Pain management in the special operations environment: regional anesthetics.
Pain relief is an essential component of combat casualty care. For the injured soldier, analgesia is not only a matter of comfort. Alleviating pain may allow the soldier to remain quiet when noise discipline is at a premium. It may also allow that person to continue to move, thus avoiding detection and potentially permitting the mission to carry on. Regional anesthetics provide an alternative to systemic medications and thus may avoid a clouded sensorium, limit narcotic administration, and provide superior pain relief. Standard local anesthetics and newer agents with potential field applicability are discussed along with their side effect profiles. Simple nerve block techniques that can be used by Army Special Forces medics, Navy SEAL and Reconnaissance corpsmen, and Air Force pararescuemen in the far forward environment are described step by step. The advantages of these regional anesthetic methods should make their use a must for every special operations medical care provider.
Calkins
M D
MD
Department of Resuscitative Medicine, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA.
Kuzma
P J
PJ
Larkin
T M
TM
Green
D L
DL
D000337:Aerospace Medicine / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008887:Military Medicine / Q000379:methods*; D008889:Military Personnel; D009326:Naval Medicine / Q000379:methods*; D009407:Nerve Block / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D010146:Pain / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D014481:United States; D014857:Warfare; D014947:Wounds and Injuries / Q000150:complications*