Consumption of 'country liquor' and its relation to alcoholic liver disease in Mumbai.
The amount of alcohol intake required for the development of liver disease has been determined in Western populations; corresponding figures in Indians, many of whom consume locally brewed liquors, are not known. We studied 328 patients from a public hospital in Mumbai who admitted to regular alcohol consumption, to determine the pattern of alcohol consumption and its relation to liver disease. Liver disease was more common in those who consumed illicitly-brewed as compared to licit liquor. Daily drinking, volume of consumption > 200 ml per day, and duration of drinking > 14 years were each significantly more common in those with liver disease. A cumulative intake of > 2000 ml. years, calculated as the product of volume (ml per day) and duration (years), was a reliable cut-off level for association with liver disease (sensitivity 65%, specificity 77%) and cirrhosis (sensitivity 70%, specificity 59%). The content of alcohol in these liquors, estimated in 23 samples, ranged from 23-36.1 g/100 ml, being lower in the illicit liquors. Thus, in Mumbai, alcoholic liver disease occurs more commonly with consumption of illicit liquor (despite its lower alcohol content); liver involvement appears earlier and with lower consumption levels than in the West.
Dept of Gastroenterology, KEM Hospital, Mumbai 400 012.
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Narawane
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Bhatia
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Abraham
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Sanghani
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Sawant
D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D000434:Alcoholic Beverages / Q000009:adverse effects*; D015897:Comorbidity; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007194:India / Q000453:epidemiology; D008104:Liver Cirrhosis, Alcoholic / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011159:Population Surveillance; D012307:Risk Factors; D017678:Sex Distribution