Allogeneic recombinant soluble MHC class I molecules modify urinary odor cues in rats.
The highly polymorphic genes of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) determine, in part, the odor cues and behavior of an individual. In animal models, MHC-associated odors that regulate distinct behavior have been identified mainly in urine. However, the underlying mechanism is still not clear. Here, we show that injected recombinant soluble (rs) MHC class I molecules (DA, rsRT1.A(a) and Lewis, rsRT1.A(l)) temporarily alter urine odor of Lewis test rats (RT1.A(l)). This change in urinary signals was observed in behavioral assays using the habituation/dishabituation test and in odor signals analysed by gas chromatography (GC) and mass spectrometry (MS). Gas chromatographic analysis revealed that these altered odor signals are caused by quantitative changes of at least two nitrogen-containing urinary compounds. The results suggest that urinary olfactory cues are directly or indirectly influenced by MHC class I gene products.
Institute of Immunology, University of Kiel, Michaelisstr. 5, 24105 Kiel, Germany.
E
E
Janssen
B
B
Göhlen
D
D
Behrens
K
K
Richter
N
N
Zavazava
D000818:Animals; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000494:pharmacology; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D020374:Chromatography, Micellar Electrokinetic Capillary; D003463:Cues; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D005805:Genes, MHC Class I / Q000235:genetics*; D006185:Habituation, Psychophysiologic / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D009812:Odorants; D051381:Rats; D011917:Rats, Inbred Lew; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D014556:Urine / Q000737:chemistry*
D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D011994:Recombinant Proteins