title: Effect of Norwegian fish powder on risk factors for coronary heart disease among hypercholesterolemic individuals.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Numerous studies suggest an association between high intake of fatty fish and reduced risk of coronary heart disease. Very long-chain omega-3 fatty acids are thought to be responsible for the benefits observed, though other fatty fish components may act in concert with them. Norwegian fish powder is a dry herring product that contains essential amino acids, marine omega-3 fatty acids, vitamins and minerals. The aim of the present study was to determine whether it has beneficial effects on risk factors for coronary heart disease in man.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A single center, randomized, double-blind, parallel-treatment study was carried out for 12 weeks. Subjects with primary hypercholesterolemia were randomly allocated to 10 g fish powder or placebo (20 tablets/day). Participants were instructed to follow National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Step I Diet during a 4-week diet run-in phase and during the study. Concentrations of lipids, lipoproteins, hemostatic variables and endothelial cell markers were determined before and after supplementation. Our data showed that the fish powder supplement was well tolerated. A significant decrease and increase respectively were observed in plasma alpha-linolenic acid (p = 0.03) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) (p = 0.03). Concentrations of lipids, lipoproteins, homocysteine, factor VII, fibrinogen, tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI)-1, soluble intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1, P-selectin and interleukin (IL)-8 were not beneficially affected.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Fish powder supplementation does not seem an effective approach to improve risk factors for coronary heart disease in hypercholesterolemic subjects following the NCEP Step I Diet.
authors: Lipid Clinic, University of Oslo, Rikshospitalet, 0027 Oslo, Norway.
authors: M S
authors: MS
authors: Nenseter
authors: B
authors: B
authors: Østerud
authors: T
authors: T
authors: Larsen
authors: E
authors: E
authors: Strøm
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Bergei
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Hewitt
authors: K B
authors: KB
authors: Holven
authors: T A
authors: TA
authors: Hagve
authors: S A
authors: SA
authors: Mjøs
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Solvang
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Pettersen
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Opstvedt
authors: L
authors: L
authors: Ose
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000097:blood / Q000517:prevention & control*; D004281:Docosahexaenoic Acids / Q000097:blood; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D005396:Fish Products; D006801:Humans; D006937:Hypercholesterolemia / Q000178:diet therapy*; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood*; D008074:Lipoproteins / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009664:Norway; D012307:Risk Factors; D017962:alpha-Linolenic Acid / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D008055:Lipids; D008074:Lipoproteins; D017962:alpha-Linolenic Acid; D004281:Docosahexaenoic Acids