title: The in vitro cell association of invasin coated polylactide-co-glycolide nanoparticles.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the effect of particle size and ligand surface density on the cellular association of poly lactide-co-glycolide nanoparticles covalently coated with bacterial invasin.
  
  
  METHODS
  Poly lactide-co-glycolide nanoparticles containing a flourescent probe were prepared at four diameters 155 nm, 200 nm, 375 nm and 600 nm using standard techniques. Bacterial invasin was covalently coupled to the particles surface at varying surface concentrations using a water soluble carbodiimide. The modified particle's cellular association with HEp2 2B cells in tissue culture was determined using flow cytometry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cellular association of modified nanoparticles was time dependent, abolished at low temperature, competitively inhibited by free invasin or the RGD peptide ligand and saturable. Increased cell association was produced by increasing the particle's surface invasin concentration however, this effect was size dependent. Small particles (155 nm and 200 nm) exhibiting a maximal association with increasing invasin concentration whilst the larger particles (375 nm and 600 nm) provide a minimum at low invasin concentrations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Modified particle cell association provided results commensurate with a receptor dependent uptake mechanism related to the presence of invasin. The size and surface concentration dependency however illustrate that application of these ligands to particulate drug delivery or targeting systems will be controlled by their natural cellular association properties.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Strathclyde Institute for Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: G F
authors.initials: GF
authors.lastname: Dawson
authors.forename: G W
authors.initials: GW
authors.lastname: Halbert
mesh_terms: D018829:Adhesins, Bacterial; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism*; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism*; D002232:Carbocyanines; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism; D002460:Cell Line; D004337:Drug Carriers; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D006801:Humans; D007700:Kinetics; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism*; D058619:Maltose-Binding Proteins; D010316:Particle Size; D011100:Polyglycolic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism*; D000077182:Polylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid Copolymer; D011108:Polymers / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism*; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D018829:Adhesins, Bacterial; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D002232:Carbocyanines; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D004337:Drug Carriers; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D058619:Maltose-Binding Proteins; D011108:Polymers; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; C053476:invasin, Yersinia; D000077182:Polylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid Copolymer; D011100:Polyglycolic Acid; D019344:Lactic Acid; C098044:3,3'-dioctadecyloxacarbocyanine