title: Transcaruncular approach to medial canthal tendon plication for lower eyelid laxity.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A new operation to correct lower eyelid laxity was evaluated.
  
  
  METHODS
  A new transcaruncular, orbital approach to posterior medial canthal tendon plication was performed on eight orbits of four cadavers, which were then analyzed with computed tomography or histologic techniques. The procedure was also performed on 23 eyelids of 15 patients with lower eyelid medial canthal tendon laxity, alone or in conjunction with other procedures. These patients were followed up for a mean of 12 months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Improved postoperative eyelid position, epiphora, and superficial punctate keratopathy were found. Radiographic and histologic analysis demonstrated consistency of suture placement without involvement of contiguous anatomical structures.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This procedure appears to be a safe, reproducible, and effective corrective procedure for medial canthal tendon laxity and lagophthalmos. When combined with lateral lower eyelid tightening, it is also an effective treatment for lower eyelid retraction and superficial punctate keratopathy. Other potential advantages and complications of this procedure are described in comparison to other reported surgical methods used to address medial canthal tendon laxity and malpositions of the medial lower eyelid.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, USA.
authors.forename: R G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Fante
authors.forename: V M
authors.initials: VM
authors.lastname: Elner
mesh_terms: D019882:Blepharoplasty / Q000379:methods*; D001763:Blepharoptosis / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009915:Orbit / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013536:Suture Techniques; D013710:Tendons / Q000601:surgery*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed