title: Porcelain laminate veneers. A retrospective evaluation after 1 to 10 years of service: Part II--Clinical results.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study was to evaluate the clinical quality of 191 porcelain laminate veneers and to explore the gingival response in a long-term survey.
  
  
  METHODS
  The clinical examination was made by two calibrated examiners following modified California Dental Association/Ryge criteria. In addition, margin index, papillary bleeding index, sulcus probing depth, and increase in gingival recession were recorded. Two age groups were formed to evaluate the influence of wearing time upon the clinical results. The results were statistically evaluated using the Kaplan-Meier survival estimation method, Chi-squared test, and Kruskal-Wallis test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A failure rate of 4% was found. Six of the total of seven failures were seen when veneers were partially bonded to dentin. Marginal integrity was acceptable in 99% and was rated as excellent in 63%. Superficial marginal discoloration was present in 17%. Slight marginal recession was detected in 31%, and bleeding on probing was found in 25%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Porcelain laminate veneers offer a predictable and successful treatment modality that preserves a maximum of sound tooth structure. An increased risk of failure is present only when veneers are partially bonded to dentin. The estimated survival probability over a period of 10 years is 91%.
authors.affiliation: Clinical Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, University of Innsbruck, School of Medicine, Innsbruck, Austria. Herbert.Dumfahrt@uibk.ac.at
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Dumfahrt
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Schäffer
mesh_terms: D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D003116:Color; D001840:Dental Bonding; D003776:Dental Porcelain; D019232:Dental Restoration Failure; D003801:Dental Veneers / Q000592:standards; D003804:Dentin / Q000648:ultrastructure; D005882:Gingival Diseases / Q000145:classification; D005884:Gingival Hemorrhage / Q000145:classification; D005888:Gingival Pocket / Q000145:classification; D005889:Gingival Recession / Q000145:classification; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D015588:Observer Variation; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D013499:Surface Properties; D016019:Survival Analysis; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D003776:Dental Porcelain