title: Obstetrical and neonatal outcome following clonazepam use during pregnancy: a case series.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Given the high prevalence of panic disorder in women, treatment decisions are frequently made regarding the use of anti-panic medications during the childbearing years and during pregnancy. The objective of this case series was to evaluate obstetric and neonatal outcome associated with treatment with clonazepam during pregnancy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Subjects were 38 women with histories of panic disorder who used clonazepam during pregnancy. Information regarding the amount and duration of clonazepam use during pregnancy was obtained. Obstetrical records describing pregnancy, labor and delivery and infant Apgar scores were obtained for all subjects. Neonatal nursery records were obtained for 27 subjects.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Maternal outcome assessed by obstetrical records and acute neonatal outcome assessed by Apgar scores were positive. Based on neonatal records, there were no cases of orofacial anomalies, neonatal apnea, benzodiazepine withdrawal syndromes, or temperature or other autonomic dysregulation. In 2 infants born to the same mother, use of clonazepam and imipramine at the time of delivery was associated with transient neonatal distress.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Clonazepam use during pregnancy did not appear to be directly related to any obstetric complications during pregnancy, labor, or delivery. There was no evidence of neonatal toxicity or withdrawal syndromes in babies born to mothers who took clonazepam during pregnancy. Absence of serious maternal or neonatal compromise following clonazepam use during pregnancy in these mothers and infants is somewhat reassuring. One case of hypotonia and 1 case of respiratory distress in babies who were exposed to clonazepam in combination with imipramine at the time of delivery may suggest that coadministration of benzodiazepines with other psychotropic medications may require close neonatal observation.
authors.affiliation: Perinatal and Reproductive Psychiatry Clinical Research Program, Center for Women's Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, Clinical Psychopharmacology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Mass, USA.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Weinstock
authors.forename: L S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Cohen
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Bailey
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Blatman
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Rosenbaum
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000927:Anticonvulsants / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001034:Apgar Score; D002998:Clonazepam / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007743:Labor, Obstetric / Q000502:physiology; D016584:Panic Disorder / Q000188:drug therapy*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome
chemical_list: D000927:Anticonvulsants; D002998:Clonazepam