title: Angiotensin converting enzyme genetic polymorphism is not associated with hypertension in a cross-sectional sample of a Japanese population: the Shibata Study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The studies on the association of deletion/ insertion (D/I) polymorphism of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) gene with blood pressure and hypertension reported contradictory results. Because there was no population-based study in Japan, we examine the hypothesized association in a cross-sectional sample of a Japanese cohort.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The blood pressure of 464 men and 876 women aged 40-80 years was measured, and their DNA was analyzed for ACE D/I genotypes. The prevalence of the D allele was 38.7 and 39.2% in men and women, respectively (overall 39%). There was a tendency for higher covariate (age, body mass index, albuminuria, hematocrit, alcohol consumption, smoking, diabetes mellitus, ischemic heart disease and antihypertensive medication) adjusted mean levels of diastolic blood pressure for the DD genotype in men but not in women. However, this tendency disappeared after dichotomization of blood pressure into diagnostic categories (normotension and hypertension). Results did not differ when the subjects were divided into two age groups (< or = 59 and > or = 60 years). Covariate-adjusted odds ratios for hypertension for presence of the D allele were close to the null value of one. ACE genetic variation accounted for only 0.1 and 0.7% of the inter-individual variation in systolic and diastolic blood pressure in men. These estimates were 0.2 and 0.1%, respectively, in women.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although there is a tendency of higher diastolic blood pressure in men with DD genotypes, there is no convincing evidence that ACE genotypes are associated with hypertension in this Japanese population.
authors.affiliation: National Center for Control of Rheumatic Fever and Heart Diseases, Bangladesh. mzaman@bangla.net
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Zaman
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yoshiike
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Date
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yokoyama
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Matsumura
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ikemoto
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tanaka
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000483:Alleles; D001794:Blood Pressure; D004247:DNA / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics*; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D015995:Prevalence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012424:Rural Population
chemical_list: D004247:DNA; D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A