Urine analysis by laser Raman spectroscopy.
OBJECTIVE
We examine the use of Raman spectroscopy to analyze components in human urine.


METHODS
Targeted urine components include urea, uric acid, and creatinine.


RESULTS
Urea concentration in urine is sufficiently high that normal Raman spectroscopy may be used for its analysis. All other components are in low concentrations requiring the use of surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopic methods (SERS).


CONCLUSIONS
Both normal Raman and SERS approaches have been investigated for total urine-nitrogen determination, urine urea-nitrogen determination, and for the urea/creatinine excretion ratio.
Premasiri
W R
WR
Chemistry Department, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
Clarke
R H
RH
Womble
M E
ME
D003404:Creatinine / Q000652:urine; D006801:Humans; D013059:Spectrum Analysis, Raman; D014508:Urea / Q000652:urine; D014527:Uric Acid / Q000652:urine; D016482:Urinalysis / Q000379:methods*
D014527:Uric Acid; D014508:Urea; D003404:Creatinine