title: Induction of CspA, an E. coli major cold-shock protein, upon nutritional upshift at 37 degrees C.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The synthesis of CspA, the major cold-shock protein of Escherichia coli, is dramatically induced upon cold shock. It was recently reported that there is massive presence of CspA under nonstress conditions, and it is thus claimed that CspA as the cold-shock protein is a misnomer.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Here, we re-examined and confirmed that CspA is induced upon culture dilution at 37 degrees C. However, its induction level is one-sixth of the cold-shock-induced level, clearly indicating that the major stress that induces CspA is cold shock. It was further found that CspA induction can be achieved not only by culture dilution but also by the simple addition of nutrients, and that it was almost completely abolished in the presence of rifampicin or nalidixic acid. Nutritional upshift causes the induction of only CspA but not other cold-shock-inducible CspA homologues. The amount of cspA mRNA rapidly and transiently increased by culture dilution, but its stability was not significantly changed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that CspA is a nutritional-upshift stress protein as well as a cold-shock stress protein, and that CspA induction following nutritional upshift may be due to transcriptional activation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, University of Medicine & Dentistry of New Jersey, 675 Hoes Lane, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yamanaka
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Inouye
mesh_terms: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D015153:Blotting, Western; D003080:Cold Temperature; D017931:DNA Primers / Q000737:chemistry; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism; D017353:Gene Deletion; D005816:Genetic Complementation Test; D009154:Mutation; D009268:Nalidixic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D012293:Rifampin / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D017931:DNA Primers; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D012333:RNA, Messenger; C062260:cold shock protein CS7.4, Bacteria; D009268:Nalidixic Acid; D012293:Rifampin