Signaling mediated by the closely related mammalian Rho family GTPases TC10 and Cdc42 suggests distinct functional pathways.
The mammalian Rho family GTPases TC10 and Cdc42 share many properties. Activated forms of both proteins stimulate transcription mediated by nuclear factor kappaB, serum response factor, and the cyclin D1 promoter; activate c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase; cooperate with activated Raf to transform NIH-3T3 cells; and, by a mechanism independent of all of these effects, induce filopodia formation. In contrast, previously reported differences between TC10 and Cdc42 are not striking. We now present studies of TC10 and Cdc42 in cell culture that reveal clear functional differences: (a) wild-type TC10 localizes predominantly to the plasma membrane and less extensively to a perinuclear membranous compartment, whereas wild-type Cdc42 localizes predominantly to this compartment and less extensively to the plasma membrane; (b) expression of Rho guanine nucleotide dissociation inhibitor alpha results in a redistribution of wild-type Cdc42 to the cytosol but has no effect on the plasma membrane localization of wild-type TC10; (c) TC10 fails to rescue a Saccharomyces cerevisiae cdc42 mutation, unlike mammalian Cdc42; (d) dominant negative Cdc42, but not dominant negative TC10, inhibits neurite outgrowth in PC12 cells stimulated by nerve growth factor; and (e) activation of nuclear factor kappaB-dependent transcription by Cdc42, but not by TC10, is inhibited by sodium salicylate. These findings point to distinct pathways in which TC10 and Cdc42 may act and distinct modes of regulation of these proteins.
Murphy
G A
GA
Department of Biochemistry, New York University School of Medicine, New York 10016, USA.
Jillian
S A
SA
Michaelson
D
D
Philips
M R
MR
D'Eustachio
P
P
Rush
M G
MG
D000818:Animals; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000494:pharmacology; D019556:COS Cells; D002451:Cell Compartmentation / Q000502:physiology*; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D002478:Cells, Cultured / Q000166:cytology / Q000201:enzymology*; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins; D020730:Guanine Nucleotide Dissociation Inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D008164:Luminescent Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D020932:Nerve Growth Factor / Q000494:pharmacology; D016501:Neurites / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D016716:PC12 Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology*; D020764:cdc42 GTP-Binding Protein / Q000378:metabolism*; D020741:rho GTP-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D062947:rho-Specific Guanine Nucleotide Dissociation Inhibitors
D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D020730:Guanine Nucleotide Dissociation Inhibitors; D008164:Luminescent Proteins; D016328:NF-kappa B; D062947:rho-Specific Guanine Nucleotide Dissociation Inhibitors; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins; D020932:Nerve Growth Factor; C503256:RHOQ protein, human; C503262:Rhoq protein, rat; D020764:cdc42 GTP-Binding Protein; D020741:rho GTP-Binding Proteins