title: Modulation of organ ICAM-1 expression during IV-TPN with glutamine and bombesin.
abstract: The gut primes neutrophils (PMNs) during injury, which can then induce distant organ damage after a second insult. ICAM-1 is an important adhesion molecule in PMN attachment to the vascular endothelium. Parenteral nutrition (TPN) decreases gut levels of interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-10, two cytokines that are normal inhibitors of ICAM-1 expression. TPN also increases gut ICAM-1 expression and PMN accumulation. Since glutamine (GLN) and bombesin (BBS) prevent TPN-associated impairment of mucosal immunity, we hypothesized that GLN and BBS would modulate organ ICAM-1 expression in association with normalization of IL-4 and IL-10 levels. Forty-four mice were fed chow, TPN, or GLN-TPN (isonitrogenous 2% GLN-enriched TPN). After 5 days of diets, ICAM-1 expression was quantified in organs using the dual radiolabeled monoclonal antibody technique. In the next experiment, 29 mice were fed chow, TPN, or BBS-TPN (BBS 15 microg/kg TID) for 5 days to measure organ ICAM-1 expression. Total IL-4 and IL-10 levels were measured with ELISA from intestinal homogenates of another set of 52 mice fed chow, TPN, GLN-TPN, or BBS-TPN. TPN significantly increased ICAM-1 expression in the lung, kidney, and intestine compared with chow mice. GLN-TPN decreased intestinal, but not lung, ICAM-1 expression, while BBS-TPN reduced pulmonary, but not gut, ICAM-1 levels. GLN- and BBS-TPN returned gut IL-4 levels to normal, but failed to increase IL-10 levels. GLN and BBS had different effects on organ ICAM-1 expression induced by lack of enteral nutrition. Mechanisms other than recovery of IL-4 alone may be responsible for gut ICAM-1 expression.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, The University of Tennessee, Memphis, USA.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fukatsu
authors.forename: A H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Lundberg
authors.forename: K A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Kudsk
authors.forename: M K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Hanna
authors.forename: C D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: H G
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Wilcox
authors.forename: B L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Zarzaur
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D001839:Bombesin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005973:Glutamine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism*; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000378:metabolism; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000378:metabolism; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism; D007422:Intestines / Q000187:drug effects; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D010288:Parenteral Nutrition
chemical_list: D005973:Glutamine; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1; D016753:Interleukin-10; D015847:Interleukin-4; D001839:Bombesin