title: Toxicity of photodynamic therapy after combined external beam radiotherapy and intraluminal brachytherapy for carcinoma of the upper aerodigestive tract.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe the toxicity of photodynamic therapy (PDT) in patients with carcinoma of the upper aerodigestive tract who received prior treatment with external beam irradiation and intraluminal brachytherapy (IB).
  
  
  METHODS
  Hospital records of PDT patients were reviewed. Three patients who received prior treatment with external beam irradiation and IB were identified. Two patients had esophageal carcinoma treated with combined chemotherapy and external beam irradiation (55.8 and 50.4 Gy) followed by IB (12 Gy and 35 Gy at 1 cm). These patients then received PDT for treatment of recurrence (2 mg/kg Photofrin injection and 2 light applications: 630 nm, 150--200 J/cm, 200--400 mW/cm). One patient had non-small cell lung cancer treated with external beam irradiation (60 Gy) followed by IB (36.1 Gy at 1 cm) and then received PDT for recurrence (1 mg/kg Photofrin injection and one light application: 630 nm, 150 J/cm, 200 mW/cm).
  
  
  RESULTS
  One patient with esophagus cancer had formation of a tracheoesophageal fistula, which required stent placement. The other esophageal cancer patient developed quadriplegia due to an epidural abscess arising from a fistula with the diseased portion of the esophagus. The lung cancer patient had massive hemoptysis after the procedure and died 2 days later. Autopsy showed necrotizing arteritis of the right pulmonary artery.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients with upper aerodigestive tract carcinoma who have received treatment with both external beam irradiation and IB seem to be at higher risk for complications when treated with PDT.
authors: Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pennsylvania Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.
authors: N J
authors: NJ
authors: Sanfilippo
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Hsi
authors: A S
authors: AS
authors: DeNittis
authors: G G
authors: GG
authors: Ginsberg
authors: M L
authors: ML
authors: Kochman
authors: J S
authors: JS
authors: Friedberg
authors: S M
authors: SM
authors: Hahn
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000008:administration & dosage; D001918:Brachytherapy; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy*; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy*; D017809:Fatal Outcome; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D010778:Photochemotherapy / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods; D011379:Prognosis; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D018570:Risk Assessment