title: Glycosaminoglycans: urinary excretion in children with myelomeningocele.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The main consequences of neurogenic bladder dysfunction are renal damage related to high intravesical pressure, vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) and urinary tract infections (UTIs). Neurologic impairment, UTIs and VUR are known to be linked with a potential for renal scarring. Of paramount importance as predisposing conditions for UTIs in neurogenic bladder are poor bladder drainage and detrusor-sphincter dyssynergy which cause further abnormalities on the internal bladder surface and, consequently, a bladder wall rich in glycosaminoglycans (GAGs).
  
  
  METHODS
  The aim of this study is to investigate the correlation between GAG excretion and bladder wall degeneration in 43 patients affected by spina bifida (SB) and 40 healthy age-matched control children.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The amounts of GAGs excreted vary greatly in SB patients aged from 0 to 5 years, and values are comparable to those observed in normal controls. They are significantly higher in children over 5 years of age.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The increased excretion of GAGs in older SB patients is an important parameter in the evaluation of the physiopathological condition of the bladder wall and hence may be considered a possible marker for monitoring the beginning of bladder damage.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Salvaggio
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Antuzzi
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ferrara
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Scanu
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pulitanò
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Venuti
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Tarquini
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: De Michele
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ricci
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006025:Glycosaminoglycans / Q000652:urine*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008591:Meningomyelocele / Q000652:urine*
chemical_list: D006025:Glycosaminoglycans