Raxofelast, a hydrophilic vitamin E-like antioxidant, stimulates wound healing in genetically diabetic mice.
BACKGROUND
Impaired wound healing is a well-documented phenomenon in experimental and clinical diabetes. Emerging evidence favors the involvement of free radicals in the pathogenesis of diabetes-related healing deficit. This study assessed the effect of systemic administration of raxofelast, a protective membrane antioxidant agent, on wound healing by using healing-impaired (db/db) mice.


METHODS
The wound healing effect of raxofelast was investigated by using an incisional skin-wound model produced on the back of female diabetic C57BL/KsJ db+/db+ mice and their healthy littermates (db+/+m). Animals were then randomized to the following treatment: raxofelast (15 mg/kg/d intraperitoneally) or its vehicle (dimethyl sulfoxide/sodium chloride 0.9%, 1:1, vol/vol). The animals were killed on different days, and the wounded skin tissues were used for histologic evaluation and for analysis of malondialdehyde (MDA) level and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, wound breaking strength, and collagen content.


RESULTS
Diabetic mice showed delayed wound healing together with low collagen content, breaking strength, and increased MDA levels and MPO activity when compared with their healthy littermates. The administration of raxofelast did not modify the process of wound repair in healthy (db/+) mice, but significantly improved impaired wound healing in diabetic mice through the stimulation of angiogenesis, reepithelialization, synthesis, and maturation of extracellular matrix. Furthermore, raxofelast treatment significantly reduced MDA levels, MPO activity, and increased the breaking strength and collagen content of the wound.


CONCLUSIONS
The current study provides evidence that raxofelast restores wound healing to nearly normal levels in experimental diabetes-impaired wounds and suggests that an increased lipid peroxidation in diabetic mice may have a role in determining a defect of wound repair.
Galeano
M
M
Department of Plastic Surgery, University Hospital, University of Messina, ViaScite, 23 I-98124 Messina, Italy.
Torre
V
V
Deodato
B
B
Campo
G M
GM
Colonna
M
M
Sturiale
A
A
Squadrito
F
F
Cavallari
V
V
Cucinotta
D
D
Buemi
M
M
Altavilla
D
D
D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001572:Benzofurans / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D006909:Hydroxyproline / Q000378:metabolism; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008817:Mice, Mutant Strains; D009195:Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D012867:Skin / Q000187:drug effects / Q000293:injuries / Q000378:metabolism; D014810:Vitamin E / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology
D000975:Antioxidants; D001572:Benzofurans; D014810:Vitamin E; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D009195:Peroxidase; D006909:Hydroxyproline; C071049:Raxofelast