title: Epidemiology of pneumococcal infections in French children.
abstract: Since 1977, resistance to beta-lactams and other families of antibiotics among isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae has increased alarmingly worldwide. France is particularly affected by this phenomenon; in 1997 the French National Reference Centre for Pneumococci reported that 44% of S. pneumoniae strains were penicillin non-susceptible (PNSS). Furthermore, resistance to macrolides (53%) and sulphonamides (37%) was comparable; in addition, >50% of PNSS had a high level of resistance to penicillin and were multiresistant. The highest frequency of resistance is observed in children, particularly those with acute otitis media (AOM).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The clinical consequences of increasing antibiotic resistance are evident for meningitis and AOM, prompting clinicians to consider alternative agents such as high-dose cefotaxime (300 mg/ kg/d) or ceftriaxone (100mg/kg/d) plus vancomycin (60 mg/kg/d) for meningitis, and high-dose amoxicillin (> 80 mg/kg/d) or ceftriaxone (50 mg/kg/d) for AOM.
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Department, Jean Verdier Hospital, Bondy, France.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gaudelus
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Cohen
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Reinert
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D018432:Drug Resistance, Multiple; D005602:France / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D010033:Otitis Media / Q000453:epidemiology; D011008:Pneumococcal Infections / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011159:Population Surveillance; D012703:Serotyping; D013296:Streptococcus pneumoniae / Q000145:classification / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000302:isolation & purification