title: Circulating  concentrations of the adipocyte protein adiponectin are decreased in parallel with reduced insulin sensitivity  during the progression to type 2 diabetes in rhesus monkeys.
abstract: Adiponectin is an adipose-specific plasma protein whose plasma concentrations are decreased in obese subjects and type 2 diabetic patients. This protein possesses putative antiatherogenic and anti-inflammatory properties. In the current study, we have analyzed the relationship between adiponectin and insulin resistance in rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta), which spontaneously develop obesity and which subsequently frequently progress to overt type 2 diabetes. The plasma levels of adiponectin were decreased in obese and diabetic monkeys as in humans. Prospective longitudinal studies revealed that the plasma levels of adiponectin declined at an early phase of obesity and remained decreased after the development of type 2 diabetes. Hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp studies revealed that the obese monkeys with lower plasma adiponectin showed significantly lower insulin-stimulated peripheral glucose uptake (M rate). The plasma levels of adiponectin were significantly correlated to M rate (r = 0.66, P < 0.001). Longitudinally, the plasma adiponectin decreased in parallel to the progression of insulin resistance. No clear association was found between the plasma levels of adiponectin and its mRNA levels in adipose tissue. These results suggest that reduction in circulating adiponectin may be related to the development of insulin resistance.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine and Molecular Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan. khotta@imed2.med.osaka-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hotta
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Funahashi
authors.forename: N L
authors.initials: NL
authors.lastname: Bodkin
authors.forename: H K
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Ortmeyer
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Arita
authors.forename: B C
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Hansen
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Matsuzawa
mesh_terms: D052242:Adiponectin; D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D001835:Body Weight; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000097:blood / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000662:veterinary*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000662:veterinary*; D018450:Disease Progression; D015309:Glucose Clamp Technique; D006801:Humans; D006946:Hyperinsulinism / Q000097:blood; D007328:Insulin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D020738:Leptin / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics; D008253:Macaca mulatta; D008297:Male; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009765:Obesity / Q000097:blood / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000662:veterinary*; D009929:Organ Size; D018419:Primate Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000503:physiopathology*; D011506:Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
chemical_list: D052242:Adiponectin; D001786:Blood Glucose; D007328:Insulin; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D020738:Leptin; D011506:Proteins