title: The multiple facets of pulmonary sequestration.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The goal of this study was to identify the proportion of sequestrations that were atypical or associated with other entities, such as congenital cystic adenomatoid malformations, communicating bronchopulmonary foregut malformations, bronchogenic cyst, and scimitar syndrome.
  
  
  METHODS
  All charts of patients with pulmonary sequestration admitted at 2 children's hospitals from 1982 to July 1999 were reviewed retrospectively. The authors included all anomalies with a systemic arterial supply or without bronchial connection.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Only 22 of the 39 patients (56%) had a classic isolated extralobar or intralobar sequestration, whereas the others presented with a spectrum of anomalies. Of the 13 cases diagnosed prenatally, 85% were asymptomatic at birth. In contrast, 26 cases diagnosed postnatally were all symptomatic, with those patients less than 2 weeks old presenting with various degrees of respiratory distress, and those older than 2 weeks old presenting with respiratory infections. The correct diagnosis was made preoperatively in 59% of cases. Only 4 patients did not undergo resection of their lesion, of which, 1 underwent interventional radiology with embolization of the anomalous arterial supply. Follow-up issues of importance included pneumonia, asthma, gastroesophageal reflux, and pectus excavatum.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Sequestrations represent a spectrum of anomalies that overlap with other lung lesions. To facilitate management, they should be described according to their (1) connection to the tracheobronchial tree, (2) visceral pleura, (3) arterial supply, (4) venous drainage, (5) foregut communication, (6) histology, (7) mixed/multiple lesions, and (8) whether there are associated anomalies. Surgeons should be aware that approximately 50% of sequestrations could be atypical or associated with other anomalies. This should be kept in mind when weighing the benefits of resection versus conservative management of pulmonary sequestrations.
authors.affiliation: Divisions of Pediatric Surgery and Pediatric Pathology, The Montreal Children's Hospital and Ste Justine Hospital, McGill University and University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Bratu
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Flageole
authors.forename: M F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Di Lorenzo
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yazbeck
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Laberge
mesh_terms: D000015:Abnormalities, Multiple / Q000145:classification / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy; D000293:Adolescent; D000367:Age Factors; D017668:Age of Onset; D001344:Autopsy; D001466:Barium Sulfate; D001994:Bronchogenic Cyst / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology*; D001998:Bronchopulmonary Sequestration / Q000145:classification / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003287:Contrast Media; D015615:Cystic Adenomatoid Malformation of Lung, Congenital / Q000473:pathology*; D004621:Embolization, Therapeutic; D017809:Fatal Outcome; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D018579:Patient Selection; D011296:Prenatal Diagnosis; D015641:Radiography, Interventional; D012131:Respiratory Insufficiency / Q000209:etiology; D012141:Respiratory Tract Infections / Q000209:etiology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012587:Scimitar Syndrome / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D001466:Barium Sulfate