title: The phytoestrogen genistein produces acute nitric oxide-dependent dilation of human forearm vasculature with similar potency to 17beta-estradiol.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Genistein, a phytoestrogen, may have estrogenic cardioprotective actions. We investigated whether genistein influences endothelium-dependent vasodilation in forearm vasculature of healthy human subjects and compared the effects of genistein with those of 17beta-estradiol.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The brachial arterial was cannulated with a 27-gauge needle for drug infusion. Forearm blood flow responses were measured with strain-gauge plethysmography. Genistein (10 to 300 nmol/min, each dose for 6 minutes) produced a dose-dependent increase in forearm blood flow from 3.4+/-0.3 to 9.6+/-1.3 mL x min(-1) x 100 mL forearm(-1) (mean+/-SEM) in men (n=9, P:<0.0001 by ANOVA). The mean forearm venous concentration of genistein during infusion of the highest dose was 1.8+/-0.3 micromol/L in 6 additional men. Genistein produced a similar increase in blood flow in premenopausal women. Daidzein, another phytoestrogen, was ineffective, but equimolar concentrations of 17beta-estradiol caused similar vasodilation to genistein. Responses to genistein and 17beta-estradiol were inhibited to the same degree by the NO synthase inhibitor N:(G)-monomethyl-L-arginine. A threshold dose of genistein potentiated the endothelium-dependent vasodilator acetylcholine but not the endothelium-independent vasodilator nitroprusside.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Genistein causes L-arginine/NO-dependent vasodilation in forearm vasculature of human subjects with similar potency to 17beta-estradiol and potentiates endothelium-dependent vasodilation to acetylcholine.
authors.affiliation: Cardiothoracic Centre, St Thomas' Hospital, London, UK.
authors.forename: H A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Walker
authors.forename: T S
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Dean
authors.forename: T A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Sanders
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Jackson
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Ritter
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Chowienczyk
mesh_terms: D000109:Acetylcholine / Q000494:pharmacology; D000328:Adult; D001808:Blood Vessels / Q000187:drug effects; D002316:Cardiotonic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D004958:Estradiol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004968:Estrogens, Non-Steroidal / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D005542:Forearm / Q000098:blood supply*; D019833:Genistein / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D007529:Isoflavones / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism*; D020030:Nitric Oxide Donors / Q000494:pharmacology; D009599:Nitroprusside / Q000494:pharmacology; D048789:Phytoestrogens; D028321:Plant Preparations / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014664:Vasodilation / Q000187:drug effects; D014665:Vasodilator Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D019323:omega-N-Methylarginine / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D002316:Cardiotonic Agents; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D004968:Estrogens, Non-Steroidal; D007529:Isoflavones; D020030:Nitric Oxide Donors; D048789:Phytoestrogens; D028321:Plant Preparations; D014665:Vasodilator Agents; D009599:Nitroprusside; D019323:omega-N-Methylarginine; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D004958:Estradiol; C004742:daidzein; D019833:Genistein; D000109:Acetylcholine