Live bacterial delivery systems for development of mucosal vaccines.
By expression of foreign antigens in attenuated strains derived from bacterial pathogens and in non-pathogenic commensal bacteria, recombinant vaccines are being developed that aim to stimulate mucosal immunity. Recent advances in the pathogenesis and molecular biology of these bacteria have allowed rational development of new and improved bacterial carriers and more effective gene expression systems. These advances have improved the performance and versatility of these delivery systems to induce mucosal immunity to recombinant antigens in animal models. Application of these (improved) technologies for development of human vaccines is still limited and awaits further exploration.
Thole
J E
JE
Special Program Infectious Diseases, TNO Prevention and Health, Zernikedreef 9, 2301 CE Leiden, The Netherlands. j.thole@pg.tno.nl
van Dalen
P J
PJ
Havenith
C E
CE
Pouwels
P H
PH
Seegers
J F
JF
Tielen
F D
FD
van der Zee
M D
MD
Zegers
N D
ND
Shaw
M
M
D000818:Animals; D001500:BCG Vaccine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D001419:Bacteria / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D005822:Genetic Vectors; D006801:Humans; D018928:Immunity, Mucosal; D007778:Lactobacillus / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D013294:Lactococcus lactis / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D012475:Salmonella / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D013210:Staphylococcus / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D013291:Streptococcus / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D014613:Vaccines, Attenuated / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000235:genetics; D014614:Vaccines, Synthetic / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000235:genetics; D014734:Vibrio cholerae / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology
D001500:BCG Vaccine; D014613:Vaccines, Attenuated; D014614:Vaccines, Synthetic