title: Maximal exercise as a countermeasure to orthostatic intolerance after spaceflight.
abstract: Previous investigators have suggested that maximal exercise performed 24 h before the end of bed rest, a spaceflight analog, restores prebed rest plasma volume, baroreflex responses, and orthostatic tolerance.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  In this case report, we examined the effect of a similar exercise protocol 24 h before a Shuttle landing on the orthostatic responses of four crewmembers (EX) after spaceflights of 8-14 d. Four additional crewmembers (CON) served as controls and did not perform exercise during the final day of the flight.
  
  
  METHODS
  Each crewmember performed a 10-min stand test approximately 10 d before launch (L-10) and within 1-2 h of landing (R+0). Cardiac stroke volume was measured (Doppler ultrasound) supine and during each min of standing for three EX and three CON subjects.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Preflight, all crewmembers completed the stand test and each group had similar heart rate and blood pressure responses. Postflight, all subjects also completed the 10-min stand test. Each group had similarly elevated supine and standing heart rates, elevated diastolic and mean arterial blood pressures, and reduced pulse pressures compared to L-10. However, postflight cardiac output, mean +/- SEM, (EX: 4.5+/-0.6 L x min(-1); CON: 3.1+/-0.3 L x min(-1)) and stroke volume (EX: 43+/-7 mL x beat; CON: 30+/-6 mL x beat) were higher after 10 min standing in the EX subjects compared to CON subjects.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  For these four crewmembers, maximal exercise performed 24 h before landing may have helped maintain stroke volume but did not maintain heart rate and blood pressure responses during standing compared to preflight.
authors.affiliation: Wyle Laboratories, Life Sciences Systems and Services Division, and NASA-Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX 77058, USA.
authors.forename: A D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Moore
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: J B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Charles
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Greenisen
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Schneider
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007024:Hypotension, Orthostatic / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008297:Male; D013026:Space Flight; D014481:United States