Neutrophilia associated with anaplastic carcinoma of the thyroid: production of macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) and interleukin-6.
Cancers associated with marked neutrophilia are relatively rare. We report here two cases of anaplastic thyroid carcinoma associated with neutrophilia. We measured the concentrations of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), macrophage CSF (M-CSF), granulocyte-macrophage CSF (GM-CSF), interleukin-1alpha (IL-1alpha), IL-1beta, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) in sera, pleural effusion, cyst fluid of the thyroid carcinoma region, or culture supernatants of carcinoma cells. Maximum levels of elevated white blood cell counts reached 106.1 x 10(9)/L (neutrophils 103.0 x 10(9)/L) in case 1 and 62.3 x 10(9)/L (neutrophils 57.9 x 10(9)/L) in case 2. Acute-phase reactants were elevated to various degrees, and hypercalcemia was found in both cases. IL-6, G-CSF, and M-CSF seemed to play the principal roles in neutrophilia in case 1, and the elevated levels of IL-6 and M-CSF seemed to mainly contribute to neutrophilia in case 2. Immunohistochemical staining revealed that carcinoma cells themselves produce IL-6 regardless of the types of carcinoma cells. To our knowledge, this is the first report describing the contribution of M-CSF to neutrophilia in patients with thyroid carcinoma.
Sato
T
T
Department of Hematology, Yokohama Rosai Hospital for Labour Welfare Corporation, Kanagawa, Japan. satotad@yokohamah.rofuku.go.jp
Omura
M
M
Saito
J
J
Hirasawa
A
A
Kakuta
Y
Y
Wakabayashi
Y
Y
Nishikawa
T
T
D000231:Adenocarcinoma, Papillary / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001826:Body Fluids / Q000737:chemistry; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D017077:Culture Media, Conditioned; D020420:Cyst Fluid / Q000737:chemistry; D005260:Female; D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000032:analysis; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000032:analysis; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000032:analysis / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D007964:Leukocytosis / Q000097:blood / Q000473:pathology; D016173:Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000032:analysis / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000473:pathology*; D010996:Pleural Effusion / Q000737:chemistry; D013964:Thyroid Neoplasms / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000032:analysis
D017077:Culture Media, Conditioned; D007375:Interleukin-1; D015850:Interleukin-6; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor; D016173:Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor