title: Hyperfibrinogenemia and metabolic syndrome in type 2 diabetes: a population-based study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  It has been hypothesized that fibrinogen clusters with several components of the metabolic syndrome, thus increasing its cardiovascular risk. The aims of the present study were to assess in a large population-based cohort of patients with type 2 diabetes (1) variables associated with fibrinogen and (2) the relationship between hyperfibrinogenemia, a number of components of the metabolic syndrome, and coronary heart disease (CHD).
  
  
  METHODS
  We identified a cross-sectional, population-based cohort of 1574 patients with type 2 diabetes using multiple sources of ascertainment. Components of the metabolic syndrome were hypertension (systolic blood pressure > or = 160 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure > or = 95 mmHg and/or treatment with antihypertensive drugs), dyslipidemia (tryglicerides >2.82 mmol/l and/or HDL-cholesterol <1.03 mmol/l), hyperuricemia (uric acid >416 micromol/l) and increased albumin excretion rate (AER > or = 20 microg/min).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fibrinogen increases with age, HbA(1c), smoking, hypertension and a number of components of the metabolic syndrome, even after adjustment for confounders. Prevalence of CHD increases linearly across quartiles of fibrinogen (from 26.1 to 40.6%, p=0.046). However, in logistic regression, after adjustment for both confounders and known risk factors for CHD, the role of fibrinogen is no more significant, whereas ORs for HbA(1c) between 6.8 and 8.8% and >8.8% vs values <6.8% are, respectively, 1.91 (95% CI 1.36-2.69) and 1.56 (1.07-2.27).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This population-based study shows that fibrinogen increases with age, HbA(1c), smoking, hypertension and a number of components of the metabolic syndrome, independent of major confounders. We also found that poor blood glucose control was associated with CHD.
authors: Department of Internal Medicine, University of Turin, Turin, Italy. graziella.bruno@katamail.com
authors: G
authors: G
authors: Bruno
authors: P
authors: P
authors: Cavallo-Perin
authors: G
authors: G
authors: Bargero
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Borra
authors: N
authors: N
authors: D'Errico
authors: G
authors: G
authors: Macchia
authors: G
authors: G
authors: Pagano
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001794:Blood Pressure; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology*; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000453:epidemiology*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003925:Diabetic Angiopathies / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D005340:Fibrinogen / Q000032:analysis*; D006801:Humans; D007558:Italy / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood; D014527:Uric Acid / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D014280:Triglycerides; D014527:Uric Acid; D005340:Fibrinogen; D002784:Cholesterol