title: Oral manifestations and dental status in paediatric HIV infection.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe the incidence and prevalence of oral manifestations of HIV infection in a population of perinatally infected children.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective and prospective study of a cohort of perinatally HIV-infected children.
  
  
  METHODS
  Community hospital and community-based paediatric clinic.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty perinatally HIV-infected children with a median age of 12 months were eligible and selected for the study, which included a medical chart review from birth and prospective follow-up. Each child was examined quarterly for oral manifestations, tooth eruption, and for 27 children, caries and periodontal status.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The incidence of pseudomembranous candidiasis was 43% (95% CI, 27-58%) within 6 months of birth. Oral candidiasis (defined as pseudomembranous or erythematous) was positively associated with low CD4 counts and the occurrence of plaque. Children with low CD4 counts were also found to have fewer teeth than children with high CD4 counts, after adjusting for age.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Oral manifestations are common in paediatric HIV infection and are possible predictors of HIV disease progression. Primary care of HIV-infected children should include periodic oral examinations to monitor their HIV disease progression and to alleviate symptoms associated with oral opportunistic infections.
authors: Department of Growth and Development, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143-0438, USA. ramos@itsa.ucsf.edu
authors: F J
authors: FJ
authors: Ramos-Gomez
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Petru
authors: J F
authors: JF
authors: Hilton
authors: A J
authors: AJ
authors: Canchola
authors: D
authors: D
authors: Wara
authors: J S
authors: JS
authors: Greenspan
mesh_terms: D017088:AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections / Q000453:epidemiology; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018791:CD4 Lymphocyte Count; D002140:California / Q000453:epidemiology; D002180:Candidiasis, Oral / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003731:Dental Caries / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D003773:Dental Plaque / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D005891:Gingivitis / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000635:transmission; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007223:Infant; D018445:Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D015995:Prevalence; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014078:Tooth Eruption
chemical_list: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents