title: Experimental study using pig eyes for realizing ideal astigmatic keratotomy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The effects of varying the incision length and depth were analyzed using pig eyes to acquire information for realizing an ideal method of astigmatic keratotomy (AK).
  
  
  METHODS
  Single and paired arcuate incisions were made on pig corneas using a diamond knife. Incisions with varying lengths of 40 degrees, 60 degrees, and 90 degrees were made with the incision depth fixed at 90% of corneal thickness. Next, paired incisions with varying incision depth from 20% to 95% of corneal thickness were made with the incision length fixed at 90 degrees. The changes in corneal shape were analyzed using corneal topography and the degrees of astigmatic change were measured using a surgical keratometer.
  
  
  RESULTS
  For short single and paired incisions (40 degrees or 60 degrees in length), narrow areas of flattenings occurred, and steepenings were observed on both sides adjacent to the flattened areas. For long paired incisions of 90 degrees length, wide areas of flattenings and steepenings were observed with an approximately 1:1 coupling ratio, and a positive linear relationship between the incision depth and degree of astigmatic change was observed in the range of incision depth between 40% and 80% of corneal thickness.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This experimental study suggests that for achieving ideal corneal sphericity after AK, long incisions covering the entire steep areas (paired 90 degrees incisions for regular astigmatism) should be used and the degree of astigmatic correction may be controlled by varying the incision depth.
authors.affiliation: Kushimoto Rehabilitation Center, Kushimoto, Japan.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Akura
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Matsuura
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hatta
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kaneda
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ikeda
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001251:Astigmatism / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D003315:Cornea / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D019781:Corneal Topography; D007646:Keratotomy, Radial / Q000379:methods*; D023421:Models, Animal; D013552:Swine