title: Repeated ultrasound guided fetal injections of corticosteroid alter nervous system maturation in the ovine fetus.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Recent studies in sheep have shown that repeated maternal injections of betamethasone are associated with adverse effects within the nervous system. Repeated fetal injections of betamethasone achieve serial improvements in preterm lung function in sheep and are a possible alternative to repeated maternal therapy. We have evaluated the effect of repeated fetal administration of betamethasone on nervous system maturation in an ovine model.
  
  
  METHODS
  Date-mated ewes (n = 48) were randomized to receive ultrasound-guided fetal injections of betamethasone or saline between days 104 to 124 of gestation and were delivered by cesarean section on day 125 or 145 (term = 150). Optic and sciatic nerves were prepared for light and electronmicroscopy. Eye diameters were measured and transverse sections of retinae were evaluated. Data were analyzed using a mixed model analysis of variance.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Repeated fetal administration of corticosteroid did not significantly affect optic nerve myelination but resulted in significant delays in sciatic axonal growth (p < 0.02) and retinal maturation (p < 0.04). The process of performing repeated fetal injections also significantly affected some retinal parameters.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Repeated fetal administration of betamethasone alters some aspects of nervous system maturation in sheep. It is premature to plan trials of repeated fetal corticosteroid therapy in humans.
authors.affiliation: University Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Western Australia, Australia. Julie.Quinlivan@fmc.sa.gov.au
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Quinlivan
authors.forename: L D
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Beazley
authors.forename: C R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Braekevelt
authors.forename: S F
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Evans
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Newnham
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Dunlop
mesh_terms: D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000818:Animals; D001369:Axons / Q000187:drug effects / Q000648:ultrastructure; D005260:Female; D005865:Gestational Age; D007267:Injections; D009186:Myelin Sheath / Q000187:drug effects; D009420:Nervous System / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000196:embryology*; D009900:Optic Nerve / Q000187:drug effects / Q000196:embryology; D011247:Pregnancy; D012160:Retina / Q000187:drug effects / Q000196:embryology; D012584:Sciatic Nerve / Q000187:drug effects / Q000196:embryology; D012756:Sheep; D014463:Ultrasonography
chemical_list: D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones