A theoretical model of the effect of continuum damage on a bone adaptation model.
Throughout life, bone is continuously turning over by the well-regulated processes of bone formation and resorption. Everyday activities damage bone, and this damage is normally repaired in a continuous remodelling process. When an imbalance in this remodelling process occurs, bones may become more susceptible to fracture. This paper is devoted to a theoretical modelling of the competition between damage and internal remodelling in bones. The general theory of adaptive damaged-elastic materials proposed here as a model for the physiological process of damaged-bone remodelling follows the general framework of continuum thermodynamics where new damaged-bone remodelling law and associated thermodynamical restrictions are stated, and specialized to the case of small strain in isothermal processes. An attempt is also made to derive: (a) the damage force (adaptive damage energy release rate ) which controls the microcracks propagation and arrest, and (b) the damage rule by introducing damage thresholds and loading/unloading conditions.
Laboratoire de Mécanique Physique/CNRS ESA 7052, Faculté des Sciences et Technologie, Université Paris Val de Marne, 61, avenue du général De Gaulle, 94010 Creteil Cedex, France. ramtani@univ-paris12.fr
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D000222:Adaptation, Physiological / Q000502:physiology*; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D016723:Bone Remodeling; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000293:injuries* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004734:Energy Metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008954:Models, Biological; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D013816:Thermodynamics