title: Laser ablation of the pulmonary veins by using a fiberoptic balloon catheter: implications for treatment of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Focal sources of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation may be treatable by electrical isolation of the pulmonary veins from the left atrium. A new fiberoptic balloon catheter was tested as an alternative to radiofrequency catheter ablation for creation of circumferential thermal lesions at the pulmonary vein orifice.
  
  
  METHODS
  In vitro and in vivo experiments were conducted in canine hearts to demonstrate efficacy and optimize ablation dosimetry. Continuous-wave, 1.06-microm, Nd:YAG laser radiation was delivered radially through diffusing optical fiber tips enclosed in a balloon catheter. During in vivo studies, the catheter was placed at the pulmonary vein orifice through a left atrial appendage sheath under X-ray fluoroscopic guidance during an open-chest procedure. Additionally, circumferential lesions in the left atrial appendage were correlated with epicardial electrograms demonstrating elimination of electrical activity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The pulmonary veins were successfully ablated by using laser powers of 30--50 W and irradiation times of 60--90 seconds. Transmural, continuous, and circumferential lesions were produced in the pulmonary veins in a single application without evidence of tissue vaporization or endothelial disruption.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Laser ablation by using a fiberoptic balloon catheter may represent a promising alternative to radiofrequency catheter ablation for electrical isolation of the pulmonary veins from the left atrium during treatment of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. Further development and testing of the fiberoptic catheter is warranted for possible clinical studies.
authors: Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA. nfried@bme.jhu.edu
authors: N M
authors: NM
authors: Fried
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Tsitlik
authors: K C
authors: KC
authors: Rent
authors: R D
authors: RD
authors: Berger
authors: A C
authors: AC
authors: Lardo
authors: H
authors: H
authors: Calkins
authors: H R
authors: HR
authors: Halperin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001281:Atrial Fibrillation / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery; D017115:Catheter Ablation / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D046508:Culture Techniques; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004285:Dogs; D004307:Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation; D004562:Electrocardiography; D005336:Fiber Optic Technology; D053685:Laser Therapy; D009354:Neodymium; D055100:Optical Fibers; D011667:Pulmonary Veins / Q000601:surgery*; D012016:Reference Values; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013614:Tachycardia, Paroxysmal / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery*
chemical_list: D009354:Neodymium