title: Tasco-Forage: II. Monocyte immune cell response and performance of beef steers grazing tall fescue treated with a seaweed extract.
abstract: Effects of applying Tasco-Forage, an Ascophyllum nodosum seaweed-based product prepared by a proprietary process, to endophyte (Neotyphodium coenophialum [Morgan-Jones and Gams] Glenn, Bacon, and Hanlin)-infected and endophyte-free tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) were studied in each of 3 yr (1995, 1996, and 1997) in Virginia and in 1996 and 1997 in Mississippi. There were 48 steers at each location in each year (n = 240) in a 2 x 2 x 2 factorial arrangement with two replications at each location. Steers in Virginia were Angus and Angus x Hereford with initial weights of 245 kg (SD = 20), 234 kg (SD = 9), and 265 kg (SD = 5) in yr 1, 2, and 3, respectively. Steers in Mississippi were 3/4 Angus and 1/4 Brahman and weighed 230 kg (SD = 8) and 250 kg (SD = 2) in yr 2 and 3, respectively. Tasco (3.4 kg/ha) was dissolved in water and applied to pastures in April before grazing was begun and again in July at the same rate. The grazing period was from mid-April to late September or mid-October. Total gains were higher (P < 0.05) for steers grazing uninfected than for those grazing endophyte-infected tall fescue. Rectal temperatures were increased (P < 0.05) due to endophyte infection at both locations; Tasco application decreased temperature of steers grazing infected fescue in Virginia (interaction, P < 0.07) but increased temperatures of steers grazing infected fescue in Mississippi (interaction, P < 0.05). Presence of the endophyte resulted in rough hair coats and loss of hair color, but the effect was partially offset (P < 0.05) by Tasco application in Virginia in 1995. Both monocyte phagocytic activity (all years and locations) and major histocompatibility complex class II expression (1995 only) were decreased (P < 0.05) in steers due to endophyte infection, but this effect was reversed (P < 0.05) by application of Tasco to pastures. Application of the extract from A. nodosum seems to have use in alleviating adverse effects of endophyte on immune function and may improve hair coat condition in cattle grazing infected fescue, but effects on rectal temperature varied due to location.
authors.affiliation: Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg 24061-0442, USA.
authors.forename: K E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Saker
authors.forename: V G
authors.initials: VG
authors.lastname: Allen
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Fontenot
authors.forename: C P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Bagley
authors.forename: R L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Ivy
authors.forename: R R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Evans
authors.forename: D B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Wester
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed; D000818:Animals; D001831:Body Temperature; D002417:Cattle; D002418:Cattle Diseases / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006197:Hair; D006999:Hypocreales; D008297:Male; D008922:Mississippi; D009000:Monocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology*; D015651:Mycotoxicosis / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000662:veterinary*; D010587:Phagocytosis; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006109:Poaceae / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000382:microbiology*; D012621:Seasons; D012624:Seaweed; D013312:Stress, Physiological / Q000276:immunology / Q000662:veterinary*; D014768:Virginia
chemical_list: D010936:Plant Extracts