title: Influence of temperature, filter wettability, and timing of filtration on the removal of WBCs from RBC concentrates.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The efficacy of the removal of WBCs from buffy coat-reduced RBC concentrates by filtration is determined by many variables. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of the filtration temperature, the wettability of the filter material, and the timing of the filtration after collection.
  
  
  METHODS
  The investigation used commercially available filters: 3 dry "online" filters (Cellselect FR, Fresenius Hemocare; BioR-01-max, Fresenius; Leucoflex LCG1, MacoPharma) and one wet "inline" filter (Leucoflex LCR4, MacoPharma) that contained saline-adenine-glucose-mannitol additive solution for RBCs and differed from the online version only in wettability. After buffy coat removal and suspension in saline-adenine-glucose-mannitol, filtrations were performed immediately at room temperature (RT) and after 2 hours' storage of the RBC concentrates at 4 degrees C, while the Leucoflex LCR4 was also tested after 24 hours' storage of the RBC concentrates at 4 degrees C. Sets of 12 pooled experiments were performed to prevent donor-dependent differences.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The Cellselect FR gave significantly better WBC removal from RBC concentrates at 4 degrees C than at RT, with residual WBCs of 1.44 +/- 0.58 x 10(6) and 2.78 +/- 1.23 x 10(6), respectively (p<0.001). The BioR-01-max gave no significant difference: 0.62 +/- 0.27 x 10(6) WBCs (at 4 degrees C) versus 0.61 +/- 0.25 x 10(6) WBCs (at RT). Filtration with the Leucoflex LCG1 resulted in 0.06 +/- 0.03 x 10(6) and 0.07 +/- 0.07 x 10(6) WBCs at 4 degrees C and RT, respectively, which is not a significant difference. The Leucoflex LCR4, however, gave 2.08 +/- 0.84 x 10(6) WBCs at RT, 0.52 +/- 0.44 x 10(6) WBCs at 4 degrees C after 2 hours' cooling, and 0.05 +/- 0.10 x 10(6) WBCs at 4 degrees C after 24 hours' cooling (all p<0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Temperature, filter wettability, and timing of filtration after collection influence the efficacy of a filter for RBC concentrates. These variables need to be established, validated, and controlled before a filter can be selected for routine use.
authors.affiliation: Blood Bank of North Holland, Amsterdam, the Netherlands. bnhams@hetnt.nl
authors.forename: P F
authors.initials: PF
authors.lastname: van der Meer
authors.forename: R N
authors.initials: RN
authors.lastname: Pietersz
authors.forename: H W
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Reesink
mesh_terms: D001781:Blood Component Removal / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D017707:Erythrocyte Transfusion; D006801:Humans; D008851:Micropore Filters; D013696:Temperature; D013997:Time Factors