title: Biodistribution and pharmacokinetics of variously sized molecular radiolabelled polyethyleneiminomethyl phosphonic acid as a selective bone seeker for therapy in the normal primate model.
abstract: An ideal radiopharmaceutical for the treatment of neoplastic and inflammatory (benign) bone disease would be a radiolabelled compound that predominantly accumulates in bone lesions with limited access to normal bone and other organs. Neoplastic tissue's abnormal blood supply (increased permeability) and lack of lymphatics will selectively accumulate radiolabelled macromolecules. This enhanced permeability and retention effect forms the basis of this study, using various molecular sizes of the radiolabelled macromolecule polyethyleneiminomethyl phosphonic acid (PEI-MP) for increased selectivity of the bone-seeking radiopharmaceutical. PEI-MP was synthesized by condensation of polyethyleneimine, phosphonic acid and formaldehyde, followed by fractionation into different molecular sizes by membrane ultrafiltration. Labelling efficiency to 99mTc (as radiotracer) was approximately 99% with complexes stable for 24 h. The pharmacokinetics and biodistribution of various 99mTc-PEI-MP fractions were investigated using 4 experimental baboons (Papio ursinus) per fraction. Scintigraphy was performed on the baboons under general anaesthesia of pentobarbital i.v. After an i.v. bolus of 99mTc-PEI-MP (approximately 185 MBq) both dynamic studies (30 x 1 min frames), and static studies (2 min acquisition every hour for 4 h) were done, as well as blood samples and urine collected. From the results macromolecules with sizes ranging between 30-300 kDa were characterized by excessive liver (21%-57% retained activity) and kidney (40% retained activity) uptake and accompanying long residing times (t1/2 up to 24 h). The percentage bone uptake averaged at 8% for these particles excluding sizes 100-300 kDa where very little bone uptake was seen (< 1%). In this case the blood clearance was also slow (t1/2 approximately 2 h). The fraction size 10-30 kDa had comparatively low accumulation and short residence times in the liver and kidneys (resp. 20%, t1/2 = 22 +/- 4 min; 17.5%, t1/2 = 20 +/- 3 min) and although the bone uptake of 18% in this case was high, it is still low for a bone-seeking agent. These particles cleared the blood with t1/2 = 25 +/- 2 min and seemed suitable for labelling with a therapeutic radioisotopic agent.
authors: AEC (Atomic Energy Corporation) Institute for Life Sciences, University of Pretoria, Republic of South Africa. dormehl@medic.up.ac.za
authors: I C
authors: IC
authors: Dormehl
authors: W K
authors: WK
authors: Louw
authors: R J
authors: RJ
authors: Milner
authors: E
authors: E
authors: Kilian
authors: F H
authors: FH
authors: Schneeweiss
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000378:metabolism*; D006207:Half-Life; D007553:Isotope Labeling; D007668:Kidney / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008970:Molecular Weight; D010215:Papio; D011094:Polyethyleneimine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D011877:Radionuclide Imaging; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D013667:Technetium / Q000737:chemistry; D014018:Tissue Distribution
chemical_list: D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; C425340:polyethyleneiminomethylphosphonic acid; D013667:Technetium; D011094:Polyethyleneimine