Where's the fat? Trends in U.S. diets 1965-1996.
BACKGROUND
Controlling fat intake has been an ongoing health concern since the late 1950s. This study examines 30-year trends in food sources of fat intake. It focuses on both total fat and specific fatty acid classes to ascertain if there are trend differences by age, sex, or race/ethnicity.


METHODS
Nationally representative cross-sectional U.S. Department of Agriculture surveys from 1965, 1977-1978, 1989-1991, and 1994-1996 form the basis of this analysis, which compares 45,357 adults aged 18 years and older. Food files linked over time are used to create comparable food groups and nutrient values.


RESULTS
The proportion of fat in the diet from grain-based mixed dishes, higher-fat snack foods, and higher fat potatoes has increased to partially offset reductions in fat from dairy, red meat, and added fat categories. Food sources of fat differ by race/ethnicity and age. The percentage of fat from fast foods and ethnic foods increased over time from 1 to 11% of total fat. The ratio of visible to invisible fat declined considerably.


CONCLUSIONS
While animal product-based sources of fat continue to require emphasis, the shift toward fast foods, fried foods, and grain-based mixed dish and edible oil sources requires more focus.
Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27516-3997, USA. popkin@unc.edu
B M
BM
Popkin
A M
AM
Siega-Riz
P S
PS
Haines
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Jahns
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003625:Data Collection; D004032:Diet / Q000706:statistics & numerical data / Q000639:trends*; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005006:Ethnicity / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012737:Sex Factors; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology
D004041:Dietary Fats