Bioactive substances in milk with properties decreasing risk of cardiovascular diseases.
Milk is often seen as a potential promotor of atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease because it is a source of cholesterol and saturated fatty acids. But there are several studies indicating that milk and milk products may not affect adversely blood lipids as would be predicted from its fat content and fat composition. There are even factors in milk and milk products which may actively protect from this condition by improving several risk factors. Calcium, bioactive peptides and as yet unidentified components in whole milk may protect from hypertension, and folic acid, vitamin B6 (pyridoxine) and B12 (cyanocobalamin) or other unidentified components of skim milk may contribute to low homocysteine levels. Conjugated linoleic acid may have hypolipidaemic and antioxidative and thus antiatherosclerotic properties. Epidemiological studies suggest that milk and milk products fit well into a healthy eating pattern emphasizing cereals and vegetables.
Pfeuffer
M
M
Federal Dairy Research Center, Department of Physiology and Biochemistry of Nutrition, Kiel, Germany. pfeuffer@bafm.de
Schrezenmeir
J
J
D000818:Animals; D000924:Anticholesteremic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001161:Arteriosclerosis / Q000517:prevention & control; D002118:Calcium / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000517:prevention & control; D004032:Diet; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000517:prevention & control; D019787:Linoleic Acid / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008892:Milk / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D008894:Milk Proteins / Q000032:analysis / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012307:Risk Factors; D014815:Vitamins / Q000627:therapeutic use
D000924:Anticholesteremic Agents; D000975:Antioxidants; D008894:Milk Proteins; D014815:Vitamins; D019787:Linoleic Acid; D002118:Calcium