title: Effect of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation on pain perception threshold of human teeth: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study.
abstract: In this double-blind, placebo-controlled study, we studied the effect of three different transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) devices with extra- and intraoral electrodes on the pain perception thresholds of 234 unrestored, caries-free human teeth of 66 healthy individuals subjected to stimulation with an electric pulp tester. A placebo control collective of 64 healthy subjects received no electrical stimulation, since an inactive TENS device was used. In all tooth types tested (maxillary and mandibular incisors and premolars), the use of the active TENS devices resulted in an increase of 16.3-32.5% versus baseline in the pain perception threshold. The differences between active TENS and baseline were statistically significant for both TENS devices using extraoral electrodes (P < 0.05). No statistically significant differences were found between the different devices tested (P > 0.05). In the placebo collective, the increase in the pain perception threshold ranged between 6.4% and 10.3% versus baseline. There were no significant differences between placebo TENS and baseline on the one hand and between placebo TENS and the active TENS devices on the other hand (P > 0.05). The findings suggest that, as an alternative to local anesthetics, TENS seems not to be useful in the case of painful dental interventions, since it offered only minor advantages over a placebo.
authors.affiliation: Department of Operative Dentistry, University of Muenster, Waldeyerstrasse 30, 48149 Muenster, Germany. eschaef@uni-muenster.de
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Schäfer
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Finkensiep
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kaup
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001641:Bicuspid / Q000502:physiology; D003791:Dental Pulp Test / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004558:Electric Stimulation / Q000295:instrumentation; D004566:Electrodes; D004867:Equipment Design; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007180:Incisor / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D010147:Pain Measurement; D017288:Pain Threshold / Q000502:physiology*; D010919:Placebos; D014070:Tooth / Q000502:physiology*; D004561:Transcutaneous Electric Nerve Stimulation / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D010919:Placebos