title: Patterns of CDKN2A gene loss in sequential oral epithelial dysplasias and carcinomas.
abstract: The CDKN2A gene locus encodes two different proteins derived from alternative splicing. p16 (exons 1alpha, 2, and 3) acts as a G1 cell cycle regulator, and p14ARF (exons 1beta, 2, and 3) acts to modulate MDM2-mediated degradation of p53. Inactivation of p16 is a common finding in many cancers; however, there is little data on CDKN2A gene abnormalities in oral precancer. In this longitudinal study, we examined changes in the CDKN2A gene locus in sequential epithelial dysplasias and oral carcinomas from 11 patients. Genomic DNA was extracted from laser-microdissected lesional tissue, and exons 1alpha, 1beta, and 2 were analyzed by duplex PCR. Immunohistochemistry was done to identify p16 and p14ARF protein expression. Two adjacent polymorphic microsatellite markers were used for allelotyping. Homozygous deletion of exon 1alpha was identified in 2 of 17 (12%) precancerous lesions. Loss of either exon 1alpha, exon 2, or both was seen in seven of nine (78%) carcinomas. In five of these carcinomas, there was loss of only exon 1alpha. No case showed deletion of exon 1beta. In 5 of 11 patients, microsatellite markers showed differing patterns of allelic imbalance in the precancerous lesions and the subsequent carcinoma, suggesting a complex genetic pattern of progression from dysplasia to carcinoma. We conclude that during oral carcinogenesis homozygous deletion of exon 1alpha of the CDKN2A gene is common but that deletion of exon 2 and 1beta is less frequent. Moreover, our results suggest that the progression from oral precancer to cancer, in some cases, is more complex genetically than predicted by linear models of carcinogenesis.
authors: Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors: S A
authors: SA
authors: Shahnavaz
authors: G
authors: G
authors: Bradley
authors: J A
authors: JA
authors: Regezi
authors: N
authors: N
authors: Thakker
authors: L
authors: L
authors: Gao
authors: D
authors: D
authors: Hogg
authors: R C
authors: RC
authors: Jordan
mesh_terms: D000199:Actins / Q000235:genetics; D002278:Carcinoma in Situ / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D019941:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16 / Q000378:metabolism; D018450:Disease Progression; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D005784:Gene Amplification; D017353:Gene Deletion; D019942:Genes, p16 / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D018895:Microsatellite Repeats / Q000235:genetics; D009061:Mouth Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D009062:Mouth Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011230:Precancerous Conditions / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D011506:Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D025803:Tumor Suppressor Protein p14ARF
chemical_list: D000199:Actins; D019941:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16; D011506:Proteins; D025803:Tumor Suppressor Protein p14ARF