title: Effect of whitening agents on dentin bonding.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Several studies have shown a reduction in enamel bond strengths when the bonding procedure is carried out immediately after vital bleaching with peroxides. This reduction in bond strengths has become a concern in cosmetic dentistry with the introduction of new "in-office" and "waiting-room" bleaching techniques. The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effect of three bleaching regimens: 35% hydrogen peroxide (HP), 35% carbamide peroxide (CP), and 10% CP, on dentin bond strengths.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred and twenty fresh bovine incisors were used in this study. The labial surface of each tooth was ground flat to expose dentin and was subsequently polished with 600-grit wet silicon carbide paper. The remaining dentin thickness was monitored and kept at an average of 2 mm. The teeth were randomly assigned to four bleaching regimens (n = 30): (A) control, no bleaching treatment; (B) 35% HP for 30 minutes; (C) 35% CP for 30 minutes; and (D) 10% CP for 6 hours. For each group, half of the specimens (n = 15) were bonded with Single Bond/Z100 immediately after the bleaching treatment, whereas the other half was bonded after the specimens were stored for 1 week in artificial saliva at 37 degrees C. The specimens were fractured in shear using an Instron machine.
  
  
  RESULTS
  For the groups bonded immediately after bleaching, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by the Duncan's post hoc test revealed a statistically significant reduction in bond strengths in a range from 71% to 76%. For the groups bonded at 1 week, one-way ANOVA showed that group B (35% HP for 30 min) resulted in the highest bond strengths, whereas 10% CP resulted in the lowest bond strengths. Student's t-test showed that delayed bonding resulted in a significant increase in bond strengths for groups B (35% HP) and C (35% CP); whereas the group bleached with 10% CP (group D) remained in the same range obtained for immediate bonding. Storage in artificial saliva also affected the control group, reducing its bond strengths to 53% of the original.
authors.affiliation: Department of Prosthodontics and Dental Materials, UFRJ-Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. georgems@unisys.com.br
authors.forename: G M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Spyrides
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Perdigão
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pagani
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Araújo
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Spyrides
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D017438:Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate / Q000737:chemistry; D000077463:Carbamide Peroxide; D002417:Cattle; D001840:Dental Bonding; D003804:Dentin / Q000737:chemistry; D017220:Dentin-Bonding Agents / Q000737:chemistry*; D004338:Drug Combinations; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000737:chemistry*; D008422:Materials Testing; D010545:Peroxides / Q000737:chemistry*; D011897:Random Allocation; D012464:Saliva, Artificial; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D013718:Tensile Strength; D013997:Time Factors; D014073:Tooth Bleaching / Q000379:methods; D014508:Urea / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D017220:Dentin-Bonding Agents; D004338:Drug Combinations; D010545:Peroxides; D012464:Saliva, Artificial; C115612:single bond; D000077463:Carbamide Peroxide; D017438:Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate; D014508:Urea; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide