Exploring race variations in aging and personal control.
OBJECTIVE
The purpose of this study is twofold: (a) to see whether the association between age and perceived control is the same for Blacks as well as Whites; and (b) to see if education, health, income, social support, cognitive function, and religion account for the relationship between age and control in the same way for Blacks and Whites.


METHODS
Data for this study come from the first wave of the Americans' Changing Lives panel study. Complete data are available for 357 Black and 2,792 White individuals. Respondents were asked questions about their feelings of control, health status, income, social support, cognitive function, religious participation, and demographic information.


RESULTS
The findings suggest that age has an inverse and nonlinear association with feelings of control. Moreover, this relationship is similar for Blacks and Whites. The data further reveal that, across all age groups, Blacks report a lower sense of control than Whites. Less education, less income, greater cognitive impairments, and more religiosity are associated with a lower sense of control. These factors, along with health and social support, account for 69% of the association between age and control, with no differences according to race.


CONCLUSIONS
These results show that lower levels of control are associated with older age in both Blacks and Whites, and that racial disparities in feelings of control persist across all age groups. This suggests that Blacks may be at a particular disadvantage in the face of the increasing challenges of aging.
Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 48109-2029, USA. bashaw@umich.edu
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Shaw
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Krause
D000328:Adult; D001741:Black or African American / Q000523:psychology*; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007389:Internal-External Control; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D044465:White People / Q000523:psychology*