title: In vitro susceptibilities of bacterial ocular isolates to fluoroquinolones.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate and compare the in vitro antimicrobial activity of levofloxacin versus ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin against ocular isolates from patients with bacterial conjunctivitis.
  
  
  METHODS
  The in vitro antimicrobial susceptibilities of ocular isolates to levofloxacin, ofloxacin, and ciprofloxacin were determined using both the agar disk diffusion and broth dilution methods.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Disk diffusion susceptibility testing disclosed that 99% (100 of 101 isolates) of gram-negative isolates and 98% (127 of 129 isolates) of gram-positive isolates were susceptible to levofloxacin; 96% (97 of 101 isolates) of gram-negative isolates and 78% (100 of 129 isolates) of gram-positive isolates were susceptible to ofloxacin; and 94% (95 of 101 isolates) of gram-negative isolates and 61% (79 of 129 isolates) of gram-positive isolates were susceptible to ciprofloxacin. Broth dilution testing disclosed that 99% (72 of 73 isolates) of gram-negative isolates and 98% (111 of 113 isolates) of gram-positive isolates were susceptible to levofloxacin; 96% (70 of 73 isolates) of gram-negative isolates and 92% (104 of 113 isolates) of gram-positive isolates were susceptible to ofloxacin; and 95% (69 of 73 isolates) of gram-negative isolates and 82% (93 of 113 isolates) of gram-positive isolates were susceptible to ciprofloxacin.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this study, levofloxacin demonstrated superior in vitro activity against human bacterial conjunctival isolates compared with either ofloxacin or ciprofloxacin (levofloxacin > ofloxacin > ciprofloxacin).
authors.affiliation: Santen, Inc., Napa, California 94558, USA. agraves@santen-inc.com
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Graves
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Henry
authors.forename: T P
authors.initials: TP
authors.lastname: O'Brien
authors.forename: D G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Hwang
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Van Buskirk
authors.forename: M D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Trousdale
mesh_terms: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001419:Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D002939:Ciprofloxacin / Q000494:pharmacology; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D003234:Conjunctivitis, Bacterial / Q000382:microbiology; D004341:Drug Evaluation; D004352:Drug Resistance, Microbial; D006801:Humans; D064704:Levofloxacin; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D015242:Ofloxacin / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D002939:Ciprofloxacin; D064704:Levofloxacin; D015242:Ofloxacin