title: Regulation of mucociliary motility by nitric oxide and expression of nitric oxide synthase in the human sinus epithelial cells.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study was performed to investigate the changes in ciliary beat frequency (CBF) after treatment with Larginine in the human sinus mucosa and to determine the distribution of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) in the healthy sinus mucosa.
  
  
  METHODS
  CBF was measured in the sphenoid sinus mucosa of 12 patients who underwent trans-septal trans-sphenoidal hypophysectomy for the treatment of pituitary gland tumor. CBF was measured over 24 hours in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM) after treatment with L-arginine, its inactive spatial isomer D-arginine, or an NOS inhibitor, N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME). DMEM without treatment with these materials was used as a control. Other pieces of the mucosa were exposed to L-NAME and its inactive spatial isomer D-NAME after preincubation with L-arginine. The specimens were immunohistochemically stained for iNOS and eNOS.
  
  
  RESULTS
  CBF increased 24 hours after treatment with L-arginine as compared with control groups. CBF increased in proportion to the increasing concentrations of L-arginine. There was no significant change after treatment with D-arginine or L-NAME. CBF increased after treatment with L-arginine at 30 minutes and maintained for 24 hours. L-NAME inhibited the increase in CBF by L-arginine, but D-NAME showed no such effect. Immunoreactivity to both iNOS and eNOS was frequently observed in the ciliated epithelial cells and was stronger to eNOS than to iNOS.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  From the results of this study it is suggested that nitric oxide (NO) produced by iNOS and eNOS using L-arginine may increase CBF in the healthy sinus mucosa and that NO may have a regulatory function in ciliary motility in the human sinus mucosa.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology--Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Korea.
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Y G
authors.initials: YG
authors.lastname: Min
authors.forename: C S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Rhee
authors.forename: C H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Y Y
authors.initials: YY
authors.lastname: Koh
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rhyoo
authors.forename: T Y
authors.initials: TY
authors.lastname: Kwon
authors.forename: S W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Park
mesh_terms: D004790:Enzyme Induction / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D009079:Mucociliary Clearance / Q000502:physiology*; D009297:Nasal Mucosa / Q000201:enzymology; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000502:physiology*; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000378:metabolism*; D012016:Reference Values; D020545:Respiratory Mucosa / Q000201:enzymology*
chemical_list: D009569:Nitric Oxide; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase