title: Identification of poor responders to erythropoietin among children undergoing hemodialysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To identify the factors determining a high recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEPO) dose requirement and associated side effects in children undergoing hemodialysis.
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 23 children (aged 5-20 years) undergoing long-term hemodialysis. All subjects received intravenous rHuEPO to maintain hemoglobin levels > or = 10 g/dL and had iron supplement. Subjects were divided into 2 groups: those receiving high-dose rHuEPO (> or = 450 U/kg/wk) and those receiving an average dose (< 450 U/kg/wk). We compared the specific variables between both groups by using Mann-Whitney, Fisher exact, and linear regression tests; a P value < .05 was considered significant.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Four of 23 subjects (17%) received high-dose rHuEPO despite iron repletion. These subjects were small and young and had frequent bacterial infections, high ferritin levels, and severe hyperparathyroidism. Two patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection required high-dose rHuEPO. The main adverse effect of high-dose rHuEPO was an increase in the heparin requirement during hemodialysis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Age, body weight, inflammatory status, and severity of hyperparathyroidism should be taken into account when adjusting rHuEPO dose for children undergoing hemodialysis. Furthermore, we suggest that high rHuEPO doses are related to an increase in the heparin requirement in these children.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pediatric Nephrology, University of Miami/Jackson Children's Hospital, Miami, Florida, USA.
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Seeherunvong
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Rubio
authors.forename: C L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Abitbol
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Montané
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Strauss
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Diaz
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zilleruelo
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D018798:Anemia, Iron-Deficiency / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D001835:Body Weight; D002648:Child; D004921:Erythropoietin / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D005260:Female; D005293:Ferritins / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D006962:Hyperparathyroidism, Secondary / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000150:complications / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D010281:Parathyroid Hormone / Q000097:blood; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D006435:Renal Dialysis / Q000009:adverse effects*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D010281:Parathyroid Hormone; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D004921:Erythropoietin; D005293:Ferritins