title: Mycophenolate mofetil in pediatric renal transplantation without induction therapy: results after 12 months of treatment. German Pediatric Renal Transplantation Study Group.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Acute rejection episodes (ARE) of kidney transplants are considered as risk factor in the development of chronic rejection. In adult renal transplantation (RTx), ARE have been significantly reduced by mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) in combination with cyclosporin (CyA) and steroids (Pred). Reports of pediatric RTx on a maintenance immunosuppression with MMF are restricted to patients (P) after antibody induction therapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  The efficacy and safety of MMF combined with CyA and Pred in pediatric RTx without induction therapy were evaluated in an open-labeled multicenter study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  From 10/1996 to 6/1999, 65 pediatric P (MMF group) were followed for at least 6 months, 58 of 65 for 12 months. These P were compared with 54 retrospectively analyzed pediatric P who were transplanted between 1990 and 1996 and had received CyA, Pred, and azathioprine for immunosuppression (historic AZA group). Within the first 6 months after RTx, 18 of 65 (MMF group) and 32 of 54 (historic AZA group) P showed clinical signs of acute rejection (P<0.01). Thereafter only one further P in the MMF group developed a first ARE. Graft loss due to rejection occurred in one MMF- and seven AZA-treated P (P<0.05). The creatinine-clearance 3 and 6 months after RTx was higher in the MMF group. Major adverse events (MMF group) included infections of the urinary and the upper respiratory tract, diarrhea, and leukopenia. Cytomegalovirus-infection occurred in 13 P and 2 P developed cytomegalovirus disease. One P developed PTLD 10 months after RTx and recovered after the reduction of immunosuppression.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The combination of MMF, CyA, and Pred reduced ARE in pediatric RTx without incurring major side effects.
authors: Kinderklinik and Transplantationschirurgie of the Albert-Ludwigs-Universität, Freiburg, Germany.
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Staskewitz
authors: G
authors: G
authors: Kirste
authors: B
authors: B
authors: Tönshoff
authors: L T
authors: LT
authors: Weber
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Böswald
authors: R
authors: R
authors: Burghard
authors: U
authors: U
authors: Helmchen
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Brandis
authors: L B
authors: LB
authors: Zimmerhackl
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D016572:Cyclosporine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006084:Graft Rejection / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015994:Incidence; D007668:Kidney / Q000503:physiopathology; D016030:Kidney Transplantation; D008297:Male; D009173:Mycophenolic Acid / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D009894:Opportunistic Infections / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000453:epidemiology; D010352:Patient Dropouts; D011241:Prednisone / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016019:Survival Analysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D005938:Glucocorticoids; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D016572:Cyclosporine; D009173:Mycophenolic Acid; D011241:Prednisone