title: Determinants of postembolization syndrome after hepatic chemoembolization.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Postembolization syndrome (PES) occurs in the majority of patients undergoing hepatic chemoembolization, and is the major reason for hospitalization after the procedure. The ability to identify which groups of patients are at increased or decreased risk of PES would be useful to better counsel patients, to minimize toxicity, and to plan inpatient versus outpatient therapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventy hepatic chemoembolization procedures were performed in 29 patients using cytotoxic drugs mixed with Ethiodol and polyvinyl alcohol. The following procedural variables were retrospectively assessed and evaluated for association with PES and length of postprocedural hospitalization: gallbladder embolization, lobe embolized, percentage liver volume embolized, percentage embolized volume occupied by tumor, previous embolization of the same territory, and dose of chemoembolic emulsion. Logistic regression was used to quantify the relative effect of each procedural variable.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Gallbladder embolization and dose administered were associated with an increased risk of PES and an extended hospitalization, with odds ratios of 2.8 and 3.0, and 3.0 and 4.6, respectively. Previous embolization was associated with a decreased risk of both PES and extended hospitalization, with odds ratios of 0.5 and 0.4, respectively. There was a statistical trend toward significance for gallbladder embolization (P = .06), dose administered (P = .07), and previous embolization (P = .14).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Clinically relevant predictors of the severity of PES and length of postprocedural hospitalization may exist. Avoiding embolization of the gallbladder reduces the risk of PES. Re-embolization of previously treated vessels is associated with decreased toxicity and may assist in selecting patients for treatment on an outpatient basis, especially when a reduced dose is required.
authors: Division of Interventional Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA.
authors: D A
authors: DA
authors: Leung
authors: J E
authors: JE
authors: Goin
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Sickles
authors: B J
authors: BJ
authors: Raskay
authors: M C
authors: MC
authors: Soulen
mesh_terms: D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000628:therapy*; D016461:Chemoembolization, Therapeutic / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004998:Ethiodized Oil / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005260:Female; D005704:Gallbladder; D006760:Hospitalization / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D007902:Length of Stay / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000628:therapy*; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011142:Polyvinyl Alcohol / Q000008:administration & dosage; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D013577:Syndrome
chemical_list: D004998:Ethiodized Oil; D011142:Polyvinyl Alcohol