Thioredoxin inhibits tumor necrosis factor- or interleukin-1-induced NF-kappaB activation at a level upstream of NF-kappaB-inducing kinase.
Gene induction by tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFalpha) or interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) is mediated in part by activation of the transcription factor nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB), and requires signal adaptor molecules such as TNF receptor-associated factor (TRAFs). The latter interact with the NF-kappaB-inducing kinase (NIK), which is believed to be part of the IkappaB kinase complex. Although the precise mechanism is to be elucidated, it is well-known that antioxidant treatments inhibit the inflammatory cytokine-induced NF-kappaB activation. Thioredoxin (TRX) is a 12-kDa endogenous protein that regulates various cellular functions by modulating the redox state of proteins, overexpression of this molecule inhibits NF-kappaB activation. To elucidate the roles of TRX in the signal transduction of the cytokines, we investigated the effects of TRX on NF-kappaB activation induced by cytokine treatment or by overexpression of the signaling molecules. Our data show that TRX treatment inhibits NF-kappaB-dependent transcription at the level of downstream of TRAFs and upstream of NIK: TRX inhibited TRAF2-, TRAF5-, and TRAF6-induced NF-kappaB activation but does not inhibit NIK-, IKKalpha-, and MEKK-induced activation. In addition, we show that TRX inhibits NF-kappaB activation in a manner different from that for SAPK (stress activated protein kinase) inhibition.
Department of Anesthesia, Kyoto University Hospital, Japan.
J
J
Takeuchi
K
K
Hirota
T
T
Itoh
R
R
Shinkura
K
K
Kitada
J
J
Yodoi
T
T
Namba
K
K
Fukuda
D000111:Acetylcysteine / Q000494:pharmacology; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000502:physiology; D002460:Cell Line / Q000187:drug effects; D017930:Genes, Reporter; D006367:HeLa Cells / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D051550:I-kappa B Kinase; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000494:pharmacology; D007668:Kidney; D008156:Luciferases / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics; D048848:MAP Kinase Kinase Kinase 5; D020930:MAP Kinase Kinase Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D016297:Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000187:drug effects; D011499:Protein Processing, Post-Translational / Q000187:drug effects; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D011506:Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects*; D047992:TNF Receptor-Associated Factor 2; D048015:TNF Receptor-Associated Factor 5; D048029:TNF Receptor-Associated Factor 6; D013879:Thioredoxins / Q000235:genetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014158:Transcription, Genetic / Q000187:drug effects*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000494:pharmacology; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases
D000975:Antioxidants; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D007375:Interleukin-1; D016328:NF-kappa B; D011506:Proteins; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D047992:TNF Receptor-Associated Factor 2; D048015:TNF Receptor-Associated Factor 5; D048029:TNF Receptor-Associated Factor 6; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D013879:Thioredoxins; D008156:Luciferases; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; C496559:CHUK protein, human; D051550:I-kappa B Kinase; C496560:IKBKB protein, human; C496565:IKBKE protein, human; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D048848:MAP Kinase Kinase Kinase 5; D020930:MAP Kinase Kinase Kinases; C482858:MAP3K5 protein, human; D000111:Acetylcysteine