Nickel-binding proteins.
Nickel enzymes are a relatively new class of metalloenzymes. The seven known nickel enzymes are urease, hydrogenase, CO-dehydrogenase, methyl-coenzyme M reductase, Ni-superoxide dismutase, glyoxalase I and cis-trans isomerase. The requirement for nickel implies the presence of a nickel-processing system, since free transition metals are harmful to the cell. A nickel-processing system involves the recognition and transport of nickel into the cell and the handling of the nickel once it enters the cell until it is inserted into the nickel enzyme. Several mechanisms for nickel transport have been identified and will be reviewed here. Accessory proteins required for the biosynthesis of the nickel active site have been identified. Accessory proteins bind the nickel when it enters the cell and are proposed to assist with the insertion of nickel into the enzyme. The function of the characterized nickel-processing proteins is described, and models for nickel insertion into the nickel enzymes are presented.
Wattt
R K
RK
Princeton University, Department of Chemistry, New Jersey 08544, USA. rwatt@princeton.edu
Ludden
P W
PW
D000106:Acetate-CoA Ligase / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D000445:Aldehyde Oxidoreductases / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D001665:Binding Sites; D001692:Biological Transport; D018833:Chaperonins / Q000378:metabolism; D006864:Hydrogenase / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D007791:Lactoylglutathione Lyase / Q000378:metabolism; D008667:Metalloproteins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D009097:Multienzyme Complexes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D009532:Nickel / Q000378:metabolism*; D009876:Operon / Q000235:genetics; D010088:Oxidoreductases / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D011485:Protein Binding; D012246:Rhodospirillum / Q000201:enzymology; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D014510:Urease / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism
D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D008667:Metalloproteins; D009097:Multienzyme Complexes; D009532:Nickel; D010088:Oxidoreductases; D006864:Hydrogenase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D000445:Aldehyde Oxidoreductases; C019823:carbon monoxide dehydrogenase; C021572:methyl coenzyme M reductase; D014510:Urease; D018833:Chaperonins; D007791:Lactoylglutathione Lyase; D000106:Acetate-CoA Ligase