title: Pretransplantation prognostic testing on damaged kidneys during ex vivo warm perfusion.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Further expansion of the donor pool with ischemically damaged kidneys will be predicated on the ability to develop prognostic testing. Using a well-established canine autotransplantation injury model, we assessed whether actual restoration of renal metabolism by ex vivo warm perfusion could be used to predict the status of an organ before transplantation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Kidneys were subjected to 30 min of warm ischemia followed by 24 hr of static storage in ViaSpan at 4 degrees C. After warm ischemia and static storage the kidneys were transitioned to 3 hr of warm perfusion using Exsanguinous Metabolic Support technology. During this period, parameters indicative of renal metabolism and vascular function were used to predict outcomes prospectively. Parameters included measures of oxidative metabolism, perfusion characteristics, and vascular condition. A Viability Score (VS) was calculated as the sum of the three parameters mentioned above. Results were grouped by a VS>2 and a VS<2.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A clear association between the severity and duration of graft dysfunction and the VS was observed. Organs with a VS>2 had a significantly milder period of acute tubular necrosis, with both a less severe rise in serum creatinine (mean of 4.4 vs. 11 mg/dl) and a shorter recovery period (mean of 8 vs. 18 days) than those with a VS<2.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Results indicate the possibility of utilizing warm perfusion to evaluate kidneys before transplantation. The VS developed demonstrated efficacy in classifying the severity of the acute tubular necrosis and the occurrence of primary nonfunction, offering a sensitive assay for prospective organ testing.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, azM University Hospital, AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands. bm.stubenitsky@ah.unimaas.nl
authors.forename: B M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Stubenitsky
authors.forename: M H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Booster
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Brasile
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Araneda
authors.forename: C E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Haisch
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kootstra
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002470:Cell Survival; D003955:Diagnostic Tests, Routine; D004285:Dogs; D006358:Hot Temperature; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000098:blood supply / Q000166:cytology; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000473:pathology / Q000502:physiology; D007683:Kidney Tubular Necrosis, Acute / Q000175:diagnosis; D010477:Perfusion / Q000379:methods; D011300:Preoperative Care; D011379:Prognosis; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000175:diagnosis*; D013997:Time Factors