title: Long-term results after successful extracorporeal gallstone lithotripsy: outcome of the first 120 stone-free patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Long-term results after successful extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) of symptomatic gallbladder stones are determined by stone and complaint recurrence. The long-term outcomes of the first successfully treated patients of our Department are presented.
  
  
  METHODS
  The first consecutive 120 patients with symptomatic gallbladder stones who became stone-free after ESWL plus oral bile acids in the years 1986 and 1987 were included in this study. They were followed up at 1-to 2-year intervals clinically and by ultrasonography until April 1998. Recurrence of stones and biliary symptoms and subsequent treatment were recorded. The effect of various factors on recurrence was analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Median follow-up time was 6.0 years for all patients and 8.8 years for patients without recurrence (range, 0-11.2 years for both). Actuarial recurrence probability was 1.9%-16.6% per year reaching 60.2% (49.9%, 70.3%) (95% confidence interval) after 10 years. Patients with stone recurrence revealed significantly more stones before ESWL than patients without recurrence (P < 0.03). Other factors were not significantly different. The majority of stone recurrences were symptomatic requiring retreatment, mostly cholecystectomy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The probability of gallbladder stone recurrence after successful ESWL remains high during a decade of follow-up. Many patients require repeated nonsurgical treatment or cholecystectomy. Thus long-term results are unsatisfactory and ESWL should be offered only exceptionally.
authors: Medical Clinic 2, Klinikum Wuppertal, University of Witten/Herdecke, Germany. jjanssen@klinikum-wuppertal.de
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Janssen
authors: W
authors: W
authors: Johanns
authors: U
authors: U
authors: Weickert
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Rahmatian
authors: L
authors: L
authors: Greiner
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D002769:Cholelithiasis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000628:therapy*; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008096:Lithotripsy / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010147:Pain Measurement; D011336:Probability; D012008:Recurrence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014463:Ultrasonography