Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus persisting 57 months after cessation of lithium carbonate therapy: report of a case and review of the literature.
OBJECTIVE
To illuminate the natural history of prolonged nephrogenic diabetes insipidus after discontinuation of lithium carbonate treatment and to assess the response to therapy with desmopressin acetate and triamterene-hydrochlorothiazide.


METHODS
We analyzed sequential determinations of serum and urine osmolality, plasma arginine vasopressin, serum sodium, blood urea nitrogen, calcium, ionized calcium, parathyroid hormone, and 24-hour urine volume during a period of 57 months in a 67-year-old woman.


RESULTS
Our patient experienced persistent polyuria in conjunction with having repeated serum osmolalities between 300 and 323 mOsm/kg and urine osmolalities between 130 and 208 mOsm/kg. Concomitant plasma arginine vasopressin levels were as high as 12.0 pg/mL, consistent with the diagnosis of nephrogenic diabetes insipidus. Administration of triamterene-hydrochlorothiazide reduced 24-hour urine volume and serum osmolality while increasing urine osmolality. Desmopressin acetate exhibited no effect.


CONCLUSIONS
In this report, we describe the eighth documented case of persistent nephrogenic diabetes insipidus, lasting 57 months after cessation of lithium therapy, and demonstrate a palliative effect of triamterene-hydrochlorothiazide.
Division of Endocrinology, Fairview General Hospital, Cleveland Clinic Health System, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
A F
AF
Guirguis
H C
HC
Taylor
D000368:Aged; D003894:Deamino Arginine Vasopressin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018500:Diabetes Insipidus, Nephrogenic / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D004232:Diuretics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006852:Hydrochlorothiazide / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007668:Kidney / Q000473:pathology; D016651:Lithium Carbonate / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012076:Renal Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D049993:Sodium Chloride Symporter Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014223:Triamterene / Q000627:therapeutic use
D004232:Diuretics; D012076:Renal Agents; D049993:Sodium Chloride Symporter Inhibitors; D006852:Hydrochlorothiazide; D016651:Lithium Carbonate; D003894:Deamino Arginine Vasopressin; D014223:Triamterene