title: Cancer risk in men exposed in utero to diethylstilbestrol.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  An association between prenatal diethylstilbestrol (DES) exposure and cancer in men, especially testicular cancer, has been suspected, but findings from case-control studies have been inconsistent. This study was conducted to investigate the association between prenatal DES exposure and cancer risk in men via prospective follow-up.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 3613 men whose prenatal DES exposure status was known were followed from 1978 through 1994. The overall and site-specific cancer incidence rates among the DES-exposed men were compared with those of the unexposed men in the study and with population-based rates. The relative rate (RR) was used to assess the strength of the association between prenatal DES exposure and cancer development. All statistical tests were two-sided.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall cancer rates among DES-exposed men were similar to those among unexposed men (RR = 1.07; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.58 to 1.96) and to national rates (RR = 0.99; 95% CI = 0.65 to 1.44). Testicular cancer may be elevated among DES-exposed men, since the RRs for testicular cancer were 3.05 (95% CI = 0.65 to 22.0) times those of unexposed men in the study and 2.04 (95% CI = 0.82 to 4.20) times those of males in the population-based rates. The higher rate of testicular cancer in the DES-exposed men is, however, also compatible with a chance observation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  To date, men exposed to DES in utero do not appear to have an increased risk of most cancers. It remains uncertain, however, whether prenatal DES exposure is associated with testicular cancer.
authors: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA. wstrohsnitter@lifespan.org
authors: W C
authors: WC
authors: Strohsnitter
authors: K L
authors: KL
authors: Noller
authors: R N
authors: RN
authors: Hoover
authors: S J
authors: SJ
authors: Robboy
authors: J R
authors: JR
authors: Palmer
authors: L
authors: L
authors: Titus-Ernstoff
authors: R H
authors: RH
authors: Kaufman
authors: E
authors: E
authors: Adam
authors: A L
authors: AL
authors: Herbst
authors: E E
authors: EE
authors: Hatch
mesh_terms: D002273:Carcinogens / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004054:Diethylstilbestrol / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004968:Estrogens, Non-Steroidal / Q000009:adverse effects; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012306:Risk; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D013736:Testicular Neoplasms / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000453:epidemiology; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D002273:Carcinogens; D004968:Estrogens, Non-Steroidal; D004054:Diethylstilbestrol