Quinolones; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D013431:Sulfates; D000077422:Enrofloxacin