title: Hypertonicity-induced phosphorylation and nuclear localization of the transcription factor TonEBP.
abstract: The accumulation of compatible osmolytes during osmotic stress is observed in virtually all organisms. In mammals, the hypertonicity-induced expression of osmolyte transporters and synthetic enzymes is conferred by the presence of upstream tonicity-responsive enhancer (TonE) sequences. Recently, we described the cloning and initial characterization of TonE-binding protein (TonEBP), a transcription factor that translocates to the nucleus and associates with TonE sequences in a tonicity-dependent manner. We now report that hypertonicity induces an increase in TonEBP phosphorylation that temporally correlates with increased nuclear localization of the molecule. TonEBP phosphorylation is not affected by a number of kinase inhibitors, including the p38 inhibitor SB-203580. In addition, in vitro binding assays show that the association of TonEBP with TonE sequences is not affected by phosphorylation. Thus TonEBP phosphorylation is an early step in the response of cells to hypertonicity and may be required for nuclear import or retention.
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Medical School, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA.
authors.forename: S C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Dahl
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Handler
authors.forename: H M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Kwon
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004285:Dogs; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D006982:Hypertonic Solutions / Q000494:pharmacology; D007552:Isotonic Solutions / Q000494:pharmacology; D007668:Kidney / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D019913:Nuclear Localization Signals; D010766:Phosphorylation; D021381:Protein Transport / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D015534:Trans-Activators / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D006982:Hypertonic Solutions; D007552:Isotonic Solutions; D019913:Nuclear Localization Signals; D015534:Trans-Activators; D014157:Transcription Factors