title: Disappearance of well-differentiated carcinoma of the prostate: effect of transurethral resection of the prostate, prostate-specific antigen, and prostate biopsy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To characterize the effect of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) on the rate of diagnosis of well-differentiated (WD) prostate cancer (PCa) and PCa mortality.
  
  
  METHODS
  All cases of PCa and rates of TURP at both Wilford Hall and Brooke Army Medical Centers between 1984 and 1995 were reviewed. Tumor grade was compared between prostate needle biopsy and TURP. The pattern of diagnosis was analyzed annually and for two time periods: pre-PSA (1984 to 1988) and post-PSA (1989 to 1995).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The number of WD tumors fell by 50% over the period of study and was caused by a fall in number of TURPs as well as in WD tumors detected by TURP. PSA for early detection of PCa began in 1988, and within 5 years a more than 50% fall in the rate of metastatic disease was witnessed. These two events (PSA screening and fall in TURPs) led to an increase from 57% to 92% of tumors that were both clinically significant and potentially curable.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data help explain the fall in the rate of diagnosis of WD PCa. The resultant increase in the diagnosis of moderately and poorly differentiated PCa, coupled with the dramatic fall in the rate of diagnosis of metastatic PCa, may explain the reports of a fall in PCa mortality. If this observation is replicated in other populations, it may provide further impetus for a stronger recommendation for early detection with PSA and digital rectal examination.
authors: Division of Urology, Brooke Army Medical Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA.
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Endrizzi
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Optenberg
authors: R
authors: R
authors: Byers
authors: I M
authors: IM
authors: Thompson
mesh_terms: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000097:blood*; D001707:Biopsy, Needle; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000556:secondary / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008403:Mass Screening / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008889:Military Personnel / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011467:Prostate / Q000473:pathology; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000097:blood*; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery*; D012074:Remission Induction; D015996:Survival Rate; D013781:Texas; D020728:Transurethral Resection of Prostate / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen