Prenatal cigarette smoke exposure selectively alters protein kinase C and nitric oxide synthase expression within the neonatal rat brainstem.
Maternal smoking is a major risk factor for sudden infant death syndrome. Protein kinase C (PKC) and neuronal nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activities within the dorsocaudal brainstem (DB) mediate critical components of respiratory drive and could be implicated in SIDS. Thus, exposure to smoking during fetal life could modify the expression of these kinases in the DB. Rats were exposed to cigarette smoke or room air (Sham) from day 2 to 22 of pregnancy. Immunoblots of DB lysates at 2 days postnatally revealed no differences in PKC-alpha, PKC-beta, and endothelial NOS expression. However, PKC-gamma, PKC-delta, and neuronal NOS immunoreactivities were reduced in the cigarette smoke group. We conclude that gestational smoking is associated with selective reductions in PKC and NOS isoforms within the DB, which could decrease respiratory drive and lead to enhanced hypoxic vulnerability in infants of smoking mothers.
Division of Neonatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Calgary, Faculty of Medicine, Calgary, Canada.
S U
SU
Hasan
N
N
Simakajornboon
Y
Y
MacKinnon
D
D
Gozal
D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D002534:Hypoxia, Brain / Q000378:metabolism; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000378:metabolism*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; D011493:Protein Kinase C / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012125:Respiratory Center / Q000196:embryology / Q000201:enzymology*; D012907:Smoking / Q000378:metabolism*; D013398:Sudden Infant Death / Q000209:etiology
D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D011493:Protein Kinase C