title: Carbon dioxide reactivity and pressure autoregulation of brain tissue oxygen.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe the normal relationships between brain tissue oxygen tension (PbrO2) and physiological parameters of systemic blood pressure and CO2 concentrations.
  
  
  METHODS
  Licox Clark-type oxygen probes (GMS mbH, Kiel, Germany) were inserted in the frontal white matter of 12 swine maintained under general anesthesia with a 1.0 fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2). In seven swine, alterations in end-tidal carbon dioxide (ET-CO2) concentration (range, 13-72 mm Hg) were induced via hyperventilation or instillation of CO2 into the ventilation circuit. In nine swine, mean arterial pressure (MAP) (range, 33-200 mm Hg) was altered; phenylephrine was used to induce hypertension, and a nitroprusside-esmolol combination or systemic hemorrhage was used for hypotension. Quantitative cerebral blood flow (CBF) was measured in two animals by using a thermal diffusion probe.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean baseline PbrO2 was 41.9 +/- 11.3 mm Hg. PbrO2 varied linearly with changes in ET-CO2, ranging from 20 to 60 mm Hg (r2 = 0.70). The minimum PbrO2 with hypocarbia was 5.9 mm Hg, and the maximum PbrO2 with hypercarbia was 132.4 mm Hg. PbrO2 varied with MAP in a sigmoid fashion suggestive of pressure autoregulation between 60 and 150 mm Hg (r2 = 0.72). The minimum PbrO2 with hypotension was 1.4 mm Hg, and the maximum PbrO2 with hypertension was 97.2 mm Hg. In addition, CBF correlated linearly with PbrO2 during CO2 reactivity testing (r2 = 0.84).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In the uninjured brain, PbrO2 exhibits CO2 reactivity and pressure autoregulation. The relationship of PbrO2 with ET-CO2 and MAP appears to be similar to those historically established for CBF with ET-CO2 and MAP. This suggests that, under normal conditions, PbrO2 is strongly influenced by factors that regulate CBF.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, 94143-0112, USA.
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Hemphill
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Knudson
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Derugin
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Morabito
authors.forename: G T
authors.initials: GT
authors.lastname: Manley
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology*; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism*; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D006706:Homeostasis / Q000502:physiology*; D006973:Hypertension / Q000378:metabolism; D007022:Hypotension / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D010100:Oxygen / Q000378:metabolism*; D010313:Partial Pressure; D013552:Swine; D013990:Tidal Volume
chemical_list: D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D010100:Oxygen