Recurrent lumbar disc herniation: results of operative management.
METHODS
A retrospective evaluation of 28 patients with recurrent lumbar disc herniation.


OBJECTIVE
To analyze the outcome of the revisions (repeat discectomy), the risk factors of recurrent disc herniation, and the factors that influenced the outcomes of repeat discectomy.


BACKGROUND
Recurrent herniation following disc excision has been reported in 5-11% of patients. There have been many studies on recurrent disc herniation, but these studies have analyzed mixed patient populations.


METHODS
Recurrent lumbar disc herniation was defined as disc herniation at the same level, regardless of ipsilateral or contralateral herniation, with a pain-free interval greater than 6 months. Eight women and 20 men were studied. The levels of disc herniation were L4-L5 (19 cases) and L5-S1 (9 cases). Gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging was performed in all patients. Revision surgery was performed in all patients by using conventional open discectomy. The pain-free interval, side and degree of herniation, operation time, duration of hospital stay, and clinical improvement rate were recorded.


RESULTS
The mean pain-free interval was 60.8 months. There were 21 cases of ipsilateral herniation and 7 cases of contralateral herniation. The degrees of herniation in revision were protrusion (14 cases), subligamentous extrusion (3 cases), transligamentous extrusion (8 cases), and sequestration (3 cases). The degrees of herniation in the previous discectomy were protrusion (17 cases), subligamentous extrusion (10 cases), and transligamentous extrusion (1 case). The length of surgery was significantly different (P = 0.003) between the revision surgery and the previous discectomy. There were no significant differences between revision and previous surgery in terms of hospital stay or clinical improvement rates. Age, gender, smoking, professions, traumatic events, level and degree of herniation, and pain-free interval did not affect the clinical outcomes.


CONCLUSIONS
Conventional open discectomy as a revision surgery for recurrent lumbar disc herniation showed satisfactory results that were comparable with those of primary discectomy. Based on the results of this study, repeat discectomy can be recommended for the management of recurrent lumbar disc herniation.
Suk
K S
KS
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea.
Lee
H M
HM
Moon
S H
SH
Kim
N H
NH
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017586:Diskectomy / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007403:Intervertebral Disc / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D007405:Intervertebral Disc Displacement / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D008159:Lumbar Vertebrae / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D012086:Reoperation / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D055502:Secondary Prevention; D016896:Treatment Outcome