title: Enhanced in vitro and in vivo cationic lipid-mediated gene delivery with a fluorinated glycerophosphoethanolamine helper lipid.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  One of the main drawbacks of synthetic, non-viral gene vectors is their relatively low in vivo efficiency when compared with viral vectors. The present paper describes the use of a partially fluorinated glycerophosphoethanolamine (F-PE), a close analog of DOPE, which, as a helper lipid with the cationic lipopolyamine pcTG90, increases its in vitro and in vivo gene transfer capability to a larger extent than DOPE.
  
  
  METHODS
  To evaluate the contribution of F-PE to lipoplex-mediated gene transfer, the effect of including F-PE in lipoplexes formulated with the lipopolyamine pcTG90 for various pcTG90/DOPE/F-PE molar ratios [1:(1-x): x; 1:(2-y):y] was examined. For the in vitro analyses on human lung carcinoma epithelial A549 cells, the lipoplexes were formulated with the luciferase reporter plasmid pTG11033 using various N/P ratios (from 10 to 0.8, N = number of pcTG90 amines, P = number of DNA phosphates). The in vivo analyses were performed (1) with the luciferase reporter plasmid pCMV-Luc, which gives higher luciferase expression in the lung than pcTG11033; (2) with pcTG90/co-lipid(s) (1:2) lipoplexes which yield higher expression than the (1:1) formulations; and (3) by intravenous (iv) injection into the tail vein of mice.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The efficiency of the F-PE lipoplexes to transfect in vitro A549 cells was significantly higher (5-90-fold) than that of DOPE lipoplexes, when formulated in HEPES. However, when formulated in 5% glucose, both co-lipids display a comparable transfection helper potential. Most remarkably, an up to eight-fold increase of luciferase expression could be measured in the lung after iv injection of pcTG90/F-PE (1:2) N/P 5 lipoplexes as compared with the pcTG90/DOPE lipoplexes. It led also to higher luciferase expression than PEI(ExGen500)/pCMV-Luc N/P 10 polyplexes. Besides expression in lung, low levels of luciferase expression were also observed in heart, spleen and liver.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present work, showing a higher in vitro and in vivo transfection potential for lipoplexes formulated with a partially fluorinated co-lipid as compared with its analogous DOPE lipoplexes or PEI polyplexes, indicates that 'fluorinated' lipoplexes are attractive candidates for in vivo applications.
authors.affiliation: TRANSGENE, SA, Strasbourg, France.
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Boussif
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gaucheron
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Boulanger
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Santaella
authors.forename: H V
authors.initials: HV
authors.lastname: Kolbe
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Vierling
mesh_terms: D005461:Fluorine / Q000737:chemistry*; D018014:Gene Transfer Techniques; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D010714:Phosphatidylethanolamines / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D010714:Phosphatidylethanolamines; C002449:glycerophosphoethanolamine; D005461:Fluorine