title: Distant wounded glioma syndrome: report of two cases.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We describe two cases of distant wounded glioma syndrome complicating surgical resection of multifocal glioblastoma multiforme. This clinical entity was previously described as a local phenomenon resulting in postoperative hemorrhaging within the cavity of partially resected tumors. These cases are unique, in that the postoperative hemorrhaging occurred within distant tumor nodules after gross total resection of the primary lesion.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two middle-aged men without known risk factors for postoperative hemorrhaging presented with multifocal glioblastoma multiforme. Each underwent surgical resection of the deficit-producing lesion and developed hemorrhage at distant tumor sites that were not directly manipulated during the surgical procedures. The distant hemorrhage caused new neurological deficits, with severe morbidity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We postulate that distant wounded glioma syndrome is a distinct clinical entity that causes remote postoperative hemorrhaging and that tumor-induced coagulopathy triggered by surgery seems to create a hypocoagulable state that is most concentrated within brain tissue. Because of their rich vascularity, these distant tumor nodules are more susceptible to hemorrhage, resulting from coagulation changes after tumor resection, than are other sites. They also exhibit increased blood flow after resection of a large mass, because of autoregulatory dysfunction induced by peritumoral edema, increasing the likelihood of hemorrhage at these sites.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Ohio 45267-0515, USA.
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Koebbe
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Sherman
authors.forename: R E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Warnick
mesh_terms: D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery*; D002543:Cerebral Hemorrhage / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery*; D002552:Cerebral Ventricles / Q000473:pathology; D017809:Fatal Outcome; D005909:Glioblastoma / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery*; D005910:Glioma / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018365:Neoplasm, Residual / Q000175:diagnosis*; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000175:diagnosis*; D019106:Postoperative Hemorrhage / Q000175:diagnosis*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed