title: Life events and depression in a community sample of siblings.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The overall aim of the GENESiS project is to identify quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for anxiety/depression, and to examine the interaction between these loci and psychosocial adversity. Here we present life-events data with the aim of clarifying: (i) the aetiology of life events as inferred from sibling correlations; (ii) the relationship between life events and measures of anxiety and depression, as well as neuroticism; and (iii) the interaction between life events and neuroticism on anxiety/depression indices.
  
  
  METHODS
  We assessed the occurrence of one network and three personal life-event categories and multiple indices of anxiety/depression including General Health Questionnaire, Anhedonic Depression, Anxious Arousal and Neuroticism in a large community-based sample of2150 sib pairs, 410 trios and 81 quads. Liability threshold models and raw ordinal maximum likelihood were used to estimate within-individual and between-sibling correlations of life events. The relationship between life events and indices of emotional states and personality were assessed by multiple linear regression and canonical correlations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Life events showed sibling correlations of 0-37 for network events and between 0-10 and 0.19 for personal events. Adverse life events were related to anxiety and depression and, to a less extent, neuroticism. Trait-vulnerability (as indexed by co-sib's neuroticism, anxiety and depression) accounted for 11% and life events for 3% of the variance in emotional states. There were no interaction effects.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Life events show moderate familiality and are significantly related to symptoms of anxiety and depression in the community. Appropriate modelling of life events in linkage and association analyses should help to identify QTLs for depression and anxiety.
authors: Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Research Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, London.
authors: F V
authors: FV
authors: Rijsdijk
authors: P C
authors: PC
authors: Sham
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Sterne
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Purcell
authors: P
authors: P
authors: McGuffin
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Farmer
authors: D
authors: D
authors: Goldberg
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Mann
authors: S S
authors: SS
authors: Cherny
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Webster
authors: D
authors: D
authors: Ball
authors: T C
authors: TC
authors: Eley
authors: R
authors: R
authors: Plomin
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001007:Anxiety / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics / Q000523:psychology; D003863:Depression / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008016:Life Change Events; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009497:Neurotic Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics / Q000523:psychology; D012111:Residence Characteristics; D012801:Sibling Relations; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires