title: A phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt/mTOR pathway mediates and PTEN antagonizes tumor necrosis factor inhibition of insulin signaling through insulin receptor substrate-1.
abstract: Tyrosine phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) by the insulin receptor permits this docking protein to interact with signaling proteins that promote insulin action. Serine phosphorylation uncouples IRS-1 from the insulin receptor, thereby inhibiting its tyrosine phosphorylation and insulin signaling. For this reason, there is great interest in identifying serine/threonine kinases for which IRS-1 is a substrate. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) inhibited insulin-promoted tyrosine phosphorylation of IRS-1 and activated the Akt/protein kinase B serine-threonine kinase, a downstream target for phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI 3-kinase). The effect of TNF on insulin-promoted tyrosine phosphorylation of IRS-1 was blocked by inhibition of PI 3-kinase and the PTEN tumor suppressor, which dephosphorylates the lipids that mediate PI 3-kinase functions, whereas constitutively active Akt impaired insulin-promoted IRS-1 tyrosine phosphorylation. Conversely, TNF inhibition of IRS-1 tyrosine phosphorylation was blocked by kinase dead Akt. Inhibition of IRS-1 tyrosine phosphorylation by TNF was blocked by rapamycin, an inhibitor of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), a downstream target of Akt. mTOR induced the serine phosphorylation of IRS-1 (Ser-636/639), and such phosphorylation was inhibited by rapamycin. These results suggest that TNF impairs insulin signaling through IRS-1 by activation of a PI 3-kinase/Akt/mTOR pathway, which is antagonized by PTEN.
authors: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine and the Walther Oncology Center, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
authors: O N
authors: ON
authors: Ozes
authors: H
authors: H
authors: Akca
authors: L D
authors: LD
authors: Mayo
authors: J A
authors: JA
authors: Gustin
authors: T
authors: T
authors: Maehama
authors: J E
authors: JE
authors: Dixon
authors: D B
authors: DB
authors: Donner
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D002460:Cell Line; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000378:metabolism*; D055504:Insulin Receptor Substrate Proteins; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D051059:PTEN Phosphohydrolase; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D010750:Phosphoproteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D010744:Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases / Q000378:metabolism*; D010766:Phosphorylation; D017853:Phosphotransferases (Alcohol Group Acceptor) / Q000378:metabolism*; D011494:Protein Kinases; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D015398:Signal Transduction; D021241:Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization; D058570:TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins; D014443:Tyrosine / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D007328:Insulin; D055504:Insulin Receptor Substrate Proteins; D051059:PTEN Phosphohydrolase; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; D010750:Phosphoproteins; D010744:Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases; D017853:Phosphotransferases (Alcohol Group Acceptor); D011494:Protein Kinases; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D058570:TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins; D014443:Tyrosine; C526292:IRS1 protein, human; C546842:MTOR protein, human; C494918:AKT1 protein, human; C494929:PTEN protein, human