title: Induction of periosteal callus formation by bone morphogenetic protein-2 employing adenovirus-mediated gene delivery.
abstract: Although the chondrogenic response of periosteum is well established in healing fractures, the mechanisms mediating the proliferation and differentiation of periosteal chondroprogenitor cells are poorly understood. In the present study we demonstrate that bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2), introduced by adenovirus-mediated gene transfer, alone is capable of inducing callus formation at the site of periosteal injection. Both immunohistochemistry and Northern analysis demonstrated activation of type II collagen production between days 4 and 7 after the injection, followed by activation of type X collagen expression. The activation of chondrogenesis was associated with increased expression of L-Sox5 and Sox9, suggesting that the BMP-2 effect is mediated via Sox proteins. This capacity of adenovirus-mediated overproduction of BMP-2 to induce chondrogenesis (and subsequent endochondral ossification) should be useful for tissue engineering of cartilage and bone.
authors.affiliation: Skeletal Research Program, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, FIN-20520 Turku, Finland.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Uusitalo
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hiltunen
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ahonen
authors.forename: V M
authors.initials: VM
authors.lastname: Kähäri
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Aro
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Vuorio
mesh_terms: D000260:Adenoviruses, Human; D000818:Animals; D055396:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2; D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D002146:Bony Callus / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D003094:Collagen / Q000096:biosynthesis; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D015870:Gene Expression; D018014:Gene Transfer Techniques; D005822:Genetic Vectors; D006609:High Mobility Group Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D010521:Periosteum / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D011347:Procollagen / Q000235:genetics; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D055758:SOX9 Transcription Factor; D055755:SOXD Transcription Factors; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta
chemical_list: C525718:BMP2 protein, human; C525719:Bmp2 protein, mouse; D055396:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2; D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D006609:High Mobility Group Proteins; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D011347:Procollagen; D012333:RNA, Messenger; C490301:SOX5 protein, human; C486270:SOX6 protein, human; D055758:SOX9 Transcription Factor; C527932:SOX9 protein, human; D055755:SOXD Transcription Factors; C089186:Sox5 protein, mouse; C095939:Sox6 protein, mouse; C527933:Sox9 protein, mouse; D014157:Transcription Factors; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D003094:Collagen