title: TGF-beta 1 alone and in combination with calcium hydroxide is synergistic to TGF-beta 1 production by osteoblasts in vitro.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the effects of calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2), transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta 1), and Ca(OH)2/TGF-beta 1 coadministration on TGF-beta 1 and interleukin-6 (IL-6) synthesis by early (subculture 1) and late (subculture 5) osteoblast cultures.
  
  
  METHODS
  Early and late cultures were established using bone cells harvested from 21-day-old fetal rat calvaria. Cell cultures of both early and late osteoblasts were divided into four groups: group 1, control; group 2, cells challenged with Ca(OH)2; group 3, cells challenged with TGF-beta 1; and group 4, cells challenged with Ca(OH)2 and TGF-beta 1 in combination. TGF-beta 1 and IL-6 levels for all groups were determined using ELISA methodology.
  
  
  RESULTS
  ANOVA and Tukey HS analyses revealed that osteoblasts of groups 3 and 4 significantly increased (P < 0.001) TGF-beta 1 synthesis in both early and late cultures of osteoblasts. IL-6 was not detected in any of the groups considered in this study.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Exogenous TGF-beta 1 has an autocrine effect on cell cultures of osteoblasts. Administration of TGF-beta 1 alone or in combination with Ca(OH)2 increases the synthesis of TGF-beta 1 in osteoblast cultures. Ca(OH)2 and TGF-beta 1 are compatible when placed in a culture of osteoblasts. Ca(OH)2 provides a favourable environment for the anabolic effects of TGF-beta 1.
authors: Marquette University, School of Dentistry, Division of Endodontics, PO Box 1881, Milwaukee, WI 53201-1881, USA. jaunberzinsa@marquette.edu
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Jaunberzins
authors: J L
authors: JL
authors: Gutmann
authors: D E
authors: DE
authors: Witherspoon
authors: R P
authors: RP
authors: Harper
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D002126:Calcium Hydroxide / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004247:DNA / Q000096:biosynthesis; D004357:Drug Synergism; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D015850:Interleukin-6; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D004247:DNA; D002126:Calcium Hydroxide