title: Effects of pretreatment on physical and ion exchange properties of natural clinoptilolite.
abstract: Four pretreatment procedures have been applied to natural clinoptilolite to establish the influence of the pretreatment process on the properties of the material under investigation. Modification of material properties is imposed for its use in wastewater treatment via ion exchange processes. Batch pretreatment procedures as well as continuous flow column have been studied by using sodium chloride, sodium hydroxide and nitric acid solutions in deionized water. Measurements of the effective capacity, the diffusion coefficient in the solid state and examination of the crystal structure have been employed to assess the effect of each specific pretreatment on the material under test. The effective capacity is improved in all cases, by a factor of 2.4 to 3.6, while the diffusion coefficient values depend strongly on the type of pretreatment used and fall in the range of 0.03-1.37 x 10(-8) cm2s-2 at 20 degrees C. The crystal structure remains unaltered as evidenced by XRD measurements.
authors: Department of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Zografou Campus, Athens, 15 780 Greece.
authors: V J
authors: VJ
authors: Inglezakis
authors: C D
authors: CD
authors: Papadeas
authors: M D
authors: MD
authors: Loizidou
authors: H P
authors: HP
authors: Grigoropoulou
mesh_terms: D055598:Chemical Phenomena; D002627:Chemistry, Physical; D003460:Crystallization; D004058:Diffusion; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007474:Ion Exchange; D007700:Kinetics; D008433:Mathematics; D017942:Nitric Acid / Q000737:chemistry; D012965:Sodium Chloride / Q000737:chemistry; D012972:Sodium Hydroxide / Q000737:chemistry; D012996:Solutions; D018505:Waste Management / Q000379:methods*; D014873:Water Pollutants; D017641:Zeolites / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D012996:Solutions; D014873:Water Pollutants; C083175:clinoptilolite; D017641:Zeolites; D017942:Nitric Acid; D012965:Sodium Chloride; D012972:Sodium Hydroxide