title: A simple method to identify triatomine (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) feces in sensing devices used in vector surveillance programs.
abstract: We successfully applied the phenolphthalin (Kastle-Meyer) test used in forensic chemistry to distinguish between feces from triatomines and other domestic arthropods in sensing devices used for vector surveillance. All black or dark brown, but not white or yellow, fecal smears from laboratory-reared or field-collected Triatoma infestans Klug, Triatoma guasayana Wydgozinsky & Abalos, Triatoma sordida Ståhl (recently revalidated as Triatoma garciabesi Carcavallo, Cichero, Martínez, Prosen & Ronderos) tested positive, whereas dejecta from cockroaches and spiders, crickets, beetles, predatory bugs, and domestic flies tested negative. Black or dark brown dejecta from female Aedes aegypti L. and Cimex lectularius L. bedbugs also tested positive. In sellsing devices installed in bedrooms of 11 houses in Amamá, rural northwestern Argentina, where neither cimicid bedbugs nor argasid ticks had been found over the years, only 62% of the black or dark brown fecal smears attributed to triatomines by a skilled observer tested phenolphthalin-positive. After insecticidal spraying, when bedroom areas were not colonized by triatomines, only 33-40% of the black or dark brown fecal smears in sensor boxes attributed to triatomines by another skilled observer tested phenolphthalin-positive. Eleven (79%) ofthe 14 houses with dubious or nontypical triatomine feces tested phenolphthalin-positive at least once during 1993-1995. Our study introduces a low-cost, simple and effective procedure for the identification of triatomine feces. The test, as a helpful adjunct to sensing devices used in triatomine surveillance, will aid in the accurate detection of infestations and the determination of the need for insecticide application.
authors: Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria,  Argentina.
authors: R E
authors: RE
authors: Gürtler
authors: M L
authors: ML
authors: Oneto
authors: M C
authors: MC
authors: Cecere
authors: M B
authors: MB
authors: Castañera
authors: D M
authors: DM
authors: Canale
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004396:Coloring Agents; D005243:Feces; D005260:Female; D007300:Insect Control / Q000379:methods; D007303:Insect Vectors / Q000145:classification*; D007306:Insecticides; D009570:Nitriles; D010635:Phenolphthaleins; D011722:Pyrethrins; D014225:Triatominae / Q000145:classification*
chemical_list: D004396:Coloring Agents; D007306:Insecticides; D009570:Nitriles; D010635:Phenolphthaleins; D011722:Pyrethrins; C017180:decamethrin