title: Cooperativity and substrate specificity of an alkaline amylase and neopullulanase complex of Micrococcus halobius OR-1.
abstract: The saccharifying alkaline amylase and neopullulanase complex of Micrococcus halobius OR-1 hydrolyzes both alpha-(1,4)- and alpha-(1,6)-glycosidic linkages of different linear and branched polysaccharides. The following observations were made concerning the analysis of the coexpressed amylase and neopullulanase enzymes. Even though the enzymes were subjected to a rigorous purification protocol, the activities could not be separated, because both the enzymes were found to migrate in a single peak. By contrast, two independent bands of amylolytic activity at 70 kDa and pullulanolytic activity at 53 kDa were evident by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), reducing and nonreducing PAGE, and zymographic analysis on different polysaccharides. Preferential chemical modification of the enzyme and concomitant high-performance thin-layer chromatographic analyses of the saccharides liberated showed that amylase is sensitive to 1-(dimethylamino-propyl)-3-ethyl carbodiimide-HCl and cleaved alpha-(1,4) linkages of starch, amylose, and amylopectin producing predominantly maltotriose. On the other hand, formalin-sensitive neopullulanase acts on both alpha-(1,4) and alpha-(1,6) linkages of pullulan and starch with maltotriose and panose as major products. It is understood that neopullulanase exhibits dual activity and acts in synergy with amylase toward the hydrolysis of alpha-(1,4) linkages, thereby increasing the overall reaction rate; however, such a synergism is not seen in zymograms, in which the enzymes are physically separated during electrophoresis. It is presumed that SDS-protein intercalation dissociated the enzyme complex, without altering the individual active site architecture, with only the synergism lost. The optimum temperature and pH of amylase and neopullulanase were 60 degreesC and 8.0, respectively. The enzymes were found stable in high alkaline pH for 24 h. Therefore, the saccharifying alkaline amylase and neopullulanase of M. halobius OR-1 evolved from tapioca cultivar shows a highly active and unique enzyme complex with several valuable biochemical features.
authors.affiliation: Division of Medical Biotechnology, Research and Development, Tamilnad Hospitals Academic Trust-Research Council, Perumbakkam, Chennai, India.
authors.forename: K P
authors.initials: KP
authors.lastname: Rajdevi
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Yogeeswaran
mesh_terms: D000681:Amylases / Q000737:chemistry*; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000737:chemistry*; D002234:Carbodiimides / Q000494:pharmacology; D002855:Chromatography, Thin Layer; D004492:Edetic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D004591:Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; D005557:Formaldehyde / Q000494:pharmacology; D005685:Galactans / Q000737:chemistry; D006026:Glycoside Hydrolases / Q000737:chemistry*; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008351:Mannans / Q000737:chemistry; D008837:Micrococcus / Q000201:enzymology*; D053149:Plant Gums; D011134:Polysaccharides / Q000737:chemistry; D011485:Protein Binding; D013379:Substrate Specificity; D013696:Temperature; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D002234:Carbodiimides; D005685:Galactans; D008351:Mannans; D053149:Plant Gums; D011134:Polysaccharides; C074139:1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminoethyl)carbodiimide; D005557:Formaldehyde; D004492:Edetic Acid; C007894:guar gum; D000681:Amylases; D006026:Glycoside Hydrolases; C058484:neopullulanase; C082507:amylopullulanase