title: Use of Iscador, an extract of European mistletoe (Viscum album), in cancer treatment: prospective nonrandomized and randomized matched-pair studies nested within a cohort study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In anthroposophical medicine, total extracts of Viscum album (mistletoe) have been developed to treat cancer patients. The oldest such product is Iscador. Although Iscador is regarded as a complementary cancer therapy, it is the most commonly used oncological drug in Germany.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether Iscador treatment prolongs survival time of patients with carcinoma of the colon, rectum, or stomach; breast carcinoma with or without axillary or remote metastases; or small cell or non-small-cell bronchogenic carcinoma; and to explore synergies between Iscador treatment and psychosomatic self-regulation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective nonrandomized and randomized matched-pair studies nested within a cohort study.
  
  
  METHODS
  General community in Germany.
  
  
  METHODS
  10,226 cancer patients involved in a prospective long-term epidemiological cohort study, including 1668 patients treated with Iscador and 8475 who had taken neither Iscador nor any other mistletoe product (control patients).
  
  
  METHODS
  Iscador.
  
  
  METHODS
  Survival time.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the nonrandomized matched-pair study, survival time of patients treated with Iscador was longer for all types of cancer studied. In the pool of 396 matched pairs, mean survival time in the Iscador groups (4.23 years) was roughly 40% longer than in the control groups (3.05 years; P < .001). Synergies between Iscador treatment and self-regulation manifested in a longer survival advantage for Iscador patients with good self-regulation (56% relative to control group; P = .03) than for patients with poor self-regulation. Results of the 2 randomized matched-pair studies largely confirmed the results of the non-randomized studies.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Iscador treatment can achieve a clinically relevant prolongation of survival time of cancer patients and appears to stimulate self-regulation.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Preventive Medicine, European Center for Peace and Development, United Nations, Heidelberg, Germany.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Grossarth-Maticek
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kiene
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Baumgartner
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ziegler
mesh_terms: D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D005858:Germany / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D014784:Mistletoe; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality*; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010940:Plant Proteins; D010946:Plants, Medicinal; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016019:Survival Analysis
chemical_list: D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; D010936:Plant Extracts; D010940:Plant Proteins; C077177:viscum album peptide