title: Subjective symptomatology after traumatic head injury.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Controversy persists regarding the reasons for persistent subjective complaints after mild traumatic head injury (THI).
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the influence of injury severity, psychological factors, and financial contingencies on symptomatology after THI.
  
  
  METHODS
  Subjective complaints about cognitive, emotional, and somatic symptoms, as assessed by a standardized self-report inventory (Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2; MMPI-2) were evaluated in 150 patients with THI.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Individuals with mild THI demonstrated paradoxically greater symptomatology on the MMPI-2 than patients with moderate-to-severe THI. Furthermore, specific actuarial criteria for possible symptom magnification (Fake Bad Scale) were met about twice as often in patients with mild THI who were seeking financial compensation for alleged acquired dysfunction than in patients with mild THI without such external contingencies.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The evaluation of persistent subjective complaints after THI should consider injury severity in concert with psychological and financial/motivational factors. Great caution should be taken in attributing persistent symptomatology after mild THI to cerebral dysfunction.
authors: Psychology Service, Mary Free Bed Hospital, Grand Rapids, MI, USA.
authors: L J
authors: LJ
authors: Miller
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Donders
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000209:etiology*; D006259:Craniocerebral Trauma / Q000150:complications / Q000191:economics / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016365:Liability, Legal / Q000191:economics; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010555:Personality Inventory; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012720:Severity of Illness Index