title: In vitro propagation of Withania somnifera and isolation of withanolides with immunosuppressive activity.
abstract: Withania somnifera plantlets were produced in vitro from the shoot-tip of aseptically germinated seedlings. Culture conditions were optimized using different plant growth regulators which gave rise to 120 shoots from a single bud. The plantlets were then transferred to pots and maintained in greenhouse for 4 months. 90% of these in vitro propagated plantlets survived and showed normal growth. Leaves from these plants were used for isolation of the withanolides. Methanolic extract of leaves from plantlets growing in tissue culture and those transferred to the greenhouse were evaluated for immunomodulatory activity. While the extract from greenhouse samples showed potent immunosuppressive activity, those from tissue cultures samples did not show any activity. Fractionation and characterization of withanolides, using HPLC, NMR, MS methods revealed the presence of withaferin A in the greenhouse samples. Our results indicate that Withania species may require longer time and better differentiation and also natural environment for the production of withaferin A.
authors: Department of Biology and Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Furmanowa
authors: D
authors: D
authors: Gajdzis-Kuls
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Ruszkowska
authors: Z
authors: Z
authors: Czarnocki
authors: G
authors: G
authors: Obidoska
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Sadowska
authors: R
authors: R
authors: Rani
authors: S N
authors: SN
authors: Upadhyay
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D046508:Culture Techniques; D004875:Ergosterol / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000494:pharmacology; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000494:pharmacology; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008808:Mice, Inbred CBA; D015394:Molecular Structure; D010946:Plants, Medicinal / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000254:growth & development; D019657:Solanaceae / Q000737:chemistry / Q000254:growth & development; D013154:Spleen / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D054358:Withanolides
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D054358:Withanolides; C009684:withaferin A; D004875:Ergosterol