title: Determination of lumbar muscular activity in helicopter pilots: a new approach.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Discomfort in the lumbar region is a frequent complaint of helicopter pilots. Two factors that helicopter crewmembers relate to back pain are exposure to vibration and poor posture during flight, because during flight the seat and controls force the pilot to adopt an asymmetric posture. Repeated exposure to these adverse flight conditions could cause pathological changes in the spine. The purpose of this study was to compare right and left sided lumbar muscular activity in helicopter pilots under real flight conditions, using surface electromyography (SEMG) to demonstrate the effects of asymmetrical posture on the musculoskeletal system. An attempt was also made to correlate lumbar muscular activity with environmental factors and such variables as type of flight, type of helicopter, duration of flight, age, physical fitness, and height.
  
  
  METHODS
  Right- and left-sided lumbar electrical activity were measured using two-channel SEMG during 35 flights in 2 types of helicopter and a cockpit mock-up.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was a statistically significant increase in right-sided lumbar activity when related to the duration of flight.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The data showed that when the pilot used the manual controls during flight, he did not maintain a symmetrical posture and contracted one side more than the other. We think the relationship between the greatest right-sided contraction and flight duration is due to maintaining an asymmetric posture over a long period. We also noted a tendency towards greater right lumbar musculature activity in older pilots.
authors.affiliation: Centro Instrucción Medicina Aeroespacial, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Lopez-Lopez
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Vallejo
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Rios-Tejada
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Jimenez
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Sierra
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Garcia-Mora
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000337:Aerospace Medicine; D000401:Aircraft; D004576:Electromyography / Q000379:methods*; D006804:Ergonomics; D006801:Humans; D017116:Low Back Pain / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D008161:Lumbosacral Region; D008297:Male; D008889:Military Personnel; D009068:Movement; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000502:physiology*; D011187:Posture