title: HO gene polymorphism in Saccharomyces industrial yeasts and application of novel HO genes to convert homothallism to heterothallism in combination with the mating-type detection cassette.
abstract: Southern blot analysis of industrial yeasts showed that all top-fermenting yeasts, distiller's yeasts and a proportion of wine yeasts tested in the present study produced a hybridization signal (approximately 7 kb), corresponding to a Saccharomyces cerevisiae-type HO gene (Sc-HO). It also showed that bottom-fermenting yeasts gave rise to 7-kb and 4-kb hybridization signals, corresponding to the Sc-HO gene and the lager yeast HO gene (Lg-HO), respectively. Two wine yeasts produced a 4-kb hybridization signal, corresponding to Lg-HO; and one wine yeast produced 2.5-kb and 1.5-kb hybridization bands, corresponding to a S. uvarum-type HO gene (Uv-HO). Partial nucleotide sequences of HO genes amplified from these wine yeasts perfectly matched those of Lg-HO and Uv-HO, respectively. HO disruption vectors were constructed by inserting a dominant selective marker PGK1p-neo and the mating-type detection cassette MFalpha1p-PHO5 within the Lg-HO or Uv-HO gene. From transformants carrying a single-disrupted ho gene, mating-competent progenies were easily obtained through meiosis. Moreover, mating-competent derivatives appearing at very low frequency could be obtained from a double-disrupted ho transformant without meiosis (even from a wine yeast lacking sporulation ability), because the sensitive phosphatase-staining method allowed detection of the Pho+ mating-competent derivatives from confluent colonies by the random spore method. Our study describes a rapid and convenient method for isolating mating-competent clones from industrial yeasts.
authors.affiliation: Central Laboratories for Key Technology, Kirin Brewery Company Limited, Kanagawa, Japan. ytamai@kirin.co.jp
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tamai
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kaneko
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Harashima
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D001483:Base Sequence; D015139:Blotting, Southern; D004720:Endonucleases; D005516:Food Microbiology; D005800:Genes, Fungal / Q000235:genetics*; D049770:Genes, Mating Type, Fungal; D005822:Genetic Vectors; D007218:Industrial Microbiology; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D014169:Transformation, Bacterial; D014920:Wine
chemical_list: D004720:Endonucleases