title: Removal of fat from cow's milk decreases the vitamin E contents of the resulting dairy products.
abstract: The present study was undertaken to determine whether decreases in fat contents result in lower vitamin E contents. Milk samples of varying fat contents (half and half, whole milk, reduced-fat milk, low-fat milk, and nonfat milk) were obtained from a local dairy on six different occasions. alpha-Tocopherol was the major form of vitamin E (>85%); gamma-tocopherol and alpha-tocotrienol were present to a lesser extent. As the fat contents of milk products decreased from 11 to 0.3%, the vitamin E contents decreased. For example, raw milk as compared to nonfat milk had both higher (-tocopherol contents (45.5 +/- 4.6 vs. 4.5 +/- 0.5 microg/100 g; P < or = 0.0001) and higher total lipids (3.46 +/- 0.49 vs. 0.30 +/- 0.07 g/100 g; P < or = 0.0001). Vitamin E, cholesterol, and total lipids increased as cream was added back to nonfat milk during production. For every 1 mg cholesterol increase, there was an increase of approximately 4 microg of alpha-tocopherol; for every 1 g total lipids increase, the alpha-tocopherol content increased by 17 microg. These data demonstrate that removal of milk fat markedly decreases the vitamin E content of various milk products.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition and Food Management, University of North Carolina, Greensboro, USA.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kaushik
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wander
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Leonard
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: German
authors.forename: M G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Traber
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000032:analysis; D003611:Dairy Products / Q000032:analysis*; D005511:Food Handling; D008055:Lipids / Q000032:analysis*; D008892:Milk / Q000737:chemistry*; D024508:Tocotrienols; D014810:Vitamin E / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D008055:Lipids; D024508:Tocotrienols; D014810:Vitamin E; D002784:Cholesterol; C082032:tocotrienol, alpha