title: The sit-up position in breast surgery.
abstract: Breast shape is best evaluated while the patient is in an upright position. However, many surgeons are reluctant to have a patient sit upright during surgery because of concerns over the patient's hemodynamic instability. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to prospectively measure cardiovascular parameters, including heart rate and mean arterial pressure, in a series of 30 patients who were placed upright during various aesthetic and reconstructive breast procedures. Data regarding the number of times the patient was placed upright and the amount of time spent in the upright position were also recorded. Measurements were obtained immediately before and after elevating the head of the bed to 80 to 90 degrees during the procedure. The average supine mean arterial pressure was 73 +/- 3 mmHg and that for an upright position was 70 +/- 3 mmHg. The average supine heart rate was 73 +/- 4 beats per minute and that for an upright position was 76 +/- 4 beats per minute. Although the difference between these results is statistically significant (p < 0.05), there was no clinical significance to placing patients in an upright seated position in this study, and no patient had to be laid back down because of hemodynamic instability. Therefore, the upright seated position is strongly advocated for intraoperative evaluation of breast shape, and a safe and effective method to accomplish this is described.
authors.affiliation: Hand & Plastic Surgery Centre, Grand Rapids, Mich, USA. handandplastic@usxchange.net
authors.forename: D C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Hammond
authors.forename: H A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Hollender
authors.forename: C L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Bouwense
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D018427:Breast Implants; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016462:Mammaplasty / Q000379:methods*; D008875:Middle Aged; D011187:Posture; D013523:Surgical Equipment; D013524:Surgical Flaps; D016896:Treatment Outcome