title: Human placenta hydrolases active on free ADP-ribose: an ADP-sugar pyrophosphatase and a specific ADP-ribose pyrophosphatase.
abstract: Free ADP-ribose has a reducing ribose moiety and it is hazardous due to its nonenzymic reactivity toward protein side chains. ADP-ribose hydrolases are putative protective agents to avoid the intracellular accumulation of ADP-ribose. In mammalian sources, two types of enzymes with ADP-ribose hydrolase activity are known: (i) highly specific ADP-ribose pyrophosphatases, which in a Mg(2+)-dependent fashion hydrolyse only ADP-ribose and the nonphysiological analogue IDP-ribose, and (ii) less specific nucleoside diphosphosugar or diphosphoalcohol (NDP-X) pyrophosphatases, which besides A(I)DP-ribose hydrolyse also some nonreducing NDP-X substrates. So far, of these two enzyme types only the less specific one has been reported in human sources: an ADP-sugar pyrophosphatase purified from erythrocytes or expressed from cDNA clones. Here we report that human placenta extracts contain two ADP-ribose hydrolases, which were characterised after a near 1000-fold purification. One is an ADP-sugar pyrophosphatase: it hydrolysed ADP-ribose, ADP-glucose and ADP-mannose, but not e.g. UDP-glucose, at similar rates. It resembles the erythrocyte and recombinant enzyme(s), but showed a 5-20-fold lower K(m) for ADP-ribose (7 microM). The other enzyme is a highly specific ADP-ribose pyrophosphatase (the first of this kind to be reported in humans): it hydrolysed only ADP-ribose and IDP-ribose at similar rates, with a very low, 0.4 microM K(m) for the former. This is a major candidate to control the accumulation of free ADP-ribose in humans. It remains to be seen whether it belongs to the 'nudix' protein family, which includes several ADP-ribose hydrolases and other 'housecleaning' enzymes (M.J. Bessman, D.N. Frick, S.F. O'Handley, J. Biol. Chem. 271 (1996) 25059-25062).
authors: Unidad de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Extremadura, Apartado de Correos 108, E-06080 Badajoz, Spain.
authors: J M
authors: JM
authors: Ribeiro
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Carloto
authors: M J
authors: MJ
authors: Costas
authors: J C
authors: JC
authors: Cameselle
mesh_terms: D000246:Adenosine Diphosphate Ribose / Q000378:metabolism*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D006801:Humans; D006867:Hydrolases / Q000378:metabolism*; D010920:Placenta / Q000201:enzymology*; D011755:Pyrophosphatases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D013379:Substrate Specificity; D014020:Tissue Extracts / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D014020:Tissue Extracts; D000246:Adenosine Diphosphate Ribose; D006867:Hydrolases; C058796:ADP-ribose pyrophosphatase I; D011755:Pyrophosphatases