title: The multimodality treatment of thymic carcinoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Thymic carcinoma is a rare neoplasm more invasive and with a poorer prognosis than ordinary thymoma. Complete curative resection is sometimes not possible, but good response rates to chemotherapy are reported in literature. We report our experience with seven cases of thymic carcinoma, who took part to a multimodality treatment including neoadjuvant chemotherapy, surgery and post-operative radiotherapy in our center.
  
  
  METHODS
  Since June 1989, seven previously untreated patients were enrolled. The primary chemotherapy consisted of three courses of cisplatin (P; 75 mg/m(2) i.v., day 1), epidoxorubicin (E; 100 mg/m(2) i.v., day 1) and etoposide (VP16; 120 mg/m(2) i.v., days 1, 3 and 5), every 3 weeks. Surgery was performed following complete hematological recovery. After surgery, all patients underwent radiation therapy to the tumor areas, operatively marked with clips, at doses of 45 (complete resection) or 60 Gy (incomplete resection).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The pre-operative diagnosis of thymic carcinoma was performed in four cases by a mediastinotomy, and in the remaining cases, by an ultrasound-guided (n=2) or a computed tompography-guided (n=1) fine needle aspiration. All patients responded (one completely) to the chemotherapy regimen. Surgical resection was complete in four cases (histological examination negative in one case). Three patients are still alive and well (62-136 months from the diagnosis), two are alive with relapse at 16 and 85 months, one patient died at 86 months from another cause, and one patient died at 18 months from local relapse and lung metastases.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A pre-operative shrinkage of the thymic carcinoma by means of neoadjuvant multi-drug chemotherapy may improve the resectability, and therefore, the survival rate. Our experience, although preliminary, is encouraging and merits additional study in a multicenter trial with a sufficient number of patients to draw definitive conclusions.
authors.affiliation: Cardiac and Thoracic Department, Division of Thoracic Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lucchi
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mussi
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Basolo
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Ambrogi
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Fontanini
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Angeletti
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017024:Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015996:Survival Rate; D013953:Thymus Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy*