title: Comparison of visual estimates of children's portion sizes under both shared-plate and individual-plate conditions.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This paper compares the accuracy of visual estimations of children's food intake in settings where several children eat together off 1 plate vs individual-plate eating scenarios.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eight trained observers were tested in their ability to estimate food portions consumed by children enacting common eating scenarios. Foods were categorized by food group and according to their presentation by individual-plate and shared-plate. Observed food weight estimates were compared to actual weights.
  
  
  METHODS
  The 8 observers visually estimated 69 food portions of children eating alone and 26 portions where children were eating from a shared plate. This study was carried out in Sarlahi District, a rural, central lowland region of Nepal.
  
  
  METHODS
  Pearson's correlation coefficients were calculated to examine associations between estimated and actual weights. A fixed effects model was constructed to compare observers.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Analyses revealed that observer estimates of food weights under field conditions were well correlated with actual weights for individual-plate (r = 0.89) and for shared-plate (r = 0.84) scenarios. Observers estimated food weights when children ate together on a shared plate less accurately than they did in settings where children ate alone. With the exception of 1 observer, observers did not differ significantly in their ability to estimate food weights. Accuracy of estimations was influenced by food weight with greater error associated with food quantities of less than 70 g.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Visual estimation is a relatively accurate, valid method of assessing child food intake under rural field conditions, and the only method to obtain accurate information on dietary intake in regions where shared-plate eating is frequent.
authors.affiliation: Division of Community Health and Health Systems, E8009, Department of International Health, School of Hygiene and Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, 615 N. Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
authors.forename: A V
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Shankar
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gittelsohn
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Stallings
authors.forename: K P
authors.initials: KP
authors.lastname: West
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Gnywali
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Dhungel
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Dahal
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015930:Diet Records; D004435:Eating; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D009390:Nepal; D012424:Rural Population