Validation and use of an instrument to measure the learning environment as perceived by medical students.
BACKGROUND
Aiming to inform curriculum changes in medical school, we developed, administered, and validated a 31-question survey to measure the learning environment as perceived by medical students.


METHODS
We administered the survey annually in 4 medical school classes in a Southeastern medical school from May 1994 through May 1997 (N = 619).


RESULTS
The survey responses reflected 3 dimensions of the medical school learning environment: the teacher-learner relationship (T-L R), the physician-patient relationship (Phys-Pt R), and self-efficacy. We found that the 3 dimensions are equally valid and reliable for all students, but that the mean values on all 3 dimensions differed by year in school and number of survey responses.


CONCLUSIONS
As students progress through school, they perceive deteriorating T-L Rs, feel diminishing self-efficacy, and accord less value to the Phys-Pt R. Based on these results, we developed training programs for faculty members to promote teaching attributes known to facilitate relationship formation between teacher and learner, and learner-centered and self-directed learning.
National Center of Leadership in Academic Medicine, Office of Faculty Development, Brody 2E-67, Moye Boulevard, East Carolina University School of Medicine, Greenville, NC 27858, USA. pololil@mail.ecu.edu
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D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D003625:Data Collection / Q000379:methods; D004504:Education, Medical, Undergraduate; D006801:Humans; D007858:Learning; D010817:Physician-Patient Relations; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D020377:Self Efficacy; D013337:Students, Medical / Q000523:psychology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires