Development of oral heparin therapy for prophylaxis and treatment of deep venous thrombosis.
OBJECTIVE
To review the current research and published literature regarding the development of oral heparin therapy for the prophylaxis and treatment of deep venous thrombosis.


BACKGROUND
Currently, the accepted practice of prophylaxis and/or treatment of acute deep venous thrombosis (DVT) is intravenous or subcutaneous (SQ) heparin followed by oral warfarin or SC low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) therapy followed by warfarin. Both of which are less than ideal. More recently, advances have been made towards an effective oral heparin preparation that would resolve many of the drawbacks to the current therapies.


METHODS
A review of the current and relevant English literature identified via a search of the Medline database from January 1990 to present.


RESULTS
Initial oral heparin therapy for DVT was unsuccessful due to presumed inadequate intestinal absorption as a result of heparin's molecular and structural characteristics. The development of oral heparin therapy, based on combining heparin with the carrier molecule Sodium N-(8[2-hydroxybenzoyl]amino) caprylate (SNAC) to enhance its intestinal absorption and bioavailability for the prophylaxis and treatment of DVT has been demonstrated to be effective in animal models. More recent efforts have been aimed at human trials.


CONCLUSIONS
Recent advances in prophylaxis and treatment of DVT have stimulated great interest among researchers to develop an effective, convenient, and well tolerated oral therapy. An effective oral heparin therapy may represent an ideal method of prophylaxis and treatment of DVT.
Money
S R
SR
Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular Surgery, Alton Ochsner Medical Foundation, Ochsner Clinic, 1514 Jefferson Highway 8N, New Orleans, LA 70121, USA. smoney@ochsner.org
York
J W
JW
D000284:Administration, Oral; D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D000990:Antithrombin III / Q000378:metabolism; D001682:Biological Availability; D002210:Caprylates; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; D003651:Decanoates; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004337:Drug Carriers; D004353:Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; D006493:Heparin / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D062385:Hydroxybenzoates; D007408:Intestinal Absorption; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D020246:Venous Thrombosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000517:prevention & control*
D000925:Anticoagulants; D002210:Caprylates; D003651:Decanoates; D004337:Drug Carriers; D062385:Hydroxybenzoates; C121587:sodium N-(10-(2-hydroxybenzoyl)amino)decanoate; D000990:Antithrombin III; D006493:Heparin; C031492:octanoic acid