title: Systemic administration of d-amphetamine induces long-lasting oxidative stress in the rat striatum.
abstract: The long-term effect of d-amphetamine (AMPH) on the induction of oxidative stress was examined in vivo in the rat brain. In this study, 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid (2,3-DHBA) and malonaldehyde (MDA) were used as the index of the hydroxyl radical and lipid peroxidation, respectively. The levels of 2,3-DHBA, MDA and dopamine (DA) in striatal homogenates were examined 7 days following injection of a single large dose of AMPH (7.5 mg/kg, i.p.) in rats pretreated with desipramine (10 mg/kg, i.p.), an agent that inhibits the metabolism of AMPH. Our results showed that 2,3-DHBA and MDA levels were significantly increased by AMPH, whereas DA and its metabolites, DOPAC and HVA were depleted in the striatum. Pretreatment with the glutamate NMDA receptor subtype antagonist MK-801 (1 mg/kg, i.p.) attenuated the increases of 2,3-DHBA and MDA, and provided partial protection against the long-lasting loss of DA produced by AMPH. Overall, the results demonstrate that AMPH could induce sustained production of free radical and oxidative damage, and lead to DA terminal degeneration in the striatum of the rat.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Undersea and Hyperbaric Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, P.O. Box 90048-516, Taipei 100, Taiwan, R.O.C. fjwan@ndmc1.ndmctsgh.edu.tw
authors.forename: F J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Wan
authors.forename: H C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: K L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Tseng
authors.forename: C S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Wong
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000929:Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic / Q000494:pharmacology; D015415:Biomarkers; D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003891:Desipramine / Q000494:pharmacology; D003913:Dextroamphetamine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016291:Dizocilpine Maleate / Q000494:pharmacology; D062385:Hydroxybenzoates / Q000378:metabolism; D017665:Hydroxyl Radical / Q000378:metabolism; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000378:metabolism; D017072:Neostriatum / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley
chemical_list: D000929:Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic; D015415:Biomarkers; D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants; D062385:Hydroxybenzoates; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D017665:Hydroxyl Radical; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D016291:Dizocilpine Maleate; C009135:2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid; D003891:Desipramine; D003913:Dextroamphetamine