title: Apical microsurgery for failed endodontics.
abstract: The operating microscope allows the surgeon unparalleled visualization of the root end structures for periapical surgery. The ultrasonic root end preparation tips enable debridement of the resected root end 2 to 4 mm in the long axis of the root. These advances have allowed periapical surgery to be performed at a new level of excellence with, we believe, more predictable healing.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endodontics, University of Florida School of Dentistry, Gainesville, Florida, USA.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Forbes
mesh_terms: D001047:Apicoectomy / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D003646:Debridement; D003786:Dental Pulp Cavity / Q000473:pathology; D004867:Equipment Design; D006801:Humans; D008866:Microsurgery / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D010347:Patient Care Planning; D018579:Patient Selection; D019233:Retreatment; D012184:Retrograde Obturation / Q000379:methods; D012390:Root Canal Therapy / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D013524:Surgical Flaps; D019227:Tooth Apex / Q000473:pathology; D014464:Ultrasonic Therapy / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D014945:Wound Healing