title: Influenza vaccine in healthy preschool children.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Studies of influenza vaccination in healthy children have not definitely answered the question of their efficacy.
  
  
  METHODS
  We have carried out a randomized trial in a well selected population of healthy preschool children in Sardinia, Italy. During October 1995, 344 children aged 1 to 6 years, were randomly assigned to receive influenza vaccine (n=177) or no treatment (n=167). Two doses of a trivalent subvirion vaccine, containing 15mg of highly purified surface antigens from the component strains A/Johannesburg/33/94-like, A/Singapore/6/86-like and B/ Beijing/184/ 93-like were administered. Follow-up data were collected from December 1, 1995 through April 30, 1996.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seroconversion was documented in 17 out of 17 children. No specific systemic symptoms or severe local reactions were observed after vaccination. Influenza-like episodes, defined by the presence of fever and cough or sore throat that lasted at least 72 hours, occurred in 63 (37.7%) of unvaccinated children and in 22 (12.4%) of vaccinated ones. The corresponding reduction in disease incidence was 67% (95% CI: 0.59-0.74). Three episodes of otitis were observed among children in the control group versus zero among vaccinated children (p=0.07). Mean duration of day care center absenteism was significantly reduced by vaccination (2.3 days in unvaccinated and 0.5 day in vaccinated children, p<0.001)
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Influenza vaccine is safe and effective in healthy preschool children. However the favourable implications of vaccination on disease rate in subsequent years have to be evaluated.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology, University of Sassari, Viale San Petro 12, 07100 Sassari, Italy. colombo@uniss.it
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Colombo
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Argiolas
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: La Vecchia
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Negri
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Meloni
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Meloni
mesh_terms: D000041:Absenteeism; D016907:Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems; D001827:Body Height; D001835:Body Weight; D002648:Child; D002656:Child Day Care Centers; D002669:Child Welfare; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005191:Family Characteristics; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006361:Heating; D006801:Humans; D007115:Immunization Schedule; D009980:Influenza A virus / Q000276:immunology; D009981:Influenza B virus / Q000276:immunology; D007252:Influenza Vaccines / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000276:immunology*; D007251:Influenza, Human / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000821:virology; D007558:Italy / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D012923:Social Class; D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution / Q000009:adverse effects; D014611:Vaccination / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000592:standards*; D015164:Vaccines, Inactivated / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D007252:Influenza Vaccines; D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution; D015164:Vaccines, Inactivated