title: Effects of vigabatrin on brain GABA+/CR signals in patients with epilepsy monitored by 1H-NMR-spectroscopy: responder characteristics.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Vigabatrin (VGB) is a new antiepileptic drug that increases the human brain gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) level by irreversibly inhibiting GABA transaminase. Although some patients respond to VGB with a significant seizure reduction, others do not. The aim of this study was to identify possible responders before or in an early phase of VGB treatment by measuring the GABA and homocarnosine contaminated with macromolecules/creatine and phosphocreatine ratio (GABA+/Cr) signal by means of proton-nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectroscopy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Measurements were performed immediately before and after a titration period of 1 month (2 g/day during the past 2 weeks). A third measurement followed a maintenance period of 3 months (2 or 3 g/day). In 14 patients with drug-resistant temporal lobe epilepsy and 3 patients with occipital lobe epilepsy, GABA+/Cr was measured in the ipsilateral (i.e., epileptogenic) hemisphere and contralateral (i.e., nonepileptogenic) hemisphere in a volume of 8 cm3.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Depending on the therapeutic efficacy of VGB, we defined three groups: (a) full responders (n = 7), (b) nonresponders (n = 7), and (c) partial responders (n = 3). The nonresponders had no significant change in the GABA+/Cr signal during the treatment compared with baseline. The full responders had a significant increase of the GABA+/Cr signal during the whole treatment phase and a lower ipsilateral level at baseline. The partial responders had also a lowered ipsilateral GABA+/Cr signal at baseline and an increase during treatment but a decrease when the seizures started again.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Responders to VGB could be identified by a lower ipsilateral baseline GABA+/Cr signal and a steeper increase during VGB treatment. However, it was not possible to predict the duration of the response (full versus partial responder) with these criteria.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: S G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Mueller
authors.forename: O M
authors.initials: OM
authors.lastname: Weber
authors.forename: C O
authors.initials: CO
authors.lastname: Duc
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Weber
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Meier
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Russ
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Boesiger
authors.forename: H G
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Wieser
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000927:Anticonvulsants / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D001923:Brain Chemistry / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D002336:Carnosine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry; D003401:Creatine / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D004827:Epilepsy / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D004833:Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe; D005260:Female; D007839:Functional Laterality; D006801:Humans; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy / Q000379:methods* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009778:Occipital Lobe / Q000187:drug effects / Q000503:physiopathology; D010725:Phosphocreatine / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D020888:Vigabatrin / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005680:gamma-Aminobutyric Acid / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000927:Anticonvulsants; D010725:Phosphocreatine; C005038:homocarnosine; D005680:gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; D002336:Carnosine; D020888:Vigabatrin; D003401:Creatine