title: Epithelial development and differentiation in the mammary gland is not dependent on alpha 3 or alpha 6 integrin subunits.
abstract: In the mammary gland, both laminin and integrins have been shown to be required for normal ductal morphogenesis during development in vivo, and for functional differentiation in culture models. Major integrin receptors for laminins in the mammary gland are alpha 3 beta 1, alpha 6 beta 1, and alpha 6 beta 4. However, the specific subunits that contribute to laminin-mediated mammary cell function and development have not been identified. In this study, we use a genetic approach to test the hypothesis that laminin-binding integrins are required for the function of the mammary gland in vivo. Rudiments of embryonic mammary gland were shown to develop in the absence of these integrin subunits. Postnatal development of the mammary gland was studied in integrin null tissue that had been transplanted into the mammary fat pads of syngeneic hosts. In mammary epithelium lacking alpha 6 integrin, the beta 4 subunit was not apparent and hemidesmosome formation was only rudimentary. However, despite this deficiency, normal ductal morphogenesis and branching of the mammary gland occurred and myoepithelial cells were distributed normally with respect to luminal cells. Mammary alveoli devoid of alpha 3 or alpha 6 integrin formed in pregnancy and were histologically and functionally identical to those in wild-type mammary gland. The tissue underwent full morphological differentiation, and the epithelial cells retained the ability to synthesize beta-casein. This work demonstrates that mammary tissue genetically lacking major laminin-binding integrin receptors is still able to develop and function.
authors.affiliation: School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, 3.239 Stopford Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: T C
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Klinowska
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Alexander
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Georges-Labouesse
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Van der Neut
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Kreidberg
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sonnenberg
authors.forename: C H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Streuli
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D001485:Basement Membrane / Q000648:ultrastructure; D019521:Body Patterning / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D004848:Epithelium / Q000196:embryology / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D022002:Hemidesmosomes / Q000648:ultrastructure; D039422:Integrin alpha3; D039503:Integrin alpha6; D039663:Integrin beta4; D016023:Integrins / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D007797:Laminin / Q000378:metabolism; D008321:Mammary Glands, Animal / Q000196:embryology* / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000637:transplantation; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D008854:Microscopy, Electron; D011247:Pregnancy; D014185:Transplantation, Isogeneic
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD; D039422:Integrin alpha3; D039503:Integrin alpha6; D039663:Integrin beta4; D016023:Integrins; D007797:Laminin