title: Comparison of the effects of risperidone and haloperidol on regional cerebral blood flow in schizophrenia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Atypical antipsychotics, such as risperidone, have been shown to be more effective for the treatment of the symptoms of schizophrenia and have a greater beneficial effect on neurocognition compared to the conventional antipsychotics. The present study used [(15)O]H(2)O positron emission tomography imaging of regional cerebral blood flow to examine and compare the effects of haloperidol and risperidone on brain function.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-two subjects with schizophrenia participated in the study. Each subject was scanned in a medication-free state, and after being on a stable clinically assigned dose of either risperidone or haloperidol for 3 weeks. The off-medication scan was subtracted from the on-medication scan, using a within-subjects design. A randomization analysis was used to determine differences between the effects of haloperidol and risperidone on regional cerebral blood flow.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Haloperidol was associated with a significantly greater increase in regional cerebral blood flow in the left putamen and posterior cingulate, and a significantly greater decrease in regional cerebral blood flow in frontal regions compared to risperidone. Risperidone was associated with a significantly greater decrease in regional cerebral blood flow in the cerebellum bilaterally compared to haloperidol.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results show that risperidone and haloperidol have significantly different effects on brain function, which may be related to their differences in efficacy and side effects. Further work is required to more precisely determine the mechanisms by which different antipsychotic medications exert their therapeutic effects on the clinical symptoms and cognition in schizophrenia. These findings emphasize the importance of controlling for both medication status and the individual antipsychotic in neuroimaging studies.
authors: The Mental Health Clinical Research Center--Major Psychoses, Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa, 200 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
authors: D D
authors: DD
authors: Miller
authors: N C
authors: NC
authors: Andreasen
authors: D S
authors: DS
authors: O'Leary
authors: G L
authors: GL
authors: Watkins
authors: L L
authors: LL
authors: Boles Ponto
authors: R D
authors: RD
authors: Hichwa
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001921:Brain / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D002560:Cerebrovascular Circulation / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006220:Haloperidol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D018967:Risperidone / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000188:drug therapy*; D014055:Tomography, Emission-Computed
chemical_list: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents; D006220:Haloperidol; D018967:Risperidone