title: A method for the repair of vesicovaginal fistulas.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the efficacy of the sliding layers method for repairing vesicovaginal fistulas caused by surgical trauma.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty one women suffering from vesicovaginal fistulas after surgical trauma, operated on between 1990 and 1995 using the sliding layers method, were included in an uncontrolled prospective study and followed 24 months after the procedure. Patient outcome was assessed according to subjective estimation, gynecological examination and objectively by instillation of diluted methylene blue to the urinary bladder.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sixteen out of 21 patients suffered vesicovaginal fistulas after being subjected to abdominal hysterectomy and five patients after vaginal surgery. Fourteen fistulas were located 5 to 10 mm over the interureteric edge, five fistulas were in the trigone and two fistulas were in the bladder neck region. Fistula size ranged from 5 to 35 mm in diameter but 72.1% of patient fistulas were less than 10 mm in diameter. Only one patient had a large bladder defect of 35 mm in diameter. According to subjective estimation and objective assessment the overall success rate of the procedure after 2 years was 95.2%. Only one patient had to be subjected to a second successful attempt for fistula closure.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The sliding layers method is a safe and reliable vaginal surgical approach for the repair of vesicovaginal fistulas after surgical trauma.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gynecological Surgery and Urology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia. dusko.milicic@med-fakzg.tel.hr
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Milicić
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sprem
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bagović
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007044:Hysterectomy / Q000009:adverse effects; D008875:Middle Aged; D011182:Postoperative Care; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D012086:Reoperation; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014621:Vagina / Q000601:surgery; D014719:Vesicovaginal Fistula / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery*