title: Comparative study of the expression of DNA mismatch repair genes, the adenomatous polyposis coli gene and growth arrest DNA damage genes in melanoma recurrences and metastases.
abstract: The main goal of this study was to examine the expression of DNA mismatch repair genes (MLH1, MSH2, PMS1 and PMS2), the adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) gene and growth arrest DNA damage inducible (GADD) genes (GADD34, GADD45 and GADD153) in the different stages of melanoma recurrences and metastases, and to identify any mutual consistencies in their expression pattern. All the cases of primary melanoma examined showed a reduced expression of DNA repair genes. These results demonstrate that disturbances of DNA repair begin in the early stages of melanoma. No significant differences were found in the expression of these markers between cutaneous melanomas and their recurrences and metastases (P> 0.05). Eighteen significant correlations between markers were found in the primary melanomas, and 10 significant correlations were observed in the first recurrences of melanoma. In contrast, 27 statistically significant relationships were demonstrated in metastatic lymph nodes. The different correlations found in primary and metastatic tumours confirmed the hypothetical difference in marker interaction in the diagnostic groups investigated. Our results suggest that DNA repair genes may play an important role in the recurrence and metastasis of melanomas.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cytopathology, Georg-August University Göttingen, Germany.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Korabiowska
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Brinck
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kotthaus
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Berger
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Droese
mesh_terms: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D025601:Adenomatous Polyposis Coli Protein; D000251:Adenosine Triphosphatases; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000943:Antigens, Differentiation; D020137:Base Pair Mismatch; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D022762:CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D003598:Cytoskeletal Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D004249:DNA Damage; D004260:DNA Repair; D045643:DNA Repair Enzymes; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008297:Male; D008545:Melanoma / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D000070976:Mismatch Repair Endonuclease PMS2; D000070957:MutL Protein Homolog 1; D000070956:MutL Proteins; D051718:MutS Homolog 2 Protein; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D014176:Protein Biosynthesis; D054645:Protein Phosphatase 1; D011506:Proteins; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis; D012008:Recurrence; D051742:Transcription Factor CHOP; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000096:biosynthesis; D000097642:GADD45 Proteins
chemical_list: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D025601:Adenomatous Polyposis Coli Protein; D000251:Adenosine Triphosphatases; D000943:Antigens, Differentiation; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D022762:CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D003598:Cytoskeletal Proteins; D045643:DNA Repair Enzymes; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D000070976:Mismatch Repair Endonuclease PMS2; D000070957:MutL Protein Homolog 1; D000070956:MutL Proteins; D051718:MutS Homolog 2 Protein; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D054645:Protein Phosphatase 1; D011506:Proteins; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D051742:Transcription Factor CHOP; D014157:Transcription Factors; D000097642:GADD45 Proteins; C497249:DDIT3 protein, human; C501486:MLH1 protein, human; C088996:PMS1 protein, human; C087519:PPP1R15A protein, human; C094934:PMS2 protein, human; C497172:MSH2 protein, human