title: CD40 ligand expression in mycobacterium bovis BCG infection and its regulation by cytokines: a direct role of interleukin 12.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Activation and clonal expansion of T cells require not only the recognition of processed antigen on the surface of the antigen-presenting cell (APC) by T-cell receptor (TCR), but also involve co-stimulatory signals that are provided by the simultaneous engagement of cell surface molecules expressed by both the APC and the T cell. Interaction between CD40 and its ligand (CD40L) is known to mediate host immune response and T-cell-mediated effector functions in mycobacterial infections in mice. In this work, we investigated the capacity of Mycobacterium bovis (M. bovis) BCG to induce the expression of CD40L on human T cells.
  
  
  METHODS
  Human cells were obtained from healthy adults by centrifugation using Ficoll/Hypaque. Cells (1 x 10(6)) were incubated in RPMI medium with BCG. After incubation at 37 degrees C in 5% CO(2) atmosphere for 40 h, cells were collected and double-stained with anti-CD40L-PE and anti-CD4-FITC or anti-CD8-FITC mAb. The quantification of positively stained population was based on samples stained with isotype control antibodies analyzed on a FACScan.
  
  
  RESULTS
  M. bovis BCG stimulation induced a significant amount of CD40L expression on CD4+ T cells, while CD40L was not significantly detected on human CD8+ T cells. The highest CD40L expression on BCG-activated T cells in synergism with interleukin-12 endogenous occurred after a 40-h cell culture with a dose of 10 microg/mL of BCG (84.86 +/- 11.77; mean +/- standard deviation [SD]). This CD40L expression on BCG-activated human T cells was significantly inhibited by anti-IL-12 mAb (5.08 +/- 1.7; mean +/- SD). In contrast, anti-IFN-gamma and anti-IL-2 mAb did not have an important role in this expression.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results indicate that the capacity of BCG to induce CD40L expression on human cells represents a novel mechanism underlying the regulation of cellular responses against tuberculosis. Furthermore, the results showed a direct role of IL-12 to enhance the expression of CD40L on BCG-activated human cells.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Inmunología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN), Mexico City, Mexico. pmender@bios.encb.i.p.n.mx
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Méndez-Samperio
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: García-Martínez
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D023201:CD40 Ligand / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D018664:Interleukin-12 / Q000502:physiology*; D009163:Mycobacterium bovis / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D023201:CD40 Ligand; D018664:Interleukin-12