title: Risk factors for coronary heart disease in patients with spinal cord injury in Turkey.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the standard risk factors for coronary heart disease (CHD), defined in National Cholesterol Education Program II (NCEP II) of Turkish spinal cord injury (SCI) patients with healthy controls, discuss the results according to the findings in Turkish population, and SCI patients in the literature.
  
  
  METHODS
  We assessed 52 age and sex matched healthy control subjects, and 69 SCI patients (16 females, 53 males with the mean age of 33.9+/-11.37 years) with time since injury of 12.8+/-13.45 months. The study consisted of 45 paraplegics, and 24 tetraplegics with 54% incomplete, and 46% complete injury.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Risk factors for CHD according to NCEP II were; age and sex in 16%, positive family history in 0%, cigarette smoking in 54%, hypertension (HT) in 0%, high total cholesterol (TC) in 32%, high low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL) in 41%, low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) in 52%, and diabetes mellitus (DM) in 7% of our SCI patients, respectively. Compared to controls DM, high TC, LDL, and low HDL were statistically more frequent in SCI patients. We found a negative correlation between serum HDL and time since injury. TC (186+/-32 vs 205+/-36; P=0.025), TC/HDL (5.34+/-1.17 vs 6.26+/-1.5; P=0.005), and LDL/HDL (3.57+/-0.9 vs 4.16+/-1.3; P=0.027) were significantly increased in patients with time since injury of more than 1 year, while HDL levels (35.8+/-6.36 vs 33.86+/-6.47; P=0.213) decreased without reaching statistical significance. The lipid profiles did not show any correlation with the neurological level, and completeness of lesions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  SCI confers additional CHD risk over that present inherently in the parent population due to enforced sedentary lifestyle and this increases with time since injury. The preliminary study consisting of 26 patients was accepted for poster presentation in Copenhagen, Denmark (18-20 June 1999) at the 38th Annual Scientific Meeting of IMSOP in association with the Nordic Medical Society of Paraplegia.
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Diseases Research Centre, Istanbul University Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Demirel
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Demirel
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tükek
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Erk
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yilmaz
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017668:Age of Onset; D000368:Aged; D001794:Blood Pressure; D001835:Body Weight; D002648:Child; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D002908:Chronic Disease; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D016555:Matched-Pair Analysis; D008875:Middle Aged; D010264:Paraplegia / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications; D011782:Quadriplegia / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications; D012107:Research Design; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking; D013119:Spinal Cord Injuries / Q000097:blood / Q000145:classification / Q000150:complications*; D014421:Turkey / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D002784:Cholesterol