title: Carbamazepine is not a substrate for P-glycoprotein.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether the anticonvulsant carbamazepine (CBZ), a known CYP3A4 substrate, is also a substrate for the multidrug efflux transporter P-glycoprotein (Pgp).
  
  
  METHODS
  The role of Pgp in the transport of CBZ was assessed in three systems: (a) in mdr1a/1b(-/-) and wild-type mice after administration of 2 mg kg-1 and 20 mg kg-1, which served as a model for brain penetration; (b) in Caco-2 cells, an in vitro model of the intestinal epithelium that is known to express high Pgp levels; and (c) by flow cytometry in lymphocytes using rhodamine 123, a fluorescent substrate for PgP.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Brain penetration of both doses of CBZ at 1 h and 4 h was comparable in wild-type and mdr1a/1b(-/-) mice. Transport across the Caco-2 cell monolayer was Pgp-independent, and was not affected by the Pgp inhibitor PSC-833. CBZ had no effect on rhodamine 123 efflux from lymphocytes, in contrast to verapamil, which increased fluorescence intensity fivefold.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CBZ is not a substrate for Pgp. Its efficacy is unlikely to be affected by Pgp over-expression in the brain. Furthermore, the interaction of CBZ with drugs that modulate both CYP3A4 and Pgp function such as verapamil is probably due to inhibition of CYP3A4 and not Pgp.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, The University of Liverpool, L69 3GE, UK.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Owen
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pirmohamed
authors.forename: J N
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Tettey
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Morgan
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Chadwick
authors.forename: B K
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Park
mesh_terms: D020168:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1 / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D000927:Anticonvulsants / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism*; D018938:Caco-2 Cells; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers / Q000494:pharmacology; D002220:Carbamazepine / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D004827:Epilepsy / Q000188:drug therapy; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006801:Humans; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000502:physiology; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D014700:Verapamil / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D020168:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1; D000927:Anticonvulsants; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers; D002220:Carbamazepine; D014700:Verapamil