A comparative evaluation of the neurotoxic properties of ketamine and nitrous oxide.
The general anesthetics, nitrous oxide (N(2)O) and ketamine, are NMDA antagonists which, like other NMDA antagonists such as MK801, induce a neurotoxic reaction in the rat brain. For MK801 neurotoxicity, both age and sex are important variables (adult rats are more sensitive than immature rats and females are more sensitive than males). In this study we found that ketamine has this same age and sex dependency profile, and N(2)O has the same age but not sex dependency. Male and female rats are equally sensitive to N(2)O neurotoxicity.
Jevtovic-Todorovic
V
V
Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave., P.O. Box 8054, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA. todorovv@notes.wustl.edu
Wozniak
D F
DF
Benshoff
N D
ND
Olney
J W
JW
D000367:Age Factors; D018712:Analgesics, Non-Narcotic / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000778:Anesthetics, Dissociative / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D018691:Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists / Q000633:toxicity; D005260:Female; D007649:Ketamine / Q000633:toxicity*; D008297:Male; D009474:Neurons / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D009498:Neurotoxins / Q000633:toxicity*; D009609:Nitrous Oxide / Q000633:toxicity*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D016194:Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D012737:Sex Factors
D018712:Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; D000778:Anesthetics, Dissociative; D018691:Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; D009498:Neurotoxins; D016194:Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; D007649:Ketamine; D009609:Nitrous Oxide