title: In vitro effect of different non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on human polymorphonuclear leukocyte activity measured by luminol-dependent chemiluminescence of the whole blood.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To define the well-known variability in the effects of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and to search for predictors of such variability using an in vitro model.
  
  
  METHODS
  Polymorphonuclear leukocyte activity was measured by luminol-dependent chemiluminescence of the whole blood using barium sulphate as a stimulator. Blood was taken from 40 apparently healthy volunteers (22 males and 18 females; their age ranged from 20-50 years). Drugs (indomethacin 10 ug/ml, aspirin 300 ug/ml, ibuprofen 25 ug/ml or diclofenac 8 ug/ml) were added into the blood of each individual in vitro. The chemiluminescence was measured in a photon counting system.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was a marked inter and intra individual variation in the chemiluminescence response to the 4 non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, added in vitro. The variation exhibited a continuous pattern. No statistically significant correlation was found between the in vitro effect of one non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug and the other 3 drugs, nor between the effect of each drug and factors like age, sex, weight, height, packed cell volume, hemoglobin percentage and white blood cell count. Subjects with hemoglobin-AS type (number = 9) responded mainly by enhancement to indomethacin and diclofenac. When the number of subjects rather than the average net effect was compared according to blood groups, those with blood group A showed chemiluminescence responses towards enhancement with indomethacin and diclofenac and blood group O with aspirin. A consistent pattern of enhancement and inhibition was evident; enhancements and inhibitions by any 2 drugs involve a seemingly constant proportion of subjects.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Luminol-dependent chemiluminescence responses of polymorphonuclear leukocyte activity could be a good in vitro model to study the variability in response to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Characteristics of each individual are not able to predict the pattern of variability. Abnormal hemoglobin and the type of blood group seem to be an interesting area for research.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, University of Basrah, Basrah, Iraq.
authors.forename: A S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Abdullah
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Jawad
authors.forename: A H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Al-Hashimi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001241:Aspirin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001466:Barium Sulfate; D001789:Blood Group Antigens; D003287:Contrast Media; D004008:Diclofenac / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004353:Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; D004909:Erythrocyte Indices; D005260:Female; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D007052:Ibuprofen / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007202:Indicators and Reagents; D007213:Indomethacin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007958:Leukocyte Count; D008163:Luminescent Measurements; D008165:Luminol; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D001789:Blood Group Antigens; D003287:Contrast Media; D006454:Hemoglobins; D007202:Indicators and Reagents; D004008:Diclofenac; D001466:Barium Sulfate; D008165:Luminol; D001241:Aspirin; D007052:Ibuprofen; D007213:Indomethacin