title: Calcium hydroxide in endodontic retreatment after two nonsurgical and two surgical failures: report of a case.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe the role of calcium hydroxide in infection control during complex endodontic retreatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A case is presented in which two conventional endodontic treatments and two surgical interventions failed to bring periapical healing. Despite this history, a further conventional treatment augmented by long-term disinfection with calcium hydroxide finally delivered a successful outcome.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Periapical healing follows proper intracanal infection control. Despite repeated surgical and nonsurgical intervention, careful retreatment can often bring healing. Calcium hydroxide has long-acting antimicrobial and soft-tissue dissolving activity. It is a helpful adjunct in endodontic retreatment.
authors: L R
authors: LR
authors: Fava
mesh_terms: D002126:Calcium Hydroxide / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003751:Dental Fistula / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy; D003809:Dentin, Secondary / Q000139:chemically induced; D004202:Disinfectants / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010482:Periapical Abscess / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy; D010483:Periapical Diseases / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy; D019233:Retreatment; D012388:Root Canal Irrigants / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012390:Root Canal Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D012973:Sodium Hypochlorite / Q000627:therapeutic use; D019227:Tooth Apex / Q000187:drug effects; D017211:Treatment Failure; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D004202:Disinfectants; D012388:Root Canal Irrigants; D012973:Sodium Hypochlorite; D002126:Calcium Hydroxide