title: Citalopram therapy for depression: a review of 10 years of European experience and data from U.S. clinical trials.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This review summarizes and evaluates clinical experience with citalopram, the latest selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) to be approved for the treatment of depression in the United States.
  
  
  METHODS
  Published reports of randomized, double-blind, controlled clinical studies of citalopram were retrieved using a MEDLINE literature search. Search terms included citalopram, SSRI, TCA (tricylic antidepressant), depression, and clinical. For each study, data on antidepressant efficacy and adverse events were evaluated. Pharmacokinetic studies and case reports were reviewed to supplement the evaluation of citalopram's safety and tolerability. Data presented at major medical conferences and published in abstract form also were reviewed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirty randomized, double-blind, controlled studies of the antidepressant efficacy of citalopram were located and reviewed. In 11 studies, citalopram was compared with placebo (1 of these studies also included comparison with another SSRI). In 4 additional studies, the efficacy of citalopram in preventing depression relapse or recurrence was investigated. In another 11 studies (including 1 meta-analysis of published and unpublished trials), citalopram was compared with tricyclic and tetracyclic antidepressants. Finally, results are available from 4 studies in which citalopram was compared with other SSRIs. A placebo-controlled study of citalopram for the treatment of panic disorder was reviewed for data on long-term adverse events.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Data published over the last decade suggest that citalopram is (1) superior to placebo in the treatment of depression, (2) has efficacy similar to that of the tricyclic and tetracyclic antidepressants and to other SSRIs, and (3) is safe and well tolerated in the therapeutic dose range of 20 to 60 mg/day. Distinct from some other agents in its class, citalopram exhibits linear pharmacokinetics and minimal drug interaction potential. These features make citalopram an attractive agent for the treatment of depression, especially among the elderly and patients with comorbid illness.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Brown University, Butler Hospital, Providence, RI 02906, USA.
authors.forename: M B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Keller
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000928:Antidepressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000929:Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015283:Citalopram / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015897:Comorbidity; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000523:psychology; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D017277:Drug Approval; D005060:Europe; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015201:Meta-Analysis as Topic; D008875:Middle Aged; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D017367:Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014481:United States
chemical_list: D000928:Antidepressive Agents; D000929:Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic; D015283:Citalopram; D017367:Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors