title: PSC 833 induces apoptosis in drug-sensitive human leukemia cell line and modulates resistance to paclitaxel in its multidrug-resistant variant.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The non-immunosuppressive cyclosporine analog PSC 833 has been shown to reverse multidrug-resistance of neoplastic cells including the MDR-1 gene coded P-glycoprotein (P-gp)-mediated cells resistant to paclitaxel.
  
  
  METHODS
  Apoptosis was demonstrated in drug-sensitive HL-60 and multidrug-resistant human promyelocytic leukemia HL-60/ADR (MRP) and HL-60/VCR (MDR-1) cells in vitro with the aid of flow cytometry, DNA analysis and western blotting.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The techniques used herein determined accumulation of paclitaxel/PSC 833 induced apoptotic cells with sub-G0 (hypodiploid) DNA content and blocked in the G2/M phase of the cell cycle, internucleosomal DNA fragmentation, poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase cleavage, Bcl-2 modulation and Bax up-regulation, without any significant alterations in the levels of Bcl-xL, CD95/Fas or Fas-L proteins.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Drug resistance modulator PSC 833 abolished the P-gp-mediated multidrug-resistance to paclitaxel and paclitaxel-induced apoptosis in human myeloid leukemia (HL-60/VCR) cells in vitro. Furthermore, PSC 833 alone induced apoptosis in parental drug-sensitive leukemia cells, but not in both multidrug-resistant sublines studied.
authors.affiliation: Cancer Research Institute, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Vlarska 7, 83391 Bratislava, Slovakia. exondura@savba.sk
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Duraj
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Takacsova
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sedlak
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sulikova
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hunakova
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bies
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Chorvath
mesh_terms: D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000187:drug effects; D003524:Cyclosporins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D053938:DNA Fragmentation; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm / Q000187:drug effects; D018432:Drug Resistance, Multiple; D019008:Drug Resistance, Neoplasm; D018922:HL-60 Cells / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D017239:Paclitaxel / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011065:Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases / Q000378:metabolism; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / Q000378:metabolism; D015854:Up-Regulation; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein; D051020:bcl-X Protein; D019014:fas Receptor / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; C494826:BAX protein, human; C494811:BCL2L1 protein, human; D003524:Cyclosporins; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein; D051020:bcl-X Protein; D019014:fas Receptor; D011065:Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases; D017239:Paclitaxel; C070272:valspodar