title: By-products formation during drinking water disinfection: a tool to assess disinfection efficiency?
abstract: In drinking water treatment, the inactivation of microorganisms increases with increasing disinfectant exposure (product of concentration and contact time, CT). Also, the formation of undesired (toxic) disinfection by-products increases with CT. The present study proposes a new concept that uses this undesired side effect of chemical water disinfection for a fast and reliable test of treatment efficiency. In laboratory systems, bromate formation during ozonation and the formation of trihalomethanes during chlorination were used to calculate the disinfectant exposure, which is a measure for the achieved degree of disinfection.
authors.affiliation: EAWAG, Swiss Federal Institute for Environmental Science and Technology, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland. vongunten@eawag.ch
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: von Gunten
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Driedger
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Gallard
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Salhi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001412:Bacillus subtilis / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000502:physiology; D003458:Cryptosporidium / Q000302:isolation & purification; D004203:Disinfection; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000302:isolation & purification; D005618:Fresh Water / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000469:parasitology*; D016829:Giardia lamblia / Q000302:isolation & purification; D010126:Ozone; D013171:Spores, Bacterial; D013557:Switzerland; D013997:Time Factors; D014881:Water Supply / Q000592:standards*
chemical_list: D010126:Ozone