title: A randomized, controlled trial of a home environmental intervention: effect on efficacy and upset in caregivers and on daily function of persons with dementia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The authors determined short-term effects of a home environmental intervention on self-efficacy and upset in caregivers and daily function of dementia patients. They also determined if treatment effect varied by caregiver gender, race, and relationship to patient.
  
  
  METHODS
  Families (N = 171) of dementia patients were randomized to intervention or usual care control group. The intervention involved 5 90-min home visits by occupational therapists who provided education and physical and social environmental modifications.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with controls, intervention caregivers reported fewer declines in patients' instrumental activities of daily living (p = .030) and less decline in self-care and fewer behavior problems in patients at 3 months post-test. Also, intervention spouses reported reduced upset (p = .049), women reported enhanced self-efficacy in managing behaviors (p = .038), and women (p = .049) and minorities (p = .037) reported enhanced self-efficacy in managing functional dependency.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The environmental program appears to have a modest effect on dementia patients' IADL dependence. Also, among certain subgroups of caregivers the program improves self-efficacy and reduces upset in specific areas of caregiving.
authors.affiliation: Community and Homecare Research Division, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA. laura.gitlin@mail.tju.edu
authors.forename: L N
authors.initials: LN
authors.lastname: Gitlin
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Corcoran
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Winter
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Boyce
authors.forename: W W
authors.initials: WW
authors.lastname: Hauck
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000534:rehabilitation; D017028:Caregivers / Q000523:psychology; D003704:Dementia / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D005260:Female; D006699:Home Care Services; D006801:Humans; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009788:Occupational Therapy / Q000379:methods; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012737:Sex Factors; D018454:Spouses