title: Inhibitors of the Cl-/HCO3- exchanger activate an anion channel with similar features in the epithelial cells of rabbit gallbladder: patch-clamp analysis.
abstract: The stilbene- and dipyridamole-sensitive Cl-conductance (GCl), non-additively activated by some inhibitors of the Cl-/HCO3- exchanger (hydrochlorothiazide, phlorizin, phenylglyoxal) after the exchanger inhibition in the apical plasma membrane of rabbit gallbladder epithelium, has been investigated by patch-clamp technique with cell-attached and inside-out configurations. No Cl- channels were observed under basal conditions or after treatment with 2.5 x 10(-4) mol/l 8-Br-cAMP or hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) on the cytosolic side. Conversely, with 2.5 x 10(-4) mol/l HCTZ or 2 mmol/l phlorizin in the pipette, a non-rectifying Cl- channel with about 5 pS conductance and 0.3-0.4 voltage-independent open probability was observed; it was inhibited by 10(-4) - 5 x 10(-4) mol/l SITS, 10(-4) mol/l furosemide or 0.6 x 10(-4) mol/l dipyridamole; the effects of HCTZ and phlorizin were not additive. Open probability increased from 0 (after seal formation) to a maximum of 0.3-0.4 reached in 7-9 min. Similar results were obtained with both configurations. With the cell-attached configuration, HCTZ added to the bath did not activate Cl- channels in the patch. The channel was shown to exclude cations, to be selective for Cl-, but also conductive for gluconate (PGluc/PCl = 0.18). On this basis, it is concluded that: (1) GCl, activated either by HCTZ or phlorizin, has the same underlying anion channels, (2) the channels can be activated only on the external side of the membrane, also in the absence of cytoplasm, without cellular mediations or effects at a distance along the membrane, (3) the channels are inhibited by the same drugs which inhibit the very small intrinsic anion conductance of the exchanger, (4) they are either related to a slow conversion of inhibited exchangers into channels or, less probably, they are parallel to the exchanger and slowly activated by intra-membrane (or membrane-bound) mediators in their turn activated by near, inhibited exchangers.
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Fisiologia e Biochimica Generali, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Meyer
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Porta
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Garavaglia
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Cremaschi
mesh_terms: D015124:8-Bromo Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D000838:Anions; D017920:Antiporters / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D018118:Chloride Channels / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D027963:Chloride-Bicarbonate Antiporters; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000648:ultrastructure; D005704:Gallbladder / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D005942:Gluconates / Q000378:metabolism; D006852:Hydrochlorothiazide / Q000494:pharmacology; D007473:Ion Channels / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D018408:Patch-Clamp Techniques; D010658:Phenylglyoxal / Q000494:pharmacology; D010695:Phlorhizin / Q000494:pharmacology; D011817:Rabbits
chemical_list: D000838:Anions; D017920:Antiporters; D018118:Chloride Channels; D027963:Chloride-Bicarbonate Antiporters; D005942:Gluconates; D007473:Ion Channels; D006852:Hydrochlorothiazide; D015124:8-Bromo Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate; D010695:Phlorhizin; D010658:Phenylglyoxal; C030691:gluconic acid