title: Serum S-100beta protein predicts brain injury after hypothermic circulatory arrest in pigs.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Serum S-100beta protein is suggested to be a neurobiochemical marker of brain injury after cardiac and aortic arch surgery. The aim of the present study was to investigate the predictive value of S-100beta protein with respect to histopathological analysis of the brain after a prolonged period of hypothermic circulatory arrest (HCA).
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighteen pigs (21 to 31 kg) underwent a 75 min period of HCA at 20 degrees C. Serum concentrations of S-100beta were assayed in mixed venous blood before and 2, 4, 7 and 20 h after HCA. A semiquantitative post-mortem histopathological analysis scoring all main regions of the brain was carried out in every animal.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All animals were stable during and after cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) and survived at least to the first postoperative day. Ten of the 18 animals survived 7 days after surgery and were electively sacrificed. Animals with severe histopathological injury showed higher serum S-100beta protein levels at every time point after HCA. The strongest correlation between the total histopathologic score and serum S-100beta levels was found at 7 h after HCA (tau = 0.422 and p = 0.023).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Serum S-100beta protein levels correlate with histopathological injury after a prolonged period of HCA in pigs. This finding supports the results of previous studies suggesting the potential accuracy of S-100beta in the prediction of brain injury after cardiac surgery.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Oulu University Hospital, Finland.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pokela
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Anttila
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rimpiläinen
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hirvonen
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Vainionpää
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kiviluoma
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Romsi
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mennander
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Juvonen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology; D001925:Brain Damage, Chronic / Q000097:blood* / Q000473:pathology; D002135:Calcium-Binding Proteins / Q000097:blood*; D002315:Cardiopulmonary Bypass / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D006324:Heart Arrest, Induced; D007036:Hypothermia, Induced; D009414:Nerve Growth Factors / Q000097:blood*; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D064568:S100 Calcium Binding Protein beta Subunit; D009418:S100 Proteins; D013552:Swine
chemical_list: D002135:Calcium-Binding Proteins; D009414:Nerve Growth Factors; D064568:S100 Calcium Binding Protein beta Subunit; D009418:S100 Proteins