title: [Molecular biology and immunohistochemical prognostic markers in head and neck squamous epithelial carcinomas].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Scientific research work of the last decade has been performed in order to investigate biological parameters of prognostic significance for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. In contrast to other cancer types, like colon carcinoma, where tumour progression is accompanied by an almost defined sequel of gene activations and inactivations, cells of squamous cell carcinoma behave more heterogenously.
  
  
  METHODS
  Publications concerning the most important immunohistochemical, molecular biological and cytogenetic prognostic markers in head and neck cancer have been analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The prognostic markers discussed in this publication have been classified into the following areas: Apoptosis, cell cycle regulation, viral infections, cytokines and growth factors/growth factor receptors, angiogenesis and hypoxia, proteinases, cell-cell contacts and cell-matrix contacts, cytokeratin fragments, chromosomal rearrangements and genetically inherited susceptibility to toxic reagents.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Significant prognostic markers are important for the clinical follow-up of patients and the choice of therapeutical approach. However, none of the factors analyzed can be used as an individual and universal prognostic marker at present.
authors.affiliation: Klinik und Poliklinik für Hals-, Nasen- und Ohrenkranke der Universität Würzburg. marianne.schmidt@mail.uni-wuerzburg.de
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schmidt
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Hoppe
mesh_terms: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics*; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D010039:Otorhinolaryngologic Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D011379:Prognosis; D020545:Respiratory Mucosa / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor
vernacular_title: Molekularbiologische und immunhistochemische Prognosemarker bei Kopf-Hals-Plattenepithelkarzinomen.