title: Variation of codons 1961 and 2177 of the Stargardt disease gene is not associated with age-related macular degeneration.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the role of 2 specific alleles of the Stargardt disease gene (ABCA4) in the pathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Secondary objectives were to investigate differences in frequency of the G1961E allele in selected ethnic groups as well as to examine the segregation of both G1961E and D2177N alleles in 5 multiplex families with AMD.
  
  
  METHODS
  Five hundred forty-four patients with AMD and 689 controls were ascertained from 3 continents. Blood samples from 62 normal individuals of Somalian ancestry were also obtained. Participants were screened for the presence of these ABCA4 alleles with a combination of restriction digestion and single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis of polymerase chain reaction amplification products. Detected alleles were confirmed by DNA sequencing. The number of subjects exhibiting the G1961E or D2177N variants were compared between AMD and control groups using a 2-tailed Fisher exact test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was no significant difference (P >.1) in the frequency of the G1961E and D2177N alleles in patients with AMD (2.2%) vs controls (1.0%). In contrast, there was a significant difference (P< .001) in the frequency of the G1961E alleles between normal individuals of Somali ancestry (11.3%) and normal individuals from other populations (0.4%). There was no evidence of cosegregation of these alleles and the AMD phenotype in the 5 multiplex families with AMD examined. These two ABCA4 alleles were slightly more frequent in patients with AMD with choroidal neovascularization (2.7%) than those without this complication (2.5%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Somali ancestry is more than 100 times more strongly associated with presence of the G1961E allele than the AMD phenotype. This study did not find any statistically significant evidence for involvement of the G1961E or D2177N alleles of the ABCA4 gene in AMD.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The ABCA4 gene is definitively involved in the pathogenesis of Stargardt disease and some cases of photoreceptor degeneration. However, it does not seem to be involved in a statistically significant fraction of AMD cases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
authors.forename: R H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Guymer
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Héon
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Lotery
authors.forename: F L
authors.initials: FL
authors.lastname: Munier
authors.forename: D F
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Schorderet
authors.forename: P N
authors.initials: PN
authors.lastname: Baird
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: McNeil
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Haines
authors.forename: V C
authors.initials: VC
authors.lastname: Sheffield
authors.forename: E M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Stone
mesh_terms: D018528:ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters / Q000235:genetics*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000483:Alleles; D003062:Codon / Q000235:genetics*; D004252:DNA Mutational Analysis; D005260:Female; D014644:Genetic Variation; D006801:Humans; D008268:Macular Degeneration / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010375:Pedigree; D018807:Polymorphism, Single-Stranded Conformational; D012374:Rod Cell Outer Segment / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: C056475:ABCA4 protein, human; D018528:ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters; D003062:Codon