title: Scanning electron microscopic study on double and single eyelids in Orientals.
abstract: The conventional theory is that Occidentals have a terminal insertion of the levator aponeurosis at the anterior portion, resulting in a double eyelid, whereas in Orientals this fiber is not present, and therefore results in a single eyelid have been anatomically demonstrated. However, there have been more than a few reports indicating that the anatomical difference between a single eyelid and double eyelid in Orientals cannot be explained by this theory. Therefore, in order to verify the direction of the levator aponeurosis in the eyelids of Orientals, we observed Japanese eyelids using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). As a result of three-dimensional, cross-sectional observations using SEM, we were able to confirm the existence of a branch of the levator aponeurosis that runs through the layer of the orbicularis oculi muscle and connects with the levator aponeurosis in the double eyelid, as in the occidental eyelid. This was not seen in the single eyelid. It is thought that this new anatomical finding will become an important fundamental for double eyelid operations in Orientals.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Morikawa
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Uchinuma
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yamashina
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D044466:Asian People; D019882:Blepharoplasty; D005143:Eyelids / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000601:surgery / Q000648:ultrastructure; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D009801:Oculomotor Muscles / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D044465:White People