title: Presence and possible significance of immunohistochemically demonstrable metallothionein expression in pterygium versus pinguecula and normal conjunctiva.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate metallothionein (MT) expression in pterygium, pinguecula and normal conjunctiva and define its possible significance in this area of the eye. In order to further elucidate the mechanism of MT expression we correlated it with lymphocyte subpopulations (T4, T8), macrophages (CD68), Langerhans' cells (S100) and the proliferation-associated indices (PCNA, Ki67).
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighty-five surgically excised pterygia, 15 pingueculae and 20 normal conjunctivae were immunohistochemically studied by the avidin-biotin (ABC) method. A monoclonal antibody (E9) against a conserved epitope of I and II isoforms of MT was used on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues. Statistical analysis was performed using the SPSS statistical package.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Epithelial MT expression was detected in all 120 cases examined and in most of them both nuclear and cytoplasmic immunoreactivity was present. Nevertheless no statistically significant difference of MT expression was found between the three types of tissue. A statistically significant positive correlation between MT expression and lymphocyte subsets, macrophages and Langerhans' cells was found in pterygium. On the contrary, we did not find any statistical correlation in pinguecula and normal conjunctiva. In all three types of tissues MT expression was also positively correlated with the proliferation-associated indices.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The data suggest that there is immunohistochemically demonstrable MT expression in the epithelium of pterygium, but also of normal conjunctiva and pinguecula. MT may serve a photoprotective role in this region. In pterygium in particular, the biochemical pathway of MT synthesis seems interestingly to cross the pathways of cell proliferation, inflammation and immune activation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, University of Ioannina, Medical School, Greece.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tsironi
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ioachim
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Machera
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Aspiotis
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Agnanti
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Psilas
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D018414:CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D002455:Cell Division; D003228:Conjunctiva / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D003229:Conjunctival Diseases / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007801:Langerhans Cells / Q000276:immunology; D008264:Macrophages / Q000276:immunology; D008297:Male; D008668:Metallothionein / Q000378:metabolism*; D008875:Middle Aged; D011625:Pterygium / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D008668:Metallothionein