Non-institutional sources of assistance following a disaster: potential triage and treatment capabilities of neighborhood-based preparedness organizations.
The following paper presents an argument for enhancing and encouraging the development of neighborhood-based disaster preparedness organizations, particularly as a potential medical triage and treatment resource following a disaster. First, the research context for the utility of non-institutional sources of post-diaster assistance is outlined, followed by the more specific instance of medical triage and treatment. An emerging model of community disaster preparedness training is described, noting the modules that address disaster medicine. Positive contributions and limitations are addressed looking to disaster and non-disaster experiences. While the potential for non-traditional resources to aid immediate post-disaster response is becoming both more common and more accepted, there are a number of recommendations that would improve the usefulness and value, including: 1) integration with existing emergency care infrastructure; 2) standardization of training; 3) use of coordinated drills between public safety organizations, hospitals, and voluntary sectors; and 4) dedication of more funding to assist in the creation and maintenance of programs. Because of the relative infancy of these community-based programs, and the infrequency of large-scale disasters, there is little, if any, pre-post research that can demonstrate a measured impact on response. More pre-disaster baseline data-gathering efforts are needed, combined with post-disaster evaluative research to understand the utility of these non-traditional resources in terms of overall response, and in particular the ability to assist in areas of disaster medicine practice. One also expects that under these kinds of [disaster] conditions, family members, fellow employees, and neighbors will spontaneously try to help each other. This was the case following the Mexico City earthquake where untrained, spontaneous volunteers saved 800 people. However, 100 people lost their lives while attempting to save others. This is a high price to pay and is preventable through training.
Center for Hazards Research and Policy Development, University of Louisville, 426 West Bloom Street, Louisville, KY 40208, USA. dave.simpson@louisville.edu
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D003256:Community Participation; D004189:Disaster Planning / Q000458:organization & administration*; D004632:Emergency Medical Services / Q000458:organization & administration*; D006284:Health Plan Implementation; D006801:Humans; D014218:Triage; D014481:United States; D014838:Volunteers / Q000193:education