Activation of toll-like receptors by microbial lipoproteins.
In Drosophila, the Toll family of proteins are central to innate defense against microbial pathogens. Conserved throughout evolution, mammalian Toll-like receptors (TLRs) participate in innate immunity. TLRs mediate activation by microbial ligands including lipoproteins, resulting in the activation of IL-12 and nitric oxide synthase. Microbial lipoproteins also induce host cell apoptosis. In this manner, the ability of microbial lipoproteins to activate TLRs can contribute to host defense and immunopathology during infection.
Sieling
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PA
Department of Medicine, Molecular Biology Institute, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA.
Modlin
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RL
D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D001419:Bacteria / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D029721:Drosophila Proteins; D006801:Humans; D007109:Immunity / Q000276:immunology*; D018664:Interleukin-12 / Q000378:metabolism; D008024:Ligands; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D008074:Lipoproteins; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000502:physiology*; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000378:metabolism; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000502:physiology*; D015398:Signal Transduction; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors
D029721:Drosophila Proteins; D008024:Ligands; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D008074:Lipoproteins; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors; D018664:Interleukin-12; C496319:NOS2 protein, human; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II