title: CD44-deficient mice exhibit enhanced hepatitis after concanavalin A injection: evidence for involvement of CD44 in activation-induced cell death.
abstract: Administration of Con A induces severe injury to hepatocytes in mice and is considered to be a model for human hepatitis. In the current study, we investigated the role of CD44 in Con A-induced hepatitis. Intravenous administration of Con A (20 mg/kg) caused 100% mortality in C57BL/6 CD44-knockout (KO) mice, although it was not lethal in C57BL/6 CD44 wild-type (WT) mice. Administration of lower doses of Con A (12 mg/kg body weight) into CD44 WT mice induced hepatitis as evident from increased plasma aspartate aminotransferase levels accompanied by active infiltration of mononuclear cells and neutrophils, and significant induction of apoptosis in the liver. Interestingly, CD44 KO mice injected with similar doses of Con A exhibited more severe acute suppurative hepatitis. Transfer of spleen cells from Con A-injected CD44 KO mice into CD44 WT mice induced higher levels of hepatitis when compared with transfer of similar cells from CD44 WT mice into CD44 WT mice. The increased hepatitis seen in CD44 KO mice was accompanied by increased production of cytokines such as TNF-alpha, IL-2 and IFN-gamma, but not Fas or Fas ligand. The increased susceptibility of CD44 KO mice to hepatitis correlated with the observation that T cells from CD44 KO mice were more resistant to activation-induced cell death when compared with the CD44 WT mice. Together, these data demonstrate that activated T cells use CD44 to undergo apoptosis, and dysregulation in this pathway could lead to increased pathogenesis in a number of diseases, including hepatitis.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Microbiology and Immunology and Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Virginia, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: McKallip
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zeytun
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Do
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lombard
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Robertson
authors.forename: T W
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Mak
authors.forename: P S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Nagarkatti
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nagarkatti
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000008:administration & dosage; D019264:Adoptive Transfer; D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D001402:B-Lymphocytes / Q000473:pathology; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D003208:Concanavalin A / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D053222:Fas Ligand Protein; D005260:Female; D006520:Hepatitis, Animal / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D018960:Hyaluronan Receptors / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology; D007113:Immunity, Innate / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D007958:Leukocyte Count; D008024:Ligands; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation / Q000235:genetics; D018655:Lymphocyte Count; D008264:Macrophages / Q000473:pathology; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis; D013154:Spleen / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000473:pathology / Q000637:transplantation; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D019014:fas Receptor / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; C505661:FASLG protein, human; D053222:Fas Ligand Protein; C505658:Fasl protein, mouse; D018960:Hyaluronan Receptors; D007376:Interleukin-2; D008024:Ligands; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D019014:fas Receptor; D003208:Concanavalin A; D007371:Interferon-gamma