title: Incidence of vesicoureteral reflux in siblings of children with reflux--our own observations.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of the study was to evaluate the incidence of primary vesicoureteral reflux in siblings of children with reflux.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ninety-four subjects aged 2-6, the siblings of children with reflux were examined. Our methods included: urinalysis, urine cultures, ultrasound examination of abdominal cavity in all the examined subjects. Voiding cystography was conducted in selected cases.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Primary vesicoureteral reflux was found in the total of 10% of the siblings of children with reflux. The incidence of reflux was the highest in the youngest age group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The incidence of primary vesicoureteral reflux in the siblings of affected children being at least ten times higher than population risk supports the necessity of screening in this group.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, E. Warmiński Municipal Hospital, ul. Szpitalna 19, 85-826 Bydgoszcz, Poland.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kuczyńska
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Czerwionka-Szaflarska
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004775:Enuresis / Q000150:complications; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007668:Kidney / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D008297:Male; D009679:Nuclear Family; D011044:Poland / Q000453:epidemiology; D011859:Radiography; D014463:Ultrasonography; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D014552:Urinary Tract Infections / Q000150:complications; D014570:Urologic Diseases / Q000145:classification; D014718:Vesico-Ureteral Reflux / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000235:genetics*