title: Improved delivery of fenoterol plus ipratropium bromide using Respimat compared with a conventional metered dose inhaler.
abstract: Asthma can be effectively treated by the use of bronchodilator therapies administered by inhalation. The objective of this study was to describe the dose-response relationship of combined doses of fenoterol hydrobromide (F) and ipratropium bromide (I) (F/I) delivered via Respimat, a soft mist inhaler, and to establish the Respimat dose which is as efficacious and as safe as the standard marketed dose of F/I (100/40 microg) which is delivered via a conventional metered dose inhaler (MDI). In a double-blind (within device) cross-over study with a balanced incomplete block design, 62 patients with stable bronchial asthma (mean forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) 63% predicted) were randomized at five study centres to receive five out of eight possible treatments: placebo, F/I 12.5/5, 25/10, 50/20, 100/40 or 200/80 microg delivered via Respimat; F/I 50/20 or 100/40 microg delivered via MDI. Pulmonary function results were based on the per-protocol dataset, comprising 47 patients. All F/I doses produced greater increases in FEV1 than placebo. A log-linear dose-response was obtained for the average increase in FEV1 up to 6 h (AUC0-6 h) and peak FEV1 across the dose range administered by Respimat. Statistically, therapeutic equivalence was not demonstrated between any F/I dose administered by Respimat compared with the MDI. However 12.5/5 and 25/10 microg F/I administered via Respimat were closest (slightly superior) to the F/I dose of 100/40 microg delivered via MDI. Pharmacokinetic data from 34 patients indicated a two-fold greater systemic availability of both drugs following inhalation by Respimat compared to MDI. In general, the active treatments were well tolerated and safe with regard to vital signs, electrocardiography, laboratory parameters and adverse events. In conclusion, combined administration of fenoterol hydrobromide and ipratropium bromide via Respimat, is as effective and as safe as higher doses given via a metered dose inhaler.
authors.affiliation: Ambulantes Gesundheitszentrum GmbH, Schwedt, Germany.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Goldberg
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Freund
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Beckers
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hinzmann
mesh_terms: D000280:Administration, Inhalation; D000328:Adult; D001249:Asthma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D001993:Bronchodilator Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D005280:Fenoterol / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D005541:Forced Expiratory Volume; D006801:Humans; D009241:Ipratropium / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D008297:Male; D009330:Nebulizers and Vaporizers; D014797:Vital Capacity
chemical_list: D001993:Bronchodilator Agents; D005280:Fenoterol; D009241:Ipratropium