title: The efficacy of topical anaesthesia in flexible nasendoscopy: a double-blind randomised controlled trial.
abstract: The routine use of topical anaesthesia during flexible nasendoscopy has been questioned, and the degree to which topical vasoconstrictors can affect patient discomfort has yet to be elucidated. Patients' experiences with Lignocaineand phenylephrine, Lignocaine alone, xylometazoline and no preparation were compared. One hundred patients were recruited in this double-blind, randomised control trial and put into these four groups. Each patient completed a visual analogue scoring chart to determine the severity of unpleasantness and other undesirable effects (pain, bad taste, burning, choking, numbness and difficulty in swallowing). The results confirmed that vasoconstriction is a major contributing factor towards reducing overall unpleasantness (P = 0.022), topical anaesthesia can produce a bad taste (P = 0.022), and that none of the preparations have any effect on the pain during nasendoscopy. In conclusion, xylometazoline is recommended for nasendoscopy as it is effective and is significantly cheaper than the other preparations. Not using any preparations leads to the experience of severe symptoms.
authors: Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, City General Hospital, Stoke-on-Trent, Staffordshire, UK. rrdm@lineone.net
authors: S A
authors: SA
authors: Sadek
authors: R
authors: R
authors: De
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Scott
authors: A P
authors: AP
authors: White
authors: P S
authors: PS
authors: Wilson
authors: W V
authors: WV
authors: Carlin
mesh_terms: D000772:Anesthesia, Local / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004724:Endoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009296:Nasal Cavity / Q000187:drug effects*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012737:Sex Factors; D014661:Vasoconstriction / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000779:Anesthetics, Local