title: Absolute changes in regional cerebral blood flow in association with upright posture in humans: an orthostatic PET study.
abstract: To determine whether hemodynamic parameters are changed by upright posture in healthy middle-aged humans, absolute values of regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) were investigated for three different orthostatic conditions.
  
  
  METHODS
  PET with [15O]H2O and arterial blood sampling were performed on eight middle-aged healthy volunteers while they were sitting passively or standing actively. Absolute rCBF values estimated by the autoradiographic method in regions of interest were compared using ANOVA, and relative changes in rCBF were also analyzed voxel by voxel using statistical parametric mapping (SPM).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Physiologic data remained unchanged for different conditions. ANOVA and SPM showed that absolute and relative rCBF levels were significantly elevated in the cerebellar vermis in the standing position compared with those in the supine and sitting positions. In contrast, ANOVA showed that rCBF in the frontal and parietal cortices tended to be lower in the sitting and standing positions than in the supine position. Regression analysis showed that the frontal rCBF measured during standing tended to be inversely correlated with age.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results showed that cerebellar vermis activation was more marked in the standing position than in the sitting or supine positions, indicating that the vermis is a neural substrate for controlling voluntary upright posture. Brain perfusion in the distal internal carotid artery region may be subject to orthostatic postural changes in healthy middle-aged humans.
authors.affiliation: Positron Medical Center, Hamamatsu Medical Center, Hamakita, Japan.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ouchi
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Okada
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Yoshikawa
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Futatsubashi
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nobezawa
mesh_terms: D000375:Aging; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001345:Autoradiography; D001794:Blood Pressure; D002531:Cerebellum / Q000098:blood supply; D002560:Cerebrovascular Circulation; D005260:Female; D005625:Frontal Lobe / Q000098:blood supply; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010296:Parietal Lobe / Q000098:blood supply; D011187:Posture / Q000502:physiology*; D012016:Reference Values; D016683:Supine Position; D014055:Tomography, Emission-Computed