title: Effects of hydromorphone or oxymorphone, with or without acepromazine, on preanesthetic sedation, physiologic values, and histamine release in dogs.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare hydromorphone with oxymorphone, with or without acepromazine, for preanesthetic sedation in dogs and assess changes in plasma concentration of histamine after drug administration.
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomized clinical study.
  
  
  METHODS
  10 healthy mixed-breed dogs.
  
  
  METHODS
  Dogs were treated IM with hydromorphone (group H), oxymorphone (group O), hydromorphone with acepromazine (group H/A), or oxymorphone with acepromazine (group O/A). Sedation score, heart rate, respiratory rate, systolic blood pressure, and oxygen saturation were recorded at baseline immediately after drug administration (T0) and every 5 minutes for 25 minutes (T25). Plasma histamine concentration was measured at baseline and T25.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sedation was similar between groups H and 0 at all times. Sedation was significantly greater for groups H/A and O/A from T10 to T25, compared with other groups. Systolic blood pressure was significantly reduced at T25 in group H/A, compared with group H, and in group O/A, compared with group O. Prevalence of panting at T25 was 50% for groups H and O, compared with 20% for group H/A and 30% for group O/A. By T25, heart rate was significantly lower in all groups. Oxygen saturation was unaffected by treatment. Mean +/- SD plasma histamine concentration was 1.72 +/- 2.69 ng/ml at baseline and 1.13 +/- 1.18 ng/ml at T25. There was no significant change in plasma histamine concentration in any group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hydromorphone is comparable to oxymorphone for preanesthetic sedation in dogs. Sedation is enhanced by acepromazine. Neither hydromorphone nor oxymorphone caused an increase in plasma histamine concentration.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison 53706, USA.
authors.forename: L J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: J K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: D E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Bjorling
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Waller
mesh_terms: D000075:Acepromazine / Q000494:pharmacology; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D004285:Dogs / Q000502:physiology*; D018492:Dopamine Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D004338:Drug Combinations; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D006632:Histamine / Q000097:blood; D006636:Histamine Release / Q000187:drug effects*; D004091:Hydromorphone / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007273:Injections, Intramuscular / Q000662:veterinary; D008297:Male; D010111:Oxymorphone / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D018492:Dopamine Antagonists; D004338:Drug Combinations; D000075:Acepromazine; D006632:Histamine; D010111:Oxymorphone; D004091:Hydromorphone