title: Studies of genetic variability of the glucose transporter 2 promoter in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
abstract: This study was performed to test the hypothesis that genetic variation in the promoter of the glucose transporter 2 (GLUT2) might predispose to prediabetic phenotypes or type 2 diabetes. A total of 1611 bp comprising the minimal promoter region of the GLUT2 gene were examined by combined single-strand conformational polymorphism and heteroduplex analysis followed by direct sequencing of identified variants on genomic DNA from 96 randomly recruited Danish type 2 diabetic patients. We identified 4 nucleotide variants, -447g-->a, -149c-->a, -122t-->c, and -44g-->a. None of the variants were positioned in known or presumed transcription factor binding sites, TATA-box, or transcriptional start site. Association studies of the -149c-->a, -122t-->c, and -44g-->a variants revealed that the variants were as prevalent in 320 type 2 diabetic patients [11.0% (95% confidence interval, 8.4-13.6), 9.8% (7.4-12.2), and 29.0% (24.4-33.6), respectively] as in 241 age-matched glucose-tolerant subjects [13.1% (9.8-16.4), 11.2% (8.3-14.1), and 33.4% (28.8-38.0), respectively]. The -447g-->a mutation was only identified in a single diabetic patient and did not show cosegregation with diabetes in the family of the proband. The three common variants showed in a primary genotype-phenotype study comprising 241 glucose-tolerant middle-aged subjects association to increased plasma glucose levels during an oral glucose tolerance test. However, this result could not be replicated in a second sample of 298 60-yr-old glucose-tolerant subjects. In conclusion, we found no evidence supporting the hypothesis that genetic variability in the minimal promoter of the GLUT2 is associated with type 2 diabetes or prediabetic phenotypes in the Danish population.
authors.affiliation: Steno Diabetes Center and Hagedorn Research Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Møller
authors.forename: N M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Jensen
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pildal
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Drivsholm
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Borch-Johnsen
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Urhammer
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hansen
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Pedersen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003718:Denmark; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D014644:Genetic Variation; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D051273:Glucose Transporter Type 2; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009004:Monosaccharide Transport Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D044465:White People / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D051273:Glucose Transporter Type 2; D009004:Monosaccharide Transport Proteins