title: Acid exposure stimulates the adherence of Streptococcus pneumoniae to cultured human airway epithelial cells: effects on platelet-activating factor receptor expression.
abstract: To examine the effects of acid exposure on the adherence of Streptococcus pneumoniae to cultured human tracheal epithelial cells, cells were exposed to acid at various pH levels, and various concentrations of S. pneumoniae were added to the culture medium. The number of S. pneumoniae adhering to cultured human tracheal epithelial cells increased after acid exposure. Y-24180, a specific inhibitor of the receptor for the platelet-activating factor (PAF) and PAF itself decreased the number of S. pneumoniae adhering to cultured human tracheal epithelial cells after acid exposure. Acid exposure increased the activation of transcription factor nuclear factor (NF)-kappa B and the expression of protein and messenger RNA (mRNA) of the PAF receptor. The pyrrolidine derivative of dithiocarbamate (PDTC), an inhibitor of NF-kappa B, also decreased the number of S. pneumoniae adhering to the cultured human tracheal epithelial cells after acid exposure. Acid exposure increased the content of interleukin (IL)-1 alpha and IL-1 beta in the culture supernatants, but monoclonal antibodies to IL-1 alpha and IL-1 beta failed to inhibit the increased number of S. pneumoniae adhering to cultured human tracheal epithelial cells after acid exposure. These findings suggest that acid exposure stimulates the adherence of S. pneumoniae to the airway epithelial cells via increases in PAF receptors. Increases in PAF receptor expression may be, in part, mediated via activation of transcription factors and subsequent PAF receptor mRNA expression by acid exposure. Increased adherence of S. pneumoniae may be one of the reasons why pneumonia develops after gastric juice aspiration.
authors: Department of Geriatric and Respiratory Medicine, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Ishizuka
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Yamaya
authors: T
authors: T
authors: Suzuki
authors: K
authors: K
authors: Nakayama
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Kamanaka
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Ida
authors: K
authors: K
authors: Sekizawa
authors: H
authors: H
authors: Sasaki
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000906:Antibodies / Q000494:pharmacology; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology; D001381:Azepines / Q000494:pharmacology; D001422:Bacterial Adhesion / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000382:microbiology*; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D006851:Hydrochloric Acid / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000276:immunology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D009500:Neutralization Tests; D010972:Platelet Activating Factor / Q000494:pharmacology; D010980:Platelet Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000235:genetics*; D011008:Pneumococcal Infections / Q000378:metabolism*; D011015:Pneumonia, Aspiration / Q000378:metabolism; D011759:Pyrrolidines / Q000494:pharmacology; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; D043562:Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled; D013296:Streptococcus pneumoniae / Q000378:metabolism*; D013859:Thiocarbamates / Q000494:pharmacology; D014132:Trachea / Q000166:cytology; D014230:Triazoles / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000906:Antibodies; D000975:Antioxidants; D001381:Azepines; D007375:Interleukin-1; D016328:NF-kappa B; D010972:Platelet Activating Factor; D010980:Platelet Membrane Glycoproteins; D011759:Pyrrolidines; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; D043562:Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled; D013859:Thiocarbamates; D014230:Triazoles; C039351:platelet activating factor receptor; C068035:4-(2-chlorophenyl)-2-(2-(4-isobutylphenyl)ethyl)-6,9-dimethyl-6H-thieno(3,2-f)(1,2,4)triazolo(4,3-a)(1,4)diazepine; C020972:pyrrolidine dithiocarbamic acid; D006851:Hydrochloric Acid