title: The effects of Ledermix paste on discolouration of mature teeth.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aims of this study were to: (i) investigate the effects of Ledermix paste as an intracanal medicament on discolouration of mature teeth, (ii) examine whether the discolouring effects were related to the method of application, and (iii) examine the effects of sunlight upon discolouration of mature teeth.
  
  
  METHODS
  The root canals of 45 mature extracted human teeth were prepared and filled with either Ledermix paste, calcium hydroxide [Ca(OH)2], or saline. In group 1, Ledermix paste was placed apical to the cemento-enamel junction (CEJ), whilst in groups 2 and 3 the paste filled the entire pulp chamber and root canals. In group 4, a Ca(OH)2 and methyl cellulose paste and, in group 5, saline (control) were allowed to fill the pulp chamber and the root canals. Group 3 teeth were kept in the dark and the other groups were exposed to indirect sunlight for 12 weeks.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After 12 weeks, sunlight exposure had caused dark grey-brown staining of the teeth in the Ledermix groups, but this did not occur when the teeth were kept in the dark. More severe staining was noted when Ledermix paste filled the pulp chamber than when the paste was restricted to below the CEJ.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It was concluded that Ledermix paste may cause discolouration of teeth. Such effects can be minimized if placement of the paste is restricted to below the gingival margin. Clinicians should ensure that Ledermix paste is not left on the walls of access cavities.
authors: School of Dental Science, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
authors: S T
authors: ST
authors: Kim
authors: P V
authors: PV
authors: Abbott
authors: P
authors: P
authors: McGinley
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D003707:Demeclocycline / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004338:Drug Combinations; D006801:Humans; D007180:Incisor / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D012388:Root Canal Irrigants / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D013472:Sunlight / Q000009:adverse effects; D014075:Tooth Discoloration / Q000139:chemically induced*; D014222:Triamcinolone Acetonide / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D004338:Drug Combinations; D012388:Root Canal Irrigants; D003707:Demeclocycline; C001527:Ledermix; D014222:Triamcinolone Acetonide