title: Implantation of cardioverter defibrillators without induction of ventricular fibrillation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The upper limit of vulnerability (ULV) is the weakest shock at which ventricular fibrillation (VF) is not induced by a T-wave shock. This study tested the hypothesis that a vulnerability safety margin based on the ULV can be used as an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator implantation criterion.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Implantable cardioverter-defibrillators were implanted in 80 patients if T-wave shocks did not induce VF and the baseline-rhythm R wave was >/=7 mV. The T-wave shock was 10 J in the first 45 patients (group A) and 15 J in the last 35 patients (group B). After inductionless implantations, the first VF shock was programmed to the T-wave shock plus 5 J. If T-wave shocks induced VF, the ULV was measured and the first shock was programmed to the ULV+5 J. Inductionless implantations were performed in 58 patients (72%), 28 in group A (62%) and 30 in group B (86%; P=0.04). If T-wave scanning had been done at 15 J in group A patients, inductionless implantations could have been performed in 84% of them. At 3 months, VF was induced twice during electrophysiological study in 75 patients (94%). All VFs were detected in </=4.7 s and were terminated by the first shock. During follow-up, 197 of 198 appropriate first shocks for rapid ventricular tachycardia or VF (99%) were successful in patients who had inductionless implantations (95% confidence intervals, 97% to 100%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Inductionless implantations can be performed in >80% of implantable cardioverter-defibrillator recipients using a vulnerability safety margin based on a T-wave scan at 15.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA. swerdlow@ucla.edu
authors.forename: C D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Swerdlow
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D017147:Defibrillators, Implantable; D004554:Electric Countershock / Q000009:adverse effects; D004562:Electrocardiography; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D014693:Ventricular Fibrillation / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000628:therapy