title: The impact of simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplantation on long-term patient survival.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplantation (SPK) ameliorates the progression of microvascular diabetic complications but the procedure is associated with excess initial morbidity and an uncertain effect on patient survival when compared with solitary cadaveric or living donor renal transplantation. We evaluated mortality risks associated with SPK, solitary renal transplantation, and dialysis treatment in a national cohort of type 1 diabetics with end-stage nephropathy.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 13,467 adult-type 1 diabetics enrolled on the renal and renal-pancreas transplant waiting list between 10/01/88 and 06/30/97 were followed until 06/30/98. Time-dependent mortality risks and life expectancy were calculated according to the treatment received subsequent to wait-list registration: SPK; cadaveric kidney only (CAD); living donor kidney only (LKD) transplantation; and dialysis [wait-listed, maintenance dialysis treatment (WLD)].
  
  
  RESULTS
  Adjusted 10-year patient survival was 67% for SPK vs. 65% for LKD recipients (P=0.19) and 46% for CAD recipients (P<0.001). The excess initial mortality normally associated with renal transplantation and the risk of early infectious death was 2-fold higher in SPK recipients. The time to achieve equal proportion of survivors as the WLD patients was 170, 95, and 72 days for SPK, CAD, and LKD recipients, respectively (P<0.001). However, the adjusted 5-year morality risk (RR) using WLD as the reference and the expected remaining life years were 0.40, 0.45, and 0.75 and 23.4, 20.9, and 12.6 years for SPK, LKD, and CAD, respectively. There was no survival benefit in SPK recipients > or =50 years old (RR=1.38, P=0.81).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Among patients with type 1 DM with end-stage nephropathy, SPK transplantation before the age of 50 years was associated with long-term improvement in survival compared to solitary cadaveric renal transplantation or dialysis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 48109-0364, USA.
authors.forename: A O
authors.initials: AO
authors.lastname: Ojo
authors.forename: H U
authors.initials: HU
authors.lastname: Meier-Kriesche
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Hanson
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Leichtman
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Magee
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Cibrik
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Wolfe
authors.forename: F K
authors.initials: FK
authors.lastname: Port
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Agodoa
authors.forename: D B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Kaufman
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kaplan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003404:Creatinine / Q000652:urine; D005260:Female; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000401:mortality*; D008297:Male; D016035:Pancreas Transplantation / Q000401:mortality*; D015996:Survival Rate
chemical_list: D006454:Hemoglobins; D003404:Creatinine