title: Combination carboplatin and radiotherapy in the management of stage II testicular seminoma: comparison with radiotherapy treatment alone.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the results of treatment in 33 patients with stage IIA/B seminoma who were treated with carboplatin and radiotherapy (RT) between January 1989 and December 1996.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty patients received single course single agent carboplatin (400 mg/m2 or area under curve (AUC 7), two patients received two courses carboplatin, and one patient received single course carboplatin and etoposide, all 4-6 weeks prior to infra-diaphragmatic RT. Results were retrospectively compared with those obtained for 80 patients treated from 1970 to 1998 with radiotherapy alone.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was minimal toxicity associated with the use of carboplatin prior to RT. With a median follow-up of 4 years (range 2-70 months) 2/33 patients treated with chemotherapy and RT have relapsed, 5-year relapse free survival (RFS) = 96.9% (95% confidence interval (CI) 72.9-99.4%), and one patient has died of progressive disease, 5-year overall survival (OS) = 96.7%. With a median follow-up of 11.2 years (range 6 months to 25.8 years) 15/80 patients treated with RT alone have relapsed, 5-year RFS = 80.7% (95% CI 70.1-87.9%), including 13/61 patients treated with infra-diaphragmatic RT, 5-year RFS = 77.9%, and 2/19 treated with additional supra-diaphragmatic RT, 5-year RFS = 89.5% (P = 0.277). Eleven out of 80 patients have died, 5-year OS = 94.7%. For stage IIA, 1/14 patients treated with chemotherapy and RT have relapsed, 5-year RFS = 92.3%, compared with 5/34 treated with infra-diaphragmatic RT alone 5-year, RFS = 84.9% (P = 0.527). For stage IIB, 1/19 patients relapsed (at 69 months) following chemotherapy and RT (5-year RFS = 100%), whereas 8/27 relapsed following infra-diaphragmatic RT alone, 5-year RFS = 69.4% (P = 0.0595).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Infradiaphragmatic RT alone cures the majority of patients with stage II seminoma, but the relapse rate remains high particularly for patients with stage IIB disease. As compared with historical controls, carboplatin with RT appears to reduce the relapse rate in stage II seminoma with minimal additional toxicity and the results approach statistical significance for stage IIB patients. Confirmation would require a phase III randomized comparison.
authors: Academic Radiotherapy Unit, Institute of Cancer Research and The Royal Marsden NHS Trust, 15 Cotswold Road, Belmont, Sutton, SM2 5NG, Surrey, UK.
authors: H
authors: H
authors: Patterson
authors: A R
authors: AR
authors: Norman
authors: S S
authors: SS
authors: Mitra
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Nicholls
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Fisher
authors: D P
authors: DP
authors: Dearnaley
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Horwich
authors: M D
authors: MD
authors: Mason
authors: R A
authors: RA
authors: Huddart
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D016190:Carboplatin / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D011878:Radiotherapy / Q000379:methods*; D012016:Reference Values; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018239:Seminoma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D015996:Survival Rate; D013736:Testicular Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy*
chemical_list: D016190:Carboplatin