title: Hypertensive caudate hemorrhage prognostic predictor, outcome, and role of external ventricular drainage.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of the present study was to analyze the outcome and outcome predictors of caudate hemorrhage and role of external ventricular drainage in acute hydrocephalus.
  
  
  METHODS
  Clinical data from 36 consecutive patients with hypertensive caudate hemorrhage was used in the present study. Age, gender, volume of parenchymal hematoma, hematoma in the internal capsule, initial Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), hydrocephalus, severity of intraventricular hemorrhage, and hemorrhagic dilatation of the fourth ventricle were analyzed for effect on outcome. Effect of external ventricle drainage for hydrocephalus was evaluated by comparing preoperative and postoperative GCS scores.
  
  
  RESULTS
  By univariate analyses, poor outcome was associated with a poor initial GCS score (P=0.016), hydrocephalus (P<0.001), intraventricular hemorrhage severity (P<0.01), and hemorrhagic dilatation of the fourth ventricle (P=0.02). By multivariate analysis, stepwise logistic regression revealed that hydrocephalus was the only independent prognostic factor for poor outcome (P<0.001). Postoperative 48-hour GCS score was better than the preoperative score by use of paired-sample t test (P<0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hydrocephalus is the most important predictor of poor outcome. External ventricular drainage response for hydrocephalus was good in the present study, whereas an early decision should be made regarding preoperative neurological condition.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Neurosurgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical Center, Niaosung Hsiang, Kaohsiung Hsien, Taiwan.
authors.forename: P C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Liliang
authors.forename: C L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.forename: C H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: H W
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: C H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: T C
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: H J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D020145:Basal Ganglia Hemorrhage / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy; D002421:Caudate Nucleus / Q000098:blood supply / Q000473:pathology*; D002552:Cerebral Ventricles / Q000601:surgery*; D002557:Cerebrospinal Fluid Shunts; D004322:Drainage / Q000379:methods; D015600:Glasgow Coma Scale; D006801:Humans; D006849:Hydrocephalus / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy*; D006973:Hypertension / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis; D016015:Logistic Models; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D016896:Treatment Outcome