title: Insights into the dynamic properties of keratin intermediate filaments in living epithelial cells.
abstract: The properties of keratin intermediate filaments (IFs) have been studied after transfection with green fluorescent protein (GFP)-tagged K18 and/or K8 (type I/II IF proteins). GFP-K8 and -K18 become incorporated into tonofibrils, which are comprised of bundles of keratin IFs. These tonofibrils exhibit a remarkably wide range of motile and dynamic activities. Fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) analyses show that they recover their fluorescence slowly with a recovery t(1/2) of approximately 100 min. The movements of bleach zones during recovery show that closely spaced tonofibrils (<1 microm apart) often move at different rates and in different directions. Individual tonofibrils frequently change their shapes, and in some cases these changes appear as propagated waveforms along their long axes. In addition, short fibrils, termed keratin squiggles, are seen at the cell periphery where they move mainly towards the cell center. The motile properties of keratin IFs are also compared with those of type III IFs (vimentin) in PtK2 cells. Intriguingly, the dynamic properties of keratin tonofibrils and squiggles are dramatically different from those of vimentin fibrils and squiggles within the same cytoplasmic regions. This suggests that there are different factors regulating the dynamic properties of different types of IFs within the same cytoplasmic regions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, Illinois 60611.
authors.forename: K H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Yoon
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yoon
authors.forename: R D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Moir
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Khuon
authors.forename: F W
authors.initials: FW
authors.lastname: Flitney
authors.forename: R D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Goldman
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000906:Antibodies / Q000494:pharmacology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003571:Cytochalasin B / Q000494:pharmacology; D004398:Dyneins / Q000276:immunology; D004734:Energy Metabolism; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000502:physiology* / Q000528:radiation effects / Q000648:ultrastructure; D017930:Genes, Reporter; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins; D006801:Humans; D007382:Intermediate Filaments / Q000502:physiology* / Q000528:radiation effects / Q000648:ultrastructure; D007633:Keratins / Q000502:physiology* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D008027:Light; D008164:Luminescent Proteins / Q000528:radiation effects; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D009068:Movement / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D015739:Nocodazole / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000906:Antibodies; D008164:Luminescent Proteins; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins; D003571:Cytochalasin B; D007633:Keratins; D004398:Dyneins; D015739:Nocodazole