title: Effect of sensitized macrophages in transplantable sarcoma in mice. synergistic effect of hyperimmunized serum, sensitized spleen cells and macrophages in tumor transplantation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Immunosuppression cannot develop tumors by itself. It may induce tumors under appropriate conditions and may accelerate tumor development which may be reversed by sensitized spleen cells. This study concerns the effect of sensitized macrophages in murine-transplantable sarcomas by a combination of hyperimmune serum, sensitized spleen cells and macrophages.
  
  
  METHODS
  The main technique adopted was intraperitoneal (ip) injection of 2 mL of 10% protease peptone broth, followed 2 days later by inoculation into the peritoneum with 10-mL Hank isotonic solution. The cells from the pooled peritoneal fluid were tested by dye exclusion test to ascertain the percentage of live cells. They were tried in whole body-irradiated mice with a combination of immune serum and sensitized spleen cells to ascertain whether a suppression of growth of solid tumors could be achieved when subcutaneously (sc) administered with the previously mentioned combinations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The addition of immunomacrophages from transplanted tumor-bearing mice significantly suppressed the growth of subcutaneous solid tumors when the number of tumor cells was kept constant. A change in number of immunomacrophages from hyperimmunized mice at a ratio of 4:l showed a direct relationship in suppression of tumor growth. Experiments were initiated in which tumor cells were injected sc and peritoneal macrophages were injected either intravenously (iv) or ip. Experiments were then initiated to prove that cell-to-cell contact is essential for tumor suppression. In experiments in which tumor cells were administered sc and macrophages injected either iv or ip, a significant immunosuppressive effect was not shown, thus also indicating that regardless of which, cell-to-cell contact is an absolutely essential factor involved in tumor suppression. A combination of hyperimmune serum and macrophages was found to act synergistically. Macrophages and hyperimmune serum at a lesser proportion did not suppress tumor growth. Sensitized macrophages and spleen cells together significantly suppressed tumor growth in a pure isogenic strain of irradiated mice. The sensitized macrophages injected iv prolonged the survival period and retarded tumor growth.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Tumor suppression by macrophages was found to be due to its contact with tumor cells that enables the effective transfer of immunity. Hyperimmune serum and other cells (macrophages, spleen lymphocytes) act synergistically toward each other and prolong the survival period.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Carcinogens, National Institute of Occupational Health, Meghani Nagar, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India.
authors.forename: S K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Nigam
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Venkatakrishna-Bhatt
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005260:Female; D007106:Immune Sera; D008264:Macrophages / Q000276:immunology*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D009368:Neoplasm Transplantation; D012513:Sarcoma, Experimental / Q000473:pathology*; D013154:Spleen / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D007106:Immune Sera