title: The risk of limb deficiencies and other congenital abnormalities in children exposed in utero to calcium channel blockers.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Calcium channel blockers given to pregnant rats have shown an increased prevalence of digital and limb defects and their safety in pregnant women has thus been questioned. We examined the risk of malformations following exposure in utero to calcium channel blockers.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a nationwide case-control study based on the Hungarian Case-Control Surveillance of Congenital Abnormalities and identified 22,865 cases with congenital abnormalities and 31,151 population controls during the period 1980-1996. Data on drug exposure were obtained from official questionnaires and obligatory prenatal care logbooks.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among the cases, 586 mothers (2.6%) had been exposed to calcium channel blockers during pregnancy compared with 907 controls (2.4%). The overall prevalence ratios for 17 congenital abnormalities varied between 1.1 and 1.4, and there was no significant increased risk of limb deficiencies or other congenital abnormalities.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data did not indicate an increased prevalence of congenital abnormalities in offspring exposed to calcium channel blockers in utero.
authors.affiliation: Danish Epidemiology Science Centre at the Department of Epidemiology and Social Medicine, University of Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark.
authors.forename: H T
authors.initials: HT
authors.lastname: Sørensen
authors.forename: A E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Czeizel
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rockenbauer
authors.forename: F H
authors.initials: FH
authors.lastname: Steffensen
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Olsen
mesh_terms: D000014:Abnormalities, Drug-Induced / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology*; D000328:Adult; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers / Q000009:adverse effects*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006814:Hungary / Q000453:epidemiology; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D017880:Limb Deformities, Congenital / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011249:Pregnancy Complications, Cardiovascular / Q000188:drug therapy*; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers