Extreme diversity, conservation, and convergence of spider silk fibroin sequences.
Spiders (Araneae) spin high-performance silks from liquid fibroin proteins. Fibroin sequences from basal spider lineages reveal mosaics of amino acid motifs that differ radically from previously described spider silk sequences. The silk fibers of Araneae are constructed from many protein designs. Yet, the repetitive sequences of fibroins from orb-weaving spiders have been maintained, presumably by stabilizing selection, over 125 million years of evolutionary history. The retention of these conserved motifs since the Mesozoic and their convergent evolution in other structural superproteins imply that these sequences are central to understanding the exceptional mechanical properties of orb weaver silks.
Gatesy
J
J
Department of Molecular Biology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA.
Hayashi
C
C
Motriuk
D
D
Woods
J
J
Lewis
R
R
D020816:Amino Acid Motifs; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D017124:Conserved Sequence; D018076:DNA, Complementary; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D005349:Fibroins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics; D019476:Insect Proteins / Q000737:chemistry; D007915:Lepidoptera / Q000737:chemistry; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010802:Phylogeny; D011506:Proteins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics; D020449:Repetitive Sequences, Amino Acid; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D047011:Silk; D013045:Species Specificity; D013112:Spiders / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics; D013718:Tensile Strength
D018076:DNA, Complementary; C404864:FLAG protein, Nephila; D019476:Insect Proteins; D011506:Proteins; D047011:Silk; C086087:spidroin 1; C076815:spidroin 2; D005349:Fibroins