title: Short-term effects of a hypocaloric diet on nitrogen excretion in morbid obese women.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether the daily pattern of urine excretion of N wastes is affected by obesity and very low-calorie diets (VLCD).
  
  
  METHODS
  The plasma amino acid, urea and other energy parameters, as well as the urinary excretion of total nitrogen, urea and creatinine were studied in obese and normal-weight women. The obese women's data were obtained under hospital basal controlled conditions (8.1 MJ/day) and after 3 days of VLCD diet (1.9 MJ/day) controls were studied only once (5.8 MJ/day). The hourly excretion patterns of total N, urea and creatinine were determined from the composition of each bladder voiding.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty morbidly obese and 10 age-matched normal-weight control women.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Plasma amino acid levels were higher in obese women, which showed a limited ability to metabolize amino acid hydrocarbon skeletons. Neither differences in the patterns between groups nor total 24 h values for urine volume were found. Total N and urea excretion diminished under VLCD diet. Hourly creatinine excretion showed a flat pattern and was higher in obese women than in the controls, VLCD diet diminished the amount of creatinine excreted in 24 h.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The early change in energy availability that the creatinine excretion figures reflect may result from the energy conservation mechanisms induced in response to energy restriction. The early onset of this effect (3 days, and the extent of decrease (approximately 19%) also suggest that the impact of VLCD on the muscle energy budget of the obese is more marked than usually assumed.
authors: Centre de Recerca en Nutrició i Ciència dels Aliments, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain.
authors: R
authors: R
authors: Vilà
authors: M L
authors: ML
authors: Granada
authors: R M
authors: RM
authors: Gutiérrez
authors: J A
authors: JA
authors: Fernández-López
authors: X
authors: X
authors: Remesar
authors: X
authors: X
authors: Formiguera
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Foz
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Alemany
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000596:Amino Acids / Q000097:blood; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003404:Creatinine / Q000652:urine; D004038:Diet, Reducing; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007700:Kinetics; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000652:urine*; D009767:Obesity, Morbid / Q000178:diet therapy / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000652:urine; D014508:Urea / Q000652:urine
chemical_list: D000596:Amino Acids; D014508:Urea; D003404:Creatinine; D009584:Nitrogen