title: Implementation of the STOP protocol for Stroke Prevention in Sickle Cell Anemia by using duplex power Doppler imaging.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the results of the nonduplex ultrasonography (US) Stroke Prevention Trial in Sickle Cell Anemia (STOP) with those of transcranial duplex power Doppler US by using the STOP protocol and to correlate abnormal transcranial Doppler findings with magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and MR angiographic findings.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred twenty-five asymptomatic patients aged 2-16 years with sickle cell anemia or sickle cell-beta thalassemia were examined by using transcranial duplex power Doppler US with a 2.5-MHz transducer and classified according to STOP criteria. The results were compared with those obtained in the nonduplex STOP study. Eight of 10 patients with abnormal results, as well as one who had normal results and a subsequent stroke, were examined with MR imaging and MR angiography.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ten (8.0%) patients were judged to have abnormal findings by using the duplex Doppler US and STOP criteria compared with 9.4% of patients in the nonduplex US STOP study. Of the eight patients with abnormal transcranial Doppler US results who underwent MR imaging and MR angiography, six had abnormal MR imaging findings and all eight had abnormal MR angiographic findings.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The STOP protocol can be reproduced by using duplex power Doppler US. Abnormal results with the STOP criteria strongly suggest vascular abnormality.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, USA. abemalouf@yahoo.com
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Malouf
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Hamrick-Turner
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Doherty
authors.forename: G S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Dhillon
authors.forename: R V
authors.initials: RV
authors.lastname: Iyer
authors.forename: M G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Smith
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000755:Anemia, Sickle Cell / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity; D002536:Cerebral Arteries / Q000473:pathology; D002544:Cerebral Infarction / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology; D002560:Cerebrovascular Circulation; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D006801:Humans; D018810:Magnetic Resonance Angiography; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D012307:Risk Factors; D020521:Stroke / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D018616:Ultrasonography, Doppler, Duplex; D017585:Ultrasonography, Doppler, Transcranial; D017086:beta-Thalassemia / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology