title: The radiofrequency modified maze procedure. A less invasive surgical approach to atrial fibrillation during open-heart surgery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Patients with mitral valve disease and suffering of atrial fibrillation of more than 1 year's duration have a low probability of remaining in sinus rhythm after valve surgery alone. Intraoperative radiofrequency ablation was used as an alternative to simplify the surgical maze procedure.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventy-two patients with mitral valve disease, aged 63+/-11 years ranging from 31 to 80 years, underwent valve surgery and radiofrequency energy applied endocardially, based on the maze III procedure to eliminate the arrhythmia. The right-sided maze was performed on the beating heart and the left-sided maze during aorta cross-clamping.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Surgical procedures included mitral valve repair (n=38) or replacement (n=34) and in addition tricuspid valve repair (n=42), closure of an atrial septal defect (n=2) and correction of cor triatriatum (n=1). The left-sided maze needed 14+/-3 min extra ischemic time. There were two in-hospital deaths (2.7%) and three patients (4.2%) died during follow-up of 20+/-15 months. Among 67 surviving patients, 51 patients (76%) were in sinus rhythm, two patients (3%) had an atrial rhythm and eight patients (12%) had persistent atrial fibrillation or atrial flutter. Four patients had a pacemaker implanted, in one patient because of sinus node dysfunction. Doppler echocardiography in 64 patients demonstrated right atrial contractility in 89% and left atrial transport in 91% of patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Intraoperative radiofrequency ablation of atrial fibrillation is an effective and less invasive alternative for the original maze procedure to eliminate atrial fibrillation.
authors: Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Ziekenhuis De Weezenlanden, Groot Wezenland 20, 8011 JW Zwolle, The Netherlands. hauwsie@worldonline.nl
authors: H T
authors: HT
authors: Sie
authors: W P
authors: WP
authors: Beukema
authors: A R
authors: AR
authors: Ramdat Misier
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Elvan
authors: J J
authors: JJ
authors: Ennema
authors: H J
authors: HJ
authors: Wellens
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001281:Atrial Fibrillation / Q000601:surgery*; D006348:Cardiac Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D017115:Catheter Ablation; D005260:Female; D006349:Heart Valve Diseases / Q000601:surgery; D017052:Hospital Mortality; D006801:Humans; D007432:Intraoperative Period; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008943:Mitral Valve / Q000601:surgery*