title: Emergency airway management by non-anaesthesia house officers--a comparison of three strategies.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to determine effects of different airway devices and tidal volumes on lung ventilation and gastric inflation in an unprotected airway.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty one non-anaesthesia house officers volunteered for the study, and ventilated a bench model simulating an unintubated respiratory arrest patient with bag-valve-facemask, laryngeal mask airway, and combitube using paediatric and adult self inflating bags.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The paediatric versus adult self inflating bag resulted with the laryngeal mask airway and combitube in significantly (p<0.001) lower mean (SEM) lung tidal volumes (376 (30) v 653 (47) ml, and 368 (28) v 727 (53) ml, respectively). Gastric inflation was zero with the combitube; and 0 (0) v 8 (3) ml with the laryngeal mask airway with low versus large tidal volumes. The paediatric versus adult self inflating bag with the bag-valve-facemask resulted in comparable lung tidal volumes (245 (19) v 271 (33) ml; p=NS); but significantly (p<0.001) lower gastric tidal volume (149 (11) v 272 (24) ml).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The paediatric self inflating bag may be an option to reduce the risk of gastric inflation when using the laryngeal mask airway, and especially, the bag-valve-facemask. Both the laryngeal mask airway and combitube proved to be valid alternatives for the bag-valve-facemask in this experimental model.
authors: Department of Anaesthesiology, Medical University of Lübeck, Germany. v.doerges@t-online.de
authors: V
authors: V
authors: Dörges
authors: H
authors: H
authors: Ocker
authors: V
authors: V
authors: Wenzel
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Sauer
authors: P
authors: P
authors: Schmucker
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D002983:Clinical Competence; D004632:Emergency Medical Services; D004867:Equipment Design; D005260:Female; D006323:Heart Arrest / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D007442:Intubation, Intratracheal; D017214:Laryngeal Masks; D008297:Male; D008397:Masks; D008505:Medical Staff, Hospital; D012151:Resuscitation; D013990:Tidal Volume / Q000502:physiology; D013996:Time and Motion Studies