title: Attributable risk of common and rare determinants of subarachnoid hemorrhage.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Smoking, hypertension, alcohol consumption, autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD), and positive family history for subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) are well-known risk factors for SAH. For effective prevention, knowledge about the contribution of these risk factors to the overall occurrence of SAH in the general population is pivotal. We therefore investigated the population attributable risks of the risk factors for SAH.
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrieved the relative risk and prevalence of established risk factors for SAH from the literature and calculated the population attributable risks of these risk factors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Drinking alcohol 100 to 299 g/wk accounted for 11% of the cases of SAH, drinking alcohol >/=300 g/wk accounted for 21%, and smoking accounted for 20%. An additional 17% of the cases could be attributed to hypertension, 11% to a positive family history for SAH, and 0.3% to ADPKD.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Screening and preventive treatment of patients with familial preponderance of SAH alone will cause a modest reduction of the incidence of SAH in the general population. Further reduction can be achieved by reducing the prevalence of the modifiable risk factors alcohol consumption, smoking, and hypertension.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Utrecht (Netherlands). ij.m.ruigrok@neuro.azu.nl
authors.forename: Y M
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Ruigrok
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Buskens
authors.forename: G J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Rinkel
mesh_terms: D020268:Alcohol-Induced Disorders, Nervous System / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015984:Causality; D015897:Comorbidity; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015994:Incidence; D016891:Polycystic Kidney, Autosomal Dominant / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000235:genetics; D015995:Prevalence; D012306:Risk; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology*; D013345:Subarachnoid Hemorrhage / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000235:genetics*