title: Surface biology of DNA by atomic force microscopy.
abstract: The atomic force microscope operates on surfaces. Since surfaces occupy much of the space in living organisms, surface biology is a valid and valuable form of biology that has been difficult to investigate in the past owing to a lack of good technology. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) of DNA has been used to investigate DNA condensation for gene therapy, DNA mapping and sizing, and a few applications to cancer research and to nanotechnology. Some of the most exciting new applications for atomic force microscopy of DNA involve pulling on single DNA molecules to obtain measurements of single-molecule mechanics and thermodynamics.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA. hhansma@physics.ucsb.edu
authors.forename: H G
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Hansma
mesh_terms: D004247:DNA / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D018625:Microscopy, Atomic Force; D009690:Nucleic Acid Conformation
chemical_list: D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D004247:DNA