[Prognostic factors for head and neck cancer].
Smoking, alcohol and chronic stimulation of the teeth are acknowledged as determinants of the risk for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (H&NSCC) through the loss or mutation of tumor suppressor genes. Despite diagnostic and therapeutic advance, the overall prognosis of H&NSCC remains poor except for laryngeal cancer. Although the prognosis of H&NSCC depends primarily on clinicopathological factors (ex. TNM), the predictive value has been limited for the identification of patients with high risk of disease relapse. Recently, the analysis of DNA, oncogen amplification, and protein expression have been used in attempts to identify a new prognostic indicator for the evaluation and selection of optimal cancer treatment. Here, I review the literature on prognostic factors including chromosomes, cell cycle, apoptosis, angiogenesis, cytokines and adhesion molecules for patients with H&NSCC.
Fujieda
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Department of Otorhinolarynology, Fukui Medical University, 23 Shimoaizuki, Matuoka, Yoshida, Fukui 910-1193, Japan.
D017209:Apoptosis; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000096:biosynthesis; D006258:Head and Neck Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D019656:Loss of Heterozygosity; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic / Q000209:etiology; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000096:biosynthesis; D011379:Prognosis; D016188:Receptors, Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000096:biosynthesis; D012307:Risk Factors; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics
D016188:Receptors, Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53; D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor; D009569:Nitric Oxide