Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor dosages in elderly patients with heart failure.
BACKGROUND
We sought to describe the dosages of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor prescribed to elderly patients with heart failure at hospital discharge, the factors associated with dosing level, and the association of these dosages with 1-year outcomes.


METHODS
Demographic, procedural, and medication data were collected retrospectively from medical records at 18 Connecticut hospitals. Information on mortality and readmission was obtained from the Health Care Financing Administration administrative databases. Dosages of ACE inhibitor were grouped into 3 categories: dosages recommended in practice guidelines or higher (target dose), dosages used in clinical trials but lower than guideline recommendations (subtarget dose), and dosages lower than those used in clinical trials (low dose).


RESULTS
A total of 554 patients, 65 years old or less with confirmed heart failure and systolic dysfunction, were prescribed an ACE inhibitor at discharge. Target, subtarget, and low doses were given in 19%, 63%, and 18% of the patients, respectively. Few demographic or clinical factors were related to lower dosages. Both subtarget and target doses of ACE inhibitors were associated with a significantly lower adjusted 1-year mortality (relative risk 0.67, P =.04; relative risk 0.51, P =.02, respectively) compared with low doses of ACE inhibitors.


CONCLUSIONS
In a representative elderly cohort of patients with heart failure with systolic dysfunction, the majority (82%) were discharged on doses of ACE inhibitors consistent with those used in clinical trials. We observed a dose-response relationship between higher doses and lower mortality. Future studies will need to determine whether this association is causal.
Chen
Y T
YT
Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520-8025, USA.
Wang
Y
Y
Radford
M J
MJ
Krumholz
H M
HM
D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002216:Captopril / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004656:Enalapril / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005260:Female; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality; D006801:Humans; D017706:Lisinopril / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008297:Male; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D018487:Ventricular Dysfunction, Left / Q000188:drug therapy
D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; D004656:Enalapril; D002216:Captopril; D017706:Lisinopril