Increased expression of HDJ-2 (hsp40) in carotid artery atherosclerosis: a novel heat shock protein associated with luminal stenosis and plaque ulceration.
OBJECTIVE
Evidence suggests that both humoral and cellular autoimmune processes directed toward heat shock proteins (hsp) contribute to the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. We characterized a human hsp distinct from those previously characterized in atherosclerotic lesions, termed HDJ-2.


METHODS
To determine the role of HDJ-2 in atherosclerosis, we compared the level of HDJ-2 mRNA expression with the level of hsp60 and hsp70 mRNA expression in 26 carotid endarterectomy specimens and 17 normal arteries. The level of expression of HDJ-2 mRNA was also correlated to the presence of plaque ulceration and the degree of luminal stenosis associated with the lesion.


RESULTS
The expression of HDJ-2 and hsp70 was significantly higher in carotid artery plaques as compared with normal arteries: HDJ-2, 6.7 +/- 1.6 vs 0.1 +/- 0.04, (P =.001); hsp70, 9.5 +/- 0.9 vs 3.7 +/- 0.8, (P =.002). There was no significant difference in hsp60 expression between carotid artery plaques and normal arteries (21.0 +/- 0.9 vs 20.6 +/- 0.8, P =.65). Increased HDJ-2 expression in carotid artery plaques was independent of hsp70 (Pearson correlation, r = 0.11; Bartlett chi(2) analysis, P =.71). Within the ulcerated plaque group, there was a correlation between degree of stenosis and high HDJ-2 mRNA expression (r = 0.896, P =.016). However, there was no correlation between degree of stenosis and high HDJ-2 mRNA expression within the nonulcerated plaque group (r = 0.530, P =.076) or within the entire group of patients (r = 0.0085, P =.97).


CONCLUSIONS
These results demonstrate that expression of HDJ-2 is significantly increased in atherosclerotic carotid artery plaques as compared with hsp60 and hsp70 and correlates with luminal stenosis in ulcerated atherosclerotic carotid artery plaques.
Nguyen
T Q
TQ
Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA.
Jaramillo
A
A
Thompson
R W
RW
Dintzis
S
S
Oppat
W F
WF
Allen
B T
BT
Sicard
G A
GA
Mohanakumar
T
T
D001161:Arteriosclerosis / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D015139:Blotting, Southern; D002339:Carotid Arteries / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000473:pathology; D002340:Carotid Artery Diseases / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D016893:Carotid Stenosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism; D018834:Chaperonin 60 / Q000032:analysis; D050956:HSP40 Heat-Shock Proteins; D018840:HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D006360:Heat-Shock Proteins / Q000032:analysis*; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
D018834:Chaperonin 60; C494647:DNAJB1 protein, human; D050956:HSP40 Heat-Shock Proteins; D018840:HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins; D006360:Heat-Shock Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger