title: Bradykinin mediates the acute effect of an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor on cerebral autoregulation in rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In patients with stroke and long-standing hypertension, the autoregulation curve of cerebral blood flow (CBF) shifts toward higher blood pressure levels. Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors reduce blood pressure and shift the autoregulation curve back to normal in hypertensive patients. ACE inhibitors have 2 major pharmacological properties: they inhibit both the production of angiotensin II and the breakdown of kinins. Hence, we investigated whether the effect of an ACE inhibitor on the lower limit of CBF autoregulation is mediated by the potentiation of bradykinin-mediated vasodilatation.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 28 male Sprague-Dawley rats, CBF was measured by laser-Doppler flowmetry during stepwise controlled hypotension. The lower limit of CBF autoregulation was defined as the mean arterial pressure at which CBF decreased by 20% of the baseline value. The rats were treated with an ACE inhibitor, captopril, in the captopril group; a bradykinin BK2-receptor antagonist, Hoe140, in the Hoe140 group; and both agents in the captopril+Hoe140 group. Other rats served as a control group. The lower limits of CBF autoregulation were compared among the 4 groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the captopril group, the lower limit of CBF autoregulation was 43+/-8 mm Hg (mean+/-SD), which was significantly lower than that in the control group (57+/-14 mm Hg). Inhibition of bradykinin abolished the effect of captopril on the lower limit of CBF autoregulation. Hoe140 alone had no significant effect on the lower limit of CBF autoregulation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that the shift of the lower limit of CBF autoregulation by captopril is mediated, at least in part, by bradykinin.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan. takada@intmed2.med.kyushu-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Takada
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ibayashi
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nagao
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ooboshi
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kitazono
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fujishima
mesh_terms: D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity / Q000187:drug effects; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D001920:Bradykinin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D065168:Bradykinin Receptor Antagonists; D002216:Captopril / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002560:Cerebrovascular Circulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D017078:Laser-Doppler Flowmetry; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D043782:Receptor, Bradykinin B2; D014664:Vasodilation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; D065168:Bradykinin Receptor Antagonists; D043782:Receptor, Bradykinin B2; C065679:icatibant; D002216:Captopril; D001920:Bradykinin