Salmeterol and fluticasone propionate given as a combination. Lack of systemic pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic interactions.
OBJECTIVE
To investigate the potential for systemic pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic interactions between inhaled salmeterol and fluticasone propionate when repeat doses of the two drugs are given in combination to healthy subjects.


METHODS
Twenty-eight healthy subjects received salmeterol 100 microg, salmeterol 100 microg/fluticasone propionate 500 microg and fluticasone propionate 500 microg via a Diskus dry powder inhaler twice daily for 11 days according to a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover design. Subjects in the placebo group also received a single dose of salmeterol 100 microg on the morning of day 10. On day 10, the systemic effects of salmeterol [on pulse rate, blood pressure, corrected QT (QTc) interval and serum potassium and glucose levels] and fluticasone propionate (on 24-h urinary cortisol and morning plasma cortisol levels) were assessed. Maximal number and affinity of lymphocyte beta2-adrenoceptors and beta2-adrenoceptor polymorphism at loci 16 and 27 were also determined. Plasma pharmacokinetics of salmeterol and fluticasone propionate were determined after the morning dose on day 10. Dosing continued on the evening of day 10 and on day 11, and on day 12 the effect of repeat-dose treatment with salmeterol and salmeterol/fluticasone propionate on the systemic effects of cumulative doses of inhaled salbutamol (up to a total dosage of 3,200 microg) was evaluated.


RESULTS
All treatments were safe and well tolerated. With the exception of a higher pulse rate after repeat administration of salmeterol [66.2 beats per minute (bpm) versus 63.6 bpm], there were no significant differences between the single-dose and repeat-dose salmeterol groups. The systemic pharmacodynamic effects of inhaled salmeterol were not affected by the co-administration of fluticasone propionate. Eleven days of treatment with salmeterol induced tachyphylaxis to the systemic effects of cumulative doses of salbutamol; however, co-administration of fluticasone propionate did not affect the response to salbutamol. Fluticasone propionate reduced 24-h urinary cortisol excretion (22.4 microg compared with 48.6 microg with placebo), but this was unaffected by the co-administration of salmeterol. Morning plasma cortisol levels were not reduced compared with placebo. There was no significant treatment effect on lymphocyte beta2-adrenoceptors and no correlation of beta2-adrenoceptor polymorphism at loci 16 and 27 with the development of tachyphylaxis. Salmeterol plasma concentrations were measurable only during the first half-hour after dosing. Co-administration of fluticasone propionate did not affect the peak plasma concentration (Cmax) of salmeterol. For fluticasone propionate, there were no statistically significant differences between salmeterol/fluticasone propionate and fluticasone propionate with respect to Cmax, plasma concentration at the end of the dosing interval (Ct), terminal elimination half-life (t1/2) or time to Cmax (tmax). The area under the concentration-time curve within a dosing interval (AUCt) for fluticasone propionate after inhalation of salmeterol/fluticasone propionate was statistically significantly higher (about 8%) than after inhalation of fluticasone propionate alone (P=0.0135). However, the 90% confidence intervals (CIs) for the AUCt and Cmax ratios for the two treatments were within the accepted limits for bioequivalence (1.03, 1.13 and 0.97, 1.12, respectively).


CONCLUSIONS
These results in healthy subjects indicate that there is no systemic pharmacodynamic or pharmacokinetic interaction between inhaled salmeterol and fluticasone propionate when given in combination.
Kirby
S
S
Department of Clinical Pharmacology, GlaxoWellcome Research and Development, Greenford, UK. smk4681@ggr.co.uk
Falcoz
C
C
Daniel
M J
MJ
Milleri
S
S
Squassante
L
L
Ziviani
L
L
Ventresca
G P
GP
D000280:Administration, Inhalation; D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000328:Adult; D000420:Albuterol / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000730:Androstadienes / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019540:Area Under Curve; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D001993:Bronchodilator Agents / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004347:Drug Interactions; D005260:Female; D000068298:Fluticasone; D006207:Half-Life; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011943:Receptors, Adrenergic, beta / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics; D000068299:Salmeterol Xinafoate
D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones; D000730:Androstadienes; D001993:Bronchodilator Agents; D011943:Receptors, Adrenergic, beta; D000068299:Salmeterol Xinafoate; D000068298:Fluticasone; D000420:Albuterol