I kappa B-independent control of NF-kappa B activity by modulatory phosphorylations.
Activation of the transcription factor nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappa B) requires its release from inhibitor of NF-kappa B (I kappa B) proteins in the cytoplasm. Much work has focussed on the identification of pathways regulating this cytosolic rate-limiting step of NF-kappa B activation. However, there is increasing evidence for another complex level of NF-kappa B activation, which involves modulatory phosphorylations of the DNA-binding subunits. These phosphorylations can control several functions of NF-kappa B, including DNA binding and transactivation properties, as well as interactions between the transcription factor and regulatory proteins. Although their overall impact on NF-kappa B function has yet to be determined, modifications of this factor will very probably provide a mechanism to fine tune NF-kappa B function.
Schmitz
M L
ML
German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Dept of Immunochemistry (G0200), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany. L.Schmitz@DKFZ.de
Bacher
S
S
Kracht
M
M
D001665:Binding Sites; D004247:DNA / Q000378:metabolism; D020672:I-kappa B Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism*; D010766:Phosphorylation; D015398:Signal Transduction; D015533:Transcriptional Activation
D020672:I-kappa B Proteins; D016328:NF-kappa B; D004247:DNA