title: Basal insulin therapy in type 2 diabetes: 28-week comparison of insulin glargine (HOE 901) and NPH insulin.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the safety and efficacy of the long-acting analog insulin glargine compared with NPH insulin in patients with type 2 diabetes who were previously treated with insulin alone.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 518 subjects with type 2 diabetes who were receiving NPH insulin with or without regular insulin for postprandial control were randomized to receive insulin glargine (HOE 901) once daily (n = 259) or NPH insulin once or twice daily in = 259) for 28 weeks in an open-label, multicenter trial. Doses were adjusted to obtain target fasting glucose <6.7 mmol/l. At study end point, the median total daily insulin dose in both treatment groups was 0.75 IU/kg.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The treatment groups showed similar improvements in HbA1c from baseline to end point on intent-to-treat analysis. The mean change (means +/- SD) in HbA1c from baseline to end point was similar in the insulin glargine group (-0.41 +/- 0.1%) and the NPH group (-0.59 +/- 0.1%) after patients began with an average baseline HbA1c of approximately 8.5%. The treatments were associated with similar reductions in fasting glucose levels. Overall, mild symptomatic hypoglycemia was similar in insulin glargine subjects (61.4%) and NPH insulin subjects (66.%) However, nocturnal hypoglycemia in the insulin glargine group was reduced by 25% during the treatment period after the dose-titration phase(26.5 vs. 35.5%, P = 0.0136). Subjects in the insulin glargine group experienced less weight gain than those in the NPH group (0.4 vs. 1.4 kg, P < 0.0007).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In patients with type 2 diabetes, once-daily bedtime insulin glargine is as effective as once- or twice-daily NPH in improving and maintaining glycemic control. In addition, insulin glargine deonstrates a lower risk of nocturnal hypoglycemia and less weight gain compared with NPH insulin.
authors.affiliation: Dallas Diabetes and Endocrine Center, Texas 75230, USA.  juliorosenstock@dallasdiabetes.com
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rosenstock
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Schwartz
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Clark
authors.forename: G D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: D W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Donley
authors.forename: M B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Edwards
mesh_terms: D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002940:Circadian Rhythm; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy*; D005215:Fasting; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D007003:Hypoglycemia / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007328:Insulin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000069036:Insulin Glargine; D007336:Insulin, Isophane / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D049528:Insulin, Long-Acting; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019518:Postprandial Period; D012307:Risk Factors; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007328:Insulin; D000069036:Insulin Glargine; D007336:Insulin, Isophane; D049528:Insulin, Long-Acting