title: Phycoerythrin-allophycocyanin: a resonance energy transfer fluorochrome for immunofluorescence.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  As immunofluorescence experiments become more complex, the demand for new dyes with different properties increases. Fluorescent dyes with large Stoke's shifts that are very bright and have low background binding to cells are especially desirable. We report on the properties of the resonance energy tandems of phycoerythrin and allophycocyanin (PE-APC). PE-APC is the original fluorescence resonance energy tandem dye described in the literature, but it has not been utilized because of the difficulty of synthesizing and preparing a consistent product.
  
  
  METHODS
  PE-APC complexes comprising different ratios of the two phycobiliproteins conjugated to streptavidin were synthesized using standard protein-protein conjugation chemistry. The PE-APC streptavidins were evaluated for flow cytometric analysis. They were compared directly to Cy5PE conjugates because Cy5PE is the fluorophore that is spectrally most like the PE-APC.
  
  
  RESULTS
  PE-APC complexes showed the expected fluorescence spectral properties of a tandem: excitation was excellent at 488 nm (and best at the PE excitation maximum) and emission was greatest at the APC emission maximum at about 660 nm. The efficiency of transfer of energy from PE to APC was about 90%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PE-APC can be considered an excellent substitute for Cy5PE. Compared with Cy5PE, PE-APC has similar brightness (in staining experiments), slightly greater compensation requirements with PE but much lower compensation with Cy5.5PE or Cy5.5PerCP, and lower nonspecific background binding. PE-APC is a useful alternative to Cy5PE, especially in applications in which the use of Cy5 is impractical. Cytometry 44:24-29, 2001. Published 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
authors: Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA.
authors: I
authors: I
authors: Tjioe
authors: T
authors: T
authors: Legerton
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Wegstein
authors: L A
authors: LA
authors: Herzenberg
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Roederer
mesh_terms: D005434:Flow Cytometry / Q000379:methods; D005455:Fluorescent Antibody Technique; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D006801:Humans; D010798:Phycocyanin; D010799:Phycoerythrin
chemical_list: D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; C002497:allophycocyanin; D010798:Phycocyanin; D010799:Phycoerythrin