title: Cancer-related risk indicators and preventive screening behaviors among lesbians and bisexual women.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study examined whether lesbians are at increased risk for certain cancers as a result of an accumulation of behavioral risk factors and difficulties in accessing health care.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prevalence estimates of behavioral risk factors (nulliparity, obesity, smoking, and alcohol use), cancer screening behaviors, and self-reported breast cancer histories derived from 7 independently conducted surveys of lesbians/bisexual women (n = 11,876) were compared with national estimates for women.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In comparison with adjusted estimates for the US female population, lesbians/bisexual women exhibited greater prevalence rates of obesity, alcohol use, and tobacco use and lower rates of parity and birth control pill use. These women were also less likely to have health insurance coverage or to have had a recent pelvic examination or mammogram. Self-reported histories of breast cancer, however, did not differ from adjusted US female population estimates.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Lesbians and bisexual women differ from heterosexual women in patterns of health risk. These women would be expected to be at especially greater risk for chronic diseases linked to smoking and obesity.
authors: Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Center for Health Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Box 951772, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1772, USA. cochran@ucla.edu
authors: S D
authors: SD
authors: Cochran
authors: V M
authors: VM
authors: Mays
authors: D
authors: D
authors: Bowen
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Gage
authors: D
authors: D
authors: Bybee
authors: S J
authors: SJ
authors: Roberts
authors: R S
authors: RS
authors: Goldstein
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Robison
authors: E J
authors: EJ
authors: Rankow
authors: J
authors: J
authors: White
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001727:Bisexuality / Q000523:psychology*; D003625:Data Collection; D005260:Female; D015438:Health Behavior; D006297:Health Services Accessibility; D018452:Homosexuality, Female / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D008327:Mammography / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008403:Mass Screening / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000517:prevention & control*; D012307:Risk Factors; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D014626:Vaginal Smears / Q000706:statistics & numerical data