title: Continuous fascia iliaca compartment block in children: a prospective evaluation of plasma bupivacaine concentrations, pain scores, and side effects.
abstract: We sought to determine the plasma concentrations of bupivacaine and its main metabolite after continuous fascia iliaca compartment (FIC) block in children. Twenty children (9.9 +/- 4 yr, 38 +/- 19 kg) received a continuous FIC block for either postoperative analgesia (n = 16) or femoral shaft fracture (n = 4). A bolus dose of 0.25% bupivacaine (1.56 +/- 0.3 mg/kg) with epinephrine was followed by a continuous administration of 0.1% bupivacaine (0.135 +/- 0.03 mg. kg(-)(1). h(-)(1)) for 48 h. Plasma bupivacaine levels were determined at 24 h and 48 h by using gas liquid chromatography. Heart rate, arterial blood pressure, respiratory rate, side effects, and pain scores were recorded at 4-h intervals during 48 h. No significant differences were found between mean plasma bupivacaine levels at 24 h (0.71 +/- 0.4 microg/mL) and at 48 h (0.84 +/- 0.4 microg/mL) (P = 0.33). FIC block provided adequate analgesia in most cases. No severe adverse effects were noted. We conclude that the bupivacaine plasma concentrations during continuous FIC block in children are within the safety margins. FIC block is well tolerated, and provides satisfactory pain relief in most cases.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this study, we have shown that, in children, continuous fascia iliaca compartment block, a technique providing neural blockade of the thigh and the anterior part of the knee, was associated with safe plasma bupivacaine concentrations, was well tolerated, and provided satisfactory pain scores in most cases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Anesthesia and Intensive Care, La Timone University Hospital, Bd Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseilles Cedex 5, France. opaut@ap-hm.fr
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Paut
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sallabery
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Schreiber-Deturmeny
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rémond
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bruguerolle
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Camboulives
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000097:blood*; D002045:Bupivacaine / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000097:blood*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005264:Femoral Fractures / Q000150:complications; D005267:Femoral Nerve; D006801:Humans; D009407:Nerve Block; D059408:Pain Management; D010147:Pain Measurement; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000628:therapy
chemical_list: D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D002045:Bupivacaine