title: Transplantation of infantile bladder in rats: an alternative procedure for bladder augmentation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Our purpose was to evaluate whether bladder transplantation (BTx) can be used for bladder augmentation (BA).
  
  
  METHODS
  Bladders from infantile Brown-Norway rats (less than 21 days old) were excised and each transplanted into a pouch created in the distal omentum of a 6-week-old Lewis rat (fully allogeneic BTx). No immunosuppressant was used in group I (n=12). Intramuscular FK506 was used daily from the day of BTx in group II (n=16; 0.2 mg/kg), group III (n=22; 0.6 mg/kg), and group IV (n=16; 1.2 mg/kg) until harvesting 3, 4, 5, or 6 weeks after BTx. FK506 was used for only 2 weeks in group V (n=12; 0.6 mg/kg/day) and group VI (n=12; 1.2 mg/kg/day). Syngeneic bladder transplants acted as controls (n=16). Hematoxylin and eosin staining was used to examine all grafts. In six rats from group III, BA was performed by anastomosing the graft to the recipient bladder 10 days after BTx.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Each successfully transplanted graft appeared macroscopically as a thin-walled cyst. Rejection was seen in all grafts from groups I, II, V, and VI, and was minimal or absent in groups III and IV. On medium to long-term follow-up the only side effect of FK506 observed was reduced weight gain. Graft survival in the control group was 100%. BA was successful in all six cases, and the mucosa was normal throughout each augmented bladder.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This is the first report of the successful transplantation of infantile tissue without vascular anastomosis. Because of the efficient, safe immunosuppression possible with FK506, our BTx technique could find clinical application for creating viable vesical tissue that could be used for BA.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Surgery, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yamataka
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hosoda
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Miyahara
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sueyoshi
authors.forename: G J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Lane
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Miyano
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D006084:Graft Rejection / Q000517:prevention & control; D006085:Graft Survival / Q000502:physiology; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D051381:Rats; D011914:Rats, Inbred BN; D011917:Rats, Inbred Lew; D016559:Tacrolimus / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000637:transplantation*
chemical_list: D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D016559:Tacrolimus