New developments in the biology of the glucagon-like peptides GLP-1 and GLP-2.
Glucagon-like peptides 1 and 2 (GLP-1 and GLP-2) are coencoded within a single mammalian proglucagon precursor, and are liberated in the intestine and brain. GLP-1 exerts well known actions on islet hormone secretion, gastric emptying, and food intake. Recent studies suggest GLP-1 plays a central role in the development and organization of islet cells. GLP-1 receptor signaling appears essential for beta cell signal transduction as exemplified by studies of GLP-1R-/- mice. GLP-2 promotes energy assimilation via trophic effects on the intestinal mucosa of the small and large bowel epithelium via a recently cloned GLP-2 receptor. The actions of GLP-2 are preserved in the setting of small and large bowel injury and inflammation. The biological actions of the glucagon-like peptides suggest they may have therapeutic efficacy in diabetes (GLP-1) or intestinal disorders (GLP-2).
Drucker
D J
DJ
Department of Medicine, Toronto General Hospital, Banting and Best Diabetes Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G2C4. d.drucker@utoronto.ca
Lovshin
J
J
Baggio
L
L
Nian
M
M
Adatia
F
F
Boushey
R P
RP
Liu
Y
Y
Saleh
J
J
Yusta
B
B
Scrocchi
L
L
D000818:Animals; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000628:therapy; D005934:Glucagon / Q000502:physiology*; D052216:Glucagon-Like Peptide 1; D053767:Glucagon-Like Peptide 2; D000067757:Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007410:Intestinal Diseases / Q000628:therapy; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000502:physiology; D007515:Islets of Langerhans / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000502:physiology*; D010455:Peptides / Q000502:physiology*; D011498:Protein Precursors / Q000502:physiology*; D018027:Receptors, Glucagon / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D015398:Signal Transduction
C000593834:Glp1r protein, mouse; D053767:Glucagon-Like Peptide 2; D000067757:Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D010455:Peptides; D011498:Protein Precursors; D018027:Receptors, Glucagon; D052216:Glucagon-Like Peptide 1; D005934:Glucagon