title: Brain imaging and the effects of caffeine and nicotine.
abstract: Caffeine and nicotine are the most common psychostimulant drugs used worldwide. Structural neuroimaging findings associated with caffeine and nicotine consumption are limited and primarily reflect the putative relationship between smoking and white matter hyperintensities (WMH), a finding that warrants further appraisal of its clinical implications. The application of newer brain imaging modalities that measure subtle haemodynamic changes or tissue-based chemistry in order to better elucidate brain functional processes, including mechanisms underlying addiction to nicotine and caffeine and the brain functional consequences, provide intriguing findings. Potential influences of caffeine and nicotine on the functional contrast, or metabolic response, to neural activation also necessitates the careful appraisal of the effects that these commonly used drugs may have on the results of functional imaging.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle 98105-6099, USA. srd@u.washington.edu
authors.forename: S R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Dager
authors.forename: S D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Friedman
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D002110:Caffeine / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology; D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D009538:Nicotine / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology; D018722:Nicotinic Agonists / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology; D014055:Tomography, Emission-Computed; D015899:Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon
chemical_list: D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants; D018722:Nicotinic Agonists; D002110:Caffeine; D009538:Nicotine