title: Gender differences in human immunodeficiency virus-related oral lesions: an Italian study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between oral lesions and gender, age, CD4(+) cell count, human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) viral load, antiretroviral therapy, and route of transmission in a group of HIV-infected (HIV+) persons from the Mediterranean region.
  
  
  METHODS
  The participants in this study were HIV+ adults who sought dental care between January 1999 and June 1999 in the Department of Oral Medicine (University of Palermo, Italy).
  
  
  RESULTS
  One hundred thirty-six HIV+ adults came in for an initial oral examination. Their mean age was 35.2 years (SD +/- 7.97), and 33% were women. Their mean CD4(+) cell count was 325.3 x 10(6) /L (SD +/- 225.8), and their HIV-1 viral load was 39,168.3 copies/mL (SD +/- 144,256.1). Oral lesions were found in 47% of the study group, as well as in 56.5% of women (n = 46) versus 45.5% of men (n = 90; P =.05). Oral candidiasis was the most common disease; it is significantly associated with women (P =.004), CD4(+) cell count (P =.005), and HIV-1 viral load (P =.0003). No significant relationships were found between any types of oral lesions and age, antiretroviral therapy, or route of transmission (P >.2).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The prevalence of HIV-related oral lesions was significantly higher in women than in men, especially for oral candidiasis, the most common lesion observed related to immune status and HIV-1 viral load.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Campisi
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pizzo
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mancuso
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Margiotta
mesh_terms: D017088:AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections / Q000276:immunology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018791:CD4 Lymphocyte Count; D002180:Candidiasis, Oral / Q000276:immunology / Q000503:physiopathology; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000635:transmission; D015497:HIV-1; D006801:Humans; D007558:Italy; D008297:Male; D009059:Mouth Diseases / Q000276:immunology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D015995:Prevalence; D012737:Sex Factors; D012802:Sicily; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D019562:Viral Load
chemical_list: D000998:Antiviral Agents