title: Caries among 3-year-olds in greater Manchester.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To measure the prevalence of caries, including nursing caries, amongst 3-year-old children in three districts of Greater Manchester in the North West of England.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional survey of 762 randomly selected 3-year-old children using the dmft and dmfs indices. Three definitions of nursing caries were used in order to assess the varying prevalence of the disease according to which definition was applied.
  
  
  METHODS
  Children, aged 36-48 months, attending day nurseries, play groups and nurseries attached to primary schools were examined by three trained examiners under standardised conditions in three health districts in Greater Manchester. A random selection process was used to produce a quota sample to reflect the balance of childcare provision in each district.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The overall proportion of children affected by general caries was 32%. The mean dmft score was 1.4 (sd = 2.8) and the mean dmfs was 2.8 (sd = 7.3). There were significant differences across the three districts. The prevalence of nursing caries varied widely when differing definitions of types were applied; 1.6% of the children had nursing caries according to the narrow definition, 7.2% showed the wider definition type and 9.8% had nursing caries of the broadest definition. In total 19% of children had caries which affected their upper incisors. Children of Asian origin had the highest levels of nursing and overall caries.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Caries is a widespread problem in some very young children in the districts involved. Caries of upper anterior teeth contributes significantly to the overall level of caries in each of the localities in question. The prevalence of nursing caries is highly dependent on the case definition used.
authors.affiliation: Mancunian Community Health NHS Trust, Mauldeth House, Mauldeth Road West, Manchester M21 7RL. Gill@daviesg28.fsnet.co.uk
authors.forename: G M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Davies
authors.forename: F A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Blinkhorn
authors.forename: J T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Duxbury
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001208:Asia / Q000208:ethnology; D001903:Bottle Feeding / Q000009:adverse effects; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004245:DMF Index; D003731:Dental Caries / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000208:ethnology / Q000209:etiology; D004739:England / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007180:Incisor / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008437:Maxilla; D015995:Prevalence; D012494:Sampling Studies