Is obesity a favorable prognostic factor in peritoneal dialysis patients?
OBJECTIVE
To determine the influence of an elevated body mass index (BMI) on cardiovascular outcomes and survival in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients.


METHODS
Prospective, observational study of a prevalent PD cohort at a single center.


METHODS
Tertiary care institutional dialysis center.


METHODS
The study included all patients with a BMI of at least 20 who had been receiving PD for at least 1 month as of 31 January 1996 (n = 43). Patients were classified as overweight [BMI > 27.5; mean +/- standard error of mean (SEM): 32.1 +/- 1.1; n = 14] or normal weight (BMI 20-27.5; mean +/- SEM: 23.8 +/- 0.4; n = 29).


METHODS
Patient survival and adverse cardiovascular events (myocardial infarction, congestive cardiac failure, cerebrovascular accident, and symptomatic peripheral vascular disease) were recorded over a 3-year period.


RESULTS
At baseline, no significant differences were seen between the groups in clinical, biochemical, nutritional, or echocardiographic parameters, except for a lower dietary protein intake (0.97 +/- 0.10 g/kg/day vs 1.44 +/- 0.10 g/kg/day, p = 0.004) and a higher proportion of well-nourished patients by subjective global assessment (100% vs 72%, p < 0.05) in the overweight group. After 3 years of follow-up, 29% of overweight patients and 69% of normal-weight patients had died (p < 0.05). Using a Cox proportional hazards model, a BMI greater than 27.5 was shown to be an independent positive predictor of patient survival, with an adjusted hazard ratio (HR) of 0.09 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.01-0.85; p < 0.05]. However, being overweight did not significantly influence myocardial infarction-free survival (adjusted HR: 0.33; 95% CI: 0.07-1.48; p = 0.15) or combined adverse cardiovascular event-free survival (adjusted HR: 0.67; 95% CI: 0.23-1.93; p = 0.46).


CONCLUSIONS
Obesity conferred a significant survival advantage in our PD population. Obese patients should therefore not be discouraged from receiving PD purely on the basis of BMI. Moreover, maintaining a higher-than-average BMI to preserve "nutritional reserve" may help to reduce the mortality and morbidity rates associated with PD.
Johnson
D W
DW
Department of Renal Medicine, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. johnsond@health.qld.gov.au
Herzig
K A
KA
Purdie
D M
DM
Chang
W
W
Brown
A M
AM
Rigby
R J
RJ
Campbell
S B
SB
Nicol
D L
DL
Hawley
C M
CM
D000368:Aged; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000150:complications / Q000401:mortality* / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications*; D010530:Peritoneal Dialysis; D011379:Prognosis; D015996:Survival Rate