title: Results of continual devaluation of cardiothoracic surgical codes by the HCFA between 1984 and 1999.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The devaluation of surgical procedural services by Medicare began in 1989 as a result of the federal government's adoption of the Resource Based Relative Value Scale, a method of redistribution of payments to physicians from surgical to primary care services. This method gave to the Health Care Financing Administration (HCFA) effective and complete control of Medicare payments to physicians for the first time. The resultant decrease in the nominal dollar value is well understood, but the effect of changes in inflation frequently is not calculated into the reported loss.
  
  
  METHODS
  A method of determining the true extent of this devaluation using the nominal dollar decrease plus the effect of inflation was presented in 1995.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Since then, repeated devaluation by the HCFA and other third parties plus continual inflation has further eroded the remuneration for cardiothoracic surgical services. Three different sets of data are used to determine the devaluation of five cardiothoracic operations. One set shows the change between 1988 and 1998; one the change between 1988 and 1999; and one the change between 1984 and 1999.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Depending on the geographic location, it appears that the remuneration for pulmonary procedures between 1988 and 1999 decreased 35% to 60%. Similarly, depending on the years reviewed (between 1984 and 1999) and the geographic location, the fee for cardiac procedures decreased 46% to 69%.
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Haugen
authors.forename: G E
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Miller
mesh_terms: D001021:Aortic Valve; D013504:Cardiovascular Surgical Procedures / Q000145:classification / Q000191:economics*; D014487:Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, U.S.; D001026:Coronary Artery Bypass / Q000191:economics; D006350:Heart Valve Prosthesis / Q000191:economics; D006801:Humans; D007250:Inflation, Economic; D015442:Medicare Assignment / Q000191:economics / Q000639:trends*; D008943:Mitral Valve; D011013:Pneumonectomy / Q000191:economics; D015895:Relative Value Scales; D019616:Thoracic Surgical Procedures / Q000145:classification / Q000191:economics*; D014481:United States