title: Non-association of dopamine D4 and D2 receptor genes with personality in healthy individuals.
abstract: Recently, different research groups reported conflicting results with regard to an association of dopamine 4 receptor (DRD4) genotypes and the personality dimension of novelty seeking (NS). High scores for NS seemed to be associated with long alleles of a DRD4 polymorphism. Furthermore, an association between personality traits and the dopamine 2 (DRD2) receptor gene was reported. NS and persistence (PS) high scores seemed to be associated with alleles of DRD2. We examined 109 (78 female and 31 male) normal healthy individuals using Cloninger's Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) in order to replicate these findings. We genotyped a 48 base pair variable number of tandem repeats (from two to eight repeats) polymorphism in the third exon of DRD4 and a Cys311Ser polymorphism in exon 7 of DRD2. We tested alleles and genotypes of DRD4 (allele 7 absent or present; genotype 4,4 versus 4,7), and Ser/Cys and Cys/Cys genotypes of DRD2 for associations with TCI values. NS and the alleles and genotypes of DRD4 did not show any association. In associating the genotypes of DRD2 with TCI scales (NS, harm avoidance, reward dependence and PS), we also found no association. Recent findings associating NS with DRD4 could not be replicated. With regard to DRD2, we tested a different polymorphism as published recently and could not find an association of TCI scales with the gene. The present results therefore do not provide evidence that the DRD2 and DRD4 receptor genes contribute a common and relevant effect to personality traits.
authors.affiliation: Department of General Psychiatry, University Hospital of Psychiatry, Vienna, Austria. christian.gebhardt@akh-wien.ac.at
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gebhardt
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Leisch
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Schüssler
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fuchs
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Stompe
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Sieghart
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hornik
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kasper
authors.forename: H N
authors.initials: HN
authors.lastname: Aschauer
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000483:Alleles; D005106:Exploratory Behavior; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D018598:Minisatellite Repeats; D010551:Personality; D010556:Personality Tests; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D017448:Receptors, Dopamine D2 / Q000235:genetics*; D050638:Receptors, Dopamine D4
chemical_list: C493599:DRD4 protein, human; D017448:Receptors, Dopamine D2; D050638:Receptors, Dopamine D4