title: Evidence for a locus on chromosome 1 that influences vulnerability to alcoholism and affective disorder.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Depression (major depression or depressive syndrome) is more prevalent in alcoholic than in nonalcoholic subjects in families with multiple members with alcoholism studied as part of the Collaborative Study on the Genetics of Alcoholism (National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism). First-degree relatives of probands with comorbid alcoholism and depression have a higher prevalence of both disorders than relatives of probands with alcoholism alone, and both groups have a higher prevalence than the relatives of comparison subjects selected without regard to psychopathology. Data from the collaborative study were used to test three phenotypes (comorbid alcoholism and depression, alcoholism or depression, and depression) for genetic linkage.
  
  
  METHODS
  Genome-wide sibling-pair linkage analyses were performed with the phenotypes comorbid alcoholism and depression, alcoholism or depression, and depression (major depression or depressive syndrome). Analyses were performed in two data sets (initial and replication data sets) from subject groups ascertained with identical criteria, as well as in the combined data set.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Peak lod scores on chromosome 1 (near 120 centimorgan) for the alcoholism or depression phenotype were 5.12, 1.52, and 4.66 in the initial, replication, and combined data sets, respectively. The corresponding lod scores on chromosome 2 were 2.79, 0.20, and 3.26; on chromosome 6, they were 3.39, 0.00, and 0.92; and on chromosome 16, they were 3.13, 0.00, and 2.06. Lod scores on chromosome 2 for the comorbid alcoholism and depression phenotype in the three data sets were 0.00, 4.12, and 2.16, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results suggest that a gene or genes on chromosome 1 may predispose some individuals to alcoholism and others to depression (which may be alcohol induced). Loci on other chromosomes may also be of interest.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis 46202-4887, USA. jnurnber@iupui.edu
authors.forename: J I
authors.initials: JI
authors.lastname: Nurnberger
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Foroud
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Flury
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Su
authors.forename: E T
authors.initials: ET
authors.lastname: Meyer
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Crowe
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Edenberg
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Goate
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bierut
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Reich
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schuckit
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Reich
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000437:Alcoholism / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics*; D002874:Chromosome Mapping / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D002878:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 1 / Q000235:genetics*; D002889:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 2 / Q000235:genetics; D002896:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 6 / Q000235:genetics; D015897:Comorbidity; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics*; D005190:Family; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006801:Humans; D008126:Lod Score; D008297:Male; D010641:Phenotype; D015995:Prevalence; D012737:Sex Factors