title: Isolation and characterization of Sarcocystis from brain tissue of a free-living southern sea otter (Enhydra lutris nereis) with fatal meningoencephalitis.
abstract: A protozoan was isolated in cell culture from the brain of a free-ranging sea otter with fatal meningoencephalitis. The biological history of this otter, a study animal being monitored via an intraperitoneal radio transmitter, is summarized. Histologically, protozoal parasites were associated with areas of brain inflammation and necrosis in the cerebrum and cerebellum. Morphology and measurements of fixed, Giemsa-stained protozoal zoites growing on coverslips were consistent with Sarcocystis. These parasites reacted only with polyclonal antisera raised against S. neurona on immunohistochemistry. Cell culture-derived zoites reacted strongly with polyclonal antiserum to S. neurona on indirect fluorescent antibody tests. Amplification of portions of the 18S ribosomal DNA and the adjacent first internal transcribed spacer were performed. The resulting sequences were compared with published sequences from similar apicomplexan protozoa. This isolate (SO SN1), was indistinguishable from S. neurona, based on parasite morphology, antigenic reactivity and molecular characterization.
authors: Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis 95616-8739, USA.
authors: M A
authors: MA
authors: Miller
authors: P R
authors: PR
authors: Crosbie
authors: K
authors: K
authors: Sverlow
authors: K
authors: K
authors: Hanni
authors: B C
authors: BC
authors: Barr
authors: N
authors: N
authors: Kock
authors: M J
authors: MJ
authors: Murray
authors: L J
authors: LJ
authors: Lowenstine
authors: P A
authors: PA
authors: Conrad
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000835:Animals, Wild; D001921:Brain / Q000469:parasitology*; D016054:DNA, Protozoan / Q000032:analysis; D017809:Fatal Outcome; D019084:Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect / Q000662:veterinary; D008297:Male; D008590:Meningoencephalitis / Q000469:parasitology*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010041:Otters / Q000469:parasitology*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000662:veterinary; D012522:Sarcocystis / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D012523:Sarcocystosis / Q000662:veterinary*
chemical_list: D016054:DNA, Protozoan