title: Osseous anatomy of the scapula.
abstract: Detailed anatomy and morphometry of the scapula were obtained to provide information for surgical procedures such as hardware fixation, drill hole placement, arthroscopic portal placement, and prosthetic positioning. Twenty-six measurements were made in 15 pairs of scapulas from cadavers. The average length of the scapulas from the superior to the inferior angle was 155 +/- 16 mm (mean +/- standard deviation). The thickness of the medial border 1 cm from the edge was 4 +/- 1 mm. The superior border was sharp and thin, and the suprascapular notch was present as a foramen in two scapulas. The distance from the base of the suprascapular notch to the superior rim of the glenoid was 32 +/- 3 mm. The length of the spine from the medial edge of the scapula to the lateral edge of the acromion was 134 +/- 12 mm. The anteroposterior width of the spine at 1 and 4 cm from the medial edge was 7 +/- 1 and 18 +/- 3 mm, respectively; the width at the lateral edge (spinoglenoid notch) was 46 +/- 6 mm. The acromion measured 48 +/- 5 mm x 22 +/- 4 mm and was 9 +/- 1 mm thick. The acromial shape was flat in 23%, curved in 63%, and hooked in 14% of scapulas. The distance from the glenoid to the acromion was 16 +/- 2 mm. The glenoid dimensions were 29 +/- 3 mm (anteroposterior) x 36 +/- 4 mm (superoinferior) and faced posterior by 8 +/- 4 degrees. Anteroposterior thickness of the head of the scapula 1 cm from the surface was 22 +/- 4 mm. The thickness of the coracoid was 11 +/- 1 mm. The average length of the coracoacromial ligament was 27 +/- 5 mm. Scapulas from male cadavers were significantly larger than scapulas from female cadavers in 19 measurements.
authors.affiliation: Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Toronto Western Hospital, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: H P
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: von Schroeder
authors.forename: S D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Kuiper
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Botte
mesh_terms: D000174:Acromion / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D000886:Anthropometry; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012540:Scapula / Q000033:anatomy & histology*