title: The performance of the standard rate turn (SRT) by student naval helicopter pilots.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  During flight training, student naval helicopter pilots learn the use of flight instruments through a prescribed series of simulator training events. The training simulator is a 6-degrees-of-freedom, motion-based, high-fidelity instrument trainer. From the final basic instrument simulator flights of student pilots, we selected for evaluation and analysis their performance of the Standard Rate Turn (SRT), a routine flight maneuver.
  
  
  METHODS
  The performance of the SRT was scored with air speed, altitude and heading average error from target values and standard deviations. These average errors and standard deviations were used in a Multiple Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) to evaluate the effects of three independent variables: 1) direction of turn (left vs. right), 2) degree of turn (180 vs. 360 degrees); and 3) segment of turn (roll-in, first 30 s, last 30 s, and roll-out of turn).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Only the main effects of the three independent variables were significant; there were no significant interactions. This result greatly reduces the number of different conditions that should be scored separately for the evaluation of SRT performance. The results also showed that the magnitude of the heading and altitude errors at the beginning of the SRT correlated with the magnitude of the heading and altitude errors throughout the turn. This result suggests that for the turn to be well executed, it is important for it to begin with little error in these two response parameters.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The observations reported here should be considered when establishing SRT performance norms and comparing student scores. Furthermore, it seems easier for pilots to maintain good performance than to correct poor performance.
authors.affiliation: Naval Operational Medicine Institute, Pensacola, FL 32508-1046, USA.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Chapman
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Temme
authors.forename: D L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Still
mesh_terms: D000401:Aircraft; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D006801:Humans; D008889:Military Personnel; D009048:Motor Skills / Q000502:physiology*; D009068:Movement; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000502:physiology*; D011187:Posture; D013647:Task Performance and Analysis