title: Beneficial effects of ramipril on left ventricular end-diastolic and end-systolic volume indexes after uncomplicated invasive revascularization are associated with a reduction in cardiac events in patients with moderately impaired left ventricular function and no clinical heart failure.
abstract: OBJECTIVES We sought to assess the effect of ramipril on left ventricular (LV) volumes, and the clinical significance thereof, in patients with moderate LV dysfunction and no clinical heart failure undergoing invasive revascularization for chronic stable angina.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  It is unsettled whether treatment with an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor has an impact on LV volumes in this patient group, and, if so, whether this is associated with the clinical outcome.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 133 patients with a left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) between 0.30 and 0.50 and no clinical heart failure undergoing invasive revascularization for chronic stable angina were randomized to receive ramipril 10 mg once daily or placebo and were followed for a median of 33 months with echocardiography at baseline and 3, 12 and 24 months postoperatively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Repeated measures analysis of all time points showed that ramipril significantly reduced the end-diastolic volume index (EDVI) (p = 0.032) and end-systolic volume index (ESVI) (p = 0.006) as compared with placebo. Ramipril also reduced the incidence of the triple composite end point of cardiac death, acute myocardial infarction or development of heart failure (p = 0.046). Cox regression analysis, controlling for baseline LVEF and assignment to ramipril, revealed: 1) that increases in EDVI and ESVI up to three months predicted an increasing risk of a future adverse clinical outcome; and 2) that the benefit with ramipril on clinical outcome was partly dependent on a reduction in LV volumes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Even in this patient group, LV dilation may supervene and lead to an adverse clinical outcome. Ramipril reduces the postoperative increase in LV volumes and may thereby improve clinical outcome.
authors: Heart Center, Rigshospitalet, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Denmark. kjol-h@dadlnet.dk
authors: L
authors: L
authors: Kjøller-Hansen
authors: R
authors: R
authors: Steffensen
authors: P
authors: P
authors: Grande
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000787:Angina Pectoris / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery*; D015906:Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary; D001026:Coronary Artery Bypass; D003971:Diastole / Q000187:drug effects; D004452:Echocardiography / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000401:mortality; D017257:Ramipril / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D013318:Stroke Volume / Q000187:drug effects*; D015996:Survival Rate; D013599:Systole / Q000187:drug effects; D018487:Ventricular Dysfunction, Left / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality
chemical_list: D017257:Ramipril