title: Inhibition of allergic inflammation by C-terminal peptides of the prohormone submandibular rat 1 (SMR-1).
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The C-terminal of the prohormone submandibular rat 1 protein (SMR-1) contains several small peptides that reduce the severity of allergic inflammation and septic shock, and are part of the cervical sympathetic trunk-submandibular gland (SMG) axis of neuroendocrine immunology. These peptides include the heptapeptide, submandibular gland peptide-T and the tripeptide FEG. The D-isomeric form of this tripeptide, feG, which is active when administered orally, reduces LPS-provoked leukocyte rolling on mesenteric venules and influx of inflammatory cells into the peritoneum and intestinal muscle.
  
  
  METHODS
  To investigate the mechanism of action of these peptides, the influx of inflammatory molecules into the airways, and several properties of human neutrophils were examined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Oral feG (1 mg/kg) inhibited the influx of inflammatory cells into the airways lumen of allergen challenged, sensitized Brown Norway rats. This inhibition occurred whether feG was given 30 min prior to 6 h post allergen challenge. Moreover, feG in picomolar to nanomolar concentrations inhibited PAF elicited chemotaxis by 30-40%, but the peptides did not affect superoxide production or phagocytosis by neutrophils. feG reduced PAF-stimulated expression of CD11b.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  feG may exert its anti-inflammatory effects by modulating the expression and functions of beta(2) integrins. The CST-SMG axis may be a major neuroendocrine pathway that modulates allergic asthma and other inflammatory responses.
authors: Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.
authors: R E
authors: RE
authors: Dery
authors: R
authors: R
authors: Mathison
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Davison
authors: A D
authors: AD
authors: Befus
mesh_terms: D000485:Allergens / Q000276:immunology; D000818:Animals; D001249:Asthma / Q000276:immunology*; D001992:Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid / Q000166:cytology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002634:Chemotaxis, Leukocyte; D016177:Macrophage-1 Antigen / Q000378:metabolism; D015213:Neuroimmunomodulation; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000276:immunology; D009842:Oligopeptides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010972:Platelet Activating Factor / Q000494:pharmacology; D011498:Protein Precursors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D012471:Salivary Proteins and Peptides / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000485:Allergens; D016177:Macrophage-1 Antigen; D009842:Oligopeptides; D010972:Platelet Activating Factor; D011498:Protein Precursors; D012471:Salivary Proteins and Peptides; C066861:Smr3b protein, rat; C114891:tripeptide FEG