Sustained nitric oxide production in macrophages requires the arginine transporter CAT2.
The aberrant production of nitric oxide (NO) contributes to the pathogenesis of diseases as diverse as cancer and arthritis. Sustained NO production via the inducible enzyme, nitric-oxide synthase 2 (NOS2), requires extracellular arginine uptake. Three closely related cationic amino acid transporter genes (Cat1-3) encode the transporters that mediate most arginine uptake in mammalian cells. Because CAT2 is induced coordinately with NOS2 in numerous cell types, we investigated a possible role for CAT2-mediated arginine transport in regulating NO production. The complexity of arginine transport systems and their biochemically similar transport properties called for a genetic approach to determine the role of CAT2. CAT2-deficient mice were generated and found to be healthy and fertile in contrast to Cat1(-/-) animals. Analysis of cytokine-activated macrophages from Cat2(-/-) mice revealed a 92% reduction in NO production and a 95% reduction in l-Arg uptake. The reduction in NO production was not due to differences in NOS2 protein expression, NOS2 activity, or intracellular l-arginine content. In conclusion, our results show that sustained abundant NO synthesis by macrophages requires arginine transport via the CAT2 transporter.
Cancer Center and Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0064, USA.
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Nicholson
C K
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Manner
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Kleeman
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MacLeod
D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D026923:Amino Acid Transport Systems, Basic; D000818:Animals; D001120:Arginine / Q000378:metabolism*; D001483:Base Sequence; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D008325:Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000172:deficiency / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000378:metabolism; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
D026923:Amino Acid Transport Systems, Basic; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D016207:Cytokines; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D001120:Arginine; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; C496317:Nos2 protein, mouse