Cloning and characterization of the murine beta(3) integrin gene promoter: identification of an interleukin-4 responsive element and regulation by STAT-6.
Expression of the alpha(v)beta(3) integrin by murine bone marrow macrophages is regulated by cytokines such as IL-4 and GM-CSF through transcriptional activation of the beta(3) subunit gene. To characterize the molecular mechanisms by which such regulation occurs, we isolated the murine beta(3) integrin promoter. To this end, we first cloned a full length beta(3) cDNA and used the 5'UTR and leader peptide coding sequence to identify genomic clones containing the beta(3) promoter region. The transcriptional start site, identified by primer extension and S1 nuclease assay, is 34 nt upstream of the translation initiation codon. A 1.1 kb fragment of the promoter region drives IL-4 responsive transcription in transiently transfected murine bone marrow macrophages. Deletion analysis of the beta(3) promoter indicates the IL-4 responsive element lies between -465 to -678 nt relative to the transcriptional start site. This promoter fragment contains two overlapping STAT consensus recognition sites and nuclear extracts from BMMs contain an IL-4-inducible DNA binding factor, identified by super shift analysis, as STAT-6. Furthermore, an oligonucleotide which includes the two STAT recognition sites residing in the IL-4 responsive region of the beta(3) promoter, competes for STAT-6 binding. Confirming IL-4 induction of the integrin subunit is specifically mediated by STAT-6, beta(3) mRNA is not enhanced in BMMs derived from STAT-6 deleted mice, which however, retain their capacity to respond to GM-CSF.
Department of Pathology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA.
K P
KP
McHugh
S
S
Kitazawa
S L
SL
Teitelbaum
F P
FP
Ross
D020121:5' Untranslated Regions; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000235:genetics*; D001483:Base Sequence; D001854:Bone Marrow Cells / Q000378:metabolism; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000378:metabolism; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D018076:DNA, Complementary / Q000378:metabolism; D005269:Femur / Q000378:metabolism; D017353:Gene Deletion; D015723:Gene Library; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000378:metabolism; D039661:Integrin beta3; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000378:metabolism*; D008264:Macrophages / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008809:Mice, Inbred C3H; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008957:Models, Genetic; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010980:Platelet Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000235:genetics*; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D020218:Response Elements; D050800:STAT6 Transcription Factor; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D012689:Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid; D015719:Single-Strand Specific DNA and RNA Endonucleases / Q000378:metabolism; D013977:Tibia / Q000378:metabolism; D015534:Trans-Activators / Q000378:metabolism*; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D015533:Transcriptional Activation; D014162:Transfection; D015854:Up-Regulation
D020121:5' Untranslated Regions; D015703:Antigens, CD; D018076:DNA, Complementary; D039661:Integrin beta3; D010980:Platelet Membrane Glycoproteins; D050800:STAT6 Transcription Factor; C494100:Stat6 protein, mouse; D015534:Trans-Activators; D015847:Interleukin-4; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor; D015719:Single-Strand Specific DNA and RNA Endonucleases