title: Association between vitamin E and enhanced athletic performance in sled dogs.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the association between prerace plasma vitamin E concentration and performance in sled dogs competing in the 1998 Iditarod Race.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prerace blood samples were collected from 670 dogs. Samples were analyzed for plasma vitamin E concentration while controlling for selected hematological and biochemical variables and signalment. Starting in teams of 16, exercise consisted of running up to 1159 miles pulling a laden sled and musher via checkpoints. The records of dogs that were withdrawn from the race for health reasons, fatigue, or strategic or technical reasons, and those of dogs that finished the race were analyzed. Multiple logistic regression and Cox proportional hazards analysis were used to determine factors associated with endurance. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to determine factors associated with team speed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 323 dogs (48%) were withdrawn from racing at various distances from the start. Median time to finish for 39 teams was 11.5 d and the winning time was 9.2 d. Dogs with prerace plasma vitamin E concentrations > 40.7 microg.mL-1 were 1.9 times more likely to finish (P = 0.0006) and had 1.8 times less of a risk of being withdrawn for every mile ran (P = 0.03) than were dogs with plasma vitamin E concentrations between 16.3 and 40.7 microg.mL-1. Neither a team's mean prerace vitamin E concentration, nor the proportion of dogs within a team with high (> 40.7 microg.mL-1) vitamin E concentration was associated with team speed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Dogs with higher plasma vitamin E concentrations have enhanced endurance compared with dogs with lower plasma vitamin E concentrations, but the plasma vitamin E status of a team is not associated with team speed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences and Human Nutrition, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210-1089, USA.
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Piercy
authors.forename: K W
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Hinchcliff
authors.forename: P S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Morley
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Disilvestro
authors.forename: G A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Reinhart
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Nelson
authors.forename: K E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Schmidt
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Morrie Craig
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004285:Dogs; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D010805:Physical Conditioning, Animal; D010807:Physical Endurance; D012420:Running; D014810:Vitamin E / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D014810:Vitamin E