title: N-tert-butyl-alpha-phenylnitrone, a free radical scavenger with anticholinesterase activity does not improve the cognitive performance of scopolamine-challenged rats.
abstract: Reversible inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase improve spatial learning and memory in animal models of cognitive impairment. Here we investigate if the beneficial effects of free radical scavenger N-tert-butyl-alpha-phenylnitrone (PBN) on cognitive performance could be explained by its recently discovered anticholinesterase activity. Morris water maze experiment was performed to examine the effect of PBN on the impairment of spatial learning and memory induced by the antagonist of cholinergic muscarinic transmission scopolamine. In situ hybridization histochemistry experiment was performed to study its effects on the induction of immediate early gene expression (c-fos, c-jun) by dopamine D1 receptor agonist SKF-82958 and on the augmentation of the SKF-82958-induced expression of these genes by scopolamine. In both experiments, the effects of PBN were compared to the effects of reversible anticholinesterase physostigmine. We found that physostigmine but not PBN significantly reversed the cognitive impairment in scopolamine-challenged rats, prevented the induction of c-fos and c-jun mRNAs by SKF-82958 and attenuated the augmentation of the SKF-82958-induced expression of these genes by scopolamine. The present experiments did not reveal a significant in vivo anticholinesterase activity of PBN.
authors.affiliation: Brain Research Laboratory, Institute of Pathophysiology, Medical School, University of Ljubljana, Zaloska 4, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Milivojevic
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Babic
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Milatovic
authors.forename: W D
authors.initials: WD
authors.lastname: Dettbarn
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sket
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zivin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001552:Benzazepines / Q000494:pharmacology; D002800:Cholinesterase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003071:Cognition / Q000187:drug effects*; D003497:Cyclic N-Oxides; D018491:Dopamine Agonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects; D017781:Genes, Immediate-Early / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D018782:Maze Learning / Q000187:drug effects; D008568:Memory / Q000187:drug effects; D018727:Muscarinic Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009589:Nitrogen Oxides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010830:Physostigmine / Q000494:pharmacology; D016760:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos / Q000235:genetics; D016755:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-jun / Q000235:genetics; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012601:Scopolamine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013028:Space Perception / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D001552:Benzazepines; D002800:Cholinesterase Inhibitors; D003497:Cyclic N-Oxides; D018491:Dopamine Agonists; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D018727:Muscarinic Antagonists; D009589:Nitrogen Oxides; D016760:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos; D016755:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-jun; C029217:phenyl-N-tert-butylnitrone; C071262:SK&F 82958; D010830:Physostigmine; D012601:Scopolamine