Vaccination with irradiated cercariae of Schistosoma mansoni preferentially induced the accumulation of interferon-gamma producing T cells in the skin and skin draining lymph nodes of mice.
Cytokine response to schistosomula of Schistosoma mansoni was evaluated in the skin of mice during the initial 72 h following infection. These studies showed a significant increase in the levels of IL-4 and IL-10 message in the skin in areas of cercarial penetration. The IL-4 message was detectable in the skin as early as 8 h after infection and the message for IL-10 appeared from 16 h after infection. However, mRNA for IFN-gamma was undetectable in the skin samples for up to 72 h after infection with normal cercariae. In sharp contrast, vaccination with irradiated cercariae induced IFN-gamma and IL-2 responses in the skin within 24 h. Analysis of the cytokine profile of cells isolated from the skin during these early time points showed that T cells are probably not a source of IL-4 or IL-10 in the skin of mice infected with normal cercariae. However, in vaccinated animals, the majority of the IFN-gamma is derived from skin-residing T cells. In vaccinated animals, responses in the skin were mirrored in the skin-draining lymph nodes as well. Analysis of the CD4/CD8 ratio showed a significant decrease in the skin following vaccination suggesting an increase in CD8+ cells. Interestingly however, when vaccinated animals were challenged with normal cercariae, there was a significant reduction in IFN-gamma response in the skin and its draining lymph nodes. These results show that vaccination with irradiated cercariae of S. mansoni, preferentially induce the accumulation of IFN-gamma producing T cells in the skin and skin-draining lymph nodes of mice.
Kumar
P
P
Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Illinois, Rockford 61107, USA.
Ramaswamy
K
K
D000818:Animals; D016516:CD4-CD8 Ratio; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000276:immunology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012550:Schistosoma mansoni / Q000254:growth & development / Q000276:immunology* / Q000528:radiation effects*; D012555:Schistosomiasis mansoni / Q000276:immunology / Q000469:parasitology / Q000517:prevention & control; D012867:Skin / Q000276:immunology*; D013154:Spleen / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D014611:Vaccination; D014612:Vaccines / Q000276:immunology / Q000528:radiation effects
D016207:Cytokines; D014612:Vaccines; D007371:Interferon-gamma