title: Balloon blunt-tip trocar for laparoscopic cholecystectomy: improvement over the traditional Hasson and Veress needle methods.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) is a routine procedure for most general surgeons, yet the technical aspects of gaining access to the peritoneal cavity continue to be quite diverse. We describe a prospective review of 180 LCs using three access techniques: open balloon blunt-tip trocar (BBTT), open Hasson (HA), and closed Veress needle (VN). We favor the BBTT because it is designed to avoid all sharp instrumentation and offers superior seal and mobility, as well as expeditious and easy abdominal access.
  
  
  METHODS
  The techniques and devices were evaluated prospectively with regard to simplicity of access, leakage of carbon dioxide, access time, and complications. All patients underwent LC by one of two Board-certified surgeons.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean time to insertion of the laparoscope for the BBTT (3.5 +/- 0.99 minutes) was significantly less than the insertion time for the VN technique (5.2 +/- 0.9 minutes, P < 0.05). The insertion time for the BBTT was also less than for the standard HA approach (4.25 +/- 1.0 minutes; P < 0.05). There were no visceral or vascular injuries noted, but CO2 leakage and subcutaneous insufflation of gas experienced in the standard HA and VN groups resulted in lengthened operative times. One patient in the BBTT group experienced a postoperative port-site herniation, which was repaired primarily without consequence.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The BBTT is an established, safe alternative to blind access for LC. Our technique is simple and rapid and avoids most of the technical difficulties encountered by other open access devices. We believe this method provides surgeons with an option that is efficient and easier to perform than most other conventional open-access laparoscopic techniques.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Saint Vincents Hospital, New York, New York, USA. bernik@optonline.net
authors.forename: T R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Bernik
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Trocciola
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Mayer
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Patane
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Czura
authors.forename: M K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Wallack
mesh_terms: D017081:Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007902:Length of Stay; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome