title: Enhanced therapeutic effect of HSV-tk+GCV gene therapy and ionizing radiation for prostate cancer.
abstract: Standard therapies for prostate cancer including radiation, prostatectomy, and hormone ablation have significant toxicities and recurrence risk. HSV-tk gene therapy may be effective in combination with radiation therapy due to complementary mechanisms and distinct toxicity profiles. Mouse prostate tumors transplanted subcutaneously were treated by either gene therapy involving intratumoral injection of AdV-tk followed by systemic ganciclovir or local radiation therapy or the combination of gene and radiation therapy. Both single-therapy modalities showed a 38% decrease in tumor growth compared to controls. The combined treatment resulted in a decrease of 61%. In addition the combined-therapy group had a mean survival of 22 days versus 16.6 days for single therapy and 13.8 days for nontreated controls. To analyze systemic anti-tumor activity, lung metastases were generated by tail vein injection of RM-1 prostate cancer cells on the same day that they were injected subcutaneously. The primary tumors were treated as before with AdV-tk followed by ganciclovir, radiation, or the combination. The number of lung nodules was reduced by 37% following treatment with AdV-tk, whereas radiotherapy alone had no effect on metastatic growth. The combination led to an additional 50% reduction in lung colonization. Primary tumors that received the combination therapy had a marked increase in CD4 T cell infiltrate. This is the first report showing a dramatic systemic effect following the local combination treatment of radiation and AdV-tk. A clinical study using this strategy has been initiated and patient accrual is ongoing.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chhikara
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: M T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Vlachaki
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Teh
authors.forename: K J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Chiu
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Woo
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Berner
authors.forename: E O
authors.initials: EO
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: K C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Oberg
authors.forename: L K
authors.initials: LK
authors.lastname: Aguilar
authors.forename: T C
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Thompson
authors.forename: E B
authors.initials: EB
authors.lastname: Butler
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Aguilar-Cordova
mesh_terms: D000256:Adenoviridae / Q000235:genetics; D000818:Animals; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000378:metabolism; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D015774:Ganciclovir / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015316:Genetic Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000556:secondary; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy* / Q000628:therapy*; D018139:Simplexvirus / Q000235:genetics*; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D000998:Antiviral Agents; D015774:Ganciclovir