Selected statistical issues in group randomized trials.
Group randomized trials (GRTs) in public health research typically use a small number of randomized groups with a relatively large number of participants per group. Two fundamental features characterize GRTs: a positive correlation of outcomes within a group, and the small number of groups. Appropriate consideration of these fundamental features is essential for design and analysis. This paper presents the fundamental features of GRTs and the importance of considering these features in design and analysis. It also reviews and contrasts the main analytic methods proposed for GRTs, emphasizing the assumptions required to make these methods valid and efficient. Also discussed are various design issues, along with guidelines for choosing among them. A real data example illustrates these issues and methods.
Feng
Z
Z
Cancer Prevention Research Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Ave.N. MP-702, Seattle, Washington 98109-1024, USA. zfeng@fhcrc.org
Diehr
P
P
Peterson
A
A
McLerran
D
D
D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D016555:Matched-Pair Analysis; D015233:Models, Statistical; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012107:Research Design; D018401:Sample Size