title: Do bacteriostatic urethral lubricants affect the clinical efficacy of intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guérin therapy?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the effect of a bacteriostatic urethral lubricant on the clinical efficacy of intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) therapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between July 1987 and August 1999, 389 patients with superficial urothelial carcinoma of the bladder (pTa [multilocular, size greater than 2 cm, recurrent tumor], pT1, pTis) were treated adjuvantly with BCG in a 6-week intravesical cycle after complete transurethral tumor resection of the bladder. Within the framework of a prospective study on recurrence and progression of superficial urothelial carcinoma of the bladder after transurethral resection and BCG therapy, we retrospectively studied the clinical value of the observation that the use of bacteriostatic urethral lubricants reduces the viability and thus the efficacy of BCG. If a lubricant induces a clinically relevant reduction in the viability of BCG, instillation without lubricant should lead to a lower rate of recurrence and possibly a lower rate of progression. Lubricant (11 mL) was used during catheterization in every male patient in our population (group 1, n = 317, 81.5%); no lubricant was used in the women serving as the control group (group 2, n = 72, 18.5%). The two groups were similar with respect to age, distribution of tumor stage and grade, multifocality, and frequency of previous bladder carcinoma (Levene test, P = 0.008). The median follow-up was 54 months (range 4 to 143).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 389 patients, 90 (23.1%) developed recurrence during the follow-up period: 73 (23%) in group 1 and 17 (23.6%) in group 2 (P value not significant). Progression occurred in 14 patients in group 1 (4.4%) and in 8 patients in group 2 (11%) (P = 0.043). In groups 1 and 2, 19.2% and 47.1%, respectively, of the recurrences were progressive (P = 0.026).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The use of bacteriostatic lubricants in the usual dose before BCG instillation had no detectable adverse effect on the clinical efficacy of intravesical BCG immunotherapy. To avoid traumatic catheterization with possible systemic BCG administration, we therefore recommend, especially in men, the additional use of a sufficient quantity of urethral lubricant.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology and Pediatric Urology, Klinikum Offenburg, Offenburg, Germany.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Loertzer
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Brake
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Horsch
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Keller
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000283:Administration, Intravesical; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D001500:BCG Vaccine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002295:Carcinoma, Transitional Cell / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy*; D015653:Cystectomy; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007167:Immunotherapy / Q000379:methods; D008153:Lubrication; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012008:Recurrence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014521:Urethra / Q000293:injuries; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy*; D014546:Urinary Catheterization / Q000009:adverse effects
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D001500:BCG Vaccine