title: Effects of 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid dimethyl amine salt on dental hard tissue formation in rats.
abstract: 2,4-Dichlorophenoxy acetic acid dimethyl amine salt (2,4-D DMA), as one of the phenoxy acids, is used as a herbicide mainly against broad-leaf weeds in cereal crops, sugar cane, and on turf, pasture, and non-crop land. Some formulations of 2,4-D may be contaminated with dioxins. Recently, it has been shown that chlorinated organic compounds, dioxins, and furans are present in mother's milk and may cause developmental defects in children's teeth. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the effects of 2,4-D DMA on odontogenesis in rats. 2,4-D DMA was given orally combined with rat food to pregnant albino rats. Each group consisted of two pregnant rats and, 0 (control, group A), 25 ppm (group B), 50 ppm (group C), and 100 ppm (group D) 2,4-D DMA was given to each pregnant rat as daily intake. 2,4-D DMA affected young rat's dental development and dose-related findings were found in experimental groups. The odontoblast layer was irregular and globular dentin formation was present in Groups B, C, and D but not in the control group. Thickness of enamel decreased in Groups C and D. The results of the study have shown that 2,4-D DMA could disturb dental development in rats even in relatively low doses. It is concluded that environmental contaminants such as chlorinated organic pesticides may play an important role in infant's dental development when taken via mother's milk.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pedodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey. alpoz@egenet.com.tr
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Alpöz
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Tosun
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Eronat
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Delen
authors.forename: B H
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Sen
mesh_terms: D015084:2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid / Q000633:toxicity*; D000566:Amelogenesis / Q000187:drug effects*; D000818:Animals; D003743:Dental Enamel / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000196:embryology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D004123:Dimethylamines / Q000633:toxicity*; D005260:Female; D006540:Herbicides / Q000633:toxicity*; D008297:Male; D011247:Pregnancy; D051381:Rats
chemical_list: D004123:Dimethylamines; D006540:Herbicides; C037991:2,4-D amine; D015084:2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid