title: Non-hodgkin's lymphoma of the liver in patients with AIDS: sonographic, CT, and MRI findings.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We analyzed the sonographic, CT, and MRI findings in acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)-related non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) of the liver to evaluate the role of sonography in the diagnosis of this disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrospectively reviewed sonograms and CT scans on 26 patients who had human immunodeficiency virus with liver lymphoma, either primary (10 cases) or secondary (16 cases), from 1992 to 1999. We also reviewed MR images on 12 of the patients. All patients had pathologically proven NHL; all imaging studies were obtained within 2 weeks of sonographically guided fine-needle aspiration biopsies. Lymphoma was the initial AIDS-defining illness in 38% of the patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  NHL occurred as multiple lesions in most cases of both primary (7 of 10 cases) and secondary (15 of 16 cases) liver lymphoma. No imaging finding was specific for the diagnosis of hepatic lymphoma. The hepatic lesions were hypoechoic in 25 of 26 cases; in the remaining case, there was a large isoechoic mass. On unenhanced and contrast-enhanced CT, the lesions were hypodense in all cases, with a thin enhancing rim in 6 patients. On MRI, the lesions were hypointense on T1-weighted images and hyperintense on T2-weighted images.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Sonography may be helpful in the diagnosis of focal hepatic lymphoma in patients with human immunodeficiency virus. Sonographically guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy provides a definitive diagnosis. CT was crucial in the staging of lymphoma. MRI appears appropriate for studying liver NHL in selected cases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Azienda Ospedaliera L. Spallanzani, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Via Portuense 292, 00149 Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: E B
authors.initials: EB
authors.lastname: Rizzi
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Schinina
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cristofaro
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: David
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bibbolino
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology; D016483:Lymphoma, AIDS-Related / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology; D008228:Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D014463:Ultrasonography