title: Importance of family history in type 2 black South African diabetic patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the family history of diabetes in type 2 black South African diabetics with emphasis on the parental phenotype.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective case-control study in which family histories were obtained from patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Diabetic clinic of a provincial teaching hospital in the Transkei region of South Africa.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 1111 type 2 diabetics attending the diabetic clinic and 687 controls.
  
  
  METHODS
  History of diabetes in parents, siblings, maternal and paternal grandparents, aunts, and uncles.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Altogether 27.3% of diabetic subjects had a family history of diabetes compared with 8.4% in the control group (p<0.01). Among the group with positive family history 82.6% reported only one diabetic family member, while 17.4% reported at least two relatives; 6.6% had a diabetic relative from both maternal and paternal sides, and 87.8% had first degree relative with diabetes. Among them there was a significant maternal aggregation with 64.7% of patients having a diabetic mother compared with 27% who had a diabetic father (p<0.01). No maternal effect was observed among the second and third degree relatives. Patients with positive family history had an earlier onset of diabetes than those without family history (p<0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data suggest that type 2 diabetes is heritable in black South African diabetics. It is also likely that maternal influences may play an important part.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Transkei, Private Bag XI, Umtata, South Africa. erasmus@getafix.utr.ac.za
authors.forename: R T
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Erasmus
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Blanco Blanco
authors.forename: A B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Okesina
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mesa Arana
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Gqweta
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Matsha
mesh_terms: D017668:Age of Onset; D044383:Black People / Q000235:genetics*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000208:ethnology / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010375:Pedigree; D010641:Phenotype; D013019:South Africa / Q000208:ethnology