title: Synthesis, pH-dependent structural characterization, and solution behavior of aqueous aluminum and gallium citrate complexes.
abstract: Reactions of Al(III) and Ga(III) with citric acid in aqueous solutions, yielded the complexes (NH(4))(5)[M(C(6)H(4)O(7))(2)].2H(2)O (M(III) = Al (1), Ga (2)) at alkaline pH, and the complexes (Cat)(4)[M(C(6)H(5)O(7))(C(6)H(4)O(7))].nH(2)O (M(III) = Al (3), Ga (4), Cat. = NH(4)(+), n = 3; M(III) = Al (5), Ga (6), Cat. = K(+), n = 4) at acidic pH. All compounds were characterized by spectroscopic (FT-IR, (1)H, (13)C, and (27)Al NMR, (13)C-MAS NMR) and X-ray techniques. Complex 1 crystallizes in space group P1, with a = 9.638(5) A, b = 9.715(5) A, c = 7.237(4) A, alpha = 90.96(1) degrees, beta = 105.72(1) degrees, gamma = 119.74(1) degrees, V = 557.1(3) A(3), and Z = 1. Complex 2 crystallizes in space group P1, with a = 9.659(6) A, b = 9.762(7) A, c = 7.258(5) A, alpha = 90.95(2) degrees, beta = 105.86(2) degrees, gamma = 119.28(1) degrees, V = 564.9(7) A(3), and Z = 1. Complex 3 crystallizes in space group I2/a, with a = 19.347(3) A, b = 9.857(1) A, c = 23.412(4) A, beta = 100.549(5) degrees, V = 4389(1) A(3), and Z = 8. Complex 4 crystallizes in space group I2/a, with a = 19.275(1) A, b = 9.9697(6) A, c = 23.476(1) A, beta = 100.694(2) degrees, V = 4432.8(5) A(3), and Z = 8. Complex 5 crystallizes in space group P1, with a = 7.316(1) A, b = 9.454(2) A, c = 9.569(2) A, alpha = 64.218(4) degrees, beta = 69.872(3) degrees, gamma = 69.985(4) degrees, V = 544.9(2) A(3), and Z = 1. Complex 6 crystallizes in space group P1, with a = 7.3242(2) A, b = 9.4363(5) A, c = 9.6435(5) A, alpha = 63.751(2) degrees, beta = 70.091(2) degrees, gamma = 69.941(2) degrees, V = 547.22(4) A(3), and Z = 1. The crystal structures of 1-6 reveal mononuclear octahedral complexes of Al(III) (or Ga(III)) bound to two citrates. Solution NMR, on both 4- and 5- species, reveals rapid intramolecular exchange of the bound and unbound terminal carboxylates. Upon dissolution in water, the complexes, through a complicated reaction cascade, transform to oligonuclear 1:1 species that, in agreement with previous studies, represent the thermodynamically stable state in solution. The data provide, for the first time, structural details of low MW, mononuclear complexes of Al(III) (or Ga(III)) with citrate that are dictated, among other factors, by pH. The properties of 1-6 may provide clues relevant to their biological association with humans.
authors: Department of Chemistry, University of Crete, Heraklion 71409, Greece.
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Matzapetakis
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Kourgiantakis
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Dakanali
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Salifoglou
authors: C P
authors: CP
authors: Raptopoulou
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Terzis
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Lakatos
authors: T
authors: T
authors: Kiss
authors: I
authors: I
authors: Banyai
authors: L
authors: L
authors: Iordanidis
authors: T
authors: T
authors: Mavromoustakos
mesh_terms: D000535:Aluminum / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D017607:Aluminum Compounds / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry*; D002951:Citrates / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry*; D018360:Crystallography, X-Ray; D005708:Gallium / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007700:Kinetics; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D015394:Molecular Structure; D008970:Molecular Weight; D012996:Solutions; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D017607:Aluminum Compounds; D002951:Citrates; D012996:Solutions; D014867:Water; D005708:Gallium; D000535:Aluminum; C103850:gallium citrate