title: In vitro evaluation of VIP/PACAP receptors in healthy and diseased human tissues. Clinical implications.
abstract: The evaluation of peptide receptors in man is relevant to identifying the physiological target tissues of a given peptide and to selecting diseases with a sufficient receptor overexpression for diagnostic or therapeutic intervention. VIP/PACAP receptors have been evaluated in normal and diseased human non-neuronal tissues by using in vitro receptor autoradiography with 125I-VIP or 125I-PACAP in tissue sections. As assessed by subtype-selective VIP analogs, VIP receptors of the VPAC1 subtype are found in a wide variety of tissues including liver, breast, kidney, prostate, ureter, bladder, pancreatic ducts, gastrointestinal mucosa, lung, thyroid, adipose, and lymphoid tissues. VPAC2 receptors are predominantly found in vessels and smooth muscles, whereas PAC1 receptors are present in the adrenal medulla. VIP/PACAP receptors are expressed in the majority of the most frequently occurring human tumors, including breast, prostate, pancreas, lung, colon, stomach, liver, and bladder carcinomas, as well as lymphomas and meningiomas, predominantly as VPAC1 receptors, as do their tissues of origin. Although leiomyomas predominantly express VPAC2 receptors, glial tumors, pituitary adenomas, neuroblastomas, paragangliomas, pheochromocytomas, and endometrial carcinomas preferentially express PAC1 receptors. The very wide distribution of VIP/PACAP receptors in the normal human body is indicative of the key role of these peptides in human physiology and pathophysiology. Moreover, the receptor expression in tumors is the molecular basis for clinical applications of VIP/PACAP such as in vivo scintigraphy and radiotherapy of tumors as well as VIP/PACAP analog treatment for tumor growth inhibition.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cell Biology and Experimental Cancer Research, Institute of Pathology, University of Berne, P.O. Box 62, Murtenstrasse 31, CH-3010 Berne, Switzerland. reubi@patho.unibe.ch
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Reubi
mesh_terms: D001345:Autoradiography; D004848:Epithelium / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008297:Male; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism / Q000532:radiotherapy; D051236:Receptors, Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide; D051237:Receptors, Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide, Type I; D011979:Receptors, Pituitary Hormone / Q000819:agonists / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D018005:Receptors, Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide / Q000819:agonists / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D051239:Receptors, Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide, Type II; D051238:Receptors, Vasoactive Intestinal Polypeptide, Type I; D014018:Tissue Distribution
chemical_list: C495503:ADCYAP1R1 protein, human; D051236:Receptors, Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide; D051237:Receptors, Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide, Type I; D011979:Receptors, Pituitary Hormone; D018005:Receptors, Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide; D051239:Receptors, Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide, Type II; D051238:Receptors, Vasoactive Intestinal Polypeptide, Type I; C495506:VIPR1 protein, human; C495509:VIPR2 protein, human