11Beta-hydroxysteroid-dehydrogenase isoforms: tissue distribution and implications for clinical medicine.
11Beta-hydroxylation is essential for glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid activity of a steroid. The enzyme catalyzing this reaction is termed 11beta-hydroxysteroid-dehydrogenase (11beta-HSD). Two isoenzymes of 11beta-HSD have been characterized in human tissues. Whereas 11beta-HSD-I works mainly as a reductase, 11beta-HSD-II only functions as an oxidizing (inactivating) enzyme for physiological glucocorticoids. Thus, the tissue distribution of both enzymes plays a crucial role for the specific glucocorticoid status of an organ. This review summarizes our knowledge of tissue distribution of both 11beta-HSD isoenzymes, their physiological function and pathophysiological role in certain clinical abnormalities, and their relevance to the metabolism of synthetic glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid compounds.
Department of Endocrinology, Klinikum Benjamin Franklin, Freie Universität Berlin, Germany.
S
S
Diederich
M
M
Quinkler
P
P
Burkhardt
C
C
Grossmann
V
V
Bähr
W
W
Oelkers
D043209:11-beta-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 2; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D006913:Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases / Q000032:analysis* / Q000502:physiology; D015262:Xenobiotics / Q000378:metabolism
D005938:Glucocorticoids; D015262:Xenobiotics; D006913:Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases; D043209:11-beta-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 2; C468387:HSD11B2 protein, human