title: US findings in the scrotum of extreme mountain bikers.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To sonographically investigate whether mountain bikers have a higher prevalence of scrotal abnormalities compared with that in nonbikers.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighty-five male mountain bikers (mean age, 25 years; age range, 17-45 years) and 31 healthy nonbikers (mean age, 24 years; age range, 15-37 years) were examined for scrotal findings at ultrasonography (US). Only male subjects with a history of extensive off-road biking (> or =2 h/d 6 d/wk; covered distance, >5,000 km/y) were assigned to the group of mountain bikers, whereas the control group did not engage in bicycling. In addition to clinical evaluation, US examination of the scrotum was performed by using a linear-array transducer operating at a frequency of 8.0 MHZ:
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eighty (94%) mountain bikers had abnormal findings at scrotal US. Thirty-nine (46%) had a history of intermittent scrotal tenderness or discomfort but no severe scrotal trauma. Abnormal findings at US included scrotal calculi in 69 (81%), epididymal cysts in 39 (46%), epididymal calcifications in 34 (40%), testicular calcifications in 27 (32%), hydroceles in 24 (28%), varicoceles in nine (11%), and testicular microlithiasis in one (1%). In the control group, abnormal findings were noted in five (16%), all of whom had epididymal cysts. The overall difference in the number of scrotal abnormalities in bikers compared with the number in nonbikers was significant (P <.0001, chi2 test).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  US shows a significantly higher prevalence of extratesticular and testicular disorders in these mountain bikers compared with nonbikers.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology II, University Hospital Innsbruck, Austria. ferdinand.frauscher@uibk.ac.at
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Frauscher
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Klauser
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Stenzl
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Helweg
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Amort
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: zur Nedden
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001642:Bicycling / Q000293:injuries; D005832:Genital Diseases, Male / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012611:Scrotum / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D013733:Testicular Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D013737:Testis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D014463:Ultrasonography