CD28 and T cell co-stimulation.
Over the last decade the concept of T cell co-stimulation has emerged to take a central role in the process of T cell activation. However, the exact definition of co-stimulation is still unclear. In this review, we re-examine the concept of co-stimulation. We suggest that while co-stimulation is important, there is little evidence to link co-stimulation with T cell anergy. We then suggest a framework for studying co-stimulation. Focusing on recent advances in our understanding of CD28, we discuss four areas of T cell activation where co-stimulation may play a role.
Department of Immunology and Pathology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA.
A D
AD
Holdorf
O
O
Kanagawa
A S
AS
Shaw
D000818:Animals; D018106:CD28 Antigens / Q000276:immunology*; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation / Q000276:immunology*; D051379:Mice; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000276:immunology; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000276:immunology*; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*
D018106:CD28 Antigens; D007376:Interleukin-2; D016328:NF-kappa B