Kinetic and genetic bases for the heteroclitic recognition of mouse cytochrome c by mouse anti-pigeon cytochrome c monoclonal antibodies.
The B lymphocyte response to pigeon cytochrome c (CYT) in BALB/c mice was previously shown to initiate as a heteroclitic response specific for the self antigen mouse CYT. As the immune response progressed, the mAb that were produced became less heteroclitic and often bound pigeon CYT with higher affinity than they bound mouse CYT [Minnerath, J. et al., 1995. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 92, 12379-12383]. To study the basis for heterocliticity and its loss in this system, the H and L chain amino acid sequences of anti-pigeon CYT mAb obtained from the primary and secondary Ab responses were first compared. The most frequent somatic mutations and Ig gene joints were then introduced into an engineered single-chain Fv (scFv) that expressed the germline-encoded V(H) and V(L) amino acid sequences. The effects of those changes on the on- rate, off-rate, and affinity constants in binding both mouse and pigeon CYT were determined by surface plasmon resonance. In this system, the heterocliticity of primary mAb was largely due to a decreased on-rate constant for binding pigeon CYT relative to mouse CYT. Various combinations of the three frequently occurring H chain somatic mutations (H31, H56, and H58) increased the on-rate constant to maximal levels. Only one of the mutations (H58) decreased the off-rate constant when in combination with the other mutations and the effect of H58 was greater for scFv binding mouse CYT than pigeon CYT. Consequently, the mutated scFv and many secondary mAb remained heteroclitic, although their affinities for pigeon CYT increased. Secondary mAb that were no longer heteroclitic expressed non-canonical amino acid sequences in the V(H)-D-J(H) joint in the context of the canonical V genes or expressed different V genes. In addition to providing insight into the molecular basis for heterocliticity, our findings confirm that both faster on-rate and slower off-rate constants are favored during affinity maturation of the Ab response.
Liu
J
J
Department of Microbiology and Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Box 196 Mayo Building, 420 Delaware St. S.E., Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
Minnerath
J M
JM
Nelson
R D
RD
Mueller
C M
CM
Jemmerson
R
R
D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D001402:B-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D001483:Base Sequence; D010856:Columbidae; D003574:Cytochrome c Group / Q000276:immunology*; D005260:Female; D007143:Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D007135:Immunoglobulin Variable Region / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D007700:Kinetics; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009154:Mutation; D011817:Rabbits; D051381:Rats
D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D003574:Cytochrome c Group; D007143:Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains; D007135:Immunoglobulin Variable Region