title: An investigation of mucus/polymer rheological synergism using synthesised and characterised poly(acrylic acid)s.
abstract: A range of poly(acrylic acid)s with different average degrees of polymerisation and cross-linking densities were synthesised using a solution polymerisation process. The rheological characteristics of aqueous dispersions of these materials and those of mixtures with homogenised pigs gastric mucus were investigated using dynamic oscillatory rheology, and compared to the known mucoadhesive Carbopol 934P. From the storage moduli, the rheological synergy and relative rheological synergy were calculated, and the effects of concentration and pH on this considered. Generally, the larger the molecular weight (and degree of cross-linking), the greater the rheological synergy, with Carbopol 934P giving the most pronounced effect. Rheological synergy was seen to be concentration-dependent, and a maximum concentration to produce an optimum effect was evident. Acid pHs were seen to favour synergy, although in marked contrast to previous literature reports, the optimum mucus-polymer interaction was not observed at the half ionised value (pH = pKa) but at pH regimes that were unique to each polymer type. This could be influenced by the structural constrains imposed on potential hydrogen bonded interactions. It was concluded that synthesising poly(acrylic acid)s with better defined physicochemical properties than commercially available polymers will advance the study of the phenomenon of rheological synergy.
authors: Biomaterials and Drug Delivery Group, Institute of Biomedical and Biomolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, White Swan Road, PO1 2DT, Portsmouth, UK.
authors: R G
authors: RG
authors: Riley
authors: J D
authors: JD
authors: Smart
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Tsibouklis
authors: P W
authors: PW
authors: Dettmar
authors: F
authors: F
authors: Hampson
authors: J A
authors: JA
authors: Davis
authors: G
authors: G
authors: Kelly
authors: W R
authors: WR
authors: Wilber
mesh_terms: D000180:Acrylic Resins / Q000737:chemistry*; D000818:Animals; D003432:Cross-Linking Reagents / Q000737:chemistry*; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D009093:Mucus; D011108:Polymers / Q000737:chemistry*; D011145:Polyvinyls / Q000737:chemistry*; D011480:Protease Inhibitors / Q000737:chemistry*; D012212:Rheology; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D013552:Swine
chemical_list: D000180:Acrylic Resins; D003432:Cross-Linking Reagents; D011108:Polymers; D011145:Polyvinyls; D011480:Protease Inhibitors; C006912:carboxypolymethylene; C006903:carbopol 940