title: Antibiotic resistance and antibiotic sensitivity based treatment in Helicobacter pylori infection: advantages and outcome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare two strategies for the eradication of Helicobacter pylori infection.
  
  
  METHODS
  Groups 1 and 2 each consisted of 75 consecutive patients. Patients in group 1 were treated with two antibiotics based on antibiotic susceptibility testing; those in group 2 received amoxycillin and clarithromycin for eight days, together with either ranitidine or omeprazole. Eradication rate was assessed in both groups six months after treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In group 1, H pylori grew in culture in 63/75 cases. Susceptibility testing showed that 35/63 isolates were resistant to metronidazole, 10/63 to clarithromycin, 2/63 to ampicillin, 1/63 to tetracycline, and 5/63 to both clarithromycin and metronidazole. In group 1 the infection was eradicated in 96% of the initial 75 subjects, and in 98% of the subjects treated according to the antibiotic assay (62/63). As two patients were lost at follow up the overall eradication rate was 99%. In group 2, eradication was achieved in 61/75 subjects (81%). This was significantly lower than the percentage of eradication observed in group 1 (81% versus 99%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Antibiotic susceptibility tests are useful in childhood as a very high percentage of subjects are cured. This approach is costly, but selective antibiotic treatment contributes to limit further development of antibiotic resistance, and money is saved in terms of reinvestigation and further repeated treatments.
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatrics, University of Parma, Italy.
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Street
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Caruana
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Caffarelli
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Magliani
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Manfredi
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Fornaroli
authors.forename: G L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: de'Angelis
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000658:Amoxicillin / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000897:Anti-Ulcer Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D017291:Clarithromycin / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004352:Drug Resistance, Microbial; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D016481:Helicobacter Infections / Q000188:drug therapy*; D016480:Helicobacter pylori / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D009853:Omeprazole / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011899:Ranitidine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000897:Anti-Ulcer Agents; D000658:Amoxicillin; D011899:Ranitidine; D017291:Clarithromycin; D009853:Omeprazole