title: Plasticity of neurohypophysial terminals with increased hormonal release during dehydration: ultrastructural and biochemical analyses.
abstract: Arginine vasopressin- (AVP) and oxytocin- (OXT) secreting magnocellular neurons undergo gross structural changes with chronic physiological stimulation. Here, we investigated subcellular aspects of plasticity in rat neurohypophysial terminals during dehydration. Ultrastructural analyses demonstrated that chronic dehydration by 2% NaCl drinking for 7 days significantly decreased the numbers of neurosecretory granules and microvesicles but not the numbers of mitochondria. Moreover, in dehydrated rats, terminals making neurovascular contacts enlarged, whereas terminals in apposition to astrocytes, i.e., neuroglial contacts, became smaller. Western blot analyses demonstrated significant decreases in the levels of F3 and Thy-1 together with those of AVP- and OXT-neurophysin, but the levels of synaptophysin, SNAP-25, and GAP-43 were unchanged. Both F3 and Thy-1 were recovered in the buffer-insoluble pellet, and phosphatidyl inositol-specific phospholipase C treatment released both molecules from the crude membrane fraction, indicating that they are attached to terminal membranes by glycosylphosphatidyl inositol anchors. Confocal microscopic observations demonstrated that F3 colocalized with Thy-1 in the same terminals of magnocellular neurons. In contrast, the level of calretinin, a Ca(2+) binding protein was significantly increased with chronic dehydration. Thus, the present results suggest that enhancement of neurovascular contacts results from rearrangement of terminal-astrocyte and terminal-vessel contacts rather than enlargement or sprouting of magnocellular terminals themselves. The down-regulation of F3 and Thy-1 may contribute to enhancement of neurovascular contacts that accompany increased peptide release during dehydration.
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Biology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan. smiyata@ipc.kit.ac.ip
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Miyata
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Takamatsu
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Maekawa
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Matsumoto
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kiyohara
authors.forename: G I
authors.initials: GI
authors.lastname: Hatton
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001127:Arginine Vasopressin / Q000378:metabolism*; D064032:Calbindin 2; D015816:Cell Adhesion Molecules, Neuronal / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D058966:Contactins; D003681:Dehydration / Q000378:metabolism*; D019922:GAP-43 Protein / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D008854:Microscopy, Electron; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D009473:Neuronal Plasticity / Q000502:physiology*; D009474:Neurons / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure; D010121:Oxytocin / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar / Q000378:metabolism*; D064030:S100 Calcium Binding Protein G / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D016708:Synaptophysin / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D050825:Synaptosomal-Associated Protein 25; D018800:Thy-1 Antigens / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: C576512:Calb2 protein, rat; D064032:Calbindin 2; D015816:Cell Adhesion Molecules, Neuronal; D058966:Contactins; D019922:GAP-43 Protein; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D064030:S100 Calcium Binding Protein G; C494210:Snap25 protein, rat; D016708:Synaptophysin; D050825:Synaptosomal-Associated Protein 25; D018800:Thy-1 Antigens; D001127:Arginine Vasopressin; D010121:Oxytocin