title: Neodymium:yttrium aluminum garnet laser ventriculocordectomy in standing horses.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To develop a technique for neodymium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet (Nd:YAG) laser ventriculocordectomy in standing horses and document healing in horses undergoing laser ventriculocordectomy.
  
  
  METHODS
  6 horses between 2 and 32 years old.
  
  
  METHODS
  Under endoscopic guidance, the left laryngeal ventricle was everted with grasping forceps and excised with an Nd:YAG laser, using 60 watts of power in a noncontact fashion (6,403 to 9,197 Joules). Following removal of the ventricle, the vocal cord was photoablated. Horses were examined endoscopically 2, 7, 14, 21, 30, and 47 days after ventriculocordectomy, and 1 horse was euthanatized on each of these days. At necropsy, the larynx was removed intact and examined grossly. Samples were collected for histologic examination of the ventriculocordectomy site.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Endoscopic examination revealed granulation tissue by day 7, the start of epithelialization by day 21, and healing by day 47. At necropsy, 4 horses were found to have a small amount of ventricular mucosa remaining dorsally and 1 additional horse was found to have a mucocele. Granulation tissue was identified grossly and histologically in the horses euthanatized between 7 and 30 days after surgery. Incipient reepithelialization was evident histologically on day 14, and complete reepithelialization of the surgery site was evident by day 47.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Results suggest that ventriculocordectomy can safely be performed with an Nd:YAG laser in standing horses.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907-1248, USA.
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Hawkins
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Andrews-Jones
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004724:Endoscopy / Q000662:veterinary; D005260:Female; D006651:Histocytochemistry / Q000662:veterinary; D006736:Horses / Q000601:surgery*; D007830:Larynx / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D053685:Laser Therapy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary*; D008297:Male; D014827:Vocal Cords / Q000601:surgery*