title: Long-term resin bond strength to zirconia ceramic.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the long-term bond strength of adhesive bonding systems to yttrium-oxide-partially-stabilized zirconia ceramic (YPSZ).
  
  
  METHODS
  Plexiglas tubes filled with resin composite were bonded to industrially manufactured zirconia ceramic disks (96% ZrO2 stabilized by 4% Y2O3). After air abrading the ceramic and ultrasonic cleansing, groups of 16 samples were bonded in an alignment apparatus using 7 different bonding methods. Subgroups of 8 bonded samples were tested for tensile strength following storage in distilled water at 37 degrees C either for 3 days or 2 years. In addition, the 2-year samples were thermocycled 37,500 times. The statistical analyses were conducted with the Kruskal-Wallis test followed by multiple pair-wise comparison of the groups using the Wilcoxon rank sum test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A moderate to relatively high initial bond strength was achieved by air abrasion alone, the additional use of a silane, or acrylizing the YPSZ surface in combination with a conventional bis-GMA resin composite. However, these methods failed spontaneously over storage time. The use of the bis-GMA resin composite after tribochemical silica coating of YPSZ and the use of a polyacid-modified resin composite after air abrasion of YPSZ resulted in a high initial bond strength which decreased significantly over storage time. A durable resin bond strength to YPSZ was achieved only after air abrasion of YPSZ and using one of two resin composites containing a special phosphate monomer.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A durable bond strength to YPSZ was achieved only by using resin composites containing a special adhesive monomer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Prosthodontics, Propaedeutics, and Dental Materials, School of Dentistry, Christian-Albrechts University, Arnold-Heller-Str. 16, D-24105 Kiel, Germany. swegner@proth.uni-kiel.de
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Wegner
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kern
mesh_terms: D000179:Acrylates / Q000737:chemistry; D000388:Air; D017438:Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate / Q000737:chemistry; D002516:Ceramics / Q000737:chemistry*; D020770:Compomers / Q000737:chemistry; D003188:Composite Resins / Q000737:chemistry*; D001840:Dental Bonding; D003764:Dental Materials / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D008422:Materials Testing; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D010710:Phosphates / Q000737:chemistry; D012821:Silanes / Q000737:chemistry; D012822:Silicon Dioxide / Q000737:chemistry; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D013499:Surface Properties; D013718:Tensile Strength; D013816:Thermodynamics; D013997:Time Factors; D014465:Ultrasonics; D015019:Yttrium / Q000737:chemistry; D015040:Zirconium / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000179:Acrylates; D020770:Compomers; D003188:Composite Resins; D003764:Dental Materials; D010710:Phosphates; D012821:Silanes; D017438:Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate; D015019:Yttrium; D012822:Silicon Dioxide; D015040:Zirconium; C028541:zirconium oxide; C091417:yttria