title: Empiric use of cefepime in the treatment of lower respiratory tract infections in children.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  These studies were designed to assess the efficacy and safety of cefepime, a fourth generation cephalosporin, for the treatment of serious infections, including lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI) in children.
  
  
  METHODS
  Four clinical trials of cefepime for the treatment of serious bacterial infections enrolled 259 children with LRTI. In 3 trials cefepime was compared with ceftazidime (n = 166), cefotaxime (n = 16) or cefuroxime (n = 12). One trial was noncomparative (n = 65).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Treatment with cefepime 50 mg/kg/ dose administered every 8 to 12 h produced a satisfactory clinical response (clinical signs of infection resolved or improved with no evidence of recurrent infection at posttreatment follow-up) in 88 to 100% of patients, comparable with comparator therapy. In children from whom a causative pathogen was identified, bacteriologic eradication was comparable between cefepime and comparator therapy. Cefepime was as safe and well-tolerated as comparator therapy. Few treatment-related clinical or laboratory adverse events were noted and were equivalent to comparator in all studies.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cefepime is as effective, safe and well-tolerated for the empiric treatment of children with LRTI as comparator agents but offers the advantage of an enhanced spectrum of activity for Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogens compared with second or third generation cephalosporins.
authors: Division of Infectious Diseases, Children's Hospital of San Diego, CA 92123, USA. jbradley@chsd.org
authors: J S
authors: JS
authors: Bradley
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Arrieta
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000077723:Cefepime; D002439:Cefotaxime / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002442:Ceftazidime / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002444:Cefuroxime / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002511:Cephalosporins / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D012008:Recurrence; D012141:Respiratory Tract Infections / Q000188:drug therapy*; D012449:Safety; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D002511:Cephalosporins; D000077723:Cefepime; D002442:Ceftazidime; D002439:Cefotaxime; D002444:Cefuroxime