title: Tongue piercing and associated oral and dental complications.
abstract: The insertion of metal objects into intraoral and perioral sites is growing in popularity. However, there are numerous oral and dental complications associated with tongue piercing. Fifteen patients with tongue piercings (pierced in the body of the tongue, anterior to the lingual frenum) attending the dental office of the authors, with and without complaints, were clinically and radiographically examined. The most common dental problem registered was chipping of teeth. Furthermore, two cracked teeth and four teeth with cusp fractures were also seen. One case of selective dental abrasion was registered. Trauma to the lingual anterior gingiva was the most common gingival problem. A salivary flow stimulating effect was only reported by 2 of the 15 individuals. None of the patients complained of interference with speech, mastication and swallowing. One case of galvanic currents produced by the appliance was registered. On the basis of the registered data, we concluded that patients need to be better informed of the potential complications associated with tongue and oral piercings, and that the dental profession can serve this role.
authors.affiliation: Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontology, School of Dentistry, University Hospital, University of Gent, Gent, Belgium.
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: De Moor
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: De Witte
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: De Bruyne
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003679:Deglutition / Q000502:physiology; D004570:Electrogalvanism, Intraoral; D005881:Gingiva / Q000293:injuries; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008409:Mastication / Q000502:physiology; D010482:Periapical Abscess / Q000209:etiology; D010510:Periodontal Diseases / Q000209:etiology*; D011677:Punctures / Q000009:adverse effects; D012463:Saliva / Q000378:metabolism; D012636:Secretory Rate / Q000502:physiology; D013060:Speech / Q000502:physiology; D014059:Tongue; D014072:Tooth Abrasion / Q000209:etiology; D014082:Tooth Fractures / Q000209:etiology; D018677:Tooth Injuries / Q000209:etiology*