title: Quantification of the gravity-dependent change in the C-arm image center for image compensation in fluoroscopic spinal neuronavigation.
abstract: In the quest to develop a viable, frameless spinal navigation system, many researchers are utilizing the C-arm fluoroscope. However, there is a significant problem with the C-arm that must be quantified: the gravity-dependent sag effect resulting from the geometry of the C-arm and aggravated by the inequity of weight at each end of the C-arm. This study quantified the C-arm sag effect, giving researchers the protocol and data needed to develop a program that accounts for this distortion. The development of spinal navigation algorithms that account for the C-arm sag effect should produce a more accurate spinal navigation system.
authors.affiliation: Image Guidance Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford School of Medicine, USA.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hariri
authors.forename: H R
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Abbasi
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chin
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Steinberg
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Shahidi
mesh_terms: D016477:Artifacts; D019544:Equipment Failure Analysis; D005471:Fluoroscopy / Q000295:instrumentation*; D006112:Gravitation; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000295:instrumentation*; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000295:instrumentation*; D013131:Spine / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D014584:User-Computer Interface