title: Polyamide 6 composite membranes: properties and in vitro biocompatibility evaluation.
abstract: The aim of the present study was to develop polyamide 6 membrane blended with gelatin and chondroitin sulfate using the phase precipitation method and evaluate its in vitro biocompatibility. Morphology of membranes was studied by laser scanning confocal microscopy which allowed the nondestructive visualization of internal bulk morphology of membranes. Membranes exhibited porous morphology with pores spanning across the membrane width with interconnections at various depths. Membranes showed adequate mechanical properties with tensile strengths of 20.10 +/- 0.64 MPa, % strain of 3.01+/-0.07, and modulus of 1082.50+/-23.50 MPa. In vitro biocompatibility of membranes by direct contact test did not show degenerative effects on NIH3T3 cells and also its leach-out products (LOP), as determined by tetrazolium (MTT) and neutral red uptake (NRU) assay. Mouse peritoneal macrophage cultured in contact with membranes and PTFE control showed comparable expression of activation markers such as CD11b/CD18, CD45, CD14, and CD86 suggesting the membranes' non-activating nature. Membrane LOP did not induce excessive proliferation of mouse splenocytes suggesting its non-antigenic nature. Preliminary blood compatibility of membranes was observed with no detectable hemolysis in static incubation assay. Taken collectively, the present data demonstrate that polyamide 6 composite membranes are biocompatible and prospective candidates for tissue engineering applications.
authors.affiliation: Tissue Engineering and Banking Laboratory, National Centre for Cell Science, Ganeshkhind, Pune, India. mrisbud@nccs.res.in
authors.forename: M V
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Risbud
authors.forename: R R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Bhonde
mesh_terms: D016475:3T3 Cells; D000818:Animals; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000096:biosynthesis; D051940:B7-2 Antigen; D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D002209:Caprolactam / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000737:chemistry*; D002455:Cell Division; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000737:chemistry; D002469:Cell Separation; D002809:Chondroitin Sulfates / Q000737:chemistry; D004396:Coloring Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D004249:DNA Damage; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D005780:Gelatin / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D017493:Leukocyte Common Antigens / Q000096:biosynthesis; D018950:Lipopolysaccharide Receptors / Q000096:biosynthesis; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000378:metabolism; D016177:Macrophage-1 Antigen / Q000096:biosynthesis; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000096:biosynthesis; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D009499:Neutral Red / Q000494:pharmacology; D011108:Polymers / Q000737:chemistry*; D013154:Spleen / Q000378:metabolism; D013778:Tetrazolium Salts / Q000494:pharmacology; D013844:Thiazoles / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD; D051940:B7-2 Antigen; D001672:Biocompatible Materials; C497964:CD86 protein, human; C497965:Cd86 protein, mouse; D004396:Coloring Agents; D018950:Lipopolysaccharide Receptors; D016177:Macrophage-1 Antigen; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D011108:Polymers; D013778:Tetrazolium Salts; D013844:Thiazoles; C009916:nylon 6; D009499:Neutral Red; D002209:Caprolactam; D005780:Gelatin; D002809:Chondroitin Sulfates; D017493:Leukocyte Common Antigens; C022616:thiazolyl blue