title: Bcl-2 induces cyclin D1 promoter activity in human breast epithelial cells independent of cell anchorage.
abstract: Cyclin D1 expression is co-regulated by growth factor and cell adhesion signaling. Cell adhesion to the extracellular matrix activates focal adhesion kinase (FAK), which is essential for cyclin D1 expression. Upon the loss of cell adhesion, cyclin D1 expression is downregulated, followed by apoptosis in normal epithelial cells. Since bcl-2 prevents apoptosis induced by the loss of cell adhesion, we hypothesized that bcl-2 induces survival signaling complementary to cell adhesion-mediated gene regulation. In the present study, we investigated the role of bcl-2 on FAK activity and cyclin D1 expression. We found that bcl-2 overexpression induces cyclin D1 expression in human breast epithelial cell line MCF10A independent of cell anchorage. Increased cyclin D1 expression in stable bcl-2 transfectants is not related to bcl-2-increased G1 duration, but results from cyclin D1 promoter activation. Transient transfection studies confirmed anchorage-independent bcl-2 induction of cyclin D1 promoter activity in human breast epithelial cell lines (MCF10A, BT549, and MCF-7). We provide evidence that bcl-2 induction of cyclin D1 expression involves constitutive activation of focal adhesion kinase, regardless of cell adhesion. The present study suggests a potential oncogenic activity for bcl-2 through cyclin D1 induction, and provides an insight into the distinct proliferation-independent pathway leading to increased cyclin D1 expression in breast cancer.
authors: Department of Pathology, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA.
authors: H M
authors: HM
authors: Lin
authors: Y J
authors: YJ
authors: Lee
authors: G
authors: G
authors: Li
authors: R G
authors: RG
authors: Pestell
authors: H R
authors: HR
authors: Kim
mesh_terms: D001940:Breast / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D002448:Cell Adhesion / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D002460:Cell Line; D019938:Cyclin D1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D051417:Focal Adhesion Kinase 1; D051416:Focal Adhesion Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; D016193:G1 Phase / Q000187:drug effects; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology; D014162:Transfection
chemical_list: D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D019938:Cyclin D1; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; D051417:Focal Adhesion Kinase 1; D051416:Focal Adhesion Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; C496050:PTK2 protein, human