title: Expression of interleukin-1beta in the digital laminae of horses in the prodromal stage of experimentally induced laminitis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study expression of interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) in the digital laminae of horses in the prodromal stage of experimentally induced laminitis.
  
  
  METHODS
  8 healthy adult horses with no signs of laminitis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Black walnut extract was administered via nasogastric tube to 4 horses, and water was administered to the remaining 4 (controls). Complete blood counts and physical examinations were performed every 30 minutes after administration of black walnut extract or water. General anesthesia was induced when total WBC count decreased by 30% in horses given the black walnut extract and 3 hours after water administration in control horses. The left forefoot was perfusion fixed with neutral-buffered 10% formalin, and paraffin-embedded sections of the digit were used for in situ hybridization with an equine-specific IL-1beta probe.
  
  
  RESULTS
  IL-1beta mRNA expression was observed in perivascular cells of the small laminar venules and capillaries in all 4 horses given black walnut extract and in interstitial cells remote from the microvasculature in 1 of the 4. Other cellular components of the laminar tissue and cellular components of the digital arterioles and veins did not exhibit IL-1beta mRNA expression. Expression of IL-1beta mRNA was not detected in laminae from control horses.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Results suggest that IL-1beta mRNA is expressed by perivascular cells in the laminar tissues of horses in the prodromal stage of experimentally induced laminitis. This provides evidence of an inflammatory process during the prodromal stage of laminitis, indicating that local digital proinflammatory cytokine expression may be an initiating factor in laminitis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Large Animal Surgery and Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, AL 36849, USA.
authors.forename: G L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Fontaine
authors.forename: J K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Belknap
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Allen
authors.forename: J N
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Moore
authors.forename: D L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Kroll
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005534:Foot Diseases / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000662:veterinary*; D005552:Forelimb / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D006724:Hoof and Claw / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D006734:Horse Diseases / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D006736:Horses; D017403:In Situ Hybridization; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000032:analysis / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D007794:Lameness, Animal / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D007958:Leukocyte Count / Q000662:veterinary; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
chemical_list: D007375:Interleukin-1; D012333:RNA, Messenger