Intravenous self-administration of heroin/cocaine combinations (speedball) using nose-poke or lever-press operant responding in mice.
Acquisition and dose-related self-administration of heroin (H)/cocaine (C) combinations in C57BL/6 x SJL mice were studied in nose-poke or lever-press operant responding procedures. C57BL/6 x SJL mice readily acquired self-administration in both operant procedures with a combination of doses known to be ineffective when each drug was used alone (H: 15 microg/kg and C: 150 microg/kg per injection). Similar numbers of infusions were obtained under conditions of fixed-ratio (FR) 3 versus 1 for the nose-poke and lever-press responses, respectively. Dose-effect curves for heroin:cocaine combinations revealed a pattern corresponding to a leftward shift of the dose-response for intravenous cocaine self-administration. Curves were similar whether generated with 1 or 3 days of availability per dose, or including subjects that did not respond preferentially (> 70% responses) to the hole or lever associated with drug delivery, along with those that did. Motor activity induced by a combination of low doses for each drug was examined (H: 0.375 mg/kg and C: 3.75 mg/kg, i.p.). Under these conditions, the combination of both drugs induced an initial cocaine-like stimulation of horizontal activity, in contrast to the tendency of heroin to decrease activity. It is concluded that heroin:cocaine combinations used in the present study had reinforcing effects in C57BL/6 x SJL mice, and produced a cocaine-like effect in the early part of drug-induced activity sessions, followed by a locomotor profile corresponding to the average of both drugs.
Department of Neuropharmacology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, USA.
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D000818:Animals; D019970:Cocaine-Related Disorders / Q000523:psychology*; D003216:Conditioning, Operant / Q000187:drug effects*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004338:Drug Combinations; D006556:Heroin Dependence / Q000523:psychology*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000187:drug effects; D015819:Substance Abuse, Intravenous / Q000523:psychology*
D004338:Drug Combinations