title: Chronic idiopathic constipation: a psychological enquiry.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Intractable idiopathic constipation in women is often associated with psychosocial problems.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine the past and current psychological factors associated with slow and normal transit constipation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-eight consecutive patients referred for biofeedback treatment were interviewed before the procedure. All were women. Transit studies revealed that 12 had slow transit constipation (STC) and 16 had normal transit constipation (NTC).
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients were assessed for evidence of previous and current psychiatric diagnoses using a standardized diagnostic interview schedule. A full family and social history was noted. Self-rating scales were used to measure psychological distress, abnormal attitudes to eating and current psychosocial functioning.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean age of the 28 patients was 38.2 years (SD = 10.8) with a mean duration of symptoms of 17.5 years (SD = 16.9). Seventeen (61%) had a current psychiatric disorder and 18 (64%) a previous episode of psychiatric illness. The mean age of the 16 NTC patients was 38.4 years (SD = 10.1) with a mean duration of symptoms of 12.4 years (SD = 15.9). By contrast, the 12 STC patients had a much longer mean duration of constipation (24.3 years; SD = 16.4), a mean age of 37.9 years (SD = 12.1), with half having an onset in childhood. The STC patients reported more psychosocial distress on the rating scales than those with NTC, and only one did not experience some form of adverse life event or gynaecological procedure in the 6 months before the onset of constipation. Eleven (39%) of the 28 women had had a hysterectomy at a mean age of 36 years, but only four (14%) reported a history of sexual abuse. Of the nine (32%) patients who reported markedly distorted attitudes to food, six had NTC and three had STC.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Of consecutive patients undergoing psychological assessment for intractable constipation, three fifths had evidence of current, and two thirds a previous, affective disorder. One third reported distorted attitudes to food. Although STC is a chronic disorder accompanied by high rates of psychological distress, it does not appear to be associated with gross functional impairment. We suggest that patients who present to surgical departments with chronic intractable constipation should routinely have a psychological assessment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychological Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dykes
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Smilgin-Humphreys
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bass
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002908:Chronic Disease; D003248:Constipation / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology*; D001068:Feeding and Eating Disorders / Q000150:complications; D005260:Female; D005772:Gastrointestinal Transit; D006801:Humans; D007044:Hysterectomy; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000150:complications*