title: Long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA) and perinatal development.
abstract: This paper reports on the conclusions of a workshop on the role of long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA) in maternal and child health. The attending investigators involved in the majority of randomized trials examining LC-PUFA status and functional outcomes summarize the current knowledge in the field and make recommendations for dietary practice. Only studies published in full or in abstract form were used as our working knowledge base.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  For healthy infants we recommend and strongly support breastfeeding as the preferred method of feeding, which supplies preformed LC-PUFA. Infant formulas for term infants should contain at least 0.2% of total fatty acids as docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and 0.35% as arachidonic acid (AA). Since preterm infants are born with much less total body DHA and AA, we suggest that preterm infant formulas should include at least 0.35% DHA and 0.4% AA. Higher levels might confer additional benefits and should be further investigated because optimal dietary intakes for term and preterm infants remain to be defined. For pregnant and lactating women we consider it premature to recommend specific LC-PUFA intakes. However, it seems prudent for pregnant and lactating women to include some food sources of DHA in their diet in view of their assumed increase in LC-PUFA demand and the relationship between maternal and foetal DHA status.
authors.affiliation: Dr. von Haunersches Kinderspital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Germany. Berthold.Koletzko@kk-med.uni-muenchen.de
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Koletzko
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Agostoni
authors.forename: S E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Carlson
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Clandinin
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hornstra
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Neuringer
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Uauy
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yamashiro
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Willatts
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001942:Breast Feeding; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D005333:Fetus / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007774:Lactation / Q000502:physiology*; D011247:Pregnancy / Q000502:physiology*; D014785:Vision, Ocular / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated