title: 15S-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid activates peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma and inhibits proliferation in PC3 prostate carcinoma cells.
abstract: 15-Lipoxygenase (15-LOX)-2 is expressed in benign prostate secretory cells and benign prostate produces 15S-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (15S-HETE) from exogenous arachidonic acid (AA). In contrast, 15S-LOX-2 and 15S-HETE formation are reduced in prostate carcinoma (Pca). The mechanisms whereby reduced 15-LOX-2 may contribute to Pca development or progression are not known. We investigated the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) gamma in benign and malignant prostate tissues and the ability of 15S-HETE to activate PPARgamma-dependent transcription and modulate proliferation of the Pca cell line PC3. In contrast to benign prostate and similar to most Pca tissues, 15-LOX-2 mRNA was not detected in PC3 cells, and they did not produce detectable 15-HETE from [14C]AA. By reverse transcription-PCR, PPARgamma mRNA was present in 18 of 18 benign and 9 of 9 tumor specimens. The PPARgamma ligand BRL 49653 and 15S-HETE caused a dose-dependent inhibition of PC3 proliferation in a 14-day soft agar colony-forming assay (IC50 of 3 and 30 microM, respectively). 15S-HETE (10 microM) caused greater inhibition than 10 microM 15R-HETE. At 3 days, BRL 49653 and 15S-HETE caused a slight increase in cells in G0-G1 and a corresponding decrease in cells in S phase. In PC3 cells transiently transfected with a luciferase reporter linked to a PPAR response element, 1 microM BRL 49653 and 10 microM 15S-HETE caused approximately threefold and greater than twofold induction of PPAR-dependent transcription, respectively. By quantitative real-time reverse transcription-PCR and Northern analysis, 3-day treatment with BRL 49653 and 15S-HETE caused a reduction of PPARgamma expression but a marked up-regulation of the PPAR response element containing adipocyte type fatty acid binding protein. These results support the hypothesis that 15-LOX-2-derived 15S-HETE may constitute an endogenous ligand for PPARgamma in the prostate and that loss of this pathway by reduced expression of 15-LOX-2 may contribute to increased proliferation and reduced differentiation in prostate carcinoma.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-2561, USA. scott.shappell@mcmail.vanderbilt.edu
authors.forename: S B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Shappell
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Manning
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Whitehead
authors.forename: W E
authors.initials: WE
authors.lastname: Boeglin
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Schneider
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Case
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Price
authors.forename: G S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Jack
authors.forename: T M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Wheeler
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Matusik
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Brash
authors.forename: R N
authors.initials: RN
authors.lastname: Dubois
mesh_terms: D000362:Agar / Q000494:pharmacology; D001093:Arachidonate 15-Lipoxygenase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015152:Blotting, Northern; D002384:Catalysis; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects*; D003470:Culture Media / Q000494:pharmacology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D006893:Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic Acids / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008156:Luciferases / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D000077154:Rosiglitazone; D013844:Thiazoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D045162:Thiazolidinediones; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D014158:Transcription, Genetic / Q000187:drug effects; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D003470:Culture Media; D006893:Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic Acids; D007527:Isoenzymes; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D013844:Thiazoles; D045162:Thiazolidinediones; D014157:Transcription Factors; D000077154:Rosiglitazone; C025984:15-hydroxy-5,8,11,13-eicosatetraenoic acid; D000362:Agar; D001093:Arachidonate 15-Lipoxygenase; D008156:Luciferases