title: Waiting lists for radiation therapy: a case study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Why waiting lists arise and how to address them remains unclear, and an improved understanding of these waiting list "dynamics" could lead to better management. The purpose of this study is to understand how the current shortage in radiation therapy in Ontario developed; the implications of prolonged waits; who is held accountable for managing such delays; and short, intermediate, and long-term solutions.
  
  
  METHODS
  A case study of the radiation therapy shortage in 1998-99 at Princess Margaret Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Relevant documents were collected; semi-structured, face-to-face interviews with ten administrators, health care workers, and patients were conducted, audio-taped and transcribed; and relevant meetings were observed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The radiation therapy shortage arose from a complex interplay of factors including: rising cancer incidence rates; broadening indications for radiation therapy; human resources management issues; government funding decisions; and responsiveness to previous planning recommendations. Implications of delays include poorer cancer control rates; patient suffering; and strained doctor-patient relationships. An incompatible relationship exists between moral responsibility, borne by government, and legal liability, borne by physicians. Short-term solutions include re-referral to centers with available resources; long-term solutions include training and recruiting health care workers, improving workload standards, increasing compensation, and making changes to the funding formula.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Human resource planning plays a critical role in the causes and solutions of waiting lists. Waiting lists have harsh implications for patients. Accountability relationships require realignment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Hamilton Regional Cancer Centre, McMaster University, Canada. dsxa@hotmail.com <dsxa@hotmail.com>
authors.forename: D P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: D'Souza
authors.forename: D K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Purdy
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bezjak
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Singer
mesh_terms: D002173:Cancer Care Facilities / Q000941:ethics / Q000458:organization & administration* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006297:Health Services Accessibility / Q000458:organization & administration*; D006748:Hospital Departments / Q000941:ethics / Q000458:organization & administration* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006752:Hospital Planning; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D028681:Moral Obligations; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D009864:Ontario; D019982:Organizational Case Studies; D010561:Personnel Staffing and Scheduling; D018787:Radiation Oncology / Q000941:ethics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012941:Social Responsibility; D014850:Waiting Lists; D000078329:Workforce; D016526:Workload