title: Vitreous concentration of topically applied brimonidine tartrate 0.2%.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the vitreous concentration of brimonidine after topical administration of Alphagan.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective observational case series.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighteen patients scheduled for elective pars plana vitrectomy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Brimonidine tartrate, 0.2%, was topically administered twice or three times daily for 4 to 14 days preoperatively in 13 patients. Four patients served as controls, without application of brimonidine. A dry, undiluted vitrectomy specimen obtained intraoperatively was collected, frozen, and sent to an independent bioanalytical facility for quantitative determination of vitreous concentration of brimonidine using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry.
  
  
  METHODS
  The concentration of brimonidine in human vitreous.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All patients treated with brimonidine measured above the lower limit of quantitation with a mean vitreous concentration of 185 +/- 500 nM. All patients not treated with brimonidine measured at or below the lower limit of quantitation of 0.05 nM. There was a trend toward higher concentration in patients who were either aphakic or pseudophakic compared with those that were phakic.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Topically applied brimonidine results in vitreous levels at or above 2 nM, the concentration shown to activate alpha(2)-receptors.
authors: Storm Eye Institute, Medical University of South Carolina, 167 Ashley Avenue, Charleston, SC 29425-2232, USA.
authors: A R
authors: AR
authors: Kent
authors: J D
authors: JD
authors: Nussdorf
authors: R
authors: R
authors: David
authors: F
authors: F
authors: Tyson
authors: D
authors: D
authors: Small
authors: D
authors: D
authors: Fellows
mesh_terms: D000287:Administration, Topical; D000316:Adrenergic alpha-Agonists / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D000368:Aged; D001682:Biological Availability; D000068438:Brimonidine Tartrate; D005260:Female; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011810:Quinoxalines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D014018:Tissue Distribution; D014821:Vitrectomy; D014822:Vitreous Body / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000316:Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; D011810:Quinoxalines; D000068438:Brimonidine Tartrate