Laser supraglottoplasty for laryngomalacia: are specific anatomical defects more influential than associated anomalies on outcome?
OBJECTIVE
To evaluate different CO2 laser procedures on children with various types of laryngomalacia and determine the role of associated anomalies on the outcome.


METHODS
Retrospective chart review.


METHODS
Academic tertiary referral center.


METHODS
Twenty-three children who underwent laser supraglottoplasty for laryngomalacia between 1991 and 1998 at the UC Davis Medical Center.


METHODS
CO2 laser vaporization of redundant supraglottic mucosa of the aryepiglottic fold, arytenoid, and the epiglottis, or modification of the latter, either individually or in combination, based on the obstructing anatomy.


METHODS
Immediate, short term, intermediate and long term relief of respiratory symptoms, feeding difficulties, effect of associated anomalies on outcome, effect of specific anatomic obstructing site and surgical procedure performed on outcome, and the incidence of complications inherent to the procedure.


RESULTS
Children without associated anomalies invariably did very well, with 78% immediately resolving their respiratory symptoms and 100% within a week. Twelve of the 14 patients with unfavorable immediate results (P<0.01) and all ten with short term unfavorable results (P<0.05) had neurologic or anatomic associated anomalies. Seven patients, all with associated anomalies, were considered surgical failures (P<0.05). These patients also had a significantly longer hospital stay (P<0.01). The presence of associated anomalies was significant (P<0.01) in determining surgical treatment of reflux or the need for an NG tube in treating feeding problems. The anatomic site of abnormality and the specific procedure performed did not affect the outcome. There were no serious complications inherent to this procedure.


CONCLUSIONS
Laser supraglottoplasty, in its different modalities, is a safe and effective treatment for all types of laryngomalacia, but children with associated neurologic or anatomic anomalies will have a more complicated immediate and short term course, as well as a significant incidence of failure. Gastroesophageal reflux is an important associated condition that requires investigation in these patients, and in severe cases will merit surgical procedures to manage. The high incidence of associated neuromuscular anomalies suggests that this component has an important role in the etiology of laryngomalacia.
Senders
C W
CW
Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, Davis, Suite 7200, 2521 Stockton Boulevard, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA. cwsenders@ucdavis.edu
Navarrete
E G
EG
D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D005764:Gastroesophageal Reflux / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology; D005931:Glottis / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007818:Laryngeal Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000151:congenital / Q000601:surgery*; D007830:Larynx / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000601:surgery*; D053685:Laser Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D013517:Otorhinolaryngologic Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome