title: Early retardation of 99mTc-DTPA radioaerosol transalveolar clearance in irradiated canine lung.
abstract: The alteration of 99mTc-labeled diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) transalveolar clearance in an initial phase of radiation lung injury was experimentally investigated.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fourteen dogs were irradiated to the hemithorax with a single dose of 20 Gy. A DTPA radioaerosol study was performed before irradiation and on day 12 after irradiation. On day 14, the DTPA study was repeated again, with seven animals undergoing the study after inhalation of an aerosolized synthetic surfactant. The penetration index (P.I.) and clearance half-time (T(1/2)) of DTPA were measured in each lung. To evaluate the changes in lung surfactant after irradiation, alveolar lipids were stained in the resected lungs (n = 14), and the amounts of alveolar surfactant phospholipid and protein were measured by a bronchoalveolar lavage study in another six irradiated dogs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In all of the 14 irradiated animals, DTPA radioaerosol distributed uniformly throughout the lungs without significant changes in P.I. The T(1/2) values in irradiated lungs were significantly prolonged compared with the matched baseline values and those in nonirradiated lungs (P < 0.05 and 0.001, respectively). The aerosolized synthetic surfactant retarded the DTPA clearance both in the irradiated and in the nonirradiated lungs (P < 0.001) without significant changes in P.I. The histologic and bronchoalveolar lavage studies revealed an increase of alveolar surfactant materials in the irradiated lungs without substantial histologic changes in the alveolar structures.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  DTPA transalveolar clearance was retarded soon after irradiation. Increased alveolar surfactant may be partly responsible for this retarded DTPA clearance because the aerosolized synthetic surfactant also prolonged the clearance in nonirradiated lungs. A DTPA clearance test is sensitive for the early detection of radiation lung injury and seems helpful for clarifying the association of epithelial integrity changes and lung surfactant in radiation lung injury.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Columbia-Presbyterian Medical Center, New York, New York, USA.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Suga
authors.forename: P O
authors.initials: PO
authors.lastname: Alderson
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mitra
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Domingues
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rescigno
authors.forename: L G
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ogasawara
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Matsunaga
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sasai
mesh_terms: D000280:Administration, Inhalation; D000336:Aerosols; D000818:Animals; D004285:Dogs; D004338:Drug Combinations; D005233:Fatty Alcohols / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D008055:Lipids / Q000032:analysis; D008168:Lung / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000528:radiation effects*; D010767:Phosphorylcholine; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D011650:Pulmonary Alveoli / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000528:radiation effects; D011663:Pulmonary Surfactants / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000528:radiation effects; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D011833:Radiation Injuries, Experimental / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D011877:Radionuclide Imaging; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D016284:Technetium Tc 99m Pentetate / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*
chemical_list: D000336:Aerosols; D004338:Drug Combinations; D005233:Fatty Alcohols; D008055:Lipids; D011663:Pulmonary Surfactants; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D010767:Phosphorylcholine; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; C047049:dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine, hexadecanol, tyloxapol drug combination; D016284:Technetium Tc 99m Pentetate