title: Adrenomedullin stimulates DNA synthesis of rat adrenal zona glomerulosa cells through activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase-dependent cascade.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Adrenal zona glomerulosa cells are provided with adrenomedullin receptors. Adrenomedullin has recently been found to enhance proliferation of cultured rat vascular smooth muscle cells and zona glomerulosa cells.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate whether adrenomedullin affects rat zona glomerulosa proliferative activity through the tyrosine kinase and extracellular signal regulated kinases (ERKs) pathways.
  
  
  METHODS
  Dispersed rat zona glomerulosa cells were cultured in vitro for 24 h and then exposed to adrenomedullin (10(-7) mol/l), alone or in the presence of tyrphostin-23 (10(-5) mol/l) or PD-98059 (10(-4) mol/l), for 24 or 48 h. To assess the rate of DNA synthesis, 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU, 20 mg/ml) was also added to the medium and BrdU-positive cells were detected by immunocytochemistry. The expression of ERKs and the effect of adrenomedullin on ERKs phosphorylation and activity were assayed in dispersed zona glomerulosa cells.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Adrenomedullin significantly increased the percentage of BrdU-positive (phase-S) zona glomerulosa cells; this effect was blocked by either the tyrosine kinase inhibitor, tyrphostin-23, or the mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK-1) inhibitor, PD-98059. Both zona glomerulosa and zona fasciculata/reticularis express ERK-1 (44 kDa) and ERK-2 (42 kDa) isoforms. However, adrenomedullin phosphorylated ERK-1 and ERK-2 only in the zona glomerulosa; this effect was blunted by the MEK-1 inhibitor, PD98059, and by the calcitonin gene-related peptide type 1 (CGRP-1) receptor antagonist, CGRP8-37, but not by the adrenomedullin C-terminal fragment, ADM22-52.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Adrenomedullin stimulates the growth of rat zona glomerulosa cells through activation of CGRP-1 receptor, linked to the tyrosine kinase-MEK-1-ERKs signalling pathway. These results confirm the complex role played by this peptide in the regulation of zona glomerulosa cell physiology.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Padua, Italy.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Semplicini
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ceolotto
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Baritono
authors.forename: L K
authors.initials: LK
authors.lastname: Malendowicz
authors.forename: P G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Andreis
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sartori
authors.forename: G P
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Rossi
authors.forename: G G
authors.initials: GG
authors.lastname: Nussdorfer
mesh_terms: D053607:Adrenomedullin; D000818:Animals; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004247:DNA / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D010455:Peptides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000187:drug effects; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013997:Time Factors; D015383:Zona Fasciculata / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D015384:Zona Glomerulosa / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D010455:Peptides; D053607:Adrenomedullin; D004247:DNA; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases