title: Strengthening mechanisms of current dental porcelains.
abstract: Dental porcelains have a high glass content, which provides the translucency necessary for esthetic restorations. Because glasses are brittle, they fail under tension or bending by the propagation of preexisting flaws (e.g., scratches, porosities). Several approaches that are based on impeding the propagation of flaws have been used to strengthen dental porcelains, including bonding to metals, adding microcrystalline phases, and surface treatments (i.e., polishing, ion exchange, hydration). Through these methods, porcelain systems are used routinely for all-ceramic anterior restorations; however, porcelain-fused-to-metal restorations remain the most reliable for posterior applications.
authors.affiliation: School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
authors.forename: W J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: O'Brien
mesh_terms: D003460:Crystallization; D003722:Dental Alloys; D001840:Dental Bonding; D003775:Dental Polishing; D003776:Dental Porcelain / Q000737:chemistry*; D003793:Dental Restoration, Permanent; D004955:Esthetics, Dental; D005898:Glass / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D016876:Metal Ceramic Alloys / Q000737:chemistry; D018583:Pliability; D016062:Porosity; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D013499:Surface Properties
chemical_list: D003722:Dental Alloys; D016876:Metal Ceramic Alloys; D003776:Dental Porcelain