title: Pseudoachalasia as a result of metastatic cervical cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Distinguishing achalasia from pseudoachalasia can be difficult, as the clinical, radiological, and manometric findings can be similar to those seen in achalasia. The features that may differentiate achalasia from pseudoachalasia are reviewed and the pathogenesis of pseudoachalasia is discussed.
  
  
  METHODS
  A patient presented with a clinical scenario of achalasia that was documented by radiographic, endoscopic, and manometric studies. Her past medical history was significant for cervical cancer. Although brief improvement in symptoms was achieved with botulinum toxin injections and esophageal dilation, she had continued progression of symptoms. This direct involvement of the esophagus by a tumor was not demonstrated by any of the routine preoperative studies.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At the time of surgery, extensive involvement of the diaphragm, esophagus, and pericardium by a tumor was noted. Pathologic analysis of the tumor was consistent with metastatic cervical cancer
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pseudoachalasia has been known to occur in response to both benign and malignant causes. Differentiating between pseudoachalasia and achalasia is often difficult because of the similarities. As in this case, the diagnosis of pseudoachalasia may be made by surgical exploration.
authors: Department of Surgery, Metropolitan Hospital, New York Medical College, New York, USA.
authors: O S
authors: OS
authors: Bholat
authors: R S
authors: RS
authors: Haluck
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001707:Biopsy, Needle; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000150:complications* / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000556:secondary* / Q000601:surgery; D004931:Esophageal Achalasia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology*; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology / Q000556:secondary* / Q000601:surgery; D004945:Esophagoscopy; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D018570:Risk Assessment; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology* / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000601:surgery