title: Is all ventricular fibrillation the same? Influence of mode of induction on characteristics of ventricular fibrillation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Little information is available on the relationship between the mode of induction of ventricular fibrillation (VF) to VF characteristics.
  
  
  RESULTS
  VF was induced from the anterior left ventricle by programmed electrical stimulation, burst pacing, alternating current (AC), high current S2 at a site remote from S1, T wave shock, and intersecting wavefronts in seven normal dogs and seven dogs with chronic myocardial infarction. Using two electrode arrays, 112 electrograms were recorded from the anterior and lateral wall. Cycle lengths were analyzed and activation vectors were created by summing orthogonally recorded bipolar electrograms. The magnitude of the vector loops was integrated over time to produce an "ensemble vector" index (EVI) whose magnitude is high when beat-to-beat activation direction is consistent and low when activation direction is variable. T wave shock-induced VF had a significantly longer cycle length 1 to 5 seconds after VF onset than other modes of induction (P < 0.05). The frequency-corrected EVI was significantly larger for AC current and T wave shock-induced VF as opposed to all other modes of VF induction in early VF (P < 0.0001). After 10 seconds of VF, these differences persisted only on the anterior wall.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  VF induced in animals by T wave shock and AC current had different characteristics than VF induced by other methods. These findings may have implications for our understanding of VF pathophysiology.
authors.affiliation: Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute and Department of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois,USA.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Taneja
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Goldberger
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kadish
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002304:Cardiac Pacing, Artificial; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004285:Dogs; D004562:Electrocardiography; D004567:Electrodes, Implanted; D022062:Electrophysiologic Techniques, Cardiac / Q000379:methods*; D004597:Electroshock; D006329:Heart Conduction System / Q000503:physiopathology; D006339:Heart Rate; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology; D015588:Observer Variation; D011930:Reaction Time; D012815:Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted; D017180:Tachycardia, Ventricular / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D014693:Ventricular Fibrillation / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology*