title: Developing a training program to improve supervisor-resident relationships, step 1: defining the types of issues.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  By some estimates, the teacher-learner relationship explains roughly half of the variance attributed to the effectiveness of teaching. Despite this, relationships largely have been ignored in the educational literature.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This qualitative pilot study sought to identify factors in the supervisor-resident relationship that hinder learning among University of Toronto psychiatry residents.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirteen postgraduate-year residents in Years 2-5 and their supervisors were interviewed regarding interactions that either assisted or adversely affected learning.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Qualitative analysis of the interview data led to the identification of 5 types of issues affecting the supervisory relationship: goals and individual differences, communication and feedback, power and rivalry, support and collegiality, and role modeling and expertise. Face validity was supported when typed anonymous written feedback obtained from annual supervisor evaluations also could be organized into the 5 categories.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Recognition of the types of interpersonal interactions that assist or hinder learning may contribute to enhanced teaching effectiveness.
authors: Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. j.sinai@utoronto.ca
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Sinai
authors: R G
authors: RG
authors: Tiberius
authors: J
authors: J
authors: de Groot
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Brunet
authors: P
authors: P
authors: Voore
mesh_terms: D002170:Canada; D003142:Communication; D003625:Data Collection; D004503:Education, Medical, Graduate / Q000458:organization & administration; D005246:Feedback; D006784:Hospitals, Teaching / Q000458:organization & administration; D006801:Humans; D007396:Internship and Residency / Q000458:organization & administration*; D007400:Interprofessional Relations; D008611:Mentors; D009937:Organizational Objectives; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011209:Power, Psychological; D016730:Program Development; D011570:Psychiatry / Q000193:education*