title: Obstructive nephropathy in children: long-term progression after relief of posterior urethral valve.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Approximately one third of children with end-stage renal disease have the illness because of urinary tract malformations, obstructive uropathy, and hypoplasia/dysplasia. The significant drop in infant mortality from obstructive uropathies in recent decades, attributable to prenatal diagnosis with renal ultrasonography and coordinated surgical and medical care, necessitated a reevaluation of the long-term outcome.
  
  
  METHODS
  To that end, we examined the long-term progression of obstructive nephropathy after neonatal relief of posterior urethral valves in our center over a span of 21 years, with diagnosis and care being provided by the same pediatric and urology team.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The 10 consecutive cases of posterior urethral valves represented 7% of all patients with congenital malformative uropathies seen over this period. The following procedures were performed: primary valve ablation (90%) and vesicostomy (40%). Seventy percent of patients progressed to end-stage renal disease over a (mean +/- standard error of the mean) follow-up of 11.3 +/- 2.1 years. The linear plot of the log of the inverse of serum creatinine versus time suggested unrelenting progression. The rate of progression was rapid after serum creatinine exceeded 5 mg/dL but the rate was slow and steady from serum creatinine of 1.5 to 5 mg/dL.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  To test the effect of a therapeutic intervention to ameliorate the rate of progression, this steady and prolonged progression of 0.5 mg/dL per year between serum creatinine concentration of 1.5 to 5 mg/dL would seem the optimal study.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23298-0498, USA.
authors.forename: K S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Roth
authors.forename: W H
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Carter
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Chan
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D018450:Disease Progression; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000209:etiology*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014521:Urethra / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000601:surgery*; D014570:Urologic Diseases / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D013520:Urologic Surgical Procedures
chemical_list: D003404:Creatinine