title: Interleukin 6 inhibits proliferation and, in cooperation with an epidermal growth factor receptor autocrine loop, increases migration of T47D breast cancer cells.
abstract: Interleukin (IL)-6, a multifunctional regulator of immune response, hematopoiesis, and acute phase reactions, has also been shown to regulate cancer cell proliferation. We have investigated IL-6 signaling pathways and cellular responses in the T47D breast carcinoma cell line. The IL-6-type cytokines, IL-6 and oncostatin M, simultaneously inhibited cell proliferation and increased cell migration. In T47D cells, IL-6 stimulated the activation of Janus-activated kinase 1 tyrosine kinase and signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT) 1 and STAT3 transcription factors. Expression of dominant negative STAT3 in the cells strongly reduced IL-6-mediated growth inhibition but did not prevent IL-6-induced cell migration. IL-6 treatment led to activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and the phosphatidylinositol 3'-kinase (PI3K) pathways. Inhibition of MAPK or PI3K activity reversed IL-6- and oncostatin M-stimulated migration. Because cross-talk between cytokine receptors and members of the ErbB family of receptor tyrosine kinases has been described previously, we have examined their interaction in T47D cells. Down-regulation of ErbB receptor activity, through the use of specific pharmacological inhibitors or dominant negative receptor constructs, revealed that IL-6-induced MAPK activation was largely dependent on epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor activity, but not on ErbB-2 activity. Using a monoclonal antibody that interferes with EGF receptor-ligand interaction, we have shown that in T47D cells, IL-6 cooperates with an EGF receptor autocrine activity loop for signaling through the MAPK and PI3K pathways and for cell migration. Both the tyrosine phosphatase SHP-2 and the multisubstrate docking molecule Gab1, which are potential links between IL-6 and the MAPK/PI3K pathways, were constitutively associated with the active EGF receptor. On IL-6 stimulation, SHP-2 and Gab1 were recruited to the gp130 subunit of the IL-6 receptor and tyrosine phosphorylated, allowing downstream signaling to the MAPK and PI3K pathways. Thus, in T47D breast carcinoma cells, IL-6 acts in synergy with EGF receptor autocrine activity to signal through the MAPK/PI3K pathways. Cooperation between IL-6 and the EGF receptor in T47D breast carcinoma cells illustrates how a combination of multiple stimuli, either exogenous or endogenous, may result in synergistic cellular responses.
authors.affiliation: Friedrich Miescher Institute, Basel, Switzerland. badache@fmi.ch
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Badache
authors.forename: N E
authors.initials: NE
authors.lastname: Hynes
mesh_terms: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000187:drug effects; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D066246:ErbB Receptors / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000502:physiology; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D053613:Janus Kinase 1; D020935:MAP Kinase Signaling System / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D020929:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D053683:Oncostatin M; D010455:Peptides / Q000494:pharmacology; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D010750:Phosphoproteins / Q000378:metabolism; D010766:Phosphorylation; D054592:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 11; D053824:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 6; D017027:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases / Q000378:metabolism; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D018719:Erb-b2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinases / Q000502:physiology; D050796:STAT3 Transcription Factor; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D015534:Trans-Activators / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D014443:Tyrosine / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D066246:ErbB Receptors; D015850:Interleukin-6; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D053613:Janus Kinase 1; D020929:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases; D053683:Oncostatin M; D010455:Peptides; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; D010750:Phosphoproteins; D054592:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 11; D053824:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 6; D017027:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; D018719:Erb-b2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinases; D050796:STAT3 Transcription Factor; D015534:Trans-Activators; D014443:Tyrosine; C098587:GAB1 protein, human; C508351:OSM protein, human; C494086:STAT3 protein, human; C507904:JAK1 protein, human; C516724:PTPN11 protein, human; C509249:PTPN6 protein, human