title: Ultrastructural examination is essential for diagnosis of papillary meningioma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Papillary meningioma is a rare meningeal tumour. To date only a few cases have been reported and their immunohistochemical features have not been fully documented.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A 49-year-old woman presented with a 2-month history of headaches and memory disturbance. CT and MRI imaging showed an enhancing pineal mass with extension into the occipital lobes and invasion of the splenium. At surgery, the tumour was found to be tough and vascular with a well-defined capsule. No recurrence was noted 19 months after the operation. In another case a 44-year-old woman was admitted with 1-month history of headaches, poor memory, imbalance and diplopia. CT scan showed a large hyperdense, uniformly, enhancing mass within the middle cranial fossa at the petrous ridge. The tumour recurred 19 and 25 months after first resection. The histology of both tumours was similar. The neoplasms contained polygonal cells with a moderate amount of cytoplasm, rounded regular nuclei and distinct cell borders. The cells were arranged radially around the blood vessels (perivascular pattern) and a papillary pattern was seen only focally. Mitotic figures were moderately frequent. Immunohistochemistry showed that both tumours were immunoreactive to vimentin and NSE, whereas GFAP, CAM5.2, EMA, S100 protein and synaptophysin were negative. Electron microscopy revealed interdigitating cell processes, desmosomes and intermediate filaments.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The histological and immunohistochemical features of these two tumours are complex and difficult to interpret. Although papillary meningiomas were considered in our initial differential diagnosis, the final conclusion was possible only when the ultrastructural features were revealed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuropathology, Neuroscience Centre, King's College Hospital, Institute of Psychiatry, London, UK. S.AI-Sarraj@iop.kcl.ac.uk
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Al-Sarraj
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: King
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jarosz
authors.forename: P L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Lantos
mesh_terms: D001706:Biopsy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008577:Meningeal Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D008579:Meningioma / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D008875:Middle Aged