Effect of gestational age and hypoxia on activity of ribonucleic acid polymerase in fetal guinea pig brain.
OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study was to determine the effect of gestational age and hypoxia on the activity of ribonucleic acid polymerase in fetal guinea pig brain.


METHODS
Fetal cerebral cortical neuronal nuclei were isolated at 40, 50, and 60 days (term) of gestation to determine the effect of gestational age on the activity of ribonucleic acid polymerase I, II, and III. Pregnant guinea pigs at 60 days' gestation were randomly assigned to a normoxic or hypoxic group to determine the effect of hypoxia on ribonucleic acid polymerase activity. The fetal neuronal nuclei were pooled from 6 pregnant animals in each group. In the normoxic group the pregnant guinea pigs were exposed to room air before delivery. In the hypoxic group delivery occurred after the pregnant guinea pig had been exposed to 7% oxygen for 60 minutes. The fetuses were delivered by cesarean, and the fetal cerebral cortical neuronal nuclei were isolated immediately. Ribonucleic acid polymerase activity was determined with nuclei suspended in a buffer containing adenosine triphosphate, guanosine triphosphate, cytidine triphosphate, and tritiated uridine triphosphate. Dactinomycin (actinomycin D) and polydeoxyadenylic-thymidylic acid were used to determine the activity of bound and free ribonucleic acid polymerase. alpha-Amanitin was used to determine the activity of ribonucleic acid polymerase II.


RESULTS
The activity of total (bound and free) ribonucleic acid polymerase I and III increased from 85.4 +/- 9.4 fmol of tritiated uridine triphosphate incorporated per milligram of protein per hour at 40 days' gestation to 233.3 +/- 82.1 fmol at 50 days and to 343.4 +/- 231.6 fmol at 60 days (P =.02). Total ribonucleic acid polymerase II activity increased from 19.9 +/- 6.0 fmol of tritiated uridine triphosphate incorporated per milligram of protein per hour at 40 days to 123.8 +/- 53.0 fmol at 50 days and to 200.9 +/- 77.8 fmol at 60 days (P <.01). In the term fetal guinea pig brain the activity of bound ribonucleic acid polymerase I and III decreased from 116.8 +/- 107.2 fmol of tritiated uridine triphosphate incorporated per milligram of protein per hour under normoxic conditions to 92.8 +/- 76.0 fmol in hypoxic fetal brain, a decrease of 20.5%. Free ribonucleic acid polymerase I and III activity decreased from 199.2 +/- 115.2 fmol of tritiated uridine triphosphate incorporated per milligram of protein per hour in normoxic fetal brain to 132.0 +/- 66.4 fmol in hypoxic fetal brain, a decrease of 33.8%. Free ribonucleic acid polymerase II activity decreased from 62.4 +/- 70.4 fmol of tritiated uridine triphosphate incorporated per milligram of protein per hour in normoxic fetuses to 13.6 +/- 9.6 fmol in hypoxic fetal brain, a decrease of 78.2%. In contrast, however, in term fetal guinea pig brain, bound ribonucleic acid polymerase II activity increased from 8.0 +/- 10.4 fmol of tritiated uridine triphosphate incorporated per milligram of protein per hour under normoxic conditions to 35.2 +/- 8.8 fmol in hypoxic fetal brain, an increase of 340% (P <.01).


CONCLUSIONS
The activity of ribonucleic acid polymerases I, II, and III increases throughout the latter half of gestation, from 40 to 60 days, in the fetal guinea pig brain. Hypoxia in utero is associated with a decrease in ribonucleic acid polymerase I and III activity. Although hypoxia is associated with a decrease in free ribonucleic acid polymerase II activity, we observed a marked increase in bound ribonucleic acid polymerase II activity, which may represent a hypoxia-induced alteration of gene expression.
Graham
E M
EM
Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287-1228, USA.
Kubin
J A
JA
Zubrow
A
A
Mishra
O P
OP
Delivoria-Papadopoulos
M
M
D000546:Amanitins / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000196:embryology* / Q000201:enzymology; D012321:DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D005311:Fetal Hypoxia / Q000201:enzymology*; D005865:Gestational Age; D006168:Guinea Pigs; D011247:Pregnancy; D012318:RNA Polymerase I / Q000378:metabolism; D012319:RNA Polymerase II / Q000378:metabolism; D012320:RNA Polymerase III / Q000378:metabolism; D014316:Tritium; D014544:Uridine Triphosphate / Q000378:metabolism
D000546:Amanitins; D014316:Tritium; D012319:RNA Polymerase II; D012321:DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases; D012318:RNA Polymerase I; D012320:RNA Polymerase III; D014544:Uridine Triphosphate