title: Cost analysis of a hospital-at-home initiative using discrete event simulation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine whether, from a National Health Service (NHS) and local authority social services' viewpoint, a hospital-at-home service was cost saving compared with conventional inpatient care.
  
  
  METHODS
  The subjects of this part-retrospective and part-prospective cost analysis were 51 elderly medical and orthopaedic surgical patients assessed at Hillingdon Hospital, West London, as being suitable for hospital-at-home care. Thirty patients received hospital-at-home care, provided for up to 14 days, while 21 patients remained in hospital and received standard inpatient care. All direct costs to the NHS hospital, community health services' provider and social services' department during the initial episode of care and the three months after discharge were collected for each group of patients. Costs and clinical event data were entered in a discrete event simulation model which generated baseline results. Uncertainty surrounding the model's parameters was explored using sensitivity analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The baseline simulation performed with 1000 patients in each group showed the mean cost per patient for hospital-at-home care and three-month follow-up to be around three-fifths the mean cost per patient of inpatient care and follow-up. Most of the excess cost in the inpatient group was attributable to the initial period of hospitalisation. Under all assumptions used in the sensitivity analysis, the hospital-at-home service was less costly.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  For elderly patients assessed as needing no more than 14 days of hospital care, hospital-at-home care is cost saving to health and social care agencies when compared with conventional inpatient care.
authors.affiliation: Health Economics Research Group, Brunel University, Uxbridge, Middlesex UB8 3PH, UK.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Campbell
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Karnon
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Dowie
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D003198:Computer Simulation; D017048:Health Care Costs / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006302:Health Services Research / Q000379:methods; D018575:Home Care Services, Hospital-Based / Q000191:economics*; D017721:Hospital Costs / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006760:Hospitalization / Q000191:economics*; D006779:Hospitals, Public / Q000191:economics; D006801:Humans; D008131:London; D008875:Middle Aged; D017059:Models, Econometric; D009985:Orthopedics / Q000191:economics; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013222:State Medicine / Q000191:economics; D019467:Subacute Care / Q000191:economics*