title: Influence of glutaraldehyde fixation on the detection of SLA-I and II antigens and calcification tendency in porcine cardiac tissue.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Immunological effects have been addressed as key factors for the long-term results of biological porcine aortic prostheses. In this study we investigated the influence of glutaraldehyde fixation on the expression of SLA (swine leucocyte antigens) and the calcification of porcine cardiac tissue.
  
  
  METHODS
  Deparaffinized sections obtained from porcine aortic tissue were fixed in a buffered glutaraldehyde solution for 1, 2, 3, 24 and 72 hours, respectively, and finally immunostained with monoclonal anti-SLA class I antibody 2.27-3a and anti-SLA-II antibody MSA3. Sixteen samples from fixed porcine cardiac tissue and, for comparison, 8 samples from leaflets of Toronto-SPV and Freestyle valves were implanted subcutaneously in 10 Wistar rats for 12 weeks and their calcium content was measured by atomic absorption spectrophotometry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  SLA-I epitopes were no longer detectable using anti-SLA-I antibodies after fixation for 3 h. The SLA-II antigens remained detectable after longer fixation period. Short-time fixation resulted in marked calcification of the porcine cardiac tissue and to destruction of the SLA-I epitopes, whereas, even after longer fixation time, the epitopes of the SLA-II antigen remain unaffected.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Chelate formation due to glutaraldehyde treatment provides protection against calcification. Short-time fixed porcine cardiac tissue has a tendency towards a greater degree of calcification than longer fixation periods. Based on the present results, it is pointless to set the length of fixation to switch off the immunogenicity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic, Cardiac and Vascular Surgery, University of Göttingen, Germany. m.mirzaie@t-online.de
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mirzaie
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Meyer
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Saalmüller
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Dalichau
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001705:Bioprosthesis; D002114:Calcinosis / Q000276:immunology*; D009202:Cardiomyopathies / Q000276:immunology*; D005260:Female; D005976:Glutaral; D006350:Heart Valve Prosthesis; D015395:Histocompatibility Antigens Class I / Q000378:metabolism*; D000949:Histocompatibility Antigens Class II / Q000378:metabolism*; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D023421:Models, Animal; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013552:Swine
chemical_list: D015395:Histocompatibility Antigens Class I; D000949:Histocompatibility Antigens Class II; D005976:Glutaral