title: Chronic atrial fibrillation in patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation, atrioventricular node ablation and pacemakers: determinants and treatment.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study examined the factors associated with the development of chronic (or permanent) atrial fibrillation (AF) in patients who had undergone atrioventricular (AV) node ablation with permanent pacing because of paroxysmal AF.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective review of case notes of all 65 consecutive patients identified as having had paroxysmal atrial arrhythmias, AV node ablation and permanent pacemaker implantation was performed. Atrial rhythm was established from all pacing records and from the surface ECG. Treatment with anti-arrhythmic drugs and with warfarin was recorded. A multivariate analysis was undertaken, using atrial rhythm on final ECG and chronic AF as outcome measures.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During a mean follow-up of 30 months, 42% of patients with paroxysmal AF had developed chronic AF. Multivariate analysis showed that increasing age, history of electrical cardioversion and VVI pacing all contributed to the development of chronic AF. 25/62 patients were taking warfarin, and four had had strokes (2.5%/year).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The majority of patients with paroxysmal atrial arrhythmias treated with AV node ablation and pacing develop chronic AF eventually. Stroke remains a risk, particularly in those who develop chronic AF.
authors.affiliation: Regional Cardiothoracic Centre, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: McComb
authors.forename: G M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Gribbin
mesh_terms: D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001281:Atrial Fibrillation / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy*; D001283:Atrioventricular Node / Q000601:surgery*; D017115:Catheter Ablation; D002908:Chronic Disease; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D004554:Electric Countershock; D004562:Electrocardiography; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D010138:Pacemaker, Artificial; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D020521:Stroke / Q000517:prevention & control; D014859:Warfarin / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000925:Anticoagulants; D014859:Warfarin