title: Macrophages and lymphocyte subpopulations in nifedipine- and cyclosporin A-associated human gingival overgrowth.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Nifedipine and cyclosporin A (CsA) induce gingival overgrowth. Both drugs have immunomodulating effects. It has been suggested that altered immune response is associated with drug-induced gingival overgrowth. In this study, we evaluated whether there were differences in macrophages and lymphocyte subpopulations in human nifedipine- and CsA-associated gingival overgrowth as compared with those in normal gingiva.
  
  
  METHODS
  Biopsy samples of overgrown gingiva were obtained from 9 nifedipine-treated cardiac outpatients, 13 CsA-treated renal transplant recipients including 9 patients who were also receiving nifedipine, and 30 healthy control individuals undergoing dental treatment. Serial 5 microm thick cryostat sections were stained with mAbs for CD20 (B-pan), CD68 (macrophages), CD4 (T-helper/inducer), and CD8 (T-cytotoxic/suppressor) using an avidin-biotin-horseradish peroxidase complex method. Numbers of mAb-labeled and all nucleated cells were determined in 3 areas: the connective tissue beneath the sulcular epithelium, the middle connective tissue, and the connective tissue beneath the oral epithelium. Distributions of each type of cell were expressed as percentages of mAb-labeled cells in relation to total number of nucleated cells in a counting zone. Significances of differences between groups were tested by means of the Kruskal-Wallis test, and between pairs of results by means of the Mann-Whitney U-test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The proportion of CD8-labeled cells was significantly higher in connective tissue beneath the sulcular epithelium in the nifedipine group than in the controls (P = 0.014). In both medicated groups, the proportions of CD68-labeled cells were higher in all counting zones than in the controls, but statistically significantly only in the nifedipine group in the connective tissue beneath the oral epithelium (P = 0.008). No intergroup differences were found with respect to CD4- and CD20-labeled cells. The CD4/CD8 ratio was significantly lower in connective tissue beneath the sulcular epithelium in the nifedipine group than in the controls (P= 0.013).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results support the idea that immune response may be altered in drug-induced gingival overgrowth.
authors: Department of Periodontology and Geriatric Dentistry, Institute of Dentistry, University of Oulu, Finland. hilkka.pernu@oulu.fi
authors: H E
authors: HE
authors: Pernu
authors: M L
authors: ML
authors: Knuuttila
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000032:analysis; D018951:Antigens, CD20 / Q000032:analysis; D015214:Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic / Q000032:analysis; D001402:B-Lymphocytes / Q000145:classification / Q000473:pathology; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000473:pathology; D018414:CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000473:pathology; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002452:Cell Count; D003238:Connective Tissue / Q000473:pathology; D016572:Cyclosporine / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004848:Epithelium / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D005881:Gingiva / Q000473:pathology; D019214:Gingival Overgrowth / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000473:pathology; D006331:Heart Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy; D006801:Humans; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D016030:Kidney Transplantation; D018655:Lymphocyte Count; D016131:Lymphocyte Subsets / Q000145:classification* / Q000473:pathology; D008264:Macrophages / Q000145:classification* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D009543:Nifedipine / Q000009:adverse effects*; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D000097382:CD68 Molecule
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D015703:Antigens, CD; D018951:Antigens, CD20; D015214:Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers; D016572:Cyclosporine; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D009543:Nifedipine; C067980:CD68 antigen, human; D000097382:CD68 Molecule