Dietary trans alpha-linolenic acid from deodorised rapeseed oil and plasma lipids and lipoproteins in healthy men: the TransLinE Study.
TRANS: isomers of alpha-linolenic acid, which are formed by deodorization of refined vegetable oils, can be found in significant amounts in edible oils. Effects of trans alpha-linolenic acid on plasma lipoproteins are unknown. We therefore investigated the effects of trans alpha-linolenic acid on plasma lipids and lipoproteins in healthy European men. Eighty-eight healthy men from three European countries (France, Scotland, UK and the Netherlands) first consumed for 6 weeks a diet with experimental oils 'free' of trans fatty acids (run-in period). For the next 6 weeks, they were randomly allocated to a diet with experimental oils 'high' or 'low' in trans alpha-linolenic acid. Daily total trans alpha-linolenic acid intake in the high trans group was 1410 (range 583-2642) mg. Experimental oils were provided as such, or incorporated into margarines, cheeses, muffins and biscuits. The high trans alpha-linolenic acid diet significantly increased the plasma LDL-:HDL-cholesterol ratio by 8.1 % (95 % CI 1.4, 15.3; and the total cholesterol:HDL-cholesterol ratio by 5.1 % (95 % CI 0.4, 9.9; compared with the low-trans diet. This was largely explained by an increase in LDL-cholesterol on the high-trans diet, while no change was observed in the low-trans group (mean treatment effect of 4.7 % (95 % CI -0.8, 10.5; No effects were found on total cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol, triacylglycerols, apolipoprotein B and A-1, and lipoprotein(a) concentrations. In conclusion, trans alpha-linolenic acid may increase plasma LDL-:HDL-cholesterol and total cholesterol:HDL-cholesterol ratios. Whether diet-induced changes in these ratios truly affects the risk for CHD remains to be established.
Vermunt
S H
SH
Maastricht University, Department of Human Biology, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
Beaufrère
B
B
Riemersma
R A
RA
Sébédio
J L
JL
Chardigny
J M
JM
Mensink
R P
RP
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001937:Brassica; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D004042:Dietary Fats, Unsaturated / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood*; D008074:Lipoproteins / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017962:alpha-Linolenic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*
D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D004042:Dietary Fats, Unsaturated; D008055:Lipids; D008074:Lipoproteins; D010938:Plant Oils; D017962:alpha-Linolenic Acid; D002784:Cholesterol