title: Osmolyte and Na+ transport balances of rat hepatocytes as a function of hypertonic stress.
abstract: The initial event in the regulatory volume increase (RVI) of rat hepatocytes is an influx of Na+ that is then exchanged for K+ via stimulation of Na+/K+-adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase). In this study, we analysed the activation pattern of the Na+ transporters underlying RVI as a function of the degree of hypertonic stress. In confluent primary cultures, four hypertonic conditions were tested (changes from 300 to 327, 360, 400 or 450 mosmol/l) and the activities of Na+ conductance, Na+/H+ antiport, Na+-K+-2Cl- symport and Na+/K+-ATPase were quantified using intracellular microelectrodes, microfluorometry and time-dependent, furosemide- or ouabain-sensitive 86Rb+ uptake, respectively. Neither Na+ conductance nor Na+-K+-2Cl- symport responded to 327 mosmol/A. At 360, 400 and 450 mosmol/l, uptake via these transporters would lead to increases of cell Na+ by 33.0, 49.0 and 49.0 and by 4.5, 10.4 and 9.2 mmol/l per 10 min, respectively. In contrast, Na+/H+ antiport exhibited 65% of its maximal activation already at 327 mosmol/l. At the four osmolarities tested, this transporter would augment cell Na+ by 6.9, 8.9, 9.8 and 10.6 mmol/l per 10 min. The sums of Na+ import were consistent with the amounts of Na+ exported via Na+/K+-ATPase plus the actual increases of cell Na+ (21.2, 58.5, 63.6 and 68.3 mmol/l per 10 min and 2.2, 4.0, 6.3 and 8.2 mmol/l, respectively). In addition, these elevations of cell Na+ plus the increases of cell K+ (via Na+/K+-ATPase) that amounted to 5.0, 6.5, 17.5 and 18.4 mmol/l were consistent with the increases of intracellular osmotic (cationic) activity of 2.5, 11.5, 21.0 and 28.5 mmol/l, respectively, computed from RVI data. It is concluded that the principle of rat hepatocyte RVI, i.e. an initial uptake of Na+ that is then exchanged for K+ via Na+/K+-ATPase, is realized over the entire range of 9-50% hypertonicity tested. The set-point for the activation of RVI clearly lies below 327 mosmol/l. Na+/H+ antiport is the most sensitive Na+ importer involved in RVI, whereas Na+ conductance plays the prominent role from 360 mosmol/l upwards.
authors.affiliation: Max-Planck-Institut für molekulare Physiologie, Abteilung Epithelphysiologie, Dortmund, Germany. frank.wehner@mpi-dortmund.mpg.de
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Wehner
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tinel
mesh_terms: D000584:Amiloride / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D001692:Biological Transport; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D048429:Cell Size; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004553:Electric Conductivity; D005665:Furosemide / Q000494:pharmacology; D022781:Hepatocytes / Q000378:metabolism*; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D006982:Hypertonic Solutions; D008839:Microelectrodes; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D009994:Osmolar Concentration; D011188:Potassium / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D012414:Rubidium Radioisotopes / Q000378:metabolism; D012964:Sodium / Q000378:metabolism*; D017923:Sodium-Hydrogen Exchangers / Q000378:metabolism; D028021:Sodium-Potassium-Chloride Symporters; D000254:Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase / Q000378:metabolism; D013312:Stress, Physiological
chemical_list: D002352:Carrier Proteins; D006982:Hypertonic Solutions; D012414:Rubidium Radioisotopes; D017923:Sodium-Hydrogen Exchangers; D028021:Sodium-Potassium-Chloride Symporters; D000584:Amiloride; D005665:Furosemide; D012964:Sodium; D000254:Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase; D011188:Potassium