[The historicity of the interpretative theories about health and disease].
The interpretative theories of the health-illness process that can be identified through History have as consequence intervention projects upon the reality, in response to social needs. Until the 19 century, they could be synthesized in two main streams: ontologic and dynamic. In the ontologic conception, illness assumes the character of a natural or supernatural entity, external to the human body, that shows itself when invading it. The dynamic conception sees illness as a product of the disharmony among vital forces, and the re-establishment of the health comes of the restoration of this balance. At the end of the 18 century, the social-environmental paradigms prevailed in Europe as forms of explanation for human illness, linked to the dynamic conception, and the first evidences of the social determination of the health-illness process were formulated. The onset of the Bacteriologic Era made the ontologic conception victorious and its conquests led to the abandon of the social approaches to face the populations health problems. At the present time, one can identify the prevalence of the multicausal theory, with emphasis in the individual conditionings. This paper proposes the articulation of the individual and collective dimensions of the health-illness process, in consonance with the Theory of Nursing Praxical Intervention in Collective Health.
Oliveira
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MA
Departamento de Enfermagem em Saúde Coletiva da Escola de Enfermagem da Universidade de São Paulo.
Egry
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EY
D001938:Brazil; D003469:Culture; D004194:Disease / Q000209:etiology*; D005060:Europe; D006262:Health; D049670:History, 17th Century; D049671:History, 18th Century; D049672:History, 19th Century; D049673:History, 20th Century; D049690:History, Ancient; D006801:Humans; D009732:Nursing Care; D010686:Philosophy, Medical / Q000266:history*; D010687:Philosophy, Nursing / Q000266:history*