title: Histopathologic validation of in-vivo angioscopic observation of coronary thrombus after angioplasty in a porcine model.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Coronary angioscopy has been reported to be superior to angiography and intravascular ultrasound for detecting intracoronary thrombus. However, in-vivo histopathologic validation of angioscopic detection of intracoronary thrombus had not been performed.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To perform histopathologic validation of in-vivo angioscopic detection of coronary thrombus.
  
  
  METHODS
  An experimental, blinded comparison of angioscopy and histopathology.
  
  
  METHODS
  Coronary angioscopy was performed from 0 to 14 days after angioplasty in 39 porcine coronary arteries. When thrombus was detected by angioscopy, it was subclassified into white, mixed red-white, or red thrombus according to color. By histopathology the presence of thrombus was determined and subclassified into platelet-rich, mixed platelet-erythrocyte, or erythrocyte-rich thrombus.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Angioscopy correctly classified 19 of 21 coronary thrombi (sensitivity 90%) but incorrectly classified nine of 18 arteries without formation of thrombus as having a thrombus (specificity 50%). Positive and negative predictive values were 68 and 82%, respectively. The angioscopic subclassification of thrombus into white, mixed red-white, or red thrombi was not correlated to the corresponding histopathologic morphology (platelet-rich, mixed platelet-erythrocyte, or erythrocyte-rich) of the observed thrombi (chi2 test: P = 0.5).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Angioscopic detection of thrombus in vivo had high sensitivity and negative predictive value but low-to-moderate specificity and positive predictive value. Visual assessment of color of angioscopically detected thrombi seemed not to reflect histopathologic morphology of thrombus according to the definitions used in the present study.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Skejby University Hospital, and Institute of Experimental Clinical Research, Arhus University, Denmark.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Maeng
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: den Heijer
authors.forename: P G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Olesen
authors.forename: N C
authors.initials: NC
authors.lastname: Emmertsen
authors.forename: T T
authors.initials: TT
authors.lastname: Nielsen
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Falk
authors.forename: H R
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Andersen
mesh_terms: D000800:Angioplasty, Balloon; D017546:Angioscopy; D000818:Animals; D003328:Coronary Thrombosis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013552:Swine