title: Dissolution of poorly crystalline apatite crystals by osteoclasts determined on artificial thin-film apatite.
abstract: Poorly crystalline apatite (PCA) crystals introduced into bone tissue should be stable for a definite period before they are dissolved as a result of a host response. In this report, the dissolution of PCA crystals by the action of osteoclasts was studied on artificial thin films. These consisted of PCA crystals having similar crystallographic properties to bone crystals which were developed for assaying the osteoclast activity in vitro. The dissolution of minerals by osteoclasts decreased along with the decreased amount of labile phosphate and hydrogen phosphate domains of apatite crystals, which were caused by the crystal maturation temperature. A profound effect on mineral dissolution by pH in the culture medium was also shown. Low acidity considerably increased mineral dissolution, whereas a slight alkalinity totally blocked mineral dissolution. There was little difference in the mineral dissolution behavior of osteoclasts near the physiologic pH. In addition, it was determined whether mineral dissolution by osteoclasts was dependent on the destruction of the organic matrix. Nocodazole was introduced to inhibit the secretion of hydrolytic enzymes, and acetazolamide was added to inhibit acid production by the osteoclasts. There was no significant change as a result of nocodazole addition on mineral dissolution or by the addition of acetazolamide on degradation of collagen. These results indicate that small changes in the physicochemical properties of apatite crystals can decrease resorption by osteoclasts, which can be highly activated at low pH. These results also suggest that mineral dissolution and organic degradation by osteoclasts are self-regulating.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Molecular Biointerface, Department of Oral Anatomy and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, 28 YeonKun-Dong, ChongRo-Ku, Seoul, 110-749, Korea.
authors.forename: H M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Y S
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: K M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Woo
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rey
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: J K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Ko
mesh_terms: D000086:Acetazolamide / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001031:Apatites / Q000737:chemistry*; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000737:chemistry*; D001854:Bone Marrow Cells / Q000166:cytology; D001862:Bone Resorption / Q000378:metabolism*; D002130:Calcium Phosphates / Q000737:chemistry*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002642:Chick Embryo; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible; D003460:Crystallization; D005269:Femur / Q000166:cytology; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D015739:Nocodazole / Q000378:metabolism; D010010:Osteoclasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology*; D012995:Solubility; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared
chemical_list: D001031:Apatites; D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D002130:Calcium Phosphates; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D000086:Acetazolamide; D015739:Nocodazole