title: Laparoscopic ureteral reconstruction with small intestinal submucosa.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the feasibility of laparoscopic ureteral reconstruction with small intestinal submucosa (SIS) in the pig ureter.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eight female pigs weighing between 25 and 30 kg were enrolled. After anesthesia was administered, a double-pigtail stent was inserted, the animals were moved to a lateral decubitus position, pneumoperitoneum was established, and three 10-mm ports were positioned. The ureter was opened longitudinally for 7 cm, and two thirds of the periphery of the upper third of the left ureter was excised. The SIS was anastomosed to the upper and distal ureteral segments with chromic 4-0 sutures. The double-pigtail stent was removed 6 weeks after the initial procedure, and retrograde pyelography was performed a week later to confirm the viability of the pelvicaliceal system.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The average duration of the procedures was 210 minutes (range 125-250 minutes). All animals survived the entire follow-up period of 7 weeks. Retrograde pyelography revealed a patent ureteral lumen, and no obstructive phenomena were observed. Histologically, the SIS-regenerated ureteral segments were remarkably similar to normal porcine ureters and were indistinguishable from neighboring tissue.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Laparoscopic ureteral reconstruction with SIS proved to be effective and technically feasible. The SIS seems to be an effective biodegradable scaffold, facilitating regeneration of host tissue.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Long Island Jewish Medical Center, New Hyde Park, New York 11040, USA.
authors.forename: E N
authors.initials: EN
authors.lastname: Liatsikos
authors.forename: C Z
authors.initials: CZ
authors.lastname: Dinlenc
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kapoor
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Alexianu
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Yohannes
authors.forename: A E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.forename: A D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Smith
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000601:surgery*; D007421:Intestine, Small / Q000601:surgery*; D013552:Swine; D014513:Ureter / Q000601:surgery*; D018666:Ureteroscopy