title: A calcium channel blocker, benidipine, inhibits intimal thickening in the carotid artery of mice by increasing nitric oxide production.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Recent studies suggest that several calcium channel blockers exert their protective effects against vascular disorders by increasing nitric oxide (NO) production from the endothelium. The purpose of this study was to clarify the effects of a long-lasting calcium channel blocker, benidipine, on vascular remodeling.
  
  
  METHODS
  The left common carotid arteries of mice were completely ligated just proximal to the carotid bifurcation. Treatment with benidipine (3 mg/kg per day) or vehicle was started 1 week before the carotid ligation, and continued throughout the experiments. Four weeks after the carotid ligation, these mice were killed and vascular remodeling was analyzed. Moreover, NO production and endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) expression were assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At 4 weeks after ligation, the neointimal area in the vehicle-treated mice was 39,400 +/- 4,900 microm2 (n = 8), whereas that in the drug-treated mice was reduced to 18,300 +/- 3,800 microm2 (n = 10). Consequently, the luminal area was 35% larger in the drug-treated mice. Benidipine increased the basal as well as agonist-induced NO production from the endothelium, detected by Griess method or NOx analyzer. Endothelial NOS expression in vessels of the drug-treated mice was increased compared with that of the vehicle-treated mice.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data provide evidence that benidipine increases NO production via increment of eNOS protein in vessels and prevents intimal thickening in mice. These results show the possibility of benidipine as a protective tool against vascular remodeling independent of its effect on blood pressure.
authors: First Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University School of Medicine, Japan.
authors: T
authors: T
authors: Yamashita
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Kawashima
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Ozaki
authors: Y
authors: Y
authors: Rikitake
authors: T
authors: T
authors: Hirase
authors: N
authors: N
authors: Inoue
authors: K
authors: K
authors: Hirata
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Yokoyama
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017536:Carotid Artery, Common / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D004095:Dihydropyridines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D006131:Growth Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D019331:NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester / Q000494:pharmacology; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000378:metabolism; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III
chemical_list: D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers; D004095:Dihydropyridines; D006131:Growth Inhibitors; D009569:Nitric Oxide; C061004:benidipine; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III; C496315:Nos3 protein, mouse; D019331:NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester