title: Endoscopic vitreoretinal surgery for complicated proliferative diabetic retinopathy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the indication for endoscopic vitreoretinal surgery in proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR).
  
  
  METHODS
  Chart review of consecutive cases of vitreoretinal surgery for PDR performed by one of the authors (Y.L.F.) over a 2-year period.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Endoscopic vitreoretinal surgery was performed in 8 of 41 (19.5%) eyes. The surgical indications were small pupil (3), hyphema (3), pseudophakia with fibrotic posterior capsule (1), and pars plana neovascularization with anterior tractional retinal detachment (6).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Endoscopic vitreoretinal surgery, by enhancing the visualization of the retroirideal space, is a useful technique in PDR with opaque ocular media and/or neovascularization of the pars plana and ciliary body.
authors.affiliation: Manhattan Eye, Ear & Throat Hospital, New York, USA.
authors.forename: A P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Ciardella
authors.forename: Y L
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Fisher
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Carvalho
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Slakter
authors.forename: R G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Bryan
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Sorenson
authors.forename: R F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Spaide
authors.forename: K B
authors.initials: KB
authors.lastname: Freund
authors.forename: D R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Guyer
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Yannuzzi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003930:Diabetic Retinopathy / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery*; D004724:Endoscopy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013508:Ophthalmologic Surgical Procedures; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014792:Visual Acuity; D018630:Vitreoretinopathy, Proliferative / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery*