title: Micelle formation for improvement of continuous subcritical water extraction of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soil prior to high-performance liquid chromatography-fluorescence detection.
abstract: A new method for the extraction-individual separation-determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in soil is reported. The method is based on the integration of three steps: continuous subcritical extraction, solid-phase clean-up/preconcentration, and HPLC separation with post-column fluorimetric determination. Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) was added to the water for favouring the extractability of the low-polarity analytes. Soil samples spiked with the target PAHs were subjected to static-dynamic extraction with SDS-water at 50 bar, 150 degrees C, for 15 min of static extraction and 10 min dynamic extraction at a flow-rate of 3 ml/min. Recoveries from 73.6 to 110.4% were obtained in the presence of SDS versus 30 to 80% obtained with water as extractant. The calibration graphs provided by HPLC-fluorimetric detection were run between 0.031 and 0.375 microg/ml for each analyte with regression coefficients between 0.917 and 0.999 and precision, expressed as RSD, between 1.2 and 11.5%. The method was applied to a certified reference material [CRM 524, BCR (Community Bureau of Reference), industrial soil/organic] for validation and the results obtained were in agreement with the certified values.
authors.affiliation: Analytical Chemistry Division, University of Córdoba, Spain.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Fernández-Pérez
authors.forename: M D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Luque de Castro
mesh_terms: D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods*; D008823:Micelles; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons / Q000032:analysis / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D012967:Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate; D012987:Soil / Q000032:analysis*; D013050:Spectrometry, Fluorescence; D013501:Surface-Active Agents; D013696:Temperature; D014867:Water
chemical_list: D008823:Micelles; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons; D012987:Soil; D013501:Surface-Active Agents; D014867:Water; D012967:Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate