Optimal FK 506 dosage in patients under primary immunosuppression following liver transplantation.
In a retrospective study, we analysed the FK 506 dosage used in primary liver graft recipients enrolled in the European FK 506 multicenter trial conducted from September 1990 to January 1992. In addition, a second cohort of patients treated more recently in a single centre was investigated. The impact of different dosing strategies on the clinical course of the patients was analysed with special emphasis on the incidence of rejection episodes and FK 506 side-effects. Among the patients enrolled in the European FK 506 multicenter trial, those patients enrolled during the "early" phase of the study received a higher oral FK 506 dose [mean oral dosage on day 7 = 0.19 mg/kg body weight (bw) per day, n = 134] compared to patients enrolled during the "late" period of the study (mean oral dosage on day 7 = 0.14 mg/kg bw per day, n = 133). This lower dosage was the result of several protocol amendments performed to reduce the incidence of FK 506 side-effects. Lowering of the FK 506 dosage was accompanied by a reduction in the long-term prevalence of side-effects such as diabetes (n. s.) or hypertension (P < 0.05), while patient survival and rejection frequency remained constant. Patients treated in centres with online FK 506 blood level monitoring experienced significantly less hypertension, less episodes of diabetes and less rejection episodes compared to patients treated in centres without. The clinical course of those patients enrolled in the multicentre trial was compared with the course of a cohort of liver-grafted patients treated with FK 506 more recently in a single centre. These patients had a further reduction in the FK 506 dosage (0.10 mg/kg bw per day p.o. or less according to whole blood levels, with no intravenous FK 506 administration). When compared to patients enrolled in the multicentre trial, these patients experienced less side-effects (nephrotoxicity, hypertension, serious early neurotoxicity) while adaequate immunosuppression was maintained.
Winkler
M
M
Klinik für Abdominal- und Transplantationschirurgie, Medizinische Hochschule, Hannover, Germany.
Pichlmayr
R
R
Neuhaus
P
P
McMaster
P
P
Calne
R
R
Otto
G
G
Williams
R
R
Bismuth
H
H
Groth
C
C
D000284:Administration, Oral; D000328:Adult; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000453:epidemiology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005060:Europe; D005260:Female; D006084:Graft Rejection / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000453:epidemiology; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015994:Incidence; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D016031:Liver Transplantation / Q000276:immunology* / Q000401:mortality / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015996:Survival Rate; D016559:Tacrolimus / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*
D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D016559:Tacrolimus