title: Phase I clinical trial of oral COL-3, a matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor, in patients with refractory metastatic cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This phase I clinical trial was designed to determine the maximum-tolerated dose and dose-limiting toxicities of the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) inhibitor COL-3 in patients with refractory solid tumors.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-five patients with different cancer types were enrolled. COL-3 doses were escalated from 36 mg/m2/d in successive cohorts of at least three patients. Circulating levels of MMP-2, MMP-9, vascular endothelial growth factor, and basic fibroblast growth factor were assessed during treatment. Pharmacokinetic parameters were assessed for single and multiple doses of drug.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cutaneous phototoxicity was dose-limiting at 98 mg/m2/d. With the use of prophylactic sunblock, COL-3 was well tolerated at 70 mg/m2/d. The dose of 36 mg/m2/d was well tolerated without the use of sunblock. Other toxicities that did not seem to be related to dose or pharmacokinetics included anemia, anorexia, constipation, dizziness, elevated liver function test results, fever, headache, heartburn, nausea, vomiting, peripheral and central neurotoxicities, fatigue, and three cases of drug-induced lupus. Disease stabilization for periods of 26+ months, 8 months, and 6 months were seen in hemangioendothelioma, Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor, and fibrosarcoma, respectively. There was a potentially statistically significant relationship between changes in plasma MMP-2 levels and cumulative doses of drug when progressive disease patients were compared with those with stable disease or toxicity (P = .042).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  COL-3 induced disease stabilization in several patients who had a nonepithelial type of malignancy. Phototoxicity was dose-limiting. We recommend the dose of 36 mg/m2/d for phase II trials.
authors.affiliation: Medicine Branch, Division of Clinical Sciences, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Rudek
authors.forename: W D
authors.initials: WD
authors.lastname: Figg
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Dyer
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Dahut
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Turner
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Steinberg
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Liewehr
authors.forename: D R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Kohler
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Pluda
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Reed
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016228:Endothelial Growth Factors / Q000097:blood; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D016222:Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D008222:Lymphokines / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 / Q000097:blood; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / Q000097:blood; D061965:Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors; D020782:Matrix Metalloproteinases / Q000097:blood; D008875:Middle Aged; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy*; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D013754:Tetracyclines / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D042442:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D016228:Endothelial Growth Factors; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D008222:Lymphokines; D061965:Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors; D013754:Tetracyclines; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D042442:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors; C117155:tetracycline CMT-3; D016222:Fibroblast Growth Factor 2; D020782:Matrix Metalloproteinases; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9