title: When groups are more competitive than individuals: the domain of the discontinuity effect.
abstract: The related goals of the research were to delineate the domain of discontinuity, 1st by demonstrating its occurrence in a nonmatrix situation and, 2nd, by establishing the antecedent outcome conditions necessary for producing a discontinuity effect. The 1st goal was met by designing a mixed motive situation involving the production of origami products. Under these conditions, the magnitude of the discontinuity effect did not significantly differ from that in a matrix-only condition. The 2nd goal was met by a separate experiment that used H. H. Kelley and J. W. Thibaut's (1978) analysis of degree of noncorrespondence of outcomes. This experiment demonstrated that as noncorrespondence increased, so did the rate of competitive responding by groups but not by individuals. This pattern was qualified by an interaction with gender such that competitiveness was more markedly affected by noncorrespondence for groups of women than for groups of men.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 27599-3270, USA.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Schopler
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Insko
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wieselquist
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pemberton
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Witcher
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kozar
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Roddenberry
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wildschut
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003163:Competitive Behavior; D005260:Female; D006126:Group Processes; D006801:Humans; D007398:Interpersonal Relations; D008297:Male; D011897:Random Allocation