Antibody response to a single tetanus toxoid booster in young women in rural south India.
BACKGROUND
Tetanus toxoid immunization is an integral part of the maternal and child health programme in developing countries. It is likely that many women may have had childhood immunization and so already have antitetanus antibodies at the time of their first antenatal visit. A single dose of tetanus toxoid injection can boost the levels of antitetanus antibodies in these women. This study was undertaken to assess the previous immunization status by verbal history and assess the effect of a single tetanus toxoid injection in young women.


METHODS
Ninety-nine unmarried women between 18 and 22 years of age were enrolled for the study. The history of childhood immunization was obtained from their mothers. Blood samples were collected to measure IgG antibody levels to tetanus using ELISA. Antibody levels were also measured on day 14 after a dose of tetanus toxoid injection.


RESULTS
Of the 99 women studied, 81 had a history of childhood immunization while 18 did not. Overall, 92% of the women had protective levels of antibodies at the time of first testing and 99% of the women were protected with a single dose of tetanus toxoid.


CONCLUSIONS
In areas with good maternal and child health services, a single booster dose of tetanus toxoid can be considered adequate for primigravidae with a history of childhood immunization.
Department of Community Health and Development, Christian Medical College and Hospital, Vellore 632004, Tamil Nadu, India.
K
K
Aruldas
J P
JP
Muliyil
E
E
Mathai
S
S
Abraham
A
A
Joseph
U
U
Inbamalar
V
V
Aruldas
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000917:Antibody Formation; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007117:Immunization, Secondary; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000032:analysis / Q000276:immunology; D007194:India; D012424:Rural Population; D013745:Tetanus Toxoid / Q000276:immunology*
D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D013745:Tetanus Toxoid