title: Engineering of macrophages to produce IFN-gamma in response to hypoxia.
abstract: Activation of murine macrophages (Mphi) requires the collaboration of signals derived from the immune system and the environment. In this study, we engineered a murine Mphi cell line to become activated in response to an environmental signal, hypoxia, as the sole stimulus. Hypoxia is a condition of low oxygen tension, occurring in several pathological tissues, which acts in synergy with IFN-gamma to induce full Mphi activation. We transfected the ANA-1 murine Mphi cell line with a construct containing the IFN-gamma gene controlled by a synthetic promoter inducible by hypoxia (HRE3x-Tk), and we characterized the cellular and molecular biology of the engineered Mphi under normoxia or hypoxia. Engineered Mphi in normoxia expressed basal levels of IFN-gamma mRNA and protein that were strongly augmented by shifting the cells to hypoxia. Furthermore, they responded to the synthesized IFN-gamma with induction of IFN-responsive factor-1 and 2'-5'-oligoadenylate synthase expression. Under normoxic conditions, the engineered Mphi had a significant constitutive level of Ia Ags and Fc receptors. Hypoxia induced further augmentation of Ia and Fc expression. Finally, hypoxia induced inducible NO synthase expression, and subsequent reoxygenation led to the production of NO. In conclusion, the engineered Mphi, which produce IFN-gamma in an inducible manner, express new biochemical and functional properties in response to low oxygen environment as the sole stimulus, thereby circumventing the need for costimulation by other immune system-derived signals.
authors: Laboratory of Molecular Biology, G. Gaslini Institute, Genoa, Italy.
authors: L
authors: L
authors: Carta
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Pastorino
authors: G
authors: G
authors: Melillo
authors: M C
authors: MC
authors: Bosco
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Massazza
authors: L
authors: L
authors: Varesio
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D015687:Cell Hypoxia / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D002460:Cell Line; D054407:Chemokine CCL4; D002999:Clone Cells; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000276:immunology; D005822:Genetic Vectors / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000276:immunology; D000949:Histocompatibility Antigens Class II / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D008262:Macrophage Activation / Q000235:genetics; D019402:Macrophage Inflammatory Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D008264:Macrophages / Q000201:enzymology / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000235:genetics; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis; D017452:Receptors, IgG / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D020218:Response Elements / Q000276:immunology; D014162:Transfection
chemical_list: D054407:Chemokine CCL4; D000949:Histocompatibility Antigens Class II; D019402:Macrophage Inflammatory Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D017452:Receptors, IgG; D007371:Interferon-gamma; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; C496317:Nos2 protein, mouse