title: Effect of repetitive bronchoalveolar lavage on cytologic findings in healthy dogs.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine reference values for cytologic examination results of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and to investigate effects of repeated lavages on pulmonary health and on results of cytologic examination of BALF in dogs.
  
  
  METHODS
  16 healthy adult Beagles.
  
  
  METHODS
  All dogs underwent pulmonary lavage to obtain BALF. Eleven dogs were repeatedly lavaged 6 times at 5- to 7-week intervals. Analyses for total and differential cell counts and for viability of cells before and after cell processing were performed. Arterial blood gas analysis before and after bronchoalveolar lavage was used to study the safety of the lavage procedure. Histologic and radiologic examinations were used to study effects of repeated lavages on pulmonary health.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean (+/- SD) cell count was 104 +/- 69 cells/microl, comprising 75 +/- 7% alveolar macrophages, 13 +/- 6% lymphocytes, 5 +/- 4% neutrophils, 4 +/- 5% eosinophils, 2 +/- 2% mast cells, 0.6 +/- 0.7% epithelial cells, and 0.3 +/- 0.4% plasma cells. Centrifugation of samples and washing of cells caused significant cell loss (59 +/- 13%). Repeated lavages did not cause significant variations in cell counts of BALF or results of arterial blood gas analysis, thoracic radiography, or histologic examination of pulmonary specimens. Only a moderate, although significant, decrease in arterial oxygen content was observed after bronchoalveolar lavage.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Analysis indicated that several lavages performed at 5- to 7-week intervals can safely and reliably be used to study the kinetics of pathologic processes in pulmonary tissues or for evaluation of therapeutic efficacy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Rajamäki
authors.forename: A K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Järvinen
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Saari
authors.forename: P S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Maisi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018893:Bronchoalveolar Lavage / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary*; D001992:Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid / Q000166:cytology*; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000097:blood; D004285:Dogs / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood; D010313:Partial Pressure; D012016:Reference Values
chemical_list: D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D010100:Oxygen