title: Soluble TNF and IL-2 receptors in patients with breast cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cytokines were shown both to enhance tumour growth and formation of metastases and to inhibit proliferation of tumour cells. TNF alpha may mediate apoptosis and necrosis of cancer cells, while the exact role of IL-2 remains to be elucidated. Plasma levels of TNF alpha and TNF and IL-2 soluble receptors (sTNF-R, sIL-2R) should thus be in some relation to some biological characteristics of the breast cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Plasma levels of TNF alpha, sTNF-R I and II and sIL-2R were measured in 31 women with different stages of breast cancer both before the institution of therapy and after 3 months of the treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Plasma levels of both types of sTNF-Rs were higher in patients with breast cancer than in controls (sTNF-R I--2166.6 +/- 568.9 vs. 1121.3 +/- 260.6 pg/ml, p < 0.001, sTNF-R II--3792.8 +/- 958.9 vs. 1996.2 +/- 404.3 pg/ml, p < 0.001) with no significant difference between clinical stages. Plasma levels of both sTNF-R (0.871, p < 0.001) and sIL-2R tightly correlated with each other. Plasma levels of TNF alpha decreased after treatment (from 3.92 +/- 1.86 to 3.40 +/- 1.15 pg/ml, p < 0.01), but plasma levels of sTNF-Rs and sIL-2R were not influenced by the therapy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Plasma levels of soluble TNF receptors may thus serve as a non-specific marker of the untreated breast cancer. Their relation to other biologic characteristics of this tumour is not clear. It remains also to be clarified if the long-term treatment leads to the normalization of sTNF-Rs plasma levels.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Hematology, General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Tesarová
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kvasnicka
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Umlaufová
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Homolková
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jirsa
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Tesar
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000097:blood*; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000097:blood; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000097:blood* / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D015375:Receptors, Interleukin-2 / Q000097:blood*; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor / Q000097:blood*; D047888:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I; D047889:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type II; D012995:Solubility; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D015375:Receptors, Interleukin-2; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor; D047888:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I; D047889:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type II; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha