title: Mechanism and requirements for bovine papillomavirus, type 1, E1 initiator complex assembly promoted by the E2 transcription factor bound to distal sites.
abstract: DNA replication of papillomavirus requires the viral initiator E1 and the transcription factor E2. Bovine papillomavirus, type 1 (BPV-1), E1, and E2 bind cooperatively as dimers to proximal sites in the viral replicator generating a sequence-specific E1E2-ori complex. This complex is critical for replication and can be converted to a multimeric E1-ori initiator complex by displacement of E2 in the presence of hydrolyzable ATP. However, E2 can function over extended distances, and E2 at a distal position 33 base pairs upstream of the E1-binding site also loads an E1 dimer onto ori. Under these conditions, neither displacement of E2 nor ATP hydrolysis are required for E1-ori formation, consistent with a need for ATP hydrolysis in E2 displacement from E1E2-ori. However, ATP is required for stabilization of the resulting E1-ori complex. These results indicate that BPV (with a proximal E2-binding site) and human papillomaviruses (with distal E2-binding sites) utilize the same general mechanism for E1 loading but suggest that E1E2-ori, which forms preferentially on ori, may perform an additional role in BPV replication.
authors.affiliation: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York 11724, USA.
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Sanders
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Stenlund
mesh_terms: D001483:Base Sequence; D001665:Binding Sites; D052688:Bovine papillomavirus 1 / Q000235:genetics*; D018983:DNA Footprinting; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000235:genetics; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D004047:Diethyl Pyrocarbonate / Q000737:chemistry; D019281:Dimerization; D017665:Hydroxyl Radical / Q000737:chemistry; D046911:Macromolecular Substances; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D018741:Replication Origin; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D014764:Viral Proteins / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D014779:Virus Replication
chemical_list: D004279:DNA, Viral; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; C069814:E1 protein, Bovine papillomavirus; C051550:E2 protein, Bovine papillomavirus; D046911:Macromolecular Substances; D014157:Transcription Factors; D014764:Viral Proteins; D017665:Hydroxyl Radical; D004047:Diethyl Pyrocarbonate