title: [Ultrasound and endoscopic image of exencephaly (acrania) in the 12th week of pregnancy].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Acrania is a rare congenital anomaly of unknown pathogenesis, in which the flat bones of the cranial vault are absent and the facial bones are normally present.
  
  
  METHODS
  We present a case of a 4th gravida, who had already born 2 children with acrania and came for an ultrasound examination in the 12th week of gestation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  By transvaginal ultrasonography it was possible to diagnose fetal acrania already in the 12th week. By hysteroscopy at the same time we could see, that the brain was covered by a thin membrane, the facial bone and the shape of the cranium were normal.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  By hysteroscopy it was possible to confirm the diagnosis and to detect additional malformations. This fetus showed a small omphalocele, hexadactylism on both sides and clubfeet on both sides.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  By hysteroscopy in this early week of pregnancy we could demonstrate, that acrania is an independent anomaly and not the first stage of an anencephaly as reported by other authors. Hysteroscopy also offers the advantage of viewing the intact fetus before pregnancy termination.
authors.affiliation: Ludwig-Boltzmann-Institut für klinische Geburtshilfe und Gynäkologie, Gyn. Geb. Abt., Donauspital am SMZ-Ost, Wien, Osterreich.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rankine
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Hafner
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Schuchter
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Philipp
mesh_terms: D000015:Abnormalities, Multiple / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics; D000025:Abortion, Eugenic; D000328:Adult; D001921:Brain / Q000002:abnormalities*; D003025:Clubfoot / Q000235:genetics; D019160:Endosonography; D005260:Female; D005332:Fetoscopy; D006801:Humans; D011247:Pregnancy; D011261:Pregnancy Trimester, First; D012886:Skull / Q000002:abnormalities*; D016216:Ultrasonography, Prenatal
vernacular_title: Das sonographische und endoskopische Bild einer Exenzephalie (Akranius) in der 12. Schwangerschaftswoche.