title: An evaluation of thiram toxicity on cultured human skin fibroblasts.
abstract: Thiram is widely used in agriculture as a fungicide and, to a lesser extent, as a vulcanizing agent in the rubber industry. In spite of the extensive use of thiram, knowledge on its toxicity and health risk remains limited, and few investigations have been performed to assess specific damage at the cellular and subcellular level. We report here the cytotoxic effects of thiram on cultured human skin fibroblasts. Our results demonstrated that thiram exposure induced a dose- and time-dependent decrease in the viable cell recovery with 100% cell death observed with a concentration of 5.0 mg/l. As judged by morphological changes and biochemical criteria, thiram-mediated cell death was not of the apoptotic but seemed to be of the necrotic type. This cell death was not associated with a modification of gene expression of different constituents of the extracellular matrix. A late increase of lactate production was evident after thiram treatment, suggesting a mitochondrial metabolic pathway dysfunction as reported by other authors using similar compounds. However, this phenomenon appeared as a secondary response to the toxic action of thiram. The cytotoxic effect of thiram is possibly due to an oxidant effect inherent to the structure of thiram and the interaction between thiram and vital cellular molecules.
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de Biochimie, UF Culture de Cellules, Centre Hospitalier Lyon-Sud, Chemin du Grand Revoyet, Pierre-Bénite Cedex, France.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cereser
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Boget
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Parvaz
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Revol
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D053148:Caspase 3; D020169:Caspases / Q000378:metabolism; D002452:Cell Count; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D017931:DNA Primers / Q000737:chemistry; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005109:Extracellular Matrix / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology; D005659:Fungicides, Industrial / Q000633:toxicity*; D006801:Humans; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012867:Skin / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology; D013893:Thiram / Q000633:toxicity*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D017931:DNA Primers; D005659:Fungicides, Industrial; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D013893:Thiram; D019344:Lactic Acid; C505407:CASP3 protein, human; D053148:Caspase 3; D020169:Caspases