title: Infrequent frameshift mutations in the simple repeat sequences of hMLH3 in hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancers.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A recently identified mismatch repair gene, hMLH3, contains two simple repeat sequence regions, (A)9 and (A)8, in its coding region. To clarify the role of hMLH3 in hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC), we searched for hMLH3 somatic and germline mutations, particularly in the repeat regions, in 41 HNPCC patient cells.
  
  
  METHODS
  We analyzed the hMLH3 (A)9 and (A)8 repeats in 27 colorectal cancers with microsatellite instability (MSI) as well as in normal cells from 41 HNPCC patients by means of polymerase chain reaction-single-strand conformation polymorphism. hMSH3 (A)8 and hMSH6 (C)8 repeats were also examined in these cancers.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Frameshift mutations in the hMLH3 (A)9 repeat were observed in 4/27 (14.8%) cancers with MSI, all of which showed the severe MSI phenotype. No mutations in the (A)8 repeat were found in any case. The mutation frequency of the hMLH3 (A)9 repeat was similar to that of the hMSH6 (C)8 repeat (5/26, 19.2%), but was significantly lower than that of the hMSH3 (A)8 repeat (16/27, 59.3%) (P < 0.001). All four cancers with hMLH3 mutations exhibited germline hMSH2 and/or somatic hMSH3 mutations. No germline mutation in the hMLH3 (A)9 or (A)8 repeat was detected in normal cells from the 41 HNPCC patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  hMLH3 mutations were infrequently observed in HNPCC cancers with MSI and they may be secondary to other mismatch repair gene mutations. Hence hMLH3 may only play a small role in HNPCC tumorigenesis.
authors: Department of Molecular Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine and Dentistry, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Japan.
authors: Y
authors: Y
authors: Akiyama
authors: H
authors: H
authors: Nagasaki
authors: T
authors: T
authors: Nakajima
authors: H
authors: H
authors: Sakai
authors: T
authors: T
authors: Nomizu
authors: Y
authors: Y
authors: Yuasa
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D003123:Colorectal Neoplasms, Hereditary Nonpolyposis / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D016368:Frameshift Mutation; D006801:Humans; D018895:Microsatellite Repeats; D008875:Middle Aged; D000070956:MutL Proteins
chemical_list: D002352:Carrier Proteins; C403623:MLH3 protein, human; D000070956:MutL Proteins