title: Differential cognitive and behavioral effects of carbamazepine and lamotrigine.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The relative cognitive and behavioral effects of lamotrigine compared with the older standard antiepileptic drugs (AED) are uncertain.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To directly compare the cognitive and behavioral effects of carbamazepine and lamotrigine.
  
  
  METHODS
  The cognitive and behavioral effects of carbamazepine and lamotrigine were assessed in 25 healthy adults using a double-blind, randomized crossover design with two 10-week treatment periods. During each treatment condition, subjects received either lamotrigine (150 mg/day) or carbamazepine (mean 696 mg/day) adjusted to a dose to achieve midrange standard therapeutic blood levels (mean 7.6 microg/mL). Subjects were tested at the end of each AED treatment period and in three drug-free conditions (two pretreatment baselines and a final posttreatment period [1 month after last AED]). The neuropsychological test battery included 19 measures yielding 40 total variables.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Direct comparison of the two AED revealed significantly better performance on 19 (48%) variables for lamotrigine but none for carbamazepine. Differences spanned both objective cognitive and subjective behavioral measures, including cognitive speed, memory, graphomotor coding, neurotoxic symptoms, mood factors, sedation, perception of cognitive performance, and other quality-of-life perceptions. Comparison of carbamazepine with the nondrug average revealed significantly better performance for nondrug average on 24 (62%) variables but none for carbamazepine. Comparison of lamotrigine with nondrug average revealed better performance on one (2.5%) variable for nondrug average and on one (2.5%) variable for lamotrigine.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Lamotrigine produces significantly fewer untoward cognitive and behavioral effects than carbamazepine at the dosages used in this study.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, 30912, USA. kmeador@neuro.mcg.edu
authors.forename: K J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Meador
authors.forename: D W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Loring
authors.forename: P G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Ray
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Murro
authors.forename: D W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: King
authors.forename: K R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Perrine
authors.forename: B R
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Vazquez
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kiolbasa
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000927:Anticonvulsants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001519:Behavior / Q000187:drug effects*; D002220:Carbamazepine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003071:Cognition / Q000187:drug effects*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D000077213:Lamotrigine; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D012016:Reference Values; D014227:Triazines / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000927:Anticonvulsants; D014227:Triazines; D002220:Carbamazepine; D000077213:Lamotrigine