title: Pattern visual evoked potentials in malingering.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We previously developed a new method for estimating objective visual acuity by means of pattern visual evoked potentials (PVEP). In this study, this method was applied to the diagnosis of malingering.
  
  
  METHODS
  Six patients ranging in age from 40 to 54 years (mean 47 years) with suspected malingering were evaluated by means of the visual evoked potential test, optokinetic nystagmus (OKN) inhibition test, and the visual field test. In the PVEP study, the stimulus consisted of black and white checkerboards (39', 26', 15', and 9') with a visual angle of 8 degrees, contrast level of 15%, and a frequency of 0.7 Hz. One hundred PVEP responses were averaged per session.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Routine ophthalmic examinations were normal in all patients. Five patients had a tubularly constricted visual field, and the remaining patient had a normal visual field. The objective visual acuities of the six patients estimated from PVEP were better than their subjective visual acuities estimated with Landolt rings.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Among a variety of psychophysical and electrophysiologic ancillary tests, we consider our PVEP method a useful method for objectively determining visual acuity in a patient with signs of ocular malingering.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Kawasaki Medical School, Okayama, Japan.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Akio
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Matsuda
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wakami
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005074:Evoked Potentials, Visual; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008306:Malingering / Q000175:diagnosis*; D008875:Middle Aged; D017120:Nystagmus, Optokinetic; D010364:Pattern Recognition, Visual; D014786:Vision Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis*; D014787:Vision Tests / Q000379:methods*; D014792:Visual Acuity; D014794:Visual Fields