Epilepsy in children with cerebral palsy.
This article deals with the clinical profile of children with cerebral palsy and epilepsy, and to study the clinical predictors of response to anti-epileptic drugs. It is a prospective hospital based follow-up study. All the children who presented with cerebral palsy and history of seizure (other than neonatal seizures) over a period of one year were included. Seizures were classified according to ILAE classification. An EEG was obtained in all cases. Neuroimaging was done in all patients. Eighty-five patients were studied and followed for minimum of 12 months. Perinatal factors accounted for 62 (72.3%) cases. The motor deficits seen were quadriparesis (n = 64), hemiplegia (n = 12) and diplegia (n = 9). Associated mental retardation was seen in 80.9% patients with quadriparesis. A predominance of generalised epilepsy was seen with generalised tonic clonic seizures (32.9%) followed by mycolonic seizures (30.6%) and localisation related epilepsy (24.7%). The patients with quadriparesis were more likely to have generalised epilepsy and 52.4% of them required two or more anti-epileptic drugs for control of seizures. Patients with hemiplegia had localisation related epilepsy in 83.3% of cases. On multivariate analysis presence of quadriparesis, microcephaly, mental retardation and myoclonic epilepsy were found to predict the poor response to AED. Epilepsy in patients with cerebral palsy is of severe nature and difficult to control. Presence of quadriparesis, mental retardation and myoclonic seizures was predictive of poor response to anti- epileptic drugs.
Department of Pediatrics and Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Lady Hardinge Medical College and Associated Kalawati Saran Children's Hospital and Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, New Delhi, India. gudu@ndf.vanl.net.in
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Aneja
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Ahuja
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Taluja
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Bhatia
D000927:Anticonvulsants / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002547:Cerebral Palsy / Q000150:complications*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004827:Epilepsy / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007194:India / Q000453:epidemiology; D007223:Infant; D016015:Logistic Models; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome
D000927:Anticonvulsants