title: Anatomical and functional characteristics of carotid sinus stimulation in humans.
abstract: Transmission characteristics of pneumatic pressure to the carotid sinus were evaluated in 19 subjects at rest and during exercise. Either a percutaneous fluid-filled (n = 12) or balloon-tipped catheter (n = 7) was placed at the carotid bifurcation to record internal transmission of external neck pressure/neck suction (NP/NS). Sustained, 5-s pulses, and rapid ramping pulse protocols (+40 to -80 Torr) were recorded. Transmission of pressure stimuli was less with the fluid-filled catheter compared with that of the balloon-tipped catheter (65% vs. 82% negative pressure, 83% vs. 89% positive pressure; P < 0.05). Anatomical location of the carotid sinus averaged 3.2 cm (left) and 3.6 cm (right) from the gonion of the mandible with a range of 0-7.5 cm. Transmission was not altered by exercise or Valsalva maneuver, but did vary depending on the position of the carotid sinus locus beneath the sealed chamber. These data indicate that transmission of external NP/NS was higher than previously recorded in humans, and anatomical variation of carotid sinus location and equipment design can affect transmission results.
authors: Department of Integrative Physiology, and Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas 76107, USA.
authors: R G
authors: RG
authors: Querry
authors: S A
authors: SA
authors: Smith
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Strømstad
authors: K
authors: K
authors: Ide
authors: N H
authors: NH
authors: Secher
authors: P B
authors: PB
authors: Raven
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017704:Baroreflex / Q000502:physiology*; D002346:Carotid Sinus / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000502:physiology*; D002404:Catheterization; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D009333:Neck; D005082:Physical Exertion / Q000502:physiology; D011312:Pressure; D012146:Rest / Q000502:physiology