title: [Socioeconomic relevance of acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis in the Federal Republic of Germany. A prospective cost of illness study].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Prospectively determined data on costs of chronic bronchitis were not yet available for the Federal Republic of Germany. The purpose of the burden-of-illness-study conducted in the Federal Republic of Germany from October 1996 to March 1998 was to calculate direct and indirect costs of chronic bronchitis as well as its acute exacerbations per patient and year. Furthermore, the health-related quality of life of the patients was determined.
  
  
  METHODS
  The burden-of-illness-study was conducted as an open, not randomised surveillance study. The evaluation based on 785 patients (55.4% male, 44.2% female, 0.4% unknown; mean age 60 years) who were treated by 147 general practitioners. 755 patients could be included into the cost analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Per patient and year direct costs of chronic bronchitis amounted to DM 1112.27, the calculation of indirect costs resulted in DM 959.09. 41.4% of direct costs were due to drug acquisition, hospitalisation costs shared 31.6% and costs for physicians' fee amounted to 20.6%. The severity of chronic bronchitis revealed significantly different results in cost analysis: per patient, mild disease lead to direct costs of DM 387.86, moderate disease to DM 802.62 and severe disease to DM 2224.40. This result was caused by higher costs for drug acquisition and hospitalisation costs due to chronic bronchitis in higher stages of severity. Indirect costs were calculated by applying the human-capital-approach: 45.8% of indirect costs were due to time-off-work, nursing costs amounted to 23.7%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The costs of chronic bronchitis have a considerable impact on the total costs of the health care system of Germany.
authors.affiliation: Institut für Empirische Gesundheitsökonomie, Burscheid. www.instfeg@t-online.de
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rychlik
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Pfeil
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Daniel
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Pfeil
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Mast
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Thate-Waschke
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lorenz
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D001991:Bronchitis / Q000150:complications / Q000191:economics* / Q000628:therapy; D002908:Chronic Disease; D018849:Controlled Clinical Trials as Topic; D017281:Cost of Illness; D003365:Costs and Cost Analysis; D004358:Drug Therapy / Q000191:economics; D005260:Female; D005858:Germany; D006760:Hospitalization / Q000191:economics; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011788:Quality of Life; D012651:Self Medication / Q000191:economics