Neuropsychiatric differences between Parkinson's disease with dementia and Alzheimer's disease.
OBJECTIVE
To compare the profile of neuropsychiatric symptoms in patients with Parkinson's disease with dementia (PDD) and patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD).


METHODS
Cross-sectional survey of a population-based sample of patients with PDD and AD patients matched for age, sex, and Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score.


METHODS
Patients were diagnosed according to published criteria for PD and AD. The diagnosis of dementia in PD was made according to DSM-III-R, and was based on clinical interview of the patient and a relative, psychometric testing (including MMSE, Dementia Rating Scale and tests assessing memory, executive functions and visuospatial functioning) and physical examination. The Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI) was administered to all patients.


RESULTS
One or more psychiatric symptoms was reported in 95% of AD and 83% of PDD patients. Hallucinations were more severe in PD patients, while aberrant motor behavior, agitation, disinhibition, irritability, euphoria, and apathy were more severe in AD. In PDD, apathy was more common in mild Hoehn and Yahr stages, while delusions increased with more severe motor and cognitive disturbances. In PDD, only delusions correlated with the MMSE score.


CONCLUSIONS
Neuropsychiatric symptoms are common and severe in patients with PDD, with important implications for the management of these patients. AD and PDD patients have different neuropsychiatric profiles, suggesting different underlying mechanisms. Cognitive impairment, psychopathology, and motor features progress independently in PDD patients
Aarsland
D
D
Section of Geriatric Psychiatry, Rogaland Psychiatric Hospital, PO 1163 Hillevåg, 4095 Stavanger, Norway. aarsland@netpower.no
Cummings
J L
JL
Larsen
J P
JP
D000368:Aged; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000150:complications / Q000523:psychology*; D000928:Antidepressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003704:Dementia / Q000150:complications / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology*; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D009664:Norway / Q000453:epidemiology; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000150:complications / Q000523:psychology*; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric
D000928:Antidepressive Agents; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents