title: Is it possible to reduce polypharmacy in the elderly? A randomised, controlled trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The present trial was originally designed to investigate the effectiveness of comprehensive day hospital care in chronically ill elderly patients. Another aim, reported here, was to investigate to what extent it is possible to reduce polypharmacy and simplify drug regimens during the short term tight control conditions of day hospital care.
  
  
  METHODS
  All home care patients (n = 174, mean age 77 years) in a rural area, Kirkkonummi-Siuntio, in Finland.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients were randomised into 2 groups, one of which was offered a 2-month period of day hospital care. Patients assumed to be noncompliant (because they did not want day hospital care) were also included in order to see the effect of intervention in 'real-life'. The medications of all participants were reviewed and counted during an in-home assessment by a home nurse. In the intervention group, necessary revisions (dose reduction, discontinuation, possible additions) were performed through the tight monitoring of day hospital care and in co-operation with the patient. The patients were followed up for 10 months after completion of the intervention programme.
  
  
  METHODS
  Number of prescribed medications, number of over-the-counter (OTC) drugs, number of doses taken daily by the patients. Assessments were performed at baseline, and after 2, 5 and 12 months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were no significant changes in the number of prescribed medications. In patients in day hospital care, the number of doses was reduced significantly (p = 0.02) during the 2-month day hospital period compared with the control group. However, the patients compensated for the reductions by increasing the use of OTC drugs during the day hospital period (p = 0.05). In addition, only 3 months after the trial, the number of drugs had already returned to the baseline level.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In real life it seems to be difficult to reduce polypharmacy in the elderly. Some drug reductions may be achieved with tight control under trial conditions, but when the intervention ceases the number of drugs used soon returns to its earlier level.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Geriatric Clinic, Helsinki University Hospital, Finland. kaisu.pitkala@hus.fi
authors.forename: K H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Pitkala
authors.forename: T E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Strandberg
authors.forename: R S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Tilvis
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000553:Ambulatory Care / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D002908:Chronic Disease; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D018575:Home Care Services, Hospital-Based / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D019338:Polypharmacy; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric