title: Association of angiotensinogen M235T and A(-6)G gene polymorphisms with coronary heart disease with independence of essential hypertension: the PROCAGENE study. Prospective Cardiac Gene.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We examined the relationship between the angiotensinogen (AGT) gene M235T polymorphism, the variant promoter of the AGT gene A(-6)G and the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism and coronary heart disease (CHD) in native Gran Canaria Island habitants, who have the highest rates of CHD in Spain.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Some studies subject that the ACE (I/D) polymorphism could be associated with CHD, while AGT (M235T) has been related to essential hypertension.
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied 304 subjects with angiographic evidence of coronary artery disease and a clinical diagnosis of myocardial infarction or unstable angina and 315 age- and gender-matched controls. Blood was drawn and DNA extracted. Angiotensin-converting enzyme (I/D) gene polymorphism was analyzed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and AGT gene polymorphisms by restriction fragment length polymorphism-PCR and mutagenically-separated PCR.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The ACE (I/D) polymorphism showed no association with CHD, whereas the frequency distribution of AGT (M235T) genotypes among patients and controls (235T: 29.1% and 19.0%; M235T: 48.5% and 50.2%; M235: 22.4% and 30.8%, respectively) was statistically different (p = 0.005) and not related to the presence of essential hypertension. Similar results were observed with the AGT A(-6)G polymorphism. In multiple logistic regression analysis, CHD odds ratio associated with 235T and M235 homozygotes were 1.7 (1.1 to 2.6) and 0.54 (0.36 to 0.82), respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study shows that genetic variation of the AGT (M235T), but not the ACE (I/D), genotypes contributes to the presence of CHD independently of blood pressure profile in a subset of the Spanish population with a high prevalence of cardiovascular disease.
authors.affiliation: Research Unit, Hemodynamic-Cardiology and Nephrology Services, Hospital de Gran Canaria Dr. Negrín, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Canary Islands, Spain. jcrodrig@invest.hpino.rcanaria.es
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Rodríguez-Pérez
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Rodríguez-Esparragón
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Hernández-Perera
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Anabitarte
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Losada
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Medina
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Hernández
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Fiuza
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Avalos
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Yunis
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Ferrario
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000789:Angina, Unstable / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics*; D000808:Angiotensinogen / Q000235:genetics*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000097:blood / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D017353:Gene Deletion; D005787:Gene Frequency / Q000235:genetics; D005819:Genetic Markers / Q000235:genetics; D014644:Genetic Variation / Q000235:genetics*; D005838:Genotype; D006720:Homozygote; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016254:Mutagenesis, Insertional / Q000235:genetics*; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics*; D016017:Odds Ratio; D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A / Q000235:genetics*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic / Q000235:genetics*; D012150:Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length; D015995:Prevalence; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000235:genetics; D011859:Radiography; D012084:Renin-Angiotensin System / Q000235:genetics; D012307:Risk Factors; D013030:Spain / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D005819:Genetic Markers; D000808:Angiotensinogen; D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A