title: Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in Manitoba children: medical diagnosis and psychostimulant treatment rates.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe physicians' diagnosis rates for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) for children in the province of Manitoba and to describe the rate of psychostimulant medication use by these children.
  
  
  METHODS
  This descriptive study reviewed the computerized administrative records of physician visits and prescriptions dispensed to examine a population-based, cross-sectional cohort of children diagnosed with ADHD or prescribed stimulant medication, or both. We found 4787 children with a diagnosis of ADHD over a 24-month period or a prescription for stimulant medication over a 12-month period, or both. Rates were calculated by age, sex, region of residence, neighbourhood income level, and physician specialty.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among Manitoba children, 1.52% received a medical diagnosis of ADHD and 0.89% received stimulant medication. Regionally, diagnosis rates for ADHD varied almost 4-fold, and over 8-fold for medications prescribed. Urban areas had higher rates than did rural areas, regardless of physician specialty. Diagnosis and prescription rates varied according to physician specialty, with the highest rates found among pediatricians. An income gradient was evident in rural areas, with rates of ADHD diagnosis and medication prescribed increasing with increased neighbourhood income level.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The pattern of regional variation found in this study suggests that the diagnosis and treatment of ADHD in Manitoba are influenced strongly by the practice styles of local physicians.
authors.affiliation: Manitoba Centre for Health Policy and Evaluation, Department of Community Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, St Boniface General Hospital Research Centre, Room 2008, 351 Taché Avenue, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6. brownl@cpe.umanitoba.ca
authors.forename: M D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Brownell
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Yogendran
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology*; D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D008350:Manitoba / Q000453:epidemiology; D008511:Medicine; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians'; D012424:Rural Population; D013038:Specialization; D014505:Urban Population
chemical_list: D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants