title: Postpartum angiographic embolization for vulvovaginal hematoma. A report of two cases.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Puerperal hematomas can become a life-threatening obstetric emergency. Their incidence is 1 or 2/1,000 deliveries. When mainstay methods of suture and packing fail, arterial embolization becomes an excellent alternative to definitive treatment, laparotomy.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 32-year-old woman, para 2-0-2-2, developed extreme rectal and vulvar pain one hour postpartum. A 12 x 10-cm vulvovaginal hematoma was identified, drained, sutured and packed. Bleeding continued, blood products were administered, and selective angiographic embolization of the pudendal and inferior gluteal arteries was successfully performed. A 31-year-old woman, para 1-0-1-1, developed a left vaginal hematoma immediately postpartum. She failed vaginal packing and underwent angiographic arterial embolization successfully. The patient was discharged on the fourth postpartum day. At six weeks postpartum, neither patient had evidence of hematoma formation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In the setting of a puerperal hematoma refractory to conventional first-line therapy, arterial embolization provides a rational, effective alternative for achieving hemostasis with minimal morbidity.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology and of Radiology, Winthrop-University Hospital, 259 First Street, Mineola, NY 11501, USA.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Villella
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Garry
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Levine
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Glanz
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Figueroa
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Maulik
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000792:Angiography; D001158:Arteries; D001803:Blood Transfusion; D004621:Embolization, Therapeutic; D005260:Female; D006406:Hematoma / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D007083:Iliac Artery; D011247:Pregnancy; D011644:Puerperal Disorders / Q000628:therapy*; D014621:Vagina / Q000098:blood supply; D014623:Vaginal Diseases / Q000628:therapy*; D014844:Vulva / Q000098:blood supply; D014845:Vulvar Diseases / Q000628:therapy*