title: High peritoneal permeability predisposes to hepatic steatosis in diabetic continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis patients receiving intraperitoneal insulin.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate hepatic fat accumulation in diabetic patients taking intraperitoneal or subcutaneous insulin treatment during continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD).
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Tertiary-care university hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied 16 patients with diabetic end-stage renal disease currently treated with CAPD. Median age was 42 years (range: 34-70 years), duration of diabetes was 27.5 years (range: 17-39 years), and duration of CAPD was 16.5 months (range: 2-59 months).
  
  
  METHODS
  Ultrasound measures of liver steatotic area and thickness, peritoneal equilibration test (PET), weekly Kt/V urea, protein catabolic rate (PCR), hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), lipoproteins, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, insulin dose, and dialysate glucose load.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Focal hepatic fat accumulation was found. The location of steatosis was subcapsular; a negligible amount was periportal. Hepatic subcapsular steatosis was present in 7 of 8 patients taking insulin intraperitoneally and in 0 of 8 patients taking insulin subcutaneously. The maximal thickness of subcapsular steatosis correlated directly with peritoneal transport rate (2-hour dialysate-to-plasma creatinine ratio in PET, r = 0.80, p < 0.05) and inversely with PCR (r = -0.82, p < 0.05). The area of the lesions correlated directly with body weight (r = 0.80, p < 0.05) and inversely with weekly Kt/V urea (r = -0.90, p < 0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Intraperitoneal insulin, together with glucose-based peritoneal dialysate, induces hepatic subcapsular steatosis. The amount of hepatic subcapsular steatosis increases when peritoneal transfer rate and body weight are high.
authors.affiliation: Medical School, University of Tampere, and Tampere University Hospital, Finland. mepane@uta.fi
authors.forename: P I
authors.initials: PI
authors.lastname: Nevalainen
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kallio
authors.forename: J T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Lahtela
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mustonen
authors.forename: A I
authors.initials: AI
authors.lastname: Pasternack
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000628:therapy*; D003928:Diabetic Nephropathies / Q000150:complications*; D005234:Fatty Liver / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007263:Infusions, Parenteral; D007328:Insulin / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000150:complications* / Q000628:therapy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010531:Peritoneal Dialysis, Continuous Ambulatory; D010537:Peritoneum / Q000378:metabolism*; D010539:Permeability
chemical_list: D007328:Insulin