title: Effect of rejuvenation and frozen storage on 42-day-old AS-1 RBCs.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The FDA has approved a 42-day storage period for RBCs stored in ADSOL (AS-1). This study was undertaken to provide data for the FDA about the feasibility of salvaging AS-1 RBCs at the end of their storage period by rejuvenation and freezing.
  
  
  METHODS
  The investigation, consisting of a study (n = 10) and control (n = 6) arm, was carried out in two centers. In both centers, eight healthy volunteers donated a unit (450 mL) of whole blood. The RBC concentrates were stored at 4 degrees C in AS-1 for 42 days. The study units were rejuvenated, whereas the control units were not. All units were stored frozen at -80 degrees C, then deglycerolized and kept for an additional 24 hours at 4 degrees C.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After the 42-day storage period, ATP had declined to 62 percent of the original value, 2,3 DPG was zero, and MCV was significantly larger than that of fresh RBCS: Following rejuvenation and deglycerolization, the mean ATP level was 141 percent, the mean 2,3 DPG level was 109 percent, and the MCV was normal. The freeze-thaw-wash recovery of the rejuvenated and nonrejuvenated RBCs was similar, 88.4 and 84.0 percent, respectively. There was no difference in hypoxanthine, inosine, and uric acid levels in the rejuvenated and nonrejuvenated units, which indicated that the chemicals in the rejuvenation solution and their by-products had been removed during processing. In both centers, the mean 24-hour survival of rejuvenated, deglycerolized RBCs exceeded 75 percent, whereas that of nonrejuvenated RBCs did not. The long-term survival rates of viable study and control RBCs were similar.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Forty-two-day-old AS-1 RBCs that have been rejuvenated and then frozen have more than 75 percent viability and normal oxygen delivery function. Rejuvenation of RBCs does not introduce additional safety hazards to blood transfusion.
authors.affiliation: Blood Bank/Hospital Laboratories and the Department of Pathology, University of Massachusetts Memorial Medical Center, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA. Szymznski@ummhc.org
authors.forename: I O
authors.initials: IO
authors.lastname: Szymanski
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Teno
authors.forename: W B
authors.initials: WB
authors.lastname: Lockwood
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hudgens
authors.forename: G S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Johnson
mesh_terms: D001793:Blood Preservation; D015925:Cryopreservation; D006801:Humans; D013997:Time Factors