S100A7, S100A10, and S100A11 are transglutaminase substrates.
S100 proteins are a family of 10-14 kDa EF-hand-containing calcium binding proteins that function to transmit calcium-dependent cell regulatory signals. S100 proteins have no intrinsic enzyme activity but bind in a calcium-dependent manner to target proteins to modulate target protein function. Transglutaminases are enzymes that catalyze the formation of covalent epsilon-(gamma-glutamyl)lysine bonds between protein-bound glutamine and lysine residues. In the present study we show that transglutaminase-dependent covalent modification is a property shared by several S100 proteins and that both type I and type II transglutaminases can modify S100 proteins. We further show that the reactive regions are at the solvent-exposed amino- and carboxyl-terminal ends of the protein, regions that specify S100 protein function. We suggest that transglutaminase-dependent modification is a general mechanism designed to regulate S100 protein function.
Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, 2109 Adelbert Road, Cleveland, Ohio 44106-4970, USA.
M
M
Ruse
A
A
Lambert
N
N
Robinson
D
D
Ryan
K J
KJ
Shon
R L
RL
Eckert
D016475:3T3 Cells; D000818:Animals; D017302:Annexins / Q000378:metabolism*; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D002135:Calcium-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004817:Epidermis / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism; D019204:GTP-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D005973:Glutamine / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D015603:Keratinocytes / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism; D008239:Lysine / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D000091345:Protein Glutamine gamma Glutamyltransferase 2; D011565:Psoriasis / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism; D011700:Putrescine / Q000378:metabolism; D000075023:S100 Calcium Binding Protein A7; D009418:S100 Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D013379:Substrate Specificity; D013552:Swine; D011503:Transglutaminases / Q000378:metabolism*
D017302:Annexins; D002135:Calcium-Binding Proteins; D000075023:S100 Calcium Binding Protein A7; D009418:S100 Proteins; C089242:S100A7 protein, human; D005973:Glutamine; C072337:S100A11 protein, human; D000091345:Protein Glutamine gamma Glutamyltransferase 2; D011503:Transglutaminases; D019204:GTP-Binding Proteins; D008239:Lysine; D002118:Calcium; D011700:Putrescine