Workshop: mechanisms and cardiovascular damage in hypertension.
Angiotensin (Ang) II is considered a regulatory hormone stimulating vascular smooth muscle cell constriction, aldosterone release from the adrenal gland, and sodium reabsorption in the renal tubule. Furthermore, Ang II may be formed and act locally as a chemokine, inducing tyrosine phosphorylation, cell growth, hypertrophy, and differentiation. In addition, evidence has recently accrued showing that Ang II is important in stimulating the production of reactive oxygen species and the activation of ancient inflammatory mechanisms. The transcription factor nuclear factor kappa-B is pivotal to these processes. Nuclear factor kappa-B activation stimulates the expression of a gene menagerie important to chemoattraction, surface adhesion molecule expression, coagulation, and inflammation. Anti-inflammatory interventions may have therapeutic utility.
Franz Volhard Clinic and Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Medical Faculty of the Charité, Humboldt University of Berlin, Germany. luft@fvk-berlin.de
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D000804:Angiotensin II / Q000502:physiology*; D000818:Animals; D030801:Animals, Genetically Modified; D002319:Cardiovascular System / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000378:metabolism; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D006973:Hypertension / Q000503:physiopathology*; D051550:I-kappa B Kinase; D007249:Inflammation / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008956:Models, Chemical; D009131:Muscle, Smooth, Vascular / Q000378:metabolism; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D010766:Phosphorylation; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D012084:Renin-Angiotensin System; D015398:Signal Transduction
D016328:NF-kappa B; D000804:Angiotensin II; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D051550:I-kappa B Kinase