title: Urethral sensitivity and the impact on urinary continence in patients with an ileal bladder substitute after cystectomy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  After cystectomy and ileal bladder substitution, sensitivity in the membranous urethra correlates with postoperative urinary continence. We determine whether sensitivity is decreased only in the most proximal part of the urethra or also more distally in the bulbar urethra, which would give some indication as to which nerves may be injured during radical cystoprostatectomy.
  
  
  METHODS
  The sensory threshold for electrical stimulation was measured with double ring electrodes in the membranous urethra, and 2.5 cm. distally to it in 41 men after cystectomy and ileal bladder substitution, and in a control group of 29 men.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean sensory threshold plus or minus standard deviation of the membranous urethra was 9 +/- 2 mA. in the control group compared to 26 +/- 11 mA. in the postoperative group (p <0.001). Mean sensory threshold 2.5 cm. distal to the membranous urethra was 8 +/- 3 versus 9 +/- 3 mA. in the control and postoperative groups, respectively (not significant). Patients with daytime continence had a mean threshold of 22 +/- 8 mA. in the membranous urethra compared to 38 +/- 11 mA. in those who were incontinent (p <0.004) and a threshold of 8 +/- 3 mA. 2.5 cm. distal to the membranous urethra compared to 8 +/- 2 mA. in those who were incontinent (not significant).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  After cystectomy and ileal bladder substitution, urethral sensitivity 2.5 cm. distal to the membranous urethra is unaffected by surgery and does not correlate with postoperative continence. In contrast, a decreased sensitivity in the membranous urethra correlates with an increased risk of postoperative incontinence. Preservation of sensitivity in the membranous urethra seems to be an important factor for achieving continence after cystectomy and ileal bladder substitution, and does not seem to be dependent on the extrapelvic portion of the pudendal nerve.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, University of Berne, Inselspital, Berne, Switzerland.
authors.forename: C L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Hugonnet
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Danuser
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Springer
authors.forename: U E
authors.initials: UE
authors.lastname: Studer
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015653:Cystectomy / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D006801:Humans; D007082:Ileum / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011468:Prostatectomy; D012684:Sensory Thresholds; D014521:Urethra / Q000294:innervation* / Q000502:physiology; D014549:Urinary Incontinence / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D016476:Urinary Reservoirs, Continent / Q000502:physiology*; D014554:Urination / Q000502:physiology*