title: Trichostatin A is a histone deacetylase inhibitor with potent antitumor activity against breast cancer in vivo.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Trichostatin A (TSA), an antifungal antibiotic with cytostatic and differentiating properties in mammalian cell culture, is a potent and specific inhibitor of histone deacetylase (HDAC) activity. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the antiproliferative and HDAC inhibitory activity of TSA in vitro in human breast cancer cell lines and to assess its antitumor efficacy and toxicity in vivo in a carcinogen-induced rat mammary cancer model.
  
  
  RESULTS
  TSA inhibited proliferation of eight breast carcinoma cell lines with mean +/- SD IC(50) of 124.4 +/- 120.4 nM (range, 26.4-308.1 nM). HDAC inhibitory activity of TSA was similar in all cell lines with mean +/- SD IC(50) of 2.4 +/- 0.5 nM (range, 1.5-2.9 nM), and TSA treatment resulted in pronounced histone H4 hyperacetylation. In randomized controlled efficacy studies using the N-methyl-N-nitrosourea carcinogen-induced rat mammary carcinoma model, TSA had pronounced antitumor activity in vivo when administered to 16 animals at a dose of 500 microg/kg by s.c. injection daily for 4 weeks compared with 14 control animals. Furthermore, TSA did not cause any measurable toxicity in doses of up to 5 mg/kg by s.c. injection. Forty-one tumors from 26 animals were examined by histology. Six tumors from 3 rats treated with TSA and 14 tumors from 9 control animals were adenocarcinomas. In contrast, 19 tumors from 12 TSA-treated rats had a benign phenotype, either fibroadenoma or tubular adenoma, suggesting that the antitumor activity of TSA may be attributable to induction of differentiation. Two control rats each had tumors with benign histology.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present studies confirm the potent dose-dependent antitumor activity of TSA against breast cancer in vitro and in vivo, strongly supporting HDAC as a molecular target for anticancer therapy in breast cancer.
authors: Department of Cancer Medicine, Cancer Research Campaign Laboratories, Imperial College of Science, Technology, and Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom. d.vigushin@ic.ac.uk
authors: D M
authors: DM
authors: Vigushin
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Ali
authors: P E
authors: PE
authors: Pace
authors: N
authors: N
authors: Mirsaidi
authors: K
authors: K
authors: Ito
authors: I
authors: I
authors: Adcock
authors: R C
authors: RC
authors: Coombes
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D056572:Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors; D006655:Histone Deacetylases / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D006877:Hydroxamic Acids / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015674:Mammary Neoplasms, Animal / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D008770:Methylnitrosourea; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D056572:Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors; D006877:Hydroxamic Acids; C012589:trichostatin A; D008770:Methylnitrosourea; D006655:Histone Deacetylases