title: Abnormal glucose tolerance and increased risk for cardiovascular disease in Japanese-Americans with normal fasting glucose.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the American Diabetes Association (ADA) fasting glucose and the World Health Organization (WHO) oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) criteria for diagnosing diabetes and detecting people at increased risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD).
  
  
  METHODS
  Study subjects were 596 Japanese-Americans. Fasting insulin, lipids, and C-peptide levels; systolic and diastolic blood pressures (BPs); BMI (kg/m2); and total and intra-abdominal body fat distribution by computed tomography (CT) were measured. Study subjects were categorized by ADA criteria as having normal fasting glucose (NFG), impaired fasting glucose (IFG), and diabetic fasting glucose and by WHO criteria for a 75-g OGTT as having normal glucose tolerance (NGT), impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), and diabetic glucose tolerance (DGT).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 503 patients with NFG, 176 had IGT and 20 had DGT These patients had worse CVD risk factors than those with NGT . The mean values for NGT, IGT, and DGT, respectively, and analysis of covariance P values, adjusted for age and sex, are as follows; intra-abdominal fat area by CT 69.7, 95.0, and 101.1 cm2 (P < 0.0001); total CT fat area 437.7, 523.3, and 489.8 cm2 (P < 0.0001); fasting triglycerides 1.40, 1.77, and 1.74 mmol/l (P = 0.002); fasting HDL cholesterol 1.56, 1.50, and 1.49 mmol/l (P = 0.02); C-peptide 0.80, 0.90, 0.95 nmol/l (P = 0.002); systolic BP 124.9, 132.4, and 136.9 mmHg (P = 0.0035); diastolic BP 74.8, 77.7, and 78.2 mmHg (P = 0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  NFG patients who had IGT or DGT had more intra-abdominal fat and total adiposity; higher insulin, C-peptide, and triglyceride levels; lower HDL cholesterol levels; and higher BPs than those with NGT. Classification by fasting glucose misses many Japanese-Americans with abnormal glucose tolerance and less favorable cardiovascular risk profiles.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle 98195, USA. davliao@u.washington.edu
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Liao
authors.forename: J B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Shofer
authors.forename: E J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Boyko
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: McNeely
authors.forename: D L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Leonetti
authors.forename: S E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Kahn
authors.forename: W Y
authors.initials: WY
authors.lastname: Fujimoto
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001213:Asian; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis*; D001794:Blood Pressure; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002096:C-Peptide / Q000097:blood; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000209:etiology*; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000209:etiology; D048909:Diabetes Complications; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000097:blood; D005215:Fasting; D005260:Female; D018149:Glucose Intolerance; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D007564:Japan / Q000208:ethnology; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D002096:C-Peptide; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D007328:Insulin; D008055:Lipids