title: Ganciclovir and cidofovir treatment of cytomegalovirus-induced myocarditis in mice.
abstract: The cardiovascular disease myocarditis is characterized by inflammation and necrosis of cardiac muscle. This disease has been associated with various viral etiologies, including cytomegalovirus (CMV). Murine CMV (MCMV) infection of adult BALB/c mice produces a disease with acute and chronic phases similar to that found in humans. In our murine model, we have investigated the therapeutic efficacy of antiviral drug administration on myocarditis. Two drugs commonly used for CMV treatment, ganciclovir and cidofovir, were subjected to trials, with both drugs showing potent antiviral activity against MCMV both in vitro and in vivo. The acute phase of myocarditis was significantly reduced when antiviral therapy commenced 24 h postinfection. Such treatment also reduced the severity of the chronic phase of myocarditis. In contrast, antiviral treatment commencing after the acute phase had no effect on chronic myocarditis. Reinfection of mice with MCMV caused exacerbation of myocardial inflammation. Such an increase in severity of myocarditis could be prevented with either ganciclovir or cidofovir treatment, but the preexisting inflammation and necrosis of the myocardium persisted. These data highlight possible therapeutic uses of antiviral drugs in viral myocarditis as well as further elucidating the pathogenic nature of the disease.
authors: Division of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
authors: J C
authors: JC
authors: Lenzo
authors: G R
authors: GR
authors: Shellam
authors: C M
authors: CM
authors: Lawson
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000077404:Cidofovir; D003596:Cytosine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D015774:Ganciclovir / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006566:Herpesviridae Infections / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D018146:Muromegalovirus / Q000187:drug effects; D009205:Myocarditis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000821:virology; D063065:Organophosphonates; D009943:Organophosphorus Compounds / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D000998:Antiviral Agents; D063065:Organophosphonates; D009943:Organophosphorus Compounds; D003596:Cytosine; D000077404:Cidofovir; D015774:Ganciclovir