title: The effect of aging on circulating levels of proinflammatory cytokines during septic shock. Norasept II Study Investigators.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  As the proportion of the population that is older continues to rise, infection in older people has become an important healthcare problem. Although aging is associated with multiple abnormalities in immune function, the effect of aging on the production of proinflammatory cytokines has not been well studied under conditions of clinical stress.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to examine the effect of aging on circulating levels of the proinflammatory cytokines in a large cohort of septic shock patients. We hypothesized that aging would be associated with a diminished proinflammatory cytokine response to sepsis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients with septic shock who were enrolled in the placebo limb of the North American Sepsis Trial (NORASEPT II) study were analyzed.
  
  
  METHODS
  The intensive care units of 105 hospitals in the United States and Canada.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nine hundred and thirty patients presenting to hospital within 12 hours of the onset of septic shock.
  
  
  METHODS
  Interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), soluble tumor necrosis factor-receptor-55 (sTNF-R55), and soluble tumor necrosis factor-receptor-75 (sTNF-R75) concentrations were measured at enrollment. The study population was broken down into five age groups as follows: less than 50 years (group one), 50 to 64 years (group two), 65 to 74 years (group three), 75 to 84 years (group four), and 85 or older (group five). Clinical, demographic, and cytokine data were extracted to describe each age group.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Data were available for 930 patients. The patients' mean age (+/- SD) was 59 +/- 17 years (range, 18 to 102). There were 280 patients in group one, 242 in group two, 210 in group three, 150 in group four, and 48 in group five. The primary diagnoses; clinical characteristics; and IL-6, sTNF-R55, and sTNF-R75 levels were similar among the five age groups. The TNF-alpha levels were significantly higher, however, in the oldest group of patients (group five). The 28-day survival was 49% in patients over the age of 75 and 58% in those under 75 years (P = .03). There was no gender difference in survival or cytokine levels.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Contrary to our expectations, we found that aging was not associated with a decline in the circulating levels of proinflammatory cytokines.
authors.affiliation: Department of Critical Care Medicine, Mercy Hospital of Pittsburgh, PA 15219-5166, USA.
authors.forename: P E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Marik
authors.forename: G P
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Zaloga
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000375:Aging / Q000276:immunology; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015331:Cohort Studies; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D006801:Humans; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology; D008875:Middle Aged; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor / Q000032:analysis; D012772:Shock, Septic / Q000097:blood* / Q000276:immunology; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D016207:Cytokines; D007375:Interleukin-1; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha