title: Autosomal dominant craniometaphyseal dysplasia is caused by mutations in the transmembrane protein ANK.
abstract: Craniometaphyseal dysplasia (CMD) is a rare skeletal disorder characterized by progressive thickening and increased mineral density of craniofacial bones and abnormally developed metaphyses in long bones. Linkage studies mapped the locus for the autosomal dominant form of CMD to an approximately 5-cM interval on chromosome 5p, which is defined by recombinations between loci D5S810 and D5S1954. Mutational analysis of positional candidate genes was performed, and we describe herein three different mutations, in five different families and in isolated cases, in ANK, a multipass transmembrane protein involved in the transport of intracellular pyrophosphate into extracellular matrix. The mutations are two in-frame deletions and one in-frame insertion caused by a splicing defect. All mutations cluster within seven amino acids in one of the six possible cytosolic domains of ANK. These results suggest that the mutated protein has a dominant negative effect on the function of ANK, since reduced levels of pyrophosphate in bone matrix are known to increase mineralization.
authors.affiliation: Harvard-Forsyth Department of Oral Biology, The Forsyth Institute, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, and Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. Ernst_Reichenberger@hms.harvard.edu
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Reichenberger
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Tiziani
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ueki
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Santanna
authors.forename: S T
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Baur
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Shiang
authors.forename: D K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Grange
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Beighton
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gardner
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hamersma
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sellars
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ramesar
authors.forename: A C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Lidral
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sommer
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Raposo do Amaral
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Gorlin
authors.forename: J B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Mulliken
authors.forename: B R
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Olsen
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D001483:Base Sequence; D001848:Bone Diseases, Developmental / Q000235:genetics*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002895:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 5 / Q000235:genetics*; D003600:Cytosol / Q000737:chemistry; D004252:DNA Mutational Analysis; D005091:Exons / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D005799:Genes, Dominant / Q000235:genetics*; D008040:Genetic Linkage / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D008126:Lod Score; D008297:Male; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009154:Mutation / Q000235:genetics*; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000378:metabolism; D010375:Pedigree; D028061:Phosphate Transport Proteins; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: C498770:ANKH protein, human; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D028061:Phosphate Transport Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger