title: Interferon adjuvant to radical nephrectomy in Robson stages II and III renal cell carcinoma: a multicentric randomized study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Because interferon gave promising results in the management of metastatic renal cell carcinoma in the 1980s, a multicentric randomized controlled trial was planned to compare adjuvant recombinant interferon alfa-2b (rIFNalpha2b) with observation after radical nephrectomy in patients with Robson stages II and III renal cell carcinoma. Overall and event-free survival were to be evaluated together with prognostic factors.
  
  
  METHODS
  Overall and event-free survival curves for 247 patients (124 controls and 123 treated) were estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method and compared using the log-rank test. Cox's multiple regression models were adopted to perform a joint analysis of treatment and prognostic factors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The 5-year overall and event-free survival probabilities were 0.665 and 0.671, respectively, for controls and 0.660 and 0.567, respectively, for the treated group; the differences were not statistically significant (2P = .861 for overall and 2P = .107 for event-free survival with the log-rank test). Regarding prognostic factors, only grade, pT, and pN demonstrated a significant prognostic role. First-order interactions of treatment with pT and pN category were investigated; a significant interaction was found between pN and treatment. A harmful effect of rIFNalpha2b in the 97 treated pN0 patients and a protective effect in the 13 treated pN2/pN3 patients were statistically significant.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Adjuvant rIFNalpha2b is not indicated after radical nephrectomy for renal cell carcinoma. The protective effect in the small group of pN2/pN3 patients requires further investigation.
authors.affiliation: Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori, Milan, Italy. pizzocaro@istitutotumori.mi.it
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pizzocaro
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Piva
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Colavita
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ferri
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Artusi
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Boracchi
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Parmiani
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Marubini
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D017024:Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D000077190:Interferon alpha-2; D016898:Interferon-alpha / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D009392:Nephrectomy; D011379:Prognosis; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D016019:Survival Analysis
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D000077190:Interferon alpha-2; D016898:Interferon-alpha; D011994:Recombinant Proteins