title: Ventricular fibrillation sensing and detection by implantable defibrillators: is one better than the others? A prospective, comparative study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We prospectively compared the performance of the sensing and detection systems of three leading defibrillator manufacturers: Medtronic, Guidant, and Ventritex.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ventricular fibrillation signal was digitally recorded during defibrillator implantation and subsequently played back sequentially to a Medtronic Micro Jewel II 7223Cx, a Guidant MINI II 1762, and a Ventritex Cadet V-115C. The devices were programmed for single-zone detection, at nominal settings. Rate cutoff was set at 320 msec (185/min for the MINI). We analyzed 253 episodes from 47 patients. Median undersensing was 0%, 2.1%, and 5.3% for the Jewel, MINI, and Cadet, respectively (P < 0.001 for each paired comparison). Detection time was 4.1 +/- 1.6 seconds, 3.4 +/- 1.6 seconds, and 4.3 +/- 2.2 seconds for the Jewel, MINI, and Cadet, respectively (P < 0.001 between MINI-Jewel and MINI-Cadet; P < 0.01 between Jewel-Cadet). Delayed detection (detection time longer than the mean of all observations + 2 SD) occurred in 3 (1.2%), 7 (2.8%), and 18 (7.1%) episodes for the Jewel, MINI, and Cadet, respectively. Performance for all devices was worse when the short-separation integrated bipolar lead was used and when the episode followed a failed high-energy shock.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Statistically significant differences were seen in sensing and detection performance among the devices and device/lead combinations during ventricular fibrillation. These differences are related to specific features of the respective devices and should be taken into account during clinical practice, as well as in future device development.
authors.affiliation: Electrophysiology Laboratory, Sinai Samaritan Medical Center, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, 53233, USA.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Panotopoulos
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Krum
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Axtell
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dhala
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sra
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Akhtar
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Deshpande
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D017147:Defibrillators, Implantable / Q000592:standards*; D003936:Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted; D004867:Equipment Design; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D014693:Ventricular Fibrillation / Q000175:diagnosis*