title: Host and pathogen interaction during vaginal infection by Trichomonas vaginalis and Mycoplasma hominis or Ureaplasma urealyticum.
abstract: Vaginal infections by Trichomonas vaginalis and Mycoplasma hominis have been shown to be associated. Since M. hominis and Ureaplasma urealyticum are similar pathogens, both belonging to the class of the mycoplasmata, we describe here a molecular study into the interdependence of U. urealyticum and T. vaginalis during infection. Susceptibility towards infection by U. urealyticum depends on genetic polymorphism in the interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RA) gene. Now, we defined the relation between IL-1RA genotypes and infection by M. hominis and T. vaginalis. Finally, we also developed a restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) tool for mapping variation in the T. vaginalis AP33 adhesin in order to define putative associations between parasite subtype and mycoplasmata or host. Studies using crudepellets from T. vaginalis culture broth clearly confirm the association between T. vaginalis and M. hominis infection. The association between IL-1RA genotype 2,2 and lack of U. urealyticum infection is corroborated as well. U. urealyticum infection and infection by T. vaginalis are independent. Furthermore, T. vaginalis and M. hominis infection are not depending on IL-1RA genotypes. Interestingly, one of the three AP33 RFLP types identified appeared to be associated with the absence of U. urealyticum infection. In conclusion, the complex interaction between bacterial and parasitic pathogens and the infected host is determined by genetic characteristics of host and microorganisms involved.
authors: Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam (EMCR), Dr. Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD, Rotterdam, Netherlands.
authors: C
authors: C
authors: van der Schee
authors: H J
authors: HJ
authors: Sluiters
authors: W I
authors: WI
authors: van der Meijden
authors: P
authors: P
authors: van Beek
authors: P
authors: P
authors: Peerbooms
authors: H
authors: H
authors: Verbrugh
authors: A
authors: A
authors: van Belkum
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D015331:Cohort Studies; D016054:DNA, Protozoan / Q000737:chemistry; D005260:Female; D014644:Genetic Variation / Q000235:genetics; D006790:Host-Parasite Interactions / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D053590:Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist Protein; D009175:Mycoplasma Infections / Q000382:microbiology / Q000469:parasitology; D019535:Mycoplasma hominis / Q000502:physiology*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D012150:Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length; D012795:Sialoglycoproteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D014247:Trichomonas Vaginitis / Q000382:microbiology / Q000469:parasitology; D014246:Trichomonas vaginalis / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D016869:Ureaplasma Infections / Q000382:microbiology / Q000469:parasitology; D016990:Ureaplasma urealyticum / Q000502:physiology*; D014623:Vaginal Diseases / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000469:parasitology*
chemical_list: D016054:DNA, Protozoan; C507763:IL1RN protein, human; D053590:Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist Protein; D012795:Sialoglycoproteins