T cell chemokine receptor expression in human Th1- and Th2-associated diseases.
The interaction between chemokines and their receptors is an important step in the control of leukocyte migration into sites of inflammation. Chemokines also mediate a variety of effects independent of chemotaxis, including induction and enhancement of Th1- and Th2-associated cytokine responses. Recent studies have shown that human Th1 and Th2 clones, activated under polarizing conditions with polyclonal stimuli in vitro, display distinct patterns of chemokine receptor expression: Th1 clones preferentially express CCR5 and CXCR3, while many Th2 clones express CCR4, CCR8 and, to a lesser extent, CCR3. These differential patterns of chemokine receptor expression suggest a mechanism for selective induction of migration and activation of Th1- and Th2-type cells during inflammation and, perhaps, normal immune homoeostasis. Studies have begun to examine T cell chemokine receptor expression in vivo to determine the relevance of these in vitro observations to human Th1- and Th2-associated diseases. In this review, we critically examine recent reports of T cell chemokine receptor expression in human autoimmune disorders (multiple sclerosis and rheumatoid arthritis) and atopic disorders (allergic rhinitis and asthma) which are believed to arise from inappropriate Th1- and Th2-dominated responses, respectively.
Campbell
J D
JD
Department of Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada.
HayGlass
K T
KT
D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000276:immunology; D001249:Asthma / Q000276:immunology; D001327:Autoimmune Diseases / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D006969:Hypersensitivity, Immediate / Q000276:immunology*; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000276:immunology; D019707:Receptors, Chemokine / Q000378:metabolism*; D006255:Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal / Q000276:immunology; D018417:Th1 Cells / Q000276:immunology*; D018418:Th2 Cells / Q000276:immunology*
D019707:Receptors, Chemokine