Primary invasive carcinoma of the vagina: treatment with interstitial brachytherapy.
BACKGROUND
Because primary carcinoma of the vagina comprises less than 2% of all gynecologic malignancies, the reported experience in the treatment of large numbers of patients is available only from a few major centers and most often encompasses a variety of differences in treatment selection and technique. The objective of this study was to assess the long term results of an interstitial iridium-192 afterloading implant technique using the Syed-Neblett dedicated vaginal plastic template.


METHODS
Patients who were treated from 1976 to 1997 were examined retrospectively.


RESULTS
Seventy-one patients underwent interstitial implantation with (n = 61 patients) or without external beam radiotherapy. The median age was 59 years (range, 16-86 years). Patients were staged according to the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics system and included Stage I (n = 10 patients), Perez modification Stage IIA (n = 14 patients), Perez modification Stage IIB (n = 25 patients), Stage III (n = 15 patients), and Stage IV (n = 7 patients). Each implant delivered an approximately 20-gray (Gy) minimum tumor dose, with the total tumor dose reaching 80 Gy with integrated external beam radiotherapy. Local control was achieved in 53 patients (75%). The median follow-up was 66 months (range, 15-163 months), and the 2-year, 5-year, and 10-year actuarial disease free survival rates are 73%, 58%, and 58%, respectively. By stage, 5-year disease free survival rates included Stage I, 100% of patients; Stage IIA, 60% of patients; Stage IIB, 61% of patients; Stage III, 30% of patients; and Stage IV, 0% of patients. The factors disease stage and primary lesion size independently influenced the survival rates. Significant complications occurred in 9 patients (13%) and included necrosis (n = 4 patients), fistulae (n = 4 patients), and small bowel obstruction (n = 1 patient).


CONCLUSIONS
Interstitial irradiation can effect local control in the majority of patients with primary carcinoma of the vagina with acceptable morbidity. Long term cure is demonstrable in patients with Stage I-III disease.
The Chao Family National Cancer Institute-Designated Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Irvine Medical Center, Orange, California, USA.
K S
KS
Tewari
F
F
Cappuccini
A A
AA
Puthawala
J V
JV
Kuo
R A
RA
Burger
B J
BJ
Monk
A
A
Manetta
M L
ML
Berman
P J
PJ
Disaia
A M
AM
Nisar
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001918:Brachytherapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016019:Survival Analysis; D014625:Vaginal Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy*