title: Mean blood pressure, pulse pressure and grade of hypertension in untreated hypertensive patients with sleep-related breathing disorder.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To test the hypothesis that sleep-related breathing disorder (SRBD) is associated with increasing severity of cardiovascular risk markers.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional study of sleep laboratory patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  University Hospital Sleep Disorders Centre.
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied 591 patients referred for a sleep study, all of them without a history of systemic hypertension.
  
  
  METHODS
  Clinical interview, two unattended sleep studies, and assessment of office blood pressure, cholesterol concentration, alcohol and nicotine consumption and daytime blood gases.
  
  
  METHODS
  Post-hoc analysis of different cardiovascular risk markers: mean blood pressure, pulse pressure, and the type and grade of systemic hypertension.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients were classified as normotensive (blood pressure < 140/90 mmHg, n = 228) or hypertensive (blood pressure > or = 140/90 mmHg, n = 363) according to office blood pressure measurements. Mixed (systolic and diastolic) hypertension was the most common type of hypertension (n = 182), followed by isolated diastolic hypertension (n = 101), borderline isolated systolic hypertension (n = 70), and isolated systolic hypertension (n = 10). The frequency of mixed hypertension increased with SRBD activity (P < 0.05) and respiratory disturbance index (RDI; the number of breathing disorders per hour of estimated sleep time) was increased in those with mixed hypertension compared with those with normotension (24.8 compared with 15.7; t test: P < 0.01). In hypertensive patients classified as having grades 1 -3 of hypertension (n = 265, 80 and 18, respectively), there was a progressive increase in RDI (18.9, 27.2 and 30.3, respectively, P < 0.01). Mean blood pressure increased significantly with RDI. Pulse pressure increased significantly with age (P < 0.001), but was unrelated to the degree of SRBD.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We conclude that mean blood pressure and the severity of hypertension, but not pulse pressure, increase with the severity of the SRBD.
authors.affiliation: Sleep Disorders Centre, Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden. ludger.grote@pharm.gu.se
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Grote
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hedner
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Peter
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001794:Blood Pressure; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000209:etiology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011312:Pressure; D011674:Pulse; D012307:Risk Factors; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012891:Sleep Apnea Syndromes / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology