A milk protein lactoferrin enhances human T cell leukemia virus type I and suppresses HIV-1 infection.
Human T cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV-I) and HIV-1, causative agents of adult T cell leukemia/lymphoma and AIDS, respectively, are transmitted vertically via breast milk. Here we demonstrate that lactoferrin, a milk protein that has a variety of antimicrobial and immunomodulatory activities, facilitates replication of HTLV-I in lymphocytes derived from asymptomatic HTLV-I carriers and transmission to cord blood lymphocytes in vitro. Transient expression assays revealed that lactoferrin can transactivate HTLV-I long terminal repeat promoter. In contrast, lactoferrin inhibits HIV-1 replication, at least in part, at the level of viral fusion/entry. These results suggest that lactoferrin may have different effects on vertical transmission of the two milk-borne retroviruses.
Division of Medical Virology, Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Japan.
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D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000502:physiology*; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000502:physiology*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D018920:Coculture Techniques; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000821:virology; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000276:immunology* / Q000472:pathogenicity; D015368:Human T-lymphotropic virus 1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D006801:Humans; D018445:Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical / Q000517:prevention & control; D007781:Lactoferrin / Q000502:physiology*; D008561:Membrane Fusion / Q000276:immunology; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000276:immunology; D012192:Retroviridae Infections / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control; D020079:Terminal Repeat Sequences / Q000276:immunology; D015534:Trans-Activators / Q000502:physiology; D014779:Virus Replication / Q000276:immunology
D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D000998:Antiviral Agents; D015534:Trans-Activators; D007781:Lactoferrin