title: Prevention of intima hyperplasia by mitogen-activated protein kinase antisense oligodeoxynucleotide.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the preventive effect of Ca(2+)-calmodulin dependent kinase (CCDPK) (formerly: mitogen-activated protein kinase or MAPK) antisense phosphorothioate oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN) on vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation in vitro and on intima hyperplasia after injury in vivo.
  
  
  METHODS
  Liposomal transfection was used to introduce phosphorothioate-protected 17-mer antisense CCDPK ODN directed against the initiation of translation sites of the p42 and p44 CCDPK isoforms into cultured rat VSMC to deplete CCDPK and DNA synthesis induced by endothelin-1 (ET) or platelet derived growth factor (PDGF). A 17-mer sense and a random sequence CCDPK ODN were used as controls. CCDPK protein p44 and p42 levels were measured by Western blot. DNA synthesis was measured by [3H]thymidine incorporation. In in vivo study, rat balloon angioplasty was performed by a 2F Fogarty catheter. The antisense CCDPK ODN 200 micrograms was administered to the adventitial surface of the injured carotid artery by pluronic gel 30% (w/v) solution. Two weeks after vascular injury, carotid arteries were removed and cross sections were made and stained with hematoxylin/eosin for patho-histological examination. Fluorecein isothiocynate (FITC)-labeled and phosphorothioate-protected ODN was used to detect the uptake of ODN in vitro and in vivo.
  
  
  RESULTS
  CCDPK antisense ODN (0.4 mumol.L-1) reduced p42/p44 protein expression and inhibited VSMC [3H]thymidine incorporation stimulated by ET and PDGF. Antisense CCDPK ODN treatment at 2 wk after injury resulted in a significant inhibition of intima hyperplasia, compared with untreated vessels.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The p42/p44-CCDPK antisense ODN inhibits in vitro stimulated rat VSMC proliferation and in vivo injured arterial intima hyperplasia.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Hu-nan Medical University, Changsha 410078, China.
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Shan
authors.forename: Q S
authors.initials: QS
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Z G
authors.initials: ZG
authors.lastname: Guo
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001011:Aorta / Q000166:cytology; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004247:DNA / Q000096:biosynthesis; D006965:Hyperplasia / Q000517:prevention & control; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1 / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D009131:Muscle, Smooth, Vascular / Q000166:cytology*; D020319:Oligodeoxyribonucleotides, Antisense / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D017539:Tunica Intima / Q000473:pathology*
chemical_list: D020319:Oligodeoxyribonucleotides, Antisense; D004247:DNA; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1