title: The three-dimensional structure of human granzyme B compared to caspase-3, key mediators of cell death with cleavage specificity for aspartic acid in P1.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Granzyme B, one of the most abundant granzymes in cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) granules, and members of the caspase (cysteine aspartyl proteinases) family have a unique cleavage specificity for aspartic acid in P1 and play critical roles in the biochemical events that culminate in cell death.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We have determined the three-dimensional structure of the complex of the human granzyme B with a potent tetrapeptide aldehyde inhibitor. The Asp-specific S1 subsite of human granzyme B is significantly larger and less charged than the corresponding Asp-specific site in the apoptosis-promoting caspases, and also larger than the corresponding subsite in rat granzyme B.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The above differences account for the variation in substrate specificity among granzyme B, other serine proteases and the caspases, and enable the design of specific inhibitors that can probe the physiological functions of these proteins and the disease states with which they are associated.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology and Chemical Biology, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, NJ 07065-0900, USA. rotonda@merck.com
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rotonda
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Garcia-Calvo
authors.forename: H G
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Bull
authors.forename: W M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Geissler
authors.forename: B M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: McKeever
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Willoughby
authors.forename: N A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Thornberry
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Becker
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D001224:Aspartic Acid / Q000378:metabolism*; D001665:Binding Sites; D053148:Caspase 3; D061945:Caspase Inhibitors; D020169:Caspases / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism*; D019295:Computational Biology; D018360:Crystallography, X-Ray; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D053804:Granzymes; D006801:Humans; D006860:Hydrogen Bonding; D051379:Mice; D008958:Models, Molecular; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D017433:Protein Structure, Secondary; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D051381:Rats; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D012697:Serine Endopeptidases / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism*; D055672:Static Electricity; D013379:Substrate Specificity
chemical_list: D061945:Caspase Inhibitors; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D001224:Aspartic Acid; C509213:GZMB protein, human; D053804:Granzymes; C509214:Gzmb protein, mouse; C509215:Gzmb protein, rat; D012697:Serine Endopeptidases; C505407:CASP3 protein, human; C505409:Casp3 protein, mouse; C505410:Casp3 protein, rat; D053148:Caspase 3; D020169:Caspases