A new cause of renal thrombotic microangiopathy: yttrium 90-DOTATOC internal radiotherapy.
The chelator somatostatin analogue dota-D-phe(1)-tyr(3)-octreotide (DOTATOC), which is stably labeled with the beta-emitting radioisotope yttrium 90 ((90)Y), is used as internal radiotherapy for the treatment of patients with advanced neuroendocrine tumors. We report 5 patients who developed chronic renal failure, caused in 3 patients by biopsy-proven thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA). Twenty-nine patients (14 men, 15 women) with normal renal function before therapy were treated with divided intravenous doses of (90)Y-DOTATOC approximately 6 weeks apart (mean normalized cumulative dose, 165.4 +/- 36.4 mCi/m(2)). Twenty-two of 29 patients were administered a normalized cumulative dose of 200 mCi/m(2) without side effects. Among the 7 patients (6 women, 1 man) administered a normalized cumulative dose greater than 200 mCi/m(2), 5 patients (4 women, 1 man) developed renal failure. Increasing serum creatinine levels were observed within 3 months after the last (90)Y-DOTATOC injection. The evolution was rapidly progressive in 3 patients, resulting in end-stage renal failure within 6 months. The remaining 2 patients developed chronic renal insufficiency (mean serum creatinine level, 300 micromol/L an average 16 months after the end of treatment). Renal biopsies performed in 3 patients showed typical signs of TMA involving glomeruli, arterioles, and small arteries. Patients treated with high-dose (90)Y-DOTATOC internal radiotherapy (cumulative dose > 200 mCi/m(2)) are at high risk to develop severe renal failure caused by TMA lesions. The histopathologic lesions are identical to those found after external radiotherapy, which suggests a causal relationship between (90)Y-DOTATOC and renal TMA.
Moll
S
S
Institute of Pathology, Institute of Nuclear Medicine, and Department of Medicine, University of Basel, Kantonsspital, Switzerland.
Nickeleit
V
V
Mueller-Brand
J
J
Brunner
F P
FP
Maecke
H R
HR
Mihatsch
M J
MJ
D001706:Biopsy; D018278:Carcinoma, Neuroendocrine / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000473:pathology; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000209:etiology; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015282:Octreotide / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011832:Radiation Injuries / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology; D013927:Thrombosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology; D015021:Yttrium Radioisotopes / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use
D015021:Yttrium Radioisotopes; D015282:Octreotide; C106246:Edotreotide