Effects of agents, used to treat bleeding disorders, on bleeding time prolonged by a very high dose of a direct thrombin inhibitor in anesthesized rats and rabbits.
Melagatran is the active form of the oral, direct thrombin inhibitor, H 376/95, that is under evaluation in clinical trials for the prevention and treatment of thromboembolism. In this study, a single dose, calculated on body weight basis, of antifibrinolytic treatment, factor VIIa, factor VIII with and without von Willebrand factor (vWF), factor IX, activated (APCC) or nonactivated (PCC) prothrombin complex concentrates was given intravenously to rats and rabbits, in an attempt to reverse the prolonged bleeding time during intensive anticoagulation with melagatran (2 micromol/kg/h). The doses used were at or above human therapeutic doses. The cutaneous tail bleeding time in the rat, as well as the ear incision bleeding time and cuticle bleeding time, and the blood loss in the rabbit were used for evaluation of the hemostatic effects of these agents. In vivo Feiba (APCC) and Prothromplex-T (PCC) shortened the prolonged cutaneous bleeding times in rats (P<.05); Feiba and Autoplex (APCC) shortened the cutaneous bleeding times in rabbits (P<.05). In contrast, Prothromplex-T prolonged bleeding times and blood loss in the rabbits (P<.05). Ex vivo Feiba, Autoplex and NovoSeven (rF VIIa) significantly (P<.05) shortened the prolonged whole blood clotting time (WBCT). Prothromplex-T significantly prolonged WBCT, activated clotting time (ACT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT). Feiba, Autoplex, and Prothromplex-T increased thrombin generation measured as increased thrombin-antithrombin complex (TAT) formation. In conclusion, APCCs were found to be the most effective agents for reversing bleeding time induced by a very high plasma concentration of melagatran. APCC and recombinant activated factor FVII (rF VIIa) effectively shortened the prolonged WBCT. Thus, stimulating thrombin generation with the use of APCC may counteract the anticoagulant effect observed with a very high dose of a thrombin inhibitor.
Department of Cardiovascular Pharmacology, AstraZeneca R&D, Mölndal, Sweden. margareta.elg@astrazeneca.com
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D000818:Animals; D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001384:Azetidines; D001596:Benzylamines; D001760:Bleeding Time; D001779:Blood Coagulation Factors / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005164:Factor IX / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005169:Factor VIII / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015942:Factor VIIa / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005998:Glycine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006470:Hemorrhage / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans; D011817:Rabbits; D051381:Rats; D013917:Thrombin / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D014841:von Willebrand Factor / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use
D000925:Anticoagulants; D001384:Azetidines; D001596:Benzylamines; D001779:Blood Coagulation Factors; D014841:von Willebrand Factor; C109573:melagatran; C025667:prothrombin complex concentrates; D005169:Factor VIII; D005164:Factor IX; D015942:Factor VIIa; D013917:Thrombin; D005998:Glycine