Redox regulation of skeletal muscle glucose transport.
Although the control of carbohydrate metabolism may be regulated by numerous factors, the redox state of the cell is of primary importance. The redox state may be influenced by a number of different factors, including different reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) collectively, called reactive oxygen/nitrogen species (RONS). This review attempts to summarize the importance of redox regulation in relation to glucose transport and regulation of carbohydrate metabolism in skeletal muscle. In addition, prior studies implicating the role of different RONS in the control of glucose transport in skeletal muscle will be presented. Finally, the possible involvement of the cGMP, p21ras, and mean arterial pressure (MAP) kinase signal transduction cascades, which have been implicated with redox-sensitive alterations in glucose transport, will also be discussed.
Gonda Research Center, Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010-3000, USA. tbalon@coh.org
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D050260:Carbohydrate Metabolism; D006152:Cyclic GMP / Q000378:metabolism; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D009004:Monosaccharide Transport Proteins; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000502:physiology*; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D015398:Signal Transduction
D009004:Monosaccharide Transport Proteins; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D006152:Cyclic GMP; D005947:Glucose