title: Electron microscopic immunocytochemical detection of PSD-95, PSD-93, SAP-102, and SAP-97 at postsynaptic, presynaptic, and nonsynaptic sites of adult and neonatal rat visual cortex.
abstract: Membrane-associated guanylate kinases (MAGUKs) assemble protein complexes at sites of cell-cell contact. At excitatory synapses in brain, MAGUKs localize to the postsynaptic density (PSD) and interact with N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) glutamate receptors and downstream signaling proteins. However, NMDA receptors are not restricted to the PSDs, as electron microscopic immunocytochemical (EM-ICC) results indicate that NMDA receptors also occur at nonsynaptic portions of dendrites, perhaps functioning as reserves for rapid insertion into synaptic membranes in response to appropriate synaptic activity. NMDA receptors also occur in axons, at least in part to support glutamate-dependent enhancement of transmitter release. In this study, a systematic EM-ICC survey was performed to determine whether the distributions of four neuronal MAGUKs-PSD-95, PSD-93, SAP-102, and SAP-97-resemble that of NMDA receptors. Quantitative analysis revealed that the density of PSD-95 over thick PSDs of asymmetric axo-spinous synaptic junctions is 2-3-fold the level in the immediately adjacent cytoplasm of spines and terminals, while symmetric synapses show no association with PSD-95. Similarly, all four MAGUKs occur over PSDs of spines. However, we also detected MAGUK immunoreactivity, albeit more diffusely, along presynaptic membranes and in the cytoplasm of axons and dendritic shafts. In fact, the overall distribution of PSD-95 within the neuropil is equally prevalent along plasma membranes (including synaptic portions) as in the cytoplasm, away from plasma membranes. These results suggest that MAGUKs have dual roles: to maintain receptors at synapses and to regulate shuttling of receptors between nonsynaptic and synaptic sites.
authors: Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, New York 10003, USA. chiye@cns.nyu.edu
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Aoki
authors: I
authors: I
authors: Miko
authors: H
authors: H
authors: Oviedo
authors: T
authors: T
authors: Mikeladze-Dvali
authors: L
authors: L
authors: Alexandre
authors: N
authors: N
authors: Sweeney
authors: D S
authors: DS
authors: Bredt
mesh_terms: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D000367:Age Factors; D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D000918:Antibody Specificity; D003712:Dendrites / Q000737:chemistry / Q000648:ultrastructure; D000076122:Disks Large Homolog 4 Protein; D051528:Guanylate Kinases; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D008854:Microscopy, Electron; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D009457:Neuroglia / Q000737:chemistry / Q000648:ultrastructure; D009479:Neuropeptides / Q000032:analysis; D009703:Nucleoside-Phosphate Kinase / Q000032:analysis*; D017729:Presynaptic Terminals / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D017966:Pyramidal Cells / Q000737:chemistry / Q000166:cytology; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D016194:Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate / Q000378:metabolism; D013570:Synaptic Membranes / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D014793:Visual Cortex / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000648:ultrastructure*
chemical_list: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D000076122:Disks Large Homolog 4 Protein; C501119:Dlg1 protein, rat; C101195:Dlg3 protein, rat; C501449:Dlg4 protein, rat; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D008565:Membrane Proteins; C501451:Mpp2 protein, rat; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D009479:Neuropeptides; D016194:Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; C033652:postsynaptic density proteins; D009703:Nucleoside-Phosphate Kinase; D051528:Guanylate Kinases