title: Cerebral arteriovenous malformations: comparison of novel magnetic resonance angiographic techniques and conventional catheter angiography.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the potential of novel magnetic resonance (MR) angiographic techniques for the assessment of cerebral arteriovenous malformations.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty patients who were about to undergo stereotactic radiosurgery were prospectively recruited. Three-dimensional, sliding-slab interleaved ky (SLINKY), time-of-flight acquisition was performed, as was a dynamic MR digital subtraction angiography (DSA) procedure in which single thick slices (6-10 cm) were obtained using a radiofrequency spoiled Fourier-acquired steady-state sequence (1 image/s). Sixty images were acquired, in two or three projections, during passage of a 6- to 10-ml bolus of gadolinium chelate. Subtraction and postprocessing were performed, and images were viewed in an inverted cine mode. SLINKY time-of-flight acquisition was repeated after the administration of gadolinium. Routine stereotactic conventional catheter angiography was performed after MR imaging. All images were assessed (in a blinded randomized manner) for Spetzler-Martin grading and determination of associated vascular pathological features.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Forty-one arteriovenous malformations were assessed in 40 patients. Contrast-enhanced (CE) SLINKY MR angiography was the most consistent MR imaging technique, yielding a 95% correlation with the Spetzler-Martin classification defined by conventional catheter angiography; MR DSA exhibited 90% agreement, and SLINKY MR angiography exhibited 81% agreement. CE SLINKY MR angiography provided improved nidus delineation, compared with non-CE SLINKY MR angiography. Dynamic information from MR DSA significantly improved the observation of early-draining veins and associated aneurysms.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CE SLINKY MR angiographic assessment of cerebral arteriovenous malformations offers significant advantages, compared with the use of non-CE SLINKY MR angiography, including improved nidus demonstration. MR DSA shows promise as a noninvasive method for dynamic angiography but is presently restricted by limitations in both temporal and spatial resolution.
authors.affiliation: Section of Academic Radiology, University of Sheffield, England.
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Warren
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hoggard
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Walton
authors.forename: M W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Radatz
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Kemeny
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Forster
authors.forename: I D
authors.initials: ID
authors.lastname: Wilkinson
authors.forename: P D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Griffiths
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015901:Angiography, Digital Subtraction / Q000592:standards; D002533:Cerebral Angiography / Q000592:standards; D002550:Cerebral Veins / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D002532:Intracranial Aneurysm / Q000150:complications; D002538:Intracranial Arteriovenous Malformations / Q000145:classification / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis*; D018810:Magnetic Resonance Angiography / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010690:Phlebography / Q000592:standards