title: Application of high performance liquid chromatography coupled with ultraviolet spectroscopy and electrospray mass spectrometry to the characterisation of ellagitannins from Terminalia macroptera roots.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Terminalia macroptera roots are used in Guinea-Bissau and other West African countries to treat infectious diseases like gonorrhoea. Previous work showed an ethanol extract of T. macroptera roots (T) to have an in vitro antimicrobial profile against Neisseria gonorrhoae (including resistant strains) and enteropathogenic agents. The most active fractions of this extract were identified as the diethyl ether (T2) and water (T5) fractions. The aim of the present study was the identification of major compounds present in T and simultaneously in T2 or T5.
  
  
  METHODS
  The T extract and T2 and T5 fractions were analysed by high performance liquid chromatography coupled with ultraviolet photodiode array (LC-UV) spectroscopy and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ES-MS). These analyses indicated the presence of ellagitannin derivatives. In order to confirm the identities of the detected compounds, they were isolated from T2 and T5 by preparative chromatographic techniques and identified by spectroscopic methods including tandem mass spectrometry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  By using LC-UV-ES-MS, four major compounds (ellagic acid, gallic acid, punicalagin, terchebulin) could be identified in the T extract. Three other compounds (3,3'di-O-methylellagic acid, 3,4,3',4'-tetra-O-methylellagic acid, terflavin A) were also isolated and identified.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  LC-UV-ES-MS is a useful technique for the analysis of mixtures containing ellagitannins.
authors.affiliation: CECF, Laboratório de Farmacognosia-Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal.
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.forename: E T
authors.initials: ET
authors.lastname: Gomes
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Wolfender
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Marston
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hostettmann
mesh_terms: D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D047348:Hydrolyzable Tannins; D019906:Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000737:chemistry; D010946:Plants, Medicinal / Q000737:chemistry*; D013050:Spectrometry, Fluorescence; D021241:Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization; D013634:Tannins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification
chemical_list: D047348:Hydrolyzable Tannins; D010936:Plant Extracts; D013634:Tannins; C013515:ellagitannin