title: Cytokine analysis at the single cell level and lymphoproliferative responses to mycobacterial antigens in HIV-1 patients with successful virologic response to potent antiretrovirals.
abstract: Immunologic parameters, known to be grossly abnormal in HIV-1-infected subjects, were analyzed in 22 patients with sustained viral load suppression (<200 copies/ml) following long-term highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Responses were compared with those from 18 HIV-seronegative healthy controls. Persistent phenotypic alterations in patients' blood mononuclear cells were minimal, though the percentages of lymphocytes that could be activated to produce interleukin-2 (IL-2) remained severely depressed. Using lymphoproliferative assays, a striking deficit in the capacity of patients to respond to the common mycobacterial antigens and particularly to recombinant heat-shock proteins paralleled the absence of responses to virus p24 antigen. In view of the important immunoregulatory role of stress proteins, these findings reveal profound functional deficiencies and persistent immune dysregulation in HIV-1 patients, despite successful HAART and a considerable recovery of CD4+ lymphocyte numbers. Rational immunotherapeutic approaches should be aimed to correct the characterized immune abnormalities.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Molecular Immunology of Infections and Inflammation, Institut Pasteur de Lille, France.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Amiel
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Kusnierz
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Mouton
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Rook
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Stanford
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Capron
authors.forename: G M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Bahr
mesh_terms: D000942:Antigens, Bacterial / Q000494:pharmacology; D023241:Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D018834:Chaperonin 60; D018833:Chaperonins / Q000494:pharmacology; D003116:Color; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D005434:Flow Cytometry / Q000379:methods; D006679:HIV Seropositivity / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology* / Q000821:virology; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000276:immunology*; D018840:HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation; D016131:Lymphocyte Subsets / Q000145:classification; D009161:Mycobacterium / Q000276:immunology*; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic / Q000276:immunology; D019562:Viral Load
chemical_list: D000942:Antigens, Bacterial; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D018834:Chaperonin 60; D016207:Cytokines; D018840:HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins; D007376:Interleukin-2; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic; C074119:heat-shock protein 65, Mycobacterium; D018833:Chaperonins