Mechanisms of nutritional and hormonal regulation of lipogenesis.
Fat build-up is determined by the balance between lipogenesis and lipolysis/fatty acid oxidation. In the past few years, our understanding of the nutritional, hormonal and particularly transcriptional regulation of lipogenesis has expanded greatly. Lipogenesis is stimulated by a high carbohydrate diet, whereas it is inhibited by polyunsaturated fatty acids and by fasting. These effects are partly mediated by hormones, which inhibit (growth hormone, leptin) or stimulate (insulin) lipogenesis. Recent research has established that sterol regulatory element binding protein-1 is a critical intermediate in the pro- or anti-lipogenic action of several hormones and nutrients. Another transcription factor implicated in lipogenesis is the peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma. Both transcription factors are attractive targets for pharmaceutical intervention of disorders such as hypertriglyceridemia and obesity.
Kersten
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Nutrition, Metabolism and Genomics Group, Wageningen University, PO Box 8129, 6700 EV Wageningen, The Netherlands. sander.kersten@staff.nutepi.wau.nl
D017667:Adipocytes / Q000502:physiology; D000818:Animals; D022762:CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D004032:Diet; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000378:metabolism; D022781:Hepatocytes / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008055:Lipids / Q000502:physiology*; D008954:Models, Biological; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear / Q000378:metabolism; D051780:Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Protein 1; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism; D014158:Transcription, Genetic
D022762:CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D005227:Fatty Acids; D008055:Lipids; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear; C497387:SREBF1 protein, human; D051780:Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Protein 1; D014157:Transcription Factors