title: Localization and kinetics of protein kinase C-epsilon anchoring in cardiac myocytes.
abstract: Protein kinase C-epsilon (PKC-epsilon) plays a central role in cardiac cell signaling, but mechanisms of translocation and anchoring upon activation are poorly understood. Conventional PKC isoforms rely on a rapid Ca2+-mediated recruitment to cell membranes, but this mechanism cannot be employed by PKC-epsilon or other PKC isoforms lacking a Ca2+-binding domain. In this study, we used recombinant green fluorescent protein (GFP) fusion constructs and confocal microscopy to examine the localization, kinetics, and reversibility of PKC-epsilon anchoring in permeabilized rat cardiac myocytes. PKC-epsilon-GFP bound with a striated pattern that co-localized with alpha-actinin, a marker of the Z-line of the sarcomere. Binding required activation of PKC and occurred slowly but reversibly with apparent rate constants of k(on) = 4.6 +/- 1.2 x 10(3) M(-1) x s(-1) and k(off) = 1.4 +/- 0.5 x 10(-3) s(-1) (t1/2 = 8 min) as determined by fluorescence recovery after photobleaching and by perfusion experiments. A truncated construct composed of the N-terminal 144-amino-acid variable region of PKC-epsilon (epsilonV1-GFP), but not an analogous N-terminal domain of PKC-delta, mimicked the Z-line decoration and slow binding rate of the full-length enzyme. These findings suggest that the epsilonV1 domain is important in determining PKC-epsilon localization and translocation kinetics in cardiac muscle. Moreover, PKC-epsilon translocation is not a diffusion-controlled binding process but instead may be limited by intramolecular conformational changes within the V1 domain. The k(off) for epsilonV1-GFP was two- to threefold faster than for full-length enzyme, indicating that other domains in PKC-epsilon contribute to anchoring by prolonging the bound state.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA.
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Robia
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ghanta
authors.forename: V G
authors.initials: VG
authors.lastname: Robu
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Walker
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D018076:DNA, Complementary / Q000378:metabolism; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D015723:Gene Library; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000737:chemistry*; D007700:Kinetics; D008164:Luminescent Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D009206:Myocardium / Q000166:cytology* / Q000201:enzymology*; D010477:Perfusion; D011485:Protein Binding; D020033:Protein Isoforms; D011493:Protein Kinase C / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000737:chemistry*; D051744:Protein Kinase C-epsilon; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D018076:DNA, Complementary; D007527:Isoenzymes; D008164:Luminescent Proteins; D020033:Protein Isoforms; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins; C497256:Prkce protein, mouse; C497257:Prkce protein, rat; D011493:Protein Kinase C; D051744:Protein Kinase C-epsilon; D002118:Calcium