title: Effect of acute exercise on the raised plasma fibrinogen, soluble P-selectin and von Willebrand factor levels in chronic atrial fibrillation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There is increasing evidence that chronic atrial fibrillation (AF) is associated with a prothrombotic or hypercoagulable state.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study was undertaken to determine whether short-term exercise in patients with chronic AF would shift the overall hemostatic balance toward a more prothrombotic state with a reduction in fibrinolytic potential.
  
  
  METHODS
  We recruited 20 patients (13 men; mean age 65 years +/- 11 standard deviation [SD]) with chronic AF who were not treated with antithrombotic therapy and exercised them to exhaustion using a multistage treadmill exercise (standard Bruce) protocol. Blood samples were taken pre exercise, immediately after cessation of exercise, and at 20 min post exercise. The prothrombotic state was quantified by fibrinogen (an index of hemorheology and a coagulation factor), soluble P-selectin (sP-sel, marking platelet activation), von Willebrand factor (vWF, an index of endothelial dysfunction), and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1, a regulator of fibrinolytic activity) levels. There were two groups of age- and gender-matched controls in sinus rhythm: (1) healthy controls, and (2) "hospital controls" who were patients with vascular disease.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Baseline levels of vWf (p = 0.034) and fibrinogen (p < 0.0001), but not sP-sel (p = 0.075) were significantly elevated in patients with AF compared with both control groups in sinus rhythm. The PAI-1 levels were highest in the hospital control patients, but not in chronic AF (p = 0.041). Following treadmill exercise, achieving a mean metabolic equivalent of 4.9 METS (+/- 1.75 SD) and total exercise duration of 4.9 min (+/- 2 SD), there was a significant rise in plasma fibrinogen (repeated measures analysis of variance [ANOVA] p = 0.047) and a reduction in PAI-1 levels (p = 0.025) in patients with AF. There were no significant changes seen in vWf (p = 0.308) or sP-sel (p = 0.071) levels. No significant changes in these indices were seen in hospital controls (all p = not significant), despite a much longer duration of exercise with greater workload.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients with chronic AF have increased vWf and fibrinogen levels compared with sinus rhythm. Exercise to exhaustion influences the hypercoagulable state in chronic AF, with a rise in plasma fibrinogen and possible increase in fibrinolytic activity. Nevertheless, acute exercise does not appear to have a significant influence on endothelial dysfunction or platelet activation in patients with AF.
authors.affiliation: University Department of Medicine, City Hospital, Birmingham, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: F L
authors.initials: FL
authors.lastname: Li-Saw-Hee
authors.forename: A D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Blann
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Edmunds
authors.forename: C R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Gibbs
authors.forename: G Y
authors.initials: GY
authors.lastname: Lip
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001281:Atrial Fibrillation / Q000097:blood*; D002908:Chronic Disease; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D005340:Fibrinogen / Q000032:analysis*; D006487:Hemostasis; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019007:P-Selectin / Q000097:blood*; D014841:von Willebrand Factor / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D019007:P-Selectin; D014841:von Willebrand Factor; D005340:Fibrinogen