title: Immunomodulation by exogenous surfactant: effect on TNF-alpha secretion and luminol-enhanced chemiluminescence activity by murine macrophages stimulated with group B streptococci.
abstract: Group B streptococci (GBS) are important pathogens in neonatal sepsis and pneumonia. GBS stimulate alveolar macrophages to produce inflammatory cytokines and free oxygen radicals, which can damage the lungs. In several studies, use of exogenous surfactant in term babies has improved outcome related to sepsis and respiratory failure. The role(s) of exogenous surfactant in modulating the inflammatory response produced by this microbe was examined. Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) production and luminol-enhanced chemiluminescence (LCL), a measure of respiratory burst, were investigated. For measuring TNF-alpha release, RAW 264.7 murine macrophages were pre-incubated with bovine surfactant and stimulated with either lipopolysaccharide, live or heat-killed GBS type Ia. LCL was measured after macrophages were pre-incubated with or without surfactant overnight, then stimulated with GBS or phorbol myristate acetate. Lipopolysaccharide and GBS stimulated TNF-alpha secretion from macrophages that was suppressed by exogenous surfactant in a dose-dependent fashion. GBS and phorbol myristate acetate also increased LCL from macrophages, which was significantly suppressed by pre-incubation of macrophages with exogenous surfactant. We conclude that GBS type Ia stimulates TNF-alpha release and LCL from RAW 264.7 cells and that these responses are suppressed by surfactant. Suppression of inflammatory mediators by exogenous surfactant might improve respiratory disease associated with GBS.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, The University of Tennessee, Memphis, TN, USA. atalati@utmem1.utmem.edu
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Talati
authors.forename: D T
authors.initials: DT
authors.lastname: Crouse
authors.forename: B K
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: English
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Newman
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Harrison
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Meals
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D005609:Free Radicals / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology; D008163:Luminescent Measurements; D008165:Luminol / Q000494:pharmacology; D008262:Macrophage Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D013292:Streptococcus agalactiae / Q000276:immunology*; D013501:Surface-Active Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D005609:Free Radicals; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D013501:Surface-Active Agents; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D008165:Luminol