title: Prophylactic intravesical instillation of mitomycin C and cytosine arabinoside for prevention of recurrent bladder tumors following surgery for upper urinary tract tumors: a prospective randomized study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A recurrence of bladder tumors following surgery for transitional cell carcinoma of the upper urinary tract is not rarely observed. A prospective randomized study was conducted to examine the significance of prophylactic intravesical instillation of mitomycin C (MMC) and cytosine arabinoside (Ara-C) to prevent recurrent bladder tumors after surgery for superficial transitional cell carcinoma of the upper urinary tract.
  
  
  METHODS
  The patients were randomized into an instillation group, who received postoperative intravesical instillation of MMC (20 mg) and Ara-C (200 mg) 28 times over a period of 2 years, and a non-instillation group. The non-recurrence rate was then compared between the groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 27 patients registered, 25 patients (13 with instillation and 12 without instillation) were able to be evaluated, with a median follow-up period of 45 months. The non-recurrence rate of bladder tumors in the instillation group was higher than that in the non-instillation group. Although the difference was not statistically significant, the P-value (P = 0.079) demonstrated a strong trend. When any possible bias was allowed for a multivariate analysis, the difference was almost significant (P = 0.0567). No patients withdrew from this study due to any side-effects.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The postoperative instillation of MMC and Ara-C may be a useful approach for reducing the recurrence of bladder tumors after surgery for upper urinary tract tumors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Japan.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sakamoto
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Naito
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kumazawa
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ariyoshi
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Osada
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Omoto
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fujisawa
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Morita
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yamashita
mesh_terms: D000283:Administration, Intravesical; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000903:Antibiotics, Antineoplastic / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000964:Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002295:Carcinoma, Transitional Cell / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000556:secondary*; D003561:Cytarabine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016685:Mitomycin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D011446:Prospective Studies; D014516:Ureteral Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000556:secondary* / Q000601:surgery*
chemical_list: D000903:Antibiotics, Antineoplastic; D000964:Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic; D003561:Cytarabine; D016685:Mitomycin