Effect of glucagon-like peptide-1(7-36)-amide on initial splanchnic glucose uptake and insulin action in humans with type 1 diabetes.
In vitro studies indicate that glucagon-like peptide-1(7-36)-amide (GLP-1) can enhance hepatic glucose uptake. To determine whether GLP-1 increases splanchnic glucose uptake in humans, we studied seven subjects with type 1 diabetes on two occasions. On both occasions, glucose was maintained at approximately 5.5 mmo/l during the night using a variable insulin infusion. On the morning of the study, a somatostatin, glucagon, and growth hormone infusion was started to maintain basal hormone levels. Glucose (containing [3H]glucose) was infused via an intraduodenal tube at a rate of 20 micromol.kg(-1).min(-1). Insulin concentrations were increased to approximately 500 pmol/l while glucose was clamped at approximately 8.8 mmol/l for the next 4 h by means of a variable intravenous glucose infusion labeled with [6,6-2H2]glucose. Surprisingly, the systemic appearance of intraduodenally infused glucose was higher (P = 0.01) during GLP-1 infusion than saline infusion, indicating a lower (P < 0.05) rate of initial splanchnic glucose uptake (1.4 +/- 1.5 vs. 4.8 +/- 0.8 micromol.kg(-1).min(-1)). On the other hand, flux through the hepatic uridine-diphosphate- glucose pool did not differ between study days (14.2 +/- 5.5 vs. 13.0 +/- 4.2 micromol.kg(-1).min(-1)), implying equivalent rates of glycogen synthesis. GLP-1 also impaired (P < 0.05) insulin-induced suppression of endogenous glucose production (6.9 +/- 2.9 vs. 1.3 +/- 1.4 micromol.kg(-1).min(-1)), but caused a time-dependent increase (P < 0.01) in glucose disappearance (93.7 +/- 10.0 vs. 69.3 +/- 6.3 micromol.kg(-1).min(-1); P < 0.01) that was evident only during the final hour of study. We conclude that in the presence of hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, and enterally delivered glucose, GLP-1 increases total body but not splanchnic glucose uptake in humans with type 1 diabetes.
Vella
A
A
Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA.
Shah
P
P
Basu
R
R
Basu
A
A
Camilleri
M
M
Schwenk
F W
FW
Holst
J J
JJ
Rizza
R A
RA
D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D002096:C-Peptide / Q000097:blood; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000378:metabolism*; D004386:Duodenum; D005934:Glucagon / Q000097:blood; D052216:Glucagon-Like Peptide 1; D004763:Glucagon-Like Peptides; D005947:Glucose / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D019382:Human Growth Hormone / Q000097:blood; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000097:blood; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007440:Intubation; D009994:Osmolar Concentration; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014781:Viscera / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism*
D001786:Blood Glucose; D002096:C-Peptide; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007328:Insulin; D010446:Peptide Fragments; C055453:glucagon-like peptide 1 (7-36)amide; D019382:Human Growth Hormone; D004763:Glucagon-Like Peptides; D052216:Glucagon-Like Peptide 1; D005934:Glucagon; D005947:Glucose; D006854:Hydrocortisone