Distinct outcomes of chloride diarrhoea in two siblings with identical genetic background of the disease: implications for early diagnosis and treatment.
BACKGROUND
Congenital chloride diarrhoea (CLD, OMIM 214700) is a serious inherited defect of intestinal electrolyte absorption transmitted in an autosomal recessive fashion. The major clinical manifestation is diarrhoea with high chloride content which can be balanced by substitution. The molecular pathology involves an epithelial Cl(-)/HCO(3)(-) exchanger protein, encoded by the solute carrier family 26, member 3 gene (SLC26A3), previously known as CLD or DRA (downregulated in adenomas). To date, almost 30 different mutations in the SLC26A3 gene have been identified throughout the world. No clear genotype-phenotype correlation has been established.


METHODS
Two siblings presenting with CLD were studied for disease history, supplementation, or other treatments, and for mutations in the SLC26A3 gene.


RESULTS
Mutation analysis revealed a homozygous I544N mutation in both patients. However, despite the uniform genetic background of CLD in this family, the clinical picture and outcome of the disease were remarkably different between siblings. The older sibling had a late diagnosis and chronic course of the disease whereas the younger one, who was diagnosed soon after birth and immediately received supplementation therapy, grows and develops normally.


CONCLUSIONS
Time of diagnosis, substitution therapy, compliance, and compensatory mechanisms are more important modulators of the clinical picture of CLD than the type of mutation in the SLC26A3 gene.
Höglund
P
P
Department of Medical Genetics, Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki, Finland. Pia.Hoglund@Helsinki.Fi
Holmberg
C
C
Sherman
P
P
Kere
J
J
D018118:Chloride Channels / Q000235:genetics*; D002712:Chlorides / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003967:Diarrhea / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000628:therapy; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006579:Heterozygote; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D020125:Mutation, Missense / Q000235:genetics; D010349:Patient Compliance; D010375:Pedigree; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011379:Prognosis; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014883:Water-Electrolyte Imbalance / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000628:therapy
D018118:Chloride Channels; D002712:Chlorides