title: TPN decreases IL-4 and IL-10 mRNA expression in lipopolysaccharide stimulated intestinal lamina propria cells but glutamine supplementation preserves the expression.
abstract: Total parenteral nutrition (TPN) decreases intestinal IgA and levels of Th2 cytokines, interleukin (IL)-4, and IL-10 within the supernatants of intestinal homogenates. These cytokines are known to stimulate IgA production in vitro by cells of the gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT). Glutamine (GLN) supplementation of TPN normalizes GALT mass and cytokine levels. Because intestinal homogenates contain mucosa which itself is a source of cytokines, it was unclear whether cytokines change within the GALT itself. This study investigates dietary effects on IL-4 and IL-10 cytokine mRNA expression within isolated GALT lamina propria cells after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation. Prospective randomized experimental trials were used in this study. Fifty-nine mice were randomized to chow, intravenous TPN (IV-TPN), intragastric TPN (IG-TPN), complex enteral diet (CED), or 2% GLN-supplemented TPN (GLN-TPN). In experiment 1, animals were fed chow, IV-TPN, IG-TPN, or CED for 5 days and received intraperitoneal LPS (100 microg/kg BW), and then were sacrificed 1 h later. Intestine was harvested for GALT lamina propria. Total RNA was extracted from lamina propria cells and cytokine mRNA for IL-4, and IL-10 was measured by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. IgA levels of intestinal washing were also measured with ELISA. In experiment 2, mRNA for IL-4 and IL-10, and intestinal IgA levels were measured in mice fed chow, IV-TPN, or GLN-TPN as in experiment 1. Both IL-4 and IL-10 mRNA expression decreased significantly in IV-TPN mice compared to chow or CED feeding. IG-TPN resulted in IL-10 mRNA expression significantly lower than chow or CED but significantly better than IV-TPN. GLN preserved IL-4 and IL-10 mRNA levels, which correlated with intestinal IgA levels. Route and type of nutrition as well as GLN influence message for the Th2 type IgA-stimulating cytokines, IL-4 and IL-10, within the primary site of GALT IgA production, the lamina propria.
authors: The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis 38163, USA.
authors: K
authors: K
authors: Fukatsu
authors: K A
authors: KA
authors: Kudsk
authors: B L
authors: BL
authors: Zarzaur
authors: Y
authors: Y
authors: Wu
authors: M K
authors: MK
authors: Hanna
authors: R C
authors: RC
authors: DeWitt
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed; D000818:Animals; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005774:Gastrostomy; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D005973:Glutamine / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007070:Immunoglobulin A / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics*; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics*; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D007421:Intestine, Small / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D007813:Laparotomy; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008221:Lymphoid Tissue / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D010289:Parenteral Nutrition, Total / Q000009:adverse effects*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D015431:Weight Loss
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D007070:Immunoglobulin A; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D005973:Glutamine; D016753:Interleukin-10; D015847:Interleukin-4