Assessment of utilities and health-related quality of life in patients with chronic liver disease.
OBJECTIVE
Quantitative measures of the value patients place on the state of their health is crucial to understanding their experience, and to calculate quality-adjusted years of life for economic analyses. Patients' values in chronic liver disease remain unexplored, although experts' estimates of utilities have been examined. Our study tests the validity of a widely used utility measure in chronic liver disease and, if valid, establishes the decrement in health-related quality associated with chronic liver disease.


METHODS
A total of 120 patients with chronic liver disease participated in the study (age 50 +/- 10 yr; men 53%; cirrhosis 51%, chronic viral hepatitis 51%, and chronic cholestatic liver disease 30%). All patients completed three instruments: Health Utility Index Mark 2 (scores 0-1), Short Form-36 (scale scores 0-100), and a disease-specific health-related quality of life instrument (Chronic Liver Disease Questionnaire; scores 1-7).


RESULTS
We found a moderate to strong correlation between scores on the three measures and that impairment worsened as the severity of disease worsened. Patients without cirrhosis and those with Child's A cirrhosis showed substantial decrement in utilities (0.82 and 0.83, respectively) in the range of patients surviving brain tumor. Those with Child's B and C showed a greater decrement (0.67 and 0.56) that was in the range experienced by patients who survive a stroke (0.67). Utilities assessed by Health Utility Index Mark 2 differed substantially from estimates by "expert."


CONCLUSIONS
We conclude that utilities should be based on patient reports and that the data from this study can inform economic analyses in studies of patients with chronic liver disease.
Department of Gastroenterology, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Ohio, USA.
Z M
ZM
Younossi
N
N
Boparai
M
M
McCormick
L L
LL
Price
G
G
Guyatt
D002908:Chronic Disease; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008107:Liver Diseases / Q000191:economics / Q000523:psychology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018579:Patient Selection; D011788:Quality of Life; D019057:Quality-Adjusted Life Years; D018434:Sickness Impact Profile; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires