A common variant of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (Glu298Asp) is an independent risk factor for carotid atherosclerosis.
OBJECTIVE
Endothelium-derived NO is formed from L-arginine by endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) encoded by the NOS 3 gene on chromosome 7. Because several studies have indicated that NO plays a key role in the development of the atherosclerotic process, we investigated whether common variants in the eNOS gene are associated with an increased risk of plaque on carotid arteries.


METHODS
We studied 375 subjects attending the hypertension center of our institution to be screened for arterial hypertension. The examined subjects were classified according to the presence of carotid plaques (intima-media thickness >/=1.5 mm), and 2 intronic (CA and 27-bp repeats) polymorphisms and 1 exonic (Glu298Asp) polymorphism of the eNOS gene were explored.


RESULTS
Only the Glu298Asp polymorphism of eNOS was associated with the presence of carotid plaques (P:<0.05). In particular, there was an excess of homozygotes for the Asp298 variant among subjects with carotid plaques, whereas the number of subjects who had the Glu298 allele in exon 7 of the eNOS gene was equally distributed in both study groups. Interestingly, the risk of having carotid plaques was increased approximately 3 times in subjects who were homozygotic for the Asp298 variant compared with subjects who were homozygotic for the Glu298 variant and was independent of the other common risk factors (age, blood pressure, and smoking).


CONCLUSIONS
Homozygosity for Asp298, a common variant of the eNOS gene, is an independent risk factor for carotid atherosclerosis in this study population.
Department of Neurocardiology, Neuromed Institute, Pozzilli (Isernia), Italy. lembo@neuromed.it
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Lembo
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De Luca
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Battagli
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Iovino
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Aretini
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Musicco
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Frati
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Pompeo
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Vecchione
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Trimarco
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000483:Alleles; D019943:Amino Acid Substitution; D002339:Carotid Arteries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D002340:Carotid Artery Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics*; D004252:DNA Mutational Analysis; D005091:Exons / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D005787:Gene Frequency; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006720:Homozygote; D006801:Humans; D007558:Italy / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000235:genetics*; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D014463:Ultrasonography
C496314:NOS3 protein, human; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III