title: Effect of alcoholic and low-pH soft drinks on fluoride release from compomer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to evaluate the amount of fluoride released from compomer restorative materials after immersion in various media.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this test, four materials were used: three compomers (Dyract, Dentsply, Konstanz, Germany; Compoglass, Vivadent, Schaan, Principality of Liechtenstein; and Xeno, Sankins, Tochigi, Japan) and one resin-modified glass ionomer cement (Fuji II LC, GC, Tokyo, Japan). There were four test solutions: one alcoholic (whiskey), two low-pH drinks (Coca-Cola, orange juice), and one deionized water. Over a period of 60 days, the tested specimens were immersed in the test solution for 3 hours every day, then kept in deionized water. The fluoride released was detected by using a fluoride ion selective electrode connected to a microprocessor ion analyzer. The fluoride ion concentration (ppm) of the test solutions and deionized water was recorded after 1, 2, 3, 4, 7, 30, and 60 days. Electron probe microanalysis was used for surface analysis of the fluoride released.
  
  
  RESULTS
  When immersed in low-pH soft drinks, compomer showed a significantly higher fluoride release than when immersed in deionized water (p < .0001). For specimens immersed in Coca-Cola, the fluoride release levels (microgram/cm2, mean +/- SD) at 1, 7, and 60 days for Dyract (91.6 +/- 1.8, 39.3 +/- 3.1, 10.5 +/- 0.9), Compoglass (129.5 +/- 0.9, 66.5 +/- 2.7, 19.0 +/- 0.3), Fuji II LC (147.0 +/- 4.2, 50.8 +/- 3.1, 27.6 +/- 3.0), and Xeno (73.6 +/- 3.2, 27.3 +/- 2.1, 6.6 +/- 0.6) demonstrated the trend of significantly lower releases with time in water solution. Over a 60-day period, materials immersed in 100% orange juice released the highest amount of fluoride, which could be attributable to the erosive effect of the medium. Materials immersed in deionized water released the least amount of fluoride. Among the tested compomers, Compoglass released the most fluoride.
authors.affiliation: Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Niigata University School of Dentistry, Niigata, Japan. neamat@dent.niigata-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: N H
authors.initials: NH
authors.lastname: Abu-Bakr
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Okamoto
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Iwaku
mesh_terms: D000434:Alcoholic Beverages; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001628:Beverages; D002253:Carbonated Beverages; D002327:Cariostatic Agents / Q000737:chemistry*; D002957:Citrus; D020770:Compomers / Q000737:chemistry*; D003188:Composite Resins / Q000737:chemistry; D004058:Diffusion; D004577:Electron Probe Microanalysis; D005459:Fluorides / Q000737:chemistry*; D005899:Glass Ionomer Cements / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007101:Immersion; D017736:Ion-Selective Electrodes; D008422:Materials Testing; D008689:Methacrylates / Q000737:chemistry; D019279:Resin Cements / Q000737:chemistry; D012117:Resins, Synthetic / Q000737:chemistry; D017640:Silicates / Q000737:chemistry; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D013499:Surface Properties; D013997:Time Factors; D014867:Water
chemical_list: D002327:Cariostatic Agents; C105428:Compoglass; D020770:Compomers; D003188:Composite Resins; C088486:Dyract; C079765:Fuji II LC cement; D005899:Glass Ionomer Cements; D008689:Methacrylates; D019279:Resin Cements; D012117:Resins, Synthetic; D017640:Silicates; D014867:Water; D005459:Fluorides