Cannabinoidergic and opioidergic inhibition of spinal reflexes in the decerebrated, spinalized rabbit.
The present experiments were designed to investigate the role(s) of cannabinoid receptors in modulating transmission in the sural-medial gastrocnemius withdrawal reflex of the decerebrated, spinalized rabbit and how, if present, cannabinoid-mediated control might interact with opioid-mediated inhibitions known to impinge on this reflex pathway. The selective CB(1) receptor antagonist SR 141716A enhanced reflexes by a factor of two after a cumulative dose of 100 nmol kg(-1) i.v., but had no effect on the endogenous opioid-mediated inhibition generated by repetitive electrical stimulation of the common peroneal nerve, or on the suppression of reflexes caused by i.v. administration of the synthetic opioid fentanyl. Given at a dose of 10 nmol kg(-1) i.v., the potent, CB(1)--CB(2) cannabinoid receptor agonist HU 210 inhibited medial gastrocnemius reflexes to approximately 30% of controls and significantly decreased both heart rate and blood pressure, but did not alter the inhibition of reflexes resulting from common peroneal nerve stimulation or i.v. fentanyl. The effects of HU 210 were reversed by SR 141716A. HU 210 was just as effective in inhibiting reflexes in the presence of the opioid antagonist naloxone (5 micromol kg(-1)) as it was in untreated animals. The data show that cannabinoids, acting through CB(1) receptors, are inhibitory in rabbit spinal cord and that there appears to be some endogenous cannabinoid tone under the conditions of the present experiments. The evidence of this study is that the inhibitory effects of opioids and cannabinoids in rabbit spinal cord are completely independent of each other, and are additive rather than synergistic.
Division of Animal Physiology, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough LE12 5RD, UK. robert.clarke@nottingham.ac.uk
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Clarke
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Harris
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Jenkins
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Witton
D000818:Animals; D003655:Decerebrate State; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D013759:Dronabinol / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D005283:Fentanyl / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D009270:Naloxone / Q000494:pharmacology; D009292:Narcotic Antagonists; D010880:Piperidines / Q000494:pharmacology; D011720:Pyrazoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D011817:Rabbits; D043882:Receptors, Cannabinoid; D011955:Receptors, Drug / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D012018:Reflex / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D000077285:Rimonabant; D013116:Spinal Cord / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D013119:Spinal Cord Injuries / Q000503:physiopathology
D009292:Narcotic Antagonists; D010880:Piperidines; D011720:Pyrazoles; D043882:Receptors, Cannabinoid; D011955:Receptors, Drug; D009270:Naloxone; D013759:Dronabinol; C062018:HU 211; D000077285:Rimonabant; D005283:Fentanyl