title: Further round-robin tests to improve the comparability between laboratories of the measurement of carbon in diesel soot and in environmental samples.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  An informal European coordination group organized two round-robin tests on filters collected from environmental, workplace and diluted diesel emissions. Previous inter-laboratory comparisons have shown that experimental samples give reasonably good results in terms of the dispersion around the mean, from all the participating laboratories. However, there were significant differences between the laboratories owing to a narrow distribution of the results within a single laboratory. In order to gain a better understanding of the differences obtained between the laboratories, it was decided to carry out more round-robin tests and to investigate further the possible factors which may influence the results.
  
  
  METHODS
  The first round-robin (RRT3) was performed on six different samples (eight replicates) analyzed by ten laboratories. The range of loading was 40 to 138 micrograms cm-2 of total carbon (TC). Laboratories used their own thermal procedure parameters. The second round-robin test (RRT4) was performed on three different diluted diesel emissions (two replicates) samples analyzed by 13 laboratories. The range of loading was 21 to 37 micrograms cm-2 TC. Laboratories analyzed samples using imposed temperatures (500, 650 and 800 degrees C) and imposed duration (12 min).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Inter-laboratory coefficients of variation for diluted diesel emission samples were 10% for RRT3 and ranged from 6 to 19% for RRT4. The influence of the desorption temperature was clearly demonstrated and the results tended to show that a desorption temperature of 650 degrees C could be an acceptable compromise. The influence of the organic carbon/elemental carbon (OC/EC) ratio was shown to be insignificant with pure diesel soot samples.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It was expected that a significant improvement would be seen in the inter-laboratory dispersion by the use of a common standardized thermal desorption program, but the objectives of these RRTs were only partly reached. This paper provides new information that will be useful in the elaboration of a standardized procedure for the European Normalisation Centre (CEN TC 137 WG2--General requirements for measuring procedures).
authors.affiliation: Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, Rue du Bugnon 19, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland. Michel.Guillemin@inst.hospvd.ch
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Guillemin
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Perret
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Dabill
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Grosjean
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Dahmann
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hebisch
mesh_terms: D002244:Carbon / Q000032:analysis*; D002623:Chemistry Techniques, Analytical / Q000379:methods; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D005060:Europe; D006801:Humans; D007391:International Cooperation; D007753:Laboratories / Q000592:standards*; D008452:Maximum Allowable Concentration; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D011786:Quality Control; D012015:Reference Standards; D013696:Temperature; D001335:Vehicle Emissions / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D001335:Vehicle Emissions; D002244:Carbon