title: Efficacy of intracoronary or intravenous VEGF165 in a pig model of chronic myocardial ischemia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We sought to optimize vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) treatment for therapeutic angiogenesis in myocardial ischemia, we explored the efficacy of five different regimens.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Although VEGF165 is one of the most potent pro-angiogenic growth factors, VEGF165 treatment for myocardial ischemia has been hampered by low efficacy and dose-limiting hypotension after systemic or intracoronary delivery.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study evaluated the effect of intravenous or intracoronary rhVEGF165 in the presence or absence of nitric oxide (NO) synthase inhibition in a porcine model of chronic myocardial ischemia. Forty-two Yorkshire pigs with chronically occluded left circumflex coronary arteries were randomly assigned to receive 10 microg/kg of VEGF165: 1) rapid (40 min) intravenous VEGF165 0.25 microg/kg/min, 2) slow (200 min) intravenous VEGF165 0.05 microg/kg/min, 3) rapid intracoronary VEGF165 0.25 microg/kg/min, 4) rapid intracoronary VEGF165 0.25 microg/kg/min + nitro-L-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride (L-NAME) or 5) rapid vehicle infusion.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Intracoronary and intravenous VEGF165 induced hypotension. Intracoronary VEGF-induced hypotension was blocked by L-NAME. Coronary angiography three weeks after treatment showed improvement in collateral index in both intracoronary groups but not the intravenous VEGF165 groups. Likewise, myocardial blood flow and microvascular function in the ischemic territory improved in both intracoronary groups but not in the intravenous groups. Global and regional myocardial function showed no significant improvements in any groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Intracoronary infusion of VEGF165 significantly improves blood flow to the ischemic myocardium. Concomitant administration of L-NAME inhibits VEGF-induced hypotension while most likely preserving VEGF-induced angiogenesis. Intravenous infusion of VEGF165 was not effective in augmenting either myocardial flow or function in this model.
authors.affiliation: Angiogenesis Research Center, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Laham
authors.forename: R B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Douglas
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: F W
authors.initials: FW
authors.lastname: Sellke
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bunting
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Simons
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Post
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003326:Coronary Circulation / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D016228:Endothelial Growth Factors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000187:drug effects / Q000503:physiopathology; D007261:Infusions, Intra-Arterial; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D008222:Lymphokines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D008833:Microcirculation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000503:physiopathology; D009200:Myocardial Contraction / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D017202:Myocardial Ischemia / Q000503:physiopathology*; D013552:Swine; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D042442:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors
chemical_list: D016228:Endothelial Growth Factors; D008222:Lymphokines; C467484:VEGFA protein, human; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D042442:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors