Lifelong learning in ethical practice: a challenge for continuing medical education.
BACKGROUND
Formal education in the identification, analysis, and resolution of ethical issues in clinical practice is now an essential component of undergraduate and postgraduate medical education. Physicians educated before the 1980s have had little or no formal education in ethics. This article describes a project for assessing the content and format appropriate for the continuing education needs of practicing physicians.


METHODS
A questionnaire and follow-up facilitated small-group discussions with a physician ethicist around case-based problems were used to identify the ethical issues in practice where participants felt the need for continuing education.


RESULTS
The project confirmed that practitioners had very little formal ethics in medical school and less since starting practice despite encountering ethical issues. The most frequently used method of learning about ethics was informal discussion among those who have the same lack of formal education. Physicians did not feel that they needed a "very high" level of confidence and competence in handling ethical issues, even those commonly encountered. Participants indicated strongly that they lacked a systematic approach to the identification and analysis of ethical issues and suggest incorporation of the ethical component into regular CME.


RESULTS
In spite of the small study population and the volunteer nature of the participants, the project demonstrated the identification of ethics content for CME similar to that used in medical education. Further work is needed to assess objective needs for ethics education in addition to the perceived needs of clinicians.
Kenny
N
N
Department of Bioethics, Dalhousie University, 5849 University Avenue, Halifax, NS B3H 4H7.
Sargeant
J
J
Allen
M
M
D004502:Education, Medical, Continuing / Q000458:organization & administration*; D004992:Ethics, Medical / Q000193:education*; D017144:Focus Groups; D006801:Humans; D007858:Learning; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014481:United States