title: Comparison of past and current barriers to novice nurse practitioner practice: The California perspective.
abstract: Novice nurse practitioners (NPs) face unique obstacles to practice. Few studies examine factors influencing early NP clinical performance. Therefore, this research project was designed to collect data from members of an NP professional organization who were asked to identify barriers encountered within the first 3 years of practice. Responses were received from 243 beginning and more experienced NPs. The top three barriers named were lack of public knowledge, lack of positions for NPs, and a lower salary than anticipated. The promotion of NP assets through expanded media coverage and individual educational efforts, the national standardization of the role, and the elimination of restrictive practice legislation can help reduce current barriers. Through the efforts of individuals, NP professional groups, and legislators, existing practice constraints can be mitigated, potential barriers anticipated, and solutions generated to ensure the continued success of this essential advanced practice role.
authors.affiliation: Emergency Department, El Camino Hospital, Mountain View, CA, USA. feukin@yahoo.com
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kinner
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cohen
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Henderson
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D001294:Attitude to Health; D002140:California; D004651:Employment / Q000458:organization & administration*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007587:Job Description; D008297:Male; D008389:Marketing of Health Services; D008402:Mass Media; D008875:Middle Aged; D009722:Nurse Practitioners / Q000193:education / Q000458:organization & administration* / Q000523:psychology*; D017009:Professional Autonomy; D011364:Professional Practice / Q000458:organization & administration*; D011365:Professional Practice Location / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011639:Public Opinion; D012456:Salaries and Fringe Benefits / Q000639:trends; D012956:Societies, Nursing; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires