Pancreatic enzymes and microvascular cell activation in multiorgan failure.
Cell activation in the microcirculation leads to an inflammatory cascade and is accompanied by many cardiovascular complications. There is a need to identify the trigger mechanisms that lead to the production of in vivo activating factors. We review here mechanisms for cell activation in the microcirculation and specifically the production of humoral cell activators in physiological shock. The elevated levels of activating factors in plasma could be traced to the action of pancreatic enzymes in the ischemic intestine. New interventions against the production of the activators are proposed. The evidence suggests that pancreatic enzymes in the ischemic intestine may attack several tissue components and generate cellular activators that are associated with multiorgan dysfunction in physiological shock.
Schmid-Schönbein
G W
GW
Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla 92093-0412, USA. gwss@bioeng.ucsd.edu
Hugli
T E
TE
Kistler
E B
EB
Sofianos
A
A
Mitsuoka
H
H
D000818:Animals; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000502:physiology; D008833:Microcirculation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D009102:Multiple Organ Failure / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D010179:Pancreas / Q000201:enzymology*; D012769:Shock / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology
D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D018836:Inflammation Mediators