Cardiovascular risk factors after Kawasaki disease: a case-control study.
OBJECTIVE
To determine cardiovascular risk profiles of patients with Kawasaki disease and to relate them to a noninvasive measure of endothelial function.


METHODS
Case-control study. Cardiovascular risk assessment including brachial artery reactivity was performed in 24 patients 11.3 +/- 1.8 (mean +/- SD) years after Kawasaki disease and in 11 subjects in a normal control group.


RESULTS
The case versus control groups were similar regarding age, sex, race, body mass index, and percentage of ideal body weight, although cases had a higher mean z score of body mass index than normal (+1.00 +/- 1.18; P <.001). Cases had normal fasting total cholesterol levels but a higher mean z score of triglyceride levels (+1.35 +/- 2.04; P <.004). The case group had significantly higher mean systolic and diastolic resting blood pressure z scores (+0.76 +/- 1.06; P <.01 and +0.96 +/- 1.19; P <.01, respectively) than the control group and population norms. Endothelial function as indicated by brachial artery reactivity was not significantly different between the case versus control groups. In the case group higher blood pressure, increasing adiposity, and higher fasting triglyceride levels were significantly interrelated but did not relate to brachial artery reactivity or coronary artery abnormalities.


CONCLUSIONS
Patients after Kawasaki disease tend to have a more adverse cardiovascular risk profile potentially indicative of an increased predisposition to premature atherosclerotic changes.
Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
A A
AA
Silva
Y
Y
Maeno
A
A
Hashmi
J F
JF
Smallhorn
E D
ED
Silverman
B W
BW
McCrindle
D000293:Adolescent; D001916:Brachial Artery; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D009080:Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome / Q000150:complications*; D009864:Ontario / Q000453:epidemiology; D012307:Risk Factors; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D014664:Vasodilation