title: A vestibular phenotype for Waardenburg syndrome?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate vestibular abnormalities in subjects with Waardenburg syndrome.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective record review.
  
  
  METHODS
  Tertiary referral neurotology clinic.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-two adult white subjects with clinical diagnosis of Waardenburg syndrome (10 type I and 12 type II).
  
  
  METHODS
  Evaluation for Waardenburg phenotype, history of vestibular and auditory symptoms, tests of vestibular and auditory function.
  
  
  METHODS
  Results of phenotyping, results of vestibular and auditory symptom review (history), results of vestibular and auditory function testing.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seventeen subjects were women, and 5 were men. Their ages ranged from 21 to 58 years (mean, 38 years). Sixteen of the 22 subjects sought treatment for vertigo, dizziness, or imbalance. For subjects with vestibular symptoms, the results of vestibuloocular tests (calorics, vestibular autorotation, and/or pseudorandom rotation) were abnormal in 77%, and the results of vestibulospinal function tests (computerized dynamic posturography, EquiTest) were abnormal in 57%, but there were no specific patterns of abnormality. Six had objective sensorineural hearing loss. Thirteen had an elevated summating/action potential (>0.40) on electrocochleography. All subjects except those with severe hearing loss (n = 3) had normal auditory brainstem response results.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients with Waardenburg syndrome may experience primarily vestibular symptoms without hearing loss. Electrocochleography and vestibular function tests appear to be the most sensitive measures of otologic abnormalities in such patients.
authors: Legacy Clinical Research and Technology Center, Department of Neurotology Research, Portland, Oregon 97208-3950, USA.
authors: F O
authors: FO
authors: Black
authors: S C
authors: SC
authors: Pesznecker
authors: K
authors: K
authors: Allen
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Gianna
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001300:Audiometry, Evoked Response; D001301:Audiometry, Pure-Tone; D001844:Bone Conduction / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006319:Hearing Loss, Sensorineural / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010641:Phenotype; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013069:Speech Reception Threshold Test; D014724:Vestibular Function Tests; D014722:Vestibule, Labyrinth / Q000503:physiopathology*; D014849:Waardenburg Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics*