Multiple system atrophy.
Multiple system atrophy (MSA) is an adult-onset sporadic progressive neurodegenerative disorder of unknown etiology. It is clinically characterized by the variable combination of autonomic failure, parkinsonism, cerebellar ataxia, and pyramidal signs. The present review summarizes up-to-date knowledge on the clinical diagnosis and molecular pathology of MSA. We also review the role of additional investigations that may support a clinical diagnosis of MSA. Finally, we briefly discuss the management of MSA, focusing on possible future therapeutic strategies.
Wenning
G K
GK
Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Innsbruck, Austria.
Seppi
K
K
Scherfler
C
C
Stefanova
N
N
Puschban
Z
Z
D002490:Central Nervous System / Q000473:pathology; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D006801:Humans; D019578:Multiple System Atrophy / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy