title: [Oncologic treatment of oto-neuro-ophthalmological metastases and their complications].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cerebral metastases and the sequelae of their treatment are the major cause of neurological symptoms in patients with cancer.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  In this article we review the oto-neuro-ophthalmological complications of the treatment of metastases with radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  When speaking of the iatrogenic diseases caused by radiotherapy treatment of metastases, it is important to emphasize that the major complications of this form of treatment are seen in the long term, in general, months or years later. When dealing with incurable diseases, such as most metastatic cancers, the benefit/risk balance of each therapeutic option has to be taken into account. Thus we have a population of patients with symptoms secondary to metastatic involvement, and with an overall life expectancy which may be measured in months. The oto-neuro-ophthalmological toxicity of the chemotherapy may present as an infrequent and unexpected complication or as a usual, expected secondary effect of the drug used. A large variety of drugs are used for the systemic control of cancer (cystostatic drugs, hormones and modifiers of the biological response) which, in one way or another, may cause neurological signs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The increasingly frequent use of high dose chemotherapy and of the combined use of chemotherapy and radiotherapy mean that these types of toxicity have become common clinical syndromes in current oncological practices.
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Oncología, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Reus, Tarragona, España.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Borràs
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gumà
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Lainez
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Villar
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sabater
mesh_terms: D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones / Q000009:adverse effects; D000328:Adult; D000964:Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic / Q000009:adverse effects; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018906:Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating / Q000009:adverse effects; D018931:Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal / Q000009:adverse effects; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology; D001927:Brain Diseases / Q000209:etiology; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000556:secondary / Q000601:surgery; D002386:Cataract / Q000209:etiology; D017024:Chemotherapy, Adjuvant / Q000009:adverse effects; D002648:Child; D002830:Choroid Neoplasms / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000556:secondary; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D003315:Cornea / Q000528:radiation effects; D016371:Cranial Irradiation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D003704:Dementia / Q000209:etiology; D006258:Head and Neck Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000556:secondary* / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D008577:Meningeal Neoplasms / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000556:secondary; D009336:Necrosis; D010166:Palliative Care; D011832:Radiation Injuries / Q000209:etiology; D018714:Radiotherapy, Adjuvant / Q000009:adverse effects; D012306:Risk; D016879:Salvage Therapy / Q000009:adverse effects; D019292:Skull Base Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000556:secondary / Q000601:surgery; D020521:Stroke / Q000209:etiology; D014786:Vision Disorders / Q000209:etiology
chemical_list: D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones; D000964:Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D018906:Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating; D018931:Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal
vernacular_title: Tratamiento oncológico de las metástasis otoneuroftalmológicas y sus complicaciones.