title: RGS2: regulation of expression and nuclear localization.
abstract: RGS2, a Regulators of G-protein Signaling family member, regulates signaling activities of G-proteins, and RGS2 itself is controlled in part by regulation of its expression. This investigation extended previous studies of the regulation of RGS2 expression by examining the effects of stress, differentiation, and signaling activities on RGS2 mRNA level in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. Cell stress induced by heat shock rapidly and transiently increased RGS2 mRNA levels, whereas differentiation to a neuronal phenotype reduced basal RGS2 mRNA levels by 50%. RGS2 mRNA levels were increased in differentiated cells by heat shock, carbachol, and activation of protein kinase C. After transient transfection of GFP-tagged RGS2, a predominant nuclear localization was observed by confocal microscopy. Thus, RGS2 expression is regulated by stress and differentiation, as well as by second messenger signaling, and transfected GFP-RGS2 is predominantly nuclear.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 35294-0017, USA.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Zmijewski
authors.forename: R S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Jope
mesh_terms: D002217:Carbachol / Q000494:pharmacology; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects; D002460:Cell Line; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000378:metabolism*; D018679:Cholinergic Agonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D005576:Colforsin / Q000494:pharmacology; D003470:Culture Media / Q000494:pharmacology; D000242:Cyclic AMP / Q000378:metabolism; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins; D018869:Heat-Shock Response / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008164:Luminescent Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D009447:Neuroblastoma / Q000378:metabolism; D009474:Neurons / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D011493:Protein Kinase C / Q000378:metabolism; D020710:RGS Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015290:Second Messenger Systems / Q000187:drug effects; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate / Q000494:pharmacology; D014162:Transfection
chemical_list: D018679:Cholinergic Agonists; D003470:Culture Media; D008164:Luminescent Proteins; D020710:RGS Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; C105345:Rgs2 protein, mouse; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins; D005576:Colforsin; D002217:Carbachol; D000242:Cyclic AMP; D011493:Protein Kinase C; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate