title: Effect of oral contraceptives on tear physiology.
abstract: Variations in sex hormones due to the menstrual cycle (and oral contraceptives) were evaluated for their effect on tear physiology. Subjects were 18 females taking oral contraceptives or their age matched controls (no medication), aged 21-33 years. Symptoms of ocular discomfort (visual analog scale), tear film structure (TearScope), non-invasive tear thinning time (HirCal grid), evaporation rate (ServoMed evaporimeter), osmolality (Nanolitre Osmometer), tear turnover rate, tear volume (Fluorotron Master), and tear protein levels (HPLC) were measured around day 2 (D2), actually day 1-4 and day 19 (D19) actually day 18-21 of the cycle. No significant differences were found for any tear parameters between D2 and D19 for either pill users or controls alone, or in the comparison of pill users with controls. No effect on tear physiology was found for serum hormone changes induced by oral contraceptive use or by normal cyclic variations in healthy young females.
authors.affiliation: Department of Vision Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow G4 0BA, UK. a.tomlinson@gcal.ac.uk
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tomlinson
authors.forename: E I
authors.initials: EI
authors.lastname: Pearce
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Simmons
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Blades
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D003276:Contraceptives, Oral / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004967:Estrogens / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008597:Menstrual Cycle / Q000502:physiology; D011374:Progesterone / Q000378:metabolism; D013666:Tears / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D003276:Contraceptives, Oral; D004967:Estrogens; D011374:Progesterone