title: Attenuation of hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction by endotoxemia requires 5-lipoxygenase in mice.
abstract: Sepsis and endotoxemia impair hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction (HPV), thereby reducing systemic oxygenation. To assess the role of leukotrienes (LTs) in the attenuation of HPV during endotoxemia, the increase in left lung pulmonary vascular resistance (LPVR) before and during left mainstem bronchus occlusion (LMBO) was measured in mice with and without a deletion of the gene encoding 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO). LMBO increased the LPVR equally in saline-challenged wild-type and 5-LO-deficient mice (96+/-20% and 94+/-19%, respectively). Twenty-two hours after challenge with Escherichia coli endotoxin, the ability of LMBO to increase LPVR was markedly impaired in wild-type mice (27+/-7%; P<0.05) but not in 5-LO-deficient mice (72+/-9%) or in wild-type mice pretreated with MK886, an inhibitor of 5-LO activity (76+/-10%). Compared with wild-type mice, endotoxin-induced disruption of lung structures and inflammatory cell influx in the lung were markedly attenuated in 5-LO-deficient mice. Administration of MK571, a selective cysteinyl LT(1) receptor antagonist, 1 hour before endotoxin challenge preserved HPV and attenuated pulmonary injury in wild-type mice but did not prevent the endotoxin-induced increase in pulmonary myeloperoxidase activity. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that a 5-LO product, most likely a cysteinyl LT, contributes to the attenuation of HPV and to pulmonary injury after challenge with endotoxin.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesia, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. ichinose@etherdome.mgh.harvard.edu
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ichinose
authors.forename: W M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Zapol
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sapirstein
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ullrich
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Tager
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Coggins
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: K D
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Bloch
mesh_terms: D000280:Administration, Inhalation; D000818:Animals; D001094:Arachidonate 5-Lipoxygenase / Q000172:deficiency / Q000378:metabolism*; D001992:Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid / Q000737:chemistry; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D019446:Endotoxemia / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism*; D004731:Endotoxins / Q000494:pharmacology; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000187:drug effects; D000860:Hypoxia / Q000150:complications / Q000201:enzymology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D007958:Leukocyte Count; D020024:Leukotriene Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D015289:Leukotrienes / Q000032:analysis; D016859:Lipoxygenase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D008168:Lung / Q000098:blood supply / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D051379:Mice; D008817:Mice, Mutant Strains; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000008:administration & dosage; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000378:metabolism; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D009195:Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D011650:Pulmonary Alveoli / Q000098:blood supply / Q000378:metabolism; D011652:Pulmonary Circulation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D018077:Receptors, Leukotriene; D014655:Vascular Resistance / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D014661:Vasoconstriction / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D004731:Endotoxins; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D020024:Leukotriene Antagonists; D015289:Leukotrienes; D016859:Lipoxygenase Inhibitors; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D018077:Receptors, Leukotriene; D009569:Nitric Oxide; C044101:endotoxin, Escherichia coli; C412375:cysteinyl leukotriene receptor 2; D009195:Peroxidase; D001094:Arachidonate 5-Lipoxygenase; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; C496317:Nos2 protein, mouse; C083169:leukotriene D4 receptor