Papillomavirus-like particles induce acute activation of dendritic cells.
The role of viral structural proteins in the initiation of adaptive immune responses is poorly understood. To address this issue, we focused on the effect of noninfectious papillomavirus-like particles (VLPs) on dendritic cell (DC) activation. We found that murine bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) effectively bound and rapidly internalized bovine papillomavirus VLPS: Exposure to fully assembled VLPs of bovine papillomavirus, human papillomavirus (HPV)16 or HPV18, but not to predominately disordered HPV16 capsomers, induced acute phenotypic maturation of BMDCS: Structurally similar polyomavirus VLPs bound to the DC surface and were internalized, but failed to induce maturation. DCs that had incorporated HPV16 VLPs produced proinflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNF-alpha; however, the release of these cytokines was delayed relative to LPS activation. Production of IL-12p70 by VLP-exposed DCs required the addition of syngeneic T cells or rIFN-gamma. Finally, BMDCs pulsed with HPV16 VLPs induced Th1-dominated primary T cell responses in vitro. Our data provide evidence that DCs respond to intact papillomavirus capsids and that they play a central role in VLP-induced immunity. These results offer a mechanistic explanation for the striking ability of papillomavirus VLP-based vaccines to induce potent T and B cell responses even in the absence of adjuvant.
Lenz
P
P
Laboratory of Cellular Oncology, National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
Day
P M
PM
Pang
Y Y
YY
Frye
S A
SA
Jensen
P N
PN
Lowy
D R
DR
Schiller
J T
JT
D000818:Animals; D001739:BK Virus / Q000276:immunology; D052688:Bovine papillomavirus 1 / Q000276:immunology*; D002213:Capsid / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D036022:Capsid Proteins; D002417:Cattle; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000276:immunology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000821:virology*; D006801:Humans; D016130:Immunophenotyping; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000378:metabolism; D007399:Interphase / Q000276:immunology; D007577:JC Virus / Q000276:immunology; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation / Q000276:immunology; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D009856:Oncogene Proteins, Viral / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D027383:Papillomaviridae / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D011485:Protein Binding / Q000276:immunology; D018417:Th1 Cells / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology; D014771:Virion / Q000276:immunology*; D019065:Virus Assembly / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology
D036022:Capsid Proteins; D016207:Cytokines; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; C085217:L1 protein, Bovine papillomavirus; C085218:L2 protein, Bovine papillomavirus; D009856:Oncogene Proteins, Viral; C063317:L1 protein, Human papillomavirus type 16