[Piercing and its infectious complications. A public health issue in France].
CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES: Piercing, an act that modifies  the body, has progressed considerably in France over the last few years. The population involved has grown and become more diversified. Performed with a solid needle or a catheter, a wide variety of anatomic localizations are concerned, particularly the nose, ears, and navel. The shape of the "rings", generally made of surgical steel, niobium or titanium, varies greatly. Wound healing by epithelialisation can take up to several months. INFECTIOUS RISK: Between 10% and 20% of all piercings lead to a local infection. The most commonly found causal agests are Staphylococcus aureus, group A Streptococcus and Pseudomonas sp. These germs can cause severe life-threatening complications even in common localizations (earlobe). Viral transmission is another risk (hepatitis B, hepatitis C, hepatitis delta, HIV). A few cases of fatal fulminant hepatitis have been described immediately after piercing. SAFETY MEASURES: Generally performed under less than desirable sanitary conditions, safety measures are needed for piercing. Among professional "piercers", a certain number have emphasized the need for providing their clients with safer services. The prevention of infection risk should be a priority for all. Work along this line has been done in the United States and Canada. In light of the impact on public health, it is important to rapidly develop guidelines and regulations for piercing in France. Both professional piercers and health care workers should participate in developing these safety measures in order to assure their implementation.
Guiard-Schmid
J B
JB
Service des Maladies infectieuses et tropicales, Hôpital Rothschild, 33, boulevard de Picpus, F75571 Paris.
Picard
H
H
Slama
L
L
Maslo
C
C
Amiel
C
C
Pialoux
G
G
Lebrette
M G
MG
Rozenbaum
W
W
D003357:Cosmetic Techniques / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000592:standards / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005602:France / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D017053:Infection Control / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence / Q000379:methods; D015980:Public Health Practice / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence; D011677:Punctures / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000592:standards / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012307:Risk Factors; D012449:Safety / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence; D014946:Wound Infection / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control