Black carbon aerosol at McMurdo Station, Antarctica.
Aerosol light absorption as black carbon (BC) was measured from November 19, 1995, to February 6, 1996, at a location 0.65 km downwind of the center of McMurdo Station on the Antarctic coast. The results show a bimodal frequency distribution of BC concentrations. Approximately 65% of the measurements were found in a mode at a low range of concentrations centered at approximately 20 ng/m3. These concentrations are higher than those found at other remote Antarctic locations and probably represent contamination from the station. The remaining measurements were in a high-concentration mode (BC approximately 300 ng/m3), indicating direct impact of local emissions from combustion activities at the station. High values of BC were associated with winds from the direction of the station, and the BC flux showed a clear directionality. Maximum BC concentrations occurred between 7:00 and 11:00 a.m. The "polluted" mode accounted for more than 80% of the BC frequency-weighted impact at this location.
Hansen
A D
AD
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA.
Lowenthal
D H
DH
Chow
J C
JC
Watson
J G
JG
D000336:Aerosols; D000392:Air Movements; D000397:Air Pollution / Q000032:analysis*; D000864:Antarctic Regions; D002244:Carbon / Q000032:analysis*; D003031:Coal; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods; D017745:Incineration; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013997:Time Factors
D000336:Aerosols; D003031:Coal; D002244:Carbon