title: Vitamin B12 injections versus oral supplements. How much money could be saved by switching from injections to pills?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To estimate savings, using a third-party payer perspective, if all elderly patients currently receiving vitamin B12 (cobalamin) injections were switched to high-dose oral therapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  We modeled high-dose oral B12 supplement costs to include drugs, pharmacists' fees, and one-time conversion costs consisting of two physician visits and laboratory monitoring. The number of vitamin-injection visits avoided by switching to oral therapy was predicted using a multivariate model that considered covariates for overall patient illness.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ontario family physicians' and internists' practices.
  
  
  METHODS
  Population-based administrative databases for Ontario were used to identify all people between 65 and 100 years who received parenteral vitamin B12 during 1995 and 1996.
  
  
  METHODS
  The cost of parenteral vitamin B12 for each patient, including drugs, injections, pharmacists' fees, and injection-associated physician visits, was measured directly from the databases.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The annual cost of parenteral vitamin B12 therapy averaged $145.88 per person and totaled a maximum $25 million over 5 years. Converting all patients to high-dose oral B12 and treating them for 5 years would cost $7.4 million. Depending on how many vitamin-injection visits are avoided by switching to oral therapy, between $2.9 million and $17.6 million would be saved. Switching to oral B12 administration saved costs as long as 16.3% of injection-associated visits were avoided.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Switching all patients from B12 injections to oral cobalamin therapy could result in substantial savings.
authors.affiliation: University of Ottawa. carlv@lri.ca
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: van Walraven
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Austin
authors.forename: C D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Naylor
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D017046:Cost Savings; D016208:Databases, Factual; D016527:Drug Costs; D005260:Female; D006299:Health Services for the Aged / Q000191:economics; D006801:Humans; D007273:Injections, Intramuscular; D007348:Insurance, Health; D008297:Male; D014805:Vitamin B 12 / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000191:economics* / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D014805:Vitamin B 12