title: Vaginal delivery of monoamniotic twins with umbilical cord entanglement. A case report.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Monoamniotic twinning is frequently complicated by umbilical cord entanglement and fetal death. Should vaginal delivery take place, this may present as an acute intrapartum emergency.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 26-year-old woman, gravida 3, para 2, presented in the second stage of labor and gave birth to a macerated, stillborn infant weighing 1,340 g. At the time of delivery it was not known that this was a twin pregnancy. Delivery was achieved only after division of a cord around the neck; it turned out to be that of a live, second twin. This infant, weighing 2,530 g, was delivered by rapid breech extraction and made a satisfactory recovery.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  When multiple pregnancy or monoamniotic multiple pregnancy has not been excluded, a nuchal cord might be that of an undiagnosed second twin.
authors: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Chris Hani Baragwanath Hospital and University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
authors: K S
authors: KS
authors: Kantanka
authors: E J
authors: EJ
authors: Buchmann
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000653:Amniotic Fluid / Q000502:physiology; D036861:Delivery, Obstetric / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D014427:Twins; D014470:Umbilical Cord / Q000473:pathology*