title: Inhibition of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase pathway contributes to HT29 and Caco-2 intestinal cell differentiation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), an important mediator of intracellular signal transduction, has been shown to affect proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis in a number of cells; the role of PI3K in intestinal cell differentiation is not known.
  
  
  METHODS
  The effect of PI3K inhibition on enterocyte-like differentiation of the human colon cancer cells, HT29 and Caco-2, was assessed using complementary approaches (i.e., chemical inhibition with wortmannin, transfection with a dominant negative p85 mutant, or overexpression of the tumor suppressor gene phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted on chromosome 10 [PTEN]). Brush-border enzyme (intestinal alkaline phosphatase [IAP] and sucrase) activities, IAP messenger RNA levels, and IAP promoter induction were measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The PI3K inhibitor, wortmannin, in combination with sodium butyrate, synergistically induced IAP and sucrase enzyme activities and IAP messenger RNA levels in a time- and dose-dependent fashion. Consistent with these results, cotransfection using the dominant negative mutant of p85 (Deltap85) induced IAP promoter activity. Moreover, overexpression of PTEN, which antagonizes PI3K, significantly augmented the induction of IAP enzyme activity in HT29 and Caco-2 cells treated with sodium butyrate and in spontaneously differentiated Caco-2 cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results show that inhibition of PI3K significantly enhances enterocyte-like differentiation of HT29 and Caco-2 cells. Taken together, our findings suggest a contributory role for the PI3K/PTEN pathway in intestinal cell differentiation.
authors: Department of Surgery, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555-0536, USA.
authors: Q
authors: Q
authors: Wang
authors: X
authors: X
authors: Wang
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Hernandez
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Kim
authors: B M
authors: BM
authors: Evers
mesh_terms: D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000096:biosynthesis; D000730:Androstadienes / Q000494:pharmacology*; D020148:Butyric Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D018938:Caco-2 Cells; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects*; D020895:Enterocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects*; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019073:HT29 Cells; D006801:Humans; D051059:PTEN Phosphohydrolase; D000081082:Phosphoinositide-3 Kinase Inhibitors; D010744:Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases / Q000502:physiology; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D013393:Sucrase / Q000096:biosynthesis; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins; D000077191:Wortmannin
chemical_list: D000730:Androstadienes; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D000081082:Phosphoinositide-3 Kinase Inhibitors; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins; D020148:Butyric Acid; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase; D010744:Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases; D051059:PTEN Phosphohydrolase; C494929:PTEN protein, human; D013393:Sucrase; D000077191:Wortmannin