title: Expression of homologues for p53 and p73 in the softshell clam (Mya arenaria), a naturally-occurring model for human cancer.
abstract: Homologues for human p53 (Hsp53) and p73 (Hsp73) genes were cloned and expression patterns for their corresponding proteins analysed in tissues from normal and leukemic softshell clams (Mya arenaria). These are the first structural and functional data for p53 and p73 cDNAs and gene products in a naturally occurring, non-mammalian disease model. Core sequence of the predicted clam p53 (Map53) and p73 (Map73) proteins is virtually identical and includes the following highly conserved regions: the transcriptional activation domain (TAD), MDM2 binding site, ATM phosphorylation site, proline rich domain, DNA binding domains (DBDs) II-V, nuclear import and export signals and the tetramerization domain. The core sequence is a structural mosaic of the corresponding human proteins, with the TAD and DBDs resembling Hsp53 and Hsp73, respectively. This suggests that Map53 and Map73 proteins may function similarly to human proteins. Clam proteins have either a short (Map53) or long (Map73) C-terminal extension. These features suggest that Map53 and Map73 may be alternate splice variants of a p63/p73-like ancestral gene. Map73 is significantly upregulated in hemocytes and adductor muscle from leukemic clams. In leukemic hemocytes, both proteins are absent from the nucleus and sequestered in the cytoplasm. This observation suggests that a non-mutational p53/p73-dependent mechanism may be involved in the clam disease. Further studies of these gene products in clams may reveal p53/p73-related molecular mechanisms that are held in common with Burkitt's lymphoma or other human cancers.
authors: Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Molecular Biology and School of Marine Science, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469-5751, USA.
authors: M L
authors: ML
authors: Kelley
authors: P
authors: P
authors: Winge
authors: J D
authors: JD
authors: Heaney
authors: R E
authors: RE
authors: Stephens
authors: J H
authors: JH
authors: Farell
authors: R J
authors: RJ
authors: Van Beneden
authors: C L
authors: CL
authors: Reinisch
authors: M P
authors: MP
authors: Lesser
authors: C W
authors: CW
authors: Walker
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D049872:Bivalvia / Q000235:genetics*; D002451:Cell Compartmentation; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D016147:Genes, Tumor Suppressor / Q000235:genetics*; D006434:Hemocytes / Q000473:pathology; D007938:Leukemia / Q000235:genetics / Q000662:veterinary; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D010802:Phylogeny; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics*; D000072160:Tumor Protein p73; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000235:genetics*; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins
chemical_list: D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; C000606460:TP73 protein, human; D014157:Transcription Factors; D000072160:Tumor Protein p73; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins