title: Elevated plasma F2-isoprostanes in patients on long-term hemodialysis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  End-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients on long-term hemodialysis (HD) may be under increased oxidative stress, caused by either HD or renal failure. Plasma F2-isoprostanes have been established as an important indicator of in vivo oxidative stress.
  
  
  METHODS
  Plasma esterified F2-isoprostanes were measured in 25 HD patients and 23 controls with normal renal function, employing gas chromatography-mass spectrometry with negative chemical ionization (GC-MS-NCI). C-reactive protein (CRP) was determined concurrently in patients and controls by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). alpha-Tocopherol, retinol, albumin and creatinine were also determined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The average total esterified F2-isoprostanes in the ESRD patients was 1.62 +/- 0.73 vs. 0.27 +/- 0.10 ng/mL in controls (P < 0.001), with no overlap between patients and controls. Plasma F2-isoprostanes in diabetic ESRD patients were similar to F2-isoprostanes in patients with other causes for renal failure. In a subset of 10 of these ESRD patients evaluated eight months after the initial measurement, plasma-esterified F2-isoprostanes were not altered by an individual dialysis session. Average plasma CRP values were also higher in HD patients (P < 0.02), but some patients had CRP values that were similar to controls. In the HD patients, total plasma F2-isoprostanes and plasma CRP were correlated (r = 0.48, P = 0.015). Plasma alpha-tocopherol did not differ between patients and controls, but plasma retinol was higher in patients (3.15 +/- 1.71 micromol/L) than in controls (1.97 +/- 0.51 micromol/L, P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results are consistent with the hypothesis that oxidative stress in ESRD patients contributes to increased values of esterified plasma F2-isoprostanes, with concurrent increases in plasma CRP levels in some patients. Impaired clearance of esterified F2-isoprostanes may contribute to the elevated levels in renal failure. Plasma esterified F2-isoprostanes may be a useful indicator to evaluate effectiveness of interventions to decrease oxidative stress and associated inflammation.
authors.affiliation: Antioxidants Research Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. garry_handelman@uml.edu
authors.forename: G J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Handelman
authors.forename: M F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Walter
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Adhikarla
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gross
authors.forename: G E
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Dallal
authors.forename: N W
authors.initials: NW
authors.lastname: Levin
authors.forename: J B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Blumberg
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D015237:Dinoprost / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000097:blood* / Q000737:chemistry; D004951:Esterification; D028441:F2-Isoprostanes; D005260:Female; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D006801:Humans; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000097:blood / Q000628:therapy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D006435:Renal Dialysis / Q000009:adverse effects*; D014801:Vitamin A / Q000097:blood; D014810:Vitamin E / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D028441:F2-Isoprostanes; D014801:Vitamin A; D014810:Vitamin E; D002097:C-Reactive Protein; D015237:Dinoprost