title: Errors in diagnosing post-traumatic stress disorder after traumatic brain injury.
abstract: Evidence to support the view that post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) can occur after traumatic brain injury (TBI) continues to grow. However, the reported incidence of cases with both diagnoses ranges widely, from less than 1% to more than 50%. Given that the incidence of TBI is high, a more precise incidence has to be established if screening and treatment resources are to be considered. Are cases being missed or are they over-diagnosed? The single case report presented here does not definitively answer this question, but illustrates the potential shortcomings of diagnosing PTSD using questionnaire measures alone (Impact of Events Scale, Post-traumatic Stress Diagnostic Scale and General Health Questionnaire) and indicates a need for a conjoint interview which takes into account the common effects of TBI and the symptom overlap between PTSD and TBI.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Glasgow, Gartnavel Royal Hospital, UK. t.m.mcmillan@clinmed.gla.ac.uk
authors.forename: T M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: McMillan
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000328:Adult; D001143:Arousal / Q000502:physiology; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000150:complications* / Q000523:psychology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D013313:Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology