title: Oral anticoagulant therapy during and after coronary angioplasty the intensity and duration of anticoagulation are essential to reduce thrombotic complications.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In the randomized Balloon Angioplasty and Anticoagulation Study (BAAS), the addition of oral anticoagulants to aspirin significantly reduced early and late events after coronary angioplasty. However, bleeding episodes were increased. The present report studied the intensity and the duration of anticoagulation as predictors of thrombotic and bleeding events.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 530 patients, 34% of whom received a stent, were treated with aspirin plus coumarins. Half of the patients were randomized to angiographic follow-up. The target international normalized ratio (INR) was 2.1 to 4.8 during angioplasty and 6-month follow-up. Thrombotic events were death, myocardial infarction, target lesion revascularization, and thrombotic stroke. Bleeding complications were hemorrhagic stroke, major extracranial bleeding, and false aneurysm. "Optimal" anticoagulation was defined as an INR in the target range for at least 70% of the follow-up time. There were 17 early thrombotic events (3.2%), 7 early bleeding episodes (1.3%), and 10 false aneurysms (1.9%). The incidence rate for both early thrombotic and bleeding events was lowest in patients in the target range. A total of 61 late thrombotic events occurred (11.6%). Optimal anticoagulation was an independent predictor of late thrombotic events (relative risk, 0.33; 95% CI, 0.19 to 0.57) and was associated with a 0.21 mm (95% CI, 0.17 to 0.42) larger vessel lumen at 6 months. Late bleeding episodes (1.4%) were lowest in patients in the target range.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Coumarins started before coronary angioplasty with a target INR of 2.1 to 4.8 led to the lowest procedural event rate, without an increase in bleeding episodes. During follow-up, optimal anticoagulation was associated with a decrease in the incidence of late events by 67% and a significant improvement in 6-month angiographic outcome.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, St Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands. jurtenberg@wxs.nl
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: ten Berg
authors.forename: B A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Hutten
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Kelder
authors.forename: F W
authors.initials: FW
authors.lastname: Verheugt
authors.forename: H W
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Plokker
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D017541:Aneurysm, False / Q000139:chemically induced; D015906:Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary / Q000009:adverse effects; D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001241:Aspirin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D002543:Cerebral Hemorrhage / Q000139:chemically induced; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000628:therapy*; D023903:Coronary Restenosis / Q000517:prevention & control; D003374:Coumarins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006470:Hemorrhage / Q000139:chemically induced; D006801:Humans; D019934:International Normalized Ratio; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012306:Risk; D015607:Stents / Q000009:adverse effects; D013927:Thrombosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D013988:Ticlopidine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014654:Vascular Patency / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000925:Anticoagulants; D003374:Coumarins; D013988:Ticlopidine; D001241:Aspirin