title: Biomarkers in Barrett esophagus.
abstract: Barrett esophagus is a premalignant condition that may progress to adenocarcinoma. The risk of developing cancer has been estimated to be approximately 1 in 250 patient-years of observation; however, there appear to be subsets of patients at much higher risk. Risk stratification has previously been determined by histological identification of dysplasia. Several new biomarkers are being tested to help clinicians better determine the risk of cancer development. Although none of these biomarkers has been proven in a prospective study to predict the onset of cancer, they have been correlated with cancer development. Most of these are factors that have been associated with cancer development in other organs. These include assessment of cell proliferation, expression of cyclooxygenase 2, growth factors and oncogenes, secretory factors, cell cycle proteins, adhesion molecules, and aneuploidy and other genetic abnormalities. In addition to their role as potential cancer biomarkers, these factors have increasingly been reported as surrogate markers to monitor the effectiveness of conservative treatments for Barrett esophagus. In this article, biological markers are reviewed for their relevance in Barrett esophagus. Although most biological markers need to be evaluated further and, for most, prospective follow-up studies are lacking, at present abnormal ploidy status, P16 and P53 gene abnormalities, or allelic losses are the most extensively documented.
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology and Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn 55905, USA.
authors.forename: K K
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Krishnadath
authors.forename: B J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Reid
authors.forename: K K
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D001471:Barrett Esophagus / Q000175:diagnosis*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis*; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D004815:Epidermal Growth Factor / Q000032:analysis; D066246:ErbB Receptors / Q000032:analysis; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000032:analysis; D008297:Male; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D009955:Ornithine Decarboxylase / Q000032:analysis; D011230:Precancerous Conditions / Q000473:pathology*; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases / Q000032:analysis; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D016211:Transforming Growth Factor alpha / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D007527:Isoenzymes; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D016211:Transforming Growth Factor alpha; D004815:Epidermal Growth Factor; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; C496540:PTGS2 protein, human; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases; D066246:ErbB Receptors; D009955:Ornithine Decarboxylase