title: Transjugular liver biopsy with use of the shark jaw needle: diagnostic yield, complications, and cost-effectiveness.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Obtaining transjugular liver biopsy specimens with use of single-use needle systems is expensive, whereas biopsy specimens obtained with use of reusable needle systems are frequently associated with inadequate core specimens. The authors report their experience with the reusable Cook Shark Jaw biopsy needle, including diagnostic yield, complications, and cost-effectiveness.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective audit was performed of a cohort of 134 patients who underwent 136 transjugular liver biopsies with use of a reusable 16-gauge Shark Jaw needle during a 30-month period. Specimen adequacy and complication rates were assessed and direct costs of expendable components calculated. Cost-effectiveness was expressed as cost-per-successful biopsy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Biopsies were technically successful in 126 of 136 (93%) patients, with diagnostic histologic core specimens obtained in 124 of 126 (98%) patients, for an overall success rate of 91%. Complications included capsular penetration in six (4.4%) patients, cardiac arrhythmia in two (1.5%) patients, and puncture site hematoma or bleeding in 10 (7.4%) patients. Three tract embolizations were performed for capsular penetration. No instances of subcapsular hematoma, hemoperitoneum, or sepsis occurred, and no deaths were attributed to the procedure. The cost of expendable components totaled $103 per biopsy, corresponding to a cost-effectiveness of $113/successful biopsy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Transjugular liver biopsy specimens obtained with use of the Shark Jaw needle have a diagnostic yield comparable to those obtained with use of single-use biopsy systems, at a substantially lower cost with no increase in serious complications.
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Dalhousie University and Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.
authors.forename: B J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Psooy
authors.forename: T W
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Clark
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Beecroft
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Malatjalian
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001707:Biopsy, Needle / Q000191:economics / Q000295:instrumentation*; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D017743:Equipment Reuse; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007601:Jugular Veins; D008099:Liver / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D008485:Medical Audit; D008875:Middle Aged; D009339:Needles; D012189:Retrospective Studies