title: Assessment of the antimalarial potential of tetraoxane WR 148999.
abstract: The antimalarial peroxide, dispiro-1,2,4,5-tetraoxane WR 148999, was synergistic with chloroquine, quinine, mefloquine, and artemisinin against both D6 and W2 clones of Plasmodium falciparum. In consideration of the contrasting antagonism between artemisinin and chloroquine, these drug combination data imply that WR 148999 and artemisinin may not share a common mechanism of action. For Plasmodium berghei-infected mice given oral, subcutaneous, and intraperitoneal doses of WR 148999 ranging from 2 to 1024 mg/kg in the Thompson test, median survival times were 8.8, 11.8, and 27.5 days, respectively, compared to 8 days for control animals. Using subcutaneous administration, WR 148999 had a considerably longer duration of action than did artemisinin against P. berghei. WR 148999 did not significantly inhibit cytochrome P450 isozymes CYP 2C9, 2C19, 2D6, 2E1, or 3A4 (IC50 >500 microM) but did inhibit CYP 1A2 with an IC50 value of 36 microM, suggesting that WR 148999 may be metabolized by the latter CYP isozyme. These results combined with previous observations that formulation strategies and incorporation of polar functional groups in a series of WR 148999 analogs both failed to enhance tetraoxane oral antimalarial activity suggest that oral bioavailability of tetraoxane WR 148999 is more likely a function of extensive first-pass metabolism rather than solubility-limited dissolution.
authors: College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha 68198-6025, USA.
authors: J L
authors: JL
authors: Vennerstrom
authors: A L
authors: AL
authors: Ager
authors: S L
authors: SL
authors: Andersen
authors: J M
authors: JM
authors: Grace
authors: V
authors: V
authors: Wongpanich
authors: C K
authors: CK
authors: Angerhofer
authors: J K
authors: JK
authors: Hu
authors: D L
authors: DL
authors: Wesche
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000962:Antimalarials / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D037621:Artemisinins; D002738:Chloroquine / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D065607:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme Inhibitors; D004347:Drug Interactions; D004351:Drug Resistance; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000469:parasitology; D006801:Humans; D007783:Lactones / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008288:Malaria / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000469:parasitology; D016778:Malaria, Falciparum / Q000469:parasitology; D051379:Mice; D010962:Plasmodium berghei / Q000187:drug effects*; D010963:Plasmodium falciparum / Q000187:drug effects*; D012717:Sesquiterpenes / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013141:Spiro Compounds / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D045568:Tetraoxanes
chemical_list: D000962:Antimalarials; D037621:Artemisinins; D065607:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme Inhibitors; D007783:Lactones; D012717:Sesquiterpenes; D013141:Spiro Compounds; D045568:Tetraoxanes; C423762:dispiro-1,2,4,5-tetroxane; D002738:Chloroquine; C075875:artemisin