title: Bungee cord-associated ocular trauma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To discuss the incidence and to characterize the clinical features of ocular trauma associated with bungee cord injuries.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective case series.
  
  
  METHODS
  The authors identified 67 subjects (60 males) treated at Wills Eye Hospital for ocular trauma resulting from bungee cords between September 1, 1994, and September 1, 1999.
  
  
  METHODS
  The authors reviewed subjects' records from Wills Eye Hospital, records from outside physicians involved in the subjects' care, and conducted telephone interviews when additional information was needed.
  
  
  METHODS
  Each chart was reviewed for demographic information, mechanism of injury, presenting visual acuity, anterior segment, posterior segment and periocular injuries, medical and surgical intervention, final visual acuity, and length of follow-up.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean visual acuity on presentation was 20/150. The most common anterior, posterior, and periocular injuries were hyphema (42/67, 63%), commotio retinae (30/55, 55%), and eyelid edema/ecchymosis (40/67, 60%), respectively. Seven subjects (10%) sustained open globe injuries, three (4%) of whom required enucleation. Eighteen subjects (27%) required medical treatment, and 4 subjects (6%) required surgical treatment for increased intraocular pressure. A total of 21 subjects (31%) required some form of surgical intervention. Mean final visual acuity was 20/60, with an average follow-up of 34 weeks.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This series, the largest to date, demonstrates a wide spectrum of serious ocular injuries related to bungee cord use. Medical and surgical treatments are commonly necessary to manage these injuries. We advocate a modification in the design of these cords and appropriate printed warnings directed to the users of bungee cords regarding the potential for severe ocular trauma.
authors: Retina Service, Wills Eye Hospital, Thomas Jefferson University, 900 Walnut Street, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA.
authors: A J
authors: AJ
authors: Aldave
authors: G S
authors: GS
authors: Gertner
authors: G H
authors: GH
authors: Davis
authors: C D
authors: CD
authors: Regillo
authors: J B
authors: JB
authors: Jeffers
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D004867:Equipment Design; D015353:Eye Enucleation; D005129:Eye Foreign Bodies / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000601:surgery; D015807:Eye Injuries, Penetrating / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007899:Leisure Activities; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013508:Ophthalmologic Surgical Procedures; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012408:Rubber; D014792:Visual Acuity
chemical_list: D012408:Rubber