Breast cancer screening among Hmong women in California.
BACKGROUND
Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer incidence and mortality among Asian American and Pacific Islander (AAPI) women in the United States. Hmong women are among those at the highest risk for health problems, due to high rates of poverty, language isolation, and cultural barriers.


METHODS
One-on-one survey interviews were completed with 201 Hmong women aged 20 years and older in Fresno, Long Beach, Orange County, and San Diego to determine their breast cancer screening behaviors--breast self-examination (BSE), clinical breast examination (CBE), and mammography.


RESULTS
Overall, 51% of all respondents had ever performed BSE. Among respondents aged 40 or older, 52% had ever had a CBE and only 30% had ever had mammography.


CONCLUSIONS
Significant correlates of CBE and mammography screening are presented, and implications of findings for research and education are discussed.
Tanjasiri
S P
SP
School of Social Ecology, University of California, Irvine, USA.
Kagawa-Singer
M
M
Foo
M A
MA
Chao
M
M
Linayao-Putman
I
I
Lor
Y C
YC
Xiong
Y
Y
Moua
M
M
Nguyen
J
J
Vang
X
X
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001213:Asian / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D016504:Breast Self-Examination / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D002140:California / Q000208:ethnology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008403:Mass Screening / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008875:Middle Aged; D010808:Physical Examination / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D016387:Women's Health