title: Dairy calcium is related to changes in body composition during a two-year exercise intervention in young women.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Relationships between micronutrients and dairy product intake and changes in body weight and composition over two years were investigated.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two year prospective non-concurrent analysis of the effect of calcium intake on changes in body composition during a two year exercise intervention.
  
  
  METHODS
  54 normal weight young women, 18 to 31 years of age.
  
  
  METHODS
  Mean intakes of nutrients of interest were determined from three-day diet records completed at baseline and every six months for two years. The change in total body weight and body composition (assessed by dual x-ray absorptiometry) from baseline to two years was also determined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Total calcium/kilocalories and vitamin A together predicted (negatively and positively, respectively) changes in body weight (R2 = 0.19) and body fat (R2 = 0.27). Further, there was an interaction of calcium and energy intake in predicting changes in body weight, such that, only at lower energy intakes, calcium intake (not adjusted for energy) predicted changes in body weight.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Regardless of exercise group assignment, calcium adjusted for energy intake had a negative relationship and vitamin A intake a positive relationship with two year changes in total body weight and body fat in young women aged 18 to 31 years. Thus, subjects with high calcium intake, corrected by total energy intake, and lower vitamin A intake gained less weight and body fat over two years in this randomized exercise intervention trial.
authors.affiliation: Department of Foods and Nutrition, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA.
authors.forename: Y C
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Lyle
authors.forename: L D
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: McCabe
authors.forename: G P
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: McCabe
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Weaver
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Teegarden
mesh_terms: D015502:Absorptiometry, Photon; D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001823:Body Composition / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D001835:Body Weight; D002136:Calcium, Dietary / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology; D003611:Dairy Products; D015930:Diet Records; D015444:Exercise; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D009765:Obesity / Q000517:prevention & control; D011446:Prospective Studies; D014801:Vitamin A / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D002136:Calcium, Dietary; D014801:Vitamin A