title: Fluoride levels in breast milk and infant foods.
abstract: The aim of the present study is to determine the fluoride concentrations of breast milk, several milk formulations, cow's milk and yogurt shake in a nonfluoridated area, in order to estimate the fluoride intake of infants and evaluate fluoride supplementation suggestions. Breast milk samples were collected from 57 lactating mothers. Ten brands of milk formulations, 9 different brands of cow's milk and 3 brands of yogurt shake were purchased from the market. Fluoride concentrations of the samples were analyzed using a specific fluoride electrode. The average fluoride level was 0.019 +/- 0.004 ppm in breast milk, 0.022 +/- 0.007 ppm in cow's milk and 0.022 +/- 0.003 ppm in yogurt shake. Fluoride levels of milk formulations prepared by distilled water were ranging between 0.118 to 0.021 ppm. It is concluded that in non-fluoridated areas, fluoride intake of infants from the above sources is not very high and fluoride supplements may be prescribed.
authors: Ege University, School of Dentistry, Department of Pedodontics, 35100 Bomova, Izmir, Turkey. koparal@dishekimligi.ege.edu.tr
authors: E
authors: E
authors: Koparal
authors: F
authors: F
authors: Ertugrul
authors: K
authors: K
authors: Oztekin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002327:Cariostatic Agents / Q000032:analysis*; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D005260:Female; D005459:Fluorides / Q000032:analysis*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007225:Infant Food / Q000032:analysis*; D008892:Milk / Q000737:chemistry; D008895:Milk, Human / Q000737:chemistry*; D014421:Turkey; D015014:Yogurt / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D002327:Cariostatic Agents; D005459:Fluorides