Modulation of host inflammatory mediators as a treatment strategy for periodontal diseases.
Studies ranging from preclinical animal models to human clinical trials support the basic hypothesis that the inhibition of local arachidonic acid metabolites with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs slows periodontal disease progression. Data on modulation of other host mediators such as cytokines and NO remain restricted to laboratory or preclinical investigations, but appear promising. It is unlikely that such agents, following regulatory approval, will be used ubiquitously in patient populations, but rather may be targeted for at-risk patients. In the emerging field of periodontal medicine, patient cohorts are currently being identified with genetically based inflammatory mediator hyper-responses (48, 49, 68, 115). Such cohorts who respond to the endotoxin challenge posed by periodontitis with a robust release of cytokines or prostaglandins may benefit most in terms of slowing periodontitis progression and potentially improving systemic susceptibility (3, 67).
Department of Periodontology, Center or Oral and Systemic Diseases, Center for Inflammation and Inflammatory Disorders, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.
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D000818:Animals; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001095:Arachidonic Acids / Q000378:metabolism; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D052246:Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018450:Disease Progression; D005480:Flurbiprofen / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D006893:Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic Acids; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D010510:Periodontal Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy*; D011448:Prostaglandin Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases
D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D001095:Arachidonic Acids; D052246:Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors; D006893:Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic Acids; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D007527:Isoenzymes; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D011448:Prostaglandin Antagonists; D005480:Flurbiprofen; C496319:NOS2 protein, human; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; C496540:PTGS2 protein, human; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases