title: In vitro and in vivo evaluation of an oral system for time and/or site-specific drug delivery.
abstract: Aim of this work was the evaluation of an oral system (Chronotopic) designed to achieve time and/or site-specific release. The system consists in a drug-containing core, coated by a hydrophilic swellable polymer which is responsible for a lag phase in the onset of release. In addition, through the application of an outer gastroresistant film, the variability in gastric emptying time can be overcome and a colon-specific release can be sought relying on the relative reproducibility of small intestinal transit time. For this study, cores containing antipyrine as the model drug were prepared by tableting and both the retarding and enteric coatings were applied in fluid bed. The release tests were carried out in a USP 24 paddle apparatus. The in vivo testing, performed on healthy volunteers, envisaged the HPLC determination of antipyrine salivary concentration and a gamma-scintigraphic investigation. The in vitro release curves presented a lag phase preceding drug release and the in vivo pharmacokinetic data showed a lag time prior to the detection of model drug in saliva. Both in vitro and in vivo lag times correlate well with the applied amount of the hydrophilic retarding polymer. The gamma-scintigraphic study pointed out that the break-up of the units occurred in the colon. The obtained results showed the capability of the system in delaying drug release for a programmable period of time and the possibility of exploiting such delay to attain colon-targeted delivery according to a time-dependent approach.
authors.affiliation: Istituto di Chimica Farmaceutica e Tossicologica, Università di Milano, viale Abruzzi 42, I-20131, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Sangalli
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Maroni
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zema
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Busetti
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Giordano
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gazzaniga
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000328:Adult; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D000983:Antipyrine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D003106:Colon / Q000378:metabolism; D004337:Drug Carriers; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D006801:Humans; D007785:Lactose / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D008297:Male; D008747:Methylcellulose / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D008875:Middle Aged; D010078:Oxazines; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D016284:Technetium Tc 99m Pentetate / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D004337:Drug Carriers; D010078:Oxazines; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D008747:Methylcellulose; C071191:MK 458; D007785:Lactose; D000983:Antipyrine; D016284:Technetium Tc 99m Pentetate