title: The effects of postinjection massage on the sensitivity of lymphatic mapping in breast cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The technique of lymphatic mapping and sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy is rapidly becoming the preferred method of staging the axilla of the breast cancer patient. This report describes the impact of postinjection massage on the sensitivity of this surgical technique.
  
  
  METHODS
  Lymphatic mapping at the H Lee Moffitt Cancer Center is performed using a combination of isosulfan blue dye and Tc99m labeled sulfur colloid. Data describing the rate of SLN identification and the node characteristics from 594 consecutive patients were calculated. Patients who received a 5-minute massage after injection of blue dye and radiocolloid were compared with a control group in which the patients did not receive a postinjection massage.
  
  
  RESULTS
  When compared with controls, the proportion of patients who had their SLN identified using blue dye after massage increased from 73.0% to 88.3%, and the proportion of patients who had their SLN identified using radiocolloid after massage increased from 81.7% to 91.3%. The overall rate of SLN identification increased from 93.5% to 97.8%. The proportion of nodes that were stained blue among those removed increased from 73.4% to 79.7% after massage.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  As experience increases with this new procedure, the surgical technique of lymphatic mapping continues to evolve. The addition of a postinjection massage significantly improves the uptake of blue dye by SLNs and may also aid in the accumulation of radioactivity in the SLNs, further increasing the sensitivity of this procedure.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, H Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa 33612, USA.
authors.forename: S S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Bass
authors.forename: C E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Cox
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Salud
authors.forename: G H
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Lyman
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: McCann
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Dupont
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Berman
authors.forename: D S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Reintgen
mesh_terms: D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008405:Massage; D009367:Neoplasm Staging / Q000379:methods*; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D012394:Rosaniline Dyes; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D021701:Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy / Q000379:methods*; D013671:Technetium Tc 99m Sulfur Colloid
chemical_list: D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D012394:Rosaniline Dyes; C025484:iso-sulfan blue; D013671:Technetium Tc 99m Sulfur Colloid