title: Orbital malignant fibrous histiocytoma following irradiation for retinoblastoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  An unusual case is reported of orbital malignant fibrous histiocytoma that developed after irradiation for retinoblastoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  Case report.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A 5-month-old girl underwent enucleation of the left eye, external beam irradiation of the right eye, and systemic chemotherapy for bilateral sporadic retinoblastoma. At age 17 years, a malignant fibrous histiocytoma developed in the medial aspect of the orbit and nasal cavity. After attempted excisional biopsy, she underwent craniofacial resection, orbital exenteration, maxillectomy, and tracheostomy. The patient was alive 12 months postoperatively without local or metastatic disease.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although orbital fibrous histiocytoma occurs usually as a primary tumor of adulthood, it can also develop as a secondary tumor after irradiation for retinoblastoma.
authors.affiliation: Oncology Service, Wills Eye Hospital, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107, USA.
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Shields
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Husson
authors.forename: C L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Shields
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Krema
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Eagle
authors.forename: A D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Singh
mesh_terms: D001706:Biopsy; D005260:Female; D018219:Histiocytoma, Benign Fibrous / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008437:Maxilla / Q000601:surgery; D009381:Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D017233:Orbit Evisceration; D009918:Orbital Neoplasms / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D019572:Retinal Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D012175:Retinoblastoma / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy*