title: The vanishing point of the mismatch negativity at sleep onset.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine when the mismatch negativity (MMN) disappears at sleep onset, event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded continuously from wakefulness to sleep.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ten healthy young students were told to fall asleep ignoring the tones presented through a loudspeaker above their head. Standard (1000 Hz, P=0.90), high deviant (1200 Hz, P=0.05), and low deviant (1050 Hz, P=0.05) tones were presented in a quasirandom order with a fixed stimulus onset asynchrony of 500 ms. ERP waveforms were obtained separately for 5 successive stages characterized by typical electroencephalographic (EEG) patterns of the sleep onset period. The EEG staging was made manually with very short (5 s) scoring epochs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The MMN appeared in wakefulness and in the early phase of stage 1 sleep (EEG stage II) but disappeared when low-voltage theta waves emerged after alpha flattening (EEG stage III). Instead, P240 and N360 developed particularly for high deviant tones.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Concurrently with the disappearance of alpha waves, the automatic change detection system in wakefulness seems to stop operating and a different sleep-specific system becomes dominant.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Integrated Arts and Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-7-1 Kagamiyama, 739-8521, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nittono
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Momose
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hori
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000513:Alpha Rhythm; D004569:Electroencephalography; D005071:Evoked Potentials / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012894:Sleep Stages / Q000502:physiology*; D013826:Theta Rhythm; D014851:Wakefulness / Q000502:physiology