title: Bilateral breast relapse in acute myelogenous leukemia.
abstract: We present the case of an 11.5-year-old girl with M1 acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) who had isolated extramedullary relapse develop in both breasts 12 months after diagnosis and 7 months off chemotherapy. She received further chemotherapy, focal radiation therapy, then underwent a matched, unrelated bone marrow transplant and continues in remission 37 months later. Review of the literature revealed 10 cases in other children younger than 21-years-old with AML and breast involvement. These cases are summarized, and potential pathophysiologic mechanisms of spread are discussed. Breast involvement in AML is rare in children. However, regular breast examinations should be performed as part of routine follow-up in all girls with AML.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Baystate Medical Center, Springfield, Massachusetts, USA. monteleonep@health.missouri.edu
authors.forename: P M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Monteleone
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Steele
authors.forename: A K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: King
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Konefal
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Kelleher
mesh_terms: D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001706:Biopsy; D016026:Bone Marrow Transplantation; D001940:Breast / Q000473:pathology*; D002648:Child; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D003561:Cytarabine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D003630:Daunorubicin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D003907:Dexamethasone / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005047:Etoposide / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005260:Female; D006086:Graft vs Host Disease / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D015255:Idarubicin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D007155:Immunologic Factors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015470:Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology* / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000628:therapy; D017254:Leukemic Infiltration; D011882:Radiotherapy, High-Energy; D012008:Recurrence; D016879:Salvage Therapy; D013866:Thioguanine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D019172:Transplantation Conditioning; D014740:Vidarabine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*
chemical_list: D007155:Immunologic Factors; D007376:Interleukin-2; D003561:Cytarabine; D005047:Etoposide; D003907:Dexamethasone; D014740:Vidarabine; D013866:Thioguanine; C024352:fludarabine; D015255:Idarubicin; D003630:Daunorubicin