title: [Does the inhalation of a 1% L-menthol solution in the premedication of fiberoptic bronchoscopy affect coughing and the sensation of dyspnea?].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Inhalation of l-menthol inhibits cough and has been shown to reduce respiratory discomfort associated with loaded breathing. We investigated the effect of the inhalation of a 1% l-menthol solution in the premedication of fiberoptic bronchoscopy (FB) on the frequency of cough and the irritability of the tracheobronchial mucosa during FB in a blinded, randomized and placebo controlled study.
  
  
  METHODS
  64 pat. (30-78 yrs, 55 males) underwent routine FB. Premediction: atropine and hydrocodone s.c., inhalation of oxybuprocain by means of a jet nebulizer, sedation on demand. Verum-group: inhalation of 3 ml 1% l-menthol-solution. Placebo-group: 3 ml 0.05% l-menthol (to provide the typical smell). Before and after inhalation peak respiratory flow (PEF) was registered, during FB the frequency of cough was measured. The bronchoscopist scored the irritability of the tracheobronchial mucosa using a visual analog scale. The patients answered a questionnaire addressing their perception of dyspnea and cough on the day after FB compared to the day before.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The cough counts didn't show a significant difference between the groups. The irritability of the mucosa was increased in the verum group (main bronchus verum 62.2 +/- 22, placebo 48.6 +/- 23 [mm vissual analog scale, p = 0.03]). Cough and dyspnea reported by the patients decreased on the day after FB significantly compared to the day before (no difference between the groups). The inhalation of 1% l-menthol induced a significant increase of the PEF (verum 307 +/- 103 pre, 329 +/- 84 post [l/min, p = 0.003]) compared to placebo.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The inhalation of 1% l-menthol did not enhance the tolerability of the FB. However, l-menthol induced a significant increase of the PEF immediately after inhalation. Finally sensation of dyspnea was decreased in both groups at the day post FB.
authors: Krankenhaus Kloster Grafschaft, Zentrum für Pneumologie, Beatmungs- und Schlafmedizin, Schmallenberg. p.haidl@t-online.de
authors: P
authors: P
authors: Haidl
authors: P
authors: P
authors: Kemper
authors: S J
authors: SJ
authors: Butnarasu
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Klauke
authors: H
authors: H
authors: Wehde
authors: D
authors: D
authors: Köhler
mesh_terms: D000280:Administration, Inhalation; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000996:Antitussive Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001285:Atropine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001999:Bronchoscopy; D003371:Cough / Q000517:prevention & control*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004417:Dyspnea / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005260:Female; D005336:Fiber Optic Technology; D006801:Humans; D006853:Hydrocodone / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D008610:Menthol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008875:Middle Aged; D010919:Placebos; D011292:Premedication; D011343:Procaine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012677:Sensation
chemical_list: D000996:Antitussive Agents; D010919:Placebos; D008610:Menthol; D011343:Procaine; D006853:Hydrocodone; D001285:Atropine; C005298:benoxinate