Fumonisin B(1) increases serum sphinganine concentration but does not alter serum sphingosine concentration or induce cardiovascular changes in milk-fed calves.
Fumonisin B(1) is the most toxic and commonly occurring form of a group of mycotoxins that alter sphingolipid biosynthesis and induce leukoencephalomalacia in horses and pulmonary edema in pigs. Purified fumonisin B(1) (1 mg/kg, iv, daily) increased serum sphinganine and sphingosine concentrations and decreased cardiovascular function in pigs within 5 days. We therefore examined whether the same dosage schedule of fumonisin B(1) produced a similar effect in calves. Ten milk-fed male Holstein calves were instrumented to obtain blood and cardiovascular measurements. Treated calves (n = 5) were administered purified fumonisin B(1) at 1 mg/kg, iv, daily for 7 days and controls (n = 5) were administered 10 ml 0.9% NaCl, iv, daily. Each calf was euthanized on day 7. In treated calves, serum sphinganine concentration increased from day 3 onward (day 7, 0.237 +/- 0.388 micromol/l; baseline, 0.010 +/- 0.007 micromol/l; mean +/- SD), whereas, serum sphingosine concentration was unchanged (day 7, 0.044 +/- 0.065 micromol/l; baseline, 0.021 +/- 0.025 micromol/l). Heart rate, cardiac output, stroke volume, mean arterial pressure, mean pulmonary artery pressure, pulmonary artery wedge pressure, central venous pressure, plasma volume, base-apex electrocardiogram, arterial Po(2), and systemic oxygen delivery were unchanged in treated and control calves. Fumonisin-treated calves developed metabolic acidosis (arterial blood pH, 7.27 +/- 0.11; base excess, -9.1 +/- 7.6 mEq/l), but all survived for 7 days. We conclude that calves are more resistant to fumonisin B(1) cardiovascular toxicity than pigs.
Mathur
S
S
Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61802, USA.
Constable
P D
PD
Eppley
R M
RM
Tumbleson
M E
ME
Smith
G W
GW
Tranquilli
W J
WJ
Morin
D E
DE
Haschek
W M
WM
D000142:Acidosis, Respiratory / Q000139:chemically induced; D000818:Animals; D000833:Animals, Suckling / Q000097:blood* / Q000502:physiology; D002264:Carboxylic Acids / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity*; D002417:Cattle; D037341:Fumonisins; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D006403:Hematologic Tests; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D008297:Male; D008892:Milk; D009183:Mycotoxins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity*; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism; D013110:Sphingosine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000097:blood*
D002264:Carboxylic Acids; D037341:Fumonisins; D009183:Mycotoxins; C056933:fumonisin B1; D013110:Sphingosine; C005682:safingol