title: Health and cultural factors associated with enrolment in basic education: a study in rural Ghana.
abstract: This inter-disciplinary study compares the health status of school-age children in Ghana, both enrolled and non-enrolled, and examines these results within a wider socio-economic and socio-cultural context including kinship and livelihood. Children matched for age and sex who were not enrolled in Primary School were significantly shorter and more stunted than enrolled children were, and 70% of all Primary school-age children were anaemic. Young children from farming communities were significantly more undernourished than children from fishing communities. Adolescent non-enrolled boys were more heavily infected with Schistosoma haematobium, and were more likely to be anaemic than enrolled adolescent boys. The data indicate how health and health related factors may influence and affect enrolment and how socio-economic indicators, livelihood, and kinship may also constrain enrolment and, in turn, affect child health. This study sheds light on the complex factors that may influence enrolment in education and provides novel data on the similarities and differences between the health of enrolled and non-enrolled children in rural Ghana.
authors.affiliation: Partnership for Child Development, Wellcome Trust Centre for the Epidemiology of Infectious Disease, Oxford University, UK. atj1@cus.cam.ac.uk
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fentiman
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hall
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bundy
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000740:Anemia / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D002648:Child; D015362:Child Nutrition Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D002669:Child Welfare; D003466:Cultural Characteristics; D004522:Educational Status; D005260:Female; D005869:Ghana / Q000453:epidemiology; D006130:Growth Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D006304:Health Status; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009790:Occupations / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D010290:Parents; D012423:Rural Health / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012553:Schistosomiasis haematobia / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D013334:Students / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires