title: Effects of enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin hydrochloride on canine and equine chondrocytes in culture.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study chondrotoxic effects of enrofloxacin (ENR) and ciprofloxacin hydrochloride (CFX) on canine and equine articular chondrocytes in culture and to compare the effects with that of cultivation in Mg2+-free medium.
  
  
  METHODS
  Chondrocytes from articular cartilage of 4- and 6 -month old dogs and 2- to 4- year-old horses.
  
  
  METHODS
  Chondrocytes were cultivated with 10, 40, 80, and 160 microg of CFX/ml, 10, 50, 100, and 150 microg of ENR/ml, or in Mg2+-free medium. A live-to-dead test was performed to test cytotoxic effects. Morphologic changes were evaluated by electron microscopy. An attachment assay was used to test the ability of chondrocytes to adhere to collagen type-II coated-chamber slides in the presence of CFX and with Mg2+-free medium.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Chondrocytes cultivated in quinolone-supplemented medium or Mg2+-free medium had a decreased ability to adhere to culture dishes. Cell shape and the actin and vimentin cytoskeleton changed in a concentration-dependent manner. These effects were not species-specific and developed with both quinolones. On day 1 of culture, adhesion of chondrocytes to collagen type II was reduced to 70 and 45% of control values in the CFX treatment and Mg2+-free treatment groups, respectively. On day 5 of culture, adhesion of chondrocytes was reduced to 45 and 40% of control values in the CFX treatment and Mg2+-free treatment groups, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In vitro, chondrotoxic effects of quinolones appear to be the result of irregular integrin signaling and subsequent cellular changes. Drug concentrations leading to morphologic changes in vitro may be achieved in articular cartilage in vivo.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Histology & Embryology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Egerbacher
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Edinger
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Tschulenk
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000633:toxicity*; D002358:Cartilage, Articular / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects; D002448:Cell Adhesion / Q000187:drug effects; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D019902:Chondrocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D002939:Ciprofloxacin / Q000633:toxicity*; D004285:Dogs / Q000502:physiology*; D000077422:Enrofloxacin; D024841:Fluoroquinolones; D006736:Horses / Q000502:physiology*; D008274:Magnesium / Q000494:pharmacology; D008854:Microscopy, Electron / Q000662:veterinary; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D015363:Quinolones / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D024841:Fluoroquinolones; D015363:Quinolones; D000077422:Enrofloxacin; D002939:Ciprofloxacin; D008274:Magnesium