Phosphoinositide 3-kinase signalling pathways.
Phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3Ks) phosphorylate the 3'-OH position of the inositol ring of inositol phospholipids, producing three lipid products: PtdIns(3)P, PtdIns(3,4)P(2) and PtdIns(3,4,5)P(3). These lipids bind to the pleckstrin homology (PH) domains of proteins and control the activity and subcellular localisation of a diverse array of signal transduction molecules. Three major classes of signalling molecule are regulated by binding of D-3 phosphoinositides to PH domains: guanine-nucleotide-exchange proteins for Rho family GTPases, the TEC family tyrosine kinases such as BTK and ITK in B and T lymphocytes, respectively, and the AGC superfamily of serine/threonine protein kinases. These molecules are activated by a variety of extracellular stimuli and have been implicated in a wide range of cellular processes, including cell cycle progression, cell growth, cell motility, cell adhesion and cell survival.
Cantrell
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DA
Lymphocyte Activation Laboratory, Imperial Cancer Research Fund, London, WC2A 3PX, UK. d.cantrell@icrf.icnet.uk
D000818:Animals; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D005246:Feedback / Q000502:physiology; D019204:GTP-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D006150:Guanine Nucleotides / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D020033:Protein Isoforms / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology*
D002352:Carrier Proteins; D019204:GTP-Binding Proteins; D006150:Guanine Nucleotides; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; D020033:Protein Isoforms; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases