title: Rapid identification of candida species by TaqMan PCR.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To develop and evaluate a TaqMan(TM) polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the rapid identification and speciation of candida species.
  
  
  METHODS
  Species specific primer and probe sets were designed for the identification of Candida albicans, C. parapsilosis, C. tropicalis, C. krusei, C. kefyr, and C. glabrata from clinical isolates in a 5' exonuclease (TaqMan(TM)) assay. The probes were labelled with three fluorescent dyes to enable differentiation between species when three primer and probe sets were combined in two multiplexes. The specificity of these assays was evaluated against a range of National Collection of Pathogenic Fungi strains, clinical isolates of yeast, bacterial and viral pathogens.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The primer and probe sets have been shown to be 100% specific for their respective species; there was no crossreaction between any set and human DNA, or extracts from other candida species, fungal, bacterial, or viral pathogens tested. Extracts from two clinical isolates, originally identified as C albicans on the basis of germ tube formation, were not amplified by any of the primer and probe sets. These isolates have been putatively re-identified as C dubliniensis after sequencing of the variable internal transcribed spacer region ITS2 and lack of growth at 45 degrees C.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This TaqMan assay provides a rapid alternative to conventional culture based techniques for the identification and speciation of the most frequently isolated candida species. The simple extraction method followed by TaqMan PCR can identify the six species mentioned in four hours.
authors.affiliation: Manchester Public Health Laboratory, Withington Hospital, Manchester M20 2LR, UK. mguiver@nw.phls.nhs.uk
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Guiver
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Levi
authors.forename: B A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Oppenheim
mesh_terms: D002175:Candida / Q000145:classification*; D017931:DNA Primers; D015342:DNA Probes; D004271:DNA, Fungal / Q000302:isolation & purification; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D006801:Humans; D016533:Mycological Typing Techniques; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods; D013045:Species Specificity; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D017931:DNA Primers; D015342:DNA Probes; D004271:DNA, Fungal; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes