title: Relationships between cigarette smoking, alcohol drinking, the ALDH2 genotype and adenomatous types of colorectal polyps in male self-defense force officials.
abstract: Alcohol drinking as well as cigarette smoking has been associated with development of colorectal polyps, Asians such, as Japanese, Chinese and Korean have high frequency of genetic polymorphism in low Km aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH2) gene which greatly regulates alcohol intake. In the present study, we investigated associations of this polymorphism and lifestyles with colorectal polyps in self-defense forces personnels in Japan. All subjects received colonoscopy at a retirement health examination. The ALDH2 genotype was determined using polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism method. Frequency of the ALDH2 genotype was not different between those with colorectal polyps (n=69) and those without the polyps (n=131). Smoking was associated with development of colorectal polyps (OR=4.7, 95% confidence interval=1.9-11.5) in the ALDH2 proficient genotype. The association appeared to be enhanced by drinking alcohol since a synergistic effect of smoking and alcohol drinking (> or =60 ml/day) was indicated (OR=9.9, 95% confidence interval=2.9-34.1) by logistic regression analysis. In the ALDH2 deficient genotype, however, we could not evaluate interactions of smoking and alcohol drinking on colorectal polyp development because of the small sample size of heavy alcohol drinkers. The genotype analysis would be useful in evaluating effects of environmental factors on outcomes for each genetically defined subpopulation.
authors.affiliation: Cancer Information and Epidemiology Division, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Takeshita
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Morimoto
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yamaguchi
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Todoroki
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Honjo
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nakagawa
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kono
mesh_terms: D018256:Adenomatous Polyps / Q000453:epidemiology*; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000453:epidemiology*; D000444:Aldehyde Dehydrogenase / Q000235:genetics*; D003111:Colonic Polyps / Q000453:epidemiology*; D003113:Colonoscopy; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008889:Military Personnel; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D012150:Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length; D012004:Rectal Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology*
chemical_list: D000444:Aldehyde Dehydrogenase