title: Condylar bony change, disk displacement, and signs and symptoms of TMJ disorders in orthognathic surgery patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We sought to investigate the relationship between condylar bony change and disk displacement with respect to the signs and symptoms of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders in patients undergoing orthognathic surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed a cross-sectional retrospective study of the pretreatment helical computed tomography scans of 129 orthognathic surgery patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Condylar bony change, unilaterally or bilaterally, was found in 35.7% of the subjects and 24.4% of the joints. Disk displacement, unilaterally or bilaterally, was seen in 41.4% of the subjects and 29.5% of the joints. The type of craniofacial deformity was significantly associated with condylar bony change and disk displacement. No association of clinical symptoms with respect to craniofacial deformity, condylar bony change, or disk displacement was found except in the case of TMJ sounds.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results suggested that craniofacial deformity might be related to TMJ disorders, but the only clinical symptom associated with types of craniofacial deformity was TMJ sounds.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Niigata University, 2-5274 Gakkocho-dori, Niigata 951-8514, Japan. kazuhiro@dent.niigata-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yamada
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hanada
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hayashi
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ito
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D002648:Child; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005157:Facial Pain / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D004204:Joint Dislocations / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D008310:Malocclusion / Q000145:classification / Q000601:surgery*; D008335:Mandibular Condyle / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D008336:Mandibular Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology; D008437:Maxilla / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000601:surgery; D011378:Prognathism / Q000601:surgery; D063173:Retrognathia / Q000601:surgery; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013016:Sound; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D019224:Temporomandibular Joint Disc / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D013705:Temporomandibular Joint Disorders / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed