title: Subjective response to and tolerability of long-term supraphysiological doses of levothyroxine in refractory mood disorders.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although supplementation with supraphysiological doses of levothyroxine (T4) has been an effective treatment for refractory affective disorders in open studies, questions remain as to the tolerability of this treatment. This is the first study to investigate subjective patient response and tolerability to long-term treatment with adjunctive T4.
  
  
  METHODS
  Of 24 patients with refractory affective disorders or schizoaffective disorder who were consecutively included into an open trial with supraphysiological T4, 16 were eligible for this study. Four measures were used to rate tolerability to T4 treatment. Subjective response was graded on a scale ranging from -33 (maximal negative response) to +33 (maximal positive response). Positive and negative effects were assessed on a structured questionnaire. Clinical tolerance was assessed with the clinician-rated Thyroid Symptom List and the self-rated Von Zerssen Complaint Lists. Outcome was assessed with the CGI for prophylactic ratings (CGI-BP).
  
  
  RESULTS
  At the time of assessment, patients had been treated with supraphysiological T4 (mean dose 368 microg/d) for a mean of 54 months. The total subjective response score was +25.2. Positive subjective response and observer-rated treatment success were moderately correlated. Ratings on the Thyroid Symptom List indicated an overall favorable side effect profile. General physical and mental symptoms were only slightly higher than in the general population.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This was an open, cross-sectional study that only included responders and partial responders to T4 treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Subjective response and side-effect tolerability of long-term supraphysiological doses of T4 is favorable in patients with refractory mood and schizoaffective disorders who respond to the intervention.
authors: Department of Psychiatry, Klinikum Benjamin Franklin, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany. mjbauer@mednet.ucla.edu
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Bauer
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Priebe
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Berghöfer
authors: T
authors: T
authors: Bschor
authors: U
authors: U
authors: Kiesslinger
authors: P C
authors: PC
authors: Whybrow
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D004361:Drug Tolerance; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006980:Hyperthyroidism / Q000175:diagnosis; D008297:Male; D019964:Mood Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013974:Thyroxine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D013995:Time
chemical_list: D013974:Thyroxine