title: Occult primary tumors of the head and neck: accuracy of thallium 201 single-photon emission computed tomography and computed tomography and/or magnetic resonance imaging.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the accuracy of thallium 201 single-photon emission computed tomography (thallium SPECT) and computed tomography and/or magnetic resonance imaging (CT/MRI) in the detection of occult primary tumors of the head and neck.
  
  
  METHODS
  Study of diagnostic tests.
  
  
  METHODS
  National Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-two patients with a neck node metastasis of an epithelial tumor and negative findings by mirror examination at initial presentation were included in the study. Twenty-nine patients underwent thallium SPECT and CT/MRI before examination under general anesthesia (EUA). In 3 patients only thallium SPECT was performed before EUA. Histological confirmation of an occult primary tumor during EUA was used as the gold standard. Negative radiodiagnostic and nuclear findings in the upper aerodigestive tract in the presence of a primary carcinoma other than of the head and neck were interpreted as true-negative findings.
  
  
  RESULTS
  For thallium SPECT the following results were recorded: sensitivity, 67%; specificity, 69%; accuracy, 69%; positive predictive value, 33%; and negative predictive value, 90%. In 1 patient, thallium whole body scan indicated a primary carcinoma beyond the mucosal lining of the upper aerodigestive tract. The CT/MRI results were as follows: sensitivity, 71%; specificity, 73%; accuracy, 72%; positive predictive value, 45%; and negative predictive value, 89%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Thallium SPECT and CT/MRI showed comparable results for detection of occult primary tumors of the head and neck. A potential advantage of thallium SPECT is that it allows total body screening.
authors: The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
authors: S A
authors: SA
authors: van Veen
authors: A J
authors: AJ
authors: Balm
authors: R A
authors: RA
authors: Valdés Olmos
authors: C A
authors: CA
authors: Hoefnagel
authors: F J
authors: FJ
authors: Hilgers
authors: I B
authors: IB
authors: Tan
authors: F A
authors: FA
authors: Pameijer
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000465:Algorithms; D005260:Female; D006258:Head and Neck Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013794:Thallium Radioisotopes; D015899:Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed
chemical_list: D013794:Thallium Radioisotopes