title: Intra-thoracic failure pattern and survival status following 3D conformal radiotherapy for non-small cell lung cancer: a preliminary report.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  To study the intra-thoracic failure pattern, clinical target volume (CTV) and survival status following 3D conformal radiotherapy (3DCRT) boost for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).
  
  
  METHODS
  From May 1994 through June 1998, 33 patients (26 male, seven female) with NSCLC were treated with a complete course of radiotherapy (RT) in our institute. Group A included 10 patients receiving radical operation and adjuvant postoperative RT. The other 23 patients (groups B and C) received definitive radiotherapy as local treatment. Among them there were seven cases as group B (stage I-II) and 16 cases as group C (stage III). Fifteen (15/33) patients received chemotherapy. The radiotherapy strategy constituted conventional AP/PA radiotherapy (RT) 19.8-45 Gy (median 39.6 Gy) plus 3DCRT boost 6-34.2 Gy (median 20 Gy). The median total tumor dose was 59.6 Gy (ranging from 39.8 to 64.8 Gy). Patients were followed up regularly (6/33) or until their death (27/33). Nineteen patients received follow-up chest computed tomography (CT). The relationship between intra-thoracic failure found by chest CT and the initial RT and boost RT fields was analyzed. Local failure was defined as one of the following: clinical disease progression, CXR progression or relapse noted by CT. The overall survival (OS) and local failure free survival (LFF) were obtained using the Kaplan-Meier method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sixteen intra-thoracic failures were noted in 15 follow-up chest CT examinations, which included nine in-field relapses, three partial in-field relapses and four out-field relapses. The 2-year OS and LFF for groups A, B and C were 78.8/59.2, 14.2/16.7 and 6.2/7.1% respectively. RTOG grade III/IV complications included one pneumothorax (RTOG grade III).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our retrospective study showed that selective omission of contralateral mediastinal lymph node station irradiation may be appropriate in RT for NSCLC. Chest wall and pleural relapses may not be a negligible cause of intra-thoracic failure after RT for NSCLC.
authors: Department of Radiation Therapy and Oncology, Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors: C R
authors: CR
authors: Chien
authors: S W
authors: SW
authors: Chen
authors: C Y
authors: CY
authors: Hsieh
authors: J A
authors: JA
authors: Liang
authors: S N
authors: SN
authors: Yang
authors: C Y
authors: CY
authors: Huang
authors: F J
authors: FJ
authors: Lin
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / Q000532:radiotherapy* / Q000556:secondary; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010997:Pleural Neoplasms / Q000556:secondary; D011879:Radiotherapy Dosage; D020266:Radiotherapy, Conformal; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012907:Smoking; D016019:Survival Analysis; D013899:Thoracic Neoplasms / Q000556:secondary