title: Choosing an oestrogen replacement therapy in young adult women with Turner syndrome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is prescribed to most patients with Turner syndrome (TS) although its use in adult TS patients has not been scientifically evaluated. The present study was performed to compare the short-term effects in adult women with Turner syndrome of low-dose oral conjugated oestrogen (0.625 mg, CE) with relatively high dose ethinyl oestradiol (30 microg, EE2); both combined with an oral progestin.
  
  
  METHODS
  After 4 months off HRT, 17 young, otherwise healthy women with TS were enrolled in a random, unblinded, crossover study of the two oestrogenic preparations, each given for 6 months.
  
  
  METHODS
  We compared parameters of oestrogenic activity that would cover immediate changes in hormone levels, biochemistry, bone turnover, uterine and cardiac variables, which constitute risk factors for later development of diabetes, atherosclerosis, osteoporosis and aortic dissection.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Serum FSH returned to normal follicular phase levels only on the EE2 regimen. The hypotrophic endometria normalized with either of the two oestrogen regimens with no excessive hypertrophy. Hyperinsulinaemia was suppressed to normal by both EE2 and CE. PTH and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D levels increased on HRT (EE2 > CE), and phosphorus decreased. Alkaline phosphatase, osteocalcin and urinary deoxypyridinoline cross-links (DPD) were high off therapy; the former two suppressed to high-normal levels on the EE2 regimen, but not on CE, and DPD did not normalize with either HRT. Lipid profiles in these young TS patients were normal. Liver enzymes were mildly elevated off therapy and suppressed to normal levels on both regimens, but more so with EE2.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The risk factors embodied in hyperinsulinaemia and enhanced bone turnover which, ultimately, have consequences for TS morbidity, are minimized by HRT. In the short term, neither regimen is effective for bone turnover in adult women with Turner syndrome.
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatrics, Rambam Medical Center, Haifa, Israel.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Guttmann
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Weiner
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Nikolski
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ish-Shalom
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Itskovitz-Eldor
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Aviram
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Reisner
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Hochberg
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000596:Amino Acids / Q000652:urine; D001014:Aortic Aneurysm / Q000150:complications; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D016723:Bone Remodeling / Q000187:drug effects; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D004452:Echocardiography; D004717:Endometrium / Q000187:drug effects; D015914:Estrogen Replacement Therapy; D004966:Estrogens, Conjugated (USP) / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004997:Ethinyl Estradiol / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008111:Liver Function Tests; D015675:Osteocalcin / Q000097:blood; D011372:Progestins / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014424:Turner Syndrome / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000596:Amino Acids; D015415:Biomarkers; D004966:Estrogens, Conjugated (USP); D011372:Progestins; D015675:Osteocalcin; D004997:Ethinyl Estradiol; C036020:deoxypyridinoline