Outcome of acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction in patients with prior coronary artery bypass surgery receiving thrombolytic therapy.
BACKGROUND
Patients with prior coronary bypass surgery with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (MI) pose an increasingly common clinical problem. We assessed the characteristics and outcomes of such patients undergoing thrombolysis for acute MI.


RESULTS
We compared the characteristics and outcomes of patients in the Global Utilization of Streptokinase and Tissue Plasminogen Activator for Occluded Coronary Arteries trial (GUSTO-I) who had had prior bypass (n = 1784, 4% of the population) with those without prior coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), all of whom were randomized to receive one of four thrombolytic strategies. Patients with prior bypass were older with significantly more prior MI and angina. Overall, 30-day mortality was significantly higher in patients with prior bypass (10.7% vs 6.7% for no prior bypass, P <.001); these patients also had significantly more pulmonary edema, sustained hypotension, or cardiogenic shock. Patients with prior bypass showed a 12.5% relative reduction (95% confidence interval, 0% to 41.9%) in 30-day mortality with accelerated alteplase over the streptokinase monotherapies. In the 62% of patients with prior CABG who underwent coronary angiography, the infarct-related vessel was a native coronary artery in 61.9% and a bypass graft in 38.1% of cases. The Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) 3 flow rate was 30.5% for culprit native coronary arteries and 31.7% for culprit bypass grafts. Patients with prior bypass had more severe infarct-vessel stenoses (99% [90%, 100%] vs 90% [80%, 99%], P <.001).


CONCLUSIONS
The 30-day mortality in patients with prior CABG was significantly higher than that for patients without prior CABG. As in the overall trial, these patients derived an incremental survival benefit from treatment with accelerated alteplase, but mortality remained high (16.7%) at 1 year. These results are at least partially explained by the higher baseline risk of these patients and by the lower rate of patency of the infarct-related artery.
University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Room 150, 40 Ruskin Ave., Ottawa, Ontario K1Y 4W7, Canada. mlabinaz@ottawaheart.ca
M
M
Labinaz
M H
MH
Sketch
S G
SG
Ellis
B M
BM
Abramowitz
A L
AL
Stebbins
K S
KS
Pieper
D R
DR
Holmes
R M
RM
Califf
E J
EJ
Topol
D017023:Coronary Angiography; D001026:Coronary Artery Bypass; D005260:Female; D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006493:Heparin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017052:Hospital Mortality; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000188:drug therapy*; D011184:Postoperative Period; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D013300:Streptokinase / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015912:Thrombolytic Therapy / Q000009:adverse effects; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016896:Treatment Outcome
D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents; D006493:Heparin; D013300:Streptokinase; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator