title: Effect of ruminal protein degradability on growth and N metabolism in growing beef steers.
abstract: The objective of two experiments was to correlate plasma levels of urea N (PUN) and the percentage of urine N in the form of urea (UUN) to weight gain in response to different dietary protein regimens for growing Angus steers. In Exp. 1, 60 steers (302 kg BW) were assigned to various levels of dietary N (control plus supplemental N to provide from 100 to 400 g more crude protein daily) within two sources of supplemental N (soybean meal [SBM] or a mixture of two parts corn gluten meal:one part blood meal [CGM:BM]). In Exp. 2, 27 steers (229 kg BW) were fed two levels of SBM, and half of the steers received growth-promoting implants. Steers were housed in groups of 12 and fed individually for 84 d in both experiments. Corn silage was fed at a restricted rate to minimize orts. Jugular blood and urine samples were collected during the experiments. In Exp. 1, maximal ADG of steers fed SBM (1.0 kg) was reached with 671 g/d total crude protein, or 531 g/d metabolizable protein. Maximal ADG of steers fed CGM:BM (0.91 kg) was reached with 589 g/d total crude protein, or 539 g/d metabolizable protein. The DMI was higher (P < 0.07) for steers fed SBM (6.37 kg/d) than for steers fed CGM:BM (6.14 kg/d). Increasing ruminal escape protein from 36% (SBM) to 65% (CGM:BM) of CP decreased (P < 0.05) endogenous production of urea, as evidenced by lower concentrations of urea in blood and lower UUN. In Exp. 2, increasing supplemental protein from 100 to 200 g/d increased (P < 0.05) ADG and PUN. Implants lowered (P < 0.05) UUN, particularly at the higher level of supplemental protein. Protein supplementation of growing steers can be managed to maintain acceptable ADG yet decrease excretion of urea in the urine.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh 27695, USA. Gerald_Huntington@ncsu.edu
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Huntington
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Poore
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hopkins
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Spears
mesh_terms: D000641:Ammonia / Q000652:urine; D000821:Animal Feed; D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism*; D004338:Drug Combinations; D004958:Estradiol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D005232:Fatty Acids, Volatile / Q000032:analysis; D005766:Gastrointestinal Contents / Q000737:chemistry; D016018:Least-Squares Analysis; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000652:urine; D011374:Progesterone / Q000008:administration & dosage; D011897:Random Allocation; D012417:Rumen / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology; D012820:Silage; D014508:Urea / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D015430:Weight Gain
chemical_list: D004044:Dietary Proteins; D004338:Drug Combinations; D005232:Fatty Acids, Volatile; D011374:Progesterone; D004958:Estradiol; D000641:Ammonia; C025370:estradiol benzoate, progesterone drug combination; D014508:Urea; D009584:Nitrogen