title: Multiresidual method for the gas chromatographic analysis of pesticides in honeybees cleaned by gel permeation chromatography.
abstract: The analysis of several organophosphorus and carbamate pesticide residues in the bodies of honeybees using gas chromatography (GC) and gel permeation chromatography (GPC) clean-up is described. Freeze-dried or lyophilized insect samples were blended with diatomaceous earth (Extrelut) then underwent elution with methylene chloride. This extraction method has shown good recovery on various spike standard levels. Samples are cleaned up by GPC with a Bio Beads SX 3 column and a cyclohexane-ethylacetate (1:1) eluant. Organophosphorus and carbamate compounds are quantified using capillary gas chromatography. Good linearity ranges were observed for all compounds. The extraction process was rapid and results were good, despite the complexity of the matrix on which it was applied. It allowed a reduction both in cost and the consumption of solvents, thereby safeguarding the health of the analyst and the environment. Environmental monitoring using bees was confirmed to be a valid procedure.
authors.affiliation: Istituto di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rossi
authors.forename: A P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Dalpero
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ghini
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Colombo
authors.forename: A G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Sabatini
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Girotti
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001516:Bees; D002849:Chromatography, Gas / Q000379:methods*; D002850:Chromatography, Gel / Q000379:methods*; D010573:Pesticide Residues / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D010573:Pesticide Residues