Viral capsid mobility: a dynamic conduit for inactivation.
Mass spectrometry and fluorescent probes have provided direct evidence that alkylating agents permeate the protein capsid of naked viruses and chemically inactivate the nucleic acid. N-acetyl-aziridine and a fluorescent alkylating agent, dansyl sulfonate aziridine, inactivated three different viruses, flock house virus, human rhinovirus-14, and foot and mouth disease virus. Mass spectral studies as well as fluorescent probes showed that alkylation of the genome was the mechanism of inactivation. Because particle integrity was not affected by selective alkylation (as shown by electron microscopy and sucrose gradient experiments), it was reasoned that the dynamic nature of the viral capsid acts as a conduit to the interior of the particle. Potential applications include fluorescent labeling for imaging viral genomes in living cells, the sterilization of blood products, vaccine development, and viral inactivation in vivo.
The Scripps Research Institute, Center for Mass Spectrometry and Department of Molecular Biology, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
K
K
Broo
J
J
Wei
D
D
Marshall
F
F
Brown
T J
TJ
Smith
J E
JE
Johnson
A
A
Schneemann
G
G
Siuzdak
D000818:Animals; D005537:Aphthovirus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D001388:Aziridines / Q000494:pharmacology; D002213:Capsid / Q000737:chemistry / Q000502:physiology*; D004331:Drosophila melanogaster; D008466:Mechlorethamine / Q000494:pharmacology; D012328:RNA Viruses / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D012229:Rhinovirus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D021241:Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization / Q000379:methods
D001388:Aziridines; D008466:Mechlorethamine