Educational status and dietary fat and anti-oxidant intake in urban subjects.
To assess correlation of dietary atherogenic and anti-atherogenic factors with socio-economic status (SES) we performed nutritional survey among 182 (122 men, 60 women) randomly selected individuals using 24 hour diet recall and a food-frequency questionnaire. SES was assessed by educational level which strongly correlated with occupational class (r = 0.55) and income levels (r = 0.88). There was significant (p < 0.05) positive correlation (r values) of educational level with intake of calories (0.55), proteins (0.19), fat (0.45), fat derived energy (en%) (0.14), saturated fat en% (0.45), linoleic acid (0.17), vitamin A (0.14), vitamin C (0.16), vitamin E (0.44), fruits and vegetables (0.34) and fibre (0.24) and negative correlation with intake of linolenic acid (-0.35), monounsaturated fat (MUFA) en% (-0.15), polyunsaturated fat (PUFA)/saturated fat (SFA) (-0.33) and MUFA/SFA (-0.42). In persons of highest educational level (> 15 years education) vs illiterates, the daily intake of SFA (29.1 +/- 15 vs 7.8 +/- 6), SFA en% (13.2 +/- 5 vs 6.7 +/- 4), linoleic acid en% (5.4 +/- 3 vs 3.9 +/- 2) and n6/n3 (24.0 +/- 58 vs 4.5 +/- 5) was more and intake of linolenic acid en% (0.7 +/- 1 vs 1.6 +/- 1), MUFA en% (8.6 +/- 7 vs 15.6 +/- 9), PUFA/SFA (0.6 +/- 1 vs 1.0 +/- 1) and MUFA/SFA (0.7 +/- 1 vs 4.0 +/- 5) was less. Intake of antioxidant vitamins A, C and E and fruits and vegetables was significantly more in better educated.
Singhal
S
S
Department of Home Science (Nutrition), University of Rajasthan, Jaipur.
Gupta
P
P
Mathur
B
B
Banda
S
S
Dandia
R
R
Gupta
R
R
D000328:Adult; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D015992:Body Mass Index; D003201:Computers; D004034:Diet Surveys; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004522:Educational Status; D002149:Energy Intake; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007182:Income; D007194:India; D008297:Male; D011939:Mental Recall; D008875:Middle Aged; D012923:Social Class; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014505:Urban Population
D000975:Antioxidants; D004041:Dietary Fats