title: Virtual reality computer simulation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Objective assessment of psychomotor skills should be an essential component of a modern surgical training program. There are computer systems that can be used for this purpose, but their wide application is not yet generally accepted. The aim of this study was to validate the role of virtual reality computer simulation as a method for evaluating surgical laparoscopic skills.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study included 14 surgical residents. On day 1, they performed two runs of all six tasks on the Minimally Invasive Surgical Trainer, Virtual Reality (MIST VR). On day 2, they performed a laparoscopic cholecystectomy on living pigs; afterward, they were tested again on the MIST VR. A group of experienced surgeons evaluated the trainees' performance on the animal operation, giving scores for total performance error and economy of motion. During the tasks on the MIST VR, errors and noneconomy of movements for the left and right hand were also recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were significant correlations between error scores in vivo and three of the six in vitro tasks (p < 0.05). In vivo economy scores correlated significantly with non-economy right-hand scores for five of the six tasks and with non-economy left-hand scores for one of the six tasks (p < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this study, laparoscopic performance in the animal model correlated significantly with performance on the computer simulator. Thus, the computer model seems to be a promising objective method for the assessment of laparoscopic psychomotor skills.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgical Gastroenterology L, Aarhus University, Kommunehospialet, DK- 8000 Aarhus, Denmark. ttgrant@dadlnet.dk
authors.forename: T P
authors.initials: TP
authors.lastname: Grantcharov
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rosenberg
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Pahle
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Funch-Jensen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003198:Computer Simulation; D004724:Endoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D013502:General Surgery / Q000193:education*; D006801:Humans; D023421:Models, Animal; D009048:Motor Skills / Q000502:physiology; D013552:Swine; D013664:Teaching Materials