title: [Analysis of inadvertent epidural injection of drugs].
abstract: We asked 31 anesthesiologists, who were on the Japanese Board of Anesthesiology, about inadvertent injection of drugs into the epidural space, and received answers from 28 (90%). Fifteen (54%) had an experience of inadvertent epidural injection, and five of them had two experiences. Injected drugs were ephedrine (6 times), a mixture of neostigmine and atropine (3), thiopental (2), etilefrine (2), vecuronium (1), suxamethonium (1), bicarbonate (1), midazolam (1), lactated Ringer's solution (1), nicardipine (1), and pentazocine (1). The inadvertent injection of thiopental or bicarbonate was noticed by back pain during injection. No treatment was added after the inadvertent injections, except a patient with an epidural steroid injection following thiopental. No neurological complications were found in any patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Miyazaki Medical College, Miyazaki 889-1692.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kasaba
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Uehara
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Katsuki
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ono
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Takasaki
mesh_terms: D000767:Anesthesia, Epidural; D000776:Anesthesiology; D001285:Atropine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D004809:Ephedrine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans; D007268:Injections, Epidural / Q000009:adverse effects; D007430:Intraoperative Care; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D019300:Medical Errors / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D009388:Neostigmine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013874:Thiopental / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects
chemical_list: D009388:Neostigmine; D001285:Atropine; D004809:Ephedrine; D013874:Thiopental