title: Tacrolimus versus cyclosporine after lung transplantation: a prospective, open, randomized two-center trial comparing two different immunosuppressive protocols.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The need for better immunosuppressive protocols after lung transplantation led us to investigate tacrolimus (Tac) in combination with mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) and steroids or cyclosporine (CsA) in combination with MMF and steroids in a prospective, open, randomized trial after lung transplantation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between September 1997 and April 1999, 50 lung transplant recipients were randomized to receive either Tac (n = 26) or CsA (n = 24) in combination with MMF and steroids. All patients underwent induction therapy with rabbit antithymocyte globulin (ATG) for 3 days. Freedom from acute rejection (AR), patient survival, infection episodes, and side effects were monitored.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was no difference in patient demographics between the two groups. Six-month and 1-year survival was similar (84.6% and 73.1% in the Tac group vs 83.3% and 79.2% in the CsA group). Freedom from AR at 6 months and 1 year after lung transplantation was slightly higher in the Tac group (57.7% and 50% vs 45.8% and 33.3%, p = not significant [n.s.]), whereas the number of treated rejection episodes per 100 patient days in the Tac group was significantly lower (0.225 vs 0.426, p < .05). Four patients in the CsA group had to be switched to Tac. Two patients in the CsA group had to be retransplanted. Incidence of infections was similar in both groups with a trend toward more fungal infections in the Tac group (n = 7 vs n = 1, p = n.s.).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The combination of Tac and MMF seems to have slightly higher immunosuppressive potential compared with CsA and MMF. The effectiveness of Tac as a rescue agent is not paralleled with undue signs of overimmunosuppression.
authors.affiliation: Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Treede
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Klepetko
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Reichenspurner
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zuckermann
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Meiser
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Birsan
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wisser
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Reichert
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001989:Bronchiolitis Obliterans / Q000209:etiology; D002908:Chronic Disease; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D016572:Cyclosporine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004338:Drug Combinations; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006084:Graft Rejection / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015994:Incidence; D007239:Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D016040:Lung Transplantation / Q000276:immunology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009173:Mycophenolic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011446:Prospective Studies; D015996:Survival Rate; D016559:Tacrolimus / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D004338:Drug Combinations; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D016572:Cyclosporine; D003404:Creatinine; D009173:Mycophenolic Acid; D016559:Tacrolimus