title: Emergency redo mitral valve replacement in a 27-year-old pregnant female with a clotted prosthetic mitral valve, preoperative fetal demise and postoperative ventricular assist device: a case report.
abstract: A 27-year-old Laotian woman with a St Jude mechanical mitral valve became pregnant, requiring a change in her anticoagulant after the first trimester when her warfarin sodium (coumadin) was replaced with enoxaparin sodium (lovenox). Her prosthetic valve clotted and became dysfunctional. She was 16 weeks pregnant and was taken to the operating room for emergency surgery for replacement of the valve. The fetus had not been viable for 1-2 weeks, but still remained in utero. The clotted valve was replaced with another St Jude valve of a slightly smaller diameter (27 mm). The patient could not be weaned from bypass so a right ventricular assist device (RVAD) was inserted. The patient was weaned from the RVAD after 2 days of support. Two days following removal of the RVAD the fetus spontaneously aborted. The patient had a long, complicated hospital course and was discharged 3 months later. She subsequently died 4 months after discharge of a cerebral hemorrhage from excessive anticoagulation.
authors.affiliation: Baxter Perfusion Services, Sunrise Hospital and Medical Center, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Oles
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Berryessa
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Campbell
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Bhatti
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D001777:Blood Coagulation; D006348:Cardiac Surgical Procedures; D002543:Cerebral Hemorrhage / Q000209:etiology; D017984:Enoxaparin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D004868:Equipment Failure; D017809:Fatal Outcome; D005260:Female; D005313:Fetal Death / Q000209:etiology*; D006350:Heart Valve Prosthesis / Q000009:adverse effects*; D019918:Heart Valve Prosthesis Implantation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006353:Heart-Assist Devices; D006801:Humans; D008943:Mitral Valve / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D011247:Pregnancy; D014859:Warfarin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects
chemical_list: D000925:Anticoagulants; D017984:Enoxaparin; D014859:Warfarin