title: Bcl-xL blocks transforming growth factor-beta 1-induced apoptosis by inhibiting cytochrome c release and not by directly antagonizing Apaf-1-dependent caspase activation in prostate epithelial cells.
abstract: The mechanism by which transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) induces apoptosis of prostate epithelial cells was studied in the NRP-154 rat prostate epithelial cell line. TGF-beta 1 down-regulates expression of Bcl-xL and poly(ADP-ribosyl)polymerase (PARP), promotes cytochrome c release, up-regulates expression of latent caspase-3, and activates caspases 3 and 9. We tested the role of Bcl-xL in this cascade by stably overexpressing Bcl-xL to prevent loss by TGF-beta 1. Clones overexpressing Bcl-xL are resistant to TGF-beta 1 with respect to induction of apoptosis, cytochrome c release, activation of caspases 9 and 3, and cleavage of PARP; yet they remain sensitive to TGF-beta 1 by cell cycle arrest, induction of both fibronectin and latent caspase-3 expression, and loss of PARP expression. We show that Bcl-xL associates with Apaf-1 in NRP-154 cells; but this association does not inhibit the activation of caspases 9 and 3 by cytochrome c. Together, our data suggest that TGF-beta1 induces apoptosis through loss of Bcl-xL, leading to cytochrome c release and the subsequent activation of caspases 9 and 3. Moreover, our data demonstrate that the antiapoptotic effect of Bcl-xL occurs by inhibition of mitochondrial cytochrome c release and not through antagonizing Apaf-1-dependent processing of caspases 9 and 3.
authors.affiliation: Ireland Cancer Center Research Laboratories, Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University/University Hospitals of Cleveland, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA.
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Chipuk
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bhat
authors.forename: A Y
authors.initials: AY
authors.lastname: Hsing
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Danielpour
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D053477:Apoptotic Protease-Activating Factor 1; D020169:Caspases / Q000378:metabolism; D002460:Cell Line; D003574:Cytochrome c Group / Q000378:metabolism; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011467:Prostate / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D011506:Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D051020:bcl-X Protein
chemical_list: C506592:APAF1 protein, human; C506594:Apaf1 protein, rat; D053477:Apoptotic Protease-Activating Factor 1; C494811:BCL2L1 protein, human; D003574:Cytochrome c Group; D011506:Proteins; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D051020:bcl-X Protein; D020169:Caspases