title: Hemodynamics of semilunar valves at rest and exercise at an average of more than two years after the Ross procedure.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Rest, and especially exercise, hemodynamics are valuable determinants to assess outcome of the Ross procedure. In this study, the degree of insufficiency and pressure gradients at rest across the autograft and homograft, as well as the pressure gradients at exercise, were measured.
  
  
  METHODS
  Among 115 patients operated on between February 1990 and February 1999, 67 were evaluated echocardiographically at rest and moderate exercise. The mean patient age at subcoronary implantation was 52 +/- 13 years. The mean interval between surgery and investigation was 27.3 +/- 17.4 months. The exercise level was 100 W (n = 47), 75 W (n = 14) or 50 W (n = 6).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fifty-two patients had no or trace aortic insufficiency, 23 were grade I/IV, and two were grade II/IV. Pulmonary insufficiency was graded as none (n = 45), mild (n = 21), and moderate (n = 1). Heart rate increased from 70 +/- 12 beats/min at rest to 108 +/- 19 beats/min at exercise. The maximal pressure gradient across the autograft increased from 6.1 +/- 2.3 mmHg at rest to 8.7 +/- 4.1 mmHg at exercise. The maximal pressure gradient across the homograft increased from 11.8 +/- 5.3 mmHg at rest to 17.7 +/- 8.2 mmHg at exercise. A pressure gradient across the homograft >25 mmHg was measured in 13 patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In most patients, hemodynamics at rest and moderate exercise at an average of more than two years after the Ross procedure were excellent. Some homografts developed pressure gradients at exercise; this finding will form the target of future surgical and scientific investigations.
authors: Department of Cardiac Surgery, Medical University of Luebeck, Germany.
authors: H H
authors: HH
authors: Sievers
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Schmidtke
authors: B
authors: B
authors: Graf
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001021:Aortic Valve / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000637:transplantation*; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D005080:Exercise Test; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006349:Heart Valve Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011664:Pulmonary Valve / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000637:transplantation*; D012146:Rest / Q000502:physiology*; D014182:Transplantation, Autologous / Q000502:physiology*; D014463:Ultrasonography