title: Traumatic macular hole: observations, pathogenesis, and results of vitrectomy surgery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To review our experience with vitrectomy surgery techniques for the treatment of traumatic macular holes and the biomicroscopic and surgical findings.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective noncomparative, multicenter, case series.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-five patients with traumatic macular hole underwent surgical repair.
  
  
  METHODS
  Vitrectomy with membrane peeling and gas injection followed by prone positioning for 7 to 14 days.
  
  
  METHODS
  Postoperative evaluation included visual acuity testing, closure of the macular hole, and ocular complications.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The macular hole was successfully closed in 24 of 25 cases (96%). The visual acuity improved two or more lines in 21 (84%) cases, and 16 (64%) achieved 20/50 or better vision.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Vitrectomy surgery can successfully close macular holes associated with trauma and improve vision.
authors.affiliation: Retina Research Fund of St. Mary's Medical Center, San Francisco, California 94109, USA.
authors.forename: R N
authors.initials: RN
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: H R
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: McDonald
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lewis
authors.forename: M G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Grand
authors.forename: T G
authors.initials: TG
authors.lastname: Murray
authors.forename: W F
authors.initials: WF
authors.lastname: Mieler
authors.forename: M W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: H C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Boldt
authors.forename: K R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Olsen
authors.forename: P E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Tornambe
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Folk
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D005131:Eye Injuries / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D005466:Fluorocarbons / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D016684:Prone Position; D012160:Retina / Q000293:injuries*; D012167:Retinal Perforations / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014792:Visual Acuity; D014821:Vitrectomy / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D005466:Fluorocarbons; C042852:perflutren