title: Giant bronchial carcinoid tumors: a multidisciplinary approach.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Bronchial carcinoid tumors account for approximately 2% of all lung tumors. Although they were considered benign lesions, they are now categorized malignant, occasionally with poor prognosis. The clinical symptoms can be highly variable and are often present for many years before diagnosis. Whereas some carcinoids are entirely asymptomatic, others are accompanied by carcinoid or paraneoplastic syndromes.
  
  
  METHODS
  We describe the multidisciplinary management of a 34-year-old female patient with a massive actively secreting bronchial carcinoid tumor of the right lung. Furthermore, we provide a review of the literature regarding the operative treatment and the perioperative management of pulmonary carcinoid tumors with respect to surgical, anesthetic, radiologic, and pathologic considerations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the reported case, the first symptoms were chronic watery diarrhea, skin flushing, progressive shortness of breath, and increasing right shoulder pain. When the patient initially presented at our institution, the tumor had already reached an enormous size and it involved the right and left atrium as well as the atrial septum. Using an evidence-based, multidisciplinary approach the patient was treated successfully with extended surgical resection.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Carcinoid tumors are potentially curable even if they reach a significant size and thus an aggressive strategy is warranted. The management of such cases requires careful investigation, planning, and treatment with collaborative expertise provided by a multidisciplinary team. We demonstrated that this approach can lead to a favorable outcome in what first appeared to be a formidable and unresectable tumor.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, The Toronto General Hospital, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fischer
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kruger
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: McRae
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Merchant
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Tsao
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Keshavjee
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001984:Bronchial Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D002276:Carcinoid Tumor / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D019616:Thoracic Surgical Procedures