title: Enhancement of cerebral diseases: how much contrast agent is enough? Comparison of 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3 mmol/kg gadoteridol at 0.2 T with 0.1 mmol/kg gadoteridol at 1.5 T.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the clinical dose of gadoteridol (ProHance, Bracco-Byk Gulden) to use for the assessment of blood-brain barrier breakdown on low-field magnetic resonance (MR) scanners that corresponds to a standard dose of gadoteridol on high-field MR scanners.
  
  
  METHODS
  This prospective study was carried out at four centers. A total of 138 patients with suspected or known brain diseases underwent a routine head scan comprising precontrast T2-weighted turbo spin-echo and T1-weighted spin-echo sequences on a 1.5-T MR scanner. After administration of a standard dose of 0.1 mmol/kg gadoteridol, the T1-weighted scan was repeated after a delay of 15 to 20 minutes. For continuing the examination on a 0.2-T MR scanner (Magnetom OPEN, Siemens), a standard-dose T1 spin-echo sequence was started within 30 to 50 minutes of the first injection. Then two additional T1-weighted low-field sequences were each started 5 minutes after two additional doses of 0.1 mmol/kg gadoteridol. Eighty patients with enhancing lesions underwent an intraindividual comparison. Evaluation of the overall numbers of lesions detected and of lesion size and character was performed on-site as well as off-site by two independent readers.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The single-dose, low-field sequence detected significantly fewer enhancing lesions (80/95 lesions; P < 0.05), particularly metastases and infarctions, than did the standard-dose, high-field sequence. No statistically relevant differences (reader 1: P = 1; reader 2: P = 0.8) were found between the double- and triple-dose, low-field sequences and the standard-dose, high-field sequence. Primary brain tumors were detected by all postcontrast sequences irrespective of the dose.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  At low field, the clinically equivalent dose to 0.1 mmol/kg gadoteridol at high field is 0.2 mmol/kg. A dose of 0.1 mmol/kg gadoteridol is less effective and cannot be recommended for use on extremely low-field scanners.
authors.affiliation: Bracco-Byk Gulden, Konstanz, Germany. caspar.brekenfeld@dmr.usz.ch
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Brekenfeld
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Foert
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Hundt
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Kenn
authors.forename: K P
authors.initials: KP
authors.lastname: Lodeann
authors.forename: H B
authors.initials: HB
authors.lastname: Gehl
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001927:Brain Diseases / Q000473:pathology*; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005260:Female; D005682:Gadolinium; D006571:Heterocyclic Compounds / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009942:Organometallic Compounds / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D011446:Prospective Studies
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D006571:Heterocyclic Compounds; D009942:Organometallic Compounds; C062402:gadoteridol; D005682:Gadolinium