title: Comparison of materials used in frontalis suspension.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare various materials used in frontalis suspension surgery for incidence of infection and/or granuloma formation and incidence of recurrent ptosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective medical record analysis was performed for 102 frontalis suspension operations performed on 43 patients between January 1, 1991, and December 31, 1996, at Indiana University Medical Center, Indianapolis. Materials used for surgery were compared for incidence of infection and/or granuloma formation and incidence of recurrent ptosis. Materials included autogenous fascia lata, banked fascia lata, monofilament nylon, braided polyester, expanded polytetrafluoroethylene, and polypropylene.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Infection and/or granuloma formation occurred in 10.8% of all frontalis suspensions and in less than 10.0% for each material used except expanded polytetrafluoroethylene. Five (45.5%) of the 11 frontalis suspensions using expanded polytetrafluoroethylene required removal of the material because of suspected infection. Ptosis recurred in 32 cases (31.4%). Low incidence of recurrence was found with autogenous fascia lata and expanded polytetrafluoroethylene.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Of the materials compared in this study, autogenous fascia lata may be the material of choice for frontalis suspension surgery in congenital ptosis. Other materials are useful for temporary eyelid elevation. All materials carry the risk of potential infection and/or granuloma formation.
authors.affiliation: Princeton Eye Laser Center, NJ 08540, USA. hhtp://www.princetonlaser.com
authors.forename: B N
authors.initials: BN
authors.lastname: Wasserman
authors.forename: D T
authors.initials: DT
authors.lastname: Sprunger
authors.forename: E M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Helveston
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D019882:Blepharoplasty / Q000379:methods*; D001763:Blepharoptosis / Q000601:surgery*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005143:Eyelids / Q000601:surgery*; D005206:Fascia Lata / Q000637:transplantation*; D015745:Granuloma, Foreign-Body / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D009757:Nylons; D009801:Oculomotor Muscles / Q000601:surgery*; D011091:Polyesters; D011126:Polypropylenes; D011138:Polytetrafluoroethylene; D019736:Prostheses and Implants; D019919:Prosthesis Implantation / Q000009:adverse effects; D016459:Prosthesis-Related Infections / Q000209:etiology; D012008:Recurrence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D009757:Nylons; D011091:Polyesters; D011126:Polypropylenes; D011138:Polytetrafluoroethylene