title: Inhibition of the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 in macrophages by 7HQ derivatives: involvement of IkappaB-alpha stabilization.
abstract: Nitric oxide is an important biological mediator associated with multiple pathophysiological phenomena, such as platelet aggregation, vasodilation, septic shock, and autoimmune diseases. Prostaglandins, derived from cyclooxygenases, play prominent roles in homeostasis and inflammation. In this study, we characterized the effects of 7HQ derivatives (7-[(4-methylene-5-oxo-2-R-2-tetrahydrofuranyl) methoxy]-3,4-dihydrocarbostyril, where R is methyl, phenyl, p-fluorophenyl and p-phenylphenyl; 7HQ-1,-2,-3 and-4, respectively) in murine RAW 264.7 cells, a macrophage-like cell line. Lipopolysaccharide, the active component of endotoxin, significantly induced the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2, leading to the accumulation of nitrite and prostaglandin E(2), respectively. These actions of lipopolysaccharide were inhibited by 7HQ derivatives; additionally, the inhibition of the expression, rather than the activity, of inducible nitric oxide synthase correlated well with that of nitric oxide formation. Western blotting and electrophoretic mobility shift assay results demonstrated that the 7HQ derivatives could effectively inhibit IkappaB-alpha degradation and nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB) translocation. At higher concentrations, 7HQ derivatives also inhibited cyclooxygenase-2 enzyme activity. These results suggest that 7HQ derivatives exhibit inhibitory effects on lipopolysaccharide-induced nitric oxide production and expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 through inhibition of IkappaB-alpha degradation and NF-kappaB activation.
authors.affiliation: Pharmacological Institute, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, No.1, Jen-Ai Road, Sec. 1, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Y C
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Guh
authors.forename: Z J
authors.initials: ZJ
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: Y L
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: T L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Hwang
authors.forename: C H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Liao
authors.forename: C C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Tzeng
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Teng
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002460:Cell Line; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D004247:DNA / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D015232:Dinoprostone / Q000378:metabolism; D015195:Drug Design; D004790:Enzyme Induction / Q000187:drug effects; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000633:toxicity; D020672:I-kappa B Proteins; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000378:metabolism; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D000072000:NF-KappaB Inhibitor alpha; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000378:metabolism; D009573:Nitrites / Q000378:metabolism; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000378:metabolism; D011499:Protein Processing, Post-Translational / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D020672:I-kappa B Proteins; D007527:Isoenzymes; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D016328:NF-kappa B; C000606205:Nfkbia protein, mouse; D009573:Nitrites; D000072000:NF-KappaB Inhibitor alpha; D004247:DNA; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases; D015232:Dinoprostone