title: Shaping ability of Hero 642 rotary nickel-titanium instruments in simulated root canals: Part 2.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the shaping ability of Hero 642 nickel-titanium rotary instruments during the preparation of simulated canals.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 40 simulated root canals made up of four different shapes, in terms of angle and position of curvature, were prepared by Hero 642 instruments using a crown-down preparation sequence. Pre- and postoperative images of the canals were taken using a video camera attached to a computer with image analysis software. The pre- and postoperative views were superimposed to highlight the amount and position of material removed during preparation. This report describes the efficacy of the instruments in terms of prevalence of canal aberrations, the amount and direction of canal transportation and overall postoperative shape.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Four zips and four elbows were created during preparation, all in canals with 40 degrees, 12 mm curves. No perforations or danger zones were created. Highly significant differences (P < 0.001) were apparent between the canal shapes in total canal width at the apex and beginning of the curve, and in the amount of resin removed from the inner and outer aspects of the curve at the orifice. Canal transportation was most frequently directed toward the outer aspect of the curve at specific points along the canal, except at the orifice, where it was apparent that canals with 20 degrees curves transported toward the inner. Overall, mean absolute transportation was always less than 0.15 mm; however, significant differences occurred between canal shapes at the end-point (P < 0.01), apex of the curve (P < 0.01) and at the orifice (P < 0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Under the conditions of this study, Hero 642 rotary nickel-titanium instruments created canals with few aberrations and no perforations. The relatively high proportion of aberrations in canals with short, acute curves may indicate that instruments with increased taper should be used with caution at or near the full working distance. Further research in real teeth is necessary to elucidate the full potential of these new rotary instruments for use in root canal preparation.
authors: Department of Adult Dental Health, Dental School, University of Wales College of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XY, UK. thompsonsa@cardiff.ac.uk
authors: S A
authors: SA
authors: Thompson
authors: P M
authors: PM
authors: Dummer
mesh_terms: D003754:Dental High-Speed Equipment; D003762:Dental Instruments; D003786:Dental Pulp Cavity / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D003765:Models, Dental; D009532:Nickel; D009811:Odontometry; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D018915:Root Canal Preparation / Q000295:instrumentation*; D014025:Titanium
chemical_list: C040654:titanium nickelide; D009532:Nickel; D014025:Titanium