title: A study of the bond strength and color of ultralow-fusing porcelain.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of different bonding agents, surface roughness, and acid pickling on the bond strength and color of ultralow-fusing porcelain fused to gold alloy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Porcelain-metal specimens were made to 25 mm x 3 mm x 0.5 mm with a 1-mm porcelain thickness. A 3-point bending test was used to evaluate the bond strength. The color of the porcelain was measured using a dental chromameter, and the data were processed in the CIE Lab system. The color difference (delta E*) was calculated for the tested groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Good bond strength and color could be achieved regardless of the use and type of bonding agent. Surface roughness and acid pickling had more effect on the bond strength than on color.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The type of the bonding agent, surface roughness, and acid pickling influenced the bond strength but had minimal effects on the color of ultralow-fusing porcelain. This ultralow-fusing porcelain could produce a color closer to the Vita shade than the conventional low-fusing porcelain.
authors.affiliation: Department of Fixed Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Japan.
authors.forename: N J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: al Mutawa
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Shiozawa
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hasegawa
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Miura
mesh_terms: D000134:Acid Etching, Dental; D000268:Adhesiveness; D000537:Aluminum Oxide / Q000737:chemistry; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D003116:Color; D001840:Dental Bonding / Q000379:methods; D003776:Dental Porcelain / Q000737:chemistry*; D004577:Electron Probe Microanalysis; D006047:Gold Alloys / Q000737:chemistry; D006358:Hot Temperature; D006801:Humans; D008422:Materials Testing; D016876:Metal Ceramic Alloys / Q000737:chemistry; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D018583:Pliability; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D013464:Sulfuric Acids / Q000737:chemistry; D013499:Surface Properties
chemical_list: D006047:Gold Alloys; D016876:Metal Ceramic Alloys; D013464:Sulfuric Acids; D003776:Dental Porcelain; D000537:Aluminum Oxide; C033158:sulfuric acid