title: An experimental evaluation of continuous cardiotomy reservoir ultrafiltration.
abstract: Ultrafiltration has been suggested as a means to reduce the morbidity associated with blood activation. However, the application of ultrafiltration to the highly activated blood of the cardiotomy suction subcircuit has not been investigated. The purpose of this study was to determine whether cardiotomy reservoir ultrafiltration (CRUF) would be effective in altering cytokine levels. Six swine, undergoing 90 min of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), were divided into two groups; one group was assigned to receive CRUF (N = 3), the other was to serve as controls and did not receive ultrafiltration (N = 3). Blood samples were analyzed for hematocrit, plasma-free hemoglobin, total protein, interleukin-8 (IL-8), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha). Samples were taken pre-bypass, postheparinization, every 30 min during CPB, post-CPB and postprotamine. All data were analyzed using a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), with significance accepted at p < .05. There were no significant differences found between treatment and control groups for plasma-free hemoglobin levels (22.4 +/- 22.2 vs. 14.6 +/- 14.4; 40.1 +/- 26.1 vs. 40.0 +/- 19.3). After 90 min of ultrafiltration, there was a significant decrease in TNF-alpha (261.6 +/- 119.6 vs. 71.8 +/- 11.4; p = .02). Although IL-8 levels decreased from throughout the experiment, concentrations did not reach statistical significance. In conclusion, CRUF can be used without increasing cellular destruction, and can decrease certain cytokine levels. Our results suggest that further clinical studies should be undertaken utilizing this technique with a larger sample size.
authors: Division of Clinical Perfusion Education, School of Allied Health Professions, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, USA. niimik@mail.mmc.ors
authors: K S
authors: KS
authors: Niimi
authors: A H
authors: AH
authors: Stammers
authors: K D
authors: KD
authors: Tremain
authors: K R
authors: KR
authors: Glogowski
authors: C C
authors: CC
authors: Trowbridge
authors: M L
authors: ML
authors: Muhle
authors: T
authors: T
authors: Yang
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Jiang
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D002315:Cardiopulmonary Bypass / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D006400:Hematocrit; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000032:analysis; D006461:Hemolysis; D007249:Inflammation; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000097:blood; D013552:Swine; D013997:Time Factors; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism; D014462:Ultrafiltration / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D006454:Hemoglobins; D016209:Interleukin-8; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha