title: Flow cytometric analysis of gut mucosal lymphocytes supports an impaired Th1 cytokine profile in spondyloarthropathy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To quantify the fraction of gut mucosal lymphocytes expressing the T helper type 1 (Th1) cytokines, interferon gamma (IFNgamma) and interleukin (IL)2, and the Th2 cytokines, IL4 and IL10, at the single cell level in patients with spondyloarthropathy (SpA) in comparison with healthy controls.
  
  
  METHODS
  An improved extraction protocol was used for the enrichment of intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs) and lamina propria lymphocytes (LPLs) from colonic and ileal biopsy specimens obtained from patients with SpA (n=20) and healthy controls (n=13). After stimulation with phorbol ester/ionomycin, expression of the intracellular cytokines IFNgamma, IL2, IL4, and IL10 was determined in CD3+, CD3+CD8+ and CD3+CD8- T cells by flow cytometry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In colonic LPLs, a significant decrease in IFNgamma-producing CD3+ cells was observed (p=0.02) in patients with SpA. In the CD3+CD8- subset, the proportion of cells producing IFNgamma and IL2 was decreased in patients with SpA (p=0.021 and p=0.027 respectively). In ileal LPLs, the percentage of IL10-producing CD3+CD8- cells was significantly increased (p=0.046).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  An impaired Th1 cytokine profile is observed in gut mucosal lymphocytes from patients with SpA. This adds to the existing evidence that the gut mucosal immune apparatus is involved in the pathogenesis of SpA.
authors: Department of Rheumatology, Ghent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Ghent, Belgium. Nancy.VanDamme@rug.ac.be
authors: N
authors: N
authors: Van Damme
authors: M
authors: M
authors: De Vos
authors: D
authors: D
authors: Baeten
authors: P
authors: P
authors: Demetter
authors: H
authors: H
authors: Mielants
authors: G
authors: G
authors: Verbruggen
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Cuvelier
authors: E M
authors: EM
authors: Veys
authors: F
authors: F
authors: De Keyser
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001327:Autoimmune Diseases / Q000276:immunology*; D017252:CD3 Complex / Q000032:analysis; D016827:CD8 Antigens / Q000032:analysis; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003106:Colon; D016207:Cytokines / Q000032:analysis*; D005260:Female; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006801:Humans; D007082:Ileum; D016130:Immunophenotyping; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000032:analysis; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000032:analysis; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000032:analysis; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000032:analysis; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000276:immunology*; D007592:Joint Diseases / Q000276:immunology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018417:Th1 Cells / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D017252:CD3 Complex; D016827:CD8 Antigens; D016207:Cytokines; D007376:Interleukin-2; D016753:Interleukin-10; D015847:Interleukin-4; D007371:Interferon-gamma