title: Different patterns of atrial activation in idiopathic atrial fibrillation: simultaneous multisite atrial mapping in patients with paroxysmal and chronic atrial fibrillation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We aimed to evaluate: 1) the behavior of electrical activity simultaneously in different atrial regions during atrial fibrillation (AF); 2) the difference of atrial activation between paroxysmal and chronic AF; 3) the atrial refractoriness dispersion; and 4) the correlation between the effective refractory periods (ERPs) and the FF intervals.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Little data exist on the electrophysiologic characteristics of the different atrial regions in patients with AF. A more detailed knowledge of the electrical activity during AF may provide further insights to improve treatment of AF.
  
  
  METHODS
  Right and left atria were extensively mapped in 30 patients with idiopathic AF (18 paroxysmal and 12 chronic). In different atrial locations, we analyzed 1) the FF interval duration; and 2) the grade of organization and, in case of organized electrical activity, the direction of atrial activation. Furthermore, in patients with paroxysmal AF, we determined the atrial ERP, evaluated the ERP dispersion and assessed the presence of a correlation between the ERPs and the FF intervals.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In patients with chronic AF, we observed a shortening of the FF intervals and a greater prevalence of disorganized activity in all the atrial sites examined. In patients with paroxysmal AF, a significant dispersion of refractoriness was observed. The right lateral wall showed longer FF intervals and more organized atrial activity and, unexpectedly, the shortest mean ERPs. In contrast, the septal area showed shorter FF intervals, greater disorganization and the longest mean ERPs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Electrical activity during AF showed a significant spatial inhomogeneity, which was more evident in patients with paroxysmal AF. The mean FF intervals did not correlate with the mean ERPs.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Civil Hospital, Asti, Italy. cardclin@provincia.asti.it
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Gaita
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Calò
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Riccardi
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Garberoglio
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Scaglione
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Licciardello
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Coda
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Di Donna
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bocchiardo
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Caponi
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Antolini
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Orzan
authors.forename: G P
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Trevi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001281:Atrial Fibrillation / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology*; D018780:Body Surface Potential Mapping / Q000295:instrumentation*; D002908:Chronic Disease; D004562:Electrocardiography / Q000295:instrumentation*; D005260:Female; D006325:Heart Atria / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006346:Heart Septum / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D013614:Tachycardia, Paroxysmal / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology*