title: Detection of myocardial viability based on measurement of sodium content: A (23)Na-NMR study.
abstract: MRI of total sodium (Na) content may allow assessment of myocardial viability, but information on Na content in normal myocardium, necrotic/scar tissue, and stunned or hibernating myocardium is lacking. Thus, the aims of the study were to: 1) quantify the temporal changes in myocardial Na content post-myocardial infarction (MI) in a rat model (Protocol 1); 2) compare Na in normally perfused, hibernating, and stunned canine myocardium (Protocol 2); and 3) determine whether, in buffer-perfused rat hearts, infarct scar can be differentiated from intact myocardium by (23)Na-MRI (Protocol 3). In Protocol 1, rats were subjected to LAD ligation. Infarct/scar tissue was excised at control and 1, 3, 7, 28, 56, and 128 days post-MI (N = 6-8 each), Na content was determined by (23)Na-NMR spectroscopy (MRS) and ion chromatography. Na content was persistently increased at all time points post-MI averaging 306*-160*% of control values (*P < 0.0083 vs. control). In Protocol 2, (23)Na-MRS of control (baseline), stunned and hibernating samples revealed no difference in Na. In Protocol 3, (23)Na-MRI revealed a mean increase in signal intensity, to 142 +/- 6% of control values, in scar tissue. A threshold of 2 standard deviations of the image intensity allowed determination of infarct size, correlating with histologically determined infarct size (r = 0.91, P < 0.0001).
authors.affiliation: Medizinische Universitätsklinik, Würzburg University, Germany. m.horn@mail.uni-wuerzberg.de
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Horn
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Weidensteiner
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Scheffer
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Meininger
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: de Groot
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Remkes
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Dienesch
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Przyklenk
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: von Kienlin
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Neubauer
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002852:Chromatography, Ion Exchange; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004285:Dogs; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy / Q000379:methods*; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D017682:Myocardial Stunning / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012964:Sodium / Q000378:metabolism*; D012975:Sodium Isotopes
chemical_list: D012975:Sodium Isotopes; D012964:Sodium