title: [Study on preparation and biodistribution of PEG-immunoliposomes with active carboxylic terminals].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In order to accumulate into its target specifically, the immunoliposomes must possess two characteristics: specific target efficiency to its target cells and prolonged circulation in blood. A new type of polyethylene glycol (PEG)-immunoliposomes carrying monoclonal antibodies at the distal end of PEG chains should be developed.
  
  
  METHODS
  A dipalmitoylphosphatidylethanolamine (DPPE) derivative of PEG with carboxyl group (DPPE-PEG3000-COOH) was newly synthesized. Small unilamellar liposomes were prepared from egg phosphatidyl choline and cholesterol (5:4, mol/mol) containing 6 mol% DPPE-PEG3000-COOH using reverse-phase evaporation method followed with bath sonication. Monoclonal antibody of human bladder cancer cell (BDI-1), which is highly specific to human bladder cancer cell, was conjugated to PEG-liposomes as well as mouse IgG at the distal end of polyethylene glycol chain. Doxorubicin was entrapped into these immunoliposomes by remote (NH4)2SO4 gradient loading method. The specific targeting efficiency of these immnoliposomes was tested by cytotoxicity test in vitro, enzyme-linked immune sorbent assay (ELISA) and indirect fluorescent immunoassay. Its biodistribution was carried out in mice.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The specific targeting efficiency of BDI-1 immunoliposomes (BDI-1-IML) to EJ cells has been demonstrated, in contrast to the nonspecific human colon carcinoma cells (LOVO). PEG-liposomes linked with mouse IgG (mouse-IgG-immunoliposomes, IgG-IML) displayed lower reticulo-endothelial systems (RES) uptake and longer circulation time than liposomes without PEG after intravenous injection.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The long circulation of these PEG-immunoliposomes in vivo, combined with its specific targeting efficiency demonstrated in vitro, guarantees the positive targeting efficiency of these immunoliposomes to its target carcinoma in vivo.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Physical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Medical University, Beijing 100083, China.
authors.forename: Y F
authors.initials: YF
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: S S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.forename: X P
authors.initials: XP
authors.lastname: Hou
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Z S
authors.initials: ZS
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002264:Carboxylic Acids; D004317:Doxorubicin / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D006801:Humans; D000922:Immunotoxins / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008081:Liposomes / Q000737:chemistry; D051379:Mice; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; D014018:Tissue Distribution; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D002264:Carboxylic Acids; D000922:Immunotoxins; D008081:Liposomes; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; D004317:Doxorubicin