title: A Phase I study of cis-malonato[(4R,5R)-4,5-bis(aminomethyl)-1,3-dioxolane] platinum(II) in patients with advanced malignancies.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A Phase I study of cis-malonato[(4R,5R)-4,5-bis(aminomethyl)-1,3-dioxolane] platinum(II) (SKI 2053R), a new platinum derivative, was performed to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD), the dose limiting toxicities (DLTs), and the pharmacokinetic profile of SKI 2053R in patients with advanced, refractory malignancies.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-one patients were entered into the study. SKI 2053R was administered with an intravenous infusion over 1 hour every 4 weeks. The SKI 2053R dose was escalated from 40 mg/m(2) up to 480 mg/m(2) using a modified Fibonacci scheme. Pharmacokinetic analysis was done in all patients to determine the total and ultrafiltrable platinum concentrations in both the plasma and the urine.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All patients were evaluable for toxicity and response. There was no significant toxicity with dosages up to 360 mg/m(2). At 480 mg/m(2), two of three patients developed Grade 4 hepatotoxicity, Grade 3 leukopenia and thrombocytopenia, and Grade 2 azotemia and proteinuria. Other toxicity included nausea and emesis, but it was controlled with antiemetics. SKI 2053R did not cause significant neurotoxicity or mucositis. There were 4 patients with stable disease among the 21 patients. Plasma decay of the total and free platinum concentrations was best fitted by using a two-compartment, open model. The terminal plasma half-life of the total platinum after SKI 2053R administration ranged from 63.4 hours to 114.1 hours in dosages ranging from 40 mg/m(2) to 480 mg/m(2) without significant dose dependency. However, the terminal plasma half-life of the free platinum concentration showed a significant dose dependent, incremental pattern. The renal excretion of SKI 2053R measured as platinum ranged from 49% to 75% of the administered dose.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The MTD of SKI 2053R was 480 mg/m(2). The major DLTs were hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, and myelosuppression. The recommended starting dose for a subsequent Phase II study is 360 mg/m(2) once every 4 weeks.
authors: Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors: N K
authors: NK
authors: Kim
authors: T Y
authors: TY
authors: Kim
authors: S G
authors: SG
authors: Shin
authors: Y I
authors: YI
authors: Park
authors: J A
authors: JA
authors: Lee
authors: Y B
authors: YB
authors: Cho
authors: K H
authors: KH
authors: Kim
authors: D K
authors: DK
authors: Kim
authors: D S
authors: DS
authors: Heo
authors: Y J
authors: YJ
authors: Bang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D056486:Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D006207:Half-Life; D006801:Humans; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced; D007970:Leukopenia / Q000139:chemically induced; D008297:Male; D008314:Malonates / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D008875:Middle Aged; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy; D009944:Organoplatinum Compounds / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D013921:Thrombocytopenia / Q000139:chemically induced
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D008314:Malonates; D009944:Organoplatinum Compounds; C090717:SKI 2053R