Off-diagonal long-range order in Bose liquids: irrotational flow and quantization of circulation.
On the basis of gauge invariance, it is proven in an elementary and straightforward manner, but without invoking any ad hoc assumption, that the existence of off-diagonal long-range order in one-particle reduced density matrix in Bose liquids implies both the irrotational flow in a simply connected region and the quantization of circulation in a multiply connected region, the two fundamental properties of a Bose superfluid. The origin for both is the phase coherence of condensate wave functions. Some relevant issues are also addressed.
Su
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Department of Physics, Graduate School at Beijing, University of Science and Technology of China, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 3908, Beijing 100039, China. gsu@cc6.gsbustc.ac.cn
Suzuki
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