Oestrogens and oestrogenic activity in raw and treated water in Severn Trent Water.
Sewage effluent discharged to surface water has been shown to contain human hormones, particularly oestrogens, and synthetic chemicals which may be able to disrupt the endocrine system. Since many surface waters which receive sewage effluent are subsequently used as drinking water sources, it is important to demonstrate that treated drinking water is not contaminated. Oestrogenic activity in rivers and drinking water in the region of Severn Trent Water was studied using a combination of bioassay, to integrate exposure over time, and advanced chemical analysis. There was little or no evidence of substances that were oestrogenic, even in waters receiving significant amounts of sewage effluent. Oestrogenic activity, as measured in the rainbow trout vitellogenin assay, was seen at the Tame/Trent confluence but this activity was relatively weak. There was no activity detected at raw water intakes and no hormones or substances that are oestrogenic were detected in the final drinking water.
WRc-NSF Ltd., Henley Road, Medmenham, Marlow Bucks SL7 2HD, UK. fawell@warren-associates.co.uk
J K
JK
Fawell
D
D
Sheahan
H A
HA
James
M
M
Hurst
S
S
Scott
D000818:Animals; D001681:Biological Assay; D004739:England; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay / Q000379:methods; D004958:Estradiol / Q000032:analysis; D004967:Estrogens / Q000032:analysis*; D004970:Estrone / Q000032:analysis; D004997:Ethinyl Estradiol / Q000032:analysis; D005618:Fresh Water / Q000032:analysis*; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D017686:Oncorhynchus mykiss; D011863:Radioimmunoassay / Q000379:methods; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012722:Sewage; D013242:Sterilization / Q000379:methods; D014462:Ultrafiltration / Q000379:methods; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis; D018508:Water Purification; D014881:Water Supply
D004967:Estrogens; D012722:Sewage; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D004970:Estrone; D004997:Ethinyl Estradiol; D004958:Estradiol