title: Treatment of hypertension in patients > or =65 years of age: experience with amlodipine.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Hypertension is a common finding in patients > or =65 years of age that contributes to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, but many patients are untreated or their hypertension inadequately controlled. Recent randomized controlled studies have demonstrated the benefits of treating hypertension in the elderly.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study was undertaken to assess the efficacy and tolerability of amlodipine, a long-acting calcium channel blocker, in elderly (> or =65 years of age) patients with mild to moderate hypertension (diastolic blood pressure 95 to 114 mm Hg).
  
  
  METHODS
  This was an open-label, multicenter, 10-week, general-practice study involving patients >18 years of age. Patients with malignant or secondary hypertension or unstable angina were excluded, as were those who had experienced an acute myocardial infarction or stroke in the preceding 3 months or had been treated with an alpha-blocker in the preceding 6 months. Patients were assigned to 1 of 4 treatment schedules: amlodipine monotherapy or combination therapy and amlodipine given once daily in the morning or in the evening. Approximately 50% of patients would receive a morning dose, and approximately 80% would receive amlodipine as monotherapy. The paired t test was used to assess the significance of differences from baseline values, with significance set at P < 0.05.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 5135 patients received amlodipine and were included in the tolerability analysis. Of these, 3511 of 3628 patients (96.8%) <65 years and 1471 of 1507 patients (97.6%) > or =65 years (including 336 of 349 [96.3%] > or =75 years) were included in the efficacy analysis. Significant reductions (P < 0.05) in blood pressure were noted in all groups after 4 and 8 weeks of treatment. The equivalence of efficacy in all age groups was seen in terms of reduction in blood pressure (reduction of 21/15 mm Hg in patients <65 years of age, 25/16 mm Hg in those > or =65 years of age, and 26/17 mm Hg in those > or =75 years of age) compared with baseline. Therapy was successful in 2878 patients (82.0%) <65 years of age, in 1238 patients (84.2%) > or =65 years of age, and in 284 patients (84.5%) > or =75 years of age. The incidence of adverse events was similar in all age groups (18.0%, <65 years; 22.3%, > or =65 years; and 24.1%, > or =75 years), with no statistically significant differences between groups. Tolerability was rated as good or excellent in all patients, with no significant differences between groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Once-daily amlodipine was effective in the treatment of mild to moderate hypertension in this patient population and demonstrated a low frequency of adverse events, a high degree of tolerability, and improved well-being. Morning rather than evening dosing appeared to confer a slight advantage.
authors.affiliation: The Holyport Surgery, Maidenhead, Berkshire, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Langdon
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D017311:Amlodipine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000188:drug therapy*
chemical_list: D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers; D017311:Amlodipine