Glial transporters for glutamate, glycine, and GABA III. Glycine transporters.
Glial cells possess transport systems for the three major amino acid neurotransmitters glutamate, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glycine, involved in the arrest of neurotransmission mediated by these compounds. Two glycine transporters have been cloned: GLYT1, mainly expressed by glial cells and shown to colocalize with NMDA receptors, and GLYT2, exclusively expressed by neurons and colocalized with the inhibitory glycine receptors. The way in which the regulation of extracellular glycine concentration by glial glycine transporters affects physiological and pathological conditions is discussed. The presence, differential pharmacology and specific regulation of glycine transporters in glial cells strongly support an important role for glia in the modulation of both, excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmission.
Gadea
A
A
Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Departamento de Neurociencias, UNAM, México.
López-Colomé
A M
AM
D018528:ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters / Q000378:metabolism*; D027322:Amino Acid Transport System X-AG; D026921:Amino Acid Transport Systems, Neutral; D000690:Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D050485:GABA Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins; D050487:Glycine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins; D006801:Humans; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins; D009457:Neuroglia / Q000378:metabolism*; D009474:Neurons / Q000378:metabolism; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000378:metabolism; D013116:Spinal Cord / Q000378:metabolism
D018528:ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters; D027322:Amino Acid Transport System X-AG; D026921:Amino Acid Transport Systems, Neutral; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D050485:GABA Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins; D050487:Glycine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins; C493271:SLC6A5 protein, human; C493268:SLC6A9 protein, human