title: Factors associated with poor health-related quality of life of patients with cirrhosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Increasing interest is being given to health-related quality of life in chronic diseases. In cirrhosis, both physical functioning and mental well-being may be altered, but no study has investigated factors associated with a poor perceived health status.
  
  
  METHODS
  We measured quality of life by Short Form-36 and Nottingham Health Profile questionnaires in 544 patients with cirrhosis. Data were compared with age- and gender-adjusted values of 2 random samples of the Italian population (more than 2000 subjects). Factors associated with poor perceived health status were identified by logistic regression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All domains of health-related quality of life, except pain, were altered in cirrhosis (by 9%-42%), mainly in younger patients. There were minor differences in relation to gender, whereas etiology had no effects. Severity of disease (Child-Pugh score) and, above all, muscle cramps were the factors most closely associated with poor health status perception. Self-rating of disease progression was associated with ascites and pruritus, whereas previous variceal sclerotherapy and the use of disaccharides had a protective effect. Most areas of daily life were affected by perceived health problems; this was mainly true for paid employment and sex life in men and home life and social life in women.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Quality of life is variably impaired in cirrhosis, also in uncomplicated patients. Non-life-threatening symptoms, such as muscle cramps, are of major concern. These data are the basis for longitudinal studies measuring the effects of therapy and procedures on patient-derived health outcomes.
authors.affiliation: Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy. marchreg@med.unibo.it
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Marchesini
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bianchi
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Amodio
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Salerno
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Merli
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Panella
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Loguercio
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Apolone
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Niero
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Abbiati
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D008103:Liver Cirrhosis / Q000523:psychology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009120:Muscle Cramp / Q000523:psychology; D011537:Pruritus / Q000523:psychology; D011788:Quality of Life; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires