title: Effects of an oral vasopressin receptor antagonist (OPC-31260) in a dog with syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone is a rare disorder in dogs characterised by hypo-osmolality and persistent arginine vasopressin production in the absence of hypovolaemia and/or hypotension. The study describes the efficacy and safety of the nonpeptide selective arginine vasopressin V2 receptor antagonist OPC-31260 in a dog with the naturally occurring syndrome.
  
  
  METHODS
  The detailed case history of a dog with spontaneous syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone that received long-term therapy with oral OPC-31260 is presented. Effects of the first dose of OPC-31260 and of a dose administered after a continuous dosing period of 12 days are reported.
  
  
  METHODS
  Packed cell volume, plasma sodium, total protein, arginine vasopressin, renin activity, atrial natriuretic peptide, urine specific gravity, urine output, heart rate and body weight were monitored for 2 h before, and for 4 h after, the first dose of OPC-31260. The same parameters plus plasma osmolality and urine osmolality were monitored when an identical dose was administered after 12 days of therapy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Oral administration of OPC-31260 at 3 mg/kg body weight resulted in marked aquaresis with increased urine output and decline in urine specific gravity within 1 h. Corresponding increases in concentrations of plasma sodium, plasma osmolality and plasma renin activity were recorded over a 4 h period. Arginine vasopressin concentration remained inappropriately elevated throughout the study. Results were similar when the trial procedure was repeated after a stabilisation period of 12 days. Long-term therapy with OPC-31260 at a dose of 3 mg/kg body weight orally every 12 h resulted in good control of clinical signs with no deleterious effects detected during a 3-year follow-up period. Despite sustained clinical benefits observed in this case, plasma sodium did not normalise with continued administration of the drug.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Treatment of a dog with naturally occurring syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone with OPC-31260 at 3 mg/kg body weight orally every 12 h resulted in marked aquaresis and significant palliation of clinical signs with no discernible side-effects detected over a 3-year period. Thus, OPC-31260 appears to offer a feasible medical alternative to water restriction for treatment of dogs with syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone. Higher doses of OPC-31260 may be required to achieve and maintain normal plasma sodium in dogs with this syndrome.
authors.affiliation: Veterinary Clinic and Hospital, University of Melbourne, 250 Princes Highway, Werribee, Victoria 3030.
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Fleeman
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Irwin
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Phillips
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: West
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D065092:Antidiuretic Hormone Receptor Antagonists; D001552:Benzazepines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000652:urine; D004285:Dogs; D007177:Inappropriate ADH Syndrome / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000662:veterinary*; D008297:Male; D012964:Sodium / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D065092:Antidiuretic Hormone Receptor Antagonists; D001552:Benzazepines; C076251:mozavaptan; D012964:Sodium