title: Determination of endotoxins in the vital pulp of human carious teeth: association with pulpal pain.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aims of this investigation were to determine the presence or absence of endotoxins in the pulp of symptomatic and symptom-free human carious teeth, to quantify the amount of endotoxins present, and to associate the presence of endotoxins with the acute pulpal pain.
  
  
  METHODS
  Pulpal tissue was sampled from 28 single-rooted carious teeth (15 symptomatic, 13 symptom-free) derived from 28 patients. Samples were also taken from the pulp of 5 noncarious control teeth. During sampling an effort was made to collect an equal weight of pulpal tissue in all cases (approximately 8 mg). The extraction of endotoxins was performed with the use of phenol-water. The assay and quantitative determination of endotoxins was performed with the use of a limulus lysate test. The data were analyzed statistically by using the independent t test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Endotoxins were detected in pulpal tissues of all carious teeth in the symptomatic (mean average, 0.15773 ng/mL; SD = 0.045811) and symptom-free group (mean average, 0.10723 ng/mL; SD = 0.010925). In noncarious control teeth, endotoxins were not detected. The presence of endotoxins was significantly higher in the group of symptomatic teeth than in the group of symptom-free teeth (P <.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The presence of endotoxins in the pulpal tissue of all the carious teeth indicates that they may play a major role in the pathogenesis of human pulpal diseases. Since a significantly higher level of endotoxins was detected in the pulp of symptomatic carious teeth than in that of symptom-free carious teeth, an association of endotoxins levels with severity of pulpal pain is probable.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endodontics, Dental School, University of Athens, 2 Thivon Street, 11527 Goudi, Athens, Greece. mhabbaz@cc.uoa.gr
authors.forename: M G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Khabbaz
authors.forename: P L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Anastasiadis
authors.forename: S N
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Sykaras
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D002863:Chromogenic Compounds; D003124:Colorimetry; D003731:Dental Caries / Q000378:metabolism*; D003782:Dental Pulp / Q000737:chemistry*; D004731:Endotoxins / Q000032:analysis*; D006801:Humans; D008033:Limulus Test; D008875:Middle Aged; D010636:Phenols; D011671:Pulpitis / Q000145:classification / Q000378:metabolism*; D013223:Statistics as Topic
chemical_list: D002863:Chromogenic Compounds; D004731:Endotoxins; D010636:Phenols