title: Influencing micropropagation and somatic embryogenesis in mature trees by manipulation of phase change, stress and culture environment.
abstract: This review focuses on clonal propagation of mature trees by tissue culture. Most trees have marked phase changes that result in a decline in their potential for somatic embryogenesis or micropropagation. By altering conditions of the source material ex vitro, or by changing in vitro conditions encountered by the explant, rejuvenation and increased propagation can sometimes be accomplished. Various methods of enhancing micropropagation are reviewed, with particular emphasis on manipulations that involve application of osmotic, temperature or hormonal stress.
authors: Graduate Centre for Forest Biology, Department of Biology, University of Victoria, BC, Canada.
authors: P
authors: P
authors: von Aderkas
authors: J M
authors: JM
authors: Bonga
mesh_terms: D003470:Culture Media; D046508:Culture Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D019175:DNA Methylation; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D018519:Meristem / Q000254:growth & development; D012639:Seeds / Q000254:growth & development; D014197:Trees / Q000254:growth & development*
chemical_list: D003470:Culture Media