title: Long-term angiographic follow-up after successful repeat balloon angioplasty for in-stent restenosis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Coronary stent implantation is associated with improved angiographic short-term and mid-term clinical outcome. However, restenosis rate still remains between 20 and 30%.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of the study, performed as a prospective angiographic follow-up to detect restenosis, was to evaluate the immediate and the 6-month angiographic results of repeat balloon angioplasty for in-stent restenosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  From April 1996 to September 1997, 335 stenting procedures performed in 327 patients underwent prospectively 6-month control angiography. Of the 96 lesions that showed in-stent restenosis (> 50% diameter stenosis) (29%), 72 underwent balloon angioplasty.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The primary success rate was 100%. Follow-up angiogram at a mean of 6.9 +/- 2.4 months was obtained in 54 patients. Recurrent restenosis was observed in 24 of the 55 stents (44%). Repeat intervention for diffuse and body location in-stent restenosis before repeat intervention was associated with significantly higher rates of recurrent restenosis (p < 0.001 and p < 0.05, respectively). Of the 19 patients who underwent further balloon angioplasty (100% success rate), coronary angiography was performed in 18 (95%) at a mean of 8.2 +/- 2.0 months and showed recurrent restenosis in 12 patients (67%). Further repeat intervention for diffuse and severe in-stent restenosis before the second repeat intervention was associated with significantly higher rates of further recurrent restenosis (p < 0.05 and p < 0.005, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although balloon angioplasty can be safely, successfully, and repeatedly performed after stent restenosis, it carries a progressively high recurrence of angiographic restenosis rate during repeat 6-month follow-ups. The subgroup of patients with diffuse, severe, and/or body location in-stent restenosis proved to be at higher risk of recurrent restenosis.
authors: Institute of Cardiology, Ferrarotto Hospital, University of Catania, Italy.
authors: A R
authors: AR
authors: Galassi
authors: R
authors: R
authors: Foti
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Azzarelli
authors: G
authors: G
authors: Condorelli
authors: G
authors: G
authors: Coco
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Ragusa
authors: G
authors: G
authors: Russo
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Grasso
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Bonaccorso
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Tamburino
authors: G
authors: G
authors: Giuffrida
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015906:Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary; D017023:Coronary Angiography; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000628:therapy; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006083:Graft Occlusion, Vascular / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012086:Reoperation; D015607:Stents; D013997:Time Factors