The association between air pollution and heart failure, arrhythmia, embolism, thrombosis, and other cardiovascular causes of death in a time series study.
In a time series study, air pollution was associated with specific cardiovascular causes of death. Deaths due to heart failure (ICD-9 428), arrhythmia (ICD-9 427), cerebrovascular causes (ICD-9 430-436), and thrombocytic causes (ICD-9 415.1, 433-4, 444, 452-3) were more strongly associated with air pollution than cardiovascular deaths (ICD-9 390-448) in general. Excess relative risks were 2.5 to 4 times larger for these categories than for total cardiovascular disease mortality. Heart failure deaths, which made up 10% of all cardiovascular deaths, were found to be responsible for about 30% of the cardiovascular deaths related to particulate matter, SO2, CO, and NO2.
Hoek
G
G
Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Utrecht, P. O. Box 80176, 3508 TD Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Brunekreef
B
B
Fischer
P
P
van Wijnen
J
J
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000397:Air Pollution / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000209:etiology* / Q000401:mortality*; D002423:Cause of Death; D002561:Cerebrovascular Disorders / Q000209:etiology* / Q000401:mortality*; D016021:Epidemiologic Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors