title: Development, characterization and therapy of a disseminated model of childhood neuroblastoma in SCID mice.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To develop a highly reproducible model of disseminated childhood neuroblastoma in mice to allow secondary evaluation of therapeutics against microscopic disseminated disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  CB17/Icr SCID were injected i.v. with 10(3) to 5 x 10(6) human NB-1691 neuroblastoma cells. NB-1691 cells were detected by PCR for synaptophysin and tyrosine hydroxylase in peripheral blood, and bone marrow. Therapeutic studies evaluated topotecan and vincristine as single agents or in combination. Topotecan was administered i.v. daily for 5 days on two consecutive weeks. Courses were repeated every 21 days for three cycles. Vincristine (1 mg/kg) was administered i.v. every 7 days for nine consecutive weeks. Treatment started 11-21 days after tumor cell inoculation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Following injection of > or = 1 x 10(5) cells 100% of mice developed disease. Mice inoculated with 10(7) cells survived a median of 42 days. Survival time was a linear function of the cell inoculum. At autopsy, gross tumor was routinely detected in many organs in particular liver, ovaries, kidneys and adrenals. NB-1691 cells were detected by PCR in peripheral blood, and bone marrow. Immunohistochemical staining showed that lesions were strongly positive for synaptophysin, chromogranin A and negative for leukocyte common antigen. Topotecan (0.6 mg/kg) alone extended median survival from 44 days (controls) to 95 days. When treatment was started 21 days after inoculation of NB-1691 cells, topotecan extended median survival from 39 days (controls) to 91 and 99 days at dose levels of 0.3 and 0.6 mg/kg, respectively. Vincristine (1 mg/kg) extended survival by a median of 9.5 days. In combination with vincristine (1 mg/kg), median survival was increased to 141 days (topotecan 0.6 mg/kg) and 159 days (topotecan 1.0 mg/kg).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This model of disseminated neuroblastoma is highly reproducible. As this model may more closely simulate childhood disease it may be a valuable adjunct in developing new approaches to advanced stage, poor prognosis neuroblastoma.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Pharmacology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, 332 N. Lauderdale, Memphis, TN 38105-2794, USA.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Thompson
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Guichard
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Cheshire
authors.forename: L B
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: Richmond
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Poquette
authors.forename: S T
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Ragsdale
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Webber
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lorsbach
authors.forename: M K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Danks
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Houghton
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D051379:Mice; D016513:Mice, SCID; D009447:Neuroblastoma / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology; D019772:Topotecan / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D014750:Vincristine / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; D014750:Vincristine; D019772:Topotecan