title: Recombinant bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein attenuates the systemic inflammatory response syndrome in lower limb ischemia-reperfusion injury.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Hind limb ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury increases gut permeability, and resultant endotoxemia is associated with an amplified systemic inflammatory response syndrome leading to multiple organ dysfunction syndrome. We studied the potential role of recombinant bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein (rBPI(21) ), a novel antiendotoxin therapy, in modulating endotoxin-enhanced systemic inflammatory response syndrome in hind limb I/R injury.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this prospective, randomized, controlled, experimental animal study, 48 male Wistar rats, weighing 300 to 350 g, were randomized to a control group (sham) and five groups undergoing 3 hours bilateral hind limb ischemia with 2 hours reperfusion (I/R) (n = 8 per group). The control and untreated I/R groups received thaumatin, a control-protein preparation, at 2 mg/kg. Treatment groups were administered rBPI(21) intravenously at 1, 2, or 4 mg/kg body weight at the beginning of reperfusion; an additional group was administered rBPI(21) intravenously at 2 mg/kg after 1 hour of reperfusion. Plasma interleukin-6 concentration was estimated by bioassay as a measure of systemic inflammation. Plasma endotoxin concentration was determined by use of an amebocyte lysate chromogenic assay. Crossreactive immunoglobulin G and M antibodies to the highly conserved inner core region of endotoxin were measured by use of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The lung tissue wet-to-dry weight ratio and myeloperoxidase concentration were used as markers of edema and neutrophil sequestration, respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  I/R provoked highly significant elevation in plasma interleukin-6 concentrations (1351.20 pg/mL [860.16 - 1886.40 pg/mL]) compared with controls (125.32 pg/mL [87.76-157.52 pg/mL; P <.0001]), but treatment with rBPI(21) 2 mg/kg at onset of reperfusion (715.89 pg/mL [573.36-847.76 pg/mL]) significantly decreased interleukin-6 response compared with the nontreatment group ( P <.016). I/R increased plasma endotoxin concentrations significantly (21.52 pg/mL [6.20-48.23 pg/mL]), compared with control animals (0.90 pg/mL [0.00-2.30 pg/mL; P <.0001]), and treatment with rBPI(21) 4 mg/kg at reperfusion significantly decreased endotoxemia (1.30 pg/mL [1.20-2.20 pg/mL]), compared with the untreated group ( P <.001). The lung tissue myeloperoxidase level was significantly increased in the untreated I/R group (208.18% [128.79%-221.81%]), compared with in controls (62.00% [40.45%-80.92%; P <.0001]), and attenuated in those treated with rBPI(21) 2 mg/kg (129.54% [90.49%-145.78%; P <.05]). Data represent median and interquartile range, comparisons made with the nonparametric Mann-Whitney U test.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings show that hind limb ischemia-reperfusion injury is associated with endotoxemia, elevations in plasma interleukin-6, and pulmonary leukosequestration. Treatment with rBPI(21) after ischemia reduces endotoxemia, the interleukin-6 response, and attenuates pulmonary leukosequestration in response to hind limb reperfusion injury.
authors: Department of Surgery, The Queen's University of Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK.
authors: D W
authors: DW
authors: Harkin
authors: A A
authors: AA
authors: Barros D'Sa
authors: M M
authors: MM
authors: Yassin
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Hoper
authors: M I
authors: MI
authors: Halliday
authors: T G
authors: TG
authors: Parks
authors: F C
authors: FC
authors: Campbell
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D023181:Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides; D001798:Blood Proteins / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004731:Endotoxins / Q000097:blood; D006614:Hindlimb / Q000098:blood supply*; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood; D008168:Lung / Q000737:chemistry / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D009195:Peroxidase / Q000032:analysis; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D018746:Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome / Q000150:complications*
chemical_list: D023181:Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides; D001798:Blood Proteins; D004731:Endotoxins; D015850:Interleukin-6; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; C021623:bactericidal permeability increasing protein; D009195:Peroxidase