title: Efficacy of pulmonary vein isolation for the elimination of chronic atrial fibrillation in cardiac valvular surgery.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Haissaguerre and colleagues emphasize the importance of the pulmonary veins as a source of ectopic foci for initiating paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (AF). We hypothesized that ectopic foci from the pulmonary veins could also act as drivers for maintaining chronic AF, and that surgical ablation of the pulmonary vein orifices could terminate chronic AF.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using a computerized 48-channel mapping system, we performed intraoperative atrial mapping in 12 patients with chronic AF associated with mitral valve disease. Patient age ranged from 24 to 82 years (mean, 60.4 years). AF duration ranged from 3 to 240 months (mean, 92+/-84 months). Simple surgical isolation of the pulmonary vein orifices was performed during the mitral valve operation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Regular and repetitive activation was found in the left atria of 9 out of 12 patients, and irregular and chaotic activation was found in both atria of 3 out of 12 patients. Chronic AF in the 9 patients (75%) with regular and repetitive activation of their left atria was successfully treated by a simple surgical isolation of the pulmonary vein orifices. The other 3 patients did not recover sinus rhythm after this procedure. In 1 case of recurrent AF, the patient recovered sinus rhythm during the follow-up period (AF-free rate, 83%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Surgical ablation of the pulmonary vein orifices was effective in the treatment of chronic AF associated with mitral valve disease. Intraoperative mapping may be useful in predicting the efficacy of a single pulmonary vein orifice isolation procedure.
authors: First Department of Surgery, Hiroshima University School of Medicine, Japan. sueda@mcai.med.hiroshima-u.ac.jp
authors: T
authors: T
authors: Sueda
authors: K
authors: K
authors: Imai
authors: O
authors: O
authors: Ishii
authors: K
authors: K
authors: Orihashi
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Watari
authors: K
authors: K
authors: Okada
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001281:Atrial Fibrillation / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000517:prevention & control*; D002908:Chronic Disease; D005260:Female; D019918:Heart Valve Prosthesis Implantation / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D007431:Intraoperative Complications / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008944:Mitral Valve Insufficiency / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery*; D008946:Mitral Valve Stenosis / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery*; D016343:Monitoring, Intraoperative / Q000379:methods; D011379:Prognosis; D011667:Pulmonary Veins / Q000601:surgery*; D016896:Treatment Outcome