title: Prevention of peritonitis in children on peritoneal dialysis.
abstract: We reviewed methods of preventing peritonitis in children. A considerable body of evidence indicates that peritonitis rates are lowest with the use of a double-cuffed catheter, with a downward directed tunnel, placed by an experienced surgeon. Evidence in adults, but lacking in children, suggests that exit-site mupirocin will lower Staphylococcus aureus exit-site infections and thus peritonitis rates. The risk of peritonitis due to contamination can be diminished by the avoidance of spiking and by the provision of a long training period. Catheter removal and replacement for catheter-related peritonitis may be done simultaneously in certain circumstances and is useful in decreasing the risk of recurrent peritonitis. Antibiotic prophylaxis at the time of catheter insertion, for contamination, during dialysate leaks, and for invasive procedures appears to be useful in diminishing peritonitis risk.
authors.affiliation: G. Gaslini Children's Hospital, Genoa, Italy.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Verrina
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Honda
authors.forename: B A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Warady
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Piraino
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001424:Bacterial Infections / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D002404:Catheterization / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods; D002648:Child; D006801:Humans; D007167:Immunotherapy; D010530:Peritoneal Dialysis / Q000009:adverse effects*; D010538:Peritonitis / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D012008:Recurrence; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents