title: Separate effects of triploidy, parentage and genomic diversity upon feeding behaviour, metabolic efficiency and net energy balance in the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas.
abstract: Triploid oysters were induced using cytochalasin B upon retention of either the first (meiosis I triploids) or the second (meiosis II triploids) polar body in embryos from a single cohort derived from mixed parentage. Allozyme and microsatellite assays enabled the confirmation of both parentage and triploidy status in each oyster. Comparison of meiosis I triploids, meiosis II triploids and diploid siblings established that improved physiological performance in triploids was associated with increased allelic variation, rather than with the quantitative dosage effects of ploidy status. An unidentified maternal influence also interacted with genotype. Among full sibs, allelic variation measured as multi-locus enzyme heterozygosity accounted for up to 42% of the variance in physiological performance; significant positive influences were identified upon feeding rate, absorption efficiency, net energy balance and growth efficiency (= net energy balance divided by energy absorbed). Whilst allelic variation was greater in both meiosis I and meiosis II triploids than in diploid siblings, both allelic variation and net energy balance were highest in triploids induced at meiosis I. This suggests that it may be preferable to induce triploidy by blocking meiosis I, rather than meiosis II as has traditionally been undertaken during commercial breeding programmes.
authors.affiliation: Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Centre for Coastal Marine Sciences, Natural Environment Research Council, West Hoe, Plymouth PL1 3DH, UK. ajsh@ccms.ac.uk
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Hawkins
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Magoulas
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Héral
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bougrier
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Naciri-Graven
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Day
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kotoulas
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000830:Animals, Laboratory; D001706:Biopsy; D001947:Breeding; D003571:Cytochalasin B / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004734:Energy Metabolism / Q000235:genetics*; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D014644:Genetic Variation / Q000235:genetics*; D005838:Genotype; D006579:Heterozygote; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008540:Meiosis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D008660:Metabolism; D018895:Microsatellite Repeats / Q000235:genetics; D010125:Ostreidae / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology*; D010101:Oxygen Consumption / Q000502:physiology; D011003:Ploidies; D019655:Quantitative Trait, Heritable
chemical_list: D003571:Cytochalasin B