Selective estrogen receptor modulators for the chemoprevention of prostate cancer.
The ability to interfere with prostate carcinogenesis, and as a consequence, prevent prostate cancer with drugs is the basis for chemoprevention. The prostate contains estrogen receptors in both the stroma and epithelium. Both animal models and human epidemiologic studies have implicated estrogens as an initiator of prostate cancer. In the aging male, prostate cancer occurs in an environment of rising estrogen and decreasing androgen levels. Selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) have shown the ability to prevent (GTx-006 [acapodene]) and treat (GTx-006 and arzoxifene) prostate cancer, suggesting that they may be used in prostate cancer chemoprevention. A phase 2 clinical trial using GTx-006 for prostate cancer chemoprevention is currently being conducted.
Steiner
M S
MS
Department of Urology, University of Tennessee, Memphis, Tennessee 38104, USA. MSteiner@utmem.edu
Raghow
S
S
Neubauer
B L
BL
D000367:Age Factors; D000728:Androgens / Q000097:blood; D016588:Anticarcinogenic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004965:Estrogen Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D020847:Estrogen Receptor Modulators / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004967:Estrogens / Q000097:blood; D004968:Estrogens, Non-Steroidal / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D007529:Isoflavones; D008297:Male; D048789:Phytoestrogens; D010880:Piperidines / Q000494:pharmacology; D028321:Plant Preparations; D011467:Prostate / Q000254:growth & development; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen / Q000502:physiology; D020845:Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D013629:Tamoxifen / Q000494:pharmacology; D013876:Thiophenes / Q000494:pharmacology
D000728:Androgens; D016588:Anticarcinogenic Agents; D004965:Estrogen Antagonists; D020847:Estrogen Receptor Modulators; D004967:Estrogens; D004968:Estrogens, Non-Steroidal; D007529:Isoflavones; D048789:Phytoestrogens; D010880:Piperidines; D028321:Plant Preparations; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen; D020845:Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators; D013876:Thiophenes; D013629:Tamoxifen; C115121:LY 353381