Schizophrenia costs and treatment cost-effectiveness.
OBJECTIVE
The paper sets out to summarize evidence on the costs of schizophrenia and on the cost-effectiveness of three broad treatment areas.


METHODS
Evidence from a number of countries was examined, both published and unpublished, and systematic reviews and meta-analyses were consulted.


RESULTS
The costs of schizophrenia are high and wide-ranging. They fall not only to health-care agencies but also to other parts of the public sector, to families, to sufferers themselves and to the wider society. However, there are interventions--a counselling intervention to address non-compliance with medication, family interventions to reduce levels of expressed emotion, and atypical antipsychotic drugs--that have been found to be not only effective (improving patient outcomes) but also appear to be cost-effective.


CONCLUSIONS
Resource constraints and policy pressures make it increasingly common for economic as well as clinical questions to be asked about new modes of treatment. This is the new reality of mental health practice. Reliable evidence is now available to address these economic questions and can be factored into decision-making processes.
Knapp
M
M
Personal Social Services Research Unit, London School of Economics and Political Science and Centre for the Economics of Mental Health, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College, UK.
D017281:Cost of Illness; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D003376:Counseling; D005192:Family Health; D017048:Health Care Costs / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006291:Health Policy; D006801:Humans; D008605:Mental Health Services / Q000191:economics*; D017150:Public Sector; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000191:economics* / Q000628:therapy*