title: Effect of cyclosporin-A on the blood--retinal barrier permeability in streptozotocin-induced diabetes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Our previous results showed that in retinas from streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats there is an increased level of interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta). This cytokine may be involved in the expression of the inducible isoform of the nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), with consequent synthesis of large amounts of NO and blood-retinal barrier (BRB) breakdown.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this work was to examine whether the administration of cyclosporin-A (Cs-A) to STZ-induced diabetic rats inhibits the synthesis of IL-1beta and the expression of the inducible proteins, iNOS and cyclo-oxygenase-2 (COX-2) in retinal cells, and whether the activity of these proteins contribute to BRB breakdown.
  
  
  METHODS
  The level of IL-1beta was evaluated by ELISA and the NO production by L-[3H]-citrulline formation. Expression of iNOS and COX-2 proteins was determined by two methods, western blot and immunohistochemistry. The permeability of the BRB was assessed by quantification of the vitreous protein.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results indicated that the levels of IL-1beta and NO in retinas from Cs-A-treated diabetic rats are significantly reduced, as compared to that in non-treated diabetic rats. The treatment of diabetic rats with Cs-A also significantly inhibited the expression of the inducible proteins, iNOS and COX-2. The evaluation of the vitreous protein content revealed that Cs-A also reduces the BRB permeability. Taken together, these results suggest that the increased production of the inflammatory mediators, IL-1beta and NO, in diabetes may affect the BRB permeability and therefore contribute to the development of diabetic retinopathy.
authors.affiliation: Center of Ophthalmology, Institute for Biomedical Research on Light and Image, University of Coimbra, Portugal.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Carmo
authors.forename: J G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Cunha-Vaz
authors.forename: A P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Carvalho
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Lopes
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001813:Blood-Retinal Barrier / Q000187:drug effects*; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D016572:Cyclosporine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000096:biosynthesis; D008297:Male; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000096:biosynthesis; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D010539:Permeability; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases / Q000096:biosynthesis; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013311:Streptozocin
chemical_list: D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D007375:Interleukin-1; D007527:Isoenzymes; D013311:Streptozocin; D016572:Cyclosporine; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; C496318:Nos2 protein, rat; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases