title: Cost-effectiveness analysis of intensive blood-glucose control with metformin in overweight patients with type II diabetes (UKPDS No. 51).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To estimate the economic efficiency of intensive blood-glucose control with metformin compared with conventional therapy primarily with diet in overweight patients with Type II (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cost-effectiveness analysis based on patient level data from a randomised clinical controlled trial involving 753 overweight (> 120% ideal body weight) patients with newly diagnosed Type II diabetes conducted in 15 hospital-based clinics in England, Scotland and Northern Ireland as part of the UK Prospective Diabetes Study. Subjects were allocated at random to an intensive blood-glucose control policy with metformin (n = 342) or a conventional policy primarily with diet (n = 411). The analysis was based on the cost of health care resources associated with metformin and conventional therapy and the estimated effectiveness in terms of life expectancy gained from within-trial effects.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Intensive blood-glucose control with metformin produced a net saving of 258 Pounds per patient (1997 United Kingdom prices) over the trial period (median duration of 10.7 years) due to lower complication costs, and increased life expectancy by 0.4 years (costs and benefits discounted at 6%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  As metformin is both cost-saving in the United Kingdom and extends life expectancy when used as first line pharmacological therapy in overweight Type II diabetic patients, its use should be attractive to clinicians and health care managers alike.
authors.affiliation: Health Economics Research Centre, Department of Public Health, University of Oxford, Institute of Health Sciences, Headington, Oxford OX3 7LF, UK.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Clarke
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gray
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Adler
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Stevens
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Raikou
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cull
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Stratton
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Holman
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000191:economics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis*; D015190:Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring / Q000191:economics* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D015992:Body Mass Index; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D003365:Costs and Cost Analysis; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000097:blood* / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000191:economics; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood* / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000191:economics; D003927:Diet, Diabetic; D004739:England; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000191:economics; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000191:economics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007328:Insulin / Q000191:economics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008687:Metformin / Q000191:economics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009660:Northern Ireland; D009765:Obesity; D010353:Patient Education as Topic; D012606:Scotland; D006113:United Kingdom
chemical_list: D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D001786:Blood Glucose; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007328:Insulin; D008687:Metformin