title: [Addition of clonidine to 0.5% lidocaine for intravenous locoregional anesthesia].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Evaluate the effect of the addition of clonidine to lidocaine on postoperative pain after intravenous regional anaesthesia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Double blind prospective study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-five patients were randomly allocated to two groups: group 1 (n = 25) receiving 3 mg.kg-1 of lidocaine 0.5% added to saline and group 2 (n = 20) receiving 3 mg.kg-1 of lidocaine 0.5% added to clonidine (150 micrograms). Postoperative analgesia was assessed using a visual analogue pain score (VAPS) and the time to first analgesic request. The incidence of side effects after tourniquet release was noted. Analysis of variance, Kruskall Wallis and chi 2 tests were used for statistical analysis. A p-value of < 0.05 was considered significant.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Age, ASA class, duration and type of surgery, tourniquet time and sensory block duration were comparable for the two groups. The time to first antalgic request after deflation of tourniquet was similar in the two groups (38 +/- 15 min versus 44 +/- 19 min), while VAPS score was lower (p < 0.05) in the clonidine group (5.2 versus 6.8). The incidence of side effects was comparable in the two groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The addition of clonidine (150 micrograms) to lidocaine for intravenous regional anaesthesia improved postoperative analgesia but in a limited and short-lasting manner.
authors.affiliation: Service d'anesthésie-réanimation des urgences chirurgicales, CHU Ibn Rochd, Casablanca 20000, Maroc.
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Samkaoui
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bouaggad
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: al Harrar
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Bouderka
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Abbassi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000771:Anesthesia, Intravenous / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D000772:Anesthesia, Local / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003000:Clonidine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004338:Drug Combinations; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007660:Ketoprofen / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008012:Lidocaine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008297:Male; D010147:Pain Measurement; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000517:prevention & control
chemical_list: D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D004338:Drug Combinations; D007660:Ketoprofen; D008012:Lidocaine; D003000:Clonidine