title: A disease-specific activity index for Wegener's granulomatosis: modification of the Birmingham Vasculitis Activity Score. International Network for the Study of the Systemic Vasculitides (INSSYS).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To refine and validate the Birmingham Vasculitis Activity Score (BVAS) as a disease-specific activity index for Wegener's granulomatosis (WG).
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixteen members of the International Network for the Study of the Systemic Vasculitides (INSSYS) revised the BVAS, with 3 goals: to reduce the redundancy of some component items, to enhance its ability to capture important disease manifestations specific to WG, and to streamline the instrument for use in clinical research. We defined the items and weighted them empirically as either minor (e.g., nasal crusting = 1 point) or major (e.g., alveolar hemorrhage = 3 points). We then validated the new, disease-specific BVAS/WG in 2 simulation exercises and a clinical case series that involved 117 patients with WG.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We removed 38 items from the original BVAS, revised 9 items, and added 7 new items. Correlations between the scores on the BVAS/WG and the physician's global assessment (PGA) of disease activity were high, even when patients in remission were excluded. In the clinical case series, Spearman's rank correlation coefficient between the BVAS/WG and the PGA was r = 0.81 (95% confidence interval 0.73-0.87). The interobserver reliability using intraclass (within-case) correlation coefficients in the 2 simulation exercises was r = 0.93 for the BVAS/WG and r = 0.88 for the PGA in the first and r = 0.91 for the BVAS/WG and r = 0.88 for the PGA in the second. There was no significant observer effect in the scoring of the BVAS/WG or the PGA. The discriminant validity of the BVAS/WG was good: r = 0.73 (95% confidence interval 0.43-0.83).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The BVAS/WG is a valid, disease-specific activity index for WG. Tested in simulation exercises and in actual patients, the BVAS/WG correlates well with the PGA, is sensitive to change, and has good inter- and intraobserver reliability. The INSSYS will use the BVAS/WG to assess the primary outcome in a phase II/III trial of etanercept in WG.
authors.affiliation: Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Stone
authors.forename: G S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Hoffman
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Merkel
authors.forename: Y I
authors.initials: YI
authors.lastname: Min
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Uhlfelder
authors.forename: D B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Hellmann
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Specks
authors.forename: N B
authors.initials: NB
authors.lastname: Allen
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Davis
authors.forename: R F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Spiera
authors.forename: L H
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Calabrese
authors.forename: F M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Wigley
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Maiden
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Valente
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Niles
authors.forename: K H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Fye
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: McCune
authors.forename: E W
authors.initials: EW
authors.lastname: St Clair
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Luqmani
mesh_terms: D014890:Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis / Q000145:classification* / Q000175:diagnosis; D006801:Humans; D015588:Observer Variation; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012720:Severity of Illness Index