title: Idiopathic chronic constipation: tachykinins as cotransmitters in colonic contraction.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Tachykinins (TKs) have been shown to be involved in the excitatory enteric motor pathway. This study aimed to examine the direct and nerve-mediated effect of specific NK1, NK2 and NK3 receptor agonists and antagonists in colonic preparations from control subjects and patients with idiopathic chronic constipation (ICC).
  
  
  METHODS
  Cumulative concentrations of Sar9Met(O2)11 substance P (selective NK1 receptor agonist), [Ala5,beta-Ala8]-neurokinin A (4-10) (selective NK2 receptor agonist) and [MePhe7]-neurokinin B (selective NK3 receptor agonist) were tested on colonic circular muscle strips to evaluate the direct drug effects. In addition, in the presence of atropine, the role of TKs in the off-contraction that follows the typical inhibitory response evoked by low frequencies of electrical field stimulation (0.5--10 Hz, 20 V, 1 ms pulse trains lasting 1 min) was investigated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In control preparations, the rank order of potency was: NK2 receptor-selective agonist > NK3 receptor-selective agonist > NK1 receptor-selective agonist. The off-contraction was found to be reduced by about 30--40% in colonic circular muscle from ICC patients with respect to controls. Incubation with the NK1 receptor agonist did not modify the off-contraction measurements in either control or ICC preparations. Conversely, both NK2 and NK3 receptor agonists significantly (P < 0.01) increased the off-contraction in ICC preparations only. This increased response was fully antagonized by MEN-10627, a NK2 and NK3 receptor antagonist depending on the dose.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We may conclude that ICC is hyporesponsive to TKs and that the contractile reflex to distension is greatly reduced in ICC disease, but can be restored by incubation with NK2 and NK3 receptor agonists.
authors: Department of Pharmacology and Human Physiology, Medical School, University of Bari, Italy. chieppa@farmacol.uniba.it
authors: D
authors: D
authors: Mitolo-Chieppa
authors: G
authors: G
authors: Mansi
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Nacci
authors: M A
authors: MA
authors: De Salvia
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Montagnani
authors: M A
authors: MA
authors: Potenza
authors: R
authors: R
authors: Rinaldi
authors: G
authors: G
authors: Lerro
authors: G
authors: G
authors: Siro-Brigiani
authors: C I
authors: CI
authors: Mitolo
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Rinaldi
authors: D F
authors: DF
authors: Altomare
authors: V
authors: V
authors: Memeo
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002908:Chronic Disease; D003106:Colon / Q000294:innervation / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003248:Constipation / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008875:Middle Aged; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D009130:Muscle, Smooth / Q000187:drug effects / Q000294:innervation / Q000503:physiopathology; D018377:Neurotransmitter Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000502:physiology*; D015320:Tachykinins / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D018377:Neurotransmitter Agents; D015320:Tachykinins