N-linked glycosylation of the HIV type-1 gp120 envelope glycoprotein as a major determinant of CCR5 and CXCR4 coreceptor utilization.
The variable V1V2 and V3 regions of the human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) envelope glycoprotein (gp120) can influence viral coreceptor usage. To substantiate this we generated isogenic HIV-1 molecularly cloned viruses that were composed of the HxB2 envelope backbone containing the V1V2 and V3 regions from viruses isolated from a patient progressing to disease. We show that the V3 amino acid charge per se had little influence on altering the virus coreceptor phenotype. The V1V2 region and its N-linked glycosylation degree were shown to confer CXCR4 usage and provide the virus with rapid replication kinetics. Loss of an N-linked glycosylation site within the V3 region had a major influence on the virus switching from the R5 to X4 phenotype in a V3 charge-dependent manner. The loss of this V3 N-linked glycosylation site was also linked with the broadening of the coreceptor repertoire to incorporate CCR3. By comparing the amino acid sequences of primary HIV-1 isolates, we identified a strong association between high V3 charge and the loss of this V3 N-linked glycosylation site. These results demonstrate that the N-linked glycosylation pattern of the HIV-1 envelope can strongly influence viral coreceptor utilization and the R5 to X4 switch.
Pollakis
G
G
Department of Human Retrovirology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 15, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Kang
S
S
Kliphuis
A
A
Chalaby
M I
MI
Goudsmit
J
J
Paxton
W A
WA
D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D019943:Amino Acid Substitution; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology*; D002678:Chimera; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D006031:Glycosylation; D015699:HIV Envelope Protein gp120 / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007700:Kinetics; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016297:Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; D010641:Phenotype; D019713:Receptors, CCR5 / Q000502:physiology*; D019718:Receptors, CXCR4 / Q000502:physiology*; D015728:Receptors, HIV / Q000502:physiology*; D014779:Virus Replication
D015699:HIV Envelope Protein gp120; D019713:Receptors, CCR5; D019718:Receptors, CXCR4; D015728:Receptors, HIV