title: Treatment with cyclosporin switching to hydroxychloroquine in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the therapeutic benefit of cyclosporin A (CSA) switching to hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty four patients with RA who displayed residual inflammation and disability despite partial responses to prior maximal tolerated doses of methotrexate, were included. All were treated with a staged approach using CSA for 24 weeks to induce clinical improvement, followed by HCQ for 16 weeks to maintain the improvement. Seven ACR core set measures were evaluated every four to eight weeks.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During a 40 week open trial, 27/34 patients completed the study. CSA treatment significantly reduced the tender joints score, swollen joints score, visual analogue pain scale, patient's or doctor's global assessment, patient's self assessed disability, and C reactive protein. Compared with the time of entry into the trial, patients who switched from CSA to HCQ still possessed significantly lower levels of most variables, determined at 28, 32, and 40 weeks. According to the ACR 20% improvement definition, 15/27 (56%) patients had improved at 24 weeks after CSA treatment, and 14/27 (52%) remained improved at 16 weeks after the change to HCQ. Frequent side effects, such as hypertrichosis, gastrointestinal trouble, and hypertension, were noted during CSA treatment, but most of these disappeared after switching to HCQ. The mean levels of blood pressure and serum creatinine were significantly increased during CSA treatment, but returned to normal after changing to HCQ.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The data suggest that CSA switching to HCQ treatment may be an effective strategy for patients with RA partially responding to methotrexate, particularly those with toxicity due to CSA.
authors: Centre for Rheumatic Disease, Kang-Nam St Mary's Hospital, School of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors: W U
authors: WU
authors: Kim
authors: Y I
authors: YI
authors: Seo
authors: S H
authors: SH
authors: Park
authors: W K
authors: WK
authors: Lee
authors: S K
authors: SK
authors: Lee
authors: S I
authors: SI
authors: Paek
authors: C S
authors: CS
authors: Cho
authors: H H
authors: HH
authors: Song
authors: H Y
authors: HY
authors: Kim
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D018501:Antirheumatic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000188:drug therapy*; D016572:Cyclosporine / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006886:Hydroxychloroquine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006973:Hypertension / Q000139:chemically induced; D006983:Hypertrichosis / Q000139:chemically induced; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D008727:Methotrexate / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008875:Middle Aged; D010865:Pilot Projects; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D018501:Antirheumatic Agents; D006886:Hydroxychloroquine; D016572:Cyclosporine; D008727:Methotrexate