title: Interleukin 1 receptor antagonist polymorphism in women with idiopathic recurrent miscarriage.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Proinflammatory cytokines have been described as etiologic factors in idiopathic recurrent miscarriage. We investigated the relation between idiopathic recurrent miscarriage and polymorphisms in the gene encoding for the interleukin 1 receptor antagonist, an indigenous modulator of proinflammatory immune response.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective case control study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Academic research institution.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred five women with a history of three or more consecutive pregnancy losses before 20 weeks of gestation and 91 healthy, postmenopausal controls with at least two live births and no history of pregnancy loss.
  
  
  METHODS
  Peripheral venous puncture.
  
  
  METHODS
  Polymerase chain reaction was performed to identify the different alleles of the gene encoding for interleukin 1 receptor antagonist.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Allele frequencies among women with idiopathic recurrent miscarriage and controls were 0.34 and 0.11, respectively, for the polymorphic allele 2 (P=.002; odds ratio: 7.4, confidence interval: 2.9--10.8) and.05 and.05, respectively, for the polymorphic allele 3 (P=.6; odds ratio: 1.3, confidence interval: 0.8--2.3). Allele 2 was present in homozygous form in 9% of women with idiopathic recurrent miscarriage. In contrast, 1% of the control women were homozygous for this allele (P<.001; odds ratio: 13.5, confidence interval: 7.5--21.8).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data support a role for allele 2 of the gene encoding for interleukin 1 receptor antagonist as genetic determinant of idiopathic recurrent miscarriage.
authors: Department of Gynecologic Endocrinology and Reproductive Medicine, University Hospital of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
authors: G
authors: G
authors: Unfried
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Tempfer
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Schneeberger
authors: B
authors: B
authors: Widmar
authors: F
authors: F
authors: Nagele
authors: J C
authors: JC
authors: Huber
mesh_terms: D000026:Abortion, Habitual / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D000022:Abortion, Spontaneous / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D000483:Alleles; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D005865:Gestational Age; D006579:Heterozygote; D006720:Homozygote; D006801:Humans; D053590:Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist Protein; D016017:Odds Ratio; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D011247:Pregnancy; D011262:Pregnancy Trimester, Second; D017472:Receptors, Interleukin-1 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D012016:Reference Values; D012795:Sialoglycoproteins / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: C507763:IL1RN protein, human; D053590:Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist Protein; D017472:Receptors, Interleukin-1; D012795:Sialoglycoproteins