title: Effects of 15 months of 17 beta-estradiol and dydrogesterone on systolic cardiac function according to quantitative and Doppler echocardiography in healthy postmenopausal women.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Our goal was to investigate the short-term and intermediate effects of low-dose hormone replacement therapy on echocardiographic parameters of cardiac function in healthy postmenopausal women.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a prospective, controlled study 30 healthy postmenopausal women (mean age, 52 +/- 3 years) were randomly assigned to 2 groups. Women in the hormone replacement therapy group (n = 15) received 1 mg micronized 17 beta-estradiol daily sequentially combined with 5 or 10 mg dydrogesterone for 14 days of each 28-day cycle during 12 months and thereafter 2 mg 17 beta-estradiol combined with 10 mg dydrogesterone for a period of 3 months. The control group (n = 15) received no treatment. M-mode, quantitative 2-dimensional, and Doppler echocardiographic measurements were performed at baseline and within the 17 beta-estradiol phase at 3, 12, and 15 months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After 12 months significant differences in change between the 2 groups were found for left ventricular end-diastolic and left ventricular end-systolic diameters, left ventricular mass index, and stroke volume index. These differences were caused by changes in the control group rather than in the hormone replacement therapy group, in which no significant within-group changes were found. All other parameters measured showed no effect.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Within 15 months of 17 beta-estradiol and dydrogesterone treatment no clinically relevant differences were found in the M-mode, quantitative 2-dimensional, and Doppler echocardiographic parameters measured in this study. It is suggested that 15 months of treatment probably is too short a period for detection of direct effects on the heart itself.
authors: Project "Ageing Women" and the Institute for Cardiovascular Research-Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors: H
authors: H
authors: Kessel
authors: O
authors: O
authors: Kamp
authors: P
authors: P
authors: Kenemans
authors: V
authors: V
authors: Mijatovic
authors: W M
authors: WM
authors: van Baal
authors: C A
authors: CA
authors: Visser
authors: M J
authors: MJ
authors: van der Mooren
mesh_terms: D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D004394:Dydrogesterone / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015150:Echocardiography, Doppler / Q000187:drug effects; D004958:Estradiol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015914:Estrogen Replacement Therapy; D005260:Female; D006321:Heart / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D045167:Progesterone Congeners / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D013318:Stroke Volume / Q000187:drug effects; D013599:Systole / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D045167:Progesterone Congeners; D004958:Estradiol; D004394:Dydrogesterone