title: Problems with solutions: drowning in the brine of an inadequate knowledge base.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We undertook a telephone questionnaire to determine current fluid prescribing practices and relevant knowledge among surgical preregistration house officers (PRHOs) and senior house officers (SHOs) working in 25 British hospitals.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred PRHOs were surveyed within 10 days of starting their first job (Group A). Fifty other PRHOs were surveyed 6-8 weeks after starting their first job(Group B) along with 50 surgical SHOs (Group C). Outcome measures included responsibility for prescribing, knowledge of the composition of common intravenous fluids and the principles governing their use.
  
  
  RESULTS
  PRHOs were responsible for prescribing in 89% of instances. Only 56% of respondents stated that fluid balance charts were checked on morning ward rounds. Less than half were aware of the sodium content of 0.9% saline or the daily sodium requirement. Although potassium supplements were usually correct, 25% of respondents prescribed two or more litres of 0.9% saline per day, which is far in excess of normal requirements. Although SHOs were more confident (P<0.0001), there was no significant difference between the three groups for most responses.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Inadequate knowledge and suboptimal prescribing of fluid and electrolytes is common. Undergraduate and postgraduate training in this basic patient management skill needs improvement, with particular emphasis on the practical aspects.
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health Medicine and Epidemiology, Section of Surgery, Nottingham, UK.
authors.forename: D N
authors.initials: DN
authors.lastname: Lobo
authors.forename: M G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Dube
authors.forename: K R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Neal
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Simpson
authors.forename: B J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Rowlands
authors.forename: S P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Allison
mesh_terms: D002983:Clinical Competence / Q000592:standards*; D004501:Education, Medical / Q000592:standards*; D004573:Electrolytes / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005440:Fluid Therapy; D006801:Humans; D019359:Knowledge; D008505:Medical Staff, Hospital; D010288:Parenteral Nutrition; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians'; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013689:Telephone; D006113:United Kingdom
chemical_list: D004573:Electrolytes