title: BMP2-mediated alteration in the developmental pathway of fetal mouse brain cells from neurogenesis to astrocytogenesis.
abstract: We show that when telencephalic neural progenitors are briefly exposed to bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) in culture, their developmental fate is changed from neuronal cells to astrocytic cells. BMP2 significantly reduced the number of cells expressing microtubule-associated protein 2, a neuronal marker, and cells expressing nestin, a marker for undifferentiated neural precursors, but BMP2 increased the number of cells expressing S100-beta, an astrocytic marker. In telencephalic neuroepithelial cells, BMP2 up-regulated the expression of negative helix-loop-helix (HLH) factors Id1, Id3, and Hes-5 (where Hes is homologue of hairy and Enhancer of Split) that inhibited the transcriptional activity of neurogenic HLH transcription factors Mash1 and neurogenin. Ectopic expression of either Id1 or Id3 (where Id is inhibitor of differentiation) inhibited neurogenesis of neuroepithelial cells, suggesting an important role for these HLH proteins in the BMP2-mediated changes in the neurogenic fate of these cells. Because gliogenesis in the brain and spinal cord, derived from implanted neural stem cells or induced by injury, is responsible for much of the failure of neuronal regeneration, this work may lead to a therapeutic strategy to minimize this problem.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell Fate Modulation, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nakashima
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Takizawa
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Ochiai
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yanagisawa
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hisatsune
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nakafuku
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Miyazono
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kishimoto
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kageyama
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Taga
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001253:Astrocytes / Q000166:cytology*; D051792:Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Proteins; D055396:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2; D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D001921:Brain / Q000166:cytology / Q000196:embryology / Q000378:metabolism*; D019070:Cell Lineage; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D018257:Helix-Loop-Helix Motifs; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D051379:Mice; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta
chemical_list: D051792:Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Proteins; D055396:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2; D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; C499317:Ascl1 protein, mouse; C525719:Bmp2 protein, mouse