title: Spinal cord stimulation in patients with refractory anginal pain and normal coronary arteries.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) has been shown to be effective in patients with refractory angina and coronary artery disease. No previous study assessed the clinical effects of SCS in patients with refractory angina who present angiographically normal coronary arteries.
  
  
  METHODS
  SCS was performed in 7 patients (4 men, 3 women, mean age 59.3 +/- 11 years) with refractory angina and normal coronary arteries. Clinical status was assessed 1 month after SCS device implantation and at a mean follow-up of 11 months (range 2-17 months) by: 1) an estimate of the number of anginal attacks and nitrate consumption in the 2 weeks prior to implantation and to follow-up visits; 2) a score of quality of life by a visual analogic scale; 3) a five-item questionnaire assessing effort angina and satisfaction with treatment; 4) treadmill exercise testing.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At the last follow-up the number of anginal episodes (p < 0.001) and nitrate consumption (p < 0.004) were both reduced by SCS. Visual analogic scale score improved from 2.1 +/- 0.98 to 9.0 +/- 0.9 (p < 0.001) at 1 month and to 6.4 +/- 2.3 (p < 0.01) at the last follow-up. Questionnaire analysis showed that mild (p = 0.006) and moderate (p = 0.000) physical activity, as well as patient satisfaction with anginal status (p = 0.000) and with current treatment (p = 0.000) all improved by SCS. Finally, time to 1 mm ST segment depression, time to angina, and exercise duration were all prolonged by SCS.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data point out that SCS may considerably improve anginal symptoms and exercise tolerance in a significant number of patients with refractory angina and normal coronary arteries and therefore it should be considered as a valuable treatment option in this group of patients.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Cardiology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy. g.a.lanza@eudoramail.com
authors.forename: G A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Lanza
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sestito
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sandric
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Cioni
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Tamburrini
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Barollo
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Crea
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: De Seta
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Meglio
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bellocci
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Maseri
mesh_terms: D004599:Electric Stimulation Therapy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D005080:Exercise Test; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D017566:Microvascular Angina / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D008875:Middle Aged; D010148:Intractable Pain / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D011788:Quality of Life; D013116:Spinal Cord; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires