title: The psychometric properties of patient preferences in osteoporosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Osteoporosis is a chronic disease manifested by wrist, vertebral, and hip fractures that results in significant morbidity and burden to society. About 30% of postmenopausal women have osteoporosis according to the WHO criteria. Women with one vertebral fracture have a 4-fold increased risk of a subsequent fracture. The goal of treatment is to prevent fractures and improve quality of life. Preferences or utilities are now recommended for incorporating quality of life into evaluations of the cost effectiveness of new therapeutic interventions. We evaluated the psychometric properties of preference based measures in osteoporosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Preference scenarios were constructed with a health state classification system. The reliability and validity of the feeling thermometer and the standard gamble was assessed by interviewing 42 women from 4 different patient groups. The sensitivity to change of the feeling thermometer and standard gamble was compared with the Health Utilities Index Mark 2 (HUI2) and SF-36. All subgroups were reassessed about 2 months after their first interview.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Preference measurement was feasible in women of different age groups. The reliability coefficients for health states ranged from 0.65 to 0.87. The preference scores for the marker states demonstrated content validity. Convergent validity of the feeling thermometer was supported by a significant correlation with the HUI2 (r = 0.38, p < 0.05) and the physical health summary of the SF-36 (r = 0.56, p < 0.005). The standard gamble did not correlate with the HUI2 (r = 0.15) or the feeling thermometer (r = 0.09), but correlated with 2 domains of the SF-36. The preference measures were sensitive to change, with the efficiency scores ranging from 0.78 to 1.0.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Preference measurements in the evaluation of osteoporosis are feasible. The feeling thermometer and standard gamble appear to be related to different aspects of health related quality of life. Both instruments were sensitive to change over a 2 month period.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Ottawa Hospital, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cranney
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Coyle
authors.forename: B A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Pham
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tetroe
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Wells
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Jolly
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Tugwell
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D015663:Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal / Q000523:psychology*; D010342:Patient Acceptance of Health Care; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D011788:Quality of Life; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D016103:Spinal Fractures / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000523:psychology