title: Augmentation of macrophage functions by an aqueous extract isolated from Platycodon grandiflorum.
abstract: Platycodon grandiflorum has been claimed to have a wide range of health benefits, which include immunostimulation and antitumor activity. The associated biological mechanisms are unclear; however, of the wide diversity of effects, it is believed that their activities may be exerted through several potent effector cells such as macrophages. Therefore, the effects of an aqueous extract from the root of P. grandiflorum (Changkil: CK) on mouse peritoneal macrophage function were investigated. It was found that CK stimulated macrophage proliferation, spreading ability, phagocytosis, cytostatic activity, and nitric oxide production in a dose-dependent manner, and that the production of cytokines such as TNF-alpha, IL-1beta and IL-6 were similarly increased. CK significantly affected secretion at concentrations greater than 10 microg/ml; its maximal effects were at the concentration of 100 microg/ml. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction showed that CK increased the appropriate cytokine mRNAs. These results suggest that CK is a potent enhancer of macrophage function.
authors: Department of Pharmacy and Research Center for Proteineous Materials, Chosun University, 375 Seosuk-dong, 501-759, Kwangju, South Korea.
authors: C Y
authors: CY
authors: Choi
authors: J Y
authors: JY
authors: Kim
authors: Y S
authors: YS
authors: Kim
authors: Y C
authors: YC
authors: Chung
authors: K S
authors: KS
authors: Hahm
authors: H G
authors: HG
authors: Jeong
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002448:Cell Adhesion / Q000187:drug effects; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D004340:Drug Contamination; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000032:analysis; D008262:Macrophage Activation / Q000187:drug effects*; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000096:biosynthesis; D010587:Phagocytosis / Q000187:drug effects; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis; D012510:Sarcoma 180 / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D009569:Nitric Oxide