title: Frozen section investigation of the sentinel node in malignant melanoma and breast cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Intraoperative frozen section investigation allows immediate regional lymph node dissection when the sentinel node contains tumor. The purpose of this study was to determine the sensitivity of frozen section diagnosis of the sentinel node in melanoma and breast cancer patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 177 sentinel nodes from 99 melanoma patients and 444 lymph nodes from 262 breast cancer patients were assessed by frozen section investigation. Nodes were bisected, and a complete cross-section was obtained for frozen section. Step sections at three levels were made of the remaining lymphatic tissue and were stained with hematoxylin and eosin and S100/HMB45 (melanoma) or CAM5.2 (breast cancer) to obtain a final pathological diagnosis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Frozen section investigation revealed metastases in 8 of 17 node-positive melanoma patients (47%). Seventy-one of 96 breast cancer patients (74%) with lymph node metastases were identified with frozen section. The specificity was 100% and 99%, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The sensitivity of intraoperative frozen section investigation of sentinel nodes was 47% in melanoma patients and 74% in breast cancer patients. Frozen section examination allows immediate axillary lymph node dissection in the majority of node-positive breast cancer patients. Frozen section analysis is not recommended in patients with melanoma.
authors: Department of Surgery, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam. ptanis@nki.nl
authors: P J
authors: PJ
authors: Tanis
authors: R P
authors: RP
authors: Boom
authors: H S
authors: HS
authors: Koops
authors: I F
authors: IF
authors: Faneyte
authors: J L
authors: JL
authors: Peterse
authors: O E
authors: OE
authors: Nieweg
authors: E J
authors: EJ
authors: Rutgers
authors: A T
authors: AT
authors: Tiebosch
authors: B B
authors: BB
authors: Kroon
mesh_terms: D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D004396:Coloring Agents; D004801:Eosine Yellowish-(YS); D005260:Female; D005629:Frozen Sections; D006416:Hematoxylin; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007430:Intraoperative Care; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008545:Melanoma / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D021701:Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D004396:Coloring Agents; D004801:Eosine Yellowish-(YS); D006416:Hematoxylin