title: Use of medications with anticholinergic effect predicts clinical severity of delirium symptoms in older medical inpatients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Use of anticholinergic (ACH) medications is a biologically plausible and potentially modifiable risk factor of delirium, but research findings are conflicting regarding its association with delirium.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the longitudinal association between use of ACH medications and severity of delirium symptoms and to determine whether this association is modified by the presence of dementia.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 278 medical inpatients 65 years and older with diagnosed incident or prevalent delirium were followed up with repeated assessments using the Delirium Index for up to 3 weeks. Exposure to ACH and other medications was measured daily. The association between change in medication exposure in the 24 hours preceding a Delirium Index assessment was assessed using a mixed linear regression model.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During follow-up (mean +/- SD, 12.3 +/- 7.0 days), 47 medications with potential ACH effect were used in the population (mean, 1.4 medications per patient per day). Increase in delirium severity was significantly associated with several measures of ACH medication exposure on the previous day, adjusting for dementia, baseline delirium severity, length of follow-up, and number of non-ACH medications taken. Dementia did not modify the association between ACH medication use and delirium severity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Exposure to ACH medications is independently and specifically associated with a subsequent increase in delirium symptom severity in elderly medical inpatients with diagnosed delirium.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Community Studies, St Mary's Hospital Center, 3830 Lacombe Ave, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3T 1M5.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: McCusker
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cole
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Abrahamowicz
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Primeau
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Elie
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D018680:Cholinergic Antagonists / Q000009:adverse effects*; D003704:Dementia / Q000150:complications*; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D006760:Hospitalization; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D012307:Risk Factors; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D018680:Cholinergic Antagonists