Consensus statement on the role of acute dopaminergic challenge in Parkinson's disease.
Available evidence on the practice of acute pharmacological challenge tests in parkinsonian patients was reviewed by a committee of experts, which achieved a general consensus. The published data deal mainly with the acute administration of levodopa and apomorphine in Parkinson's disease. Such challenge may serve different purposes, e.g., research, diagnosis, or tailoring of treatment. Unique protocols describing the clinical setting and practice parameters are not available. The present paper describes the scientific background and supplies practical guidelines, whenever possible, to perform and evaluate acute challenge tests in parkinsonian syndromes. With the appropriate indication and setting, acute challenge tests are useful in diagnosis and therapy of Parkinson's disease and related disorders.
Albanese
A
A
Istituto di Neurologia, Università Cattolica, Milano, Italy. alberto.albanese@rm.unicatt.it
Bonuccelli
U
U
Brefel
C
C
Chaudhuri
K R
KR
Colosimo
C
C
Eichhorn
T
T
Melamed
E
E
Pollak
P
P
Van Laar
T
T
Zappia
M
M
D001058:Apomorphine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D003342:Corpus Striatum / Q000187:drug effects; D003657:Decision Making; D004294:Domperidone / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D018491:Dopamine Agonists / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D018492:Dopamine Antagonists / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D017408:Guidelines as Topic; D006801:Humans; D007980:Levodopa / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000175:diagnosis*; D013378:Substantia Nigra / Q000187:drug effects; D013997:Time Factors
D018491:Dopamine Agonists; D018492:Dopamine Antagonists; D007980:Levodopa; D004294:Domperidone; D001058:Apomorphine