Safety of indocyanine green angiography during pregnancy: a survey of the retina, macula, and vitreous societies.
OBJECTIVE
To establish current practice patterns and assess the general knowledge among vitreoretinal-trained physicians regarding the use of indocyanine green (ICG) angiography during pregnancy, and to review the literature regarding the established safety of ICG angiography in pregnant women.


METHODS
A survey was mailed to 1101 members of the Retina, Macula, and Vitreous Societies.


RESULTS
Of the 520 respondents, 434 (83%) had seen at least 1 pregnant woman who required ICG angiography or fluorescein angiography. Of these, 385 (89%) withheld fluorescein angiography and 105 (24%) withheld ICG angiography, largely because of fear of teratogenicity or lawsuit. Diabetic retinopathy and choroidal neovascular membrane were the most common indications for fluorescein angiography, and choroidal neovascular membrane and choroidal tumor were the most common indications for ICG angiography. Only 24% thought that it was safe to use ICG angiography in a pregnant patient, and only 5% thought it was safer than fluorescein angiography.


CONCLUSIONS
Despite the documented safety of ICG when used for retinal angiography and the extensive experience with the use of intravenous ICG to measure hepatic blood flow in pregnant women, the results of this survey suggest widespread hesitation to use ICG for retinal angiography in pregnant women. Current practice patterns regarding the use of ICG angiography in pregnant patients may be unnecessarily restrictive.
Fineman
M S
MS
Retina Vitreous Consultants, 3501 Forbes Ave, Suite 500, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
Maguire
J I
JI
Fineman
S W
SW
Benson
W E
WE
D020256:Choroidal Neovascularization / Q000175:diagnosis*; D003930:Diabetic Retinopathy / Q000175:diagnosis*; D005260:Female; D005451:Fluorescein Angiography; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D007208:Indocyanine Green; D009885:Ophthalmology; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians' / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000175:diagnosis*; D012449:Safety; D012955:Societies, Medical; D014481:United States
D007208:Indocyanine Green