title: [Intensified conventional insulin therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Positive long-term effects of insulin lispro on metabolic control and microalbuminuria].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  It was decided to demonstrate by the present observations to which extent beneficial long-term effects on metabolic control, body weight and microalbuminuria can be attained by applying intensive insulin therapy (IIT) to type 2 diabetic patients, particularly when using insulin lispro.
  
  
  METHODS
  In our observational study, clinical data were evaluated during 6, 12 and 36 months after participation in our structured inpatient insulin treatment and teaching programme in 25 patients with conventional insulin therapy (CT), in 10 patients with IIT using human normal insulin and in 15 patients with IIT using insulin lispro who all could be followed for 3 years in our outpatient diabetic clinic.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the CT-treated patients, HbA1c decreased from 10.2 +/- 0.4% to 7.6 +/- 0.2% (average +/- SEM) after 3 years. Body weight increased from 27.8 +/- 0.9 kg/m2 to 28.6 +/- 0.9 kg/m2, insulin dose increased from 29 +/- 3 U/day to 48 +/- 5 U/day (all p < 0.05), urinary albumin concentration was only transiently reduced. In the IIT-treated patients using human normal insulin, HbA1c fell from 10.6 +/- 0.8% to 7.9 +/- 0.5%, body weight increased from 27.8 +/- 1.4 kg/m2 to 29.8 +/- 1.3 kg/m2, urinary albumin concentration was reduced from 26 +/- 10 mg/l to 13 +/- 3 mg/l (all p < 0.05). Insulin dose increased only slightly from 57 +/- 6 U/day to 63 +/- 7 U/day. In the IIT-treated patients using insulin lispro HbA1c fell from 8.4 +/- 0.5% to 6.7 +/- 0.3%, body weight increased from 27.6 +/- 1.0 kg/m2 to 28.7 +/- 1.3 kg/m2, insulin dose from 36 +/- 5 U/day to 50 +/- 7 U/day, urinary albumin concentration was reduced from 23 +/- 4 mg/l to 13 +/- 4 mg/l (all p < 0.05). Blood pressure remained uninfluenced by insulin therapy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In our patients, we observed a beneficial long-term effect on metabolic control of IIT-treatment using insulin lispro, which was evident over the complete 3-year observation period, together with an only moderate increase in insulin dose and a clinically acceptable increase in body weight, but a remarkable reduction of microalbuminuria. Thus, clinical outcome was superior to that in patients treated with CT or IIT using human normal insulin.
authors.affiliation: St. Vinzenz Hospital Wiedenbrück, St.-Vinzenz-Strasse 1, D-33378 Rheda-Wiedenbrück.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Jungmann
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Helling
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Jungmann
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mertens
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Snelting
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000419:Albuminuria / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy*; D003928:Diabetic Nephropathies / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D007328:Insulin / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D061268:Insulin Lispro; D007336:Insulin, Isophane / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D007677:Kidney Function Tests; D008297:Male; D008687:Metformin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D008875:Middle Aged; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007328:Insulin; D061268:Insulin Lispro; D007336:Insulin, Isophane; D008687:Metformin
vernacular_title: Intensivierte konventionelle Insulintherapie (ICT) bei Patienten mit Typ 2 Diabetes mellitus. Günstige Langzeiteffekte von Insulin Lispro auf Stoffwechselkontrolle und Mikroalbuminurie.