title: Comprehensive evaluation of community-based diabetic patients: effect of feedback to patients and their physicians: a randomized controlled trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To demonstrate improvements in diabetes care stimulated by comprehensive evaluation of community-based diabetic patients with feedback to the patients and their physicians.
  
  
  METHODS
  A comprehensive evaluation of community-based diabetic patients with annotated reporting of results to both patients and their physicians (universal intervention) was followed by random assignment of 50% of patients to individual counseling (randomized intervention). In four communities, two large and two small, 55 type 1 and 376 type 2 diabetic patients were recruited, evaluated, and reassessed at 1 year. Outcome measures were HbA1c, serum cholesterol, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were significant improvements in all outcome measures for type 2 diabetic patients randomized to individual counseling (P = 0.03; follow-up rate 84%) and significant improvements in all outcome measures for all high-risk type 2 patients (highest P value = 0.004; follow-up rate 85%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Comprehensive evaluation of diabetic patients at the community level with annotated reporting of results to the patients and their physicians was associated with improvement of mean HbA1c, cholesterol, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure, particularly in patients in high-risk status for these outcome variables. Individual counseling of 50% of patients, randomly selected, enhanced these results.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Education, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor 48109-0201, USA. redhiss@umich.edu
authors.forename: R G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Hiss
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Gillard
authors.forename: B A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Armbruster
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: McClure
mesh_terms: D001794:Blood Pressure; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003142:Communication; D003376:Counseling; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology* / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008824:Michigan; D008875:Middle Aged; D010817:Physician-Patient Relations; D012907:Smoking; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D002784:Cholesterol; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin