title: Age-related changes in frontal and temporal lobe volumes in men: a magnetic resonance imaging study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Imaging and postmortem studies provide converging evidence that, beginning in adolescence, gray matter volume declines linearly until old age, while cerebrospinal fluid volumes are stable in adulthood (age 20-50 years). Given the fixed volume of the cranium in adulthood, it is surprising that most studies observe no white matter volume expansion after approximately age 20 years. We examined the effects of the aging process on the frontal and temporal lobes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventy healthy adult men aged 19 to 76 years underwent magnetic resonance imaging. Coronal images focused on the frontal and temporal lobes were acquired using pulse sequences that maximized gray vs white matter contrast. The volumes of total frontal and temporal lobes as well as the gray and white matter subcomponents were evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Age-related linear loss in gray matter volume in both frontal (r = -0.62, P<.001) and temporal (r = -0.48, P<.001) lobes was confirmed. However, the quadratic function best represented the relationship between age and white matter volume in the frontal (P<.001) and temporal (P<.001) lobes. Secondary analyses indicated that white matter volume increased until age 44 years for the frontal lobes and age 47 years for the temporal lobes and then declined.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The changes in white matter suggest that the adult brain is in a constant state of change roughly defined as periods of maturation continuing into the fifth decade of life followed by degeneration. Pathological states that interfere with such maturational processes could result in neurodevelopmental arrests in adulthood.
authors.affiliation: Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System, 2200 Fort Roots Dr, Bldg 170, (116A/NLR), North Little Rock, AR 72114, USA. gbar@ucla.edu
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bartzokis
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Beckson
authors.forename: P H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: K H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Nuechterlein
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Edwards
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mintz
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology*; D005625:Frontal Lobe / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000254:growth & development; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013702:Temporal Lobe / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000254:growth & development