Inhibition of postmenopausal atherosclerosis progression: a comparison of the effects of conjugated equine estrogens and soy phytoestrogens.
Experimental evidence was sought concerning whether soy phytoestrogens (SPEs) inhibit postmenopausal atherosclerosis progression/extent and, if so, their effectiveness relative to traditional estrogen replacement therapy. Premenopausal cynomolgus monkeys were fed a moderately atherogenic diet (26 months) to induce atherosclerosis. After ovariectomy, the moderately atherogenic diet was continued, and they were treated (36 months) with a control diet (soy protein depleted of SPEs), a diet containing SPEs in soy protein isolate, or a diet containing SPE-depleted soy protein with conjugated equine estrogens (CEE; Premarin) added. SPE effects on plasma lipids were better than those of CEE (higher high density lipoprotein cholesterol and no increase in triglyceride). Relative to the control group, CEE treatment inhibited (P = 0.0001), and SPE treatment partially inhibited (P = 0.10) the progression of atherosclerosis (common iliac artery atherosclerosis before and after treatment). CEE-treated monkeys had much less coronary artery atherosclerosis than the controls (P = 0.0002), whereas SPE-treated monkeys were intermediate in lesion extent between the controls and the CEE-treated animals (P = 0.02). Both CEE and SPE significantly reduced the extent of common carotid and internal carotid artery atherosclerosis, and the two treatment groups were not significantly different.
Clarkson
T B
TB
Anthony
M S
MS
Morgan
T M
TM
D000818:Animals; D001161:Arteriosclerosis / Q000473:pathology*; D002340:Carotid Artery Diseases / Q000473:pathology; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000473:pathology; D018450:Disease Progression; D004966:Estrogens, Conjugated (USP) / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004968:Estrogens, Non-Steroidal / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D006728:Hormones / Q000097:blood; D006736:Horses; D007529:Isoflavones / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008074:Lipoproteins / Q000097:blood; D008252:Macaca fascicularis; D048789:Phytoestrogens; D028321:Plant Preparations; D017698:Postmenopause / Q000502:physiology*; D030262:Soybean Proteins / Q000737:chemistry*
D004966:Estrogens, Conjugated (USP); D004968:Estrogens, Non-Steroidal; D006728:Hormones; D007529:Isoflavones; D008055:Lipids; D008074:Lipoproteins; D048789:Phytoestrogens; D028321:Plant Preparations; D030262:Soybean Proteins