Safety profile and tolerability of amprenavir in patients enrolled in an early access program.
BACKGROUND
The amprenavir (APV) early or expanded access program was designed to provide open-label APV to patients who would potentially receive benefit beyond that expected from currently available protease inhibitors (PIs) and who were at risk of disease progression before the drug's expected time of regulatory approval.


OBJECTIVE
This study was conducted as part of an early access program to assess the safety profile and tolerability of APV in adults and children (> or =4 years of age) who were either intolerant to or, in the opinion of the patient's physician, virologically failing a previous PI-containing antiretroviral regimen. Specific CD4+ cell count and viral load limits were not imposed by this early access protocol.


METHODS
This open-label, nonrandomized study was conducted at multiple sites throughout the United States. Adults received APV at a dosage of 1200 mg BID. Patients weighing <50 kg received APV at a dosage of 20 mg/kg BID for the solid formulation or 1.5 mL/kg BID for the liquid formulation.


RESULTS
A total of 489 physicians registered for this program; 364 (74.4%) enrolled patients. The safety population of 2217 patients (2048 males [92.4%] and 169 females [7.6%] aged 2 to 74 years) received APV for a median duration of 85 days (range, 2-218 days). Patients in the intent-to-treat population (n = 1427) had extensive experience with antiretroviral therapy. Drug-related treatment-emergent adverse events reported in >3% of patients in the safety population were nausea in 279 patients (12.6%), diarrhea in 197 patients (8.9%), rash in 177 patients (8.0%), vomiting in 148 patients (6.7%), and fatigue in 89 patients (4.0%). Adverse events and laboratory test abnormalities were graded for severity on a scale of 1 to 4 in accordance with AIDS Clinical Trials Group guidelines. Grade 3 treatment-emergent abnormal laboratory values regardless of causality occurring in >3% of patients were neutropenia in 69 of 1887 patients (3.7%; grade 3 toxicity = 500-749/mm3) and elevated triglycerides in 80 of 1593 patients (5.0%; grade 3 toxicity = 751-1200 mg/dL). Most common grade 4 treatment-emergent laboratory abnormalities were elevated serum creatine phosphokinase levels in 36 of 1266 patients (2.8%; grade 4 = >6 times upper normal limit), elevated triglycerides in 39 of 1593 patients (2.4%), and neutropenia in 41 of 1887 patients (2.2%).


CONCLUSIONS
The results of this large cohort of patients support the data from the phase II/III clinical development program and suggest that APV has an acceptable safety profile and is generally well tolerated when used in combination with other antiretroviral drugs in a heavily treatment-experienced, heterogeneous patient population.
Scott
T
T
GlaxoSmithKline, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709-3398, USA. trs7068@glaxowellcome.com
Garris
C
C
Rogers
M
M
Graham
N
N
Garrett
L
L
Pedneault
L
L
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002219:Carbamates; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D005663:Furans; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy*; D017320:HIV Protease Inhibitors / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015497:HIV-1; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013449:Sulfonamides / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use
D019380:Anti-HIV Agents; D002219:Carbamates; D005663:Furans; D017320:HIV Protease Inhibitors; D013449:Sulfonamides; C095108:amprenavir