title: The imprinted H19 gene is a marker of early recurrence in human bladder carcinoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the expression of the imprinted oncofetal H19 gene in human bladder carcinoma and to examine the possibility of using it as a tumour marker, similar to other oncofetal gene products.
  
  
  METHODS
  In situ hybridisation for H19 RNA was performed on 61 first biopsies of bladder carcinoma from Hadassah Medical Centre in Jerusalem. The intensity of the reaction and the number of tumour cells expressing H19 in each biopsy were evaluated in 56 patients, excluding biopsies with carcinoma in situ. The medical files were searched for demographic data and disease free survival.
  
  
  RESULTS
  More than 5% of cells expressed H19 in 47 of the 56 (84%) biopsies. There was a decrease in the number of cells expressing H19 with increasing tumour grade (loss of differentiation) (p = 0.03). Disease free survival from the first biopsy to first recurrence was significantly shorter in patients with tumours having a larger fraction of H19 expressing cells, controlling for tumour grade. This was also supported by the selective analysis of tumour recurrence in patients with grade I tumours.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It might be possible to use H19 as a prognostic tumour marker for the early recurrence of bladder cancer. In addition, for the gene therapy of bladder carcinoma that is based on the transcriptional regulatory sequences of H19, the expression of H19 in an individual biopsy could be considered a predictive tumour marker for selecting those patients who would benefit from this form of treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and the Quantitative Molecular Pathology Unit, Hadassah Medical Centre and the Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, PO Box 24035, il-91240, Israel. ariel@hadassah.org.il
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Ariel
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sughayer
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fellig
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pizov
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ayesh
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Podeh
authors.forename: B A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Libdeh
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Levy
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Birman
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Tykocinski
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: de Groot
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hochberg
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism*; D002295:Carcinoma, Transitional Cell / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005260:Female; D018392:Genomic Imprinting; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D062085:RNA, Long Noncoding; D022661:RNA, Untranslated / Q000378:metabolism*; D012008:Recurrence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; C094335:H19 long non-coding RNA; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D062085:RNA, Long Noncoding; D022661:RNA, Untranslated