title: Prolonged sedation with propofol in the rat does not result in sleep deprivation.
abstract: The use of propofol provides sedation without prolonging emergence in patients in the Intensive Care Unit. When prolonged, however, continuous sedation may overlap with naturally occurring sleep periods and potentially increase the risk of sleep deprivation. We modified an established rat model of sleep to determine whether prolonged, continuous sedation results in sleep deprivation. Rats were continuously sedated for a 12-h period overlapping completely with their normal sleep phase. Electroencephalogram (EEG) and movement data were collected before and after the sedation period. Rats were evaluated for EEG and movement evidence of sleep deprivation after sedation. When compared with baseline, the time spent in rapid eye movement (REM) and non-REM sleep was decreased during the first 4 h after sedation. The duration of non-REM sleep bouts was not altered. Power in the delta band (0.5-4 Hz) during non-REM sleep was diminished during the first 2 h only. Movements were reduced during the first hour after emergence from sedation only. In summary, no EEG or behavioral evidence of sleep deprivation was observed on emergence from sedation. These results imply that sedation is associated with a restorative process reversing the natural accumulation of sleep need that occurs during wakefulness.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Prolonged sedation in the Intensive Care Unit may alter the restorative effects of naturally occurring sleep. We sedated rats during their sleep phase to determine whether sedation interferes with sleep. Upon emergence, no evidence of sleep deprivation was observed. Sedation may thus be associated with a restorative effect similar to sleep.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, The University of Chicago, 5841 S. Maryland Ave., Chicago, IL 60637, USA. atung@airway.uchicago.edu
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tung
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Lynch
authors.forename: W B
authors.initials: WB
authors.lastname: Mendelson
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects; D016292:Procedural Sedation; D004569:Electroencephalography / Q000187:drug effects; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008297:Male; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000187:drug effects; D015742:Propofol / Q000009:adverse effects*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012892:Sleep Deprivation / Q000139:chemically induced*; D012894:Sleep Stages / Q000187:drug effects; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives; D015742:Propofol