title: Influence of day care attendance on the use of systemic antibiotics in 0- to 2-year-old children.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the association between time spent in different public day care settings and prescription of systemic antibiotics. Design. Population-based cohort study of 5035 Danish children born in 1997 followed from birth to June 30, 1999.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was performed by the linkage of records drawn from administrative registries. Exposure was the total time spent in a day care home or day care center. Outcome was the first prescription of a systemic antibiotic. Possible perinatal and sociodemographic confounding factors were considered by statistical analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During the first year of life, 39.8% of the girls and 51.1% of the boys received at least 1 antibiotic prescription drug. Enrollment in a day care setting doubled a child's risk of receiving a prescription drug (adjusted relative risk in day care home 1.9, 95% confidence interval: 1.7-2.0; adjusted relative risk in day care center 2.0, 95% confidence interval: 1.7-2.3). Only age confounded the analyses. Age >1 year at the starting time in day care reduced the risk of receiving antibiotic prescriptions during the first 3 months after enrollment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Enrollment in public day care facilities raised the risk of receiving an antibiotic prescription drug to the same extent in day care homes as well as in day care centers, so we cannot recommend one facility over the other based on the present study. Children <1 year old at enrollment were most at risk, suggesting that extension of parental leave may reduce the use of antibiotics.
authors.affiliation: Danish Epidemiology Science Centre at the Department of Epidemiology and Social Medicine, University of Aarhus, Denmark. n.thrane@dadlnet.dk
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Thrane
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Olesen
authors.forename: J T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Md
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Søndergaard
authors.forename: H C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Schønheyder
authors.forename: H T
authors.initials: HT
authors.lastname: Sørensen
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002656:Child Day Care Centers / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003141:Communicable Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D003718:Denmark / Q000453:epidemiology; D011307:Drug Prescriptions / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D004363:Drug Utilization; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012306:Risk
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents