title: Spontaneous intraparenchymal hemorrhage in full-term neonates.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Spontaneous intraparenchymal hemorrhage is extremely rare in full-term newborns. Reports to date have been limited to descriptions of individual cases, small groups within larger studies of intracranial hemorrhage, and one series of four patients. Structural lesions are rarely identified, and the majority of patients described have been managed without surgical intervention.
  
  
  METHODS
  Analysis of a computerized database of pediatric neurosurgical patients from January 1960 to February 2000 identified full-term newborns younger than 3 months of age with nontraumatic intraparenchymal hemorrhages. Prenatal histories, labor and delivery histories, clinical presentations, imaging studies, management, and outcomes were reviewed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eleven full-term newborns with spontaneous intraparenchymal hemorrhages were identified. The majority had normal prenatal courses. Most presented within the first 2 days of life (6 of 11 patients), and the most common presenting sign was seizure (7 of 11 patients). No cause was identified in 6 of 11 patients; the remainder were attributed to coagulopathy (n = 3), ruptured intracranial aneurysm (n = 1), or hemorrhagic infarction (n = 1). Eight patients underwent surgical hematoma evacuation on the basis of radiographic evidence of significant mass effect, evidence of signs of elevated intracranial pressure, or both. Three patients did not receive surgical intervention. There were no subsequent hemorrhages or deaths during a mean follow-up period of 4.5 years (range, 1-16 yr). Four patients had normal neurological outcomes, four had motor deficits (one of whom additionally demonstrated cognitive delay), and three had delayed speech.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  No cause is identified in most newborns with spontaneous intraparenchymal hemorrhage. Radiographic evidence of mass effect or signs of elevated intracranial pressure may necessitate surgical hematoma evacuation. Outcome varies widely and may be normal, even in patients with sizeable intraparenchymal hemorrhages.
authors.affiliation: Division of Neurosurgery, The Hospital for Sick Children and the University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: D I
authors.initials: DI
authors.lastname: Sandberg
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lamberti-Pasculli
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Drake
authors.forename: R P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Humphreys
authors.forename: J T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Rutka
mesh_terms: D017542:Aneurysm, Ruptured / Q000150:complications; D001778:Blood Coagulation Disorders / Q000150:complications; D002543:Cerebral Hemorrhage / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery*; D002544:Cerebral Infarction / Q000150:complications; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D006406:Hematoma / Q000150:complications / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D002532:Intracranial Aneurysm / Q000150:complications; D007427:Intracranial Pressure; D007805:Language Development Disorders / Q000209:etiology; D008297:Male; D009069:Movement Disorders / Q000209:etiology; D009422:Nervous System Diseases / Q000209:etiology; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D012640:Seizures / Q000209:etiology; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed