title: Coping strategies, pain, and disability in patients with hemophilia and related disorders.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To analyze the use of various coping strategies in homogeneous groups of patients with hemophilia and von Willebrand's disease and to investigate the relationship between the state of the disease, the use of coping strategies, and management of the disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  The coping strategies measured by the Coping Strategies Questionnaire were analyzed in 3 homogeneous groups of 224 patients. Psychosocial well-being (PWB) measured by the Rand 36-item Health Survey 1.0 was used as an indicator of management of the disease. The pain factor consisted of the following variables: pain intensity, use of analgesics, Functional Disability Index, and physical activity level.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The groups of patients differed significantly only in the use of the catastrophizing strategy (CAT). In all pain groups, distraction was the most commonly used coping strategy. A significant interaction effect of pain factor and age on PWB (P = 0.04) was found. The mediating function of the CAT strategy was confirmed by the series of regression analyses.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The coping strategy profile in hemophilia was found to be similar to those in other chronic pain states. The use of the strategies does not depend on the severity of the disease. We confirmed the role of age and the use of the CAT strategy as, respectively, moderator and mediator in the pattern of relationships between the clinical state of the disease and psychosocial well-being.
authors: Department of Education, Helsinki University, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Finland.
authors: N
authors: N
authors: Santavirta
authors: H
authors: H
authors: Björvell
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Solovieva
authors: H
authors: H
authors: Alaranta
authors: K
authors: K
authors: Hurskainen
authors: Y T
authors: YT
authors: Konttinen
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological / Q000502:physiology*; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D005260:Female; D006467:Hemophilia A / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010146:Pain / Q000503:physiopathology*; D011584:Psychology / Q000592:standards; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014842:von Willebrand Diseases / Q000523:psychology