Feasibility study prior to the certification of trace elements in urban and industrial wastewater reference materials.
Reliable results for the determination of trace elements in urban and industrial wastewaters are of paramount importance for both checking the performance of sewage treatment and for detecting possible urban or industrial contamination sources. The quality control of measurements should in principle rely on external tools such as certified reference materials (CRM), which should represent, as closely as possible, the matrix of samples currently analysed, e.g., in the frame of environmental monitoring. To date, however, no CRM representatives of wastewater composition are available, which limits the possibility for control laboratories to check their QC externally. To fill this gap, the European Commission's Standards, Measurements and Testing Programme (formerly BCR) has started a European collaborative project of which the aim is to test the feasibility of preparation of wastewater reference materials and the analytical state-of-the-art to enable the certification of trace elements in such matrices. This paper presents the results of the first phase of this project, namely the feasibility study and the results of an interlaboratory trial.
Segura
M
M
Universidad Complutense, Departamento de Química Analítica, Ciudad Universitaria, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
Madrid
Y
Y
Cámara
C
C
Rebollo
C
C
Azcárate
J
J
Kramer
G
G
Quevauviller
P
P
D002568:Certification; D002947:Cities; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D006801:Humans; D007221:Industry; D015588:Observer Variation; D011786:Quality Control; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012722:Sewage; D014131:Trace Elements / Q000032:analysis*; D014865:Waste Disposal, Fluid; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis*; D014881:Water Supply
D012722:Sewage; D014131:Trace Elements; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical