title: Study of water quality of Hudiara drain, India-Pakistan.
abstract: This paper examines the extent of pollution in Hudiara drain water due to untreated industrial and sewage waste of India and Pakistan. Ninety-nine surface water samples from the Pakistani side of the Hudiara drain were collected during September 1997, and April and June 1998. The analytical results of the Hudiara drain samples point out the industrial and sewage inputs from India and Pakistan. Higher values of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand(COD), total organic carbon(TOC), and trace metals in drain samples from the Indo-Pak border clearly indicate the Indian industrial and sewage pollution. Large variations in the levels of various measured parameters (COD, BOD, TOC, pH, total soluble substances, and trace metals) were observed along the Hudiara drain in the Pakistani vicinity. These variations were due to different types of industrial effluents and small village drains. The study showed that suspended solids(SS), COD, and fecal coliform (FC) were the major pollutants. Accordingly, the most feasible alternative is to convert the drainage network to a sedimentation and temporary storage reservoir. If disinfected, the runoff water can be used for restricted irrigation. Groundwater samples taken from the drain's surrounding area have also been analyzed. Thirty percent of the samples are not fit for drinking purposes due to NO3-N, Se and FC counts as prescribed by World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines. A trilinear diagram clearly indicates the influence of surface water of the Hudiara drain on ground water; moreover, higher values of nitrate and FC clearly indicate the seepage from the Hudiara drain.
authors.affiliation: Directorate of Land Reclamation, Irrigation and Power Department, Canal Bank, Moghulpura, Lahore, Pakistan.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Afzal
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Ahmad
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Younas
authors.forename: M D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Zahid
authors.forename: M H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ijaz
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ali
mesh_terms: D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods; D005618:Fresh Water / Q000032:analysis; D017408:Guidelines as Topic; D006801:Humans; D007194:India; D007220:Industrial Waste / Q000032:analysis; D010154:Pakistan; D012111:Residence Characteristics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012722:Sewage / Q000032:analysis; D014865:Waste Disposal, Fluid / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D014873:Water Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D018508:Water Purification / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards; D014881:Water Supply / Q000032:analysis*; D014944:World Health Organization
chemical_list: D007220:Industrial Waste; D012722:Sewage; D014873:Water Pollutants