title: A CalDAG-GEFI/Rap1/B-Raf cassette couples M(1) muscarinic acetylcholine receptors to the activation of ERK1/2.
abstract: In this study we examine signaling pathways linking the M(1) subtype of muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (M(1) mAChR) to activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK) 1 and 2 in neuronal PC12D cells. We first show that activation of ERK1/2 by the M(1) mAChR agonist carbachol takes place primarily via a Ras-independent pathway that depends largely upon Rap1, another small GTP-binding protein in the Ras family. Rap1 in turn activates B-Raf, an upstream activator of ERK1/2. Consistent with these results, carbachol was found to activate Rap1 more potently than Ras. Similar to other small GTP-binding proteins, activation of Rap1 requires a guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) to promote its conversion from the GDP- to GTP-bound form. Using specific antibodies, we show that a recently identified Rap1 GEF, calcium- and diacylglycerol-regulated guanine nucleotide exchange factor I (CalDAG-GEFI), is expressed in PC12D cells and that carbachol stimulates the formation of a complex containing CalDAG-GEFI, Rap1, and activated B-Raf. Finally, we show that expression of CalDAG-GEFI antisense RNA largely blocks carbachol-stimulated activation of hemagglutinin (HA)1-tagged B-Raf and formation of the CalDAG-GEFI/Rap1/HA1-tagged B-Raf complex. Together, these data define a novel signaling pathway for M(1) mAChR, where increases in Ca(2+) and diacylglycerol stimulate the sequential activation of CalDAG-GEFI, Rap1, and B-Raf, resulting in the activation of MEK and ERK1/2.
authors: Department of Neurochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan. feifan@m.u-tokyo.ac.jp
authors: F F
authors: FF
authors: Guo
authors: E
authors: E
authors: Kumahara
authors: D
authors: D
authors: Saffen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D004075:Diglycerides / Q000378:metabolism; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D020662:Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factors / Q000378:metabolism*; D006153:Guanosine Diphosphate / Q000378:metabolism; D006160:Guanosine Triphosphate / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D048728:MAP Kinase Kinase Kinase 1; D046911:Macromolecular Substances; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1 / Q000378:metabolism*; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D016716:PC12 Cells; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D019908:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-raf / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D043643:Receptor, Muscarinic M1; D011976:Receptors, Muscarinic / Q000378:metabolism*; D020827:rap1 GTP-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D004075:Diglycerides; D020662:Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factors; D046911:Macromolecular Substances; C415483:RASGRP2 protein, human; D043643:Receptor, Muscarinic M1; D011976:Receptors, Muscarinic; D006153:Guanosine Diphosphate; D006160:Guanosine Triphosphate; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D019908:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-raf; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D048728:MAP Kinase Kinase Kinase 1; C482576:MAP3K1 protein, human; D020827:rap1 GTP-Binding Proteins; D002118:Calcium