title: Macrosomia associated with maternal serum insulin-like growth factor-I and -II in diabetic pregnancy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the possible relation between maternal serum insulin-like growth factor I and II (IGF-I and IGF-II) in women with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and fetal macrosomia.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a prospective, observational study of 45 pregnant women with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus without overt nephropathy, examined in an outpatient, antenatal diabetic clinic. Maternal venous serum samples were collected from week 14 every fourth week until week 30, and every other week until delivery. Levels of IGF-I and -II were measured in maternal serum by immunoassays. The repeated measurements were tested with two-way analysis of variance. The outcome measures were birth weight and serum IGF-I, IGF-II, IGF binding protein (BP)-3, and IGFBP-3 proteases. Before the study, minimum sampling size was calculated as 14 subjects in each group if a difference in IGF-I of 50 microg/L was to be detected with an estimated standard deviation of 40, a two-sided P value (alpha) of.05, and a power of 90 (beta =.1).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Increasing levels of IGF-I and -II were significantly associated with the birth-weight groups: The higher the birth-weight ratio, the higher the levels of IGF-I and -II (P <.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Macrosomia in diabetic pregnancy is associated with high levels of maternal IGF-I and -II.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gynecology, Skejby Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark. affl@ringamt.dk
authors.forename: F F
authors.initials: FF
authors.lastname: Lauszus
authors.forename: J G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Klebe
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Flyvbjerg
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis; D005260:Female; D005320:Fetal Macrosomia / Q000175:diagnosis*; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / Q000032:analysis* / Q000096:biosynthesis; D007335:Insulin-Like Growth Factor II / Q000032:analysis* / Q000096:biosynthesis; D011247:Pregnancy; D011254:Pregnancy in Diabetics / Q000097:blood*; D018566:Pregnancy, High-Risk; D011295:Prenatal Care; D011336:Probability; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I; D007335:Insulin-Like Growth Factor II