title: Direct and indirect time spent on care of dental trauma: a 2-year prospective study of children and adolescents.
abstract: The aim was to account for the total time spent by professional care-givers (direct time) and by patients and companions engaged as support and help (indirect time) to treat and otherwise attend to children and adolescents with dental trauma to primary and permanent teeth. The study was based on a random sample of 192 children and adolescents with dental traumas reported to an insurance company and prospectively followed up by telephone interviews over a period of 2 years after the trauma episode. On average, direct time represented 16% of total time for all visits for dental trauma to permanent teeth and 11% for trauma to primary teeth. The most extensive type of indirect time was transport time, which took up 30% of the total time spent on injuries to permanent teeth and 36% for injuries to primary teeth. Multiple regression analysis of the impact of dental and demographic injury variables on the time variables showed that complicated trauma was associated with extended time, direct as well as indirect, for permanent and primary teeth injuries. Our estimate of the average relative increase in total time spent by patients and companions in cases of complicated injury to permanent teeth was 117% (95% confidence interval [CI], 52-211) for patients and 112% (95% CI, 42-217) for companions. For transport time a strong predictor was access to a dental clinic near the place of residence. Lack of access could extend the average transport time by 180% (95% CI, 80-335) for patients and 163% (95% CI, 67-317) for their companions in cases of injuries to primary teeth.
authors.affiliation: Unit of Community Dentistry, Centre for Public Health Sciences, SE-581 85 Linköping, Sweden. ulf.glendor@linkoping.mail.postnet.se
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Glendor
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Halling
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bodin
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Andersson
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nygren
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Karlsson
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Koucheki
mesh_terms: D000041:Absenteeism; D000293:Adolescent; D017028:Caregivers; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D003710:Demography; D003729:Dental Care; D003740:Dental Clinics; D004636:Emergency Service, Hospital; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005544:Forecasting; D006297:Health Services Accessibility; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D008297:Male; D016017:Odds Ratio; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012111:Residence Characteristics; D012648:Self Care; D013997:Time Factors; D018677:Tooth Injuries / Q000628:therapy*; D014094:Tooth, Deciduous / Q000293:injuries*; D014187:Transportation of Patients