title: Cyclooxygenase-2 protein and prostaglandin E(2) production are up-regulated in a rat bladder inflammation model.
abstract: Cyclooxygenase-1 and cyclooxygenase-2 mRNAs and proteins and prostaglandin E(2) production are evaluated in a rat model of inflammation in which Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide is intraperitoneally injected or intravesically instilled into the bladder. While cyclooxygenase-1 mRNA and protein and cyclooxygenase-2 mRNA do not change in bladders treated with lipopolysaccharide, cyclooxygenase-2 protein is elevated in bladders from rats intravesically instilled with lipopolysaccharide or phosphate buffered saline (PBS) or intraperitoneally injected with lipopolysaccharide. Urinary prostaglandin E(2) levels and prostaglandin E(2) synthesis in bladder particulates are elevated by intravesical instillation and intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide. The nitric oxide donor, S-nitroso-N-acetyl-D,L-penicillamine, increases prostaglandin E(2) synthesis in bladders from lipopolysaccharide intravesically instilled and intraperitoneally injected rats. Lipopolysaccharide increases prostaglandin E(2) synthesis by increasing cyclooxygenase-2 protein levels in rat bladder and prostaglandin E(2) synthesis may be further elevated by increases in nitric oxide caused by an up-regulation of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS).
authors.affiliation: Section of Urology, Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, PO Box 208041, New Haven, CT 06520-8041, USA.
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Wheeler
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Yoon
authors.forename: L E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Olsson
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Weiss
mesh_terms: D000283:Administration, Intravesical; D000818:Animals; D015153:Blotting, Western; D051545:Cyclooxygenase 1; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D052246:Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D015232:Dinoprostone / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000652:urine; D005260:Female; D007249:Inflammation / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D007274:Injections, Intraperitoneal; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D009544:Niflumic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D009566:Nitrates / Q000494:pharmacology; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism / Q000652:urine; D020030:Nitric Oxide Donors / Q000494:pharmacology; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000378:metabolism; D016877:Oxidants / Q000494:pharmacology; D010396:Penicillamine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D011479:Protamines / Q000494:pharmacology; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*
chemical_list: D052246:Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors; D007527:Isoenzymes; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D009566:Nitrates; D020030:Nitric Oxide Donors; D016877:Oxidants; D011479:Protamines; D012333:RNA, Messenger; C110881:S-nitro-N-acetylpenicillamine; C039642:peroxynitric acid; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D009544:Niflumic Acid; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D051545:Cyclooxygenase 1; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases; C496513:Ptgs1 protein, rat; D010396:Penicillamine; D015232:Dinoprostone