title: Human recombinant pro-dipeptidyl peptidase I (cathepsin C) can be activated by cathepsins L and S but not by autocatalytic processing.
abstract: Human dipeptidyl peptidase I was expressed in the insect cell/baculovirus system and purified in its active (rhDPPI) and precursor (pro-rhDPPI) forms. RhDPPI was very similar to the purified enzyme (hDPPI) with respect to glycosylation, enzymatic processing, oligomeric structure, CD spectra, and catalytic activity. The precursor, which was a dimer, could be activated approximately 2000-fold with papain. Cathepsin L efficiently activated pro-rhDPPI in vitro at pH 4.5 (k(app) approximately 2 x 10(3) min(-)(1) M(-)(1)), and two cleavage pathways were characterized. The initial cleavage was within the pro region between the residual pro part and the activation peptide. Subsequently, the activation peptide was cleaved from the catalytic region, and the latter was cleaved into the heavy and light chains. Alternatively, the pro region was first separated from the catalytic region. Cathepsin S was a less efficient activating enzyme. Cathepsin B and rhDPPI did not activate pro-rhDPPI, and the proenzyme was incapable of autoactivation. Incubation of both pro-rhDPPI and rhDPPI with cathepsin D resulted in degradation. Cystatin C and stefins A and B inhibited rhDPPI with K(i) values in the nanomolar range (K(i) = 0.5-1.1 nM). The results suggest that cathepsin L could be an important activator of DPPI in vivo and that cathepsin D and possibly the cystatins may contribute to DPPI downregulation.
authors.affiliation: Prozymex A/S, Dr. Neergaards Vej 17, DK-2970 Hørsholm, Denmark. swd@bioimage.dk
authors.forename: S W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Dahl
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Halkier
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lauritzen
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Dolenc
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pedersen
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Turk
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Turk
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D002384:Catalysis; D002401:Cathepsin B / Q000378:metabolism; D020789:Cathepsin C / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D002402:Cathepsin D / Q000378:metabolism; D056668:Cathepsin L; D002403:Cathepsins / Q000378:metabolism*; D002417:Cattle; D002645:Chickens; D002850:Chromatography, Gel; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D002942:Circular Dichroism; D055312:Cystatin A; D055313:Cystatin B; D055316:Cystatin C; D015891:Cystatins / Q000378:metabolism; D003546:Cysteine Endopeptidases; D015853:Cysteine Proteinase Inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D010450:Endopeptidases; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000235:genetics; D004792:Enzyme Precursors / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D006031:Glycosylation; D006801:Humans; D006868:Hydrolysis; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016297:Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; D011499:Protein Processing, Post-Translational; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: C525030:CST3 protein, human; C524994:CSTB protein, human; D055312:Cystatin A; D055316:Cystatin C; D015891:Cystatins; D015853:Cysteine Proteinase Inhibitors; D004792:Enzyme Precursors; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; C026407:CSTA protein, human; D055313:Cystatin B; D002403:Cathepsins; D010450:Endopeptidases; D020789:Cathepsin C; D003546:Cysteine Endopeptidases; D002401:Cathepsin B; C534281:CTSL protein, human; D056668:Cathepsin L; C028217:cathepsin S; D002402:Cathepsin D