title: Obesity is independently associated with coronary endothelial dysfunction in patients with normal or mildly diseased coronary arteries.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study evaluates the impact of obesity on coronary endothelial function in patients with normal or mild coronary artery disease.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  The American Heart Association (AHA) has recently classified obesity as a modifiable risk factor for coronary heart disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 397 consecutive patients with normal or mildly diseased coronary arteries at angiography underwent coronary vascular reactivity evaluation using intracoronary adenosine, acetylcholine and nitroglycerin. Patients were divided into three groups based on the body mass index (BMI): Group 1, patients with a BMI <25 (n = 117, normal weight); Group 2, patients with a BMI 25-30 (n = 149, overweight) and Group 3, patients with a BMI >30 (n = 131, obese).
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were no significant differences among the groups in regard to other cardiovascular risk factors, except that overweight but not obese patients were significantly older than normal-weight patients (47 +/- 1 years in Group 1, 53 +/- 1 years in Group 2 and 50 +/- 1 years in Group 3, p < 0.001). The percent change of coronary blood flow to acetylcholine (%delta CBF Ach) was significantly lower in the obese patients than in the normal-weight group (85.2 +/- 12.0% in Group 1, 63.7 +/- 10.0% in Group 2 and 38.1 +/- 9.6% in Group 3, p = 0.009). By multivariate analysis, overweight (odds ratio, 1.55; 95% confidence interval, 1.2-2.0) and obesity (odds ratio, 2.41; 95% confidence interval, 1.5-4.0) status were independently associated with impaired coronary endothelial function.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The study demonstrates that obesity is independently associated with coronary endothelial dysfunction in patients with normal or mildly diseased coronary arteries.
authors.affiliation: Center for Coronary Physiology and Imaging, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic and Mayo Foundation, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Al Suwaidi
authors.forename: S T
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Higano
authors.forename: D R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Holmes
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lennon
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lerman
mesh_terms: D000109:Acetylcholine; D000241:Adenosine; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity / Q000187:drug effects; D015992:Body Mass Index; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D017023:Coronary Angiography; D003326:Coronary Circulation / Q000187:drug effects; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000187:drug effects / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D005996:Nitroglycerin; D009765:Obesity / Q000145:classification / Q000150:complications* / Q000517:prevention & control; D016017:Odds Ratio; D012307:Risk Factors; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D014665:Vasodilator Agents
chemical_list: D014665:Vasodilator Agents; D005996:Nitroglycerin; D000241:Adenosine; D000109:Acetylcholine