title: Pulmonary venous flow in large, uncomplicated atrial septal defect.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The pulmonary venous flow velocity pattern (PVFVP) in atrial septal defect (ASD) has not been previously studied in detail. Normally, PVFVP is primarily determined by the left heart performance. We hypothesized that the impact of left-sided heart dynamics on PVFVP is diminished in patients with ASD because of the presence of a left-to-right shunt into the low-resistance right side of the heart.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Transesophageal echocardiography was performed in 19 adults and 3 children with a large, uncomplicated secundum ASD (maximum diameter 0.6 to 3.0 cm). All patients were in normal sinus rhythm with an average heart rate of 78 bpm in adults and 116 bpm in children. In 21 subjects the antegrade PVFVP lacked distinct systolic (S) and diastolic (D) waves. Instead, we observed a single continuous antegrade wave extending from the beginning of systole to the onset of atrial contraction. Furthermore, the amplitude of the atrial reversal (AR) wave was smaller than in historical controls. In 3 patients in whom ASD was surgically repaired, we observed an immediate return of distinct S and D waves postoperatively. This confirmed that PVFVP abnormality was indeed the result of the ASD. Also a large increase in the AR wave amplitude (46 + 15 cm/s) was noted postoperatively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This previously unrecognized PVFVP comprising a single continuous antegrade wave and a diminished AR wave sheds new light on the hemodynamics of ASDs. Its presence may also alert the echocardiographer to the possibility of an ASD when the septal defect cannot be visualized directly.
authors.affiliation: New York University Medical Center, NY 10016, USA.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Saric
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Applebaum
authors.forename: C K
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Phoon
authors.forename: E S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Katz
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Goldstein
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Tunick
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kronzon
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity / Q000502:physiology; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology; D006344:Heart Septal Defects, Atrial / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011184:Postoperative Period; D011667:Pulmonary Veins / Q000503:physiopathology*