title: Multi-slice CT urography after diuretic injection: initial results.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the feasibility of CT urography (CTU) using a multi-slice (MS) scanner and to find out whether a low-dose diuretic injection is advantageous for the opacification of the urinary tract.
  
  
  METHODS
  MS-CTU was performed in 21 patients with urologic diseases. In 5/21 patients, 250 ml of physiologic saline Solution were injected. In 16/21 patients, 10 mg of furosemide were injected 3-5 min before contrast material administration. A 4 x 2.5 mm collimation with a pitch of 1.25 and a tube current of 100-150 mA were used. Scan time was 12-16 sec. 3 mm thin axial images with an overlap of 67% were reconstructed. Multiplanar maximum intensity projection (MIP) images were postprocessed to obtain urographic views. Bone structures were eliminated using the volume-of-interest method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Furosemide-enhanced MS-CTU achieved either near complete or complete opacification in 30/32 (94%) ureters and in 32/32 (100%) pelvicaliceal systems up to a serum creatinine of 150 mumol/l. In our series, only one CTU scan per patient was needed to obtain a diagnostic urogram after 10 min of contrast material injection. Ureteral compression was not necessary. When physiologic saline solution was used instead of furosemide, the radiopacity inside the enhanced pelvicalices was 4-5 times higher and more inhomogeneous. Diuretic-enhanced MS-CTU was more accurate in the depiction of pelvicaliceal details. In combination with furosemide, calculi were well identified inside the opacified urine and were safely differentiated from phleboliths. Postprocessing times of up to 20 minutes were problematic as were contrast-enhanced superimposing bowel loops on MIP images.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Preliminary results demonstrate a good feasibility of furosemide-enhanced MS-CTU for obtaining detailed visualization of the entire upper urinary tract.
authors: Department of Diagnostic Radiology, University of Technology, Aachen. nolte@rad.rwth-aachen.de
authors: C C
authors: CC
authors: Nolte-Ernsting
authors: J E
authors: JE
authors: Wildberger
authors: H
authors: H
authors: Borchers
authors: T
authors: T
authors: Schmitz-Rode
authors: R W
authors: RW
authors: Günther
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D004232:Diuretics / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005260:Female; D005665:Furosemide / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D006801:Humans; D006869:Hydronephrosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D007472:Iohexol / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D007669:Kidney Calculi / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011704:Pyelonephritis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods*; D014567:Urography / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D004232:Diuretics; D007472:Iohexol; C038192:iopromide; D005665:Furosemide