title: Indexation of left ventricular mass in adults with a novel approximation for fat-free mass.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Indexation to fat-free mass (FFM) seems to be the best option for adjusting left ventricular (LV) mass. However, measurements of FFM are frequently not available.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To define the relation of FFM with commonly available anthropometric measures in order to derive an approximation formula of FFM that can be used for valid indexation of LV mass.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 1,371 subjects from a community survey were examined by echocardiography to measure LV mass and by bioelectrical impedance analyses (BIA) for the determination of FFM. An approximation of FFM was generated in a healthy subgroup of 213 men and 291 women by non-linear regression techniques.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with body height, height2.0, height2.7, (the superscripts following weight and height are raised powers used as a more appropriate method for indexing LV mass) or body surface area, FFM measured by BIA in the healthy subgroups was best predicted by gender-specific equations of the form: FFM = 5.1 x height1.14 x weight0.41 for men and FFM = 5.34 x height1.47 x weight0.33 for women. In the healthy reference group, indexation of LV mass for BIA-determined FFM and approximated FFM (FFMa), respectively, equally eliminated gender differences in LV mass and markedly reduced the influence of body mass index without affecting the associations between blood pressure and LV mass. Validation of FFMa in two independent population-based samples, aged 52 to 67 years, of the same source population confirmed that LV mass indexed by FFMa produced results that were highly consistent with those obtained with indexation by BIA-determined FFM.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We propose a novel approximation of FFM based on exponentials of body height and weight. It performed well in the indexation of LV mass in middle-aged men and women of this study. Evaluation of the equation in other populations should be awaited before its use is recommended in situations where direct determination of FFM is not possible.
authors.affiliation: Institut für Epidemiologie und Sozialmedizin, Bereich Klinische Epidemiologie, University of Münster, Germany.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kuch
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Gneiting
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Döring
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Muscholl
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Bröckel
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Schunkert
authors.forename: H W
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Hense
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001827:Body Height; D001835:Body Weight; D004452:Echocardiography; D017097:Electric Impedance; D005260:Female; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012016:Reference Values; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012727:Sex Characteristics