title: Leukemia inhibitory factor enhances bone formation in calvarial bone defect.
abstract: For bone defect reconstruction, locally administered cytokine plasmid was examined. Leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) can bind to the osteoblast cell surface and induce bone formation both in vitro and in vivo. The authors investigated the local mouse LIF complementary deoxyribonucleic acid (cDNA) plasmid in the pcDNA 3 expression vector, which is promoted by cytomegalovirus and is stabilized by bovine growth hormone polyadenylation, with a gelatin sponge carrier. A total of 150 male Wistar rats were used. They were divided into three groups. Group 1 (N = 30) was treated with the gelatin carrier of the pcDNA 3 vector, group 2 (N = 90) was treated with three different doses of LIF cDNA (0.1, 1, and 10 micrograms) in the pcDNA 3-vector plasmid along with the gelatin carrier, and group 3 (N = 30) was treated with recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein -2. Ten animals in each group were euthanized at 1, 3, and 5 weeks postoperatively. Animals treated with LIF cDNA showed significantly enhanced bone mineral density (p < 0.05), as confirmed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA), in 3 weeks compared with the control vehicle. By 3 weeks, the number of fibroblast-like cells and collagen fibers decreased, whereas the osteoblast-like cells increased inversely, as revealed during histological examination. LIF messenger ribonucleic acid demonstrated by in situ hybridization was observed most markedly in osteocytes of the LIF cDNA-treated group. Also, LIF peptide was detected in the same cell type by immunohistochemistry. Locally administered LIF cDNA plasmid in a gelatin carrier can increase bone density significantly, with subsequent bone formation, probably via osteocyte activation.
authors: Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Atomic Disease Institute, Nagasaki University School of Medicine, Japan.
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Dazai
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Akita
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Hirano
authors: M A
authors: MA
authors: Rashid
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Naito
authors: K
authors: K
authors: Akino
authors: T
authors: T
authors: Fujii
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D015519:Bone Density / Q000187:drug effects; D055396:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2; D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology; D002417:Cattle; D018076:DNA, Complementary; D005781:Gelatin Sponge, Absorbable; D018014:Gene Transfer Techniques; D006131:Growth Inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D017403:In Situ Hybridization; D015850:Interleukin-6; D053605:Leukemia Inhibitory Factor; D008222:Lymphokines / Q000235:genetics / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000187:drug effects*; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000187:drug effects*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology; D012886:Skull / Q000601:surgery; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta
chemical_list: C525718:BMP2 protein, human; C525719:Bmp2 protein, mouse; C525720:Bmp2 protein, rat; D055396:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2; D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins; D018076:DNA, Complementary; D006131:Growth Inhibitors; D015850:Interleukin-6; C507837:LIF protein, human; D053605:Leukemia Inhibitory Factor; C507838:Lif protein, mouse; D008222:Lymphokines; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; C499469:recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2