title: The nuclear receptor PPAR gamma is expressed by mouse T lymphocytes and PPAR gamma agonists induce apoptosis.
abstract: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-gamma is a nuclear hormone receptor that serves as a trans factor to regulate lipid metabolism. Intense interest is focused on PPAR-gamma and its ligands owing to its putative role in adipocyte differentiation. Little is known, however, about the functions of PPAR-gamma in the immune system, especially in T lymphocytes. We demonstrate that both naive and activated ovalbumin-specific T cells from DO11.10-transgenic mice express PPAR-gamma mRNA and protein. In order to determine the function of PPAR-gamma, T cells were stimulated with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate and ionomycin or antigen and antigen-presenting cells. Simultaneous exposure to PPAR-gamma ligands (e. g. 15-deoxy-Delta(12, 14)-prostaglandin J(2), troglitazone) showed drastic inhibition of proliferation and significant decreases in cell viability. The decrease in cell viability was due to apoptosis of the T lymphocytes, and occurred only when cells were treated with PPAR-gamma, and not PPAR-alpha agonists, revealing specificity of this response for PPAR-gamma. These observations suggest that PPAR-gamma agonists play an important role in regulating T cell-mediated immune responses by inducing apoptosis. T cell death via PPAR-gamma ligation may act as a potent anti-inflammatory signal in the immune system, and ligands could possibly be used to control disorders in which excessive inflammation occurs.
authors: Department of Microbiology and Immunology and James P. Wilmot Cancer Center, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642, USA.
authors: S G
authors: SG
authors: Harris
authors: R P
authors: RP
authors: Phipps
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017951:Antigen Presentation; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002839:Chromans / Q000494:pharmacology; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D020287:In Situ Nick-End Labeling; D015759:Ionomycin / Q000494:pharmacology; D008024:Ligands; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D015230:Prostaglandin D2 / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D011743:Pyrimidines / Q000494:pharmacology; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear / Q000819:agonists* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D013047:Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism*; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate / Q000494:pharmacology; D013844:Thiazoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D045162:Thiazolidinediones; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000819:agonists* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D000077288:Troglitazone
chemical_list: C097240:15-deoxy-delta(12,14)-prostaglandin J2; D002839:Chromans; D008024:Ligands; D011743:Pyrimidines; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear; D013844:Thiazoles; D045162:Thiazolidinediones; D014157:Transcription Factors; D015759:Ionomycin; C006253:pirinixic acid; D000077288:Troglitazone; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate; D015230:Prostaglandin D2; C039671:ciglitazone