Study on risk factors for transplacental viral infections; effect of bacterial factors and double viral infections on virus replication in placenta and amniotic membranes.
Among risk factors for vertical transmission of HIV there are listed concomitant viral and bacterial infections. Therefore the influence on the viruses replication in human placenta and amniotic membrane cultures of double viral infection with two unrelated viruses - encephalomyocarditis (EMCV) and vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) - was studied and compared with the replication of the viruses in single virus infection (EMCV or VSV) in the same organ cultures. Additionally effect of bacterial factors - lipopolysaccharide (LPS) Escherichia coli and sonicated Treponema pallidum antigens (Tpa) - on VSV replication in the same culture system was studied and compared with VSV replication in untreated explants. Two effects were observed in double-virus infected cultures and also in bacterial factors treated cultures: inhibition and stimulation of virus replication. The kind of effect in the both cases was dependent on the presence or absence of innate antiviral immunity. In virus-sensitive organs double infected or treated with LPS or Tpa, inhibition of virus titer (2-5 log TCID(50)/ml) was observed. In the organs expressing the innate immunity, stimulation (1-4 log TCID(50)/ml) of virus replication was noticed. Contribution of endogenous TNFalpha in both reactions (stimulation and inhibition) was confirmed using antibodies against the TNF.
Jatczak
B
B
Laboratory of Virology, Institute Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, R. Weigla 12, 53-114 Wrocław, Poland.
Gejdel
E
E
Pajak
J
J
Podwińska
J
J
Błach-Olszewska
Z
Z
D000650:Amnion / Q000821:virology*; D000906:Antibodies / Q000494:pharmacology; D000942:Antigens, Bacterial / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004686:Encephalomyocarditis virus / Q000254:growth & development / Q000276:immunology; D004926:Escherichia coli; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007106:Immune Sera / Q000494:pharmacology; D018445:Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical; D007700:Kinetics; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009924:Organ Culture Techniques; D010920:Placenta / Q000821:virology*; D011247:Pregnancy; D012307:Risk Factors; D014210:Treponema pallidum / Q000276:immunology; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology; D014721:Vesicular stomatitis Indiana virus / Q000254:growth & development / Q000276:immunology; D014777:Virus Diseases / Q000635:transmission*; D014779:Virus Replication / Q000187:drug effects
D000906:Antibodies; D000942:Antigens, Bacterial; D007106:Immune Sera; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha