title: Foot problems in patients with systemic sclerosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the nature of the foot problems experienced in patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc) and patient awareness of such problems.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty unselected patients (42 females, eight males) with SSc were assessed by means of examination by a senior podiatrist, completion of a questionnaire detailing past and present foot problems, determination of random plasma glucose, plain X-rays of the feet, and measurement of the ankle/brachial index and of digital pulses by Doppler ultrasound.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eighty-six per cent of patients reported colour changes in their feet in response to temperature changes, 82% reported pain usually related to cold, 26% had suffered foot ulceration and 8% had a history of foot surgery. Podiatry assessment confirmed the presence of significant abnormalities, including ulcerations in 10%, pre-ulcerative lesions in 34%, toenail changes in 62%, callus formation in 80% and calcinosis in 18%. Forty per cent of the patients had problems with the fitting of shoes, and 19% had been provided with footwear from the hospital. Plain films of the feet demonstrated the presence of erosions in 6%, soft-tissue calcification in 17%, osteopenia in 26% and degenerative changes in 60% of cases. Ten per cent of the patients had an abnormal ankle brachial index (less than 1.0). Only 21% of the 47 patients in whom digital pulses were examined had normal pulses in all toes, and in 26% all toe pulses were absent.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although problems with the hands are well recognized in SSc, foot problems also occur in the majority of patients, and can be a cause of major disability. Care of the feet is therefore an important part of the management of SSC.
authors: University of Manchester Rheumatic Diseases Centre, Hope Hospital, Salford M6 8HD, UK.
authors: H
authors: H
authors: Sari-Kouzel
authors: C E
authors: CE
authors: Hutchinson
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Middleton
authors: F
authors: F
authors: Webb
authors: T
authors: T
authors: Moore
authors: K
authors: K
authors: Griffin
authors: A L
authors: AL
authors: Herrick
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000842:Ankle / Q000098:blood supply; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D005534:Foot Diseases / Q000209:etiology* / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012595:Scleroderma, Systemic / Q000150:complications*