Substrate hydrolysis by matrix metalloproteinase-9.
The catalytic clefts of all matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) have a similar architecture, raising questions about the redundancy in substrate recognition across the protein family. In the present study, an unbiased phage display strategy was applied to define the substrate recognition profile of MMP-9. Three groups of substrates were identified, each occupying a distinct set of subsites within the catalytic pocket. The most prevalent motif contains the sequence Pro-X-X-Hy-(Ser/Thr) at P(3) through P(2'). This sequence is similar to the MMP cleavage sites within the collagens and is homologous to substrates the have been selected for other MMPs. Despite this similarity, most of the substrates identified here are selective for MMP-9 over MMP-7 and MMP-13. This observation indicates that substrate selectivity is conferred by key subsite interactions at positions other than P(3) and P(1'). This study shows that MMP-9 has a unique preference for Arg at both P(2) and P(1), and a preference for Ser/Thr at P(2'). Substrates containing the consensus MMP-9 recognition motif were used to query the protein data bases. A surprisingly limited list of putative physiologic substrates was identified. The functional implications of these proteins lead to testable hypotheses regarding physiologic substrates for MMP-9.
Program On Cell Adhesion and the Cancer Research Center, Burnham Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, USA.
S J
SJ
Kridel
E
E
Chen
L P
LP
Kotra
E W
EW
Howard
S
S
Mobashery
J W
JW
Smith
D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D001483:Base Sequence; D002384:Catalysis; D017931:DNA Primers; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D006868:Hydrolysis; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D008958:Models, Molecular; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D013379:Substrate Specificity
D017931:DNA Primers; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9