title: [Reduction of the radiation exposure of patients caused by selected interventional and angiographic procedures].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To reduce patient doses caused by selected interventional and angiographic procedures using the digital C-arm unit "Multiskop".
  
  
  METHODS
  After a patient study done previously, physical measurements with test phantoms were carried out, and physical-technical parameters such as distance between focus and image intensifier, additional filtration, and radiation dose per image were optimised. Then, the dose-area product (DAP) and the fluoroscopic time were measured for 130 percutaneous transluminal angioplasties (PTA), 40 PTA with stent implantation, 61 embolisations, and 302 digital subtraction angiographies (DSA). In the case of 16 PTA, 9 embolisations, and 38 DSA the number of radiographs was determined, and the DAP was divided into two parts, fluoroscopy and radiography. The measuring values were compared with data of the patient study done previously.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The median values of the DAP and the fluoroscopic time amounted to 25 Gy cm2 and 9.7 min for PTA, 97 Gy cm2 and 8.5 min for PTA with stent implantation, 88 Gy cm2 and 17.2 min for embolisation as well as 54 Gy cm2 and 2.8 min for DSA. For the relation between DAP caused by fluoroscopy and radiography, and the number of radiographs, median values of 0.76 and 63 for PTA, 0.81 and 123 for embolisation as well as 1.85 and 134 for DSA were determined. In comparison to the patient study done previously the median values of the DAP were reduced by 31% for PTA, 26% for PTA with stent implantation, 55% for embolisation, and 38% for DSA.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The comparison between the patient studies done previously and recently indicates the great potential of dose reduction for interventional and angiographic procedures. Although the X-ray equipment is ten years old the patient dose can be reduced by organizational and physical-technical modifications to such an extent that preliminary national reference dose values will not be exceeded. For further significant dose reductions while maintaining adequate image quality it will be necessary to purchase a modern X-ray equipment with pulsed fluoroscopy and automatic filter selection.
authors.affiliation: Universitätskliniken des Saarlandes, Radiologische Klinik, Abteilung für Strahlentherapie, Radiologische Physik, Homburg/Saar. rahsei@med-rz.uni-saarland.de
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Seifert
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: el-Jamal
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Roth
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Urbanczyk
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kramann
mesh_terms: D000792:Angiography; D015901:Angiography, Digital Subtraction; D015906:Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary; D006328:Cardiac Catheterization; D017023:Coronary Angiography; D004621:Embolization, Therapeutic; D006801:Humans; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D011856:Radiographic Image Enhancement; D015641:Radiography, Interventional; D015607:Stents
vernacular_title: Reduzierung der Strahlenexposition von Patienten bei ausgewählten interventionellen und angiographischen Massnahmen.