Identification of transcriptional enhancer factor-4 as a transcriptional modulator of CTP:phosphocholine cytidylyltransferase alpha.
CTP:phosphocholine cytidylyltransferase (CCT) is the rate-limiting and regulated enzyme of mammalian phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis. There are three isoforms, CCTalpha, CCTbeta1, and CCTbeta2. The mouse CCTalpha gene promoter is regulated by an enhancer element (Eb) located between -103 and -82 base pairs (5'-GTTTTCAGGAATGCGGAGGTGG-3') upstream from the transcriptional start site (Bakovic, M., Waite, K., Tang, W., Tabas, I., and Vance, D. E. (1999) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1436, 147-165). To identify the Eb-binding protein(s), we screened a mouse embryo cDNA library by the yeast one-hybrid system and obtained 19 positive clones. Ten cDNA clones were identified as transcriptional enhancer factor-4 (TEF-4). The TEF-binding consensus sequence, 5'-(A/T)(A/G)(A/G)(A/T)ATG(C/T)(G/A)-3', was identified within the Eb binding region. Gel-shift analysis using radiolabeled Eb fragment as a probe showed that cell extracts from yeast expressing hemagglutinin-tagged TEF-4 caused a marked band retardation that could be prevented with an anti-hemagglutinin antibody. When COS-7 cells were transfected with TEF-4, CCTalpha promoter-luciferase reporter activity and CCTalpha mRNA levels increased. A TEF-4 deletion mutant containing a DNA-binding domain, mTEA(+), stimulated the CCTalpha promoter activity, whereas protein lacking the DNA binding domain, mTEA(-), did not. Unexpectedly, when the ATG core of the TEF-4 binding consensus within the Eb region was mutated, promoter activity was enhanced rather than decreased. Thus, TEF-4 might act as a dual transcriptional modulator as follows: as a suppressor via its direct binding to the Eb element and as an activator via its interactions with the basal transcriptional machinery. These results provide the first evidence that TEF-4 is an important regulator of CCTalpha gene expression.
Sugimoto
H
H
Department of Biochemistry, Gunma University School of Medicine, Maebashi 371-8511, Japan.
Bakovic
M
M
Yamashita
S
S
Vance
D E
DE
D016475:3T3 Cells; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D019556:COS Cells; D019916:Choline-Phosphate Cytidylyltransferase / Q000378:metabolism*; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D018076:DNA, Complementary; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D000091262:TEA Domain Transcription Factors; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism*
D018076:DNA, Complementary; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D000091262:TEA Domain Transcription Factors; C486310:Tead2 protein, mouse; D014157:Transcription Factors; D019916:Choline-Phosphate Cytidylyltransferase