title: Effect of vaccination on experimental infection with Bordetella bronchiseptica in dogs.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine comparative efficacy of vaccines administered IM and intranasally, used alone or sequentially, to protect puppies from infection with Bordetella bronchiseptica and determine whether systemic or mucosal antibody response correlated with protection.
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomized controlled trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  50 specific-pathogen-free Beagle puppies.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 2 replicates of 25 dogs each, 14-week-old puppies that were vaccinated against canine distemper virus and parvovirus were vaccinated against B bronchiseptica via intranasal, IM, intranasal-IM, or IM-intranasal administration or were unvaccinated controls. Puppies were challenge exposed via aerosol administration of B bronchiseptica 2 weeks after final vaccination. Clinical variables and systemic and mucosal antibody responses were monitored for 10 days after challenge exposure. Puppies in replicate 1 were necropsied for histologic and immunohistochemical studies.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Control puppies that were seronegative before challenge exposure developed paroxysmal coughing, signs of depression, anorexia, and fever. Vaccinated puppies (either vaccine) that were seronegative before challenge exposure had fewer clinical signs. Puppies that received both vaccines had the least severe clinical signs and fewest lesions in the respiratory tract. Vaccinated dogs had significantly higher concentrations of B bronchiseptica-reactive antibodies in serum saliva before and after challenge. Antibody concentrations were negatively correlated with bacterial growth in nasal cavity and pharyngeal samples after challenge exposure.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Parenterally and intranasally administered vaccines containing B bronchiseptica may provide substantial protection from clinical signs of respiratory tract disease associated with infection by this bacterium. Administration of both types of vaccines in sequence afforded the greatest degree of protection against disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada.
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Ellis
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Haines
authors.forename: K H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: West
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Burr
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dayton
authors.forename: H G
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Townsend
authors.forename: E W
authors.initials: EW
authors.lastname: Kanara
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Konoby
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Crichlow
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Headrick
mesh_terms: D000281:Administration, Intranasal; D000372:Agglutination Tests / Q000662:veterinary; D000818:Animals; D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood; D001428:Bacterial Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000276:immunology; D001885:Bordetella Infections / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000662:veterinary*; D016950:Bordetella bronchiseptica / Q000276:immunology* / Q000472:pathogenicity; D001992:Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid / Q000382:microbiology; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D004285:Dogs; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay / Q000662:veterinary; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D007150:Immunohistochemistry / Q000662:veterinary; D007273:Injections, Intramuscular / Q000662:veterinary; D008168:Lung / Q000473:pathology; D012463:Saliva / Q000276:immunology; D013047:Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms; D014611:Vaccination / Q000662:veterinary*
chemical_list: D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial; D001428:Bacterial Vaccines