title: The novel triterpenoid CDDO induces apoptosis and differentiation of human osteosarcoma cells by a caspase-8 dependent mechanism.
abstract: The oleanane triterpenoid 2-cyano-3,12-dioxoolean-1,9-dien-28-oic acid (CDDO) is a multifunctional molecule that induces monocytic differentiation of human myeloid leukemia cells and inhibits proliferation of diverse human tumor cell lines. The present studies on human osteosarcoma cells demonstrate that CDDO induces mitochondrial cytochrome c release, caspase-3 activation, and internucleosomal DNA fragmentation. Overexpression of the caspase-8 inhibitor CrmA blocked CDDO-induced cytochrome c release and apoptosis. By contrast, overexpression of the antiapoptotic Bcl-x(L) protein blocked CDDO-induced cytochrome c release, but only partly inhibited caspase-3 activation and apoptosis. In concert with these findings, we demonstrate that CDDO: 1) activates caspase-8 and thereby caspase-3 by a cytochrome c-independent mechanism and 2) induces cytochrome c release by caspase-8-dependent cleavage of Bid. The results also demonstrate that treatment of osteosarcoma cells with CDDO induces differentiation, as assessed by alkaline phosphatase activity and osteocalcin production, and that this response is abrogated in cells that overexpress CrmA. These findings demonstrate that CDDO induces both osteoblastic differentiation and apoptosis by caspase-8-dependent mechanisms.
authors: Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
authors: Y
authors: Y
authors: Ito
authors: P
authors: P
authors: Pandey
authors: M B
authors: MB
authors: Sporn
authors: R
authors: R
authors: Datta
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Kharbanda
authors: D
authors: D
authors: Kufe
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis; D053181:Caspase 8; D053453:Caspase 9; D020169:Caspases / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D003574:Cytochrome c Group / Q000378:metabolism; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D006801:Humans; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology; D009828:Oleanolic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012516:Osteosarcoma / Q000473:pathology*; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: C116817:2-cyano-3,12-dioxoolean-1,9-dien-28-oic acid; D003574:Cytochrome c Group; D009828:Oleanolic Acid; C505530:CASP8 protein, human; C506433:CASP9 protein, human; D053181:Caspase 8; D053453:Caspase 9; D020169:Caspases