title: Effect of excess degradable intake protein on early embryonic development, ovarian steroids, and blood urea nitrogen on days 2, 3, 4, and 5 of the estrous cycle in mature ewes.
abstract: Two trials were conducted to determine whether feeding excess degradable intake protein (DIP) during a synchronized estrous cycle and the first 5 d after breeding alters early embryonic development, ovarian steroids, or BUN concentrations in ewes. Ewes were group-fed in Trial 1 (T1) and individually fed in Trial 2 (T2) either 100 (control; T1, n = 15; T2, n = 12) or 200% (high-protein; T1, n = 16; T2, n = 12) of the NRC protein recommendation for maintenance during a synchronized estrous cycle until surgery in the next cycle. Ampullae (AMP), isthmi (IST), and uterine horns (UT) of high-protein and control ewes were removed on d 2 (T1), 3 (T2), 4 (T1), or 5 (T2) after breeding. In T1, jugular blood samples were taken once daily starting on d 2 of the synchronized cycle, and in T2 on d 2, 9, 15, 16, and 17, and in both trials from estrus (d 0) to the day of surgery. Ampullae, IST, and UT flushings were examined microscopically for the presence of embryos, embryo condition, and embryo cell number. There was no trial x treatment interaction (P > or = 0.10), so data for both trials were pooled. Concentrations of BUN were higher (P < 0.05) in high-protein-fed ewes than in control ewes during the synchronized cycle and the first 5 d of the next cycle. Progesterone concentrations of the synchronized cycle did not differ (P > 0.10) between treatments. During the first 5 d of the next cycle, estradiol-17beta concentrations were lower (P = 0.06) in high-protein-fed than in control ewes. Progesterone increased (P < 0.05) to higher concentrations by d 5 in high-protein-fed ewes than in control ewes. More (P < 0.05) embryos were found in AMP of high-protein-fed ewes than in AMP of control ewes on d 4. Fewer (P = 0.05) embryos were found in UT of high-protein-fed ewes than in UT of control ewes on d 4. More embryos were found in UT of high-protein-fed ewes than in UT of control ewes on d 5. Fewer (P = 0.05) embryos were found in IST of high-protein ewes than in the IST of control ewes on d 5. Embryos of high-protein-fed ewes had more (P < 0.05) cells than embryos from control fed ewes on d 5. Feeding ewes excess DIP protein during an estrous cycle and the first 5 d after breeding initially impeded embryo transport; thereafter, embryo transport and development through the oviduct was accelerated.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal and Range Sciences, Montana State University, Bozeman 59717-2900, USA. jgb@montana.edu
authors.forename: J G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Berardinelli
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Weng
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Burfening
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Adair
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001806:Blood Urea Nitrogen; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology; D004958:Estradiol / Q000097:blood; D004971:Estrus / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D010053:Ovary / Q000254:growth & development*; D011374:Progesterone / Q000097:blood; D012756:Sheep / Q000196:embryology* / Q000254:growth & development
chemical_list: D004044:Dietary Proteins; D011374:Progesterone; D004958:Estradiol