Biological considerations in lung cancer.
Our understanding of lung cancer biology has rapidly expanded in recent years. Lung cancer, unlike most human cancers, can be traced to an environmental risk factor in the majority of cases, and this fact is reflected in the vast number of genetic alterations discovered in lung tumors whose pathogenesis is believed to be mediated by carcinogen exposure. The discovery of these alterations has led to a greater understanding of tumor development. The dramatic progress in the understanding of the genetic and molecular basis of oncogenesis and the induction of immunity has led to a rejuvenation of efforts to apply this new knowledge to this common and refractory disease. Further, the resurgent interest in cancer immunology and tumor-host interactions holds promise for the development of new approaches to treatment based on harvesting the immune systems ability to recognize these alterations. Hopefully, this understanding will lead to novel approaches with real and convincing clinical efficacy once some of these strategies are tested in carefully performed randomized clinical trials with appropriate power to detect meaningful differences.
Almand
B
B
Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
Carbone
D P
DP
D000818:Animals; D002471:Cell Transformation, Neoplastic / Q000235:genetics; D002869:Chromosome Aberrations; D002872:Chromosome Deletion; D002877:Chromosomes, Human / Q000235:genetics / Q000648:ultrastructure; D016207:Cytokines / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005799:Genes, Dominant; D016147:Genes, Tumor Suppressor; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D015316:Genetic Therapy; D006133:Growth Substances / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D007153:Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes / Q000209:etiology; D007167:Immunotherapy / Q000379:methods; D019656:Loss of Heterozygosity; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000628:therapy; D008666:Metalloendopeptidases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000276:immunology; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic / Q000628:therapy; D009857:Oncogenes; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects; D019714:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology
D016207:Cytokines; D006133:Growth Substances; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D019714:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinases; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53; D008666:Metalloendopeptidases