title: Nosocomial pneumonia in medical intensive care unit.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study was undertaken to determine incidence, clinical features, microbiological flora and prognosis of patients with nosocomial pneumonia (NP) in medical intensive care unit (ICU). Also to study impact of comorbid illnesses, intubation and mechanical ventilation on outcome.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this prospective study over a period of one year 89 patients were detected to have nosocomial pneumonia amongst 948 total admissions in ICU. All these 89 patients were investigated radiologically, microbiologically and biochemically. Mortality in these patients was correlated with various factors using chi-square test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Incidence of NP was 9.38%. Enteric gram-negative organisms were commonest isolates (61.9%), followed by Staph aureus (29.8%). Sixty five (73%) patients had severe pneumonia, 47 (52.8%) required intubation and 42 (47.2%) mechanical ventilation. Total mortality was 19 out of 89 (21.3%). High mortality was associated with habits like smoking (33.3%), age group over 60 years (27.3%), presence of comorbid illness like DM and COAD (38.5%), complications like ARDS (61.3%, p < 0.001) or sepsis with end organ failure (73.7%, p < 0.001) and need of intubation (36.2%) or mechanical ventilation (40.5%, p < 0.005).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Nosocomial pneumonias constitute important problem in medical ICU and are associated with high mortality. Patients with advanced age, co-morbid illness, ARDS and end organ failure are at high risk for mortality. However with intensive supportive care and appropriate antibiotics many such lives can be saved.
authors: Department of Medicine and Intensive Care Unit, Lokmanya Tilak Municipal Medical College and General Hospital, Sion, Mumbai 22.
authors: T H
authors: TH
authors: Trivedi
authors: S B
authors: SB
authors: Shejale
authors: M E
authors: ME
authors: Yeolekar
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D003428:Cross Infection / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007194:India / Q000453:epidemiology; D007362:Intensive Care Units / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011014:Pneumonia / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D017678:Sex Distribution; D015996:Survival Rate
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents