title: Multifunctional organic nitrates as constituents in European and US urban photo-smog.
abstract: Air samples of the atmospheric ground layer in the cities of Ulm in Germany, Las Vegas, Nevada, and Salt Lake City, Utah, in the US were analyzed for organic nitrates. The air samples were taken around noon in summer at sunny weather conditions. 43 (C6-C13) alkyl mononitrates, 24 (C3-C6) alkyl dinitrates, and 19 (C2-C6) hydroxy alkyl nitrates have been identified. The analytical protocol included high-volume-sampling, NP-HPLC group separation, high resolution capillary gas chromatography, and detection by the highly selective mass spectrometer detector (SIM mode, m/z = 46). The levels of the sum of 15 (C6-C10) alkyl mononitrates ranged from 2.9 to 11.0 parts per trillion (ppt(v)). The levels of the sum of 21 (C3-C6) alkyl dinitrates ranged from 2.3 to 10.5 ppt(v), and the levels of the sum of 7 (C2-C4) hydroxy alkyl nitrates ranged from 7.3 to 28 ppt(v), respectively, in the urban air samples. These results emphazise the contribution of the alkyl dinitrates and hydroxy alkyl nitrates besides the alkyl mononitrates to the budget of NO(Y) compounds. No major differences in levels and pattern of the organic nitrates are present in air of the German and the US cities.
authors.affiliation: Department of Analytical and Environmental Chemistry, University of Ulm, Germany.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kastler
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Jarman
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ballschmiter