Nerve and muscle disorders and their sequelae.
A number of diseases of the nervous system, especially upper neuron lesions, produce ankle and foot deformities. Such deformities can be the single most important reason why some patients become nonambulatory. This article reviews the impact of upper motor neuron lesions such as traumatic brain injury, stroke, multiple sclerosis, neurodegenerative disorders, and low motor neuron lesions such as peripheral nerve injury, neuropathy, entrapment syndromes, and muscle diseases. This article also reviews diagnostic tests including EMG and nonsurgical management.
Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA.
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Varghese
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JB
Redford
D000842:Ankle; D003286:Contracture / Q000209:etiology; D004576:Electromyography / Q000379:methods; D005530:Foot Deformities / Q000209:etiology* / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D016472:Motor Neuron Disease / Q000150:complications*; D009468:Neuromuscular Diseases / Q000150:complications* / Q000628:therapy; D026741:Physical Therapy Modalities; D012019:Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy