Experimental approaches and drugs in development for the treatment of dementia.
Treatment of dementia can be divided as symptomatic treatment of cognitive or non-cognitive symptoms and the treatment of underlying pathology. In the last decade the thrust of symptomatic treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD) has been enhancement of cholinergic transmission. Besides the acetycholinesterase inhibitors (AChE-I) currently in use, cholinergic agonists and enhancers are in development. Other therapeutic approaches directed towards neurotransmitter substitution or modulation include serotoninergic, noradrenergic substances, neuropeptides and those acting via excitatory amino acid receptors, such as ampakines or NMDA antagonists. Introduction of atypical neuroleptics represents the most recent development in the treatment of behavioural symptoms. Efforts to treat the underlying pathology are based on modulation of APP processing in order to decrease the accumulation of beta-amyloid, those to decrease tau hyperphosphorylation, use of nerve growth factors and those based on Apo-E modulation. Potential use of oestrogens and NSAIDs are also under investigation. Recently, vaccination with amyloid-beta peptide has been reported to be effective in an animal model of AD, this putative vaccine is now in clinical trials. Likewise, recent studies suggest that some statins may have a prophylactic effect.
Emre
M
M
Istanbul Medical School, Department of Neirology, Capa/Istanbul, Turkey. muratemre@superonline.com
Qizilbash
N
N
D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000188:drug therapy*; D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D003704:Dementia / Q000188:drug therapy*; D018690:Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018691:Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D018377:Neurotransmitter Agents / Q000502:physiology; D018697:Nootropic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use
D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides; D018690:Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists; D018691:Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; D018377:Neurotransmitter Agents; D018697:Nootropic Agents