title: Sequential monitoring of peripheral T-lymphocyte cytokine gene expression in the early post renal allograft period.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Despite numerous studies, the precise role of cytokines in acute renal allograft rejection remains unclear. In this study we have monitored sequential changes in peripheral T cell cytokine gene expression, correlating the changes with clinical events after adult renal transplantation, to provide a deeper insight of the role of cytokines in allograft rejection.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sequential changes in peripheral Th-1 [interleukin- (IL) 2 and interferon-gamma] and Th-2 (IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, and IL-13) cytokine gene expression in 43 patients with (n=15) and without (n=28) episodes of biopsy-proven rejection was monitored in the first 6 weeks after renal transplantation using a sensitive, semi-quantitative reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction ELISA approach.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Th-2 cytokines: IL-5 and IL13 expression increased before and during acute rejection, and decreased after successful antirejection therapy. A significant fall in IL-4 expression after transplantation and subsequent return to its baseline level of expression was observed in both nonrejectors and rejectors. IL-10 showed persistently high expression in nonrejectors, but in rejectors the expression fell during acute rejection, with a subsequent rise after antirejection therapy. Th-1 cytokines: IL-2 and IFN-gamma decreased in expression in the first week posttransplant in the rejectors, at the time of acute rejection (IL-2 only) and immediately after completion of antirejection therapy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Sequential monitoring of peripheral T cell cytokine gene expression after renal transplantation detected changes in expression that correlated with episodes of acute rejection and response to antirejection therapy. This approach may be applicable in the clinical laboratory for monitoring posttransplant changes in T cell alloreactivity and immunosuppression.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Queen Alexandra Hospital, Portsmouth, UK.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.forename: W M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Howell
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Sadek
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015331:Cohort Studies; D016207:Cytokines / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression; D006801:Humans; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000235:genetics; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000235:genetics; D018793:Interleukin-13 / Q000235:genetics; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000235:genetics; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000235:genetics; D015848:Interleukin-5 / Q000235:genetics; D016030:Kidney Transplantation; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011184:Postoperative Period; D018417:Th1 Cells / Q000378:metabolism; D018418:Th2 Cells / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D018793:Interleukin-13; D007376:Interleukin-2; D015848:Interleukin-5; D016753:Interleukin-10; D015847:Interleukin-4; D007371:Interferon-gamma