title: Suppression of lung inflammation in rats by prevention of NF-kappaB activation in the liver.
abstract: Activation of NF-kappaB and production of NF-kappaB-dependent chemokines are thought to be involved in the pathogenesis of neutrophilic lung inflammation. Calpain-1 inhibitor (CI-1) blocks activation of NF-kappaB by preventing proteolysis of the inhibitory protein IkappaB-alpha by the ubiquitin/proteasome pathway. We hypothesized that inhibition of proteasome function with CI-1 would block NF-kappaB activation in vivo after intraperitoneal (i.p.) treatment with bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and that NF-kappaB inhibition would be associated with suppression of chemokine gene expression and attenuation of neutrophilic alveolitis. We treated rats with a single i.p. injection of CI-1 (10 mg/kg) two hours prior to i.p. LPS (7 mg/kg). Treatment with Cl-1 prevented degradation of IkappaB-alpha and activation of NF-kappaB in the liver in response to LPS; however, Cl-1 treatment had no detected effect on NF-kappaB activation in lung tissue. CI-1 treatment prior to LPS resulted in 40% lower MIP-2 concentration in lung lavage fluid compared to rats treated with vehicle prior to LPS (502 +/- 112 pg/ml vs. 859 +/-144 pg/ml, P < 0.05). In addition, CI-1 treatment substantially inhibited LPS-induced neutrophilic alveolitis (2.7+ /- 1.2 x 10(5) vs. 43.7 +/- 12.2 x 10(5) lung lavage neutrophils, P < 0.01). These data indicate that NF-kappaB inhibition in the liver can alter lung inflammation induced by systemic LPS treatment and suggest that a liver-lung interaction contributes to the inflammatory response of the lung.
authors: Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.
authors: L H
authors: LH
authors: Lancaster
authors: J W
authors: JW
authors: Christman
authors: T R
authors: TR
authors: Blackwell
authors: M A
authors: MA
authors: Koay
authors: T S
authors: TS
authors: Blackwell
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001992:Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid / Q000737:chemistry; D054426:Chemokine CXCL2; D018925:Chemokines / Q000032:analysis / Q000096:biosynthesis; D003546:Cysteine Endopeptidases; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D019446:Endotoxemia / Q000150:complications / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D006023:Glycoproteins / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D020672:I-kappa B Proteins; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000633:toxicity; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D008168:Lung / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D016676:Macrophages, Alveolar / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D009097:Multienzyme Complexes / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D000072000:NF-KappaB Inhibitor alpha; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000502:physiology*; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000187:drug effects; D011014:Pneumonia / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011480:Protease Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D046988:Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex; D011499:Protein Processing, Post-Translational / Q000187:drug effects; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley
chemical_list: D054426:Chemokine CXCL2; D018925:Chemokines; C404915:Cxcl2 protein, mouse; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D006023:Glycoproteins; D020672:I-kappa B Proteins; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D009097:Multienzyme Complexes; D016328:NF-kappa B; C000606205:Nfkbia protein, mouse; C000606206:Nfkbia protein, rat; D011480:Protease Inhibitors; C039304:calpain inhibitors; D000072000:NF-KappaB Inhibitor alpha; D003546:Cysteine Endopeptidases; D046988:Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex