title: Effects of 50 Hz magnetic fields on cancer induced by ionizing radiation in mice.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effects of 50 Hz magnetic fields (MF) on the development of cancer induced by ionizing radiation.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 150 female CBA/S mice were randomized into three equal groups at the age of 3-5 weeks. One of the groups served as a 'cage-control group'. The two other groups were exposed to ionizing radiation in the beginning of the study. One of these two groups was exposed 24 h per day, for 1.5 years, to a 50Hz vertical MF, the intensity of which varied regularly between 1.3, 13 and 130 muT. The other served as a control group and was sham-exposed to MF in similar, but unenergized, exposure racks. Body weights, clinical signs, and food and water consumption were recorded regularly. Haematological examination, and the histopathological analysis of all lesions and major tissues were performed on all animals.
  
  
  RESULTS
  MF exposure did not increase the incidence of any primary neoplasms. However, the incidence of basophilic liver foci, a probable pre-neoplastic change in liver, was increased. The incidence of hepatocellular adenomas was unchanged, whereas the incidence of hepatocellular carcinomas was slightly, but not statistically significantly, elevated.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It is concluded that overall the results of this study do not support a role for MF as a tumour promoter.
authors: Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Kuopio, Finland.
authors: P
authors: P
authors: Heikkinen
authors: V M
authors: VM
authors: Kosma
authors: H
authors: H
authors: Huuskonen
authors: H
authors: H
authors: Komulainen
authors: T
authors: T
authors: Kumlin
authors: I
authors: I
authors: Penttilä
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Väänänen
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Juutilainen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004326:Drinking / Q000528:radiation effects; D004435:Eating / Q000528:radiation effects; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000528:radiation effects; D005260:Female; D007962:Leukocytes / Q000528:radiation effects; D008099:Liver / Q000473:pathology / Q000528:radiation effects; D008280:Magnetics; D051379:Mice; D008808:Mice, Inbred CBA; D009381:Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced / Q000209:etiology*; D009929:Organ Size / Q000528:radiation effects