title: Effects of lingual gestures on blood flow into the tongue: a pilot study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Reduced blood flow has been hypothesized to be a major factor in the formation of postradiation fibrosis. This study examined Doppler ultrasonography as a technique to detect changes in blood flow into the tongue during selected lingual gestures, /t/ and /k/.
  
  
  METHODS
  Six normal subjects, three young men (mean age, 26 years) and three older men (mean age, 66 years) were examined in an upright position using Doppler ultrasound imaging of the external carotid artery just below the lingual artery. Measurements were made with a standardized segmentation technique before and after three repetitions of four speech production gestures /t/ and /k/, each with natural and maximal force.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Blood flow peak systole increased significantly after the speech gestures (p < .001). Pooled before and after gesture values for older subjects were significantly lower than those for younger subjects (p < or = .05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Ultrasonography is a clinically useful technique for measuring blood flow during a dynamic gesture and may be useful for measuring effects of tumor treatment and in a lingual exercise program.
authors: Medical Ultrasound Research Laboratory, Department of Speech and Hearing Science, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 901 South Sixth, Champaign, Illinois 61821, USA.
authors: K L
authors: KL
authors: Watkin
authors: T M
authors: TM
authors: Gallagher
authors: J A
authors: JA
authors: Logemann
authors: A W
authors: AW
authors: Rademaker
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005868:Gestures; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010865:Pilot Projects; D012016:Reference Values; D012039:Regional Blood Flow / Q000502:physiology; D013060:Speech / Q000502:physiology*; D014059:Tongue / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000502:physiology*; D018608:Ultrasonography, Doppler / Q000379:methods*