title: Effects of a monetary incentive on primary care prescribing in Ireland: changes in prescribing patterns in one health board 1990-1995.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In an attempt to curb the rapidly rising costs of primary care prescribing in Ireland, the government introduced a financial incentive scheme in 1993, to encourage general practitioners to restrain their prescribing.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the effects of a financial incentive scheme on GP prescribing in Ireland on prescribing costs and volume, and on some specific therapeutic areas.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prescribing for 3 years before (1990-1992) and 3 years (1993-1995) after the introduction of incentives, based on a defined cohort of 233 general practitioners in the area of one health board. GPs were divided into tertiles based on their performance against their prescribing budgets into 'savers' (generally underspent and received incentive payments), modest overspenders and large overspenders.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Savers were always lower cost prescribers than the other groups. They contained their rate and costs of prescribing in contrast to the other groups, e.g. percentage rise in prescribing costs in the year after the introduction of the scheme -7.9%, +1.2% and +7.3% respectively, (P < 0.05) for savers, modest overspenders and large overspenders respectively. This effect was short lived however and was gone by the third year of the study.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The financial incentives had a marked effect on prescribing volume and cost on some practices who could achieve targets and hence incentive payments. The incentives had little effect on high spending practices. Such incentive schemes need careful evaluation if they are not to become perverse to the good health of patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Liverpool, UK. twalley@liv.ac.uk
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Walley
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Murphy
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Codd
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Johnston
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Quirke
mesh_terms: D004363:Drug Utilization / Q000639:trends*; D005194:Family Practice / Q000191:economics*; D006801:Humans; D007494:Ireland; D011306:Prescription Fees; D011320:Primary Health Care / Q000191:economics*; D012052:Reimbursement, Incentive