title: Transforming growth factor-beta 1 and its receptors in human lung cancer and mouse lung carcinogenesis.
abstract: The transforming growth factor-betas (TGF-beta s) are multifunctional proteins that inhibit the proliferation of many epithelial cells through a set of cell protein receptors that includes the TGF-beta type I (RI) and type II (RII) receptors. Loss of growth inhibition by TGF-beta is thought to contribute to the development of many types of tumors. In the present study, we have examined expression of the proteins and mRNAs for TGF-beta 1, TGF-beta RI, and TGF-beta RII in normal human lung, well-characterized non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines, and primary NSCLC specimens. Immunohistochemical staining for TGF-beta 1, TGF-beta RI, and TGF-beta RII using specific antibodies in normal human lung showed expression of the 3 proteins in the epithelium of bronchi and bronchioles as well as in alveoli. Differential expression of TGF-beta RI and TGF-beta RII proteins was detected in 5 NSCLC cell lines using Western blot analysis, with reduced levels in 3 cell lines. A panel of 45 formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded NSCLC specimens showed positive immunostaining for TGF-beta 1, TGF-beta RI, and TGF-beta RII, with reduced TGF-beta RII in poorly differentiated adenocarcinomas and squamous cell carcinomas and some moderately differentiated adenocarcinomas. In situ hybridization studies conducted with specific riboprobes for TGF-beta 1, TGF-beta RI, and TGF-beta RII showed corresponding localization of expression of the mRNAs in the specimens that showed positive immunostaining for the proteins. To investigate the roles of TGF-beta 1, TGF-beta RI, and TGF-beta RII in chemically induced mouse lung tumorigenesis, we examined the expression of their proteins and mRNAs in 2 mouse model systems. Whereas expression of the proteins and mRNAs for TGF-beta 1 and TGF-beta RI was comparable in lung adenomas and bronchioles of A/J mice treated with benzo(alpha)pyrene, decreased immunostaining and hybridization for TGF-beta RII protein and mRNA was detected in 50% of lung adenomas in these mice. Interestingly, expression of TGF-beta 1 and the TGF-beta receptor proteins was similar to that of bronchioles in C57B1/6 mice and their littermates heterozygous for deletion of the TGF-beta 1 gene treated with diethylnitrosamine. These data show that reduced levels of expression of TGF-beta RII occur in some, but not all, human and mouse lung tumors. This suggests that different mechanisms of action, some of which may involve the TGF-beta signaling pathway, may contribute to the progression of lung tumorigenesis.
authors.affiliation: Medicine Branch, National Cancer Institute, 9610 Medical Center Drive, Suite 300, Rockville, MD 20850, USA.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Prentice
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Mariano
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Davarya
authors.forename: R I
authors.initials: RI
authors.lastname: Linnoila
authors.forename: T W
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Moody
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Wakefield
authors.forename: S B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Jakowlew
mesh_terms: D000236:Adenoma / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D000818:Animals; D015153:Blotting, Western; D001980:Bronchi / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D002273:Carcinogens / Q000633:toxicity; D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D017931:DNA Primers / Q000737:chemistry; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D017403:In Situ Hybridization; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D051379:Mice; D008805:Mice, Inbred A; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D018125:Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000378:metabolism*; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D002273:Carcinogens; D017931:DNA Primers; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D018125:Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta; C508960:TGFB1 protein, human; C508961:Tgfb1 protein, mouse; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1