SOCS proteins: modulators of neuroimmunoendocrine functions. Impact on corticotroph LIF signaling.
Several members of the newly characterized family of suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS) proteins-such as SOCS-1, SOCS-3, and CIS-act as negative regulators of the cytokine-induced Jak-STAT signaling cascade. The expression of SOCS proteins is stimulated by a variety of cytokines and hormones in a tissue-specific manner. This article reviews our current understanding of SOCS proteins and their role as modulators of neuroimmunoendocrine functions, for example, in signaling of leptin, growth hormone, and prolactin, specially focusing on the impact of SOCS proteins on corticotroph leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) signaling. LIF, a member of the gp130 sharing cytokine family, modulates pituitary development, POMC gene expression, and ACTH secretion. Current data on the negative autoregulatory function of the suppressor of cytokine signaling, SOCS-3, in LIF-induced POMC gene expression and ACTH secretion are extensively discussed.
Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd., Room 2015, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA.
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Auernhammer
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Bousquet
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Chesnokova
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Melmed
D000818:Animals; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000502:physiology*; D006131:Growth Inhibitors / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D017874:Immediate-Early Proteins / Q000502:physiology*; D015850:Interleukin-6; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D053605:Leukemia Inhibitory Factor; D008222:Lymphokines / Q000502:physiology*; D015213:Neuroimmunomodulation; D009490:Neurosecretory Systems / Q000502:physiology*; D011506:Proteins / Q000502:physiology*; D012097:Repressor Proteins; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology; D000071222:Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling 1 Protein; D000071223:Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling 3 Protein; D050826:Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors
D002352:Carrier Proteins; D006131:Growth Inhibitors; D017874:Immediate-Early Proteins; D015850:Interleukin-6; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D053605:Leukemia Inhibitory Factor; D008222:Lymphokines; D011506:Proteins; D012097:Repressor Proteins; D000071222:Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling 1 Protein; D000071223:Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling 3 Protein; D050826:Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors; C507837:LIF protein, human; C108944:SOCS1 protein, human; C106644:SOCS3 protein, human