Geohelminthic infections associated with raw wastewater reuse for agricultural purposes in Beni-Mellal, Morocco.
This study was undertaken to determine the possible risk associated with raw wastewater use for agricultural purposes, particularly, the transmission of geohelminthic infections among children of five regions in Beni-Mellal, Morocco. In a randomly selected sample of 1343 children, 740 of them were from five communities using raw wastewater for agriculture, and 603 were from four control communities that do not practice wastewater irrigation. A questionnaire-interview with children and parents was used to collect data on possible demographic, hygiene and behavioral-contact risk factors such as sex, age, family size, parental education, parental occupation, source of water, toilet in house, hand-washing, contact with wastewater and contact with wastewater irrigated land. Ascariasis prevalence was found to be approximately five times higher among children in wastewater-impacted regions compared to control regions. Contact with wastewater and wastewater irrigated land and public water supply were found to be associated with higher infection rates. Trichuris rates did not show a statistically significant difference between the wastewater-impacted and the control regions. In conclusion, raw wastewater use in Beni-Mellal can lead to a high risk of geohelminthic infections. Adequate treatment of wastewater and public health education are highly recommended.
Department of Biology and Agronomy, Faculty of Sciences and Technics, Beni-Mellal, Morocco. k.habari@fstbm.ac.ma
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Habbari
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Tifnouti
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Bitton
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Mandil
D000293:Adolescent; D000818:Animals; D001196:Ascariasis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000469:parasitology / Q000635:transmission*; D017164:Ascaris lumbricoides / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D002648:Child; D004522:Educational Status; D004651:Employment; D005243:Feces / Q000469:parasitology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006920:Hygiene; D008297:Male; D009018:Morocco / Q000453:epidemiology; D010270:Parasite Egg Count; D012722:Sewage / Q000469:parasitology*; D013383:Suburban Population; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014867:Water / Q000469:parasitology*
D012722:Sewage; D014867:Water