title: Dietary inadequacies observed in homeless men visiting an emergency night shelter in Paris.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the dietary intake and the nutritional status of homeless men.
  
  
  METHODS
  A night emergency shelter in Paris, France.
  
  
  METHODS
  Dietary survey (48-h) including alcohol intake and a questionnaire on age, duration of homelessness, smoking habits. Subjects were also weighed and measured.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ninety-seven men aged 18-72 years (mean 43.3), of whom 54% were homeless for more than 18 months, 82% were smokers and 53% were regular and/or excessive drinkers.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The BMI distribution was shifted towards low values, the percentage of wasted persons being four times higher than in the reference population. The mean total energy intake was 2376 kcal and included a high and highly variable percentage of energy derived from alcohol (12.0% Among drinkers, the mean ethanol intake was 90 g and there was a significant negative correlation between ethanol and non-alcoholic energy intakes. The median intakes of potassium, calcium, zinc, vitamins B1, B2, and niacin were lower than European Population Reference Intakes but only the mean intake of vitamin B1 was significantly lower. Eighty percent of non-alcoholic energy was provided by charitable organisations. For most nutrients, the nutritional density of the shelter ration was not significantly different from the density of the foods purchased by the homeless.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data suggest that the content of some nutrients should be increased in existing food assistance programs for homeless people in France.
authors: Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale/Institut Scientifique et Technique de la Nutrition et de l'Alimentation, 5 rue du Vertbois, 75003 Paris, France. darmon@cnam.fr
authors: N
authors: N
authors: Darmon
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Coupel
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Deheeger
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Briend
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000428:Alcohol Drinking; D015992:Body Mass Index; D004034:Diet Surveys; D002149:Energy Intake; D006703:Ill-Housed Persons; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009748:Nutrition Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology*; D009752:Nutritional Status; D009753:Nutritive Value; D010297:Paris / Q000453:epidemiology; D012907:Smoking; D014815:Vitamins / Q000008:administration & dosage
chemical_list: D014815:Vitamins