title: Neurological manifestations of children with systemic lupus erythematosus.
abstract: In a cross-sectional study of 21 children with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, 15 (71%) were found to have neuropsychiatric manifestations. The most common finding was generalised seizures (42.8%) followed by encephalopathy (19%) and hallucinations (19%). One child (4.76%) had hemichorea. In 3 children neurological manifestations were the first symptom of SLE. Computerised Axial Tomograms (CAT scans) showed cerebral atrophy in 7 of 12 scans available for review. Ten children had abnormal EEGs. Although none of the children had clinical evidence of a peripheral neuropathy, 8 had neurophysiological evidence of a neuropathy. One child died of intracranial haemorrhage. Six children had residual neuropsychiatric sequalae.
authors.affiliation: Paediatric Institute, Hospital Kuala Lumpur, Jalan Pahang, 50586 Kuala Lumpur.
authors.forename: W F
authors.initials: WF
authors.lastname: Loh
authors.forename: I M
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: Hussain
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Soffiah
authors.forename: Y N
authors.initials: YN
authors.lastname: Lim
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001927:Brain Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D002648:Child; D004569:Electroencephalography; D005260:Female; D006212:Hallucinations / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D020945:Lupus Vasculitis, Central Nervous System / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D008296:Malaysia; D008297:Male; D012640:Seizures / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed