Enhanced expression of fractalkine in HIV-1 associated dementia.
The CX(3)C chemokine fractalkine was found to be up-regulated in the brain during inflammatory processes. In this study, we tried to assess the role of fractalkine in HIV-1-associated dementia. Fractalkine expression is up-regulated in the brains of AIDS patients with HAD. Fractalkine immunoreactivity was mainly detected in astrocytes. In addition, fractalkine expression was found to be up-regulated in cocultures of astrocytes and HIV-infected macrophages. This up-regulation was dependent on cell-cell contact. We propose that fractalkine produced during interactions between astrocytes and HIV-infected macrophages plays a role in HAD by regulating the trafficking of monocytic cells in the brain parenchyma.
Pereira
C F
CF
Neuroimmunology Section, Eijkman-Winkler Institute, University Medical Center, HpG04.614, Heidelberglaan 100, NL-3584 CX, Utrecht, Netherlands. C.F.Pereira@lab.azu.nl
Middel
J
J
Jansen
G
G
Verhoef
J
J
Nottet
H S
HS
D015526:AIDS Dementia Complex / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001253:Astrocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D002448:Cell Adhesion / Q000276:immunology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D054428:Chemokine CX3CL1; D020523:Chemokines, CX3C; D019743:Chemokines, CXC / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D018920:Coculture Techniques; D005260:Female; D015497:HIV-1; D006801:Humans; D008264:Macrophages / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000821:virology; D008297:Male; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D008875:Middle Aged; D009000:Monocytes / Q000166:cytology; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D015854:Up-Regulation
C515538:CX3CL1 protein, human; D054428:Chemokine CX3CL1; D020523:Chemokines, CX3C; D019743:Chemokines, CXC; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger