title: Porphyric enzymes in hamster Harderian gland, a model of damage by porphyrins and their precursors. A chronobiological study on the role of sex differences.
abstract: The Syrian hamster Harderian gland (HG), representing a highly porphyrogenic organ, was used as a model system for studying physiologically occurring damage of biomolecules by porphyrins and their precursors, phenomena associated with from the pathological situation of porphyrias. The species used exhibits the peculiarity of much higher porphyrogenesis in females than in males, offering possibilities for comparison of effects by different porphyrin levels in one species. Since concentrations of free, and therefore, radical-generating porphyric metabolites are difficult to determine in the presence of high amounts of secreted and crystallizing porphyrins, which are, moreover, mainly surface-reactive, and since indications existed for temporal changes in the oxidative stress caused by these molecules, the following approach was chosen: in HGs of both females and males, activities of the relevant porphyric enzymes, delta-aminolevulinate synthase (ALA-S), delta-aminolevulinate dehydratase (ALA-D) and porphobilinogen deaminase (PBG-D), were determined throughout the circadian cycle. Results were compared with the temporal patterns of lipid peroxidation and protein damage in the same glands. In females, a strong correspondence was observed between protein carbonyl and lipid peroxidation, peaking at the end of both photophase and scotophase; maximal activities of the three porphyric enzymes ALA-S, ALA-D, and PBG-D either coincided or slightly preceded the peaks of oxidative damage. In males, lower enzyme activities, especially in PBG-D, were associated with weakly expressed rhythmicity. Correspondingly, lipid peroxidation was lower and exhibited a smaller rhythm amplitude; protein carbonyl of males showed a temporal pattern differing from that of females, with regard to amplitude and phasing. These data are in agreement with morphological observations demonstrating particularly severe cell damage in the female HG under normal conditions.
authors: Departamento de Moifología y Biología Celular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Oviedo, C/ Julián Clavería s/n, E-33006 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain. acoto@correo.uniovi.es
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Coto-Montes
authors: J A
authors: JA
authors: Boga
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Tomás-Zapico
authors: M J
authors: MJ
authors: Rodríguez-Colunga
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Martínez-Fraga
authors: D
authors: D
authors: Tolivia-Cadrecha
authors: G
authors: G
authors: Menéndez
authors: R
authors: R
authors: Hardeland
authors: D
authors: D
authors: Tolivia
mesh_terms: D000624:5-Aminolevulinate Synthetase / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D002940:Circadian Rhythm; D006224:Cricetinae; D005260:Female; D005609:Free Radicals / Q000378:metabolism; D006243:Harderian Gland / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D011163:Hydroxymethylbilane Synthase / Q000378:metabolism*; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D008647:Mesocricetus; D008954:Models, Biological; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D000623:Porphobilinogen Synthase / Q000378:metabolism*; D011166:Porphyrins / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000633:toxicity*; D012727:Sex Characteristics
chemical_list: D005609:Free Radicals; D011166:Porphyrins; D000624:5-Aminolevulinate Synthetase; D011163:Hydroxymethylbilane Synthase; D000623:Porphobilinogen Synthase