title: Cisplatin induces the proapoptotic conformation of Bak in a deltaMEKK1-dependent manner.
abstract: In a panel of four human melanoma cell lines, equitoxic doses of cisplatin induced the proapoptotic conformation of the Bcl-2 family protein Bak prior to the execution phase of apoptosis. Because cisplatin-induced modulation of the related Bax protein was seen in only one cell line, a degree of specificity in the signal to Bak is indicated. Little is known about upstream regulation of Bak activity. In this study, we examined whether the apoptosis-specific pathway mediated by a kinase fragment of MEKK1 (DeltaMEKK1) is involved in the observed Bak modulation. We report that expression of a kinase-inactive fragment of MEKK1 (dominant negative MEKK [dnMEKK]) efficiently blocked cisplatin-induced modulation of Bak and cytochrome c release and consequently also reduced DEVDase activation and nuclear fragmentation. Accordingly, expression of a kinase-active MEKK1 fragment (dominant positive MEKK) was sufficient to induce modulation of Bak in three cell lines and to induce apoptosis in two of these. dnMEKK did not block cisplatin-induced c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) activation, in agreement with a specifically proapoptotic role for the DeltaMEKK1 pathway. Finally, we show that reduction of Bak expression by antisense Bak reduced cisplatin-induced loss of mitochondrial integrity and caspase cleavage activity in breast cancer cell lines. In summary, we have identified Bak as a cisplatin-regulated component downstream in a proapoptotic, JNK-independent DeltaMEKK1 pathway.
authors.affiliation: Radiumhemmet's Research Laboratory, Cancer Center Karolinska, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institute, S-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mandic
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Viktorsson
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Molin
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Akusjärvi
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Eguchi
authors.forename: S I
authors.initials: SI
authors.lastname: Hayashi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Toi
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hansson
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Linder
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Shoshan
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D017209:Apoptosis; D002945:Cisplatin / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D003574:Cytochrome c Group / Q000378:metabolism; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D006801:Humans; D048728:MAP Kinase Kinase Kinase 1; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D048055:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 8; D048056:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 9; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / Q000378:metabolism*; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D050998:bcl-2 Homologous Antagonist-Killer Protein; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; C494772:BAK1 protein, human; C494826:BAX protein, human; D003574:Cytochrome c Group; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D050998:bcl-2 Homologous Antagonist-Killer Protein; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein; D048056:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 9; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D048055:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 8; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D048728:MAP Kinase Kinase Kinase 1; C482576:MAP3K1 protein, human; D002945:Cisplatin