Normal development of the tibiofemoral angle in children: a clinical study of 590 normal subjects from 3 to 17 years of age.
In evaluation of genu varum-genu valgum, tibiofemoral (TF) angle and intercondylar (IC) or intermalleolar (IM) distance are commonly measured. In this study, we determined mean values and normal limits for TF angle and IC/IM distance in 590 normal Turkish children (287 girls and 303 boys) aged from 3 to 17 years using clinical methods. We noted a significantly higher degree of valgus angle than that in previous reports. The maximal mean valgus angle was 9.6 degrees at 7 years for boys and 9.8 degrees at 6 years for girls. These differences were considered racial differences between Turkish children and those of other races. Turkish children, aged between 3 and 17 years, exhibited < or =11 degrees physiologic valgus. A measurable varus angle or a valgus higher than 11 degrees during this period should be considered abnormal.
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey. marazi@selcuk.edu.tr
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D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D005269:Femur / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D006801:Humans; D007719:Knee Joint / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D008297:Male; D012016:Reference Values; D013977:Tibia / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D014421:Turkey; D044465:White People