title: The effect of cation-anion difference on calcium requirement, feed intake, body weight gain, and blood gasses and mineral concentrations of dairy calves.
abstract: Our objective was to examine the effects of two diets with different cation-anion differences on Ca requirements in the growing calf. Holstein calves (n = 48, 24 males) were blocked at 56 to 70 d after birth (80+/-10 kg of body weight) according to sex and birth date and assigned randomly in a 2 x 3 factorial arrangement of dietary treatments containing cation-anion differences as meq (Na + K) - (Cl + S)/kg of diet dry matter and Ca content of 1) 0 and 0.35%, 2) 0 and 0.50%, 3) 0 and 0.65%, 4) 200 and 0.35%, 5) 200 and 0.50%, and 6) 200 and 0.65%. Feed intake and average daily gain did not differ among treatment groups. Plasma pH and Ca were unaffected by dietary Ca content or dietary cation-anion difference. Plasma Cl and P decreased linearly with increasing Ca content in the diet. Plasma HCO3 increased linearly with increased dietary Ca content. Plasma HCO3 and partial pressure of CO2 were higher in calves fed the 200 compared with calves fed the 0 cation-anion difference diets. Plasma Cl was, however, lower in calves fed the 200 compared with calves fed the 0 meq diets. An interaction of Ca content and dietary cation-anion difference was detected for plasma P content. Urinary pH increased linearly with increasing dietary Ca content. Calves fed the 200 meq dietary cation-anion difference had higher urinary pH values than those fed the 0 meq diet. Urinary P excretion was not altered by dietary cation-anion difference or Ca content of the diet. Calves fed the 0 meq diet had higher urinary cocnentrations of Ca and Cl when compared with those fed the 200 meq diet. Bone ash, P, Ca, Mg, and K content of the 10th rib were not affected by dietary treatments. Breaking strength of the seventh and ninth ribs increased quadratically with increasing dietary Ca content. Dietary cation-anion difference had no effect on the breaking strength of the seventh and ninth ribs. Varying the dietary cation-anion difference from 0 to 200 meq/kg of dietary dry matter had no effect on Ca requirement of the growing calf.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington 40546-0215, USA. jjackson@ca.uky.edu
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Jackson
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Akay
authors.forename: S T
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Franklin
authors.forename: D K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Aaron
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000838:Anions; D001639:Bicarbonates / Q000032:analysis; D001835:Body Weight; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000502:physiology; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism*; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000032:analysis; D002412:Cations; D002417:Cattle / Q000502:physiology*; D002712:Chlorides / Q000032:analysis; D004032:Diet; D002149:Energy Intake; D005260:Female; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008903:Minerals / Q000097:blood; D009751:Nutritional Requirements; D010758:Phosphorus / Q000032:analysis; D013718:Tensile Strength / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000838:Anions; D001639:Bicarbonates; D002412:Cations; D002712:Chlorides; D008903:Minerals; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D010758:Phosphorus; D002118:Calcium