title: Predictive value of topoisomerase II alpha immunostaining in urothelial bladder carcinoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The nuclear enzyme DNA topoisomerase II has been shown to be required for chromatin condensation and chromosomal segregation during mitosis; its isoform topo II alpha is linked with active cell proliferation in mammalian cells. The aim of this study was to examine the relation of the expression of topo II alpha to the biological behaviour of conventional urinary bladder cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Formalin fixed, paraffin wax embedded tissue from 94 specimens of bladder urothelial cancer were immuno-histochemically stained for topo II alpha. For each case, a topo II alpha index was determined. A similar index had been determined for Ki-67, a known cell proliferation marker. Each case had also been graded, staged, and evaluated for DNA ploidy as well as for p53 and bcl-2 immunoreactivity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Raised topo II alpha expression (in > or = 10% of malignant nuclei) correlated with two adverse prognosticators--high grade (p = 0.027) and invasion of the muscularis propria (p = 0.013), but with no other evaluated parameter. By multivariate survival analysis using Cox's proportional hazard model, high expression of topo II alpha was found to be predictive for worse survival (p = 0.0047). Patients' age, tumour stage, and grade were also retained as independent prognostic factors (p = 0.0349, p = 0.00005, and p = 0.0130, respectively). The negative influence of increased topo II alpha immunopositivity on patients' survival was also seen in the subgroup of patients with non-muscle invasive carcinomas (p = 0.0004), in patients with a bcl-2 negative phenotype (p = 0.0330), and in those with low Ki-67 indices (p = 0.0341).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Because topo II alpha and Ki-67 failed to demonstrate a significant interrelation, they appear to be different molecules that both function at separate phases in the complex process of cellular proliferation. The assessment of increased topo II alpha immunoreactivity in specimens from urothelial carcinomas might help to select patients (particularly among those with superficial tumours) in the worse prognostic categories for new therapeutic strategies.
authors: Department of Pathology, Athens National University School of Medicine, 75 Mikras Asias Str., Goudi, GR-115 27 Athens, Greece. lnakopou@cc.uoa.gr
authors: L
authors: L
authors: Nakopoulou
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Zervas
authors: A C
authors: AC
authors: Lazaris
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Constantinides
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Stravodimos
authors: P
authors: P
authors: Davaris
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Dimopoulos
mesh_terms: D002295:Carcinoma, Transitional Cell / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D004264:DNA Topoisomerases, Type I / Q000032:analysis*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen / Q000032:analysis; D008297:Male; D011003:Ploidies; D011379:Prognosis; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D015996:Survival Rate; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D019459:Urothelium / Q000201:enzymology*
chemical_list: D019394:Ki-67 Antigen; D004264:DNA Topoisomerases, Type I