title: Animal model to compare the effects of suture technique on cross-sectional compliance on end-to-side anastomoses.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  An animal model has been developed to compare the effects of suture technique on the luminal dimensions and compliance of end-to-side vascular anastomoses.
  
  
  METHODS
  Carotid and internal mammalian arteries (IMAs) were exposed in three pigs (90 kg). IMAs were sectioned distally to perform end-to-side anastomoses on carotid arteries. One anastomosis was performed with 7/0 polypropylene running suture. The other was performed with the automated suture delivery device (Perclose/Abbott Labs Inc.) that makes a 7/0 polypropylene interrupted suture. Four piezoelectric crystals were sutured on toe, heel and both lateral sides of each anastomosis to measure anastomotic axes. Anastomotic cross-sectional area (CSAA) was calculated with: CSAA = pi x mM/4 where m and M are the minor and major axes of the elliptical anastomosis. Cross-sectional anastomotic compliance (CSAC) was calculated as CSAC=Delta CSAA/Delta P where Delta P is the mean pulse pressure and Delta CSAA is the mean CSAA during cardiac cycle.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We collected a total of 1200000 pressure-length data per animal. For running suture we had a mean systolic CSAA of 26.94+/-0.4 mm(2) and a mean CSAA in diastole of 26.30+/-0.5 mm(2) (mean Delta CSAA was 0.64 mm(2)). CSAC for running suture was 4.5 x 10(-6)m(2)/kPa. For interrupted suture we had a mean CSAA in systole of 21.98+/-0.2 mm(2) and a mean CSAA in diastole of 17.38+/-0.3 mm(2) (mean Delta CSAA was 4.6+/-0.1 mm(2)). CSAC for interrupted suture was 11 x 10(-6) m(2)/kPa.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This model, even with some limitations, can be a reliable source of information improving the outcome of vascular anastomoses. The study demonstrates that suture technique has a substantial effect on cross-sectional anastomotic compliance of end-to-side anastomoses. Interrupted suture may maximise the anastomotic lumen and provides a considerably higher CSAC than continuous suture, that reduces flow turbulence, shear stress and intimal hyperplasia. The Heartflo anastomosis device is a reliable instrument that facilitates performance of interrupted suture anastomoses.
authors: Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Rue du Bugnon, 46, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland. tozzig@hotmail.com
authors: P
authors: P
authors: Tozzi
authors: D
authors: D
authors: Hayoz
authors: P
authors: P
authors: Ruchat
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Corno
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Oedman
authors: U
authors: U
authors: Botta
authors: L K
authors: LK
authors: von Segesser
mesh_terms: D000714:Anastomosis, Surgical; D000818:Animals; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D001026:Coronary Artery Bypass; D023421:Models, Animal; D013536:Suture Techniques; D013552:Swine