Pregnancy in systemic lupus erythematosus.
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease that predominantly affects women of reproductive age. Pregnancy and its outcome is a major concern to most SLE patients. Queries regarding the risk of disease flares during pregnancy, chance of fetal loss, and the safety of various drugs are often raised. With the improvement in the understanding of the pathogenesis of SLE and the judicious use of immunosuppressive drugs, better disease control can now be achieved and SLE patients should not be deprived of the opportunity for bearing children. Prepregnancy counselling and close collaboration with other specialists such as the obstetricians and the perinatologists is essential in optimising the maternal and fetal outcome in lupus pregnancies. In this review, important issues regarding the fertility rate, optimal timing of conception, risk of disease flares during lupus pregnancy, pregnancy course, fetal outcome, safety of various drugs used for disease control during pregnancy and lactation, and contraceptive advice are discussed.
Mok
C C
CC
Department of Medicine and Geriatrics, Tuen Mun Hospital, Hong Kong. ccmok@netvigator.com
Wong
R W
RW
D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017152:Antibodies, Antiphospholipid / Q000276:immunology; D003267:Contraception; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D005313:Fetal Death / Q000209:etiology; D006327:Heart Block / Q000151:congenital; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007247:Infertility, Female / Q000209:etiology; D007774:Lactation; D008180:Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000276:immunology / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D011225:Pre-Eclampsia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology; D016742:Preconception Care; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000276:immunology / Q000628:therapy*; D018566:Pregnancy, High-Risk / Q000276:immunology; D011295:Prenatal Care; D013256:Steroids
D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D017152:Antibodies, Antiphospholipid; D013256:Steroids