title: Novel, compact, intraoperative magnetic resonance imaging-guided system for conventional neurosurgical operating rooms.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Preliminary clinical experience with a novel, compact, intraoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-guided system that can be used in an ordinary operating room is presented.
  
  
  METHODS
  The system features an MRI scanner integrated with an optical and MRI tracking system. Scanning and navigation, which are operated by the surgeon, are controlled by an in-room computer workstation with a liquid crystal display screen. The scanner includes a 0.12-T permanent magnet with a 25-cm vertical gap, accommodating the patient's head. The field of view is 11 x 16 cm, encompassing the surgical area of interest. The magnet is mounted on a transportable gantry that can be positioned under the surgical table when not in use for scanning, thus rendering the surgical environment unmodified and allowing the use of standard instruments. The features of the integrated navigation system allow flap planning and intraoperative tracking based on updated images acquired during surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty patients with brain tumors were surgically treated using craniotomy or trans-sphenoidal approaches. One patient underwent conscious craniotomy with cortical mapping, and two underwent electrocorticography.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Planning was accurate. Resection control images were obtained for all patients during surgery, with precise localization of residual tumor tissue. There were no surgical complications related to the use of the system.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This intraoperative MRI system can function in a normal operating room modified only to eliminate radiofrequency interference. The operative environment is normal, and standard instruments can be used. The scanning and navigation capabilities of the system eliminate the inaccuracies that may result from brain shift. This novel type of intraoperative MRI system represents another step toward the introduction of the modality as a standard method in neurosurgery.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Sheba Medical Center, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel. hadani@isdn.net.il
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hadani
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Spiegelman
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Feldman
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Berkenstadt
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Ram
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D001927:Brain Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery*; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003399:Craniotomy / Q000295:instrumentation; D004867:Equipment Design; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000295:instrumentation*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000295:instrumentation*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009873:Operating Rooms; D013238:Stereotaxic Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation*; D013523:Surgical Equipment; D014584:User-Computer Interface