CTLA-4 in autoimmune diseases--a general susceptibility gene to autoimmunity?
For most autoimmune disorders, the pattern of inheritance is very complex. The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) gene complex has been implicated as the major genetic component in the predisposition to these diseases but other genes are likely to be involved. Based on function and experimental data, the gene encoding cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA4) has been suggested as a candidate gene for conferring susceptibility to autoimmunity. In this review, we critically evaluate the evidence for pathogenetical involvement of CTLA-4 in the different autoimmune diseases with focus on the possible role of genetic variation of the CTLA4 locus.
Kristiansen
O P
OP
Steno Diabetes Center, Niels Steensensvej 2, DK-2820 Gentofte, Denmark.
Larsen
Z M
ZM
Pociot
F
F
D000069594:Abatacept; D000224:Addison Disease / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D000818:Animals; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000235:genetics; D000943:Antigens, Differentiation / Q000235:genetics*; D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D001327:Autoimmune Diseases / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology*; D018122:B7-1 Antigen / Q000235:genetics; D051940:B7-2 Antigen; D018106:CD28 Antigens / Q000235:genetics; D060908:CTLA-4 Antigen; D002446:Celiac Disease / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D006801:Humans; D018796:Immunoconjugates; D008180:Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000235:genetics; D051379:Mice; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D009154:Mutation; D009157:Myasthenia Gravis / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D051381:Rats; D013959:Thyroid Diseases / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D014820:Vitiligo / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology
D015703:Antigens, CD; D000943:Antigens, Differentiation; D018122:B7-1 Antigen; D051940:B7-2 Antigen; D018106:CD28 Antigens; C497964:CD86 protein, human; D060908:CTLA-4 Antigen; C556706:CTLA4 protein, human; C497965:Cd86 protein, mouse; C497966:Cd86 protein, rat; C556707:Ctla4 protein, mouse; C556708:Ctla4 protein, rat; D018796:Immunoconjugates; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D000069594:Abatacept