title: A prospective study comparing i.m. ketorolac with i.m. meperidine in the treatment of acute biliary colic.
abstract: Ketorolac is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medication that is used widely for pain management. Its effects are mediated through the inhibition of prostaglandins, which makes it uniquely different from opioids in relieving pain. We conducted a randomized, prospective, double blind study of patients presenting to our Emergency Department (ED) with a diagnosis of acute biliary colic. Study patients were randomized into one of two treatment groups, meperidine 1.5 mg/kg with a maximum dose of 100 mg or ketorolac 60 mg given intramuscularly (i.m.). The patients rated their pain before and 30 min after medication on a scale of 1 to 10 using a Visual Analog Pain Scale. Overall pain relief was compared between the two groups using a two-sample t test. Thirty patients were enrolled in the study, 16 in the ketorolac group and 14 in the meperidine group. Patients ranged in age from 18 to 71 years and 6 (20%) were male. The average pain score at time 0 was 7.6 for the ketorolac group and 7.3 for the meperidine group. Pain relief at time 30 min was 3.8 in the ketorolac group and 3.9 in the meperidine group, which was not statistically different. The mean global pain score and need for an emergency cholecystectomy were similar in the two groups. Rescue medication for additional analgesia at 30 min was needed in 4 patients in the meperidine group and in 2 patients in the ketorolac group (28.6% versus 12.5%, respectively; NS). In this study of patients with acute biliary colic there was no significant difference in the pain relief achieved by using either ketorolac or meperidine.
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, Geisinger Medical Center, Danville, PA 17822, USA.
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Dula
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.forename: G C
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Wood
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001660:Biliary Tract Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy*; D003085:Colic / Q000188:drug therapy*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007273:Injections, Intramuscular; D020910:Ketorolac / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D008614:Meperidine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D008614:Meperidine; D020910:Ketorolac