title: Correlation of color Doppler sonographic findings with pH measurements in gastroesophageal reflux in children.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We conducted a prospective study of color Doppler sonography in children with suspected gastroesophageal reflux (GER). The purpose of this study was to compare the accuracy of color Doppler sonography with that of continuous 24-hour pH monitoring of the esophagus in diagnosing GER and to determine how to interpret the reflux episodes detected on color Doppler sonography in children at high risk for reflux.
  
  
  METHODS
  Color Doppler sonography and 24-hour esophageal pH monitoring were performed in 54 children ranging in age from 2 months to 10 years (mean, 3 years). The stomach of each patient was filled for adequate gastric distention just before the color Doppler sonographic examination. We counted the number of reflux episodes over a period of 15 minutes. One day after the sonographic examination, the reflux was evaluated with esophageal pH monitoring, and the resultant reflux index (ReI) was obtained. The ReI was considered to be pathologic when it was equal to or greater than 11.99%. The number of refluxes on color Doppler sonography and the ReI were correlated for each patient.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The 2 tests showed an 81.5% agreement in the detection of GER. When pH monitoring was taken as the reference test, color Doppler sonography had a high sensitivity (95.5%) for diagnosing GER but a very low specificity (11.0%), with a positive predictive value of 84.3% and a negative predictive value of 33.3%. There was no statistically significant correlation between the frequencies of GER detected on color Doppler sonography and the ReIs on pH monitoring (p = 0.1103). There was no correlation between the reflux grades on sonography and the ReI grades on pH monitoring (p = 0.422).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Color Doppler sonography is highly sensitive and easier to use than pH monitoring. Although there are no definite criteria for evaluating the severity of GER on color Doppler imaging, this modality may be useful in screening children for GER.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Kangnam St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, 505 Banpo-dong, Seocho-gu, 137-040 Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: H S
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Jang
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: G Y
authors.initials: GY
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.forename: B G
authors.initials: BG
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: G H
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: S H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Park
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D004947:Esophagus / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D005260:Female; D005745:Gastric Acidity Determination; D005764:Gastroesophageal Reflux / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D018615:Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color / Q000379:methods*