title: A human CD46 transgenic pig model system for the study of discordant xenotransplantation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The chronic shortage in the supply of human organs available for allotransplantation has turned attention toward the use of animals as potential donors, with pigs as the most likely species under consideration. Hyperacute rejection, the initial and immediate barrier to a pig-to-primate xenograft, has been addressed by generation of transgenic pigs that express the human membrane-bound complement-regulatory proteins CD59 and/or CD55. Difficulty has been encountered in generation of transgenic animals that express a third membrane-bound complement-regulatory protein, CD46.
  
  
  METHODS
  We have generated transgenic animals by using a large genomic construct that encompasses the entire human CD46 gene.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We report the first description of transgenic mice and pigs that express high levels of human CD46 in a cell and tissue type-specific manner, resembling patterns of endogenous CD46 expression observed in human tissues. Furthermore, when human CD46 transgenic porcine hearts were transplanted into baboons, the grafts did not succumb to hyperacute rejection, and survival extended for up to 23 days. Under the same conditions, nontransgenic grafts underwent hyperacute rejection within 90 min.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This is the first report to describe generation of transgenic pigs that express human CD46, and the first in vivo demonstration of the ability of human CD46 expressed on pig organs to regulate complement activation and overcome hyperacute rejection upon transplantation of a vascularized organ into nonhuman primates.
authors.affiliation: Nextran, Inc, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, USA.
authors.forename: L E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Diamond
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Quinn
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lawson
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Platt
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Logan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D030801:Animals, Genetically Modified; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000235:genetics; D003169:Complement Inactivator Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D003165:Complement System Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000276:immunology; D019085:Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Direct; D015870:Gene Expression; D006084:Graft Rejection / Q000517:prevention & control; D016027:Heart Transplantation / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000378:metabolism; D007075:Immunoglobulin M / Q000378:metabolism; D051916:Membrane Cofactor Protein; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000235:genetics; D051379:Mice; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D016377:Organ Transplantation / Q000502:physiology*; D020033:Protein Isoforms / Q000235:genetics; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013552:Swine; D014183:Transplantation, Heterologous
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD; C497857:CD46 protein, human; D003169:Complement Inactivator Proteins; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D007075:Immunoglobulin M; C497859:Mcp protein, mouse; D051916:Membrane Cofactor Protein; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D020033:Protein Isoforms; D003165:Complement System Proteins