title: Storage of breast milk: effect of temperature and storage duration on microbial growth.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the effect of storage duration at varying temperature ranges, the pattern of microbial isolates and the quantity of colony-forming units (CFU) on expressed breast milk.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross sectional study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Bacteriology laboratory, University of Zimbabwe in Parirenyatwa Hospital, Harare.
  
  
  METHODS
  The temperature, storage duration and types of micro-organisms in freshly expressed breast milk.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Freshly expressed human breast milk contained microbial non-pathogens of skin flora. There was no growth of organisms in stored breast milk after four hours, eight hours, 24 hours and 72 hours storage duration at temperature ranges 0 to 4 degrees C (freezing temperature), 4 to 10 degrees C (refrigerator temperature), 15 to 27 degrees C (room temperature) and 30 to 38 degrees C (high temperature) respectively. Growth was detected after the storage durations and organisms isolated were both pathogens and non-pathogens with low counts. Average colony counts was (CFU < 200).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The study revealed that storage duration for expressed breast milk should not exceed 24 hours in refrigerator temperature (4 to 10 degrees C), eight hours at room temperature (15 to 27 degrees C) and four hours at high temperature (30 to 38 degrees C). Although freezing temperature (0 to 4 degrees C) seemed safest for breast milk storage, short-term storage in a freezer is not recommended due to likely the hazards of the thawing process.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Zimbabwe, P O Box A178, Avondale, Harare, Zimbabwe.
authors.forename: E O
authors.initials: EO
authors.lastname: Igumbor
authors.forename: R D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Mukura
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Makandiramba
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Chihota
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D005516:Food Microbiology; D005519:Food Preservation / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D006801:Humans; D008895:Milk, Human / Q000382:microbiology*; D012034:Refrigeration / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D013696:Temperature; D013997:Time Factors