The sinking of the Estonia: the effects of critical incident stress debriefing (CISD) on rescuers.
On the morning of September 28, 1994 the ferry Estonia sank off the coast of Finland. The loss of life reached 852 persons, while 137 persons were rescued. This study investigated the effectiveness of Critical Incident Stress Debriefing (CISD) as a crisis intervention process. Results of this controlled investigation revealed that the CISD intervention proved effective in reducing symptoms of distress and psychological trauma as psychometrically assessed.
Nurmi
L A
LA
University of Turku, Police College of Finland Espo, Finland.
D000704:Analysis of Variance; D003258:Consumer Behavior; D003419:Crisis Intervention / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005387:Finland / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009784:Occupational Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D018635:Rescue Work; D012767:Ships; D013313:Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control*