title: Activation of peritoneal cells upon in vivo transfection with a recombinant alphavirus expressing GM-CSF.
abstract: In this study we determined the in vivo localization of recombinant proteins expressed by intraperitoneally (i.p.) injected recombinant Semliki Forest virus (SFV) particles. Subsequently, we investigated the influence of i.p. administered SFV particles encoding recombinant murine granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (rmGM-CSF) on intraperitoneal recruitment and activation of cells. Finally, the therapeutic effect of SFV-GM-CSF treatment on an i.p. growing ovarian tumor was determined. Intraperitoneal injections of recombinant SFV particles encoding the reporter protein luciferase resulted in a high level of luciferase activity in cells of the peritoneal lining and tumor cells in the peritoneal cavity. Low levels of luciferase activity were found in liver, spleen and lungs. Injection of SFV-GM-CSF particles resulted in a slight increase in the number of peritoneal macrophages and in a significant increase in the number of neutrophils. In contrast to multiple i.p. injections with commercially available recombinant GM-CSF, i.p. injected SFV-GM-CSF particles activated the macrophages to tumor cytotoxicity. Although treatment of tumor-bearing mice with SFV-GM-CSF particles did not result in prolonged survival, tumor growth was inhibited for 2 weeks. Our findings indicate that macrophage-activating cytokines expressed by the efficient and safe recombinant SFV system when administered i.p. may provide an immunotherapeutic treatment modality additional to current chemotherapeutic treatment of intraperitoneally growing cancers.
authors: Department of Physiological Chemistry, Molecular Virology Section, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Groningen University Institute for Drug Exploration, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
authors: A H
authors: AH
authors: Klimp
authors: E
authors: E
authors: van der Vaart
authors: P O
authors: PO
authors: Lansink
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Withoff
authors: E G
authors: EG
authors: de Vries
authors: G L
authors: GL
authors: Scherphof
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Wilschut
authors: T
authors: T
authors: Daemen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005260:Female; D015316:Genetic Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D005822:Genetic Vectors / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D007274:Injections, Intraperitoneal; D008099:Liver / Q000201:enzymology; D008156:Luciferases / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics; D008168:Lung / Q000201:enzymology; D008262:Macrophage Activation; D051379:Mice; D008809:Mice, Inbred C3H; D009374:Neoplasms, Experimental / Q000378:metabolism / Q000628:therapy; D010051:Ovarian Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000628:therapy; D010537:Peritoneum / Q000201:enzymology; D012672:Semliki forest virus / Q000235:genetics*; D013154:Spleen / Q000201:enzymology; D014162:Transfection / Q000379:methods*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor; D008156:Luciferases