title: The influence of CpG motifs on a protein or DNA-based Th2-type immune response against major pollen allergens Bet v 1a, Phl p 2 and Escherichia coli-derived beta-galactosidase.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  DNA immunization and protein immunization with CpG motifs as adjuvants represent promising approaches in allergen-specific immunotherapy.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We investigated the effect of coinjection or prepriming with CpG-ODN on Th2-type responses induced by gene gun and protein immunization.
  
  
  METHODS
  BALB/c mice were immunized with the gene gun using plasmid DNA containing the cDNAs coding for the genes of Bet v 1a, Phl p 2 and beta-galactosidase or with the purified Al(OH)(3)-adsorbed proteins. In addition, CpG-ODN were applied by coinjection or by prepriming treatment. Antibody and cytokine responses were measured by ELISA, proliferative and cytotoxic responses were determined by standard labeling procedures. Furthermore, the allergenic activity of sera was measured by passive cutaneous anaphylaxis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Gene gun immunization and protein immunization induced a clear Th2-type response for all antigens. The Th1-promoting effect of CpG-ODN coinjection together with gene gun immunization was restricted to beta-galactosidase as indicated by the increase of IgG2a and a marked expression of IFN-gamma. CpG motifs also increased the specific cytotoxic response against beta-galactosidase. Prepriming with CpG-ODN and gene gun or protein immunization with Bet v 1a exhibited no significant difference to the non-CpG control group. However, sera from mice preprimed with CpG-ODN induced no anaphylaxis with gene gun immunization, but with protein immunization.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The effect of CpG motifs in vivo depends on a variety of parameters like the nature of the antigen and the immunization modality. Furthermore, our studies indicate that a combination of CpG + DNA immunization may be more effective in antagonizing Th2 responses than the combination of CpG + protein immunization.
authors: Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Salzburg, Austria.
authors: R
authors: R
authors: Hochreiter
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Hartl
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Freund
authors: R
authors: R
authors: Valenta
authors: F
authors: F
authors: Ferreira
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Thalhamer
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000235:genetics*; D000485:Allergens / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D000818:Animals; D052179:Antigens, Plant; D019470:Biolistics; D018899:CpG Islands / Q000235:genetics*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis; D003888:Desensitization, Immunologic; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D007073:Immunoglobulin E / Q000096:biosynthesis; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000096:biosynthesis; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D011058:Pollen / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D018418:Th2 Cells / Q000276:immunology*; D019444:Vaccines, DNA / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001616:beta-Galactosidase / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D000485:Allergens; D052179:Antigens, Plant; D016207:Cytokines; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; C084984:PHLPII protein, Phleum pratense; D010940:Plant Proteins; D019444:Vaccines, DNA; C061312:Bet v 1 allergen, Betula; D007073:Immunoglobulin E; D001616:beta-Galactosidase