title: Similar haemodynamic, respiratory and metabolic changes with the use of sevoflurane or halothane in children breathing spontaneously via a laryngeal mask airway.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In preschool children, short-lasting surgical procedures are often performed under combined inhalational and regional anaesthesia with the child breathing spontaneously via a laryngeal mask airway (LMA). Despite widespread use, only limited data are available on haemodynamic, respiratory and metabolic effects of sevoflurane and halothane during LMA anaesthesia.
  
  
  METHODS
  In an open-label, randomised, controlled study, 49 children (aged 3-8 years) were allocated to receive either sevoflurane or halothane in 60% nitrous oxide. After insertion of the LMA, end-tidal concentrations of sevoflurane or halothane were maintained at 1 MAC with the child ventilating spontaneously throughout the entire procedure. Analgesia was provided by caudal block. Haemodynamic and respiratory parameters were recorded, and capillary blood-gas samples were obtained repeatedly.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Changes in heart rate (HR) and systolic blood pressure were similar in both groups during all observed periods, apart from a significantly higher increase in HR during inhalational induction with sevoflurane (P<0.05). Regression slope analysis during anaesthesia revealed a decrease of the respiratory rate of 5 breaths h-1 (P<0.001) and an increase of end-tidal PCO2 and capillary PCO2 of about 0.25 kPa h-1 (P<0.001), with no significant difference between the two groups. Base excess, calculated in capillary blood gas samples, did not change over time (P>0.5) in either group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The use of approximately 1 MAC sevoflurane or halothane in 60% N2O in children breathing spontaneously via LMA resulted in comparable haemodynamic, respiratory and metabolic changes, and clinically relevant deteriorations did not occur during the 65-min study period.
authors: Department of Anaesthesia, University of Basel, Children's Hospital, Roemergasse 8, CH-4058 Basel, Switzerland.
authors: T
authors: T
authors: Erb
authors: P
authors: P
authors: Christen
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Kern
authors: F J
authors: FJ
authors: Frei
mesh_terms: D000769:Anesthesia, Inhalation; D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000097:blood; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006221:Halothane; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D017214:Laryngeal Masks; D008297:Male; D008660:Metabolism / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D008738:Methyl Ethers; D015656:Respiratory Mechanics / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D000077149:Sevoflurane
chemical_list: D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation; D008738:Methyl Ethers; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D000077149:Sevoflurane; D006221:Halothane