External osteotomy in rhinoplasty.
OBJECTIVE
To compare external and internal lateral osteotomy in rhinoplasty.


METHODS
Retrospective review and study on cadavers.


METHODS
One hundred forty-two patients who underwent aesthetic rhinoplasty were examined. The following criteria were taken into consideration: edema and ecchymosis around the eyes, the degree of closure of the roof, symmetry and level of fractures, solidity of the bone pyramid, and any scarring at the access point of the osteotome. In the last 25 patients who had surgery, a nasal endoscopy with optical fibers was carried out to evaluate any damage to the mucosa caused by the 2-mm osteotome. Furthermore, to compare the two routes in vivo, for five of these patients a lateral osteotomy was carried out externally for one side and internally for the other. Lateral osteotomy were performed on five cadavers by an external route on one side and by an internal one on the other. A midface degloving procedure was performed to expose the osteotomy sites.


RESULTS
Edema and ecchymosis were always much less severe in patients who were treated with external osteotomy. The control of the fracture line was always excellent. Endoscopic evaluation and study on cadavers revealed damages to the mucosa caused from the internal osteotomy and a better control of fracture line in external osteotomy.


CONCLUSIONS
External osteotomy is an easy and precise approach. Because the fracture is of a greenstick type, the bone stumps are stable. The reduced bleeding reduces the formation of edemas and ecchymosis around the eyes. The damage to the nasal mucosa is minimal, and the cutaneous scars are virtually invisible a month after surgery.
Giacomarra
V
V
ENT Clinic, Department of Otolaryngology, University of Trieste, Cattinara Hospital, Strada di Fiume, 34100, Italy.
Russolo
M
M
Arnez
Z M
ZM
Tirelli
G
G
D000328:Adult; D004724:Endoscopy; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D010027:Osteotomy / Q000379:methods*; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000209:etiology*; D012225:Rhinoplasty / Q000379:methods*