title: Influence of gestational age and maternal height on fetal femur length calculations.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether current methods of detecting Down syndrome based on fetal femur length calculations are influenced by gestational age or maternal height.
  
  
  METHODS
  Four formulas were used to calculate expected femur length (FL) based on the fetal biparietal diameter (BPD) between 15 0/7 weeks' gestation and 19 6/7 weeks' gestation. For each gestational age, the BPD:FL ratio for women shorter than one standard deviation (SD) below the mean height was compared with the ratio for women taller than one SD above the mean height. A measured:expected FL ratio of 0.91 or less and a BPD:FL ratio greater than 1.5 SD above the mean was considered abnormal.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The four formulas used to calculate measured:expected FL ratios were significantly more likely to be abnormal at 15--16 weeks' gestation, compared with 18-19 weeks' gestation (P <.05). Maternal height correlated with femur lengths at 18 and 19 weeks' gestation (P <.05) but not at earlier gestational ages. At 18 and 19 weeks' gestation, women shorter than one SD below the mean were twice as likely to have an abnormal BPD:FL ratio compared with women taller than one SD above the mean (relative risk 2.38; 95% confidence interval 1.21, 4.69).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Early gestational age increases a woman's risk of having an abnormal measured:expected FL ratio, whereas short stature increases a woman's risk of having an abnormal BPD:FL ratio at later gestational ages. These findings indicate that risk assessment for fetal Down syndrome for such patients might be inaccurate. (Obstet Gynecol 2001;97:742-6.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Madigan Army Medical Center,., Tacoma, Washington 98431, USA. btpier@foxinternet.net
authors.forename: B T
authors.initials: BT
authors.lastname: Pierce
authors.forename: E G
authors.initials: EG
authors.lastname: Hancock
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Kovac
authors.forename: P G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Napolitano
authors.forename: R F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Hume
authors.forename: B C
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Calhoun
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001827:Body Height; D015331:Cohort Studies; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D004314:Down Syndrome / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000453:epidemiology; D005314:Embryonic and Fetal Development; D005260:Female; D005269:Femur / Q000196:embryology* / Q000254:growth & development*; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011247:Pregnancy; D015995:Prevalence; D011336:Probability; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D016216:Ultrasonography, Prenatal / Q000379:methods*