title: Development of echogenic, plasmid-incorporated, tissue-targeted cationic liposomes that can be used for directed gene delivery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Echogenic antibody-conjugated anionic liposomes have been developed that allow directed tissue targeting and acoustic enhancement. These are not efficient for gene delivery. A cationic formulation that allows directed gene delivery while retaining acoustic properties may provide more efficient transfection.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cationic liposomes were prepared and acoustic reflectivity was determined. Anti-fibrinogen-conjugated liposomes were laid on fibrin-coated slides and adherence was quantified using fluorescence techniques. Liposomes were combined with a reporter gene and plated on cell cultures. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells were stimulated to upregulate intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and were treated with anti-ICAM-1-conjugated liposomes, and gene expression was quantified.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cationic liposomes retained their acoustic reflectivity and demonstrated specific adherence to fibrin under flow conditions. Significant transfection of human umbilical vein endothelial cells was demonstrated, with higher gene expression seen with specific antibody-conjugated liposomes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Novel acoustic cationic liposomes have been developed that can be antibody conjugated for site-specific adherence and directed cell modification. This presents exciting potential for a vector that allows tissue enhancement and targeted gene delivery.
authors.affiliation: Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, Illinois, USA. s-tiukinhoy@northwestern.edu
authors.forename: S D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Tiukinhoy
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Mahowald
authors.forename: V P
authors.initials: VP
authors.lastname: Shively
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nagaraj
authors.forename: B J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Kane
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Klegerman
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: MacDonald
authors.forename: D D
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: McPherson
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Matsumura
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000166:cytology; D018390:Gene Targeting; D017930:Genes, Reporter; D015316:Genetic Therapy; D006801:Humans; D008081:Liposomes; D010957:Plasmids; D011817:Rabbits
chemical_list: D008081:Liposomes