title: Regulation of cytokine production in T-cell responses to inhalant allergen:GATA-3 expression distinguishes between Th1- and Th2-polarized immunity.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The precise nature of allergen-specific cytokine responses in atopics versus non-atopics, in particular the 'Th1 polarity' of responses in non-atopics, remains controversial. This is due in part to the relative insensitivity of cytokine detection systems, and associated variations in kinetics of cytokine production and catabolism in in vitro culture systems. As an alternative to cytokine measurement, this study focuses on expression of the transcription factor GATA-3 for analysis of allergen-specific Th cell responses.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cord blood mononuclear cells were Th1- or Th2-polarized by culture in IL-12- or IL-4-employing established methods; PBMC from house dust mite (HDM)-sensitive atopics and controls were stimulated overnight with HDM; cytokine production was measured by ELISA and GATA-3 mRNA expression by PCR.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cytokine-driven Th2 polarization of naive T cells is associated with marked upregulation of GATA-3 expression, whereas a reciprocal expression pattern accompanies differentiation towards the Th1 cytokine phenotype. In T cells from HDM skin prick test-positive (HDM-SPT+/HDM-IgE+) volunteers, overnight stimulation results in marked upregulation of GATA-3 expression, compared to an equally marked downregulation of expression in T cells from SPT-/IgE- subjects. In subjects who are HDM-SPT+ but IgE-, GATA-3 expression levels remained relatively stable during culture with HDM.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Upregulation of GATA-3 expression in PBMC is a hallmark of the early phase of Th2 recall responses to specific allergen in atopics. The reciprocal expression pattern observed in HDM-specific recall responses of non-atopics provides independent confirmation of the presence of underlying Th1-like immunity in these subjects. The parallel findings in neonatal T cells suggest that the same approach may be utilized for monitoring the progress of allergen-specific Th1/Th2 memory development during early childhood, and hence in assessment of risk for future allergic disease.
authors: TVW Telethon Institute for Child Health Research, Centre for Child Health Research, University of Westen Australia, Perth, Australia.
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Macaubas
authors: P G
authors: PG
authors: Holt
mesh_terms: D000485:Allergens / Q000276:immunology; D000818:Animals; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D050990:GATA3 Transcription Factor; D006801:Humans; D006967:Hypersensitivity / Q000276:immunology*; D019570:Inhalation Exposure; D008925:Mites / Q000276:immunology; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D018417:Th1 Cells / Q000276:immunology; D018418:Th2 Cells / Q000276:immunology; D015534:Trans-Activators / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D000485:Allergens; D016207:Cytokines; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D050990:GATA3 Transcription Factor; C494749:GATA3 protein, human; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D015534:Trans-Activators