Interleukin 15: its role in inflammation and immunity.
Interleukin 15 (IL-15) is a 14-15 kDa polypeptide that belongs to the 4 alpha-helix-bundle family of cytokines and was originally discovered due to its T cell proliferative activity. It utilizes the signal-transducing beta/gamma polypeptides of the IL-2 receptor complex, thus sharing many biological activities with IL-2, in addition to its high-affinity private receptor subunit IL-15R alpha. Accumulating evidence indicates that the biological relevance of IL-15 may not solely be confined to T lymphocytes, but to a variety of cell populations within the immune system as well as outside the immune system of the host. The expression of both IL-15 and its high-affinity receptor component, IL-15R alpha, are readily demonstrable in a wide variety of tissues and appear to be augmented in response to environmental/stress stimuli and infectious agents. There is increasing evidence to suggest that IL-15 may play an important role in protective immune responses, allograft rejection and the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases, where mononuclear cell infiltration is a hallmark feature. Herein, the effects of IL-15 on cells associated with host defense, immunity and inflammation are reviewed and support a central role for this cytokine in orchestrating multiple aspects of effector functions in immunity and inflammation.
Perera
L P
LP
Metabolism Branch, Division of Clinical Sciences, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA. pereral@mail.nih.gov
D000818:Animals; D001327:Autoimmune Diseases / Q000276:immunology; D001402:B-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D003141:Communicable Diseases / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007111:Immunity, Cellular; D007249:Inflammation / Q000276:immunology*; D019409:Interleukin-15 / Q000276:immunology* / Q000502:physiology*; D007694:Killer Cells, Natural / Q000276:immunology; D053647:Receptors, Interleukin-15; D015375:Receptors, Interleukin-2 / Q000502:physiology; D015398:Signal Transduction
C508024:IL15RA protein, human; D019409:Interleukin-15; D053647:Receptors, Interleukin-15; D015375:Receptors, Interleukin-2