title: Lunate excision, capitate osteotomy, and intercarpal arthrodesis for advanced Kienböck disease. Long-term follow-up.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Kienböck disease is caused by aseptic necrosis of the lunate. In the advanced stages of the disease, carpal collapse, joint incongruity, and osteoarthritis develop. We performed lunate excision, capitate osteotomy, and intercarpal arthrodesis (the modified procedure of Graner et al.) on fifteen patients with stage-IIIB or IV Kienböck disease. This report is a review of the findings in these patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  The subjects ranged in age from twenty-six to fifty-four years (mean, 39.2 years) at the time of surgery. We evaluated the results more than five years postoperatively (range, sixty-two to 145 months postoperatively; mean, 79.3 months postoperatively). Therapeutic results were evaluated according to the scoring system of Evans et al.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Pain disappeared after surgery in most patients. Others had a reduction in the intensity of the pain to a mild level. The grip strength on the affected side had recovered to about 80% of that on the unaffected side twelve months after surgery. The long-term results were graded as good in eleven of the patients, as fair in two, and as poor in two. Postoperative radiographs showed that the carpal bone parameters (carpal height index and radioscaphoid angle) had improved. Radiographic osteoarthritic changes occurred in all of the patients; however, except for moderate limitation of the range of motion at the wrist joint, these findings did not affect the level of pain, grip strength, or activities of daily living.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Lunate excision followed by capitate osteotomy and intercarpal arthrodesis (the modified procedure of Graner et al.) is a reliable form of treatment for advanced Kienböck disease, with favorable results for at least five years postoperatively.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Tokyo Medical University, Japan. k-takase@muf.biglobe.ne.jp
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Takase
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Imakiire
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000328:Adult; D001174:Arthrodesis / Q000379:methods*; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D002348:Carpal Bones / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D012667:Lunate Bone / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010003:Osteoarthritis / Q000209:etiology; D010007:Osteochondritis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D010027:Osteotomy / Q000379:methods*; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D011859:Radiography; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular; D014955:Wrist Joint