Comparative study of treatment with penicillin, ceftriaxone, trovafloxacin, quinupristin-dalfopristin and vancomycin in experimental endocarditis due to penicillin- and ceftriaxone-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae.
The efficacy of different antibiotics was compared in an experimental model of aortic valve endocarditis in rabbits, using a serotype 19 strain of Streptococcus pneumoniae resistant to penicillin (MIC 12 mg/L) and ceftriaxone (MIC 12 mg/L). The results were compared with those of a control group, which received no treatment. One hundred and nineteen animals were treated with one of the following antibiotic regimens: im procaine penicillin G at a dosage of 300,000 U/kg weight/12 h (16 animals); iv trovafloxacin, 13.3 mg/kg/12 h (31 animals); iv ceftriaxone, 75 mg/kg/24 h (21 animals); iv vancomycin, 20 mg/kg/12 h (15 animals) and im quinupristin-dalfopristin, 30 mg/kg/8 h (20 animals). All the antibiotics used in this study proved to be efficient in reducing numbers of S. pneumoniae and in increasing the percentage of aortic vegetations that were rendered sterile compared with the control group. Penicillin at the dosage used in our study was capable of achieving serum concentrations two or three times greater than the MIC, thus demonstrating its effectiveness as an antibiotic for this endocarditis model. No significant difference was observed between the effects of vancomycin, quinupristin-dalfopristin and penicillin. Vancomycin proved to be more efficient than trovofloxacin in reducing the bacterial load and increasing the numbers sterilized. There was also a tendency for this antibiotic to be more effective than ceftriaxone in reducing the bacterial load of the vegetations. There was a statistically significant correlation between the weight of the vegetations and their bacterial load. In the light of these results, vancomycin and quinupristin-dalfopristin may be considered suitable alternatives to penicillin for the treatment of penicillin-resistant S. pneumoniae endocarditis.
López Fornas
F
F
University Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca, Murcia School of Medicine, Murcia, Spain.
Martínez García
F
F
Pérez Salmeron
J
J
Roldán Conesa
D
D
Cortés Sanchez
R
R
García Alberola
A
A
Ruíz Gómez
J
J
Gómez Gómez
J
J
Valdés Chávarri
M
M
D000818:Animals; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002443:Ceftriaxone / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D018432:Drug Resistance, Multiple; D004697:Endocarditis, Bacterial / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000382:microbiology; D024841:Fluoroquinolones; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009287:Naphthyridines / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010403:Penicillin Resistance; D010406:Penicillins / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011008:Pneumococcal Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000382:microbiology; D011817:Rabbits; D013296:Streptococcus pneumoniae / Q000187:drug effects / Q000302:isolation & purification; D014640:Vancomycin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014769:Virginiamycin / Q000627:therapeutic use
D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D024841:Fluoroquinolones; D009287:Naphthyridines; D010406:Penicillins; D014769:Virginiamycin; C062940:quinupristin-dalfopristin; D014640:Vancomycin; D002443:Ceftriaxone; C080163:trovafloxacin