title: Antibiotic-resistant bacteria in pediatric chronic sinusitis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Limited information exists on emerging bacterial resistance patterns in pediatric chronic sinusitis.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective review (1995 to 1998) of the aerobic microbiology of chronic sinusitis in children at a tertiary care children's hospital was conducted. One hundred nineteen children (mean age, 4.9 years) with maxillary sinusitis of >8 weeks duration and no known immunodeficiency or cystic fibrosis who underwent antral irrigation were included.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One hundred sixty-one of 240 (67%) aerobic cultures were positive, yielding 274 isolates. Eighty-eight positive cultures were polymicrobial. The most frequent isolates were nontypable Haemophilus influenzae (24%), Streptococcus pneumoniae (19%), Moraxella catarrhalis (17%), coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (6%), alpha-streptococci (6%), diphtheroids (5%), Staphylococcus aureus (3%) and Neisseria spp. (3%). Rates of nonsusceptibility of Streptococcus pneumoniae were 64% for penicillin (24% high grade resistance), 40% for cefotaxime, 18% for clindamycin and 0% for vancomycin. Rates of nonsusceptibility of S. pneumoniae did not change significantly during the study period. Thirty-nine percent of H. influenzae isolates were beta-lactamase-positive and 44% were nonsusceptible to ampicillin (41% high grade resistance). Beta-lactamase positivity of H. influenzae decreased during the study period (P = 0.06). All M. catarrhalis isolates tested were beta-lactamase-positive.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study indicates that the aerobic pathogens in pediatric chronic sinusitis include bacteria typical of acute sinusitis as well as organisms more characteristic of chronic disease. Moreover it highlights the significant role of antibiotic-resistant aerobes, including multiply resistant S. pneumoniae, in pediatric chronic sinusitis.
authors: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Colorado School of Medicine, The Children's Hospital, Denver, USA.
authors: C L
authors: CL
authors: Slack
authors: K A
authors: KA
authors: Dahn
authors: M J
authors: MJ
authors: Abzug
authors: K H
authors: KH
authors: Chan
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001420:Bacteria, Aerobic / Q000187:drug effects*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002908:Chronic Disease; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial; D024901:Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; D005260:Female; D006193:Haemophilus influenzae / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D010403:Penicillin Resistance; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012852:Sinusitis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000382:microbiology*; D013210:Staphylococcus / Q000187:drug effects; D013296:Streptococcus pneumoniae / Q000187:drug effects; D001618:beta-Lactamases
chemical_list: D001618:beta-Lactamases