title: Protein kinase C activation by PMA rapidly induces apoptosis through caspase-3/CPP32 and serine protease(s) in a gastric cancer cell line.
abstract: Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) rapidly induced cell death in SNU-16 gastric adenocarcinoma cells. DNA ladder formation and caspase-3/CPP32 activation were observed in PMA treated cells indicating that PMA induces apoptosis. z-DEVD-fmk, specific inhibitor of caspase-3/CPP32, inhibited the induction of apoptosis by PMA, demonstrating that caspase/CPP32 are critically involved in PMA-induced apoptosis. The serine protein inhibitor 4-(2-aminoethyl)benzenesulfonyl fluoride effectively blocked apoptosis, and also prevented caspase-3/CPP32 activation. Go6983, a specific inhibitor of PKC, almost completely suppressed apoptosis and caspase-3/CPP32 activation. Furthermore, 1,2-dihexanoyl-sn-glycerol, an endogenous activator of PKC, induced apoptosis detected by DNA fragmentation and Hoechst 33258 nuclear staining. From these results, we conclude that PMA is not only a tumor promoter, but can also induce apoptosis in gastric cancer cells. PMA-induced apoptosis appears to be mediated through activation of protein kinase C, and the activation of serine protease(s) and caspase-3/CPP32 may be the molecular mechanisms by which PMA induces apoptosis.
authors: Laboratory of Cell Biology, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, Seoul 139-240, Korea.
authors: I C
authors: IC
authors: Park
authors: M J
authors: MJ
authors: Park
authors: C H
authors: CH
authors: Rhee
authors: J I
authors: JI
authors: Lee
authors: T B
authors: TB
authors: Choe
authors: J J
authors: JJ
authors: Jang
authors: S H
authors: SH
authors: Lee
authors: S I
authors: SI
authors: Hong
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D015153:Blotting, Western; D053148:Caspase 3; D020169:Caspases / Q000378:metabolism*; D017868:Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D012697:Serine Endopeptidases / Q000378:metabolism*; D015842:Serine Proteinase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000473:pathology; D013450:Sulfones / Q000494:pharmacology; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D015842:Serine Proteinase Inhibitors; D013450:Sulfones; C002010:4-(2-aminoethyl)benzenesulfonylfluoride; D017868:Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases; D012697:Serine Endopeptidases; C505407:CASP3 protein, human; D053148:Caspase 3; D020169:Caspases; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate