title: [Anesthetic management for thoracoscopic bullae resection using epidural anesthesia].
abstract: We report the anesthetic management for elective thoracoscopic bullae resection (TBR) using high thoracic epidural (TE) anesthesia in awake patients. Pain and cough reflex caused by the surgical procedure could be controlled well with high TE anesthesia using 20-25 ml of 2% lidocaine. Respiratory and hemodynamic conditions remained stable during the surgical procedure. High TE anesthesia using a large dose of local anesthetic is thought to be suitable for TBR.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Asahikawa Medical College, Asahikawa 078-8510.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nagashima
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sakurai
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sengoku
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Takahata
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Iwasaki
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000767:Anesthesia, Epidural / Q000379:methods*; D003243:Consciousness; D017558:Elective Surgical Procedures; D005260:Female; D006439:Hemodynamics; D006801:Humans; D007432:Intraoperative Period; D008012:Lidocaine; D008297:Male; D011030:Pneumothorax / Q000601:surgery*; D012119:Respiration; D013906:Thoracoscopy
chemical_list: D008012:Lidocaine