title: Evaluation of islet heme oxygenase-CO and nitric oxide synthase-NO pathways during acute endotoxemia.
abstract: We investigated, by a combined in vivo and in vitro approach, the temporal changes of islet nitric oxide synthase (NOS)-derived nitric oxide (NO) and heme oxygenase (HO)-derived carbon monoxide (CO) production in relation to insulin and glucagon secretion during acute endotoxemia induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in mice. Basal plasma glucagon, islet cAMP and cGMP content after in vitro incubation, the insulin response to glucose in vivo and in vitro, and the insulin and glucagon responses to the adenylate cyclase activator forskolin were greatly increased after LPS. Immunoblots demonstrated expression of inducible NOS (iNOS), inducible HO (HO-1), and an increased expression of constitutive HO (HO-2) in islet tissue. Immunocytochemistry revealed a marked expression of iNOS in many beta-cells, but only in single alpha-cells after LPS. Moreover, biochemical analysis showed a time dependent and markedly increased production of NO and CO in these islets. Addition of a NOS inhibitor to such islets evoked a marked potentiation of glucose-stimulated insulin release. Finally, after incubation in vitro, a marked suppression of NO production by both exogenous CO and glucagon was observed in control islets. This effect occurred independently of a concomitant inhibition of guanylyl cyclase. We suggest that the impairing effect of increased production of islet NO on insulin secretion during acute endotoxemia is antagonized by increased activities of the islet cAMP and HO-CO systems, constituting important compensatory mechanisms against the noxious and diabetogenic actions of NO in endocrine pancreas.
authors: Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Physiological Sciences, University of Lund, S-223 62 Lund, Sweden. Ragnar.Henningsson@farm.lu.se
authors: R
authors: R
authors: Henningsson
authors: P
authors: P
authors: Alm
authors: I
authors: I
authors: Lundquist
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D002248:Carbon Monoxide / Q000378:metabolism; D005576:Colforsin / Q000494:pharmacology; D000242:Cyclic AMP / Q000378:metabolism; D006152:Cyclic GMP / Q000378:metabolism; D019446:Endotoxemia / Q000201:enzymology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D005934:Glucagon / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology; D005947:Glucose / Q000494:pharmacology; D006419:Heme Oxygenase (Decyclizing) / Q000378:metabolism*; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D000078790:Insulin Secretion; D007515:Islets of Langerhans / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000633:toxicity; D051379:Mice; D008815:Mice, Inbred Strains; D019331:NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester / Q000494:pharmacology; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism*; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000378:metabolism*; D012486:Salmonella typhimurium; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D007328:Insulin; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D005576:Colforsin; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D002248:Carbon Monoxide; D005934:Glucagon; D000242:Cyclic AMP; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D006419:Heme Oxygenase (Decyclizing); D006152:Cyclic GMP; D005947:Glucose; D019331:NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester