title: Alterations in the focal adhesion kinase/Src signal transduction pathway correlate with increased migratory capacity of prostate carcinoma cells.
abstract: Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) has been implicated in the regulation of cell migration. In addition, FAK expression is increased in a number of highly metastatic tumor cell lines. Therefore, we investigated the role of FAK in regulating migration of prostate carcinoma cell lines with increasing metastatic potential. We show that highly tumorigenic PC3 and DU145 cells exhibit intrinsic migratory capacity, while poorly tumorigenic LNCaP cells require a stimulus to migrate. Increased metastatic potential of PC3 and DU145 cells correlates with increased FAK expression, overall tyrosine phosphorylation and activity, as measured by autophosphorylation of tyrosine 397. However, in PC3 and DU145 cells, FAK autophosphorylation is adhesion dependent whereas a second site of tyrosine phosphorylation, tyrosine 861, a Src specific site, is uncoupled from adhesion-dependent signaling events. Finally, inhibiting the FAK/Src signal transduction pathway by over expressing FRNK (Focal adhesion kinase-Related Non-Kinase), an inhibitor of FAK activation, or treatment with PP2, a Src family kinase inhibitor, significantly inhibited migration of prostate carcinoma cell lines, demonstrating that tumor cell migration continues to be dependent on signals emanating from this pathway.
authors: Department of Microbiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA.
authors: J K
authors: JK
authors: Slack
authors: R B
authors: RB
authors: Adams
authors: J D
authors: JD
authors: Rovin
authors: E A
authors: EA
authors: Bissonette
authors: C E
authors: CE
authors: Stoker
authors: J T
authors: JT
authors: Parsons
mesh_terms: D000256:Adenoviridae / Q000235:genetics; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002465:Cell Movement; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D051417:Focal Adhesion Kinase 1; D051416:Focal Adhesion Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; D005822:Genetic Vectors; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins; D006801:Humans; D008164:Luminescent Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D010750:Phosphoproteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000187:drug effects; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism*; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured / Q000187:drug effects; D019061:src-Family Kinases / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D008164:Luminescent Proteins; D010750:Phosphoproteins; D010940:Plant Proteins; C083694:phloem protein-2, Physcomitrella patens; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins; C113183:FAK-related nonkinase; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; D051417:Focal Adhesion Kinase 1; D051416:Focal Adhesion Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; C496050:PTK2 protein, human; D019061:src-Family Kinases