Controlled release of manganese into water from coated experimental fertilizers: laboratory characterization.
The release of manganese into water from controlled-release formulations containing manganese EDTA or manganese lignosulfonate was studied. These fertilizers were obtained in the laboratory by adhering the source of manganese over urea pellets and by adding a coating. The materials used as adhesives and coatings were mixtures of rosins plus tricalcium phosphate. With regard to the chemical composition, these formulations conformed to national and international standards for commercial fertilizers. The rate of release of manganese was a function of both the source of manganese used and the coating thickness. Under the same conditions the release of manganese was greater for formulations with manganese EDTA than with manganese lignosulfonate. To predict the kinetic behaviors of the two series of formulations, mathematical equations were established. The manganese source plus rosin coatings improved the handling and storage characteristics of the commercial urea pellets. The study of the rosin coatings using scanning electron microscopy showed that they were compact and homogeneous.
Novillo
J
J
Departamento de Química y Análisis Agrícola, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Agrónomos, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
Rico
M I
MI
Alvarez
J M
JM
D004492:Edetic Acid; D005308:Fertilizers; D008031:Lignin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D008345:Manganese / Q000032:analysis*; D008854:Microscopy, Electron; D014508:Urea; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis*
D005308:Fertilizers; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D008345:Manganese; C001545:lignosulfuric acid; D014508:Urea; D008031:Lignin; D004492:Edetic Acid