title: Case series: neuropsychiatric symptoms with pediatric systemic lupus erythematosus.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe the psychiatric presentation, serologic findings, and neuroimaging patterns in children and adolescents with central nervous system involvement with systemic lupus erythematosus (CNS-SLE).
  
  
  METHODS
  Pediatric patients with psychiatric symptoms who fulfilled the 1997 revised diagnostic American College of Rheumatology criteria for SLE were studied. Complement levels, and anti-double-stranded DNA, anti-Smith, anti-phospholipid, and anti-neuronal antibodies were evaluated. Computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) neuroimaging studies were reviewed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The 10 patients with CNS-SLE presented with psychosis, mood disturbance, or confusion, and 8 patients had concomitant neurologic symptoms. The 8 girls and 2 boys ranged in age from 7.5 to 17 years. Serum anti-neuronal antibodies were positive with onset of symptoms and declined with improvement. Initial SPECT was abnormal in all 10 patients and remained abnormal.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  SPECT and anti-neuronal antibodies help confirm CNS involvement in patients with SLE and neuropsychiatric symptoms.
authors: Childrens Hospital Los Angeles, 4650 Sunset Blvd. #82, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA.
authors: S B
authors: SB
authors: Turkel
authors: J H
authors: JH
authors: Miller
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Reiff
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000293:Adolescent; D000906:Antibodies / Q000032:analysis; D001921:Brain / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D002648:Child; D003221:Confusion / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006801:Humans; D020945:Lupus Vasculitis, Central Nervous System / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000523:psychology*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D019964:Mood Disorders / Q000209:etiology* / Q000523:psychology; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D011618:Psychotic Disorders / Q000209:etiology* / Q000523:psychology; D011877:Radionuclide Imaging; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013057:Spectrum Analysis; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed
chemical_list: D000906:Antibodies