title: Sodium sensitivity related to albuminuria appearing before hypertension in type 2 diabetic patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To find whether sodium sensitivity of blood pressure appears before hypertension and whether the sensitivity is related to diabetic nephropathy, we examined type 2 diabetic patients with normal levels of serum creatinine.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 32 patients were divided into three age-matched groups: 11 patients had normoalbuminuria, 12 had microalbuminuria, and 9 had macroalbuminuria. Patients stayed on a diet with ordinary sodium levels for 1 week and a sodium-restricted diet for 1 week, in random order. Urinary excretion of sodium and albumin and systemic blood pressure were measured daily. A pressure-natriuresis curve was drawn by linkage of the two datum points obtained in the steady state during the different diets. We calculated the sodium sensitivity index as the reciprocal of the slope of this curve.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The median sodium sensitivity index and the mean blood pressure were higher in micro- and macroalbuminuric patients than in normoalbuminuric patients. Eighteen patients were without hypertension (<140/90 mmHg); of these, 10 had blood pressure readings <130/85 mmHg with ordinary sodium levels. Urinary albumin was correlated with the index but not with blood pressure. For these 10 patients, the index in those with albuminuria was higher than in those with normoalbuminuria. In such patients with albuminuria, sodium restriction decreased albuminuria and blood pressure.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In type 2 diabetic patients with albuminuria but normal levels of serum creatinine, sodium sensitivity of blood pressure appears before hypertension and is related to albuminuria; sodium restriction is one treatment for diabetic nephropath, even without hypertension.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Osaka City General Hospital, Osaka, Japan. m5178790@msic.med.osaka-cu.ac.jp
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Imanishi
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yoshioka
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Okumura
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Konishi
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Okada
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Morikawa
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fujii
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000419:Albuminuria / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000652:urine; D001794:Blood Pressure; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications* / Q000178:diet therapy / Q000503:physiopathology; D004039:Diet, Sodium-Restricted; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000652:urine*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009318:Natriuresis; D012964:Sodium / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D012964:Sodium