title: Single dose diclofenac suppository reduces post-Cesarean PCEA requirements.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the analgesic efficacy of administering, immediately after surgery, a single dose of diclofenac (100 mg suppository) to women who had undergone lower segment Cesarean section (LSCS) under combined spinal-epidural anesthesia, and received post-operative patient-controlled epidural analgesia (PCEA) with ropivacaine 0.2% and fentanyl 2 microg x ml(-1).
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-eight ASA physical status I or II term parturients scheduled for elective LSCS under regional anesthesia were enrolled into this randomised double-blind study. The patient-controlled epidural analgesia device was programmed to deliver a bolus of 4 ml of local anesthetic mixture with a lockout period of ten minutes and an hourly limit of 12 ml. There was no baseline infusion. The study commenced upon the patient's first demand for analgesia post-operatively and the patients were assessed at one, six, 12 and 24 hr post-operatively for pain scores on movement, dermatomal level of sensory blockade, degree of motor blockade and volume of local anesthetic used. At conclusion of the study, patients' satisfaction scores were recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The two groups of patients were similar demographically. Patients who received a diclofenac suppository used 52.8 +/- 17.8 ml of local anesthetic mixture while those who did not, used 74 +/- 25 ml (P <0.005). Pain scores and satisfaction scores did not differ significantly between the groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A single administration of 100 mg diclofenac suppository is effective in reducing post-Cesarean epidural local anesthetic/opioid requirements by 33% for the first 24 hr post-operatively.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesia and Surgical Intensive Care, Kandang Kerbau Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore. nllsh@singnet.com.sg
authors.forename: N L
authors.initials: NL
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.forename: W K
authors.initials: WK
authors.lastname: Lo
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Chong
authors.forename: A X
authors.initials: AX
authors.lastname: Pan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015360:Analgesia, Epidural; D016362:Analgesia, Obstetrical; D016058:Analgesia, Patient-Controlled; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002585:Cesarean Section; D004008:Diclofenac / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000188:drug therapy*; D011247:Pregnancy; D013488:Suppositories
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D013488:Suppositories; D004008:Diclofenac