title: In vitro evaluation of the embolic risk of diagnostic and therapeutic intravascular procedures.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The purpose of the study was to evaluate the risk of distal embolisation in a silicon model during different endovascular diagnostic and therapeutic procedures.
  
  
  METHODS
  Endovascular technics, such as guidewire and catheter advancement, metal stent placement and balloon angioplasty were compared. Clots were produced from human blood sample. The transparent silicon model was filled with saline, flow was generated by an hydraulic pump. Stenosis was created by mechanical compression. The size of the circulating particles were measured with a mesh of nylon filters.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No loose particles were detected using guidewire, pigtail and straight catheters. Balloon inflation induced embolisation of particles ranging from 100 microns to 10 mm in length. Deployment of self expandable metallic stents did not result in particle migration but secondary angioplasty inside the stent detached particles (ranging from 400 microns to 12 mm in length). Deployment of balloon expandable stent yielded in the stretching of the clot, which became sometimes longer than the stent, resulting in the detachment of the non covered portion.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The risk of distal embolisation during guide-wires and catheters manipulation is not significant. Balloon catheters and secondary angioplasty after deployment of self-expanding stents caused large particles detachment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Semmelweis University Faculty of Health Sciences, Budapest, Hungary.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Zana
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Otal
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Fornet
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Forral
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Cambus
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Chabbert
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Joffre
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Rousseau
mesh_terms: D000800:Angioplasty, Balloon / Q000009:adverse effects*; D015906:Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary / Q000009:adverse effects; D002404:Catheterization / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004617:Embolism / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D006801:Humans; D008955:Models, Cardiovascular; D012307:Risk Factors; D012825:Silicon; D015607:Stents / Q000009:adverse effects
chemical_list: D012825:Silicon