title: Course of primary headaches during hormone replacement therapy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the present study was to evaluate how hormone replacement therapy (HRT) could influence the course of primary headaches in postmenopausal women.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty patients presenting for clinical evaluation of menopausal status and suffering from headache were enrolled. The observational period lasted 7 months during which women filled in a diary with the clinical characteristics of headache attacks (frequency, days with headache, severity) and the analgesic use (no. of analgesic/month). Climacteric symptoms and both anxiety and depression were also measured. At the first visit the patients were divided into two groups: those suffering from migraine without aura (MwA) and those suffering from episodic tension-type headache (ETTH) and separately randomized. After a month of run-in period, they received two different HRT regimen, either: (1) transdermal estradiol 50 mcg every 7 days for 28 days plus medroxyprogesterone acetate (MAP) 10 mg/day from 15th to 28th day, or (2) oral conjugated estrogens 0.625 mg/day for 28 days plus MAP 10 mg/day for the last 14 days. Follow up evaluations were planned after 1, 3 and 6 months of treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  While we did not observe any significance change regarding headache parameters in ETTH patients during both transdermal and oral treatment, the course of migraine was significantly affected by the route of HRT. Both frequency of attacks (F = 8.5; P < 0.000) and days with headache (F = 6.9; P < 0.000) significantly increased during HRT in the subgroup assuming oral formulation. On the contrary, no changes in the same parameters were found in the group taking transdermal treatment. Moreover, while severity of migraine was unaffected by HRT, analgesic consumption was significantly increased in the subgroup on oral treatment (F = 6.3; P = 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  HRT significantly affects the course of headache in postmenopausal migraine sufferers. Indeed, while the clinical pattern of ETTH remained stable throughout the observational period, patients suffering from MwA worsened their symptoms within the first 3 months of treatment. In particular, the oral route of administration significantly worsened migraine in comparison to the transdermal route.
authors: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, IRCCS S. Matteo, University of Pavia, Piazzale Golgi 2, 27100, Pavia, Italy. renappi@tin.it
authors: R E
authors: RE
authors: Nappi
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Cagnacci
authors: F
authors: F
authors: Granella
authors: F
authors: F
authors: Piccinini
authors: F
authors: F
authors: Polatti
authors: F
authors: F
authors: Facchinetti
mesh_terms: D000279:Administration, Cutaneous; D000284:Administration, Oral; D004958:Estradiol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004966:Estrogens, Conjugated (USP) / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D020249:Hormone Replacement Therapy; D006801:Humans; D008525:Medroxyprogesterone / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D008593:Menopause; D008875:Middle Aged; D020326:Migraine without Aura / Q000378:metabolism*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D018781:Tension-Type Headache / Q000378:metabolism; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D004966:Estrogens, Conjugated (USP); D004958:Estradiol; D008525:Medroxyprogesterone