title: Preclinical evaluation of locoregional delivery of radiolabeled iododeoxyuridine and thymidylate synthase inhibitor in a hepatoma model.
abstract: We report improved incorporation of the radiolabeled-thymidine analog [125I/131I]5-iodo-2'-deoxyuridine ([125I/131I]IdUrd) into DNA by the addition of Thymitaq, a thymidylate synthase inhibitor, as a strategy of molecular radiotherapy for hepatoma treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  The synergistic effect of combination [125I]IdUrd and Thymitaq in clonogenic survival and DNA incorporation was shown on the human hepatoma cell line Hep3B. Radiobiodistribution of intrahepatic arterially injected [125I]IdUrd and Thymitaq was studied in a rat N1S1 hepatoma model. In vivo therapeutic effects of locoregional delivery of both drugs were evaluated in mouse subcutaneous hepatoma and ascitic hepatoma models.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In a clonogenic assay, Thymitaq showed a synergistic effect with [125I]IdUrd but not cold IdUrd. Thymitaq had a dose-dependent modulation effect on DNA-[125I]IdUrd incorporation. The biodistribution study indicated a slower clearance rate of [125I]IdUdR in the hepatoma as well as an initially higher uptake of [125I]IdUrd into DNA when the [125I]IdUrd was combined with Thymitaq. In vivo studies showed a superior therapeutic effect of combination Thymitaq and [125I]IdUrd in both subcutaneous and ascites tumor models, but the combination of [131I]IdUrd and [125I]IdUrd may be more effective than Auger electron emitters alone for the treatment of subcutaneous tumor.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The strategy of locoregional delivery of [125I/131I]IdUrd to a tumor site through an intrahepatic arterial, intratumoral, or intraperitoneal route in combination with Thymitaq is promising and may also have a favorable therapeutic index in vivo.
authors.affiliation: Cancer Center and Department of Nuclear Medicine, Veterans General Hospital, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China.
authors.forename: K H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Chi
authors.forename: H E
authors.initials: HE
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: F D
authors.initials: FD
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chao
authors.forename: R S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Chou
authors.forename: Y S
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: S H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Yen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm / Q000378:metabolism; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004341:Drug Evaluation; D004357:Drug Synergism; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007065:Idoxuridine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007457:Iodine Radioisotopes / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008114:Liver Neoplasms, Experimental / Q000378:metabolism / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008809:Mice, Inbred C3H; D009368:Neoplasm Transplantation; D011799:Quinazolines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013940:Thymidylate Synthase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D004273:DNA, Neoplasm; D007457:Iodine Radioisotopes; D011799:Quinazolines; D013940:Thymidylate Synthase; C099178:nolatrexed; D007065:Idoxuridine