title: Marking hypoxia in rat prostate carcinomas with beta-D-[125I]azomycin galactopyranoside and.
abstract: The purpose of this study was to determine, with a rodent tumor model, if microelectrode measurements of unmodulated tumor oxygenation predict for the avidity of hypoxic markers to tumor tissue.
  
  
  METHODS
  The rapidly growing, anaplastic variant of the Dunning rat prostate carcinoma cell line (R3327-AT) was implanted subcutaneously on the upper backs of Fischer X Copenhagen rats. Approximately 100 measurements of PO2 were obtained from tumors of 5-10 g in animals that were restrained and then subjected to different anesthetic procedures. Values of median PO2 (in mm Hg) and percentage of measurements <5 mm Hg obtained from individual tumors were used to define tumor oxygenation status. The radiodiagnostic hypoxic markers beta-D-iodinated azomycin galactopyranoside (IAZGP) and [99mTc]HL-91 were simultaneously administered to 26 animals whose tumor oxygen levels had been measured. Six hours after marker administration, the animals were killed; tumor, blood, and muscle tissues were sampled; and percentage injected dose per gram (%ID/g*), tumor/blood ratio (T/B), and tumor/muscle ratio (T/M) parameters were determined. Parameters of marker avidity to individual tumors were linearly correlated with microelectrode measurements of tumor oxygenation to determine the significance of inverse associations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The median PO2 of 41 tumors varied from 2.0 to 20.9 mm Hg, with an average value of 7.5 +/- 1.4 mm Hg. Six tumors had unusually high values; that is, >10 mm Hg, and when these were excluded from the analysis, the average median PO2 of the remaining 35 was 4.3 +/- 0.7 mm Hg. When electrode measurements of tumor oxygenation were obtained under conditions of halothane anesthesia with the animals breathing O2, carbogen, or air, median PO2 values increased significantly (P = 0.001). When animals were deeply anesthetized by intraperitoneal injection of ketamine-xylazine, median PO2 values were not significantly different (P = 0.13) from those obtained while the animals were restrained and breathing air. There was no inverse correlation of significance between the electrode measurements of median PO2 and the avidity of beta-D-IAZGP nor [99mTc]HL-91 in this tumor model. The range of median PO2 values in these tumors was at least 3 mm Hg, and the range of hypoxic marker avidity was less than twofold.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data demonstrate that microelectrode measurements of rat tumor oxygenation did not correlate with the avidity of the two hypoxic markers, at least in this tumor model. The larger dynamic range of tumor oxygen measurements obtained with microelectrodes might be biased to low values by their necrotic fractions, the zones within solid tumors that contain dead cells and debris that will not be labeled by bioreducible hypoxic markers. Hypoxic marker avidity to individual tumors will have to be validated by other assays that can predict for their radiosensitivity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19111, USA.
authors.forename: R V
authors.initials: RV
authors.lastname: Iyer
authors.forename: P T
authors.initials: PT
authors.lastname: Haynes
authors.forename: R F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Schneider
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Movsas
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Chapman
mesh_terms: D000758:Anesthesia; D000818:Animals; D015687:Cell Hypoxia; D005960:Glucosides; D008297:Male; D008839:Microelectrodes; D009368:Neoplasm Transplantation; D009593:Nitroimidazoles; D015609:Organotechnetium Compounds; D010091:Oximes; D010100:Oxygen / Q000378:metabolism*; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism*; D011877:Radionuclide Imaging; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D051381:Rats; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D005960:Glucosides; D009593:Nitroimidazoles; D015609:Organotechnetium Compounds; D010091:Oximes; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; C105527:technetium Tc 99m 4,9-diaza-3,3,10,10-tetramethyldodecan-2,11-dione dioxime; D010100:Oxygen