title: Biogenesis of lysosomes in marshall cells and in cells of the male reproductive system.
abstract: The mechanism of plasma membrane trafficking and degradation is still poorly understood. This investigation deals with the biogenesis of lysosomes during endocytic flow in Marshall cells and in various cell types of the male reproductive system. Marshall cells were exposed to ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) and leupeptin after labeling with cationic ferritin. In some experiments, the treated cells were immunogold labeled with anti-prosaposin antibody. NH4Cl and leupeptin are lysosomotropic agents that affect the endosomal-lysosomal progression. Testes, efferent ducts and epididymis from mouse mutants with defects affecting plasma membrane degradation were also used to analyze this process. NH4Cl produced a retention of cationic ferritin in endosomes and hindered the endosomal/lysosomal progression. Leupeptin did not affect this process. NH4Cl decreased the labeling of prosaposin in endosomes and lysosomes, while leupeptin increased the labeling of prosaposin in lysosomes. The number of lysosomes per cytoplasmic area was higher in treated cells than in controls. These findings suggest that leupeptin affected lysosomes whereas NH4Cl affected both endosomes and lysosomes. The endosomal and lysosomal accumulation of prosaposin induced by the treatment with NH4Cl and leupeptin indicated that the site of entry of prosaposinwas both the lysosome and endosome. Electron microscopy (EM) of tissues from mouse mutants with defects affecting plasma membrane degradation substantiated these observations. The EM analysis revealed a selective accumulation of multivesicular bodies (MVBs) and the disappearance of lysosomes, in testicular fibroblasts, nonciliated cells of the efferent ducts and principal cells of the epididymis, suggesting that MVBs are precursors of lysosomes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  (1) endosomes and MVBs are a required steps for degradation of membranes; (2) endosomes and MVBs are precursors of lysosomes; and (3) endosomes, MVBs, and lysosomes appear to be transient organelles.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada. cxco@musica.mcgill.ca
authors.forename: C R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Morales
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fuska
authors.forename: Q
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lefrancois
mesh_terms: D000643:Ammonium Chloride / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D002401:Cathepsin B / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D002460:Cell Line; D015853:Cysteine Proteinase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D004705:Endocytosis / Q000502:physiology*; D011992:Endosomes / Q000502:physiology* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D004822:Epididymis / Q000648:ultrastructure; D005293:Ferritins / Q000378:metabolism; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D006023:Glycoproteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007425:Intracellular Membranes / Q000378:metabolism*; D007976:Leupeptins / Q000494:pharmacology; D008247:Lysosomes / Q000502:physiology* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D012497:Sandhoff Disease / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D049231:Saposins; D013661:Tay-Sachs Disease / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D013737:Testis / Q000648:ultrastructure*
chemical_list: D015853:Cysteine Proteinase Inhibitors; D006023:Glycoproteins; D007976:Leupeptins; C483345:PSAP protein, human; C483344:Psap protein, mouse; D049231:Saposins; D000643:Ammonium Chloride; D005293:Ferritins; D002401:Cathepsin B; C032854:leupeptin