title: A new design for polyurethane heart valves.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The synthetic flexible tri-leaflet heart valve offers considerable potential for improvement in both hydrodynamic and biomechanical performance of replacement heart valves. To date, success with the synthetic leaflet heart valve has been limited, partly due to limitations in the biostability of the polyurethanes used. With the synthesis of new biostable polyurethanes, the integration of advancing technology, and better knowledge of the functional and biomechanical design requirements necessary to increase the long-term durability of the polyurethane heart valve, novel clinical solutions are now in sight.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study describes the design characteristics, hydrodynamic and biomechanical performance of a new design of polyurethane heart valve. The function and durability characteristics of this novel design of heart valve, manufactured using a proven durable non-biostable polyurethane, was compared with that of a single AorTech porcine bioprosthetic heart valve and a single tilting disc mechanical heart valve, the Björk-Shiley Monostrut valve (BSM), of similar size.
  
  
  RESULTS
  For equivalent sizes of valve, the new polyurethane heart valve design had significantly lower pressure gradients compared with the porcine valve at all flow rates and to the BSM valve at the higher flow rates. The effective orifice area of the polyurethane valve was greater than the other two valves studied; regurgitation and total energy loss were less. The new polyurethane valve design reached over 360 million cycles in an accelerated durability tester, without failure.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This new design of polyurethane heart valve showed improved hydrodynamic function in comparison with either the porcine bioprosthetic or the BSM mechanical heart valve. The pulsatile flow results showed a lower total energy loss associated with this valve, indicating improved potential patient benefit. The durability of this new design of polyurethane heart valve was demonstrated when manufactured using a medical-grade polyurethane.
authors.affiliation: Medical and Biological Engineering, School of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Leeds, UK.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Butterfield
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Wheatley
authors.forename: D F
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fisher
mesh_terms: D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D001705:Bioprosthesis; D019544:Equipment Failure Analysis; D006350:Heart Valve Prosthesis; D006439:Hemodynamics; D006801:Humans; D008955:Models, Cardiovascular; D011140:Polyurethanes; D011474:Prosthesis Design
chemical_list: D011140:Polyurethanes