title: Risk factors for recurrence and metastasis after breast-conserving therapy for ductal carcinoma-in-situ: analysis of European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Trial 10853.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In view of the increasing number of patients treated with breast-conserving treatment (BCT) for ductal carcinoma-in-situ (DCIS), risk factors for recurrence and metastasis should be identified.
  
  
  METHODS
  Clinical and pathologic characteristics from patients with DCIS in the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer trial 10853 (excision with or without radiotherapy) were related to the risk of recurrence. Pathologic features were derived from a central review of 863 of the 1,010 randomized cases (85%). The median follow-up was 5.4 years.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Factors associated with an increased risk of local recurrence in the multivariate analysis were young age (< or = 40 years) (hazard ratio, 2.14; P =.02), symptomatic detection of DCIS (hazard ratio, 1.80; P =.008), growth pattern (solid and cribriform) (hazard ratios, 2.67 and 2.69, respectively; P =.012), involved margins (hazard ratio, 2.07; P =.0008), and treatment by local excision alone (hazard ratio, 1.74; P =.009). The risk of invasive recurrence was not related to the histologic type of DCIS (P =.63), but the risk of distant metastasis was significantly higher in poorly differentiated DCIS compared with well-differentiated DCIS (hazard ratio, 6.57; P =.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients with poorly differentiated DCIS have a high risk of distant metastasis after invasive local recurrence. Margin status is the most important factor in the success of BCT for DCIS; additionally, young age and symptomatic detection of DCIS have negative prognostic value.
authors: Departments of Radiation Oncology and Pathology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors: N
authors: N
authors: Bijker
authors: J L
authors: JL
authors: Peterse
authors: L
authors: L
authors: Duchateau
authors: J P
authors: JP
authors: Julien
authors: I S
authors: IS
authors: Fentiman
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Duval
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Di Palma
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Simony-Lafontaine
authors: I
authors: I
authors: de Mascarel
authors: M J
authors: MJ
authors: van de Vijver
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017668:Age of Onset; D000368:Aged; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D002285:Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating / Q000556:secondary* / Q000601:surgery*; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D015412:Mastectomy, Segmental; D008875:Middle Aged; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome