title: RhD genotyping by quantitative fluorescent polymerase chain reaction: a new approach.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To develop a new method of RhD/d genotype determination using a quantitative fluorescent PCR (QF-PCR) assay.
  
  
  METHODS
  Polymerase chain reaction amplification (PCR) of fragments of exon 7 of both the RHD and RHCE genes was performed from 32 amniotic fluid and 26 chorionic villus samples known to be heterozygous for the RHD gene, 74 peripheral blood samples of RhD-positive blood donors (homozygous or heterozygous) estimated by serologic typing and 24 RhD-negative fetal samples. The number of copies of the RHD gene in RhD-positive samples was determined by comparing the fluorescent intensities of the amplification products specific for the RHD and the RHCE genes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A ratio of fluorescent intensities of 1:1 clearly indicated D/D homozygous individuals whereas a ratio of 1:2 was demonstrated in samples from D/d heterozygous individuals. The mean fluorescent intensity ratio of the peak areas of homozygous samples was 1.12 (SD 0.128), the mean ratio of the peak areas of heterozygous samples was 0.51 (SD 0.060). Complete agreement was obtained between RhD/d typing by QF-PCR and RhD genotypes assessed by family studies and serological methods.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The fluorescent PCR-based DNA test allows easy, rapid and accurate determination of the zygosity for the RHD gene. This new technique provides useful information for the clinical management of pregnancies of sensitised RhD-negative mothers.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Karl-Franzens University of Graz, Austria.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Pertl
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Pieber
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Panzitt
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Haeusler
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Winter
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Tului
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Brambati
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Adinolfi
mesh_terms: D000653:Amniotic Fluid / Q000737:chemistry; D002824:Chorionic Villi / Q000737:chemistry; D005260:Female; D005455:Fluorescent Antibody Technique / Q000379:methods; D005838:Genotype; D006579:Heterozygote; D006720:Homozygote; D006801:Humans; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods*; D011247:Pregnancy; D012203:Rh Isoimmunization / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis*; D012204:Rh-Hr Blood-Group System / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D012204:Rh-Hr Blood-Group System