title: Double blind, randomised controlled clinical trial of hypo-osmolar oral rehydration salt solution in dehydrating acute diarrhoea in severely malnourished (marasmic) children.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the clinical efficacy of hypo-osmolar oral rehydration salt (ORS) solution (224 mmol/l) and standard ORS solution (311 mmol/l) in severely malnourished (marasmic) children having less than 60% Harvard standard weight for age with dehydrating acute watery diarrhoea.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a double blind, randomised, controlled trial, 64 children aged 6-48 months were randomly assigned standard (n = 32) or hypo-osmolar ORS (n = 32).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Stool output (52.3 v 96.6 g/kg/day), duration of diarrhoea (41.5 v 66.4 hours), intake of ORS (111.5 v 168.9 ml/kg/day), and fluid intake (214.6 v 278.3 ml/kg/day) were significantly less in the hypo-osmolar group than in the standard ORS group. Percentage of weight gain on recovery in the hypo-osmolar group was also significantly less (4.3 v 5.4% of admission weight) than in the standard ORS group. A total of 29 (91%) children in the standard ORS group and 32 (100%) children in the hypo-osmolar group recovered within five days of initiation of therapy. Mean serum sodium and potassium concentrations on recovery were within the normal range in both groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings suggest that hypo-osmolar ORS has beneficial effects on the clinical course of dehydrating acute watery diarrhoea in severely malnourished (marasmic) children. Furthermore, children did not become hyponatraemic after receiving hypo-osmolar ORS.
authors.affiliation: Division of Clinical Medicine, National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, P-33, CIT Road Scheme XM, Beliaghata, Calcutta 700 010, India. niced@cal2.vsnl.net.in
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Dutta
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Mitra
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Manna
authors.forename: S K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Niyogi
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Roy
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mondal
authors.forename: S K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Bhattacharya
mesh_terms: D002675:Child, Preschool; D003967:Diarrhea / Q000150:complications / Q000628:therapy*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005440:Fluid Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D009994:Osmolar Concentration; D011502:Protein-Energy Malnutrition / Q000150:complications*; D015532:Rehydration Solutions / Q000737:chemistry*; D012965:Sodium Chloride / Q000737:chemistry*; D016019:Survival Analysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D015532:Rehydration Solutions; D012965:Sodium Chloride