title: Research on the best chemohyperthermia technique of treatment of peritoneal carcinomatosis after complete resection.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The complete or almost complete resection of peritoneal carcinomatosis (PC) followed by intraperitoneal chemohyperthermia (IPCH) is potentially capable of curing some patients presenting with disease confined to the peritoneum.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this prospective phase I-II study was to develop an efficient IPCH procedure with good thermal homogeneity and good spatial diffusion, that would be reproducible (and thus could be standardized and exported), and to evaluate patient tolerance and its efficiency in eradicating tumor tissue.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seven IPCH procedures were tested successively in 32 patients (up to a total of 35 IPCH). Each procedure was tested in at least 4 patients before modifications for technical reasons or due to inacceptable tolerance. Five of them were followed by early postoperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy (EPIC) lasting 4 days. Thermal homogeneity was measured with 6 thermal probes placed in different positions inside the abdominal cavity. Spatial diffusion was studied in the last patients by adding methylene blue to the IPCH liquid. The mean follow-up was 23.85 months for the series.
  
  
  RESULTS
  From the technological point of view, we have progressively shown that procedures with closure of the abdomen are not satisfactory: it was impossible to obtain thermal homogeneity when the entire parietal wound was closed, but markedly improved when only the skin was closed. However, these "closed" procedures did not allow us to treat all surfaces at risk. The peritoneal cavity "expander" did not permit treatment of the parietal wound and an indeterminate amount of the perfusion oozed out at its periphery. The open technique with traction of the skin upwards was superior. Using different procedures successively undermined the quality of the postoperative results. Three patients (8.6%) died and morbidity (albeit minimal) occurred in 27 patients (77%) during the postoperative course. Mortality and morbidity were significantly correlated (P = 0.02) with the peritoneal index (scoring the extent of PC). The 2-year survival rate was 60% and PC did not recur in 49% of the patients. The survival rate was correlated with the extent of PC (peritoneal index greater than or below 15) (P = 0.004), and with the absence of extraperitoneal disease (P = 0.01).
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncological Surgery, Institut Gustave Roussy, Comprehensive Cancer Center, France. elias@igr.fr
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Elias
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Antoun
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Goharin
authors.forename: A E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Otmany
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Puizillout
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lasser
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006979:Hyperthermia, Induced; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010534:Peritoneal Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy*; D011182:Postoperative Care; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000401:mortality; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016019:Survival Analysis
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents