title: Diffusion of gamma globulin into the arterial wall identifies localized entry of lipid and cells in atherosclerosis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The localization of atheromatous lesions in vulnerable arteries and their relatively rare occurrence in other arteries of the same subject cannot be explained by current theories of the aetiology of atherosclerosis.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether abnormal diffusion of gamma globulin into the arterial wall from the lumen will identify defects of barrier function allowing localized entry of lipid and cells in atherosclerosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Paraffin sections of left anterior descending coronary arteries and corresponding internal thoracic arteries from 80 human subjects aged 1-65 years were stained for gamma globulin by the immunoperoxidase technique. Duplicate sections were stained with orcein to demonstrate the elastin structure.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The barrier function of the luminal surface of the thickened intima was associated with the presence of an elastin lamina beneath the endothelial cells. With advancing age, the coronary arteries exhibited breakdown of this barrier function in localized areas with entry into the arterial wall of gamma globulin, lipid and cells. This was rare in the internal thoracic artery.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Lack of continuity or incomplete formation of this sub-endothelial lamina, which was seen particularly in the coronary artery, was associated with localized entry into the arterial wall of gamma globulin, lipid and cells from the circulating blood and with the development of atheromatous lesions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Auckland, New Zealand.
authors.forename: F H
authors.initials: FH
authors.lastname: Sims
authors.forename: J B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Gavin
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Edgar
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Koelmeyer
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D003331:Coronary Vessels / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D007223:Infant; D008875:Middle Aged; D013895:Thoracic Arteries / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D017539:Tunica Intima / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D005719:gamma-Globulins / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*
chemical_list: D005719:gamma-Globulins