title: [Pharmacokinetics of topically applied in-situ-forming gels of fluconazole in rabbit eyes].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the pharmcokinetics of fluconazole (FCZ) in the aqueous humors and tears of New Zealand white rabbits following topically applied in-situ-forming gels of 0.5% FCZ (ISG-FCZ) and 0.5% FCZ eye drops to rabbit eyes.
  
  
  METHODS
  The rabbit tears and aqueous humors were obtained and quantified at different times after topically applying single dose of ISG-FCZ and FCZ eye drops to the rabbit eyes. The drug levels were assayed by megabore capillary gas-liquid chromatography with nitrogen-selective detector. The pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated with nonlinear least square method with computer.
  
  
  RESULTS
  FCZ concentrations in rabbit tears within 180 min after applying ISG-FCZ were found to be significantly higher compared with those of FCZ eye drops. The FCZ levels in the aqueous at 10, 30, 60, 90 and 120 min after applying ISG-FCZ are significantly higher compared with FCZ eye drops. The time for arriving peak concentration (Tmax) and the area under concentration (AUC)-time curve as well as the half-life (T1/2) of FCZ in rabbit aqueous humors were markedly higher after application of ISG-FCZ. The peak levels in the aqueous humors showed no difference between the two groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The ISG-FCZ, which upon exposure to physiological conditions will shift the gel phase, can significantly extend FCZ release and increase the precorneal residence time of the drug, thus enhance ocular bioavailability compared with FCZ eye drops.
authors.affiliation: Henan Institute of Ophthalmology, Zhengzhou 450003, China.
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: L K
authors.initials: LK
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.forename: N M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Z J
authors.initials: ZJ
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xu
mesh_terms: D000180:Acrylic Resins; D000287:Administration, Topical; D000818:Animals; D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D002849:Chromatography, Gas; D005123:Eye / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D015725:Fluconazole / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D008297:Male; D009883:Ophthalmic Solutions / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D011145:Polyvinyls / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D011817:Rabbits; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship
chemical_list: D000180:Acrylic Resins; D000935:Antifungal Agents; D009883:Ophthalmic Solutions; D011145:Polyvinyls; C006912:carboxypolymethylene; D015725:Fluconazole