title: The influence of INK4 proteins on growth and self-renewal kinetics of hematopoietic progenitor cells.
abstract: This study investigated the influence of expression of proteins of the INK4 family, particularly p16, on the growth and self-renewal kinetics of hematopoietic cells. First, retrovirus-mediated gene transfer (RMGT) was used to restore p16(INK4a) expression in the p16(INK4a)-deficient lymphoid and myeloid cell lines BV173 and K562, and it was confirmed that this inhibited their growth. Second, to sequester p16(INK4a) and related INK4 proteins, cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4) was retrovirally transduced into normal human CD34(+) bone marrow cells and then cultured in myeloid colony-forming cell (CFC) assays. The growth of CDK4-transduced colonies was more rapid; the cell-doubling time was reduced; and, upon replating, the colonies produced greater yields of secondary colonies than mock-untransduced controls. Third, colony formation was compared by marrow cells from p16(INK4a-/-) mice and wild-type mice. The results from p16(INK4a-/-) marrow were similar to those from CDK4-transduced human CFCs, in terms of growth rate and replating ability, and were partially reversed by RMGT of p16(INK4a). Lines of immature granulocytic cells were raised from 15 individual colonies grown from the marrow of p16(INK4a-/-) mice. These had a high colony-forming ability (15%) and replating efficiency (96.7%). The p16(INK4a-/-) cell lines readily became growth factor-independent upon cytokine deprivation. Taken together, these results demonstrate that loss of INK4 proteins, in particular p16(INK4a), increases the growth rate of myeloid colonies in vitro and, more importantly, confers an increased ability for clonal expansion on hematopoietic progenitor cells.
authors: LRF Centre for Adult Leukaemia, Department of Haematology, Imperial College School of Medicine, Hammersmith Campus, London, United Kingdom.
authors: J L
authors: JL
authors: Lewis
authors: W
authors: W
authors: Chinswangwatanakul
authors: B
authors: B
authors: Zheng
authors: S B
authors: SB
authors: Marley
authors: D X
authors: DX
authors: Nguyen
authors: N C
authors: NC
authors: Cross
authors: L
authors: L
authors: Banerji
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Glassford
authors: N S
authors: NS
authors: Thomas
authors: J M
authors: JM
authors: Goldman
authors: E W
authors: EW
authors: Lam
authors: M Y
authors: MY
authors: Gordon
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002455:Cell Division / Q000502:physiology; D002460:Cell Line; D019941:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16 / Q000502:physiology*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000502:physiology; D016147:Genes, Tumor Suppressor; D006412:Hematopoietic Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice
chemical_list: D019941:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16