title: Effects of the beta-amyloid and carboxyl-terminal fragment of Alzheimer's amyloid precursor protein on the production of the tumor necrosis factor-alpha and matrix metalloproteinase-9 by human monocytic THP-1.
abstract: To explore the direct role of beta-amyloid (Abeta) and carboxyl-terminal fragments of amyloid precursor protein in the inflammatory processes possibly linked to neurodegeneration associated with Alzheimer's disease, the effects of the 105-amino acid carboxyl-terminal fragment (CT(105)) of amyloid precursor protein on the production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) were examined in a human monocytic THP-1 cell line and compared with that of Abeta. CT(105) elicited a marked increase in TNF-alpha and MMP-9 production in the presence of interferon-gamma in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Similar patterns were obtained with Abeta despite its low magnitude of induction. Autocrine TNF-alpha is likely to be a main mediator of the induction of MMP-9 because the neutralizing antibody to TNF-alpha inhibits MMP-9 production. Genistein, a specific inhibitor of tyrosine kinase, dramatically diminished both TNF-alpha secretion and subsequent MMP-9 release in response to CT(105) or Abeta. Furthermore, PD98059 and SB202190, specific inhibitors of ERK or p38 MAPK respectively, efficiently suppressed CT(105)-induced effects whereas only PD98059 was effective at reducing Abeta-induced effects. Our results suggest that CT(105) in combination with interferon-gamma might serve as a more potent activator than Abeta in triggering inflammatory processes and that both tyrosine kinase and MAPK signaling pathways may represent potential therapeutic targets for the control of Alzheimer's disease progression.
authors: Departments of Microbiology and Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, Division of Molecular Biology and Neuroscience, Medical Research Center, Ewha Womans University, 911-1, Mok-6-dong, Yangcheonku, Seoul, 158-056, Korea. younghae@mm.ewha.ac.kr
authors: Y H
authors: YH
authors: Chong
authors: J H
authors: JH
authors: Sung
authors: S A
authors: SA
authors: Shin
authors: J H
authors: JH
authors: Chung
authors: Y H
authors: YH
authors: Suh
mesh_terms: D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000201:enzymology / Q000276:immunology*; D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016564:Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000906:Antibodies / Q000276:immunology; D002460:Cell Line; D004357:Drug Synergism; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000494:pharmacology; D019833:Genistein / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000494:pharmacology; D007700:Kinetics; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D009000:Monocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011725:Pyridines / Q000494:pharmacology; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides; D016564:Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor; D000906:Antibodies; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D005419:Flavonoids; D007093:Imidazoles; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D011725:Pyridines; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; C078592:amyloid beta-protein (1-40); C409682:amyloid beta-protein precursor CT105; D007371:Interferon-gamma; D019833:Genistein; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9; C090942:4-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-(4-pyridyl)imidazole; C093973:2-(2-amino-3-methoxyphenyl)-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one