title: Effect of canal drying methods on the apical seal.
abstract: The purpose of this study was to observe the seal obtained in human root canals under different in vitro treatment conditions. Root canals of freshly extracted human maxillary incisors received traditional biomechanical preparation and irrigation with 10% NaClO, followed by a final rinse of distilled water. Teeth were divided into four groups. In group 1, each root canal was dried with one paper point. In group 2, each root canal was dried with four paper points. Group 3 was dried with four paper points, followed by a gentle burst of warm air. Group 4 was dried using four paper points, followed by an internal 200 degrees C heat probe. Twenty canals in each group were filled with a gutta-percha cone and a zinc oxide-eugenol sealer, whereas 20 were filled with a glass ionomer sealer. All teeth were immediately immersed in India ink for 1 or 4 wk. The teeth were cleared, and the dye penetration-leakage measured with an accuracy of +/- 0.01 mm. Optimum sealing conditions were observed when the canal was dried with paper points and a 200 degrees C probe. There were no significant differences between 1 and 4 wk immersion. Glass ionomer sealer appeared more susceptible to the wet condition of the root canal walls than zinc oxide-eugenol sealer. An additional 40 teeth were prepared in the same manner as the dye penetration tests to observe the drying conditions of the root canal walls, and the moisture inside the canals was measured to an accuracy of 0.0001 g. The highest degree of internal canal wall dryness was found in group 4.
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontics and Endodontics, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, 2-1-3 Tsurumi, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-8501, Japan.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hosoya
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nomura
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yoshikubo
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Arai
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: C F
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Cox
mesh_terms: D000388:Air; D002244:Carbon; D004396:Coloring Agents; D001840:Dental Bonding; D003763:Dental Leakage / Q000145:classification; D003786:Dental Pulp Cavity / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D004202:Disinfectants / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005899:Glass Ionomer Cements / Q000737:chemistry; D006171:Gutta-Percha / Q000737:chemistry; D006358:Hot Temperature; D006801:Humans; D007180:Incisor; D010209:Paper; D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials / Q000737:chemistry*; D012388:Root Canal Irrigants / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018915:Root Canal Preparation / Q000379:methods*; D012973:Sodium Hypochlorite / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013499:Surface Properties; D013997:Time Factors; D014867:Water; D015035:Zinc Oxide-Eugenol Cement / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D004396:Coloring Agents; D004202:Disinfectants; D005899:Glass Ionomer Cements; D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials; D012388:Root Canal Irrigants; D015035:Zinc Oxide-Eugenol Cement; C028433:chinese ink; D014867:Water; D002244:Carbon; D006171:Gutta-Percha; D012973:Sodium Hypochlorite