title: Winter mortality in relation to climate.
abstract: We report further details of the Eurowinter survey of cold related mortalities and protective measures against cold in seven regions of Europe, and review these with other evidence on the relationship of winter mortality to climate. Data for the oldest subject group studied, aged 65-74, showed that in this vulnerable group, high levels of protection against indoor and outdoor cold at given outdoor temperatures were found mainly in countries with cold winters, and were associated with low levels of excess mortality at a given level of outdoor cold. Regions such as London that had poor protection against cold and/or high baseline mortalities had higher levels of winter excess mortality than expected for the coldness of their winters.
authors.affiliation: Queen Mary and Westfield College, London, UK. w.r.keatinge@qmw.ac.uk
authors.forename: W R
authors.initials: WR
authors.lastname: Keatinge
authors.forename: G C
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Donaldson
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Bucher
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Jendritzky
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Cordioli
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Martinelli
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Katsouyanni
authors.forename: A E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Kunst
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: McDonald
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Näyhä
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Vuori
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D003080:Cold Temperature / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000517:prevention & control; D005060:Europe / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D009026:Mortality; D012307:Risk Factors; D012621:Seasons; D013312:Stress, Physiological / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality