title: The smoothness index, but not the trough-to-peak ratio predicts changes in carotid artery wall thickness during antihypertensive treatment.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  It has recently been demonstrated that the smoothness index (SI) (the ratio between the average of the blood pressure changes computed for each hour of the recording and its standard deviation), a new and reproducible measure of the homogeneity of blood pressure reduction by antihypertensive treatment, has evident advantages over trough-to-peak ratio (T/P) in the prediction of the regression of left ventricular hypertrophy. Therefore we considered it to be worthwhile to compare the ability of SI and T/P to predict changes of the carotid artery intima-media thickness (IMT) during pharmacological treatment in patients with essential hypertension.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 100 patients with essential hypertension, 24 h ambulatory blood pressure and carotid artery IMT were measured after 3 weeks of therapeutic wash-out and after 12 months of antihypertensive treatment (calcium antagonists, diuretics, angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors or beta-blockers). The homogeneity of the effect of treatment over blood pressure was evaluated by computing T/P and SI.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-four hour blood pressure was significantly reduced by therapy, while, on average, a small but significant increase in indices of carotid artery wall thickness was observed. However, IMT was clearly reduced in patients with high SI. Statistically significant correlations were observed between changes in indices of carotid artery IMT during therapy and SI. No significant correlation was observed between indices of carotid artery morphology and T/P, basal 24 h blood pressure or changes in blood pressure during therapy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  SI, but not T/P is the predictor of changes in carotid artery wall thickness. The information provided by SI is independent from basal blood pressure values. For carotid artery morphology, the smoothness of blood pressure reduction is even more important than its absolute change.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Brescia, Italy. rizzoni@master.cci.unibs.it
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Rizzoni
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Muiesan
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Salvetti
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Castellano
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bettoni
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Monteduro
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Corbellini
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Porteri
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Guelfi
authors.forename: E A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Rosei
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D002339:Carotid Arteries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D005260:Female; D005544:Forecasting; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D017539:Tunica Intima / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D017540:Tunica Media / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D014463:Ultrasonography
chemical_list: D000959:Antihypertensive Agents