title: Implications of prenatal ultrasound screening in the incidence of major genitourinary malformations.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  During the last 3 decades infant mortality has decreased nearly 50%. While neonatal intensive care deserves much of the credit, the recent increase in prenatal ultrasound from 33% of pregnancies in 1980 to 78% in 1987 has improved early detection. We evaluate the impact of prenatal ultrasound on major genitourinary malformations.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data obtained from the Malformations Surveillance Program at Brigham and Women's Hospital between 1974 and 1994 tracked 163,431 pregnancies and termination rates of fetuses with spina bifida, bladder exstrophy, the prune belly syndrome and posterior urethral valves.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Hospital data revealed that pregnancy was electively terminated due to spina bifida in 65% of cases, posterior urethral valves in 46%, the prune belly syndrome in 31% and exstrophy in 25%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Clearly, surveillance programs and improved accuracy of prenatal ultrasound have allowed early diagnosis of major genitourinary malformations. Many factors influence decision making in these affected fetal cases, including the financial and emotional impact of these major anomalies during lifetime. Future societal decisions and reduction in these anomalies may influence our training programs, manpower needs, medical facility requirements and character of our practices. These findings may have significant implications in the field of pediatric urology.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Section of Urology and Department of Pediatrics, Section of Neonatology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
authors.forename: W J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Cromie
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Houde
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Holmes
mesh_terms: D000025:Abortion, Eugenic; D001746:Bladder Exstrophy / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D005260:Female; D005315:Fetal Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D006801:Humans; D011247:Pregnancy; D011535:Prune Belly Syndrome / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D016135:Spinal Dysraphism / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D016216:Ultrasonography, Prenatal; D014521:Urethra / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D014564:Urogenital Abnormalities / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*