title: Intrahepatic stones: the UKM experience.
abstract: Intrahepatic stones remain a major source of morbidity and mortality. With improving techniques in hepatobiliary surgery, the management and the outcome of intrahepatic calculi is reviewed. Forty-nine cases referred from all over Malaysia between January 1993 to June 1996 were analyzed retrospectively. There were thirty-two females and seventeen males. The median age was 46 years. Biliary diseases encountered in association with intrahepatic calculi included benign strictures (n = 14), ascariasis (n = 3), cholangiocarcinoma (n = 1), Caroli's disease (n = 1), and thalassaemia, (n = 1), fifty-six percent of stones were located in both the intrahepatic ducts while 34% were found in the left intrahepatic duct. Thirty-one patients underwent common bile duct exploration either alone or in combination with liver resection or bilioenteric anastomosis. Despite the various combinations of surgical and non-surgical intervention 28 (57.1%) patients had residual stones. Despite the availability of newer techniques in hepatobiliary surgery, residual stones were common, resulting in higher treatment costs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Hospital Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Tenteram, Cheras, 56000 Kuala Lumpur.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Din
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Qureshi
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Daud
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ahmad
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001649:Bile Duct Diseases / Q000150:complications; D002769:Cholelithiasis / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008296:Malaysia; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012008:Recurrence