Autotransplantation procedure for giant left atrium repair.
BACKGROUND
Giant left atrium has been associated with bronchopulmonary and left ventricular compression [Kawazoe 1983].


METHODS
We present a patient with severe congestive heart failure (CHF), respiratory insufficiency and a giant left atrium (GLA) following two previous mitral valve procedures and tricuspid valve annuloplasty in the distant past. Mitral prosthetic function and ventricular systolic function were felt to be normal leading to a tentative diagnosis of diastolic restriction from left ventricular compression and pericardial constriction. A pericardial decortication procedure through left thoracotomy was initially done but proved ineffective. Subsequently, full evidence of hemodynamic failure due to the giant left atrium and its respiratory complication was recognized and the patient underwent cardiac autotransplantation procedure [Kosak 1987], with the aim to reduce the left atrial dimensions to normal.


CONCLUSIONS
Calcification of posterior left atrial wall prevented a completely satisfactory reduction of atrial size and the severity of ventricular adhesions from the previous pericardial procedure resulted in very long cardiopulmonary bypass time with severe bleeding complications. This case provides ample evidence that GLA can cause respiratory failure and needs to be surgically corrected.
Livi
U
U
Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery and Transplantation Unit, University of Padova, Via Giustinani 2, 35128 Padua, Italy.
Rizzoli
G
G
D006328:Cardiac Catheterization; D006332:Cardiomegaly / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery*; D017548:Echocardiography, Transesophageal; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006325:Heart Atria / Q000601:surgery*; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis; D016027:Heart Transplantation / Q000379:methods*; D006350:Heart Valve Prosthesis; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008944:Mitral Valve Insufficiency / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery; D012086:Reoperation; D012131:Respiratory Insufficiency / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D014182:Transplantation, Autologous; D016896:Treatment Outcome