title: Marked difference in tumor necrosis factor-alpha expression in warm ischemia- and cold ischemia-reperfusion of the rat liver.
abstract: Although tumor necrosis factor-alpha has been implicated in liver injury after both warm ischemia- and cold ischemia-reperfusion, it is unclear whether reactivity of the liver to these stimuli is similar with regard to cytokine expression. Here we compare the effects of warm and cold ischemia on tumor necrosis factor-alpha expression and test the hypothesis that cold ischemia preceding warm ischemia causes overexpression of this cytokine. Rat livers were flushed out with University of Wisconsin solution and subjected to varying periods of warm ischemia, cold ischemia, or cold ischemia plus warm ischemia followed by reperfusion using a blood-free perfusion model. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-10 release into the perfusate and bile were measured by ELISA, and expression of these cytokines and that of c-fos, c-jun, and c-myc were studied by reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. We found high levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha in the perfusates of livers subjected to warm ischemia-reperfusion, whereas minimal or no tumor necrosis factor-alpha was detected in livers subjected to cold ischemia-reperfusion or to cold ischemia plus warm ischemia-reperfusion. Reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction confirmed the above findings and showed that immediate early genes were expressed in reperfused groups of livers. Measurements of cytokine release into bile showed that neither tumor necrosis factor-alpha nor interleukin-10 were upregulated by cold ischemia-reperfusion. The results suggest that (1) warm ischemia- and cold ischemia-reperfusion of rat liver lead to very different outcomes with regard to tumor necrosis factor-alpha expression and (2) cold ischemia preceding warm ischemia prevents upregulation of tumor necrosis factor-alpha.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Perfused Organs, Slovak Centre for Organ Transplantation, Institute of Preventive and Clinical Medicine, Limbová 14, 83301 Bratislava, Slovakia.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lutterová
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Szatmáry
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kukan
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kuba
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Vajdová
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D017931:DNA Primers / Q000235:genetics; D015870:Gene Expression; D016762:Genes, fos; D016758:Genes, jun; D016259:Genes, myc; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008099:Liver / Q000276:immunology* / Q000293:injuries*; D008297:Male; D008954:Models, Biological; D009926:Organ Preservation / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000209:etiology*; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013696:Temperature; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D017931:DNA Primers; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D016753:Interleukin-10