title: Buprenorphine sublingual tablets: effects on IV heroin self-administration by humans.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Studies have shown that buprenorphine, a partial mu opioid agonist, effectively reduces heroin taking. While previous research with buprenorphine utilized a liquid formulation, a tablet formulation is proposed for clinical use. However, because recent research suggests that the liquid and tablet differ in bio-availability, it is unclear what dose of the buprenorphine tablet effectively antagonizes the reinforcing effects of heroin.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The present study was designed to compare the effects of two sublingual doses of buprenorphine maintenance on heroin self-administration.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eight heroin-dependent men participated in a 6-week, double-blind, placebo-controlled inpatient study to evaluate the reinforcing effects of intravenous heroin (0, 6.25, 12.5, 25 mg) during maintenance on 8 or 16 mg sublingual buprenorphine. Participants first sampled the available dose of heroin, and then were allowed to respond under a progressive ratio schedule for either heroin or $20. For each heroin dose, one sample session and three choice sessions occurred. Two sessions per day were conducted. A sample session was followed by the first choice session on one day, and the second and third choice sessions occurred on the following day. These sessions were conducted while participants were maintained on daily doses of 8 or 16 mg buprenorphine (3 weeks each).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Relative to placebo, 12.5 and 25 mg heroin produced significant increases in break point values under both maintenance dose conditions. The mean break point value for 12.5 mg heroin was significantly lower under 16 mg buprenorphine, compared to 8 mg.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results demonstrate that the reinforcing effects of heroin were not fully antagonized by these doses of the tablet formulation of buprenorphine, and that 16 mg buprenorphine reduced heroin self-administration relative to 8 mg.
authors: New York State Psychiatric Institute and Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, NY 10032, USA. sdc10@columbia.edu
authors: S D
authors: SD
authors: Comer
authors: E D
authors: ED
authors: Collins
authors: M W
authors: MW
authors: Fischman
mesh_terms: D000286:Administration, Sublingual; D000328:Adult; D002047:Buprenorphine / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D003932:Heroin / Q000494:pharmacology; D006556:Heroin Dependence / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000523:psychology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009292:Narcotic Antagonists / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D009294:Narcotics / Q000494:pharmacology; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000187:drug effects; D011680:Pupil / Q000187:drug effects; D012646:Self Administration; D013607:Tablets
chemical_list: D009292:Narcotic Antagonists; D009294:Narcotics; D013607:Tablets; D002047:Buprenorphine; D003932:Heroin