title: Cardiovascular disease risk factors among older black, Mexican-American, and white women and men: an analysis of NHANES III, 1988-1994. Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There are few studies of ethnic differences in cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors in older populations.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To examine the association of ethnicity on CVD risk factors, after accounting for socioeconomic status (SES), and to examine health behaviors among those with CVD risk factors.
  
  
  METHODS
  Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988-1994.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighty-nine mobile examination centers.
  
  
  METHODS
  700 black, 628 Mexican-American, and 2192 white women and men age 65 to 84 years.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ethnicity in relation to type II diabetes mellitus, physical inactivity, abdominal obesity, hypertension, cigarette smoking and non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C).
  
  
  RESULTS
  After accounting for age and SES, both black and Mexican-American women had significantly higher prevalences of type II diabetes than white women. In addition, black women were significantly more likely to have abdominal obesity and hypertension and to be physically inactive than white women. Black men had significantly higher prevalences of hypertension and physical inactivity than white men. However, black men had lower prevalences of abdominal obesity than white men, and black women had lower prevalences of high non-HDL-C than white women. Among those with CVD risk factors, health behaviors were in need of improvement, especially among Mexican-American women whose primary language was Spanish.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this national sample of older women and men, black and Mexican American women and black men were at the greatest risk for CVD. These findings parallel the heightened risk of CVD among younger ethnic minority populations and argue for appropriate primary and secondary prevention programs, modified for the language, cultural, and medical needs of older ethnic minorities.
authors.affiliation: Karolinska Institutet, Family Medicine Stockholm, Novum, Huddinge, Sweden.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sundquist
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Winkleby
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pudaric
mesh_terms: D001741:Black or African American / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D017677:Age Distribution; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications; D015444:Exercise; D005260:Female; D015438:Health Behavior; D006801:Humans; D006951:Hyperlipoproteinemias / Q000150:complications; D006973:Hypertension / Q000150:complications; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D017058:Mexican Americans / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D020380:Needs Assessment; D009749:Nutrition Surveys; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications; D015995:Prevalence; D011322:Primary Prevention / Q000379:methods; D012111:Residence Characteristics; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D044465:White People / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*