A novel pathway of cellular phosphatidylinositol(3,4,5)-trisphosphate synthesis is regulated by oxidative stress.
BACKGROUND
Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate [PtdIns(3,4,5)P(3)] is a key second messenger found ubiquitously in higher eukaryotic cells. The activation of Class I phosphoinositide 3-kinases and the subsequent production of PtdIns(3,4,5)P(3) is an important cell signaling event that has been causally linked to the activation of a variety of downstream cellular processes, such as cell migration and proliferation. Although numerous proteins regulating a variety of biological pathways have been shown to bind PtdIns(3,4,5)P(3), there are no data to demonstrate multiple mechanisms for PtdIns(3,4,5)P(3) synthesis in vivo.


RESULTS
In this study, we demonstrate an alternative pathway for the in vivo production of PtdIns(3,4,5)P(3) mediated by the action of murine Type Ialpha phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate 5-kinase (Type Ialpha PIPkinase), an enzyme best characterized as regulating cellular PtdIns(4,5)P(2) levels. Analysis of this novel pathway of PtdIns(3,4,5)P(3) synthesis in cellular membranes leads us to conclude that in vivo, Type Ialpha PIPkinase also acts as a PtdIns(3,4)P(2) 5-kinase. We demonstrate for the first time that cells actually contain an endogenous PtdIns(3,4)P(2) 5-kinase, and that during oxidative stress, this enzyme is responsible for PtdIns(3,4,5)P(3) synthesis. Furthermore, we demonstrate that by upregulating the H(2)O(2)-induced PtdIns(3,4,5)P(3) levels using overexpression studies, the endogenous PtdIns(3,4)P(2) 5-kinase is likely to be Type Ialpha PIPkinase.


CONCLUSIONS
We describe for the first time a novel in vivo activity for Type Ialpha PIPkinase, and a novel pathway for the in vivo synthesis of functional PtdIns(3,4,5)P(3), a key lipid second messenger regulating a number of diverse cellular processes.
Halstead
J R
JR
Division of Cellular Biochemistry, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Roefs
M
M
Ellson
C D
CD
D'Andrea
S
S
Chen
C
C
D'Santos
C S
CS
Divecha
N
N
D000818:Animals; D019556:COS Cells; D002522:Chlorocebus aethiops; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000494:pharmacology; D051379:Mice; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D018129:Phosphatidylinositol Phosphates / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D017853:Phosphotransferases (Alcohol Group Acceptor) / Q000378:metabolism*
D018129:Phosphatidylinositol Phosphates; C060974:phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-triphosphate; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D017853:Phosphotransferases (Alcohol Group Acceptor); C020077:1-phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 5-kinase