title: Gastroesophageal endoscopic findings and gastrointestinal symptoms in preterm neonates with and without perinatal indomethacin exposure.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of this study was to investigate whether perinatal indomethacin treatment has effects on the development of esophageal and gastric lesions in preterm infants and to evaluate other potential etiologic factors behind these lesions.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty-nine infants were born at less than 33 weeks' gestation. Forty-five of these infants underwent treatment with perinatal indomethacin (study group) and 24 did not (control group). All underwent upper gastrointestinal tract endoscopy and biopsy during the neonatal period. The correlation between gastrointestinal symptoms, abnormal endoscopic findings, and the factors correlating with the development of esophageal and gastric mucosal lesions was evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Abnormal endoscopic findings were equally common in the study group (77.8%) and in controls (83.3%). There was no dependence between gastrointestinal symptoms and endoscopic findings because only 15 infants (21.7%) were symptomatic before endoscopy. The interval between endoscopy and the last perinatal indomethacin dose correlated significantly with abnormal esophageal findings and gastric mucosal lesions. Shorter duration of enteral feeding before endoscopy correlated with greater risk of abnormal esophageal findings. Older gestational age and need of ventilator treatment at the time of endoscopy remained the risk factors associated with abnormal gastric findings.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Esophageal and gastric lesions diagnosed by endoscopy correlate poorly with the gastrointestinal symptoms of patients. Short duration of enteral feeding seems to be correlated with an increased risk of esophageal mucosal lesions, increasing gestational age and ventilator treatment with gastric mucosal lesions, and perinatal indomethacin with esophageal and gastric mucosal lesions in preterm infants. Ventilator-treated preterm infants not receiving enteral nutrition and patients with indomethacin exposure might benefit from ulcer prophylaxis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Tampere University Hospital and Medical School, Finland.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ojala
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ruuska
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Karikoski
authors.forename: R S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Ikonen
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Tammela
mesh_terms: D001706:Biopsy; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004374:Ductus Arteriosus, Patent / Q000188:drug therapy; D016099:Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal; D004750:Enteral Nutrition / Q000009:adverse effects; D005260:Female; D005767:Gastrointestinal Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D007213:Indomethacin / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature; D007235:Infant, Premature, Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy*; D015931:Intensive Care, Neonatal; D008297:Male; D018743:Perinatal Care; D012307:Risk Factors; D015149:Tocolytic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects
chemical_list: D015149:Tocolytic Agents; D007213:Indomethacin