title: Intravascular sonotherapy decreases neointimal hyperplasia after stent implantation in swine.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Intimal hyperplasia and subsequent in-stent restenosis remain a major limitation after stent implantation. In vitro cell culture studies show that low-frequency, noncavitational ultrasound energy may impact smooth muscle cell proliferation. Accordingly, we assessed the efficacy of intravascular sonotherapy treatment on intimal hyperplasia in a swine stent model.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After balloon injury, biliary stents (Johnson & Johnson) were implanted in the femoral arteries of 14 swine. A total of 48 stented sites were randomized to sonotherapy or sham treatment using a custom-built, 8-French catheter intravascular sonotherapy system (URX, PharmaSonics Inc). After stent deployment, ultrasound energy (700 KHz) was applied to the treatment group for up to 5 minutes. Smooth muscle cell proliferation was assessed using bromodeoxyuridine histology preparation (BrdU) at 7 days in 28 stented sites. At 28 days, the neointimal thickness and the ratio of neointimal/stent area (percent stenosis) was calculated by histomorphometric quantification in 20 stented sites. At 7 days, percent of BrdU staining was significantly reduced in the sonotherapy group compared with the sham group (24.1+/-7.0% versus 31.2+/-3.0%, P<0.05). At 28 days, percent stenosis was significantly less in the sonotherapy group than in the sham group (36+/-24% versus 44+/-27%, P<0.05), and the mean neointimal thickness in the sonotherapy group was less than in the sham group (417+/-461 micrometer versus 643+/-869 micrometer, P=0.06).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this swine peripheral model, intravascular sonotherapy seemed to decelerate cellular proliferation and decrease in-stent hyperplasia. Therefore, intravascular sonotherapy may be an effective form of nonionizing energy to reduce in-stent restenosis.
authors: Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, California, USA.
authors: P J
authors: PJ
authors: Fitzgerald
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Takagi
authors: M P
authors: MP
authors: Moore
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Hayase
authors: F D
authors: FD
authors: Kolodgie
authors: D
authors: D
authors: Corl
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Nassi
authors: R
authors: R
authors: Virmani
authors: P G
authors: PG
authors: Yock
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002455:Cell Division; D005263:Femoral Artery / Q000473:pathology; D006965:Hyperplasia / Q000628:therapy; D015607:Stents; D013552:Swine; D017539:Tunica Intima / Q000473:pathology*; D014464:Ultrasonic Therapy; D014652:Vascular Diseases / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy