Angiogenesis and prostate cancer: identification of a molecular progression switch.
To elucidate the sequence of molecular events intricate with angiogenesis and the initiation and progression prostate cancer, the temporal and spatial expression patterns of platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (PECAM1/CD31), hypoxia-induced factor-1alpha (HIF-1alpha), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and the cognate receptors VEGFR1 and VEGFR2 were characterized. Immunohistochemical and in situ analyses of prostate tissue specimens derived from the spontaneous autochthonous transgenic adenocarcinoma of the mouse prostate (TRAMP) model identified a distinct early angiogenic switch consistent with the expression of PECAM-1, HIF-1alpha, and VEGFR1 and the recruitment of new vasculature to lesions representative of high-grade prostatic epithelial neoplasia (PIN). During progression of prostate cancer, the intraductal microvessel density (IMVD) was also observed to increase as a function of tumor grade. Immunoblot and in situ analyses further demonstrated a distinct late angiogenic switch consistent with decreased expression of VEGFR1, increased expression of VEGFR2, and the transition from a differentiated adenocarcinoma to a more poorly differentiated state. Analysis of clinical prostate cancer specimens validated the predictions of the TRAMP model. This resolution of prostate cancer-associated angiogenesis into distinct early and late molecular events establishes the basis for a "progression-switch" model to explain how the targets of antiangiogenic therapy might change as a function of tumor progression.
Huss
W J
WJ
Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.
Hanrahan
C F
CF
Barrios
R J
RJ
Simons
J W
JW
Greenberg
N M
NM
D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D000818:Animals; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000502:physiology; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis; D018450:Disease Progression; D016228:Endothelial Growth Factors / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D051793:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1; D051795:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit; D008222:Lymphokines / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis; D019408:Platelet Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D020033:Protein Isoforms; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis; D020794:Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000096:biosynthesis; D017978:Receptors, Growth Factor / Q000096:biosynthesis; D040262:Receptors, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor; D014157:Transcription Factors; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D040281:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-1; D042442:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors
D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D016228:Endothelial Growth Factors; C497442:HIF1A protein, human; C497443:Hif1a protein, mouse; D051793:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1; D051795:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit; D008222:Lymphokines; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D019408:Platelet Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule-1; D020033:Protein Isoforms; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D017978:Receptors, Growth Factor; D014157:Transcription Factors; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D042442:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors; D020794:Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; D040262:Receptors, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor; D040281:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-1