title: Optimal starting time for flutamide to prevent disease flare in prostate cancer patients treated with a gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Flare-up phenomena, such as an increase in prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and/or deterioration of symptoms, are observed in some patients undergoing gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist therapy. This study was carried out to determine the optimal time for starting the administration of flutamide to prevent flare-up phenomena.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-six patients with prostate cancer and elevated serum levels of PSA were randomly assigned to 5 groups. Group A patients (n = 6) were treated with a subcutaneous injection of 3.75 mg leuprorelin acetate depot alone. Group B, C, D and E patients (5 patients in each group) were treated with 375 mg/day of orally administered flutamide combined with leuprorelin. Flutamide was initiated on the day of leuprorelin injection in group B, and at 1, 2 and 4 weeks before leuprorelin injection in groups C, D and E, respectively. Serum PSA and testosterone levels were measured in each patient.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Pretreatment with flutamide increased the serum testosterone level, but the testosterone surge after leuprorelin administration was almost the same in all 5 treatment groups. In patients who had been treated with flutamide in combination with leuprorelin, the mean PSA level did not exceed the pretreatment levels after leuprorelin administration. The rate of decrease in PSA in the group receiving simultaneous administration of flutamide with leuprorelin showed a decline comparable to that during the period before leuprorelin administration in the flutamide pretreatment groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Simultaneous administration of flutamide with a GnRH agonist is sufficient to prevent flare-up phenomena.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Okayama University Medical School, Okayama, Japan. tsushima@med.okayama-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tsushima
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nasu
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Saika
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Maki
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Noda
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Suyama
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamato
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kumon
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000188:drug therapy*; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000726:Androgen Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018931:Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005485:Flutamide / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D016729:Leuprolide / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000726:Androgen Antagonists; D018931:Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal; D005485:Flutamide; D016729:Leuprolide