title: Population genetics of the schistosome intermediate host Biomphalaria pfeifferi in the Zimbabwean highveld: implications for co-evolutionary theory.
abstract: Co-evolutionary theory proposes that polymorphisms in co-evolved traits may be maintained through differential selection in spatially heterogeneous environments. Spatial heterogeneity of the schistosome intermediate host, Biomphalaria pfeifferi, was investigated here, using RAPD markers. Overall, 256 individuals, collected at 32 sites on 13 rivers in the Chiweshe region of Zimbabwe, were analysed. Significant genetic differentiation was demonstrated, both between populations from the different rivers and between populations collected at different sites on each of several of the rivers investigated. However, the presence of spatial differentiation between populations from individual rivers varied with river type. It was not apparent in permanent, deep, fast-flowing rivers, where high levels of migration, through passive dispersal along the rivers, are likely. The snails collected from shallow, semi-permanent rivers not only showed relatively high levels of population subdivision but also high levels of within-site genetic diversity, consistent with the existence of 'co-evolutionary hot-spots' where schistosome infection may be prevalent. These results are discussed with reference to the population biology of B. pfeifferi and to host-parasite co-evolution.
authors: Wellcome Trust Centre for the Epidemiology of Infectious Disease, Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3FY, UK. joanne.webster@wellcome-epidemiology.oxford.ac.uk
authors: J P
authors: JP
authors: Webster
authors: C M
authors: CM
authors: Davies
authors: J I
authors: JI
authors: Hoffman
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Ndamba
authors: L R
authors: LR
authors: Noble
authors: M E
authors: ME
authors: Woolhouse
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D001700:Biomphalaria / Q000235:genetics* / Q000469:parasitology; D004199:Disease Vectors; D018740:Genetic Heterogeneity; D014644:Genetic Variation; D005828:Genetics, Population; D005843:Geography; D019105:Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA Technique; D018401:Sample Size; D012550:Schistosoma mansoni / Q000302:isolation & purification; D015030:Zimbabwe