title: New approaches for validation of lethal phenotypes and genetic reversion in Helicobacter pylori.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Because of limited genetic tools for use in Helicobacter pylori, tests routinely applied in other bacteria for demonstrating a gene's role in viability and other phenotypes have not been applied to this organism. In a mutational study of putative response regulator genes, we aimed to develop such tools for H. pylori.
  
  
  METHODS
  We attempted to mutate five response regulator genes by allelic exchange insertional mutagenesis. For genes that yielded no viable mutants, a second copy of the gene was inserted into the chromosome via a suicide vector, and it was seen if providing the second copy would permit the gene's disruption. For genes that yielded mutants with selectable phenotypes, a strategy was developed for reversion whereby an intact copy of the gene is introduced to the organism by transformation with PCR products. Following this procedure, revertants were selected by phenotypic tests then tested for genetic reversion.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After failure to attain transformants upon attempted mutation of genes HP0166 and HP1365, we inserted a second copy of each gene within the H. pylori chromosome. In each case the second copy relieved the block of transformation. Mutation of genes HP0703 and HP1021 gave non-motile and small-colony phenotypes, respectively. Following transformation with PCR products containing intact copies of the genes, both phenotype and genotype had reverted following phenotypic selections.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The methods used in this study provide new approaches for confirming suspected genotype/phenotype associations and should be widely applicable in the study of H. pylori.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
authors.forename: T K
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: McDaniel
authors.forename: K C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Dewalt
authors.forename: N R
authors.initials: NR
authors.lastname: Salama
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Falkow
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002876:Chromosomes, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005753:Gastric Mucosa / Q000382:microbiology; D005798:Genes, Bacterial; D005804:Genes, Lethal; D005809:Genes, Regulator; D005822:Genetic Vectors; D005838:Genotype; D016480:Helicobacter pylori / Q000235:genetics* / Q000254:growth & development; D006736:Horses; D006801:Humans; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000378:metabolism; D016254:Mutagenesis, Insertional; D009154:Mutation; D010641:Phenotype; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D014169:Transformation, Bacterial
chemical_list: D016209:Interleukin-8