title: Isolation and characterization of four bactericidal domains in the bovine beta-lactoglobulin.
abstract: Proteolytic digestion of bovine beta-lactoglobulin by trypsin yielded four peptide fragments with bactericidal activity. The peptides were isolated and their sequences were found as follows: VAGTWY (residues 15-20), AASDISLLDAQSAPLR (residues 25-40), IPAVFK (residues 78-83) and VLVLDTDYK (residues 92-100). The four peptides were synthesized and found to exert bactericidal effects against the Gram-positive bacteria only. In order to understand the structural requirements for antibacterial activity, the amino acid sequence of the peptide VLVLDTDYK was modified. The replacement of the Asp (98) residue by Arg and the addition of a Lys residue at the C-terminus yielded the peptide VLVLDTRYKK which enlarged the bactericidal activity spectrum to the Gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli and Bordetella bronchiseptica and significantly reduced the antibacterial capacity of the peptide toward Bacillus subtilis. By data base searches with the sequence VLVLDTRYKK a high homology was found with the peptide VLVATLRYKK (residues 55-64) of human blue-sensitive opsin, the protein of the blue pigment responsible for color vision. A peptide with this sequence was synthesized and assayed for bactericidal activity. VLVATLRYKK was strongly active against all the bacterial strains tested. Our results suggest a possible antimicrobial function of beta-lactoglobulin after its partial digestion by endopeptidases of the pancreas and show moreover that small targeted modifications in the sequence of beta-lactoglobulin could be useful to increase its antimicrobial function.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Division of Applied Physiology, University of Zürich, Winterhurerstrasse 260, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland. pella@vetphys.unizh.ch
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pellegrini
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Dettling
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hunziker
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000494:pharmacology; D001412:Bacillus subtilis / Q000187:drug effects; D002175:Candida / Q000187:drug effects; D002417:Cattle; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000187:drug effects; D006094:Gram-Positive Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects*; D007782:Lactoglobulins / Q000737:chemistry*; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000494:pharmacology; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D013997:Time Factors; D014357:Trypsin
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D007782:Lactoglobulins; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D014357:Trypsin