Papillomavirus virus-like particles as anticancer vaccines.
Papillomavirus virus-like particles (VLPs) are empty, non-replicative, non-infectious particles that retain conformationally correct epitopes for the generation of antibody responses to the viral capsid proteins. Chimeric human papillomavirus (HPV) virus-like particles incorporating non-structural virus proteins offer an exciting approach for combined prophylactic and therapeutic vaccines against HPV-induced lesions. Both HPV VLPs and chimeric VLPs can induce potent humoral and cellular immune responses when injected into mice, leading to the generation of virus-neutralizing antibodies, priming of CD8+ T-cells and activation of cytotoxic T-cell effector functions. This review summarizes recent advances in the production of chimeric VLPs, the immune response elicited by VLPs and chimeric VLPs, and their ability to generate strong protective and therapeutic antitumor immune responses.
Cardinal Bemardin Cancer Center & Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Loyola University, Chicago, 2160 S First Avenue, Maywood, IL 60153, USA.
D M
DM
Da Silva
M P
MP
Velders
M P
MP
Rudolf
J T
JT
Schiller
W M
WM
Kast
D000818:Animals; D019496:Cancer Vaccines / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology*; D002678:Chimera / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D005822:Genetic Vectors; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D027383:Papillomaviridae / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology*; D030361:Papillomavirus Infections / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000628:therapy; D053918:Papillomavirus Vaccines; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D014412:Tumor Virus Infections / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000628:therapy
D019496:Cancer Vaccines; D053918:Papillomavirus Vaccines