title: Open globe injuries in children: a retrospective analysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the outcome of open globe injuries in patients aged <14 years and compare the results between patients who presented approximately 30 years ago and a recent series.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between January 1970 and January 1993, 180 eyes of children who presented with an open globe injury were retrospectively analyzed. Patients were divided into two groups. One group of children underwent treatment of an open globe injury between January 1970 and December 1981 (group A) and another between December 1985 and January 1993 (group B). Main outcome measures studied were final visual acuity and enucleation rates. Risk factors studied included age, race, sex, visual acuity, type of trauma, and various injury characteristics at presentation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The factors associated with visual outcomes included: age, type of injury, wound size, initial visual acuity, and retinal detachment. Final visual outcome and enucleation rates were not significantly different between the older series (group A) and the recent series (group B). Lenticular damage, location, posterior extent of the injury, and presence of an intraocular foreign body had been significant prognostic factors in the older series, but were not statistically associated with the prognosis in the recent series.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The nature of the injury and the patient's age are the main determining factors in the outcome of open globe injuries in children.
authors: Wilmer Eye Institute, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD, USA.
authors: A K
authors: AK
authors: Farr
authors: R J
authors: RJ
authors: Hairston
authors: M U
authors: MU
authors: Humayun
authors: M J
authors: MJ
authors: Marsh
authors: D J
authors: DJ
authors: Pieramici
authors: M W
authors: MW
authors: MacCumber
authors: E
authors: E
authors: de Juan
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D017677:Age Distribution; D015142:Baltimore / Q000453:epidemiology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D065306:Corneal Injuries; D015353:Eye Enucleation; D005129:Eye Foreign Bodies / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000601:surgery; D015807:Eye Injuries, Penetrating / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012590:Sclera / Q000293:injuries*; D017678:Sex Distribution; D014792:Visual Acuity; D014945:Wound Healing