title: Conditioned medium from hypoxic cytotrophoblasts alters arterial function.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Our goal was to test the hypothesis that cytotrophoblasts, under low oxygen tension, release substances that affect vascular behavior.
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied the vascular response to the vasoconstrictors phenylephrine (receptor dependent) and potassium (receptor independent), the relaxation response to methacholine, and the vasomotor behavior of isolated resistance (mesenteric) arteries from early pregnant rats after incubation in conditioned medium from first-trimester cytotrophoblasts, maintained in standard or hypoxic (2%; 14 mm Hg) culture conditions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After incubation in medium from hypoxic cytotrophoblasts, arterial segments were more responsive to phenylephrine and to potassium-induced constriction but were less responsive to methacholine, and the vasomotor activity was increased compared with that found in vessels incubated in control medium.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These changes in vascular behavior are similar to those reported in isolated arteries from women with preeclampsia. These studies provide evidence which suggests that the link between abnormal placentation and maternal vascular abnormality in preeclampsia is the elaboration of vasoactive factors by cytotrophoblasts in response to hypoxia.
authors: Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Science, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pennsylvania, USA.
authors: R J
authors: RJ
authors: Gratton
authors: R E
authors: RE
authors: Gandley
authors: O
authors: O
authors: Genbacev
authors: J F
authors: JF
authors: McCarthy
authors: S J
authors: SJ
authors: Fisher
authors: M K
authors: MK
authors: McLaughlin
mesh_terms: D000316:Adrenergic alpha-Agonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D015687:Cell Hypoxia / Q000502:physiology; D017077:Culture Media, Conditioned; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D008638:Mesenteric Arteries / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D016210:Methacholine Chloride / Q000494:pharmacology; D018721:Muscarinic Agonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D009131:Muscle, Smooth, Vascular / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D010656:Phenylephrine / Q000494:pharmacology; D011188:Potassium / Q000494:pharmacology; D011247:Pregnancy; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D014327:Trophoblasts / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D014655:Vascular Resistance / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D014662:Vasoconstrictor Agents / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000316:Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; D017077:Culture Media, Conditioned; D018721:Muscarinic Agonists; D014662:Vasoconstrictor Agents; D016210:Methacholine Chloride; D010656:Phenylephrine; D011188:Potassium