title: Ischemia-reperfusion injury after relief of ureteral obstruction: an animal study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The complex series of pathophysiologic alterations associated with obstruction nephropathy includes renal ischemia. Free-radical production follows relief of obstruction. We sought to determine whether free radicals caused additional reduction in blood flow after relief of obstruction.
  
  
  METHODS
  In White-Landrace pigs, the left ureter was divided 6 cm distal to the ureteropelvic junction, and a nephrostomy tube was passed into the renal pelvis and exteriorized. A catheter was placed in the renal vein and exteriorized. Mean renal blood flow was measured before manipulation and during and after 6 hours of obstruction in animals receiving (N = 7) or not receiving (N = 7) allopurinol. The control groups were not subjected to ureteral obstruction and received (N = 7) or did not receive (N = 7) allopurinol. Free radicals in venous blood were measured by the Fox-1 assay for lipid peroxidation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After obstruction, renal blood flow declined significantly by the sixth hour (-28.73% +/- 1.81). The increase after relief of obstruction was only temporary, and by the third hour, the blood flow was again reduced (-20.14% +/- 2.67). Free radical production was significantly increased, with a peak of +24.63% being found 60 minutes after relief of obstruction. Allopurinol prevented free radical production after relief of obstruction and was associated with a return of blood flow to baseline values.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Free radicals contribute to renal blood flow reduction after relief of ureteral obstruction. Functional impairment may be preventable by free radical blockade, but further studies are required to confirm this hypothesis.
authors.affiliation: South Manchester University, NHS Trusts, UK. pd250262@aol.com
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Downey
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Tolley
authors.forename: S R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Johnston
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Young
mesh_terms: D000493:Allopurinol / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000818:Animals; D005260:Female; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005609:Free Radicals / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000097:blood; D007511:Ischemia / Q000473:pathology*; D012079:Renal Circulation / Q000187:drug effects; D012082:Renal Veins; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000473:pathology*; D013552:Swine; D014517:Ureteral Obstruction / Q000188:drug therapy*
chemical_list: D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D005609:Free Radicals; D000493:Allopurinol