title: Assignment of CDC weak oxidizer group 2 (WO-2) to the genus Pandoraea and characterization of three new Pandoraea genomospecies.
abstract: CDC weak oxidizer group 2 (WO-2) consists of nine phenotypically similar human clinical isolates received by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention between 1989 and 1998. Four of the isolates were from blood, three were from sputum, and one each was from bronchial fluid and maxillary sinus. All are aerobic nonfermentative, motile gram-negative rods with one to eight polar flagella per cell. All grew at 25 and 35 degrees C and were positive for catalase, urease (usually delayed 3 to 7 days), citrate, alkalinization of litmus milk, oxidization of glycerol (weakly), and growth on MacConkey agar and in nutrient broth without NaCl. All except one strain were oxidase positive with the Kovács method, and all except one isolate weakly oxidized D-glucose. All were negative for oxidation of D-xylose, D-mannitol, lactose, sucrose, maltose, and 20 other carbohydrates, esculin hydrolysis, indole production, arginine dihydrolase, and lysine and ornithine decarboxylase. Only two of nine isolates reduced nitrate. Broth microdilution susceptibilities were determined for all strains against 13 antimicrobial agents. Most of the strains were resistant to ampicillin, extended-spectrum cephalosporins, and aminoglycosides, including gentamicin, tobramycin, and amikacin, but they varied in their susceptibility to fluoroquinolones. High-performance liquid chromatographic and mass spectrometric analyses of the WO-2 group identified ubiquinone-8 as the major quinone component. The percent G+C of the WO-2 strains ranged from 65.2 to 70.7% (thermal denaturation method). All shared a common cellular fatty acid (CFA) profile, which was characterized by relatively large amounts (7 to 22%) of 16:1omega7c, 16:0, 17:0cyc, 18:1omega7c, and 19:0cyc(11-12); small amounts (1 to 3%) of 12:0 and 14:0; and eight hydroxy acids, 2-OH-12:0 (4%), 2-OH-14:0 (trace), 3-OH-14:0 (12%), 2-OH-16:1 (1%), 2-OH-16:0 (3%), 3-OH-16:0 (4%), 2-OH-18:1 (2%), and 2-OH-19:0cyc (3%). This profile is similar to the CFA profile of Pandoraea, a recently described genus associated with respiratory infections in cystic fibrosis patients (T. Coenye et al., Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 50:887-899, 2000). Sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene (1,300 bp) for all nine strains indicated a high level (> or =98.8%) of homogeneity with Pandoraea spp. type strains. DNA-DNA hybridization analysis (hydroxyapatite method; 70 degrees C) confirmed the identity of WO-2 with the genus Pandoraea and assigned three strains to Pandoraea apista and three to Pandoraea pnomenusa, and identified three additional new genomospecies containing one strain each (ATCC BAA-108, ATCC BAA-109, ATCC BAA-110). This study also shows that Pandoraea isolates may be encountered in blood cultures from patients without cystic fibrosis.
authors.affiliation: Division of Bacterial and Mycotic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, PHS, U.S. DHHS, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA. MDaneshvar@CDC.GOV
authors.forename: M I
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Daneshvar
authors.forename: D G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Hollis
authors.forename: A G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Steigerwalt
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Whitney
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Spangler
authors.forename: M P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Douglas
authors.forename: J G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Jordan
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: MacGregor
authors.forename: B C
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Hill
authors.forename: F C
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Tenover
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Brenner
authors.forename: R S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Weyant
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D015373:Bacterial Typing Techniques; D020562:Betaproteobacteria / Q000737:chemistry / Q000145:classification* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000032:analysis; D005260:Female; D020459:Genes, rRNA; D016905:Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections / Q000382:microbiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D008875:Middle Aged; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010641:Phenotype; D011809:Quinones / Q000032:analysis; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000235:genetics; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D005227:Fatty Acids; D011809:Quinones; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S