title: Randomised controlled trial of three day versus 10 day intravenous antibiotics in acute pyelonephritis: effect on renal scarring.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Acute pyelonephritis often leaves children with permanent renal scarring.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To compare the prevalence of scarring following initial treatment with antibiotics administered intravenously for 10 or three days.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a prospective two centre trial, 220 patients aged 3 months to 16 years with positive urine culture and acute renal lesions on initial DMSA scintigraphy, were randomly assigned to receive intravenous ceftriaxone (50 mg/kg once daily) for 10 or three days, followed by oral cefixime (4 mg/kg twice daily) to complete a 15 day course. After three months, scintigraphy was repeated in order to diagnose renal scars.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Renal scarring developed in 33% of the 110 children in the 10 day intravenous group and 36% of the 110 children in the three day group. Children older than 1 year had more renal scarring than infants (42% (54/129) and 24% (22/91), respectively). After adjustment for age, sex, duration of fever before treatment, degree of inflammation, presence of vesicoureteric reflux, and the patients' recruitment centres, there was no significant difference between the two treatments on renal scarring. During follow up, 15 children had recurrence of urinary infection with no significant difference between the two treatment groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In children with acute pyelonephritis, initial intravenous treatment for 10 days, compared with three days, does not significantly reduce the development of renal scarring.
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatrics, Cantonal University Hospital, 6 rue Willy Donzé, 1211 Geneva 14, Switzerland. benador@bluewin.ch
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Benador
authors.forename: T J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Neuhaus
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Papazyan
authors.forename: U V
authors.initials: UV
authors.lastname: Willi
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Engel-Bicik
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Nadal
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Slosman
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Mermillod
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Girardin
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000293:Adolescent; D002443:Ceftriaxone / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002511:Cephalosporins / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002921:Cicatrix / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology*; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology; D008297:Male; D011704:Pyelonephritis / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000188:drug therapy*; D011877:Radionuclide Imaging; D012044:Regression Analysis; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D002511:Cephalosporins; D002443:Ceftriaxone