title: Role of adenosine 5'-triphosphate in vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage: human investigations.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) is a vasoactive compound found in high concentrations inside erythrocytes. This compound may contribute to vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). We assessed the hypothesis that ATP contributes to vasospasm in humans.
  
  
  METHODS
  ATP and hemoglobin concentrations were measured in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from humans with SAH and in blood incubated in vitro. The vasoactivity of the human CSF samples and of fractionated (fractions with molecular weight greater than or less than 10 kDa) and unfractionated blood incubated in vitro was assessed by application of samples to canine basilar artery segments under isometric tension.
  
  
  RESULTS
  ATP in human CSF declined within 72 hours of SAH to concentrations too low to contract cerebral arteries. Vasoactivity of human CSF correlated with the concentration of hemoglobin. The vasoactivity of incubated erythrocyte hemolysates remained high despite a decline in ATP concentrations. Fractionation of incubated erythrocyte hemolysates showed that for incubation periods up to 7 days, all vasoactivity was in a fraction of molecular weight greater than 10 kDa.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  ATP is unlikely to contribute to vasospasm because the concentrations in CSF after SAH in humans are not high enough to cause vasospasm after 72 hours. The vasoactivity of erythrocyte hemolysate is not related to the ATP or ferrous hemoglobin content but may be related to the total hemoglobin content. Therefore, ATP is unlikely to be a major cause of clinically significant delayed vasospasm.
authors.affiliation: Section of Neurosurgery, University of Chicago Medical Center, Pritzker School of Medicine, Illinois, USA. lmacdona@surgery.bsd.uchicago.edu
authors.forename: R L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Macdonald
authors.forename: B K
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Weir
authors.forename: L S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Marton
authors.forename: Z D
authors.initials: ZD
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sajdak
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Johns
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kowalczuk
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Borsody
mesh_terms: D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid*; D000818:Animals; D001488:Basilar Artery / Q000503:physiopathology; D004285:Dogs; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid; D006801:Humans; D013345:Subarachnoid Hemorrhage / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid*; D020301:Vasospasm, Intracranial / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid*
chemical_list: D006454:Hemoglobins; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate