Percolation, Bose-Einstein condensation, and string proliferation.
The close analogy between cluster percolation and string proliferation in the context of critical phenomena is studied. Like clusters in percolation theory, closed strings, which can be either finite-temperature worldlines or topological line defects, are described by a distribution parametrized by only two exponents. On approaching the critical point, the string tension vanishes and the loops proliferate, thereby signalling the onset of Bose-Einstein condensation (in the case of worldlines) or the disordering of the ordered state (in the case of vortices). The ideal Bose gas with modified energy spectrum is used as a stepping stone to derive general expressions for the critical exponents in terms of the two exponents parametrizing the loop distribution near criticality.
Schakel
A M
AM
Low Temperature Laboratory, Helsinki University of Technology, P.O. Box 2200, FIN-02015 HUT, Finland.