High-throughput genotyping of thiopurine S-methyltransferase by denaturing HPLC.
BACKGROUND
The thiopurine S:-methyltransferase (TPMT) genetic polymorphism has a significant clinical impact on the toxicity of thiopurine drugs, which are used in the treatment of leukemia and as immunosuppressants. To date, 10 mutant alleles are known that are associated with intermediate or low TPMT activity. To facilitate rapid screening of clinically relevant TPMT mutations, we developed a strategy of high-throughput genotyping by applying denaturing HPLC (DHPLC).


METHODS
To test the specificity and efficiency of the DHPLC method, 98 DNA samples from a selected population of patients receiving thiopurine therapy or with previous thiopurine withdrawal were analyzed for the most frequent mutant TPMT alleles, *2 and *3A, which contain key mutations in exons 5, 7, and 10 to identify clearly different elution profiles. All fragments were examined by direct sequencing. Additionally, to test the sensitivity of DHPLC analysis, genotyping for the *2 and *3A alleles of all 98 DNA samples was performed by PCR-based methods (PCR-restriction fragment polymorphism analysis and allele-specific PCR).


RESULTS
The presence of mutations discriminating for alleles *2, *3A, *3C, and *3D, as well as various silent and intron mutations, were correctly predicted by DHPLC in 100% of the samples as confirmed by direct sequencing. Comparison with PCR-based methods for alleles *2 and *3 produced an agreement of 100% with no false-negative signals.


CONCLUSIONS
DHPLC offers a highly sensitive, rapid, and efficient method for genotyping of the relevant TPMT mutations, discriminating at least for alleles *2 and *3, in clinical and laboratory practice. Additionally, DHPLC allows a simultaneous screening for novel genetic variability in the TPMT gene.
Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Auerbachstrasse 112, D-70376 Stuttgart, Germany.
E
E
Schaeffeler
T
T
Lang
U M
UM
Zanger
M
M
Eichelbaum
M
M
Schwab
D000964:Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic / Q000009:adverse effects; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D015122:Mercaptopurine / Q000009:adverse effects; D008780:Methyltransferases / Q000235:genetics*; D009154:Mutation; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012150:Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length; D015203:Reproducibility of Results
D000964:Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic; D015122:Mercaptopurine; D008780:Methyltransferases; C022745:thiopurine methyltransferase