title: Bioequivalence of two rimantadine tablet formulations in healthy male volunteers after single dose administration.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The bioequivalence of two rimantadine tablet formulations was determined.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was designed as a randomized, two-period, two-sequence, crossover study. Twenty-four healthy male volunteers received a single 100 mg dose of rimantadine hydrochloride as test (Rimantadin Lachema 100 tbl. obd., produced by Lachema, a.s., Brno, Czech Republic) and reference formulations (Elumadine 100 tbl. obd., produced by Forest Pharmaceuticals, St. Louis, USA). The two administrations were separated by 14 days and were performed in the fasting state. Blood samples were obtained at 15 time points during the interval 0-120 h after administration. Rimantadine plasma concentrations were determined by gas chromatography with electron-capture detection.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The geometric mean concentration-time profiles of rimantadine after administration of the two formulations were superimposable. The following pharmacokinetic parameters refer to the geometric mean [exp(mean +/- SD)] values for the test and reference formulations, respectively: Cmax (ng/ml) 70.5 (60.0-82.7) vs. 70.0 (59.9 to 81.7), AUC(0-infinity) (ng x h/ml) 2872 (2224 to 3707) vs. 2849 (2195-3699), AUC(0-120 h) 2744 (2184-3448) vs. 2712 (2138-3441), t(1/2) (h) 25.8 (20.1-33.0) vs. 25.7 (20.6 to 32.1). Median (range) tmax (h) values were 4.5 (2.0-8.0) and 6.0 (2.0-8.0). Parametric 90% confidence intervals for the expected mean percentage ratios (test/reference) of the pharmacokinetic variables were within the range of 97% to 105%. The median (91.1% confidence interval) difference in tmax was -0.3 h (-2.0-0.5). The point and interval estimates were identical when truncated AUCs (0-96 h, 0-72 h, 0-48 h and 0-24 h) were used in calculations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The two rimantadine formulations were equivalent in both the rate and extent ofbioavailability and they were also well tolerated. This study confirms the findings of other studies showing that for immediate release formulations of drugs with long half-lives shortening the duration over which blood samples are collected improves the economics, is more ethical and does not impair the quality of data.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic. chladekj@lfhk.cuni.cz
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chládek
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sispera
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Martinková
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zaludek
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sova
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mièuda
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Grim
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cermanová
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zaludek
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sova
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Franc
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000328:Adult; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D019540:Area Under Curve; D001682:Biological Availability; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; D002849:Chromatography, Gas; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D006207:Half-Life; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012299:Rimantadine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D013607:Tablets; D013810:Therapeutic Equivalency
chemical_list: D000998:Antiviral Agents; D013607:Tablets; D012299:Rimantadine