title: Effects of controlled ovarian hyperstimulation on oocyte quality in terms of the incidence of apoptotic granulosa cells.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim was to investigate which ovarian hyperstimulation protocol performed in the same patients causes development of oocytes of good quality.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty normo-ovulatory women underwent three different controlled ovarian hyperstimulation protocols for in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer. Patients underwent follicle aspiration after administration of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). The total number of retrieved oocytes, the number of mature oocytes, and the rate of mature oocytes were examined. Recovered granulosa cells were stained with Hoechst 33258 and examined by fluorescence microscopy to estimate the incidence of apoptotic cells.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The total number of oocytes and the number of mature oocytes in gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRHa) + human menopausal gonadotropin (hMG) + hCG and hMG + hCG cycles were higher than those in the natural cycle (P < 0.0001). The rate of mature oocytes in hMG + hCG cycle was the highest among the three protocols (P < 0.04). In the mural granulosa cells, the incidence of apoptotic cells in the GnRHa + hMG + hCG cycle was significantly higher than those of the natural (P < 0.002) and hMG + hCG cycles (P = 0.0002). The incidence of apoptotic cumulus granulosa cells in the GnRHa + hMG + hCG cycle was significantly higher than those of natural and hMG + hCG cycles (P < 0.002). Moreover, the incidence of apoptotic cumulus granulosa cells in the hMG + hCG cycle was significantly lower than that in the natural cycle (P < 0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results indicated that hMG + hCG is the most appropriate controlled ovarian hyperstimulation protocol among the three examined with regard to oocyte quality.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gyenecology, Yamagata University School of Medicine, 2-2-2 Iida-nishi, Yamagata City, Yamagata 990-9585, Japan.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kaneko
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Saito
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ohta
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Saito
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hiroi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017209:Apoptosis; D006063:Chorionic Gonadotropin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D005307:Fertilization in Vitro; D007987:Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone / Q000819:agonists; D006062:Gonadotropins / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006107:Granulosa Cells / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008596:Menotropins / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D009865:Oocytes / Q000166:cytology*; D010062:Ovulation Induction
chemical_list: D006063:Chorionic Gonadotropin; D006062:Gonadotropins; D007987:Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone; D008596:Menotropins