p300/CBP-mediated p53 acetylation is commonly induced by p53-activating agents and inhibited by MDM2.
The tumor suppressor p53 is activated in response to many types of cellular and environmental insults via mechanisms involving post-translational modification. Here we demonstrate that, unlike phosphorylation, p53 invariably undergoes acetylation in cells exposed to a variety of stress-inducing agents including hypoxia, anti-metabolites, nuclear export inhibitor and actinomycin D treatment. In vivo, p53 acetylation is mediated by the p300 and CBP acetyltransferases. Overexpression of either p300 or CBP, but not an acetyltransferase-deficient mutant, efficiently induces specific p53 acetylation. In contrast, MDM2, a negative regulator of p53, actively suppresses p300/CBP-mediated p53 acetylation in vivo and in vitro. This inhibitory activity of MDM2 on p53 acetylation is in turn abrogated by tumor suppressor p19(ARF), indicating that regulation of acetylation is a central target of the p53-MDM2-p19(ARF) feedback loop. Functionally, inhibition of deacetylation promotes p53 stability, suggesting that acetylation plays a positive role in the accumulation of p53 protein in stress response. Our results provide evidence that p300/CBP-mediated acetylation may be a universal and critical modification for p53 function.
Ito
A
A
Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
Lai
C H
CH
Zhao
X
X
Saito
S
S
Hamilton
M H
MH
Appella
E
E
Yao
T P
TP
D000107:Acetylation; D000123:Acetyltransferases / Q000378:metabolism*; D016147:Genes, Tumor Suppressor; D006801:Humans; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D011506:Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D051736:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-mdm2; D013489:Suppression, Genetic; D015534:Trans-Activators / Q000378:metabolism*; D025803:Tumor Suppressor Protein p14ARF; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000378:metabolism*
D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D011506:Proteins; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D015534:Trans-Activators; D025803:Tumor Suppressor Protein p14ARF; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53; D000123:Acetyltransferases; C497206:MDM2 protein, human; D051736:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-mdm2