Systemic immunity and mucosal immunity are induced against human immunodeficiency virus Gag protein in mice by a new hyperattenuated strain of Listeria monocytogenes.
Vaccines designed to control chronic infections by intracellular agents such as human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) require the induction of cell-mediated immune responses to rid the host of pathogen-infected cells. Listeria monocytogenes has characteristics that make it an attractive vaccine vector for use against such infections. Here we show that parenteral immunization with a new highly attenuated strain of this organism provided complete protection against systemic and mucosal challenges with a recombinant vaccinia virus expressing HIV-1 gag. Immunization also generated a strong, long-term memory cytotoxic-T-lymphocyte (CTL) response in spleen, mesenteric lymph nodes, and Peyer's patches directed against the gag protein. Oral immunization with this attenuated strain also produced complete, long-lasting protection against the recombinant virus but only against mucosal virus challenge. Curiously, oral immunization was associated with a transient CTL response in the three lymphoid tissues examined.
Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.
M V
MV
Rayevskaya
F R
FR
Frankel
D016915:AIDS Vaccines; D000818:Animals; D005260:Female; D015683:Gene Products, gag / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000276:immunology*; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D018928:Immunity, Mucosal; D007114:Immunization; D007156:Immunologic Memory; D008089:Listeria monocytogenes / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000472:pathogenicity; D008221:Lymphoid Tissue / Q000276:immunology; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D011995:Recombination, Genetic; D013602:T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic / Q000276:immunology; D014616:Vaccinia virus / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism
D016915:AIDS Vaccines; D015683:Gene Products, gag