title: Formation of the D-loop structure complexes between DNA and oligonucleotides and affinity modification of DNA by chemically reactive derivatives of oligonucleotides lead to the recombination.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Affinity modification of DNA by chemically reactive derivatives of complementary oligonucleotides (ODNs) and antisense ODNs has shown an application for the inhibition of gene expression and the growth of viruses and parasites in high organisms. Unfortunately, the rapid advancement of antisense therapeutic approaches is not parallel to the investigation of possible consequences of antisense and gene-directed ODNs on genetic material of the cells being treated. Here we tried for the first time to estimate a possible genetic impact of antisense ODNs and their chemically reactive derivatives on the cells using bacteria and the plasmid DNA.
  
  
  METHODS
  Recombination of direct repeats, induced by the formation of reversible complexes of plasmid DNA with complementary ODNs and after covalent binding of the alkylating derivative of the ODNs with DNA, has been investigated. For this purpose, a polylinker sequence flanked by 165 bp direct repeats was inserted within the tet gene of pBR 327. This plasmid was used to construct DNA containing AT- and GC-rich sequences placed in the central region of the polylinker.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Transformation of E. coli cells with the plasmids (and with mixtures of the plasmids with d(pN)17 complementary to the AT- and GC-rich sequences) did not produce deletions. After modification of plasmids with alkylating derivatives of d(pN)17, the deletion of the polylinker DNA region (recombination) revealed the restoration of the tet gene function. The same effect was found at the cell transformations with the D-loop complex of the plasmids with ODNs, but the frequency of the transformants was about 1.5-2 times lower. The data obtained demonstrate that the complexes of DNA with complementary ODNs and the modification of the plasmids by reactive ODN derivatives result in induction of the recombination process and in loss of genetic material.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Division, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia.
authors.forename: O I
authors.initials: OI
authors.lastname: Sinitsina
authors.forename: K V
authors.initials: KV
authors.lastname: Stoletov
authors.forename: D V
authors.initials: DV
authors.lastname: Bugreev
authors.forename: G A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Maksakova
authors.forename: I F
authors.initials: IF
authors.lastname: Bugreeva
authors.forename: E A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Vasyunina
authors.forename: G A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Nevinsky
mesh_terms: D001483:Base Sequence; D004247:DNA / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics*; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000235:genetics; D009690:Nucleic Acid Conformation; D009838:Oligodeoxyribonucleotides / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics*; D010957:Plasmids / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D011995:Recombination, Genetic
chemical_list: D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D009838:Oligodeoxyribonucleotides; D004247:DNA