title: Correlation between TGF-beta1 and p21 (WAF1/CIP1) expression and prognosis in resectable invasive ductal carcinoma of the pancreas.
abstract: Transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) inhibits the growth of a variety of epithelial cells; however, in many types of tumors it loses its inhibitory effect. p21(WAF1/CIP1), one of the cyclin-dependent kinase (Cdk) inhibitors induced by TGF-beta1, is considered a downstream effector of the growth-inhibitory function of TGF-beta1. We assessed the clinicopathologic significance of TGF-beta1 and p21 expression in resectable invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) of the pancreas. Immunohistochemical examination of the expression of TGF-beta1 and p21 in 62 patients revealed positive expression of TGF-beta1 in 28 (45%) and of p21 in 25 (40%) of the 62 patients, and a significant correlation between the two expressions. The survival curve of patients with TGF-beta1(+) tumors was significantly higher than that of patients with TGF-beta1(-) tumors; p21(+) patients showed a higher survival curve than did p21(-) patients, but the difference was not statistically significant. Simultaneous analysis of TGF-beta1 and p21 expression showed that the patients with TGF-beta1(+)/p21(+) tumors had a significantly better prognosis than the others. Multivariate analysis showed that TGF-beta1 was a significantly low risk factor for death due to IDC. The concurrent evaluation of TGF-beta1 and p21 expression would be an effective tool in the prediction of the prognosis of patients with pancreatic cancer.
authors.affiliation: First Department of Surgery, Shimane Medical University, Izumo, Japan.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hashimoto
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nio
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sumi
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Toga
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Omori
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Itakura
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yano
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D021441:Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal / Q000235:genetics* / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery; D050759:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21; D016213:Cyclins / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010180:Pancreatectomy; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery; D011379:Prognosis; D015996:Survival Rate; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: C493956:CDKN1A protein, human; D050759:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21; D016213:Cyclins; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta