Prenatal nicotine alters vigilance states and AchR gene expression in the neonatal rat: implications for SIDS.
Maternal smoking is a major risk factor for sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). The mechanisms by which cigarette smoke predisposes infants to SIDS are not known. We examined the effects of prenatal nicotine exposure on sleep/wake ontogenesis and central cholinergic receptor gene expression in the neonatal rat. Prenatal nicotine exposure transiently increased sleep continuity and accelerated sleep/wake ontogeny in the neonatal rat. Prenatal nicotine also upregulated nicotinic and muscarinic cholinergic receptor mRNAs in brain regions involved in regulating vigilance states. These findings suggest that the nicotine contained in cigarette smoke may predispose human infants to SIDS by interfering with the normal maturation of sleep and wake.
Department of Physiology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA. mgf@phy.ucsf.edu
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MG
Frank
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Srere
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Ledezma
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O'Hara
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Heller
D000293:Adolescent; D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D001143:Arousal / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004569:Electroencephalography / Q000187:drug effects; D004576:Electromyography / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D009538:Nicotine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; D021122:Protein Subunits; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D011950:Receptors, Cholinergic / Q000235:genetics*; D011976:Receptors, Muscarinic / Q000235:genetics; D011978:Receptors, Nicotinic / Q000235:genetics; D012307:Risk Factors; D012890:Sleep / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D012895:Sleep, REM / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects; D013398:Sudden Infant Death; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D014851:Wakefulness / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology
D021122:Protein Subunits; D011950:Receptors, Cholinergic; D011976:Receptors, Muscarinic; D011978:Receptors, Nicotinic; D009538:Nicotine