Identification of Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki strain HD1-Like bacteria from environmental and human samples after aerial spraying of Victoria, British Columbia, Canada, with Foray 48B.
Aerial applications of Foray 48B, which contains Bacillus thuringiensis strain HD1, were carried out on 9 to 10 May, 19 to 21 May, and 8 to 9 June 1999 to control European gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar) populations in Victoria, British Columbia, Canada. A major assessment of the health impact of B. thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki was conducted by the Office of the Medical Health Officer of the Capital Health Region during this period. Environmental (air and water) and human (nasal swab) samples, collected before and after aerial applications of Foray 48B, both in the spray zone and outside of the spray zone, were analyzed for the presence of strain HD1-like bacteria. Random amplified polymorphic DNA analysis, cry gene-specific PCR, and dot blot DNA hybridization techniques were used to screen over 11,000 isolates of bacteria. We identified bacteria with genetic patterns consistent with those of B. thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki HD1 in 9,102 of 10,659 (85.4%) isolates obtained from the air samples, 13 of 440 (2.9%) isolates obtained from the water samples, and 131 of 171 (76.6%) isolates from the nasal swab samples. These analyses suggest that B. thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki HD1-like bacteria were present both in the environment and in the human population of Victoria prior to aerial applications of Foray 48B. The presence of B. thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki HD1-like bacteria in human nasal passages increased significantly after the application of Foray 48B, both inside and outside the spray zone.
Department of Biology, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8W 3N5, Canada.
G
G
Valadares De Amorim
B
B
Whittome
B
B
Shore
D B
DB
Levin
D000328:Adult; D000391:Air Microbiology; D000818:Animals; D001413:Bacillus thuringiensis / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D000083722:Bacillus thuringiensis Toxins; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D001427:Bacterial Toxins; D001955:British Columbia; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003470:Culture Media; D004731:Endotoxins / Q000235:genetics; D005618:Fresh Water / Q000382:microbiology*; D006460:Hemolysin Proteins; D006801:Humans; D007306:Insecticides / Q000008:administration & dosage; D009036:Moths; D009666:Nose / Q000382:microbiology*; D009693:Nucleic Acid Hybridization; D010572:Pest Control, Biological / Q000379:methods*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D019105:Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA Technique
D000083722:Bacillus thuringiensis Toxins; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D001427:Bacterial Toxins; D003470:Culture Media; D004731:Endotoxins; D006460:Hemolysin Proteins; D007306:Insecticides; C030956:insecticidal crystal protein, Bacillus Thuringiensis