title: Kappa-opioid receptor agonist suppression of HIV-1 expression in CD4+ lymphocytes.
abstract: Synthetic kappa-opioid receptor (KOR) agonists have been shown to suppress HIV-1 expression in acutely infected macrophages. In the present study, we examined the effects of the KOR ligand trans-3,4-dichloro-N-methyl-N[2-(1-pyrolidinyl)cyclohexyl]benzeneaceamide methanesulfonate (U50,488) on HIV-1 expression in CD4+ lymphocytes, the main target cell of this virus. When U50,488 was added to activated CD4+ lymphocytes, HIV-1 expression was inhibited in a concentration- and time-dependent manner with maximal suppression (approximately 60%) at 10(-7) M U50,488. The KOR selective antagonist nor-binaltorphimine (nor-BNI) had no effect by itself on viral expression but blocked the antiviral property of U50,488, suggesting that U50,488 was acting via a KOR-related mechanism. Support for the involvement of KOR was provided by the findings that 34% of activated CD4+ lymphocytes were positive for KOR, using an immunofluorescence technique, and that seven additional synthetic KOR ligands also inhibited HIV-1 expression. The results of this study broaden understanding of the antiviral properties of KOR ligands to include cells outside of the nervous system and suggest a potential role for these agents in the treatment of HIV-1 infection.
authors: Institute for Brain and Immune Disorders, Minneapolis Medical Research Foundation, 914 South 8th Street, Minneapolis, MN 55404, USA. peter137@tc.umn.edu
authors: P K
authors: PK
authors: Peterson
authors: G
authors: G
authors: Gekker
authors: J R
authors: JR
authors: Lokensgard
authors: J M
authors: JM
authors: Bidlack
authors: A C
authors: AC
authors: Chang
authors: X
authors: X
authors: Fang
authors: P S
authors: PS
authors: Portoghese
mesh_terms: D019900:3,4-Dichloro-N-methyl-N-(2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-cyclohexyl)-benzeneacetamide, (trans)-Isomer / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018712:Analgesics, Non-Narcotic / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000821:virology; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D017473:Receptors, Opioid, kappa / Q000819:agonists*
chemical_list: D018712:Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; D017473:Receptors, Opioid, kappa; D019900:3,4-Dichloro-N-methyl-N-(2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-cyclohexyl)-benzeneacetamide, (trans)-Isomer