title: Liquid diets accelerate the growth of early-weaned pigs and the effects are maintained to market weight.
abstract: Piglets (n = 240, 11.0+/-0.1 d old, 3.93+/-0.05 kg) were allotted to one of four treatments in a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement to examine the effects of diet physical form and nursery environment during the first 14 d after weaning on growth to market weight. During the treatment period, pigs were housed (10 pigs/ pen) in either a conventional hot nursery (30 degrees C) or a segregated-temperature nursery (cool ambient temp. of 24 degrees C, with enclosed hot-box hovers at 32 degrees C). Pigs in each environment were fed nutritionally identical diets in either liquid or dry-pellet form for 14 d. Subsequently, all pigs were fed identical dry diets and were housed in common grower-finisher facilities (penned by sex, five pigs/pen). At the end of the treatment period (d 14), pigs fed the liquid diet were 21% heavier than pigs fed the dry pellet diet (9.22 vs 7.60 kg; P < 0.001). Similarly, gain, feed intake, and gain/feed of liquid-fed pigs were 44%, 18%, and 22% greater, respectively, than observed for pigs fed the dry pellet diet. No main effect of environment was observed (P > 0.10); however, an interaction with diet physical form occurred during the early-nursery period (P < 0.01). Pigs fed the liquid diet showed better performance in the conventional nursery, whereas pigs fed the dry pellet diet were favored in the segregated-temperature nursery. No major differences in growth performance or in ultrasound carcass measurements were detected during the growing-finishing period; however, the advantage in body weight of liquid-fed pigs gained during the first 2 wk postweaning was maintained to the end of the trial (113.9 vs 110.6 kg; P < 0.05). Pigs that were fed the early-nursery diet in liquid form reached market weight (110 kg) 3.7 d sooner than the dry-fed controls (P < 0.01). Estimates of lean gain (calculated from live ultrasound data) were unaffected, suggesting that composition of growth was not altered. Collectively, these results show that liquid feeding during early life can markedly accelerate piglet growth performance and that the growth advantage is maintained to market weight, with no evidence of compensatory gain in the dry-fed control pigs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh 27695, USA. jihkim@agribrands.co.kr
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: K N
authors.initials: KN
authors.lastname: Heo
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Odle
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Harrell
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000254:growth & development; D000821:Animal Feed; D000818:Animals; D006358:Hot Temperature; D006799:Housing, Animal; D016014:Linear Models; D008892:Milk / Q000378:metabolism; D024510:Muscle Development; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000254:growth & development; D011897:Random Allocation; D013552:Swine / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism