title: Cerebral protection selection in aortic arch surgery for patients with preoperative complications of cerebrovascular disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Retrograde perfusion is gaining acceptance as a means of cerebral protection, but it remains unclear how long the brain is protected and whether it is effective in patients with preoperative cerebrovascular disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  From January 1989 to August 1999, 205 patients--118 male and 87 female patients who ranged 12 to 86 years old, mean: 65.5 years old--underwent surgery at our hospital for aortic arch aneurysm using cerebral protection. We focused on mortality, stroke incidence and perioperative risk factor between 2 groups--selective cerebral and retrograde cerebral perfusion--also studying patients with preoperative cerebrovascular disease that influenced postoperative stroke.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The hospital mortality was 11.7% (selective cerebral perfusion group: 12%, retrograde group: 10.9%). Stroke occurred in 11 patients (5.3%), 4.7% in the selective cerebral perfusion group and 7.3% in the retrograde group. Preoperative cerebrovascular disease does not appear to be a risk factor for postoperative brain damage in aortic arch surgery. Regarding total replacement of the aortic arch, the incidence of postoperative brain damage in the retrograde group with preoperative cerebrovascular disease was higher than that in another group (p = 0.072). Cardiopulmonary bypass time and selective cerebral perfusion time in the patients with postoperative stroke were significantly longer than that in non-stroke group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Preoperative cerebrovascular disease did not appear to be a risk factor in postoperative neurological deficit in the selective cerebral perfusion group. Prolonged selective cerebral perfusion time and cardiopulmonary bypass time may, however, lead to brain edema and cause neurological deficit.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Kurume University School of Medicine, 67 Asahi-machi, Kurume, 830-0011 Japan.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Akashi
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tayama
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fujino
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fukunaga
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hayashi
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tobinaga
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Onitsuka
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sakashita
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Aoyagi
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001013:Aorta, Thoracic / Q000601:surgery; D017545:Aortic Aneurysm, Thoracic / Q000601:surgery*; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000150:complications; D002560:Cerebrovascular Circulation; D002561:Cerebrovascular Disorders / Q000150:complications*; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010477:Perfusion / Q000379:methods*