title: Comparison of binding of tetraphenylborate and tetraphenylphosphonium ions to cyclodextrins studied by capillary electrophoresis.
abstract: Binding constants for tetraphenylborate and tetraphenylphosphonium ions (Ph4B- and Ph4P+) to cyclodextrins (CDs) to give 1:1 host-guest complexes have been measured using capillary electrophoresis. Mobilities of the ions as a function of gamma-CD concentration give binding constants, K, of 1.08 x 10(5) M-1 for Ph4B- and 0.6 x 10(1) M-1 for Ph4P+. This dramatic difference of four orders of magnitude in binding constants is not seen with beta-CD (K = 7.7 x 10(1) M-1 for Ph4B- and 3.7 x 10(1) M-1 for Ph4P+) or dimethyl (DM)-beta-CD (K = 46 x 10(1) M-1 for Ph4B-1 and 7.7 x 10(1) M-1 for Ph4P+). The crystal and hydrodynamic radii of the ions, the latter calculated from their absolute mobilities, indicate that Ph4B- is smaller than the gamma-CD cavity, whereas Ph4P+ is approximately the gamma-CD cavity size. Results suggest that Ph4B- fits exactly into a gamma-CD cavity, with hydrophobic contacts involving several of the phenyl rings, whereas Ph4P+ is too large to enable these multiple contacts to be made. When only a single phenyl ring can fit into the CD cavity, binding strengths are in the order DM-beta-CD > beta-CD > gamma-CD and Ph4B- > Ph4P+. Measurement of electrophoretic mobilities of the complexes shows that their hydrodynamic radii are in the order gamma-CD < beta-CD approximately DM-beta-CD for Ph4B- and gamma-CD > beta-CD approximately DM-beta-CD for Ph4P+.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of York, York, UK.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nhujak
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Goodall
mesh_terms: D003505:Cyclodextrins / Q000737:chemistry*; D019075:Electrophoresis, Capillary / Q000379:methods; D007477:Ions; D015394:Molecular Structure; D009861:Onium Compounds / Q000737:chemistry*; D009943:Organophosphorus Compounds / Q000737:chemistry*; D013775:Tetraphenylborate / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D003505:Cyclodextrins; D007477:Ions; D009861:Onium Compounds; D009943:Organophosphorus Compounds; D013775:Tetraphenylborate; C013289:tetraphenylphosphonium