title: Metabolic cardiovascular syndrome after renal transplantation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the major cause of death in renal transplant recipients. Traditional risk factors like hypertension, dyslipidaemia and diabetes mellitus are common, but cannot completely account for the high prevalence of CVD in this population. The aim of the present study was to assess whether post-transplant glucose intolerance, defined as post-transplant diabetes mellitus, impaired glucose tolerance, or impaired fasting glucose, is associated with metabolic disturbances known to increase risk of cardiovascular disease, similar to what has been observed in the general population.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred and seventy-three consecutive patients were prospectively examined 10 weeks after transplantation. An oral glucose tolerance test was completed in 167 patients. Questionnaires, medical records, and the results of various blood tests were used to evaluate a number of known cardiovascular risk factors in all patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Glucose intolerance was present in about one-half the recipients and was associated with age, a positive family history of ischaemic heart disease, acute rejection, higher levels of serum triglycerides, apolipoprotein B and 2-h insulin, and lower levels of serum HDL cholesterol. After adjustment for age and sex, lower HDL cholesterol (P=0.005), higher serum triglycerides (P<0.001), apolipoprotein B (P=0.039) and 2-h insulin (P<0.001) were still associated with post-transplant glucose intolerance.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Ten weeks after renal transplantation glucose intolerance is associated with a clustering of cardiovascular risk factors and metabolic abnormalities, consistent with a post-transplant metabolic cardiovascular syndrome.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, National Hospital, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hjelmesaeth
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hartmann
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Midtvedt
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Aakhus
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Stenstrøm
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Mørkrid
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Egeland
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tordarson
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Fauchald
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000209:etiology* / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D018149:Glucose Intolerance / Q000150:complications / Q000209:etiology; D006710:Homocysteine / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008074:Lipoproteins / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008499:Medical Records; D008659:Metabolic Diseases / Q000150:complications* / Q000209:etiology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D013577:Syndrome
chemical_list: D007328:Insulin; D008055:Lipids; D008074:Lipoproteins; D006710:Homocysteine