title: Oral administration of fluoroquinolones in the treatment of typhoid fever and paratyphoid fever in Japan.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the adverse reactions and therapeutic effects of fluoroquinolones to investigate whether they can be used for the treatment of patients with typhoid fever and paratyphoid fever.
  
  
  METHODS
  The adverse reactions and therapeutic effects of fluoroquinolones were studied retrospectively in patients with typhoid fever and paratyphoid fever.
  
  
  METHODS
  58 patients (54 Japanese) with typhoid fever, 42 patients (41 Japanese) with paratyphoid fever, and 1 Japanese patient with both typhoid fever and paratyphoid fever, who were admitted in hospitals in Tokyo, Kawasaki, Yokohama, Kyoto, and Osaka from 1995 to 1998 and treated with fluoroquinolones.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Almost 80% of the patients were treated with tosufloxacin (TFLX) and the remaining 20 % were treated with norfloxacin, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, or sparofloxacin. Side effects (nausea, urticaria, aphthous stomatitis) and elevation of serum amylase were found in 3.6% and 8.3 % of patients treated with TFLX, respectively, but these adverse reactions disappeared in all of these cases either with or without a change in the drug used. No adverse reactions were found in patients treated with the other fluoroquinolones. The clinical and bacteriological effects of these drugs were adequate.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Though further studies still need to be performed on the fluoroquinolones other than TFLX, we can preliminarily conclude that fluoroquinolones are safe drugs and they can be recommended for the initial therapy of patients with typhoid fever and paratyphoid fever.
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo Metropolitan Bokutoh General Hospital, Sumida City.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ohnishi
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kimura
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Masuda
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tsunoda
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Obana
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yoshida
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Goto
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sakaue
authors.forename: Y K
authors.initials: YK
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sakamoto
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sagara
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004341:Drug Evaluation; D005260:Female; D024841:Fluoroquinolones; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009287:Naphthyridines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010284:Paratyphoid Fever / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology; D012449:Safety; D014195:Travel; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014435:Typhoid Fever / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D024841:Fluoroquinolones; D009287:Naphthyridines; C055185:tosufloxacin