title: Dietary fiber fraction of germinated barley foodstuff attenuated mucosal damage and diarrhea, and accelerated the repair of the colonic mucosa in an experimental colitis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Germinated barley foodstuff (GBF) contains protein and insoluble dietary fiber. We have previously shown in ulcerative colitis patients and a colitis model that GBF feeding attenuates mucosal damage by increasing luminal butyrate levels. However, the detailed mechanism remains unclear because of its heterogeneous nature. The present study was carried out to: (i) evaluate the active ingredient in GBF; and (ii) examine its effect on the repair process in colonic inflammation by using a dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) colitis model.
  
  
  METHODS
  Colitis was induced by feeding a diet containing 0.5-3.5% DSS to male Sprague-Dawley rats. (i) Active ingredient: GBF was fractionated enzymatically into fiber- and protein-rich fractions. Each fraction was administered to DSS-colitis rats. Clinical signs, cecal short chain fatty acid concentrations and serum alpha1-acid glycoprotein (AAG) levels were determined. (ii) Effect on mucosal repair: GBF with or without salazosulfapyridine (SASP), or SASP alone was administered to rats after the onset of colitis. Seven days after initial treatment, the number of epithelial cells in HE sections was evaluated morphologically in a blind fashion and serum AAG was determined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  (i) Germinate barley foodstuff and GBF-fiber significantly attenuated the clinical signs of colitis and decreased serum AAG levels, with a significant increase in cecal butyrate production, while GBF-protein did not. (ii) Treatment with GBF alone and GBF plus SASP significantly accelerated colonic epithelial repair and improved clinical signs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings suggest that the fiber fraction of GBF may effectively enhance luminal butyrate production, and thereby accelerate colonic epithelial repair in colitis.
authors.affiliation: Applied Bioresearch Center, Corporate Research and Development Division, Kirin Brewery Co. Ltd, Takasaki, Gunma, Japan. kanauchio@kirin.co.jp
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Kanauchi
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Iwanaga
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Andoh
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Araki
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mitsuyama
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hibi
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Bamba
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002482:Cellulose / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003092:Colitis / Q000178:diet therapy*; D003967:Diarrhea / Q000097:blood / Q000178:diet therapy*; D004043:Dietary Fiber / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005232:Fatty Acids, Volatile / Q000032:analysis; D018525:Germination; D001467:Hordeum / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D009961:Orosomucoid / Q000032:analysis; D008517:Phytotherapy; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012460:Sulfasalazine / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D004043:Dietary Fiber; D005232:Fatty Acids, Volatile; D009961:Orosomucoid; D012460:Sulfasalazine; D002482:Cellulose