title: Immunostaining for detecting lymph node metastases in non-small cell lung cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To detect lymph node metastases by immunohistochemistry, where previously undetected by routine histopathology.
  
  
  METHODS
  Immunostaining was carried out for high- and low molecular weight cytokeratins, and Ber-EP4 in 19 consecutive lung cancer patients who had undergone systematic mediastinal lymph node dissection.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eleven (58%) epidermoid carcinomas, 6 (32%) adenocarcinomas, and 2 (10%) bronchiolo-alveolar carcinomas were detected. These included 4 (21%) stage IA carcinomas, 6 (32%) stage IB, 6 (32%) stage IIB, 1 (5%) stage IIIB and 2 (10%) stage IV. Immunostaining did not reveal any undetected metastases. Two patients (squamous cell carcinoma T1N0; adenocarcinoma T1N0) had metastases (skeletal; ipsilateral lung) at time of surgery, and one patient (squamous cell carcinoma T2N0) had a regional and systemic relapse 10 months later. Serial sectioning with immunostaining of the lymph nodes from these three patients was also negative.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We conclude that, even with the use of immunostaining, negative lymph nodes will not assure a good prognosis, and different determinants probably exist for lymphatic and hematogenic metastases in non-small cell lung cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Tampere University Hospital, Finland. sioris@saunalahti.fi
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sioris
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Helin
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Järvenpää
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lahdensuo
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tarkka
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000954:Antigens, Surface / Q000378:metabolism; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology* / Q000556:secondary / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007633:Keratins / Q000378:metabolism; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D008197:Lymph Node Excision; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm
chemical_list: D000954:Antigens, Surface; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D007633:Keratins; C115012:human epithelial antigen-125; D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm