title: Involvement of the activation loop of ERK in the detachment from cytosolic anchoring.
abstract: The Extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERKs) are translocated into the nucleus in response to mitogenic stimulation. The mechanism of translocation and the residues in ERKs that govern this process are not clear as yet. Here we studied the involvement of residues in the activation loop of ERK2 in determining its subcellular localization. Substitution of residues in the activation loop to alanines indicated that residues 173-181 do not play a significant role in the phosphorylation and activation of ERK2. However, residues 176-181 are responsible for the detachment of ERK2 from MEK1 upon mitogenic stimulation. This dissociation can be mimicked by substitution of residues 176-178 to alanines and is prevented by deletion of these residues or by substitution of residues 179-181 to alanines. On the other hand, residues 176-181, as well as residues essential for ERK2 dimerization, do not play a role in the shuttle of ERK2 through nuclear pores. Thus, phosphorylation-induced conformational rearrangement of residues in the activation loop of ERK2 plays a major role in the control of subcellular localization of this protein.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Regulation, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Wolf
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Rubinfeld
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yoon
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Marmor
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hanoch
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Seger
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D019943:Amino Acid Substitution; D000818:Animals; D016466:CHO Cells; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000201:enzymology; D006224:Cricetinae; D003600:Cytosol / Q000201:enzymology*; D019281:Dimerization; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D048369:MAP Kinase Kinase 1; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D020929:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D011487:Protein Conformation; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship
chemical_list: D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1; D048369:MAP Kinase Kinase 1; D020929:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases