title: Clinical thermometry, using the 27 MHz multi-electrode current-source interstitial hyperthermia system in brain tumours.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In interstitial hyperthermia, temperature measurements are mainly performed inside heating applicators, and therefore, give the maximum temperatures of a rather heterogeneous temperature distribution. The problem of how to estimate lesion temperatures using the multi-electrode current-source interstitial hyperthermia (MECS-IHT) system in the brain was studied.
  
  
  METHODS
  Temperatures were measured within the electrodes and in an extra catheter at the edge of a 4 x 4 x 4.5 cm(3) glioblastoma multiforme resection cavity. From the temperature decays during a power-off period, information was obtained about local maximum and minimum tissue temperatures. The significance of these data was examined through model calculations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Maximum tissue temperatures could be estimated roughly by switching off all electrodes for about 5 s. Model calculations showed that the minimum tissue temperatures near a certain afterloading catheter correspond well with the temperature of the applicator inside, about 1 min after this applicator was switched off.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although the electrode temperatures read during heating are not suitable to assess the temperature distribution, it is feasible to heat the brain adequately using the MECS-IHT system with extra sensors outside the electrodes and/or application of decay methods.
authors.affiliation: Division of Clinical Physics, Department of Radiotherapy, Daniel den Hoed Cancer Center, University Hospital Rotterdam, Groene Hilledijk 301, 3075 EA, The, Rotterdam, Netherlands.
authors.forename: R S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Kaatee
authors.forename: P C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Nowak
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: van der Zee
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: de Bree
authors.forename: B P
authors.initials: BP
authors.lastname: Kanis
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Crezee
authors.forename: P C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Levendag
authors.forename: A G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Visser
mesh_terms: D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000628:therapy*; D005910:Glioma / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D006979:Hyperthermia, Induced / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D013821:Thermometers / Q000592:standards*