11Beta-hydroxysteroid-dehydrogenase isoforms: tissue distribution and implications for clinical medicine.
11Beta-hydroxylation is essential for glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid activity of a steroid. The enzyme catalyzing this reaction is termed 11beta-hydroxysteroid-dehydrogenase (11beta-HSD). Two isoenzymes of 11beta-HSD have been characterized in human tissues. Whereas 11beta-HSD-I works mainly as a reductase, 11beta-HSD-II only functions as an oxidizing (inactivating) enzyme for physiological glucocorticoids. Thus, the tissue distribution of both enzymes plays a crucial role for the specific glucocorticoid status of an organ. This review summarizes our knowledge of tissue distribution of both 11beta-HSD isoenzymes, their physiological function and pathophysiological role in certain clinical abnormalities, and their relevance to the metabolism of synthetic glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid compounds.
Diederich
S
S
Department of Endocrinology, Klinikum Benjamin Franklin, Freie Universität Berlin, Germany.
Quinkler
M
M
Burkhardt
P
P
Grossmann
C
C
Bähr
V
V
Oelkers
W
W
D043209:11-beta-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 2; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D006913:Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases / Q000032:analysis* / Q000502:physiology; D015262:Xenobiotics / Q000378:metabolism
D005938:Glucocorticoids; D015262:Xenobiotics; D006913:Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases; D043209:11-beta-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 2; C468387:HSD11B2 protein, human