title: Sample stacking with matrix removal for the determination of paraquat, diquat and difenzoquat in water by capillary electrophoresis.
abstract: Conditions for the simultaneous determination of paraquat, diquat and difenzoquat by capillary zone electrophoresis using a stacking technique in a chemically modified capillary have been established. To apply the stacking method with sample matrix removal for the analysis of cations, an anodic electroosmotic flow is mandatory. For quats, 50 mM acetic acid-ammonium acetate (pH 4.0) with 5% (v/v) methanol as electrophoretic buffer and the addition of 0.8 mM cetyltrimethylammonium bromide as wall capillary organic modifier was proposed. Field polarity reversal time was optimised for several sample matrices. Detection was carried out at 220 and 255 nm. Detection limits, based on a signal-to-noise ratio of 3:1, were lower than 15 microg l(-1) for standards in Milli-Q water and two to ten times higher for drinking water samples. Run-to-run and day-to-day reproducibility have been established. The method was successfully applied to the determination of the three herbicides in spiked drinking water.
authors.affiliation: Departament de Química Analítica, Facultat de Química, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès, Spain.
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Núñez
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Moyano
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Puignou
authors.forename: M T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Galceran
mesh_terms: D004178:Diquat / Q000032:analysis*; D019075:Electrophoresis, Capillary / Q000379:methods*; D006540:Herbicides / Q000032:analysis*; D010269:Paraquat / Q000032:analysis*; D011720:Pyrazoles / Q000032:analysis*; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D006540:Herbicides; D011720:Pyrazoles; D014867:Water; C031394:difenzoquat; D004178:Diquat; D010269:Paraquat