title: IL-17 and IFN-gamma mRNA expression is increased in the brain and systemically after permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion in the rat.
abstract: Brain ischemia is characterized by local inflammation reflected by accumulation of inflammatory cells and a multitude of mediators. Among them, cytokines and chemokines may influence the inflammatory cascade that follows cerebral ischemia. Here we report on brain hemispheric and systemic increase of pro-inflammatory IL-17 and IFN-gamma, the anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-4 and IL-10, and the chemokines IP-10, IL-8 and MIP-2, 1 h to 6 days after permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (pMCAO). IL-17 and IFN-gamma mRNA levels were elevated in the ischemic hemispheres of pMCAO-operated rats compared with corresponding hemispheres of sham-operated rats. Levels were slightly elevated at 1 h, and peaked at 6 days after pMCAO. IL-8 and MIP-2 levels in the ischemic hemispheres peaked at 24 h, whereas IP-10 showed a biphasic profile with two peaks at 6 h and 6 days after pMCAO. IL-4 peaked in the ischemic hemispheres at 6 h, when IL-10 levels were lower than in sham-operated rats, and IL-10 levels peaked at 2 days after pMCAO. Systemically, the numbers of IL-17 and IFN-gamma mRNA expressing blood mononuclear cells were elevated already at 1 h after pMCAO, preceding the changes in the ischemic hemispheres. Altered levels of IL-17 and IFN-gamma after pMCAO may affect outcome of brain ischemia.
authors: Neuro-Angiological Research Center, Division of Neurology, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors: H L
authors: HL
authors: Li
authors: N
authors: N
authors: Kostulas
authors: Y M
authors: YM
authors: Huang
authors: B G
authors: BG
authors: Xiao
authors: P
authors: P
authors: van der Meide
authors: V
authors: V
authors: Kostulas
authors: V
authors: V
authors: Giedraitas
authors: H
authors: H
authors: Link
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001157:Arterial Occlusive Diseases / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D002536:Cerebral Arteries; D054357:Chemokine CXCL10; D054426:Chemokine CXCL2; D018925:Chemokines / Q000235:genetics; D019743:Chemokines, CXC / Q000235:genetics; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000235:genetics*; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000235:genetics; D020381:Interleukin-17 / Q000235:genetics*; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000235:genetics; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000235:genetics; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D009000:Monocytes / Q000378:metabolism; D009474:Neurons / Q000473:pathology; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013154:Spleen / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D054357:Chemokine CXCL10; D054426:Chemokine CXCL2; D018925:Chemokines; D019743:Chemokines, CXC; C404915:Cxcl2 protein, mouse; D020381:Interleukin-17; D016209:Interleukin-8; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D016753:Interleukin-10; D015847:Interleukin-4; D007371:Interferon-gamma