title: 3-D simulation of craniofacial surgical procedures.
abstract: An integrated system for simulating craniofacial surgical procedures is presented. The system computes nonlinear soft-tissue deformation due to bone realignment. It is capable of simulating bone cutting and bone realignment with integrated interactive collision detection. Furthermore, soft-tissue deformation and cutting due to surgical instruments can be visualized. The system has been tested with several individual patient data sets. Simulation processes are based on a 3-D model of a patient's preoperative bone structure of the skull derived from a computer tomography scan and on a 3-D, photorealistic model of the patient's preoperative appearance obtained by a laser range scanner. The multi-layer soft-tissue model is represented by nonlinear springs. Very fast and robust prediction of nonlinear soft-tissue deformation is computed by optimizing a nonlinear cost function.
authors.affiliation: Telecommunications Laboratory, University Erlangen, Germany. teschner@LNT.de
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Teschner
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Girod
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Girod
mesh_terms: D002508:Cephalometry; D003196:Computer Graphics; D003198:Computer Simulation; D003399:Craniotomy; D006801:Humans; D008432:Mathematical Computing; D013515:Surgery, Oral; D014584:User-Computer Interface