title: Patient-controlled analgesia with ketorolac in pediatric surgery.
abstract: Our aim was to quantify the analgesic efficiency of the patient-controlled analgesia technique (PCA), using ketorolac, in children aged 6-14 undergoing a surgical intervention. We carried out a double-blind test with two randomly selected groups: the PCA group comprising patients submitted to intravenous PCA, with "bolus on demand" and the Standard group, with conventional analgesia dispensed with ketorolac I.V. (0.5 mg/kg/6 hours). Evaluation of pain experienced was performed using the Hannallah behavioural scale and quantification of the summing of pain intensity. Analgesic efficiency was determined by the pain intensity difference (PID) score. Evaluation of pain experienced during hour 1 reveals a marked reduction with time for each group; no inter-group differences were found. At hour 6 there were neither intra-group nor inter-group differences. The accumulated pain score revealed a significant reduction in hour 6, with no differences between the two groups. Evaluation of the analgesic effect revealed no differences, either intra-group or intergroup, during the experimental period. The sum of the PIDs revealed significant differences in the standard group between the values for hours 1 and 6. Under the experimental conditions described, both techniques were equally effective for pain treatment, but the efficiency was higher for the PCA group.
authors.affiliation: Depto de Fisiología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Granada, Spain.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Moreno
authors.forename: F J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Castejón
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Palacio
mesh_terms: D016058:Analgesia, Patient-Controlled; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002648:Child; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D006801:Humans; D020910:Ketorolac / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D010147:Pain Measurement; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000188:drug therapy*
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D020910:Ketorolac