title: The disposition of the cervical spine and deformation of available cord space with conventional- and balloon laryngoscopy-guided laryngeal intubation: a comparative study.
abstract: Orotracheal intubation causes cervical spine (C-spine) extension and potential (hypothetical) space available for the cord (SAC)-deformation. In the present study, we determined and compared the changes induced by conventional- and balloon laryngoscopy-guided orolaryngeal intubation in the upper C-spine's osseous unit-orientation, segmental angulation, segmental SAC-sagittal surface areas (SSAs), segmental/total posterior SAC-aspect, and segmental SAC-width. Eight healthy volunteers were enrolled. A set of neutral head position (baseline)- and two sets of intubation-lateral C-spine radiographs were obtained. Relative to baseline, both intubation techniques induced significant changes in the occiput (OCC)-, third cervical vertebra (C3)-, C4-, and C5-orientation, the OCC-C1-segmental angulation, all the segmental SAC-SSAs, and the OCC-C1-, and C1-2-posterior SAC-aspect (P < 0.05 to < 0.001); conventional intubation caused additional significant changes in C2-orientation, total (OCC through C5)-posterior SAC-aspect, and OCC-C1-SAC-width (P < 0.05 to < 0.001). Relative to conventional intubation, balloon-assisted intubation caused less change in C3-orientation and C2-3-SAC-width (P < 0.05), and less reduction in OCC-C1-, C1-2-, and C4-5-SAC-SSAs (P < 0.05 to < 0.01). Orotracheal intubation should be cautiously performed in patients with space-occupying upper-C-spine-SAC lesions, even if there is no concomitant osseous/ligamentous pathology. In such cases, balloon laryngoscopy may be chosen over the conventional technique, because it causes less SAC deformation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study shows that direct laryngoscopy-guided orotracheal intubation causes deformation of the upper cervical space available for the cord, even in the absence of cervical spine instability. These effects are attenuated with balloon laryngoscopy, and thus, its use is recommended in patients with space-occupying lesions within the spinal canal.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Egion General Hospital, Egion, Greece. sdm@hol.gr
authors.forename: S D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Mentzelopoulos
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Tzoufi
authors.forename: E P
authors.initials: EP
authors.lastname: Papageorgiou
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D002574:Cervical Vertebrae / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007442:Intubation, Intratracheal / Q000295:instrumentation*; D007828:Laryngoscopy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009777:Occipital Bone / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000502:physiology; D011859:Radiography; D013116:Spinal Cord / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000502:physiology*