title: Segregation of gangliosides GM1 and GD3 on cell membranes, isolated membrane rafts, and defined supported lipid monolayers.
abstract: Lateral assemblies of sphingolipids, glycosphingolipids and cholesterol, termed rafts, are postulated to be present in biological membranes and to function in important cellular phenomena. We probed whether rafts are heterogeneous by determining the relative distribution of two gangliosides, GM1 and GD3, in artificial supported monolayers, in intact rat primary cerebellar granule neurones, and in membrane rafts isolated from rat cerebellum. Fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) using fluorophore-labelled cholera toxin B subunit (which binds GM1) and mAb R24 (which binds GD3) revealed that GM1 spontaneously self-associates but does not co-cluster with GD3 in supported monolayers and on intact neurones. Cholera toxin and immunocytochemical labelling of isolated membrane rafts from rat cerebellum further demonstrated that GM1 does not co-localise with GD3. Furthermore, whereas the membrane raft resident proteins Lyn and caveolin both co-localise with GD3 in isolated membrane rafts, GM1 appears in separate and distinct aggregates. These data support prior reports that membrane rafts are heterogeneous, although the mechanisms for establishing and maintaining such heterogeneity remain to be determined.
authors: Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
authors: K A
authors: KA
authors: Vyas
authors: H V
authors: HV
authors: Patel
authors: A A
authors: AA
authors: Vyas
authors: R L
authors: RL
authors: Schnaar
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D051242:Caveolin 1; D022461:Caveolins / Q000378:metabolism; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D002531:Cerebellum / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D003902:Detergents / Q000737:chemistry; D005677:G(M1) Ganglioside / Q000378:metabolism*; D005732:Gangliosides / Q000378:metabolism*; D008563:Membrane Lipids / Q000378:metabolism*; D009186:Myelin Sheath / Q000378:metabolism; D018992:Myelin-Associated Glycoprotein / Q000378:metabolism; D009474:Neurons / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D015398:Signal Transduction; D019061:src-Family Kinases / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: C495537:Cav1 protein, rat; D051242:Caveolin 1; D022461:Caveolins; D003902:Detergents; D005732:Gangliosides; D008563:Membrane Lipids; D018992:Myelin-Associated Glycoprotein; D005677:G(M1) Ganglioside; C026226:ganglioside, GD3; C060902:lyn protein-tyrosine kinase; D019061:src-Family Kinases