Regulation of glucocorticoid receptor activity by 14--3-3-dependent intracellular relocalization of the corepressor RIP140.
Proteins belonging to the 14--3-3 family interact with various regulatory proteins involved in cellular signaling, cell cycle regulation, or apoptosis. 14--3-3 proteins have been suggested to act by regulating the cytoplasmic/nuclear localization of their target proteins or by acting as molecular scaffolds or chaperones. We have previously shown that overexpression of 14--3-3 enhances the transcriptional activity of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR), which is a member of the nuclear receptor family. In this study, we show that 14--3-3 interacts with the nuclear receptor corepressor RIP140. In transfection assays, RIP140 antagonizes 14--3-3- enhanced GR transactivation. Using colocalization studies we demonstrate that 14--3-3 can export RIP140 out of the nucleus and, interestingly, can also change its intranuclear localization. Moreover, we also observed that 14--3-3 can bind various other nuclear receptors and cofactors. In summary, our findings suggest that 14--3-3-mediated intracellular relocalization of the GR corepressor RIP140 might be a novel mechanism to enhance glucocorticoid responsiveness of target genes. They furthermore indicate a more general role for 14--3-3 protein by influencing the nuclear availability of nuclear receptor-associated cofactors.
Zilliacus
J
J
Department of Medical Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet Novum, S-141 86 Huddinge, Sweden. johanna.zilliacus@mednut.ki.se
Holter
E
E
Wakui
H
H
Tazawa
H
H
Treuter
E
E
Gustafsson
J A
JA
D048948:14-3-3 Proteins; D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D000818:Animals; D019556:COS Cells; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000378:metabolism; D003593:Cytoplasm / Q000378:metabolism; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D000078723:Nuclear Receptor Interacting Protein 1; D010766:Phosphorylation; D011944:Receptors, Androgen / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D011965:Receptors, Glucocorticoid / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D018168:Receptors, Retinoic Acid / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012097:Repressor Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D047488:Retinoid X Receptors; D013347:Subcellular Fractions; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015533:Transcriptional Activation; D014446:Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
D048948:14-3-3 Proteins; D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D000078723:Nuclear Receptor Interacting Protein 1; D011944:Receptors, Androgen; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen; D011965:Receptors, Glucocorticoid; D018168:Receptors, Retinoic Acid; D012097:Repressor Proteins; D047488:Retinoid X Receptors; D014157:Transcription Factors; D014446:Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase