Intranasal lidocaine for migraine: a randomized trial and open-label follow-up.
OBJECTIVE
To study the efficacy of intranasal lidocaine for the treatment of migraine when administered by subjects in a nonclinic setting.


METHODS
A 1-month, randomized, controlled, double-blind trial, followed by a 6-month open-label follow-up.


METHODS
Ambulatory subjects treating themselves outside of a medical setting.


METHODS
One hundred thirty-one adult subjects with migraine, diagnosed according to International Headache Society criteria, were enrolled in the study: 113 treated at least one headache in the controlled trial, and 74 treated at least one headache in the open-label phase. All subjects were members of the Kaiser Permanente Southern California Medical Care Program and were recruited at two urban medical centers.


METHODS
Intranasal lidocaine 4% or saline placebo 0.5 mL was dropped into the nostril on the side of the headache, or bilaterally for bilateral headache, according to study protocol.


METHODS
Trial: percent of headaches relieved to mild or none at 15 minutes and relapse of headache within 24 hours. Open-label: percent of headaches relieved to mild or none at 15 and 30 minutes and relapse within 24 hours.


RESULTS
In the controlled trial, headache was relieved within 15 minutes in 34 (35.8%) of 95 subjects treated with 4% intranasal lidocaine compared with 8 (7.4%) of 108 subjects receiving placebo (P < .001). Headaches relapsed in 7 (20.6%) of 34 subjects treated with 4% intranasal lidocaine compared to 0 of 8 placebo subjects (P = .312). In the open-label follow-up, headaches were relieved in 129 (41.2%) of 313 episodes within 15 minutes and in 141 (57.6%) of 245 episodes after 30 minutes. Headaches relapsed in 28 (19.9%) of 140. The response did not diminish over time: 32 (62.8%) of 51 first headaches were relieved at 30 minutes and 10 (71.4%) of 14 seventh headaches were relieved. Relapse occurred in 28 (20%) [corrected] of 129 headaches at a mean time (+/- SD) of 7.4 (+/- 6.6) hours.


CONCLUSIONS
Intranasal lidocaine 4% provides rapid relief of migraine symptoms. For those subjects who do respond, the effect does not diminish over 6-month follow-up.
Department of Family Practice, Southern California Permanente Medical Group, Woodland Hills, CA, USA.
M
M
Maizels
A M
AM
Geiger
D000281:Administration, Intranasal; D000328:Adult; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008012:Lidocaine / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008881:Migraine Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy*; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D008012:Lidocaine