Local osmotic gradients drive the water flux associated with Na(+)/glucose cotransport.
It recently was proposed [Loo, D. D. F., Zeuthen, T., Chandy, G. & Wright, E. M. (1996) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 93, 13367--13370] that SGLT1, the high affinity intestinal and renal sodium/glucose cotransporter carries water molecules along with the cosubstrates with a strict stoichiometry of two Na(+), one glucose, and approximately 220 water molecules per transport cycle. Using electrophysiology together with sensitive volumetric measurements, we investigated the nature of the driving force behind the cotransporter-mediated water flux. The osmotic water permeability of oocytes expressing human SGLT1 (L(p) +/- SE) averaged 3.8 +/- 0.3 x 10(-4) cm x s(-1) (n = 15) and addition of 100 microM phlorizin (a specific SGLT1 inhibitor) reduced the permeability to 2.2 +/- 0.2 x 10(-4) cm x s(-1) (n = 15), confirming the presence of a significant water permeability closely associated with the cotransporter. Addition of 5 mM alpha-methyl-glucose (alpha MG) induced an average inward current of 800 +/- 10 nA at -50 mV and a water influx reaching 120 +/- 20 pL cm(-2) x s(-1) within 5-8 min. After rapidly inhibiting the Na(+)/glucose cotransport with phlorizin, the water flux remained significantly elevated, clearly indicating the presence of a local osmotic gradient (Delta pi) estimated at 16 +/- 2 mOsm. In short-term experiments, a rapid depolarization from -100 to 0 mV in the presence of alpha MG decreased the cotransport current by 94% but failed to produce a comparable reduction in the swelling rate. A mathematical model depicting the intracellular accumulation of transported osmolytes can accurately account for these observations. It is concluded that, in SGLT1-expressing oocytes, alpha MG-dependent water influx is induced by a local osmotic gradient by using both endogenous and SGLT1-dependent water permeability.
Groupe de Recherche en Transport Membranaire, Physics Department, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada, H3C 3J7.
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D000818:Animals; D001692:Biological Transport; D002412:Cations; D003198:Computer Simulation; D004594:Electrophysiology; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology; D008954:Models, Biological; D009004:Monosaccharide Transport Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology; D009865:Oocytes / Q000502:physiology; D009997:Osmotic Pressure; D010539:Permeability; D015221:Potassium Channels / Q000502:physiology; D024661:Potassium Channels, Inwardly Rectifying; D051269:Sodium-Glucose Transporter 1; D014867:Water / Q000378:metabolism*; D014982:Xenopus laevis
D002412:Cations; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D009004:Monosaccharide Transport Proteins; D015221:Potassium Channels; D024661:Potassium Channels, Inwardly Rectifying; D051269:Sodium-Glucose Transporter 1; D014867:Water