title: Three-year results of the first educational and early detection program for testicular cancer in Hungary.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether a testicular self-examination-based early-detection program may help in the early diagnosis of testicular cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Advertisements were placed in the media describing the early signs of testicular cancer, the risk factors, the correct method of self-examination and the importance of early detection. Between April 1995 and April 1998, 5,056 men underwent physical and ultrasound examination of the testicles, and in case of suspicious findings tumor markers were checked.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Testicular tumors were found in 1.28% of the men with symptoms. No tumors were found in men without symptoms or in men with pain, sensitivity to palpation, or complaints unrelated to the testicle. Of those with a palpable lump or swollen testicle, 4.5 and 3.9% were found to have a tumor. In total, 28 testicular cancers (15 seminomas and 13 nonseminomas) in 26 volunteers and 4 benign tumors were detected. The occurrence of cancer was most frequent in the age group of 15--40 years (1.6%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The rate of cancer detection and the detected seminoma rate in the program are not sufficient to justify a widespread early detection program for testicular cancer (examination of men who reveal testicular abnormalities by self-examination) despite the increased tumor incidence. Early diagnosis should be based on an educational program for the population at risk, the training of staff engaged in the health care of the young, and the use of early ultrasound examination in men with palpable lumps and swollen testicles, especially in young men.
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary. geczi@lyon.fnclcc.fr
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Géczi
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Gomez
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Horváth
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bak
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kisbenedek
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Bodrogi
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D006266:Health Education; D006801:Humans; D006814:Hungary; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013736:Testicular Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis*