title: The background of the MERIT-HF trial.
abstract: In the not so distant past, the idea of using beta-blockers as a primary therapy for congestive heart failure to improve symptoms and prognosis seemed paradoxical. The cardiac community reacted with skepticism when, in 1975, the pioneering report of Waagstein et al. appeared in the British Heart Journal. Since then numerous groups have investigated the effects of beta-adrenoceptor antagonists in patients with congestive heart failure. Unfortunately, the results of these trials have sometimes contradicted one another. Exercise tolerance and left ventricular ejection fraction improved in the trials with a duration of treatment of longer than 3 months, but no benefit was observed when beta-blockers were administered for only 1 month. Now, in the year 2000 we have proof for the concept that beta-blockade improves symptoms and prolongs life in heart failure. Three large placebo-controlled clinical trials with more than 9000 patients have shown that carvedilol, bisoprolol and metoprolol significantly reduce morbidity and mortality in heart failure. These agents, therefore, are clearly indicated in the majority of patients with mild to moderate heart failure.
authors.affiliation: Charité, Medizinische Fakultät der Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Franz-Volhard-Klinik, Germany. dietz@fvk-berlin.de
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Dietz
authors.forename: K J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Osterziel
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Willenbrock
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hänlein
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: von Harsdorf
mesh_terms: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000818:Animals; D002309:Cardiology / Q000639:trends; D002395:Catecholamines / Q000097:blood; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D013564:Sympathetic Nervous System / Q000503:physiopathology
chemical_list: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; D002395:Catecholamines