title: Prognosis of T4 gastric carcinoma patients: an appraisal of aggressive surgical treatment.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Despite precipitous drop in the incidence of gastric carcinoma in Japan, it is still one of the leading causes of death associated with malignant disease. Once the contiguous organs are involved the prognosis becomes dismal. Prognostic factors governing the survival of patients with T4 gastric carcinoma remain unclear.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between 1980 and 1998, 150 patients were treated for T4 gastric carcinoma. Results and prognostic factors were evaluated by univariate and multivariate analyses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  With a 73% resectability, patients with tumor resection had a significantly (P < 0.0001) improved survival rate. Within an acceptable operative mortality (2.6%), apparently curative cases had survival benefit (P < 0.0001) over noncurative cases. In the multivariate analysis, the death risk increased by 2.18 (relative risk) when splenectomy was spared from the operative procedure (P < 0.0071). Presence of esophageal invasion was the other independent prognostic factor in T4 gastric carcinoma patients (relative risk 2.11). Conventional prognostic factors along with the type of organs invaded by the carcinoma had no impact on prognosis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients with T4 gastric carcinoma might be benefited from aggressive surgery with a curative intent. Whenever possible, splenectomy should be done along with invaded organ resection.
authors.affiliation: Second Department of Surgery, Shimane Medical University, Izumo 693, Japan. nigeka33@shimane-med.ac.jp
authors.forename: D K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Dhar
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kubota
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tachibana
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kinugasa
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Masunaga
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shibakita
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kohno
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nagasue
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013156:Splenectomy; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*