title: Relevance of dyspnoea and respiratory function measurements in monitoring of asthma: a factor analysis.
abstract: Previous studies in patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease have demonstrated that objective measures (lung volumes and respiratory muscle force) and clinical or subjective measures (symptoms of breathlessness and exercise tolerance) are quantities that independently characterize the conditions of these patients. Such an evaluation has not been previously applied in patients with stable bronchial asthma. Sixty-nine patients with stable chronic asthma underwent evaluation of static (functional residual capacity, FRC) and dynamic [forced expiratory volume in 1 sec (FEV1) and forced vital capacity, FVC] lung volumes; respiratory muscle strength (RMS), by measuring maximal inspiratory and expiratory pressures, and exercise capacity by means of the 6-min walking distance (6MWD). Chronic exertional dyspnoea was assessed by the Baseline Dyspnoea Index (BDI) focal score and by the Medical Research Council (MRC) scale. Statistical evaluation was performed by applying factor analysis. Three factors accounted for 78% of the total variance in the data: FEV1, FVC loaded on a factor I; RMS, FRC and 6MWD loaded on a factor II; dyspnoea ratings loaded on a factor III. Post-hoc analysis by randomly dividing the patients into two subgroups gave the same results. In asthmatic patients, airway obstruction appeared as an independent dimension or factor. Dyspnoea independently characterized the condition of asthma. Submaximal exercise tolerance could not be associated with the symptom of breathlessness. Evidence of independent factors support the validity of routine, multi-factorial assessment and the primary goal of treatment to alleviate symptoms and improve functional capacity in stable asthmatics.
authors.affiliation: Fondazione Don C. Gnocchi Onlus, Pozzolatico, Firenze, Italy.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Grazzini
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Scano
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Foglio
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Duranti
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bianchi
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Gigliotti
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Rosi
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Stendardi
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ambrosino
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001249:Asthma / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004417:Dyspnea / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005080:Exercise Test; D005163:Factor Analysis, Statistical; D005260:Female; D005541:Forced Expiratory Volume / Q000502:physiology; D005652:Functional Residual Capacity / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D014797:Vital Capacity / Q000502:physiology