title: Cleft lip and palate care in the United Kingdom--the Clinical Standards Advisory Group (CSAG) Study. Part 4: outcome comparisons, training, and conclusions.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A critical appraisal of cleft care in the United Kingdom.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective comparative study.
  
  
  METHODS
  All National Health Service cleft centers in the United Kingdom.
  
  
  METHODS
  Children born with unilateral complete clefts of the lip and palate between April 1, 1982, and March 31, 1984 (12-year-olds), and April 1, 1989, and March 31, 1991 (5-year-olds). Newly appointed and senior cleft clinicians.
  
  
  METHODS
  Skeletal pattern, dental arch relationship, success of alveolar bone grafting, dental health, facial appearance, oral health status, patient/parent satisfaction.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This paper highlights the poor outcomes for the fragmented cleft care in the United Kingdom, compared with European centers. There is an urgent need for a review of structure, organization, and training.
authors.affiliation: Unit of Orthodontics, University Dental Hospital of Manchester, England.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bearn
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mildinhall
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Murphy
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Murray
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sell
authors.forename: W C
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Shaw
authors.forename: A C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Sandy
mesh_terms: D000543:Alveoloplasty; D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D016025:Bone Transplantation; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002971:Cleft Lip / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy*; D002972:Cleft Palate / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003724:Dental Arch / Q000473:pathology; D004954:Esthetics; D005060:Europe; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D008310:Malocclusion / Q000145:classification; D008445:Maxillofacial Development / Q000502:physiology; D008485:Medical Audit; D016155:Oral Fistula / Q000145:classification; D009909:Oral Health; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D011785:Quality Assurance, Health Care; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D013515:Surgery, Oral / Q000193:education; D013518:Surgery, Plastic / Q000193:education; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D006113:United Kingdom