title: In vitro bactericidal effect of a modified thermal Nitinol electrode.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A standard electrode surgical generator connected to a Nitinol coil was used in vitro to evaluate whether the generated electromagnetic energy had any bactericidal effect on Escherichia coli.
  
  
  METHODS
  The ATCC 259222 E. coli strain was used. We mixed 135 mL of a 1.5% non-nutritive agar with 15 mL of a 10(6) CFU/mL inoculum and transferred it to gas-sterilized plastic containers lined with aluminium foil. A 22F cylindrical shape was cut from the center of the agar, and a Nitinol coil was placed in that space and connected to a standard electrode surgical generator. Electrical energy was then applied from 5 to 25 V at 5-V increments. Temperatures were measured with two thermocouples placed in the middle and periphery of each agar. The treatment was stopped when the temperature at the middle thermometer reached 50 degrees C. The control group was not treated and was embedded in a water bath at 45 degrees C. Three 3 x 7-mm pieces were sliced from the inner to the outer part of the agar and processed, and colony counts were performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We observed statistically significant deleterious effects on E. coli in all three zones when the treatment voltage was 15 and 20. When the potential was raised to 25 V, we observed a significant result only in the core zone. The treatment duration was 50 minutes for 5 and 10 V, 45 minutes for 15 V, 15 minutes for 20 V, and 10 minutes for 25 V.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The bactericidal effect was mainly in the central area, decreasing linearly toward the periphery, and was related to the temperature reached during activation of the electrical generator. These results were disappointing with regard to the utility of Nitinol stents to treat bacterial prostatitis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Long Island Jewish Medical Center, New Hyde Park, New York 11042, USA.
authors.forename: E N
authors.initials: EN
authors.lastname: Liatsikos
authors.forename: C Z
authors.initials: CZ
authors.lastname: Dinlenc
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kapoor
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fogarty
authors.forename: N O
authors.initials: NO
authors.lastname: Bernardo
authors.forename: H D
authors.initials: HD
authors.lastname: Isenberg
authors.forename: A D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Smith
mesh_terms: D000497:Alloys; D016923:Cell Death; D004566:Electrodes; D055590:Electromagnetic Phenomena; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000502:physiology*; D006358:Hot Temperature; D013696:Temperature
chemical_list: D000497:Alloys; C013616:nitinol