title: [Functionality of inhalation aerosols is inadequate or lost at low temperature].
abstract: Correct and safe performance of metered-dose inhalers are necessary for efficient treatment of asthma under all climatic conditions. The spray mechanism malfunctioned when canister temperature was below -15 degrees C. The range and propagation of the spray plume at canister temperatures below 10 degrees C deviated clearly from those at 20 degrees C. Also the composition and particle concentration of the spray plume at low temperatures differed from those at more normal temperatures. Information must be provided to the effect that a canister must not be cold when used.
authors.forename: H W
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Lundgren
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Holmér
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lidén
mesh_terms: D000280:Administration, Inhalation; D000336:Aerosols / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000592:standards; D018927:Anti-Asthmatic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D001993:Bronchodilator Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D003081:Cold Climate; D003080:Cold Temperature; D004346:Drug Information Services; D004349:Drug Packaging / Q000592:standards; D006801:Humans; D009330:Nebulizers and Vaporizers / Q000592:standards; D010316:Particle Size; D010353:Patient Education as Topic
chemical_list: D000336:Aerosols; D018927:Anti-Asthmatic Agents; D001993:Bronchodilator Agents