Renal gluconeogenesis: its importance in human glucose homeostasis.
Studies conducted over the last 60 years in animals and in vitro have provided considerable evidence that the mammalian kidney can make glucose and release it under various conditions. Until quite recently however, it was generally believed that the human kidney was not an important source of glucose except during acidosis and after prolonged fasting. This review will summarize early work in animals and humans, discuss methodological problems in assessing renal glucose release in vivo, and present results of recent human studies that provide evidence that the kidney may play a significant role in carbohydrate metabolism under both physiological and pathological conditions.
Gerich
J E
JE
Department of Medicine, University of Rochester, New York 14642, USA. johngerich@compuserve.com
Meyer
C
C
Woerle
H J
HJ
Stumvoll
M
M
D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000266:history / Q000378:metabolism; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000378:metabolism; D005215:Fasting; D005502:Food; D005943:Gluconeogenesis; D049673:History, 20th Century; D006706:Homeostasis; D006728:Hormones / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000378:metabolism*; D009392:Nephrectomy
D001786:Blood Glucose; D006728:Hormones