title: A study of drug utilisation and cost of treatment in patients hospitalised with unstable angina.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The current study was designed to investigate drug utilisation in the management of unstable angina in India and to calculate the costs incurred by patients in the treatment of a single episode of unstable angina.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a prescription survey to examine the use of antianginal drugs in patients with unstable angina in a tertiary care Indian hospital. The use of concurrent medications such as antidiabetic, antihypertensive and lipid-lowering agents was also examined. Data on the cost of treatment, investigations, income, and family size were collected from the case histories or direct interviews with the patients/relatives.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 336 consecutive prescriptions were evaluated. Aspirin was the most frequently prescribed drug (98%) followed by nitroglycerin infusion (90%) and enoxaparin (52%). One of the heparins was used by 89% of all patients and beta-blockers by up to 62% of the patients. Besides antianginals, antihypertensive (49%) and antidiabetic (16%) drugs were commonly coadministered. The mean (+/- SD) cost of treatment of a single episode of unstable angina in the hospital was US $494 (+/- 271) against an annual per capita income of US $245. The mean (+/- SD) cost incurred by the patients due to drugs alone during the hospital stay was US $70 (+/- 18) and enoxaparin accounted for 60% of the expenditure due to drugs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of our study show that low-molecular-weight heparin, enoxaparin, is replacing unfractionated heparin in the treatment of unstable angina. In view of the use of costly new drugs, there is an urgent need for carrying out pharmacoeconomic analysis in developing countries as the treatment of a single episode of unstable angina imparts a considerable economic burden on the patient.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Postgraduate Insitute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Malhotra
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Grover
authors.forename: N K
authors.initials: NK
authors.lastname: Verma
authors.forename: V K
authors.initials: VK
authors.lastname: Bhargava
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000789:Angina, Unstable / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000191:economics*; D016527:Drug Costs; D011307:Drug Prescriptions / Q000191:economics; D004363:Drug Utilization / Q000191:economics* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents / Q000191:economics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006493:Heparin / Q000191:economics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006760:Hospitalization / Q000191:economics; D006801:Humans; D007194:India; D008297:Male; D005996:Nitroglycerin / Q000191:economics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014665:Vasodilator Agents / Q000191:economics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014944:World Health Organization
chemical_list: D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents; D014665:Vasodilator Agents; D006493:Heparin; D005996:Nitroglycerin