title: Systemic effects of an intraosseous injection of 2% lidocaine with 1:100,000 epinephrine.
abstract: The effect of a mandibular intraosseous injection of 2% lidocaine with 1:100,000 epinephrine on the heart rate and blood pressure of 20 volunteer patients was examined. Changes in blood pressure from preoperative levels were minimal and did not vary significantly at any time of measurement. The only statistically significant change in heart rate occurred immediately after the intraosseous injection (an increase of 12 beats per minute). In young healthy adults, the intraosseous injection of 1.5 mL of 2% lidocaine with 1:100,000 epinephrine resulted in a slight transient elevation in heart rate but had no significant effect on systolic or diastolic blood pressure.
authors.affiliation: Keesler Air Force Base, Mississippi, USA.
authors.forename: T M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Chamberlain
authors.forename: R D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Davis
authors.forename: D F
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Murchison
authors.forename: S R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Hansen
authors.forename: B W
authors.initials: BW
authors.lastname: Richardson
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000766:Anesthesia, Dental / Q000379:methods*; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects*; D004837:Epinephrine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D017148:Infusions, Intraosseous; D007267:Injections; D008012:Lidocaine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008334:Mandible; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D014662:Vasoconstrictor Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage
chemical_list: D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D014662:Vasoconstrictor Agents; D008012:Lidocaine; D004837:Epinephrine