title: Muscle-derived cell transplantation and differentiation into lower urinary tract smooth muscle.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To explore the feasibility of primary skeletal muscle-derived cell (MDC)-based tissue engineering and gene transfer into the lower urinary tract and to explore whether the injected primary skeletal MDCs can persist and differentiate into myotubes and myofibers in the bladder wall.
  
  
  METHODS
  Primary MDCs isolated from normal mice were first transduced with adenovirus encoding the expression of the beta-galactosidase reporter gene. Adult severe combined immunodeficiency mice (n = 12) were used in this study. The MDCs were injected into the right and left lateral bladder walls with a 10-microL Hamilton microsyringe. The amount of injected MDCs ranged from 1 to 1.5 x 10(6) cells. The tissue was harvested after 5, 35, and 70 days, sectioned, stained for fast myosin heavy chain, and assayed for beta-galactosidase expression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We observed a large number of cells expressing beta-galactosidase in the bladder wall at each time point. Many myotubes and myofibers expressing beta-galactosidase and positively stained for fast myosin heavy chain were also seen in the bladder wall at 35 and 70 days after injection. Additionally, the size of the injected MDCs significantly increased during the course of the study (P <0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We have demonstrated the long-term survival and beta-galactosidase expression of MDCs injected into the bladder wall. Moreover, our results suggest that some injected MDCs can differentiate into myofibers. These results suggest that MDCs can be a desirable substance for tissue engineering and an ex vivo method for gene transfer into the lower urinary tract.
authors: Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
authors: T
authors: T
authors: Yokoyama
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Huard
authors: R
authors: R
authors: Pruchnic
authors: N
authors: N
authors: Yoshimura
authors: Z
authors: Z
authors: Qu
authors: B
authors: B
authors: Cao
authors: W C
authors: WC
authors: de Groat
authors: H
authors: H
authors: Kumon
authors: M B
authors: MB
authors: Chancellor
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015820:Cadherins / Q000032:analysis; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000502:physiology*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003893:Desmin; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D018014:Gene Transfer Techniques; D017930:Genes, Reporter / Q000235:genetics; D007763:Lac Operon / Q000235:genetics; D051379:Mice; D016513:Mice, SCID; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000166:cytology* / Q000637:transplantation; D009130:Muscle, Smooth / Q000166:cytology* / Q000502:physiology*; D009210:Myofibrils / Q000637:transplantation; D018995:Myosin Heavy Chains / Q000032:analysis; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000166:cytology* / Q000201:enzymology; D001616:beta-Galactosidase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D015820:Cadherins; D003893:Desmin; C070896:M-cadherin; D001616:beta-Galactosidase; D018995:Myosin Heavy Chains