title: Pre-erythrocytic immunity to Plasmodium falciparum: the case for an LSA-1 vaccine.
abstract: A vaccine is urgently needed to stem the global resurgence of Plasmodium falciparum malaria. Vaccines targeting the erythrocytic stage are often viewed as an anti-disease strategy. By contrast, infection might be completely averted by a vaccine against the liver stage, a pre-erythrocytic stage during which the parasite multiplies 10000-fold within hepatocytes. Sterilizing immunity can be conferred by inoculating humans with irradiated pre-erythrocytic parasites, and a recombinant pre-erythrocytic vaccine partially protects humans from infection. Liver-stage antigen-1, one of a few proteins known to be expressed by liver-stage parasites, holds particular promise as a vaccine. Studies of naturally exposed populations have consistently related immune responses against this antigen to protection.
authors.affiliation: Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Dept of Immunology, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA.
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Kurtis
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Hollingdale
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Luty
authors.forename: D E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Lanar
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Krzych
authors.forename: P E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Duffy
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D000913:Antibodies, Protozoan / Q000097:blood; D000953:Antigens, Protozoan / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D000939:Epitopes; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000469:parasitology; D022781:Hepatocytes / Q000469:parasitology; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D017780:Malaria Vaccines / Q000276:immunology*; D016778:Malaria, Falciparum / Q000276:immunology / Q000469:parasitology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D051379:Mice; D008875:Middle Aged; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010963:Plasmodium falciparum / Q000254:growth & development / Q000276:immunology*; D014614:Vaccines, Synthetic / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D000913:Antibodies, Protozoan; D000953:Antigens, Protozoan; D000939:Epitopes; D017780:Malaria Vaccines; D014614:Vaccines, Synthetic; C067302:liver stage-specific antigen, Plasmodium