title: Excitation-contraction coupling is unaffected by drastic alteration of the sequence surrounding residues L720-L764 of the alpha 1S II-III loop.
abstract: The II-III loop of the skeletal muscle dihydropyridine receptor (DHPR) alpha(1S) subunit is responsible for bidirectional-signaling interactions with the ryanodine receptor (RyR1): transmitting an orthograde, excitation-contraction (EC) coupling signal to RyR1 and receiving a retrograde, current-enhancing signal from RyR1. Previously, several reports argued for the importance of two distinct regions of the skeletal II-III loop (residues R681-L690 and residues L720-Q765, respectively), claiming for each a key function in DHPR-RyR1 communication. To address whether residues 720-765 of the II-III loop are sufficient to enable skeletal-type (Ca(2+) entry-independent) EC coupling and retrograde interaction with RyR1, we constructed a green fluorescent protein (GFP)-tagged chimera (GFP-SkLM) having rabbit skeletal (Sk) DHPR sequence except for a II-III loop (L) from the DHPR of the house fly, Musca domestica (M). The Musca II-III loop (75% dissimilarity to alpha(1S)) has no similarity to alpha(1S) in the regions R681-L690 and L720-Q765. GFP-SkLM expressed in dysgenic myotubes (which lack endogenous alpha(1S) subunits) was unable to restore EC coupling and displayed strongly reduced Ca(2+) current densities despite normal surface expression levels and correct triad targeting (colocalization with RyR1). Introducing rabbit alpha(1S) residues L720-L764 into the Musca II-III loop of GFP-SkLM (substitution for Musca DHPR residues E724-T755) completely restored bidirectional coupling, indicating its dependence on alpha(1S) loop residues 720-764 but its independence from other regions of the loop. Thus, 45 alpha(1S)-residues embedded in a very dissimilar background are sufficient to restore bidirectional coupling, indicating that these residues may be a site of a protein-protein interaction required for bidirectional coupling.
authors.affiliation: Institut für Biochemische Pharmakologie, Universität Innsbruck, Peter-Mayr-Strasse 1, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Wilkens
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kasielke
authors.forename: B E
authors.initials: BE
authors.lastname: Flucher
authors.forename: K G
authors.initials: KG
authors.lastname: Beam
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Grabner
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D020746:Calcium Channels, L-Type / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D018076:DNA, Complementary; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D018408:Patch-Clamp Techniques; D011817:Rabbits; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
chemical_list: D020746:Calcium Channels, L-Type; D018076:DNA, Complementary; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D002118:Calcium