title: Subtle alterations in NMDA-stimulated cyclic GMP levels following lateral fluid percussion brain injury.
abstract: This study examined whether NMDA-stimulated cyclic GMP levels were altered at two different time points following lateral fluid percussion injury. At 60 min and 15 days postinjury, the left and right hippocampi were dissected and chopped into mini-prisms. Each hippocampus was divided into five equal parts and incubated with either the phosphodiesterase inhibitor IBMX (3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine, 500 microM) alone, IBMX and N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA) OR IBMX, NMDA, and glycine (10 MM). Two concentrations of NMDA were used: 500 or 1,000 microM. Tissues were then assayed for levels of cyclic GMP. Results indicated that there were no changes in basal levels of cyclic GMP at either postinjury time point. At 60 min postinjury, there were no significant main effects for injury or drug concentration. There was a significant injury x side interaction effect with increased levels of NMDA-stimulated cyclic GMP in the hippocampus ipsilateral to the injury impact and decreased cyclic GMP levels in the contralateral hippocampus. There were no significant alterations in NMDA-stimulated cyclic GMP levels at 15 days postinjury. The data from this study indicated that NMDA-stimulated cyclic GMP accumulation is differentially altered in the hippocampus ipsilateral and contralateral to the site of the injury at 1 h after injury, but is normalized by 15 days postinjury. These findings implicate NMDA-mediated intracellular signaling processes in the acute excitotoxic response to injury.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Medical College of Virginia/Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, USA.
authors.forename: M D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Temple
authors.forename: T M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Delahunty
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Hamm
authors.forename: L L
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Phillips
authors.forename: B G
authors.initials: BG
authors.lastname: Lyeth
authors.forename: J T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Povlishock
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D006152:Cyclic GMP / Q000378:metabolism*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D007839:Functional Laterality / Q000502:physiology*; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D016202:N-Methylaspartate / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010474:Percussion / Q000009:adverse effects; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D016194:Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D016194:Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; D016202:N-Methylaspartate; D006152:Cyclic GMP