title: Cleft lip and palate care in the United Kingdom--the Clinical Standards Advisory Group (CSAG) Study. Part 3: speech outcomes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To summarize speech outcomes in children born with unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) throughout the United Kingdom.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective descriptive study on a cross-sectional sample of children.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were collected for 238 5-year-olds (born between April 1, 1989, and March 31, 1991) and 218 12-year-olds (born between April 1, 1982, and March 31, 1984) with complete UCLP.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ratings of intelligibility, nasality, "speech cleft type characteristics" and speech therapy intervention.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Nineteen percent of 5-year-olds and 4% of 12-year-olds were judged to be impossible to understand or just intelligible to strangers. Thirty-four percent of 5-year-olds and 17% of 12-year-olds had at least one serious error of consonant production. Eighteen percent of 5-year-olds and 12-year-olds had consistent hypernasality of mild, moderate, or severe degree. Approximately two-thirds of both age groups had undergone speech therapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Speech and Language Therapy at the Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, England. debbie.sell@gosh-tr.nthames.nhs.uk
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sell
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Grunwell
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mildinhall
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Murphy
authors.forename: T A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Cornish
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bearn
authors.forename: W C
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Shaw
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Murray
authors.forename: A C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Sandy
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002971:Cleft Lip / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D002972:Cleft Palate / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D006801:Humans; D015588:Observer Variation; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D010700:Phonetics; D011446:Prospective Studies; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013060:Speech / Q000502:physiology*; D013064:Speech Disorders / Q000145:classification / Q000628:therapy; D013065:Speech Intelligibility / Q000502:physiology; D013070:Speech Therapy; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D006113:United Kingdom; D014681:Velopharyngeal Insufficiency / Q000145:classification / Q000601:surgery; D014743:Videotape Recording