title: Effect of drugs on response-duration differentiation VII: response-force requirements.
abstract: Rats were trained to press a lever for at least 1 s but for less than 1.3 s. The force required to press the lever was then increased or decreased by 10, 15, or 20 g. Increases in the force requirements for lever pressing decreased timing accuracy, but decreases in the force requirement had the opposite effect. Accuracy decreases at increasing force requirements were characterized by an increase in the relative frequency of responses that were too short to meet the reinforcement criterion. In contrast, increases in accuracy when the force requirements were decreased were characterized by increases in response durations that met the reinforcement criterion and decreases in the relative frequency of responses that were too short to produce the reinforcer. Phencyclidine (PCP) and methamphetamine produced dose-dependent decreases in accuracy that were associated primarily with increases in the relative frequency of short response durations, although methamphetamine also produced increases in long response durations at some doses. When the effects of PCP were determined with the force requirement increased by 10 g or decreased by 15 g, the cumulative response-duration distribution shifted toward even shorter response durations. When the effects of methamphetamine were determined with the force requirement on the lever increased by 10 g, the cumulative frequency distribution was shifted toward shorter response durations to about the same extent as it had been before force requirements increased; however, when the force required to press the lever was decreased by 15 g, these shifts toward shorter response durations almost completely disappeared. These results show that increases and decreases in the force requirements for lever pressing have different effects on the accuracy of temporal response differentiation.
authors.affiliation: University of Arkansas for Medical Science, Little Rock, USA.
authors.forename: G Y
authors.initials: GY
authors.lastname: McClure
authors.forename: W C
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Hardwick
authors.forename: D E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: McMillan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000502:physiology*; D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006213:Hallucinogens / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D008694:Methamphetamine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010622:Phencyclidine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D011930:Reaction Time / Q000187:drug effects; D012055:Reinforcement Schedule; D013998:Time Perception / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants; D006213:Hallucinogens; D008694:Methamphetamine; D010622:Phencyclidine