title: Elevated tissue factor circulating levels in children with hemolytic uremic syndrome caused by verotoxin-producing E. coli.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Microvascular thrombosis in the kidney plays an important role in the pathogenesis of hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS). Tissue factor (TF), present on the vascular surface of endothelial cells, binds factor VIIa. The complex initiates the coagulating cascade by activating factors X and IX.
  
  
  METHODS
  In cases of HUS associated with verotoxin-producing E. coli (VTEC) infection, VTEC gastroenteritis without HUS and normal controls, we measured plasma concentrations of TF and tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI) to evaluate their clinical significance. In children with non-HUS chronic renal failure (CRF), the TF levels were also measured as another control group.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the acute phase of HUS, plasma levels of TF and TFPI were significantly elevated, then returned to normal range in the recovery phase. The TF levels were closely correlated with the thrombin antithrombin-III complex, a marker of thrombin activity in circulating blood, and with creatinine clearance (Ccr). Furthermore, a positive correlation was noted between plasma TF levels and plasma soluble thrombomodulin (sTM) levels, which is a marker of endothelial cell injury. The influence of decreased excretion from damaged kidneys should be considered since a definite lot correlation was observed between plasma TF levels and Ccr in children with non-HUS CRF.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  From these findings, we concluded that elevated TF circulating levels may also play an important role in blood-clotting activation observed in VTEC-HUS patients, and may also be a useful marker for renal damage.
authors: Department of Pediatrics, Nara Prefectural Nara Hospital, Hiramatsu, Japan.
authors: H
authors: H
authors: Kamitsuji
authors: K
authors: K
authors: Nonami
authors: T
authors: T
authors: Murakami
authors: N
authors: N
authors: Ishikawa
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Nakayama
authors: Y
authors: Y
authors: Umeki
mesh_terms: D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D004927:Escherichia coli Infections / Q000097:blood* / Q000378:metabolism; D019453:Escherichia coli O157 / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D006463:Hemolytic-Uremic Syndrome / Q000097:blood* / Q000382:microbiology; D006801:Humans; D008074:Lipoproteins / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D022603:Shiga Toxins / Q000378:metabolism*; D013925:Thromboplastin / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D008074:Lipoproteins; D022603:Shiga Toxins; C051928:lipoprotein-associated coagulation inhibitor; D013925:Thromboplastin