Cyclophosphamide, adriamycin and dexamethasone (CAD) is a highly effective therapy for patients with advanced multiple myeloma.
BACKGROUND
Patients with advanced multiple myeloma (stage III or progressive myeloma) received the CAD protocol every three weeks: cyclophosphamide 200 mg/m2 i.v./orally days 1-4, adriamycin 30 mg/m2 i.v. on day 1 and dexamethasone 40 mg p.o. days 1-4.


METHODS
Forty-six patients with a median age of sixty years (range 34-84 years) were enrolled. According to Durie-Salmon 44 patients were in stage III, 2 in stage II; 6 patients had renal insufficiency (stage B). Twenty-three patients were pre-treated at least with melphalane/prednisone.


RESULTS
Remission rates were as follows: complete remission 4%, partial remission 70%, minimal change 11%, no change 11%, progressive disease 4%. After an observation time of 14 months the median progression free interval for 33 patients not treated with subsequent high-dose chemotherapy with stem-cell support was more than 14 months. Overall, treatment was well tolerated. After 209 cycles given febrile neutropenia occurred in 11% of cycles including one fatal outcome. Neutropenia or thrombocytopenia grade 3-4 WHO was recorded in 18% and 6% of the cycles, respectively.


CONCLUSIONS
This study shows that CAD is an effective regimen with an overall remission rate of 74%. The CAD protocol should be further evaluated in prospective trials.
Szelényi
H
H
Universitätsklinikum Benjamin Franklin, Medizinische Klinik III, Freie Universität Berlin, Germany.
Kreuser
E D
ED
Keilholz
U
U
Menssen
H D
HD
Keitel-Wittig
C
C
Siehl
J
J
Knauf
W
W
Thiel
E
E
D000284:Administration, Oral; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003520:Cyclophosphamide / Q000008:administration & dosage; D003907:Dexamethasone / Q000008:administration & dosage; D018450:Disease Progression; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D004317:Doxorubicin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009101:Multiple Myeloma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D009503:Neutropenia / Q000139:chemically induced; D013921:Thrombocytopenia / Q000139:chemically induced; D016896:Treatment Outcome
D003907:Dexamethasone; D004317:Doxorubicin; D003520:Cyclophosphamide