title: Analysis of inhibition by H89 of UCP1 gene expression and thermogenesis indicates protein kinase A mediation of beta(3)-adrenergic signalling rather than beta(3)-adrenoceptor antagonism by H89.
abstract: Although it has generally been assumed that protein kinase A (PKA) is essential for brown adipose tissue function, this has not as yet been clearly demonstrated. H89, an inhibitor of PKA, was used here to inhibit PKA activity. In cell extracts, it was confirmed that norepinephrine stimulated PKA activity, which was abolished by H89 treatment. In isolated brown adipocytes, H89 inhibited adrenergically induced thermogenesis (with an IC(50) of approx. 40 microM), and in cultured cells, adrenergically stimulated expression of the uncoupling protein-1 (UCP1) gene was abolished by H89 (full inhibition with 50 microM). However, H89 has been reported to be an adrenergic antagonist on beta(1)/beta(2)-adrenoceptors (AR). Although adrenergic stimulation of thermogenesis and UCP1 gene expression are mediated via beta(3)-ARs, it was deemed necessary to investigate whether H89 also had antagonistic potency on beta(3)-ARs. It was found that EC(50) values for beta(3)-AR-selective stimulation of cAMP production (with BRL-37344) in brown adipose tissue membrane fractions and in intact cells were not affected by H89. Similarly, the EC(50) of adrenergically stimulated oxygen consumption was not affected by H89. As H89 also abolished forskolin-induced UCP1 gene expression, and potentiated selective beta(3)-AR-induced cAMP production, H89 must be active downstream of cAMP. Thus, no antagonism of H89 on beta(3)-ARs could be detected. We conclude that H89 can be used as a pharmacological tool for elucidation of the involvement of PKA in cellular signalling processes regulated via beta(3)-ARs, and that the results are concordant with adrenergic stimulation of thermogenesis and UCP1 gene expression in brown adipocytes being mediated via a PKA-dependent pathway.
authors.affiliation: Wenner-Gren Institute, Arrhenius Laboratories F3, Stockholm University, SE-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden. mf@zoofys.su.se
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Fredriksson
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Thonberg
authors.forename: K B
authors.initials: KB
authors.lastname: Ohlson
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ohba
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Cannon
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Nedergaard
mesh_terms: D017667:Adipocytes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D005576:Colforsin / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D000242:Cyclic AMP / Q000378:metabolism; D017868:Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D007473:Ion Channels; D007546:Isoquinolines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D024101:Mitochondrial Proteins; D009638:Norepinephrine / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D010101:Oxygen Consumption / Q000187:drug effects; D022702:Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-3 / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013449:Sulfonamides; D000071256:Uncoupling Protein 1
chemical_list: D002352:Carrier Proteins; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D007473:Ion Channels; D007546:Isoquinolines; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D024101:Mitochondrial Proteins; D022702:Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-3; D013449:Sulfonamides; C000604372:Ucp1 protein, mouse; D000071256:Uncoupling Protein 1; D005576:Colforsin; D000242:Cyclic AMP; D017868:Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases; C063509:N-(2-(4-bromocinnamylamino)ethyl)-5-isoquinolinesulfonamide; D009638:Norepinephrine