title: Comparison of formoterol and terbutaline for as-needed treatment of asthma: a randomised trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Asthma guidelines recommend that long-acting inhaled beta-agonists should be used as maintenance therapy for patients with asthma inadequately controlled on an inhaled corticosteroid. We studied the safety and efficacy of the long-acting beta-agonist formoterol compared with terbutaline, each taken as needed, in patients with moderate to severe asthma.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients were taking an inhaled corticosteroid (mean dose 870 microg daily) and had a forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) of at least 50% predicted (mean 74%). Those requiring an inhaled beta-agonist three to eight times a day during the study run-in period (362 of 621 who started) were randomly assigned formoterol 4.5 microg or terbutaline 0.5 mg as needed by Turbuhaler in daily doses up to 54 microg and 6 mg, respectively, for 12 weeks in a double-blind, parallel-group study. Analyses were by intention to treat.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The 362 randomised patients (157 men, 205 women) had a mean age of 47 years. Patients taking formoterol had a longer time to their first severe asthma exacerbation (relative-risk ratio 0.55 [95% CI 0.34-0.89]), took fewer inhalations of study drug, and had larger increases in FEV1 (5%) and morning and evening peak expiratory flow (mean difference in increase 11 L/min and 8 L/min) than those taking terbutaline. No safety issues were identified.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  When taken as needed, formoterol 4.5 microg provided better asthma control than terbutaline 0.5 mg in patients requiring moderate doses of relief medication despite inhaled corticosteroid treatment. Safety studies should be extended to a wider population of patients with asthma.
authors.affiliation: Respiratory Medicine Unit, City Hospital, Nottingham, UK. anne.tattersfield@nottingham.ac.uk
authors.forename: A E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Tattersfield
authors.forename: C G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Löfdahl
authors.forename: D S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Postma
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Eivindson
authors.forename: A G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Schreurs
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rasidakis
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ekström
mesh_terms: D000280:Administration, Inhalation; D000293:Adolescent; D000318:Adrenergic beta-Agonists / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001249:Asthma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D001993:Bronchodilator Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004983:Ethanolamines / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D005541:Forced Expiratory Volume; D000068759:Formoterol Fumarate; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010366:Peak Expiratory Flow Rate; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D013726:Terbutaline / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D000318:Adrenergic beta-Agonists; D001993:Bronchodilator Agents; D004983:Ethanolamines; D013726:Terbutaline; D000068759:Formoterol Fumarate