title: Aerobic and anaerobic power characteristics of Saudi elite soccer players.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  To assess the aerobic and anaerobic characteristics of Saudi elite soccer players, and to examine the interrelationship between measures of aerobic and anaerobic power in the elite soccer players. METHODS.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-three outfield elite soccer players representing the Saudi national team participated. Their means (+/- SD) for age, body mass, height and estimated fat % were: 25.2 +/- 2.3 years; 73.1 +/- 6.8 kg; 177.2 +/- 5.9 cm; and 12.3 +/- 2.7%, respectively.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cardiorespiratory parameters, including maximal oxygen uptake (V O2 max), were assessed by open-circuit spirometry during graded treadmill running. Anaerobic power measures were obtained using Wingate anaerobic test, and included peak power (PP), and average power for 5 sec (AP 5), 10 sec (AP 10), 20 sec (AP 20) and 30 sec (AP 30).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean (+/-SD) values for V O2max in absolute and relative to body mass were 4.16 +/- 0.34 l x min-1 and 56.8 +/- 4.8 ml x kg-1 x min-1, respectively. Such V O2max value was 118% and 80% of those reported for Saudi college males and distance runners, respectively. The ventilatory anaerobic thereshold (Tvent) averaged 43.6 ml x kg-1 x min-1. There were no significant differences in V O2max and Tvent between players based on positions, although the midfielders and the centre-backs had the highest and the lowest individual values for both measures, respectively. Values (+/- SD) of PP and AP 30 were 873.6 +/- 141.8 W (11.88 +/- 1.3 W x kg-1), and 587.7 +/-55.4 W (8.02 +/- 0.53 W x kg-1), respectively. Only in absolute PP & AP 30 were the centre-backs significantly superior to the other players. In addition, V O2max was inversely related to PP (r = - 0.54; p < 0.05) and positively related to AP 30 (r = 0.45; p < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The aerobic power, expressed relative to body mass, of Saudi elite soccer players was in the lower range of values normally reported in the literatures for elite soccer players. Both PP and AP 30 were somewhat lower than values previously reported for elite soccer players from other countries.
authors.affiliation: Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Department of Physical Education and Movement Sciences, College of Education, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: H M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Al-Hazzaa
authors.forename: K S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Almuzaini
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Al-Refaee
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Sulaiman
authors.forename: M Y
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Dafterdar
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Al-Ghamedi
authors.forename: K N
authors.initials: KN
authors.lastname: Al-Khuraiji
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015308:Anaerobic Threshold / Q000502:physiology*; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001823:Body Composition; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010100:Oxygen / Q000502:physiology*; D012529:Saudi Arabia; D012916:Soccer / Q000502:physiology*; D013223:Statistics as Topic
chemical_list: D010100:Oxygen