title: Leakage along apical root fillings in curved root canals. Part I: effects of apical transportation on seal of root fillings.
abstract: Occurrence of apical transportation (AT) may complicate the root filling procedure and result in a compromised seal. In part I of this study, human mandibular premolars with single, curved (21 to 39 degrees), or straight canals were prepared by Lightspeed or a step-back hand filing technique. An AT index was determined using a double exposure radiographic technique. The prepared canals were obturated using lateral condensation of gutta-percha. Leakage along the apical 3 mm of root filling was measured with a fluid transport model. After hand filing, AT and perforation occurred in 87% of the curved canals. The AT indices were > or = 0.4 mm. After Lightspeed preparation, AT occurred in only 19% of the curved canals. The hand filing/curved group leaked statistically significantly more than the hand filing/straight and Lightspeed/curved groups (p = 0.002). We conclude that occurrence of AT is a factor that negatively influences the apical seal when curved canals are obturated by lateral condensation of gutta-percha.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cariology Endodontology Pedodontology, ACTA, Louwesweg 1, 1066 EA, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: M K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.forename: P R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Wesselink
mesh_terms: D001641:Bicuspid; D001729:Bismuth / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003722:Dental Alloys; D003763:Dental Leakage / Q000209:etiology*; D003786:Dental Pulp Cavity / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D004202:Disinfectants / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004338:Drug Combinations; D004853:Epoxy Resins; D004867:Equipment Design; D006171:Gutta-Percha / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D008709:Methenamine / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use; D009532:Nickel; D011859:Radiography; D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012388:Root Canal Irrigants / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012389:Root Canal Obturation / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D018915:Root Canal Preparation / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D012834:Silver / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012973:Sodium Hypochlorite / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D013499:Surface Properties; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use; D019227:Tooth Apex / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*
chemical_list: D003722:Dental Alloys; D004202:Disinfectants; D004338:Drug Combinations; D004853:Epoxy Resins; D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials; D012388:Root Canal Irrigants; C040654:titanium nickelide; D012834:Silver; C028044:epoxy resin AH-26; D009532:Nickel; D006171:Gutta-Percha; D014025:Titanium; D012973:Sodium Hypochlorite; D008709:Methenamine; D001729:Bismuth