Placental lesion multiplicity: risk factor for IUGR and neonatal cranial ultrasound abnormalities.
OBJECTIVE
To determine whether placental lesions are risk factors for neurologic morbidities in intrauterine growth restricted (IUGR) infants, we compared the incidence of cranial ultrasound (CUS) abnormalities and the number and type of placental lesions in IUGR cases and gestational age-matched appropriate for gestational age (AGA) controls.


METHODS
Retrospective case-control study of 94 singleton IUGR and 145 AGA infants. Medical records, CUS reports, and placental histology were reviewed. Analyses included chi2, t-test, analysis of variance and logistic regressions to identify those variables significantly associated with IUGR and those associated with CUS abnormalities.


RESULTS
The incidence of CUS abnormalities was 1.7-fold higher in IUGR cases (50%) than controls (29.7%) (p<0.05). A total placental lesion score of > or =3 was associated with an increased risk for IUGR (OR 14.18, 3.41-58.99; p<0.001) and increased risk for CUS abnormality (OR 12.571, 3.33-47.416; p<0.05). In a logistic regression model only > or =2 placental lesions, IUGR and gestational age <30 weeks were significant independent predictors of CUS abnormalities.


CONCLUSIONS
The severity of placental abnormalities expressed as the cumulative number of placental lesions is a significant risk factor for IUGR and perinatal brain injury. These results suggest that abnormal uteroplacental or fetoplacental blood flow may adversely affect intrauterine growth and increase the risk for brain injury.
Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland Hospital, Room N5W68, 22 S. Greene Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA. rviscard@umaryland.edu
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D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002544:Cerebral Infarction / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D002561:Cerebrovascular Disorders / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D005317:Fetal Growth Retardation / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D020300:Intracranial Hemorrhages / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D007969:Leukomalacia, Periventricular / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D010922:Placenta Diseases / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology; D011247:Pregnancy; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D014463:Ultrasonography