title: Prognostic significance of lymphocyte infiltration following preoperative chemoradiotherapy and hyperthermia for esophageal cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Lymphocyte infiltration (LI) around cancerous lesions is an important immune response. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the prognostic significance of LI after preoperative treatment for esophageal cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Preoperative chemoradiotherapy (CR therapy), either bleomycin 30 mg or cisplatin 120 mg/m(2) plus radiation 30 Gy, was performed on 51 cases with esophageal cancer, while hyperthermo-chemoradiotherapy (HCR therapy) was also indicated in 71 cases. Using resected specimens, both the histopathologic effectiveness and degree of LI to cancerous lesions were evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The incidences of the cases in which preoperative treatment was effective were 56% and 92.3% in LI (-) and LI (++) group (p < 0.05). The presence of LI resulted in favorable prognosis; the 5-year survival rates of LI (++) and LI (+) patients were 75.5% and 46.1%, both of which were significantly better than LI (-) (27.8%, p < 0.05 and p < 0.01, respectively). Especially among cases whose preoperative treatment was moderately effective, a multivariate analysis revealed LI to be a favorable prognostic factor independent of other clinicopathologic factors (p = 0.0171). Regarding the preoperative treatment, the incidence of LI (++) was higher in the HCR group (16.9%) than in the CR group (2.0%, p < 0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  LI appears to be a prognostic predictor after preoperative CR therapy while, in addition, simultaneous hyperthermia may stimulate LI in cases with esophageal cancer.
authors: Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Morita
authors: H
authors: H
authors: Kuwano
authors: K
authors: K
authors: Araki
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Egashira
authors: H
authors: H
authors: Kawaguchi
authors: H
authors: H
authors: Saeki
authors: K
authors: K
authors: Kitamura
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Ohno
authors: K
authors: K
authors: Sugimachi
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001761:Bleomycin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy; D002945:Cisplatin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006979:Hyperthermia, Induced; D007111:Immunity, Cellular; D016246:Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011379:Prognosis; D011879:Radiotherapy Dosage; D012044:Regression Analysis; D015996:Survival Rate
chemical_list: D001761:Bleomycin; D002945:Cisplatin