title: Longitudinal study on work related and individual risk factors affecting radiating neck pain.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the effects of work related and individual factors affecting radiating neck pain.
  
  
  METHODS
  A longitudinal study was carried out with repeated measurements. A total of 5180 Finnish forest industry workers replied to a questionnaire survey in 1992 (response rate 75%). Response rates to follow up questionnaires in 1993, 1994, and 1995 were 83%, 77%, and 90%, respectively. The outcome variable was the number of days with radiating neck pain during the preceding 12 months with three levels (<8, 8-30, >30 days). The generalised estimating equations method was used to fit a marginal model and a transition model was used in a predictive analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Items showing associations with radiating neck pain in both analyses were sex, age, body mass index, smoking, duration of work with a hand above shoulder level, mental stress, and other musculoskeletal pains. In the transition model, radiating neck pain in a previous questionnaire was included in the model. Although it was a strong predictor, the variables already mentioned retained their significance.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Programmes targeted to reduce physical load at work, mental stress, being overweight, and smoking could potentially prevent radiating neck pain.
authors: Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland. eira.viikari-juntura@occuphealth.fi
authors: E
authors: E
authors: Viikari-Juntura
authors: R
authors: R
authors: Martikainen
authors: R
authors: R
authors: Luukkonen
authors: P
authors: P
authors: Mutanen
authors: E P
authors: EP
authors: Takala
authors: H
authors: H
authors: Riihimäki
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D005387:Finland / Q000453:epidemiology; D016468:Forestry; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019547:Neck Pain / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D009784:Occupational Diseases / Q000209:etiology*; D012307:Risk Factors