title: Abnormalities of hoof growth and development.
abstract: The normal development of the horn capsule (epidermis), with its dermal support (corium), is described. Abnormalities of horn growth may be caused by changes in blood flow (laminitis), the biomechanics of weight bearing, heritable developmental conditions, and other changes of unknown cause.
authors.affiliation: Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA. VanAmstel.Sarel@Hospital.vet.utk.edu
authors.forename: S R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: van Amstel
authors.forename: J K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Shearer
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000254:growth & development*; D005534:Foot Diseases / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000662:veterinary; D006724:Hoof and Claw / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000473:pathology; D007794:Lameness, Animal; D014034:Toes / Q000002:abnormalities