title: Neurotoxins induce apoptosis in dopamine neurons: protection by N-propargylamine-1(R)- and (S)-aminoindan, rasagiline and TV1022.
abstract: In Parkinson's disease, apoptosis was proposed to cause cell death in nigral dopamine neurons. An endogenous dopaminergic neurotoxin, N-methyl(R)salsolinol, stereo-selectively induced apoptosis in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. In this paper the intracellular mechanism of apoptosis was studied using N-methyl(R)salsolinol, 6-hydroxydopamine and peroxynitrite as inducers of apoptosis. Apoptotic cascade was initiated by opening of mitochondrial permeability transition pore, as shown by collapse of mitochondrial membrane potential, deltapsim. Apoptosis was executed by caspase 3 activation, followed by DNA fragmentation, which was antagonized by overexpressed Bcl-2. Propargylamines were found to protect the cells from apoptosis, and rasagiline, a selective irreversible inhibitor of type B monoamine oxidase was the most potent to prevent the cell death. Rasagiline preserved deltapsim, which was proved also in isolated mitochondria, and rasagiline completely suppressed the activation of caspases and DNA fragmentation. These results suggest that mitochondria regulate apoptotic process, which may be a target of neuroprotection by rasagiline.
authors.affiliation: Department of Basic Gerontology, National Institute for Longevity Sciences, Obu, Aichi, Japan.
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Maruyama
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Akao
authors.forename: M B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Youdim
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Naoi
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D004249:DNA Damage / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D004298:Dopamine / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D009474:Neurons / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009498:Neurotoxins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D009498:Neurotoxins; D004298:Dopamine