title: Demonstration of increasing standard pH value of lacrimal fluid with increase of flow rate.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To test the hypothesis that pH value of human tears is affected by flow rate.
  
  
  METHODS
  After stimulation with a drop of 70% alcohol into the ipsilateral nasal cavity tears from the left eyes of 30 healthy volunteers were collected with glass capillaries while flow rate of tear secretion was registered. The pCO(2), actual and standard pH were determined in the collected samples with the Astrup method: Standard pH is defined as the pH of the sample that has been equilibrated at 37 degrees C with a gas mixture having pCO(2)=40 mmHg.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The flow rate correlated positively and significantly with both the standard pH value (r=0.503, p<0.01) and the pCO(2) (r=0.517, p<0.01) while there was no correlation between the actual pH and the flow rate.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Loss of CO(2) from the sample is a cause of serious uncertainty in tear pH determination. A positive flow rate-pH relationship was found for human tears when the uncertainty was removed by determination of the standard pH.
authors: Semmelweis Medical University, Institute of Behavioural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary. janimre@net.sote.hu
authors: I
authors: I
authors: Janszky
authors: P
authors: P
authors: Vámosi
authors: I
authors: I
authors: Országh
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Berta
mesh_terms: D000136:Acid-Base Equilibrium; D000328:Adult; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007765:Lacrimal Apparatus / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D010313:Partial Pressure; D013666:Tears / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D002245:Carbon Dioxide