title: Laser-induced noninvasive vascular injury models in mice generate platelet- and coagulation-dependent thrombi.
abstract: A minimally invasive laser-induced injury model is described to study thrombus development in mice in vivo. The protocol involves focusing the beam of an argon-ion laser through a compound microscope on the vasculature of a mouse ear that is sufficiently thin such that blood flow can be visualized by intravital microscopy. Two distinct injury models have been established. The first involves direct laser illumination with a short, high-intensity pulse. In this case, thrombus formation is inhibited by the GPIIb/IIIa antagonist, G4120. However, the anticoagulants, hirulog, PPACK, and NapC2 have minimal effect. This indicates that thrombus development induced by this model mainly involves platelet interactions. The second model involves low-intensity laser illumination of mice injected with Rose Bengal dye to induce photochemical injury in the region of laser illumination. Thrombi generated by this latter procedure have a slower development and are inhibited by both anticoagulant and anti-platelet compounds.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, W. M. Keck Center for Transgene Research, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, USA. rosen.1@nd.edu
authors.forename: E D
authors.initials: ED
authors.lastname: Rosen
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Raymond
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zollman
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Noria
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sandoval-Cooper
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shulman
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Merz
authors.forename: F J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Castellino
mesh_terms: D000590:Amino Acid Chloromethyl Ketones / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D000991:Antithrombins / Q000494:pharmacology; D001777:Blood Coagulation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D001792:Blood Platelets / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D001808:Blood Vessels / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes / Q000494:pharmacology; D007834:Lasers / Q000009:adverse effects*; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008854:Microscopy, Electron; D010456:Peptides, Cyclic / Q000494:pharmacology; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D012395:Rose Bengal / Q000494:pharmacology; D013454:Sulfoxides / Q000494:pharmacology; D013927:Thrombosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000590:Amino Acid Chloromethyl Ketones; D000991:Antithrombins; D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D010456:Peptides, Cyclic; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; D013454:Sulfoxides; C074915:G 4120; D012395:Rose Bengal; C040308:phenylalanyl-prolyl-arginine-chloromethyl ketone