title: Identification of novel cytokine-induced genes in pancreatic beta-cells by high-density oligonucleotide arrays.
abstract: Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease resulting from the selective destruction of insulin-producing beta-cells. Cytokines may contribute to pancreatic beta-cell death in type 1 diabetes. beta-cell exposure to interleukin (IL)-1beta induces functional impairment, whereas beta-cell culture for 6-9 days in the presence of IL-1beta and interferon (INF)-gamma leads to apoptosis. To clarify the mechanisms involved in these effects of cytokines, we studied the general pattern of cytokine-induced gene expression in beta-cells. Primary rat beta-cells were fluorescence-activated cell sorter-purified and exposed for 6 or 24 h to control condition, IL-1beta + INF-gamma, or IL-1beta alone (24 h only). Gene expression profile was analyzed in duplicate by oligonucleotide arrays. Nearly 3,000 transcripts were detected in controls and cytokine-treated beta-cells. Of these, 96 and 147 displayed changes in expression after 6 and 24 h, respectively, of exposure to IL-1beta + INF-gamma, whereas 105 transcripts were modified after a 24-h exposure to IL-1beta. The cytokine-responsive genes were clustered according to their biological functions. The major clusters observed were metabolism, signal transduction, transcription factors, protein synthesis/ processing, hormones, and related receptors. These modifications in gene expression may explain some of the cytokine effects in beta-cells, such as decreased protein biosynthesis and insulin release. In addition, there was induction of diverse cytokines and chemokines; this suggests that beta-cells may contribute to mononuclear cell homing during insulitis. Several of the cytokine-induced genes are potentially regulated by the transcription factor NF-kappaB. Clarification of the function of the identified cytokine-induced gene patterns may unveil some of the mechanisms involved in beta-cell damage and repair in type 1 diabetes.
authors.affiliation: Gene Expression Unit, Diabetes Research Center, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Belgium.
authors.forename: A K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Cardozo
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kruhøffer
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Leeman
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Orntoft
authors.forename: D L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Eizirik
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D016207:Cytokines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004798:Enzymes / Q000235:genetics; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007515:Islets of Langerhans / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D007700:Kinetics; D008297:Male; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D011506:Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D014158:Transcription, Genetic / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D004798:Enzymes; D007375:Interleukin-1; D011506:Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D007371:Interferon-gamma