title: Marginal characteristics of different filling materials and filling methods with standardized cavity preparation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the present study was to investigate the influence of different filling materials and methods on marginal integrity in Black Class I fillings.
  
  
  METHODS
  Standardized occlusal cavities were prepared in 80 extracted human molars. The preparations were filled with composite resin (1), with composite resin using the incremental technique (2), an experimental glass-fiber-reinforced (3) and polyester-reinforced (4) composite resin, a direct composite inlay (5), a ceramic insert (6), a Cerafil inlay (7), and with an experimental direct filling using Dyract AP compomer (8). Allocation of the teeth to the test groups was randomized; further processing was done on a blind basis. After the preparation of replicas, the teeth were subjected to a thermomechanical cycling process of 2,000 temperature cycles (5 degrees C/55 degrees C) and 50,000 stress cycles (50 N). This was followed by production of a second set of replicas and quantitative margin analysis by SEM (200X). A dye penetration test was then performed on the mesiodistal section.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Groups 1, 2, 5, 6 and 7 displayed a good primary marginal quality, with the proportion of continuous margins reaching more than 85%. Significantly poorer results were recorded for the experimental glass-fiber-reinforced composite resins and Dyract compomer, where the proportion of perfect margins was only between 36% and 73%. In groups 1, 2, 5, 6 and 7, marginal integrity remained stable after the thermomechanical stress cycles, with the Cerafil inlays recording the best values: 89% perfect margins and 3% marginal gaps. In contrast, the experimental composite resins and the compomer underwent a significant (p < 0.05) increase in the proportion of marginal gaps and a significant (p < 0.05) reduction in the proportion of continuous margin.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of this study show that neither Dyract compomer nor the glass-fiber-reinforced composite resins tested can be recommended for use in the occlusally stressed posterior region, whereas the other filling materials and methods were sufficiently stress resistant.
authors.affiliation: University of Marburg, MZ/ZMK, Department of Operative Dentistry, Georg-Voigt-Str. 3, D-35033 Marburg, Germany. stoll@mailer.uni-marburg.de
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Stoll
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Remes
authors.forename: K H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Kunzelmann
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Stachniss
mesh_terms: D000134:Acid Etching, Dental; D002516:Ceramics / Q000737:chemistry; D004396:Coloring Agents; D020770:Compomers / Q000737:chemistry; D003188:Composite Resins / Q000737:chemistry; D003736:Dental Cavity Lining; D003737:Dental Cavity Preparation / Q000145:classification / Q000379:methods*; D003763:Dental Leakage / Q000145:classification; D018772:Dental Marginal Adaptation; D003764:Dental Materials / Q000737:chemistry*; D003775:Dental Polishing; D003793:Dental Restoration, Permanent / Q000145:classification / Q000379:methods*; D005898:Glass / Q000737:chemistry; D005899:Glass Ionomer Cements / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D007284:Inlays; D008689:Methacrylates / Q000737:chemistry; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D011091:Polyesters / Q000737:chemistry; D017640:Silicates / Q000737:chemistry; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D013499:Surface Properties; D013816:Thermodynamics
chemical_list: D004396:Coloring Agents; D020770:Compomers; D003188:Composite Resins; D003764:Dental Materials; C088486:Dyract; D005899:Glass Ionomer Cements; D008689:Methacrylates; C084019:Pekafill; D011091:Polyesters; D017640:Silicates; C009753:fiberglass; C061499:Ketac-Bond