title: [PASS neurocognitive dysfunction in attention deficit].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Attention deficit disorder shows both cognitive and behavioral patterns.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine a particular PASS (planning, attention, successive and simultaneous) pattern in order to early diagnosis and remediation according to PASS theory.
  
  
  METHODS
  80 patients were selected from the neuropediatric attendance, aged 6 to 12 years old, 55 boys and 25 girls. Inclusion criteria were inattention (80 cases) and inattention with hyperactive symptoms (40 cases) according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM-IV). Exclusion criteria were the criteria of phonologic awareness previously reported, considered useful to diagnose dyslexia. A control group of 300 individuals, aged 5 to 12 years old, was used, criteria above mentioned being controlled. DN:CAS (Das-Naglieri Cognitive Assessment System) battery, translated to native language, was given to assess PASS cognitive processes. Results were analyzed with cluster analysis and t-Student test. Statistical factor analysis of the control group had previously identified the four PASS processes: planning, attention, successive and simultaneous.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The dendrogram of the cluster analysis discriminated three categories of attention deficit disorder: 1. The most frequent, with planning deficit; 2. Without planning deficit but with deficit in other processes, and 3. Just only a few cases, without cognitive processing deficit. Cognitive deficiency in terms of means of scores was statistically significant when compared to control group (p = 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  According to PASS pattern, planning deficiency is a relevant factor. Neurological planning is not exactly the same than neurological executive function. The behavioral pattern is mainly linked to planning deficiency, but also to other PASS processing deficits and even to no processing deficit.
authors: Unidad de Neuropediatría/Unidad de Neuropsicopedagogía, Hospital Universitari Dr. J. Trueta, Girona, España. fpereza@comg.es
authors: F
authors: F
authors: Pérez-Alvarez
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Timoneda-Gallart
mesh_terms: D001288:Attention; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000150:complications / Q000523:psychology*; D002648:Child; D002652:Child Behavior; D002675:Child, Preschool; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007360:Intelligence; D007807:Language Tests; D008297:Male; D008606:Mental Processes / Q000502:physiology*; D008960:Models, Psychological; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests