Effect anticipation and action control.
According to the authors' 2-phase model of action control, people first incidentally acquire bidirectional associations between motor patterns and movement-contingent events and then intentionally use these associations for goal-directed action. The authors tested the model in 4 experiments, each comprising an acquisition phase, in which participants experienced co-occurrences between left and right keypresses and low- and high-pitched tones, and a test phase, in which the tones preceded the responses in forced- and free-choice designs. Both reaction time and response frequency in the test phase depended on the learned associations, indicating that presenting a tone activated the associated response. Results are interpreted as evidence for automatic action-outcome integration and automatic response priming through learned action effects. These processes may be basic for the control of voluntary action by the anticipation of action goals.
Elsner
B
B
Department of Cognition and Action, Max-Planck-Institute for Psychological Research, Munich, Germany. elsner@mpipf-muenchen.mpg.de
Hommel
B
B
D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007858:Learning; D008297:Male; D010465:Perception; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000502:physiology*; D013997:Time Factors