title: Residual human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) Type 1 RNA and DNA in lymph nodes and HIV RNA in genital secretions and in cerebrospinal fluid after suppression of viremia for 2 years.
abstract: Residual viral replication persists in a significant proportion of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients receiving potent antiretroviral therapy. To determine the source of this virus, levels of HIV RNA and DNA from lymphoid tissues and levels of viral RNA in serum, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and genital secretions in 28 patients treated for < or =2.5 years with indinavir, zidovudine, and lamivudine were examined. Both HIV RNA and DNA remained detectable in all lymph nodes. In contrast, HIV RNA was not detected in 20 of 23 genital secretions or in any of 13 CSF samples after 2 years of treatment. HIV envelope sequence data from plasma and lymph nodes from 4 patients demonstrated sequence divergence, which suggests varying degrees of residual viral replication in 3 and absence in 1 patient. In patients receiving potent antiretroviral therapy, the greatest virus burden may continue to be in lymphoid tissues rather than in central nervous system or genitourinary compartments.
authors: Dept. of Medicine, Div. of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital of Zurich, Ramistrasse 100, CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland. huldrych.guenthard@dim.usz.ch.
authors: H F
authors: HF
authors: Günthard
authors: D V
authors: DV
authors: Havlir
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Fiscus
authors: Z Q
authors: ZQ
authors: Zhang
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Eron
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Mellors
authors: R
authors: R
authors: Gulick
authors: S D
authors: SD
authors: Frost
authors: A J
authors: AJ
authors: Brown
authors: W
authors: W
authors: Schleif
authors: F
authors: F
authors: Valentine
authors: L
authors: L
authors: Jonas
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Meibohm
authors: C C
authors: CC
authors: Ignacio
authors: R
authors: R
authors: Isaacs
authors: R
authors: R
authors: Gamagami
authors: E
authors: E
authors: Emini
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Haase
authors: D D
authors: DD
authors: Richman
authors: J K
authors: JK
authors: Wong
mesh_terms: D015331:Cohort Studies; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000032:analysis*; D005260:Female; D005835:Genitalia / Q000821:virology*; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000097:blood / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000821:virology*; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006801:Humans; D019469:Indinavir / Q000627:therapeutic use; D019259:Lamivudine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000821:virology*; D008297:Male; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000032:analysis* / Q000097:blood / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D013997:Time Factors; D019562:Viral Load; D014766:Viremia; D014779:Virus Replication / Q000187:drug effects; D015215:Zidovudine / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D004279:DNA, Viral; D012367:RNA, Viral; D019259:Lamivudine; D015215:Zidovudine; D019469:Indinavir