title: Matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-8 and -9) and neutrophil elastase in gingival crevicular fluid of cyclosporin-treated patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Gingival overgrowth (GO) is one of the most important side effects of cyclosporin A (CsA) medication, but its pathogenesis is not completely understood. The aim of this study was to identify and compare collagenase-2 (MMP-8), gelatinase-B (MMP-9), and neutrophil (PMN)-elastase levels in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) from 15 renal transplant patients receiving CsA therapy and exhibiting CsA GO, 14 patients with gingivitis, and 10 periodontally healthy subjects.
  
  
  METHODS
  Clinical data were obtained on plaque index, papilla bleeding index, and hyperplastic index from each site studied. GCF samples and clinical data were collected from: 2 sites exhibiting CsA GO (CsA GO+) and 2 sites not exhibiting CsA GO (CsA GO-) in each CsA-treated patient; 2 diseased sites in each patient with gingivitis; and 2 healthy sites in each subject with clinically healthy periodontium. CsA GO+ and CsA GO- sites were divided into 2 subgroups as clinically not inflamed (PBI = 0) and inflamed (PBI > or =1). GCF MMP-8, MMP-9, and PMN-elastase levels were analyzed by immunofluorometric assay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  GCF MMP-8 and -9 levels and clinical degrees of gingival inflammation in CsA GO+ sites were similar to those in diseased sites. However, GCF elastase levels were significantly lower in CsA GO+ sites compared to those in diseased sites. GCF MMP-8, -9 and PMN-elastase levels were not different between CsA GO- sites and healthy sites. Additionally, GCF MMP-8 and -9 levels in inflamed CsA GO+ sites were higher but not statistically significantly than those in diseased sites. In contrast, GCF PMN-elastase levels in inflamed CsA GO+ sites were significantly lower than the levels in diseased sites.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results show that CsA therapy does not have a significant effect on GCF MMP-8 and MMP-9 levels, but the gingival inflammation seems to be the main reason for their elevations. However, low GCF PMN-elastase levels can be an important factor in the pathogenesis of CsA-induced gingival overgrowth. CsA therapy does not eliminate the potential use of GCF MMP-8 and -9 as future diagnostic markers of gingival inflammation.
authors.affiliation: Ege University, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Periodontology, Izmir, Turkey. atilla@dishekimligi.ege.edu.tr
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Atilla
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sorsa
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Rönka
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Emingil
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D016572:Cyclosporine / Q000009:adverse effects*; D003774:Dental Plaque Index; D005260:Female; D015200:Fluoroimmunoassay; D005883:Gingival Crevicular Fluid / Q000201:enzymology*; D005884:Gingival Hemorrhage / Q000201:enzymology; D005885:Gingival Hyperplasia / Q000201:enzymology; D019214:Gingival Overgrowth / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000201:enzymology*; D005891:Gingivitis / Q000201:enzymology; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D016030:Kidney Transplantation; D019272:Leukocyte Elastase / Q000032:analysis*; D008297:Male; D020784:Matrix Metalloproteinase 8 / Q000032:analysis*; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / Q000032:analysis*; D008875:Middle Aged; D010512:Periodontal Index; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D016572:Cyclosporine; D019272:Leukocyte Elastase; D020784:Matrix Metalloproteinase 8; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9