title: Ability of adhesive systems to seal dentin surfaces: an in vitro study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study was to evaluate the ability of three adhesive systems to seal dentin by measuring the permeability of dentin before and after bonding procedures.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-six flat dentin surfaces were prepared from human extracted teeth and connected to a fluid-filled system for permeability measurements. The hydraulic conductance of the flat occlusal surface of dentin was measured by the filtration technique, before and after application of ScotchBond MP Plus, Prime & Bond 2.0, and All-Bond 2. Bonding procedures were followed by P-50 resin composite application. The specimens were then perfused with silver nitrate to permit morphologic localization of microleakage pathways using SEM.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results showed that the best dentin seal was produced by All-Bond 2, followed by Prime & Bond 2.0, and ScotchBond MP Plus. However, none of the three bonding systems tested was able to totally prevent the passage of fluid across the dentin in every specimen. When observed with SEM, each adhesive system exhibited different patterns of leakage.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The inability of all three materials to create a perfect seal in vitro raises concerns about the ability of these adhesive systems to provide completely sealed restorations in vivo. However, because the current study applied pressure 3 to 6 times higher than physiologically normal, it is likely that the leakage represents a worst-case scenario.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cariology, Endodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Geneva, 19 Rue Barthélemy-Menn, CH-1205 Geneva, Switzerland. serge.bouillaguet@medecine.unige.ch
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bouillaguet
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Duroux
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ciucchi
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sano
mesh_terms: D000269:Adhesives / Q000737:chemistry*; D017438:Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate / Q000737:chemistry; D004396:Coloring Agents; D003188:Composite Resins / Q000737:chemistry; D001840:Dental Bonding; D003763:Dental Leakage / Q000145:classification; D003793:Dental Restoration, Permanent; D003804:Dentin / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D003806:Dentin Permeability; D017220:Dentin-Bonding Agents / Q000737:chemistry*; D005374:Filtration; D006801:Humans; D008689:Methacrylates / Q000737:chemistry; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D011109:Polymethacrylic Acids / Q000737:chemistry; D011312:Pressure; D019279:Resin Cements / Q000737:chemistry; D012835:Silver Nitrate; D013499:Surface Properties
chemical_list: D000269:Adhesives; D004396:Coloring Agents; D003188:Composite Resins; D017220:Dentin-Bonding Agents; D008689:Methacrylates; D011109:Polymethacrylic Acids; C103500:Prime & Bond; D019279:Resin Cements; C425844:Scotchbond Multi-Purpose Plus; C065771:P50 composite resin; C100742:All-Bond 2; D017438:Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate; D012835:Silver Nitrate