Gastrin inhibits cholangiocarcinoma growth through increased apoptosis by activation of Ca2+-dependent protein kinase C-alpha.
OBJECTIVE
We determined the role of gastrin in the regulation of cholangiocarcinoma growth.


METHODS
We evaluated for the functional presence of cholecystokinin (CCK)-B/gastrin receptors in the cholangiocarcinoma cell lines, Mz-ChA-1, HuH-28 and TFK-1. We determined the effect of gastrin on the growth of Mz-ChA-1, HuH-28 and TFK-1 cells. We evaluated the effect of gastrin on growth and apoptosis of Mz-ChA-1 in the absence or presence of inhibitors for CCK-A (L-364, 718) and CCK-B/gastrin (L-365, 260) receptors, the intracellular Ca2+ chelator (BAPTA/AM), and the protein kinase C (PKC)-alpha inhibitor, H7. We evaluated if gastrin effects on Mz-ChA-1 growth and apoptosis are associated with membrane translocation of PKC-alpha.


RESULTS
Gastrin inhibited DNA synthesis of Mz-ChA-1, HuH-28 and TFK-1 cells in a dose- and time-dependent fashion. The antiproliferative effect of gastrin on Mz-ChA-1 cells was inhibited by L-365, 260, H7 and BAPTA/AM but not L-364, 718. Gastrin induced membrane translocation of PKC-alpha. The inhibition of growth of Mz-ChA-1 cells by gastrin was associated with increased apoptosis through a PKC-dependent mechanism.


CONCLUSIONS
Gastrin inhibits the growth of Mz-ChA-1, HuH-28 and TFK-1 cells. Gastrin inhibits growth and induces apoptosis in Mz-ChA-1 cells through the Ca2+-dependent PKC-alpha. The data suggest a therapeutic role for gastrin in the modulation of cholangiocarcinoma growth.
Kanno
N
N
Medical Physiology, The Texas A&M University System Health Science Center, College of Medicine, Temple 76504, USA.
Glaser
S
S
Chowdhury
U
U
Phinizy
J L
JL
Baiocchi
L
L
Francis
H
H
LeSage
G
G
Alpini
G
G
D019307:1-(5-Isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-Methylpiperazine / Q000494:pharmacology; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D001570:Benzodiazepinones / Q000494:pharmacology; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D018281:Cholangiocarcinoma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D004533:Egtazic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D005755:Gastrins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000378:metabolism*; D010671:Phenylurea Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology; D011493:Protein Kinase C / Q000378:metabolism*; D051571:Protein Kinase C-alpha; D043886:Receptor, Cholecystokinin A; D043887:Receptor, Cholecystokinin B; D011949:Receptors, Cholecystokinin / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
D001570:Benzodiazepinones; D005755:Gastrins; D007527:Isoenzymes; D010671:Phenylurea Compounds; D043886:Receptor, Cholecystokinin A; D043887:Receptor, Cholecystokinin B; D011949:Receptors, Cholecystokinin; C070379:1,2-bis(2-aminophenoxy)ethane N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid acetoxymethyl ester; C058121:L 365260; D004533:Egtazic Acid; D019307:1-(5-Isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-Methylpiperazine; C496628:PRKCA protein, human; D011493:Protein Kinase C; D051571:Protein Kinase C-alpha