title: Prevalence and prognostic importance of hypomagnesemia and hypocalcemia in horses that have colic surgery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the prevalence of hypomagnesemia and hypocalcemia in horses with surgical colic.
  
  
  METHODS
  35 horses with surgically managed colic.
  
  
  METHODS
  Serum concentrations of total magnesium (tMg2+) and calcium (tCa2+), as well as ionized magnesium (iMg2+) and calcium (iCa2+) were analyzed before surgery and 1, 3, 5, and 7 days following surgery. A lead-II ECG and pertinent clinical data were also obtained at each time.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Preoperative serum tMg2+ and iMg2+ concentrations were below the reference range in 6 (17%) and 19 (54%) horses, respectively. Serum concentrations of tCa2+ and iCa2+ were less than the reference range in 20 (57%) and 30 (86%) horses before surgery. Horses with strangulating lesions of the gastrointestinal tract had significantly lower preoperative serum concentrations of iMg2+ and iCa2+, as well as a higher heart rate than horses with nonstrangulating lesions. Horses that developed postoperative ileus had significantly lower serum concentrations of iMg2+ after surgery. Serum concentrations of magnesium and calcium (total and ionized) correlated significantly with the PR, QRS, QT, and corrected QT (QTc) intervals. Horses that were euthanatized at the time of surgery (n = 7) had significantly lower preoperative serum concentrations of iMg2+, compared with horses that survived. Neither serum magnesium nor calcium concentrations were predictors of hospitalization time or survival.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hypomagnesemia and hypocalcemia were common during the perioperative period, particularly in horses with strangulating intestinal lesions and ileus. Serum concentrations of tMg2+ and tCa2+ were less sensitive than iMg2+ and iCa2+ in detecting horses with hypomagnesemia and hypocalcemia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Sciences, Tufts University School of Veterinary Medicine, North Grafton, MA 01536, USA.
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Garcia-Lopez
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Provost
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Rush
authors.forename: S C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Zicker
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Burmaster
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Freeman
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002118:Calcium / Q000097:blood; D003085:Colic / Q000601:surgery / Q000662:veterinary*; D006734:Horse Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D006736:Horses; D006996:Hypocalcemia / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000662:veterinary*; D008274:Magnesium / Q000097:blood; D008275:Magnesium Deficiency / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000662:veterinary*; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000662:veterinary*; D015995:Prevalence
chemical_list: D008274:Magnesium; D002118:Calcium