Kalopanaxsaponin A is a basic saponin structure for the anti-tumor activity of hederagenin monodesmosides.
Hederagenin, delta-hederin [hederagenin alpha-L-arabinoside], kalopanax-saponin A [hederagenin 3-O-alpha-L-rhamnosyl(1-->2)-alpha-L- arabinoside], kalopanaxsaponin I [hederagenin 3-O-beta-D-xylosyl(1-->3)-alpha-L- rhamnosyl(1-->2)-alpha-L-arabinoside], and sapindoside C [hederagenin 3-O-beta-D-glucosyl(1-->4)-beta-D-xylsyl (1-->3)-alpha-L-rhamnosyl(1-->2)-alpha-L-arabinoside] were isolated from stem bark of Kalopanax pictus Nakai (Araliaceae). Among glycosides of hederagenin, disaccharide (kalopanaxsaponin A, commonly also called alpha-hederin), trisaccharide (kalopanaxsaponin I), and tetrasaccharide (sapindoside C) showed significant cytotoxicity on several types of tumor cells, while hederagenin itself exhibited only weak cytotoxicity and its monosaccharide (delta-hederin) was non-cytotoxic. From these results, it suggests that the arabinosyl moiety at C-3 blocks the activity of hederagenin and the position of the second sugar for glycoside linkage is also important for cytotoxicity. In the in vivo experiments, kalopanaxsaponin A (15 mg/kg, i.p.) apparently increased the life span of mice bearing Colon 26 and 3LL Lewis lung carcinoma, as well as cisplatin (3 mg/kg, i.p.). These results indicated that kalopanaxsaponin A has potential anti-tumor applications.
Park
H J
HJ
Division of Applied Plant Science, Sangji University, Wonju, Korea.
Kwon
S H
SH
Lee
J H
JH
Lee
K H
KH
Miyamoto
K
K
Lee
K T
KT
D000818:Animals; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018827:Carcinoma, Lewis Lung; D006027:Glycosides / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008815:Mice, Inbred Strains; D015394:Molecular Structure; D009828:Oleanolic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018547:Plant Stems / Q000737:chemistry; D010946:Plants, Medicinal / Q000737:chemistry*; D012503:Saponins / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured / Q000187:drug effects
D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; D006027:Glycosides; D012503:Saponins; C010177:beta-hederin; D009828:Oleanolic Acid; C025763:hederagenin