title: International trade. Multinational aspects.
abstract: Of numerous regional economic agreements, the European Union (EU), the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), South American Common Market (MERCOSUR), the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) and the Australia-New Zealand Closer Economic Relations Agreement are examples that are actively pursuing regional integration for freer trade of animals and animal products. The World Trade Organization (WTO) believes that regional and multinational integration initiatives are complements rather than alternatives in the pursuit of more open trade. In the efforts to harmonize SPS standards among multilateral trading nations, it is recommended that national requirements meet the standards developed by the OIE and the FAO/WHO Codex Alimentarius Commission as the minimum requirements rather than adopting the standards of the lowest common denominator. Regional grouping may hinder multilateral or bilateral trade between the countries of a group and those of the other groups. How to eliminate such non-tariff barriers as traditional trade custom remains to be examined. Ongoing activities of VICH (Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Registration of Veterinary Medical Products) may pave the way for more open trade in pharmaceutical products between multilateral regional groups.
authors.affiliation: OIE Regional Representation, Tokyo 107-0062, Japan. oietokyo@tky.3web.ne.jp
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ozawa
mesh_terms: D000827:Animal Welfare / Q000592:standards*; D000818:Animals; D001210:Asia, Southeastern; D001315:Australia; D003132:Commerce; D007391:International Cooperation; D009520:New Zealand; D009656:North America; D013020:South America; D014730:Veterinary Medicine