title: A balanced 5:1 carbohydrate:protein diet: a new method for supplementing protein to patients with chronic liver disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Protein malnutrition in patients with chronic liver disease contributes to bone and muscle weakness and compromises immune function and survival. In contrast, high-protein diets may induce or exacerbate hepatic encephalopathy. The aim of the present study was to test whether increased amounts of protein, balanced by dietary carbohydrate in a 1:5 ratio, may be given to chronic liver disease patients in order to minimize postprandial increases in plasma amino acid (AA) concentrations.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eight patients with chronic liver disease were studied. Each received, in a randomized order, three different diets of 2510 kJ of either high protein (37:50:28, carbohydrate:protein:fat), high carbohydrate (126:10:6) or a balanced 5:1 carbohydrate:protein diet (105:21:11). All patients were followed for plasma AA, glucose and insulin levels, as well as for cognitive and behavioral changes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Following the high protein diet, AA concentrations were significantly increased. In contrast, after the balanced diet, AA levels were practically constant enabled. All diets was well tolerated and no cognitive or behavioral changes appeared.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The administration of a balanced 5:1 carbohydrate:protein diet may enable patients with chronic liver disease to tolerate increased amounts of dietary protein, without altering plasma amino acid concentrations.
authors.affiliation: Liver Unit, Department of Medicine, Hadassah Hebrew-University Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel. ilan@hadassah.org.il
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ilan
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sobol
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Sasson
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ashur
authors.forename: E M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Berry
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000596:Amino Acids / Q000097:blood; D000597:Amino Acids, Branched-Chain / Q000097:blood; D001519:Behavior; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D002908:Chronic Disease; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D008107:Liver Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000178:diet therapy* / Q000523:psychology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D014364:Tryptophan / Q000097:blood; D014443:Tyrosine / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D000596:Amino Acids; D000597:Amino Acids, Branched-Chain; D001786:Blood Glucose; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D004044:Dietary Proteins; D007328:Insulin; D014443:Tyrosine; D014364:Tryptophan