title: Role of supravital staining of urine sediment and bright field microscopy in diagnosis of acute renal failure in bedside medicine.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  An early accurate etiological categorization of acute renal failure (ARF) into acute glomerulonephritis (AGN), acute tubular necrosis (ATN) and acute interstitial nephritis (AIN) is very important in clinical medicine.
  
  
  METHODS
  To evaluate the efficacy of a simple, cheap supravital staining method developed in our laboratory, we examined urine of 32 cases of ARF at their initial presentation in oliguric phase, which were later biopsied. The stain consisted of 1% crystal violet and 0.5% safranin in normal saline. The coverslip preparations of coded and stained urine sediments were examined under ordinary bright field microscope (BFM) by two independent observers.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The renal biopsy showed 12 cases of AGN, 12 ATN and 8 AIN. The diagnosis could be predicted by supravital staining method in 75% cases with 95% uniformity among two observers with a sensitivity of 85.7% for AGN followed by AIN (80%) and ATN (75%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Thus this simple supravital staining technique can be used with ordinary BFM for accurate urine sediment analysis in cases of ARF in bedside medicine.
authors.affiliation: Renal Pathology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi.
authors.forename: A K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Dinda
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.forename: S C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Dash
authors.forename: S C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Tiwari
authors.forename: S K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Aggarwal
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bhowmik
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bagga
mesh_terms: D058186:Acute Kidney Injury / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000652:urine*; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001707:Biopsy, Needle; D004396:Coloring Agents; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007194:India; D008297:Male; D008853:Microscopy; D008875:Middle Aged; D011933:Reagent Kits, Diagnostic; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D016482:Urinalysis; D014556:Urine / Q000166:cytology*
chemical_list: D004396:Coloring Agents; D011933:Reagent Kits, Diagnostic