title: Hepatocellular carcinoma metastatic to the orbit.
abstract: Orbital metastases of hepatocellular carcinoma are rare. The authors report a case of hepatocellular carcinoma metastatic to the orbit. A 56-year-old woman with hepatitis B infection as confirmed serologic test for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) demonstrated superior displacement of the left eyeball. The clinical appearance of the patient demonstrated an inferior displacement of the right eye. MRI disclosed an orbital mass that extended toward the lower eyelid and into the temporal fossa with destruction of the lateral orbital wall. Upon subsequent abdominal computed tomographic scans, the primary tumor was found in the liver. A biopsy specimen of the orbit showed trabecular structures with eosinophilic cytoplasm. Bile canaliculi and sinusoids were also seen. The tumor cells showed vesicular nuclei with mitoses. Immunohistochemical markers such as high-molecular-weight keratin and alpha-fetoprotein showed a positive response. However, immunohistochemical markers such as low-molecular-weight keratin and polyclonal carcinoembryonic antigen showed as negative. We diagnosed the tumor as a hepatocellular carcinoma metastatic to the orbit. A review of the pertinent literature disclosed relatively few occurrences of hepatocellular carcinoma metastasizing to the orbit.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, #50 Samduck-Dong, Jung-Ku, Taegu 700-721, Korea.
authors.forename: I T
authors.initials: IT
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: S C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Na
authors.forename: B Y
authors.initials: BY
authors.lastname: Jung
mesh_terms: D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000556:secondary*; D005260:Female; D006509:Hepatitis B / Q000150:complications; D006801:Humans; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008875:Middle Aged; D009915:Orbit / Q000473:pathology; D009918:Orbital Neoplasms / Q000556:secondary*; D011860:Radiography, Abdominal; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed