title: Protein nutrition in fish: protein/energy ratio and alternative protein sources to fish meal.
abstract: Those interested in the design and manufacture of feeds for intensive fish farming face the basic concern of formulating mixtures for the best yield at the lowest costs. Of the macronutrients in the feed, protein has and continues to receive special consideration because fish present high and specific needs for this constituent. Traditionally, protein has been supplied primarily by fish meals. This paper presents a synthesis of the efforts made and the lines explored to achieve an effective reduction of the amount of fish meal in the feeds for fish, following two strategies: reduction of the protein in the feeds and the use of new raw materials to replace fish meal.
authors.affiliation: Depto de Biología Animal y Ecología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, España. anasanz@goliat.ugr.es
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sanz
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: García Gallego
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: De la Higuera
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed; D000824:Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D000818:Animals; D017756:Aquaculture / Q000379:methods*; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002149:Energy Intake / Q000502:physiology; D005399:Fishes
chemical_list: D004044:Dietary Proteins