title: Relationship between the angiotensin-converting enzyme genotype and the forearm vasodilator response to estrogen replacement therapy in postmenopausal women.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We sought to evaluate the relationship between the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) genotype and the change in forearm vasoreactivity in response to a three-month course of oral estrogen in postmenopausal women.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  The ACE genotype is a known predictor of the response to an ACE inhibitor drug; however, it is not clear whether it can modify the effect of estrogen replacement therapy (ERT) on endothelial function in postmenopausal women.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-five postmenopausal women received 0.625 mg of conjugated equine estrogen daily for three months. Forearm blood flow (FBF) was measured by strain-gauge plethysmography.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-one, 25 and 9 patients had the insertion/deletion (ID), II and DD genotypes, respectively. Plasma ACE activity was significantly higher at baseline in patients with either the DD or ID genotype than in those with the II genotype (p < 0.05). A significant decrease in plasma ACE activity with ERT was seen in the ID and II genotypes (p < 0.05), but not in the DD genotype. There were no significant differences in the FBF responses to reactive hyperemia at baseline between the three groups. Estrogen replacement therapy did not alter the FBF response to reactive hyperemia in the DD genotype (4.0 +/- 1.3%), although ERT significantly increased the FBF response in the ID and II genotypes (32.6 +/- 7.5% and 30.6 +/- 6.5%, respectively; p < 0.05). Forearm blood flow after administration of sublingual nitroglycerin did not change over three months in any of the three groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings suggest that the effect of ERT in postmenopausal women on forearm endothelial function may be determined in part by the genotype of the ACE gene.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Hiroshima University, Japan. msanada64@hotmail.com
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sanada
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Higashi
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nakagawa
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sasaki
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kodama
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tsuda
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nagai
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ohama
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000286:Administration, Sublingual; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D015914:Estrogen Replacement Therapy; D004966:Estrogens, Conjugated (USP) / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005542:Forearm / Q000098:blood supply*; D017353:Gene Deletion; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D016254:Mutagenesis, Insertional / Q000235:genetics; D005996:Nitroglycerin / Q000494:pharmacology; D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A / Q000235:genetics*; D010991:Plethysmography; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic / Q000235:genetics; D017698:Postmenopause / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics*; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012084:Renin-Angiotensin System / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D014664:Vasodilation / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology; D014665:Vasodilator Agents / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D004966:Estrogens, Conjugated (USP); D014665:Vasodilator Agents; D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A; D005996:Nitroglycerin