title: Route of breech delivery and maternal and neonatal outcomes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare maternal and neonatal outcomes in elective cesarean vs. attempted vaginal delivery for breech presentation at or near term.
  
  
  METHODS
  We reviewed the maternal and neonatal charts of all singleton breech deliveries of at least 35 weeks' gestation or 2000 g delivered between 1986 and 1997 at our institution. Patients delivered by elective cesarean were compared to those attempting a vaginal delivery. The neonatal outcomes analyzed were: corrected mortality; Apgar scores less than 7 at 5 min; abnormal umbilical cord blood gases; birth trauma; and admissions to the intensive care nursery. Maternal morbidity was also assessed and compared.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 848 women meeting criteria for evaluation, 576 were delivered by elective cesarean while 272 attempted a vaginal delivery. Of 272 women undergoing a trial of labor, 203 (74.6%) were delivered vaginally, while 69 (25.4%) failed an attempt at vaginal delivery and underwent a cesarean. When comparing patients delivered by elective cesarean with those attempting a vaginal delivery, no significant differences were noted in neonatal outcomes. However, maternal morbidity was higher among women delivered by cesarean, regardless of the indications for the procedure. Similar neonatal and maternal results were noted when nulliparous patients were analyzed separately.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cesarean delivery of selected near-term infants presenting as breech is associated with increased maternal morbidity without corresponding improvement in neonatal outcomes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Florida Health Sciences Center, Jacksonville, FL, USA. luis.sanchez@jax.ufl.edu
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sanchez-Ramos
authors.forename: T L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Wells
authors.forename: C D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Adair
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Arcelin
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Kaunitz
authors.forename: D S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Wells
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001034:Apgar Score; D001946:Breech Presentation; D002585:Cesarean Section / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000401:mortality; D036861:Delivery, Obstetric; D005260:Female; D005431:Florida / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007232:Infant, Newborn, Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D008499:Medical Records; D011247:Pregnancy; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D011644:Puerperal Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D012189:Retrospective Studies