title: Effects of hormone replacement therapy on cognitive performance in elderly women.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the effects of 9 months of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) on cognitive performance in women aged 75 years and older.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 9-month randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled parallel trial. Fifty-two elderly postmenopausal women (age range 75-91 years) without known contraindications to HRT or evidence of dementia or depression were enrolled. Participants were randomly assigned in a 1:2 ratio to placebo or conjugated estrogens at 0.625 mg/d plus trimonthly medroxyprogesterone acetate at 5 mg/d for 13 days (HRT). Main outcome measures were change from baseline and rate of change from baseline for the following psychometric tests: Verbal Fluency Test, Weschler Paired Associate Learning and 20 min Delayed Recall, Trailmaking A and B Tests, Cancellation Random Letter and Random Form Tests.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At baseline, women in the HRT group reported a younger age of onset of menopause and a higher prevalence of hysterectomy, but otherwise did not differ from women in the placebo group. After 9 months of treatment, there were no significant group differences for any of the cognitive performance measures. The lack of an observed group-by-time difference for all cognitive tests remained after controlling for age of onset of menopause, education, and previous hysterectomy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although conclusions are limited by small sample size and the relatively short duration of treatment, results suggest that 9 months of estrogen replacement in combination with trimonthly progestin does not improve cognitive performance in women over 75 years who do not have dementia or depression.
authors: Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Division of Geriatrics and Gerontology, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA. ebinder@imgate.wustl.edu
authors: E F
authors: EF
authors: Binder
authors: K B
authors: KB
authors: Schechtman
authors: S J
authors: SJ
authors: Birge
authors: D B
authors: DB
authors: Williams
authors: W M
authors: WM
authors: Kohrt
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003071:Cognition / Q000187:drug effects*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004966:Estrogens, Conjugated (USP) / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D020249:Hormone Replacement Therapy; D006801:Humans; D008525:Medroxyprogesterone / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011594:Psychometrics; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D004966:Estrogens, Conjugated (USP); D008525:Medroxyprogesterone