title: Aluminum bioavailability from drinking water is very low and is not appreciably influenced by stomach contents or water hardness.
abstract: The objectives were to estimate aluminum (Al) oral bioavailability under conditions that model its consumption in drinking water, and to test the hypotheses that stomach contents and co-administration of the major components of hard water affect Al absorption. Rats received intragastric 26Al in the absence and presence of food in the stomach and with or without concomitant calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) at concentrations found in hard drinking water. The use of 26Al enables the study of Al pharmacokinetics at physiological Al concentrations without interference from 27Al in the environment or the subject. 27Al was intravenously administered throughout the study. Repeated blood withdrawal enabled determination of oral 26Al bioavailability from the area under its serum concentrationxtime curve compared to serum 27Al concentration in relation to its infusion rate. Oral Al bioavailability averaged 0.28%. The presence of food in the stomach and Ca and Mg in the water that contained the orally dosed 26Al appeared to delay but not significantly alter the extent of 26Al absorption. The present and published results suggest oral bioavailability of Al from drinking water is very low, about 0.3%. The present results suggest it is independent of stomach contents and water hardness.
authors: Pharmacy Building, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky Medical Center, Lexington, KY 40536-0082, USA. ryokel1@pop.uky.edu
authors: R A
authors: RA
authors: Yokel
authors: S S
authors: SS
authors: Rhineheimer
authors: R D
authors: RD
authors: Brauer
authors: P
authors: P
authors: Sharma
authors: D
authors: D
authors: Elmore
authors: P J
authors: PJ
authors: McNamara
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000535:Aluminum / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D000818:Animals; D019540:Area Under Curve; D001682:Biological Availability; D004326:Drinking; D005502:Food; D005753:Gastric Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D011916:Rats, Inbred F344; D013054:Spectrophotometry, Atomic; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D014867:Water; D000535:Aluminum