title: A foot care program for diabetic unilateral lower-limb amputees.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the efficacy of a specialist foot care program designed to prevent a second amputation and to assess peripheral vascular disease (PVD) and peripheral neuropathy in diabetic unilateral lower-limb amputees.
  
  
  METHODS
  Investigations were carried out in 143 diabetic lower-limb unilateral amputees referred to a subregional rehabilitation center for prosthetic care from a catchment area of approximately 3 million people. Peripheral vascular and nerve assessment, education, and podiatry were provided for each patient.
  
  
  RESULTS
  For the patients referred to the foot care program, there were no baseline differences between the patients who proceeded to a bilateral amputation (n = 22) and those who remained as unilateral amputees (n = 121) in their level of foot care knowledge and mean neuropathy scores. Mean ankle-brachial pressure index was significantly lower for the bilateral amputees (0.75 +/- 0.04) compared with the unilateral amputees (0.90 +/- 0.03, mean +/- SEM, P < 0.05), but there was no difference in the level of oxygen in the skin. However, the level of carbon dioxide was significantly lower in patients with bilateral amputation (24.21 +/- 2.16 vs. 31.20 +/- 0.85 mmHg, P < 0.03). Overall, the establishment of a specialist foot care program made no impact on contralateral limb amputation (22 of 143, 15.4%) compared with matched patients without the program (21 of 148, 14%) over a 2-year outcome period for each patient.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PVD is more closely associated with diabetic bilateral amputation than neuropathy or level of foot care knowledge. Preventative foot care programs for diabetic unilateral amputees should therefore place greater emphasis on peripheral vascular assessment to identify patients at risk and on the development of timely intervention strategies.
authors.affiliation: Diabetes Foot Clinic, Disablement Services Centre, Withington Hospital, Manchester, UK. annelcarr@netscapeonline.co.uk
authors.forename: A L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Carrington
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Abbott
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Griffiths
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Jackson
authors.forename: S R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kulkarni
authors.forename: E R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Van Ross
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Boulton
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000671:Amputation, Surgical; D001794:Blood Pressure; D001916:Brachial Artery / Q000503:physiopathology; D048909:Diabetes Complications; D003925:Diabetic Angiopathies / Q000150:complications; D017719:Diabetic Foot / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000601:surgery*; D003929:Diabetic Neuropathies / Q000150:complications; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007866:Leg / Q000098:blood supply / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D012008:Recurrence; D012307:Risk Factors