title: A model of cells as practical approach to simulate spring flow in the Itxina karstic aquifer, Basque Country, Spain.
abstract: The aim of this study is to apply a parsimonious hydrologic model to the Itxina karstic aquifer that can predict changes in discharge resulting from variable inputs (recharge). The Itxina Aquifer was divided into four cells corresponding to different recharge areas. Each cell was treated as a tank to characterize the conditions within the cell. In the model, when the reservoir boundaries coincide with the position of the siphons, the signal simulated is sensitive to input pulses of the recharge. This supports the hypothesis that the siphons are the controlling mechanism in the flow system of the aquifer. The good agreement between predicted and measured discharges demonstrates the ability of the model to simulate the flow in the Itxina Aquifer. These results demonstrated that the hydraulic conductivity increases downstream within the aquifer. The hydraulic conductivities obtained by calibration varied between 4.2 x 10(-3) m/s upstream of the aquifer, 6.0 x 10(-2) m/s in the central region, and 9.5 x 10(-1) m/s in the lower region of the aquifer. These values seem reasonable because the underground features in the principal caves show that the density of caves increases downstream in the Itxina Aquifer. The simple representation of the system produced results comparable to traditional ground water models with fewer data requirements and calibration parameters.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Engineering (CIRA), Autonomous University of the State of Mexico, Cerro de Coatepec S/N, C.P. 50130, Toluca, Mexico. jgarfias@coatepec.uaemex.mx
authors.forename: J G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Soliz
authors.forename: H L
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Acebo
mesh_terms: D055593:Geological Phenomena; D005844:Geology; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D010539:Permeability; D013030:Spain; D014877:Water Pollution, Chemical; D014881:Water Supply