title: Differential effects of 15-deoxy-delta(12,14)-prostaglandin J2 and a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma agonist on macrophage activation.
abstract: Prostaglandin J2 metabolite 15-deoxy-delta(12,14)-prostaglandin J2 (15-PGJ2) appears to possess anti-inflammatory properties. Unlike other prostaglandins, it has no known plasma membrane receptor. Its effects have been thought to occur through activation of the nuclear peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma), but 15-PGJ2 may exhibit effects independent of PPARgamma. We hypothesized that 15-PGJ2 modulates macrophage (Mphi) mediator production by acting on cell signaling proteins upstream of PPARgamma. The effects of 15-PGJ2 on bacterial endotoxin LPS-induced rat peritoneal Mphi mediator production were compared with those of a specific PPARgamma agonist, BRL 49653 (BRL), and to the eicosanoids prostaglandin D2 (PGD2) and cicaprost (CICA, a prostacyclin analogue). 15-PGJ2 inhibited LPS-induced production of NO, TNF-alpha, and thromboxane B2 (TxB2). Equimolar concentrations of PGD2 and CICA significantly inhibited LPS-stimulated TNF-alpha but not NO, and CICA increased TxB2 production. BRL inhibited LPS-induced NO, but augmented LPS-induced TNF-alpha and TxB2. 15-PGJ2 also inhibited degradation of LPS-induced IkappaB alpha and phosphoactivation of ERK 1/2, but BRL had no significant effect on either protein. The cyclopentenone ring 2-cyclopenten-1-one also inhibited LPS-induced ERK 1/2 activation; however, neither 15-PGJ2 nor the cyclopentenone inhibited PMA-induced ERK 1/2 activation. Inhibition of LPS-stimulated mediator production by 15-PGJ2 differed from inhibition by PGD2, CICA, and BRL. The ability of 15-PGJ2 to inhibit LPS-induced Mphi mediator production and cell signaling may occur in part through reactivity of its cyclopentenone ring.
authors: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston USA.
authors: K
authors: K
authors: Guyton
authors: R
authors: R
authors: Bond
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Reilly
authors: G
authors: G
authors: Gilkeson
authors: P
authors: P
authors: Halushka
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Cook
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003517:Cyclopentanes / Q000494:pharmacology; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D011464:Epoprostenol / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D020672:I-kappa B Proteins; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology; D008262:Macrophage Activation / Q000187:drug effects*; D017737:Macrophages, Peritoneal / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1 / Q000378:metabolism; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D000072000:NF-KappaB Inhibitor alpha; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000096:biosynthesis; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000187:drug effects; D015230:Prostaglandin D2 / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011499:Protein Processing, Post-Translational / Q000187:drug effects; D051381:Rats; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear / Q000819:agonists*; D000077154:Rosiglitazone; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate / Q000494:pharmacology; D013844:Thiazoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D045162:Thiazolidinediones; D013929:Thromboxane B2 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000819:agonists*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000096:biosynthesis
chemical_list: C097240:15-deoxy-delta(12,14)-prostaglandin J2; D003517:Cyclopentanes; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D020672:I-kappa B Proteins; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; C000606206:Nfkbia protein, rat; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear; D013844:Thiazoles; D045162:Thiazolidinediones; D014157:Transcription Factors; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D000077154:Rosiglitazone; D000072000:NF-KappaB Inhibitor alpha; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D013929:Thromboxane B2; D011464:Epoprostenol; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; C043867:cicaprost; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate; C013905:cyclopentenone; D015230:Prostaglandin D2