title: Indoor thermal fogging application of pesguard FG 161, a mixture of d-tetramethrin and cyphenothrin, using portable sprayer against vector mosquitoes in the tropical environment.
abstract: Indoor bioefficacy of the thermal fogging application of Pesguard FG 161, a formulation containing both knockdown and killing agents (active ingredient [AI]: d-tetramethrin 4% [w/w] and cyphenothrin 12% [w/w]) was compared with Resigen5 (AI: s-bioallethrin 0.8% [w/w], permethrin 125/75] 18.7% [w/w], and piperonyl butoxide 16.8% [w/w]), another pyrethroid formulation, as larvicides and adulticides against Aedes aegypti, Aedes albopictus, Anopheles sinensis, and Culex quinquefasciatus using a portable Agrofog AF35 sprayer indoors in houses on Penang Island, Malaysia. Pesguard FG 161 at the concentrations tested was effective against all 4 mosquito species tested. The water-based Pesguard FG 161 performed far better as a larvicide than the diesel-based formulation. Resigen was also effective as a larvicide and adulticide against all 4 mosquito species tested. Larvae of Ae. aegypti were most susceptible to water-based Pesguard FG 161, followed by Cx. quinquefasciatus, An. sinensis, and Ae. albopictus. Even at the lowest concentrations tested, Pesguard FG 161 showed adequate adulticidal properties. At higher dosages, water-based Pesguard FG 161 proved effective as a larvicide against all 4 mosquito species.
authors.affiliation: Vector Control Research Unit, School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden, Penang.
authors.forename: H H
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Yap
authors.forename: Y W
authors.initials: YW
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zairi
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Jahangir
authors.forename: C R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Adanan
mesh_terms: D000330:Aedes; D000336:Aerosols; D000818:Animals; D000852:Anopheles; D003465:Culex; D005260:Female; D007303:Insect Vectors; D007306:Insecticides; D008296:Malaysia; D009032:Mosquito Control / Q000379:methods*; D011722:Pyrethrins; D014329:Tropical Climate
chemical_list: D000336:Aerosols; D007306:Insecticides; D011722:Pyrethrins; C051001:cyphenothrin; C009424:tetramethrin