Activation of nuclear transcription factor kappa B (NF-kappaB) is essential for dopamine-induced apoptosis in PC12 cells.
The etiology of Parkinson's disease is still unknown, though current investigations support the notion of the pivotal involvement of oxidative stress in the process of neurodegeneration in the substantia nigra (SN). In the present study, we investigated the molecular mechanisms underlying cellular response to a challenge by dopamine, one of the local oxidative stressors in the SN. Based on studies showing that nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappaB) is activated by oxidative stress, we studied the involvement of NF-kappaB in the toxicity of PC12 cells following dopamine exposure. We found that dopamine (0.1-0.5 m M) treatment increased the phosphorylation of the IkappaB protein, the inhibitory subunit of NF-kappaB in the cytoplasm. Immunoblot analysis demonstrated the presence of NF-kappaB-p65 protein in the nuclear fraction and its disappearance from the cytoplasmic fraction after 2 h of dopamine exposure. Dopamine-induced NF-kappaB activation was also evidenced by electromobility shift assay using radioactive labeled NF-kappaB consensus DNA sequence. Cell-permeable NF-kappaB inhibitor SN-50 rescued the cells from dopamine-induced apoptosis and showed the importance of NF-kappaB activation to the induction of apoptosis. Furthermore, flow cytometry assay demonstrated a higher level of translocated NF-kappaB-p65 in the apoptotic nuclei than in the unaffected nuclei. In conclusion, our findings suggest that NF-kappaB activation is essential to dopamine-induced apoptosis in PC12 cells and it may be involved in nigral neurodegeneration in patients with Parkinson's disease.
Panet
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Department of Neurology, Rabin Medical Center and the Laboratory for Neurosciences, Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Petah Tikva and Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv, Israel.
Barzilai
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Daily
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Melamed
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Offen
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D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D053148:Caspase 3; D061945:Caspase Inhibitors; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000378:metabolism; D015853:Cysteine Proteinase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D003593:Cytoplasm / Q000378:metabolism; D004298:Dopamine / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000633:toxicity; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D020672:I-kappa B Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000502:physiology; D009410:Nerve Degeneration; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D009842:Oligopeptides / Q000494:pharmacology; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D016716:PC12 Cells / Q000187:drug effects*; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism; D010455:Peptides / Q000494:pharmacology; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000187:drug effects; D011499:Protein Processing, Post-Translational / Q000187:drug effects; D051381:Rats; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D051996:Transcription Factor RelA
D000975:Antioxidants; D061945:Caspase Inhibitors; D015853:Cysteine Proteinase Inhibitors; D020672:I-kappa B Proteins; D016328:NF-kappa B; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D009842:Oligopeptides; D010455:Peptides; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; C118258:SN50 peptide; D051996:Transcription Factor RelA; C108637:aspartyl-glutamyl-valyl-aspartal; C118632:tyrosyl-valyl-alanyl-aspartal; C505410:Casp3 protein, rat; D053148:Caspase 3; D004298:Dopamine