title: Preoperative gentamicin eye drops and chlorhexidine solution in cataract surgery. Experimental and clinical results.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  1) To evaluate the effects on the conjunctival flora of gentamicin ophthalmic eye drops 0.3%, given four times in 45 minutes, and a conjunctival rinse with 10 ml chlorhexidine 0.05% solution. 2) To investigate retrospectively the rate of endophthalmitis after cataract operations when these antimicrobials were applied preoperatively.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventy-six patients undergoing standard phacoemulsification operations were enrolled in the experimental part of the study. Cultures were taken preoperatively, 5 minutes after prophylaxis with either chlorhexidine or gentamicin. To assess the combined effects of chlorhexidine and gentamicin, cultures were taken after the cataract operation. Hospital charts were reviewed for cases of endophthalmitis in 1994 and 1995, when this prophylactic protocol was used at the St Erik's cataract surgery department.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The conjunctival microflora was significantly suppressed by chlorhexidine rinsing alone (p = 0.001), while no other significant anti-bacterial effects were observed with the experimental prophylaxis. The endophthalmitis rate was 32/12. 806 operations (0.25%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Topical rinsing with chlorhexidine solution suppresses conjunctival flora in the short term. Combined topical chlorhexidine and gentamicin prophylaxis does not eliminate postoperative endophthalmitis caused by gram-positive bacteria.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, St Erik's Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: P G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Montan
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Setterquist
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Marcusson
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rylander
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Ransjö
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D019072:Antibiotic Prophylaxis; D002710:Chlorhexidine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003228:Conjunctiva / Q000187:drug effects / Q000382:microbiology; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D009877:Endophthalmitis / Q000209:etiology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005260:Female; D005839:Gentamicins / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006094:Gram-Positive Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009883:Ophthalmic Solutions; D018918:Phacoemulsification / Q000009:adverse effects; D011300:Preoperative Care; D012189:Retrospective Studies
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local; D005839:Gentamicins; D009883:Ophthalmic Solutions; D002710:Chlorhexidine