Gbeta gamma isoforms selectively rescue plasma membrane localization and palmitoylation of mutant Galphas and Galphaq.
Mutation of Galpha(q) or Galpha(s) N-terminal contact sites for Gbetagamma resulted in alpha subunits that failed to localize at the plasma membrane or undergo palmitoylation when expressed in HEK293 cells. We now show that overexpression of specific betagamma subunits can recover plasma membrane localization and palmitoylation of the betagamma-binding-deficient mutants of alpha(s) or alpha(q). Thus, the betagamma-binding-defective alpha is completely dependent on co-expression of exogenous betagamma for proper membrane localization. In this report, we examined the ability of beta(1-5) in combination with gamma(2) or gamma(3) to promote proper localization and palmitoylation of mutant alpha(s) or alpha(q). Immunofluorescence localization, cellular fractionation, and palmitate labeling revealed distinct subtype-specific differences in betagamma interactions with alpha subunits. These studies demonstrate that 1) alpha and betagamma reciprocally promote the plasma membrane targeting of the other subunit; 2) beta(5), when co-expressed with gamma(2) or gamma(3), fails to localize to the plasma membrane or promote plasma membrane localization of mutant alpha(s) or alpha(q); 3) beta(3) is deficient in promoting plasma membrane localization of mutant alpha(s) and alpha(q), whereas beta(4) is deficient in promoting plasma membrane localization of mutant alpha(q); 4) both palmitoylation and interactions with betagamma are required for plasma membrane localization of alpha.
Evanko
D S
DS
Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Kimmel Cancer Institute, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107, USA.
Thiyagarajan
M M
MM
Siderovski
D P
DP
Wedegaertner
P B
PB
D000215:Acylation; D002460:Cell Line; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000378:metabolism; D043802:GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, Gq-G11; D019205:GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, Gs / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D044387:GTP-Binding Protein beta Subunits; D044388:GTP-Binding Protein gamma Subunits; D020962:Heterotrimeric GTP-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D009154:Mutation; D010168:Palmitates / Q000378:metabolism; D020033:Protein Isoforms / Q000502:physiology; D021381:Protein Transport
C118981:G-protein Beta gamma; D044387:GTP-Binding Protein beta Subunits; D044388:GTP-Binding Protein gamma Subunits; D010168:Palmitates; D020033:Protein Isoforms; D043802:GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, Gq-G11; D019205:GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, Gs; D020962:Heterotrimeric GTP-Binding Proteins