title: Liver abscess after transcatheter oily chemoembolization for hepatic tumors: incidence, predisposing factors, and clinical outcome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the incidence of, predisposing factors for, and clinical outcome of liver abscess developing in patients with hepatic tumors after transcatheter oily chemoembolization (TOCE).
  
  
  METHODS
  During the past 6-year period, 2,439 patients with hepatic tumors underwent a total of 6,255 TOCE procedures. With a retrospective review of medical records, the authors evaluated the occurrence of liver abscess, the statistical significance of potential predisposing factors including portal vein obstruction, metastatic tumors, biliary abnormalities (type 1, simple biliary obstruction; type 2, status prone to ascending biliary infection), malignant gastrointestinal mucosal lesions, and additional gelatin sponge particle embolization in liver abscess formation, and the clinical outcome of abscess.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fifteen liver abscesses occurred in 14 patients (0.2%). Liver abscesses developed in three of 987 (0.3%) TOCE procedures for portal vein obstruction, three of 114 (2.6%) procedures for metastatic tumors, one of 49 (1.8%) for type 1 biliary abnormality, four of 55 (7.4%) for type 2 biliary abnormality, two of 18 (11.1%) for malignant gastrointestinal mucosal lesion, and nine of 2,108 (0.4%) for additional gelatin sponge particle embolization. Univariate and multivariate statistical analysis showed that type 2 biliary abnormality was a significant predisposing factor. The mortality related to liver abscess occurred in two patients (13.3%). Thirteen liver abscesses were successfully treated with parenteral antibiotics and percutaneous catheter drainage. However, irreversible deterioration of liver function occurred in two patients. Two of nine further TOCE procedures in three patients caused recurrent septicemia and liver abscess.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The biliary abnormality prone to ascending biliary infection was the most important predisposing factor to the development of liver abscess after TOCE. Postembolic liver abscess could be effectively managed with percutaneous catheter drainage.
authors: Department of Radiology and Institute of Radiation Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, and Clinical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Korea.
authors: S Y
authors: SY
authors: Song
authors: J W
authors: JW
authors: Chung
authors: J K
authors: JK
authors: Han
authors: H G
authors: HG
authors: Lim
authors: Y H
authors: YH
authors: Koh
authors: J H
authors: JH
authors: Park
authors: H S
authors: HS
authors: Lee
authors: C Y
authors: CY
authors: Kim
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D015984:Causality; D016461:Chemoembolization, Therapeutic; D002779:Cholestasis / Q000453:epidemiology; D003251:Constriction, Pathologic / Q000453:epidemiology; D004317:Doxorubicin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004322:Drainage; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007459:Iodized Oil / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008100:Liver Abscess / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D011169:Portal Vein; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D007459:Iodized Oil; D004317:Doxorubicin