Antenatal syphilis in sub-Saharan Africa: missed opportunities for mortality reduction.
OBJECTIVE
Between 4-15% of pregnant women are believed to be infected with syphilis in sub-Saharan Africa. Active infection with syphilis in pregnant women results in foetal or infant death or disability for 50-80% of affected pregnancies, and is a major cause of adult morbidity as well. Antenatal syphilis screening is cheap and effective; however, it is often poorly implemented in countries with high syphilis risk. This study sought to estimate the missed opportunities for antenatal syphilis screening in sub-Saharan Africa.


METHODS
Survey data were collected from 22 ministries of health in sub-Saharan Africa, complemented by data from published sources and key informants. Informants described their country's policies and experience with antenatal syphilis screening and estimated their national syphilis screening rates.


RESULTS
Seventy-three percent of women are reported by WHO to receive antenatal care in the study countries. Of women in antenatal care, 38% were estimated by survey respondents to be screened for syphilis. Costs and the organization of services were the principal reported obstacles to screening. With syphilis seroprevalence estimated at 8.3%, approximately 1 640 000 pregnant women with syphilis are undetected annually, including 1 030 000 women who attend antenatal care.


CONCLUSIONS
Syphilis testing and treatment is a cost-effective intervention that deserves much greater attention, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa and other countries where syphilis infection is high.
Department of Health Services, Box 357660, University of Washington School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
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Gloyd
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Chai
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Mercer
D017954:Africa South of the Sahara / Q000453:epidemiology; D003906:Developing Countries; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007226:Infant Mortality; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D018445:Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008403:Mass Screening; D008428:Maternal Mortality; D011247:Pregnancy; D011251:Pregnancy Complications, Infectious / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000401:mortality; D013587:Syphilis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000401:mortality / Q000517:prevention & control; D013588:Syphilis Serodiagnosis / Q000191:economics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*