Characterization of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in saliva and blood plasma by V3-specific heteroduplex tracking assay and genotype analyses.
The gp120 V3-encoding region of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) RNA derived from the saliva and blood plasma of 11 individuals was characterized by heteroduplex tracking assay and sequence analyses. R5-like viral variants were identified in both fluids of all subjects. X4-like variants were detected in the plasma and/or saliva of three subjects, indicating that X4-like variants are not excluded from the saliva compartment. Viral subpopulations were similar in both fluids of most subjects, suggesting that HIV-1 in oral fluids and blood may stem from a common source. These findings raise the possibility of using saliva as a noninvasive fluid for evaluating and monitoring viral evolution in infected persons.
Freel
S A
SA
School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA.
Williams
J M
JM
Nelson
J A
JA
Patton
L L
LL
Fiscus
S A
SA
Swanstrom
R
R
Shugars
D C
DC
D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D001483:Base Sequence; D004279:DNA, Viral; D005838:Genotype; D015699:HIV Envelope Protein gp120 / Q000235:genetics*; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000821:virology*; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics*; D020180:Heteroduplex Analysis; D006801:Humans; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000235:genetics*; D010949:Plasma / Q000821:virology; D012463:Saliva / Q000821:virology
D004279:DNA, Viral; D015699:HIV Envelope Protein gp120; C059762:HIV envelope protein gp120 (305-321); D010446:Peptide Fragments