title: Spectral analysis of circadian rhythms in heart rate variability of dogs.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine characteristics of power spectral analysis of heart rate variability (HRV) during a 24-hour period in dogs and to evaluate the effects of vagal and sympathetic tone on HRV ANIMALS: 16 healthy adult Beagles.
  
  
  METHODS
  Power spectral analysis of HRV was conducted, using 24-hour ambulatory ECG recordings. Circadian rhythms were evaluated in terms of absolute units of low-frequency (LF) and high-frequency (HF) powers, their ratio (LF:HF), and their adjusted (normalized) units (LF[norm] and HF[norm]). Three or 4 dogs were used for simultaneous measurement of heart rate and respiratory waveform as well as to evaluate treatment (propranolol, atropine, or both) administered to cause blockade of the autonomic nervous system.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Values for LF and HF powers, LF:HF, LF(norm), and HF(norm) had obvious rhythmicity in clinically normal dogs. The HF power of HRV in dogs was extremely high, compared with that of other species, and HF peaks corresponded to peaks obtained from respiratory waveforms. Blockade of the autonomic nervous system documented that HRV in dogs was mostly attributable to vagal activity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We determined characteristics of power spectral analysis of HRV in dogs, including circadian rhythm of the autonomic nervous system. Power spectral analysis of HRV may provide a useful noninvasive technique for assessing the effect of drugs on activity of the autonomic nervous system in dogs.
authors.affiliation: Toxicology Laboratory, Research Center, Mochida Pharmaceutical Co Ltd, Fujieda, Shizuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Matsunaga
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Harada
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mitsui
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Inokuma
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hashimoto
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Miyauchi
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Murano
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shibutani
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002940:Circadian Rhythm / Q000502:physiology*; D004285:Dogs / Q000502:physiology*; D015716:Electrocardiography, Ambulatory / Q000662:veterinary; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D012016:Reference Values