title: Relationship between mean body surface temperature measured by use of infrared thermography and ambient temperature in clinically normal pigs and pigs inoculated with Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the relationship between ambient temperature and mean body surface temperature (MBST) measured by use of infrared thermography (IRT) and to evaluate the ability of IRT to detect febrile responses in pigs following inoculation with Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae.
  
  
  METHODS
  28 crossbred barrows.
  
  
  METHODS
  Pigs (n = 4) were subjected to ambient temperatures ranging from 10 to 32 C in an environmental chamber. Infrared thermographs were obtained, and regression analysis was used to determine the relationship between ambient temperature and MBST. The remaining pigs were assigned to groups in an unbalanced randomized complete block design (6 A pleuropneumoniae-inoculated febrile pigs [increase in rectal temperature > or = 1.67 C], 6 A pleuropneumoniae-inoculated nonfebrile pigs [increase in rectal temperature < 1.67 C], and 12 noninoculated pigs). Infrared thermographs and rectal temperatures were obtained for the period from 2 hours before to 18 hours after inoculation, and results were analyzed by use of repeated-measures ANOVA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A significant linear relationship was observed between ambient temperature and MBST (slope, 0.40 C). For inoculated febrile pigs, a treatment X method interaction was evident for rectal temperature and MBST, whereas inoculated nonfebrile pigs only had increased rectal temperatures, compared with noninoculated pigs. A method X time interaction resulted from the longer interval after inoculation until detection of an increase in MBST by use of IRT.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Infrared thermography can be adjusted to account for ambient temperature and used to detect changes in MBST and radiant heat production attributable to a febrile response in pigs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan 66506, USA.
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Loughmiller
authors.forename: M F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Spire
authors.forename: S S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Dritz
authors.forename: B W
authors.initials: BW
authors.lastname: Fenwick
authors.forename: M H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Hosni
authors.forename: S B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Hogge
mesh_terms: D000189:Actinobacillus Infections / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000382:microbiology; D016977:Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae; D000818:Animals; D001831:Body Temperature / Q000502:physiology; D005334:Fever / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000382:microbiology / Q000662:veterinary*; D008297:Male; D011897:Random Allocation; D012044:Regression Analysis; D013552:Swine; D013553:Swine Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000382:microbiology; D013817:Thermography / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary*