Type 1A diabetes induced by infection and immunization.
Type 1A diabetes is an immune mediated disorder that results from progressive destruction of the islet beta-cells in the setting of genetic susceptibility. Both MHC and non-MHC genes contribute to disease with class II HLA molecules major determinants of susceptibility or protection. The presence of multiple anti-islet autoantibodies is associated with a high risk of disease progression, and the first anti-islet autoantibodies may appear as early as the first year of life. Congenital rubella is the only infection clearly associated with the development of type 1A diabetes. With the ability to detect children in the first year of life activating autoimmunity, prospective studies may in the future document additional environmental factors either increasing or decreasing diabetes risk.
Robles
D T
DT
Barbara Davis Center for Childhood Diabetes, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, Colorado, USA.
Eisenbarth
G S
GS
D000818:Animals; D001327:Autoimmune Diseases / Q000276:immunology; D015551:Autoimmunity / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D001424:Bacterial Infections / Q000276:immunology; D001428:Bacterial Vaccines / Q000276:immunology; D002908:Chronic Disease; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000821:virology; D006801:Humans; D014611:Vaccination / Q000009:adverse effects*; D014765:Viral Vaccines / Q000276:immunology; D014777:Virus Diseases / Q000276:immunology
D001428:Bacterial Vaccines; D014765:Viral Vaccines