Tyrosine phosphorylation-dependent activation of NF-kappa B. Requirement for p56 LCK and ZAP-70 protein tyrosine kinases.
Phosphorylation of the N-terminal domain of I kappa B inhibitory subunits induces activation of the transcription factor NF-kappa B. Although serine phosphorylation has been shown to induce ubiquitination and subsequent proteasome-mediated degradation of I kappa B-alpha, little is known about the mechanisms that lead to release of active NF-kappa B in T cells as a consequence of tyrosine phosphorylation of I kappa B-alpha [Imbert, V., Rupec, R.A., Livolsi, A., Pahl, H.L., Traenckner, B.M., Mueller-Dieckmann, C., Farahifar, D., Rossi, B., Auberger, P., Baeuerle, P. & Peyron, J.F. (1996) Cell 86, 787--798]. The involvement of the tyrosine kinases p56(lck) and ZAP-70 in this reaction is demonstrated here using specific pharmacological inhibitors and Jurkat mutants unable to express these kinases. Although the inhibitors prevented both pervanadate-induced phosphorylation of I kappa B-alpha on Tyr42 and NF-kappa B activation, we observed that, in p56(lck)-deficient Jurkat mutants, NF-kappa B could still associate with I kappa B-alpha despite phosphorylation on Tyr42. Furthermore, the SH2 domain of p56(lck) appeared to be required for pervanadate-induced NF-kappa B activation but not for Tyr42 phosphorylation. These results show that p56(lck) and ZAP-70 are key components of the signaling pathway that leads to phosphotyrosine-dependent NF-kappa B activation in T cells and confirm that tyrosine kinases must control at least two different steps to induce activation of NF-kappa B. Finally, we show that H(2)O(2), which stimulates p56(lck) and ZAP-70 in T cells, is an activator of NF-kappa B through tyrosine phosphorylation of I kappa B-alpha.
Livolsi
A
A
INSERM U526, Hematopoietic Cell Activation, Faculté de Médecine, Pasteur, Nice, France.
Busuttil
V
V
Imbert
V
V
Abraham
R T
RT
Peyron
J F
JF
D004247:DNA / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000494:pharmacology; D020672:I-kappa B Proteins; D019169:Jurkat Cells; D019860:Lymphocyte Specific Protein Tyrosine Kinase p56(lck) / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D009154:Mutation / Q000235:genetics; D000072000:NF-KappaB Inhibitor alpha; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism*; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000187:drug effects; D019000:Phosphotyrosine / Q000378:metabolism*; D011485:Protein Binding / Q000187:drug effects; D017027:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D011720:Pyrazoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D011743:Pyrimidines / Q000494:pharmacology; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D013267:Stilbenes / Q000494:pharmacology; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism; D015533:Transcriptional Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D014638:Vanadates / Q000494:pharmacology; D051746:ZAP-70 Protein-Tyrosine Kinase; D018909:src Homology Domains
C108123:4-amino-5-(4-methylphenyl)-7-(tert-butyl)pyrazolo(3,4-d)pyrimidine; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D020672:I-kappa B Proteins; D016328:NF-kappa B; C000606204:NFKBIA protein, human; D011720:Pyrazoles; D011743:Pyrimidines; D013267:Stilbenes; C076715:pervanadate; D000072000:NF-KappaB Inhibitor alpha; D019000:Phosphotyrosine; D014638:Vanadates; C041525:3,3',4,5'-tetrahydroxystilbene; D004247:DNA; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; D019860:Lymphocyte Specific Protein Tyrosine Kinase p56(lck); D051746:ZAP-70 Protein-Tyrosine Kinase; C497261:ZAP70 protein, human; D017027:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases