title: Brief exposure to -Gz reduces cerebral perfusion pressure during subsequent +Gz stress in rats.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In humans, +Gz exposure immediately preceded by exposure to zero or -Gz can result in unexpected incapacitation ("push-pull" effect). Our goals were to establish whether this phenomenon exists in rats and to evaluate the importance of varying the duration of -Gz exposure on magnitude of the push-pull effect on cerebral perfusion pressure.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eight conscious male rats were studied in the transition from +5 Gz to +10 Gz imposed by centrifugation. This was done with (push-pull) or without (control) 2 s exposure to -5 Gz applied using a counterbalanced design. Seven isoflurane anesthetized rats were studied in the transition from 0Gz (+1Gy) to + 1Gz imposed by tilting. This was done with (push-pull) or without (control) 0.5, 1, 3, or 9 s exposure to -1Gz imposed immediately prior to the transition applied using a counterbalanced designed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Exposure to 2 s of -5 Gz significantly (p < 0.01) reduced carotid artery pressure in the 4th through 8th s of exposure to +10 Gz by an average of 15 mmHg compared with control. In the tilt experiments, a push-pull effect was found with mild Gz exposure (+/-1Gz) with as little as 0.5 s -Gz exposure. Varying the head-down dwell time did not alter the magnitude of the exaggerated hypotension induced by "push-pull" (p = 0.90).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We conclude that rats express a "push-pull" effect similar to that observed in humans but that altering the duration of exposure to -Gz does not influence the magnitude of the "push-pull" effect.
authors.affiliation: Department of Exercise Science, University of Iowa, Iowa City 52242, USA. don-sheriff@uiowa.edu
authors.forename: D D
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Sheriff
authors.forename: W M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Isdahl
authors.forename: C D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Nelson
authors.forename: P M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Werchan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002339:Carotid Arteries / Q000502:physiology; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000098:blood supply*; D002560:Cerebrovascular Circulation; D006112:Gravitation; D008297:Male; D011187:Posture; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012039:Regional Blood Flow