The association of upper airway resistance with periodic limb movements.
OBJECTIVE
We hypothesized that the upper airway resistance syndrome (UARS), the component event being a respiratory effort related arousal (RERA), and periodic limb movements in sleep (PLMS), the component event being repetitive, stereotyped extremity movements occurring in a periodic fashion, were associated in certain patients.


METHODS
Invasive polysomnography using Pes and full facemask pneumotachography was used to identify RERA's in patients. Periodic limb movements (PLM) were scored according to standard criteria and as associated with RERA if the movement occurred between the Pes nadir and the onset of the arousal.


METHODS
A university hospital Sleep Disorders Laboratory.


METHODS
Patients consecutively diagnosed with PLMS in our sleep disorders laboratory over a 1 year period.


METHODS
None.


RESULTS
Fourteen of twenty patients demonstrated UARS in addition to PLMS (70%). In those 14, 63% of RERAs were associated with a PLM (mean = 51.7 + 36.2 PLM/RERAs per study vs 5.6 + 6.3 PLM/RERAs per study if the association were random). Patients with UARS had more arousals with their PLMs (P = 0.0006).


CONCLUSIONS
An association exists between PLMS and UARS on both a group level and an event level. A high percentage of PLM with arousals correlated with breathing events due to increased effort in UARS; this may be of clinical utility in the management of PLMS patients.
Exar
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Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, USA.
Collop
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D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001143:Arousal / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015508:Nasal Obstruction / Q000150:complications*; D020189:Nocturnal Myoclonus Syndrome / Q000150:complications*; D017286:Polysomnography; D012890:Sleep / Q000502:physiology*