title: Music as intervention: a notable endeavor to improve patient outcomes.
abstract: Music interventions have been used in medicine and nursing throughout history. Music therapy is an easy-to-administer, relatively inexpensive, noninvasive intervention that has been used to reduce heart rate, blood pressure, myocardial oxygen consumption, gastrointestinal function, anxiety, and pain. A review of theoretic and empirical base for the use of music therapy to improve patient outcomes in a variety of areas of clinical practice is presented. Implications for practice and future research are suggested.
authors.affiliation: Health Restoration Department, School of Nursing, PO Box 413, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53201, USA. jill@uwm.edu
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: White
mesh_terms: D001303:Auditory Cortex / Q000502:physiology; D006309:Hearing / Q000502:physiology; D049671:History, 18th Century; D049672:History, 19th Century; D049673:History, 20th Century; D049690:History, Ancient; D018939:Holistic Nursing / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D009146:Music / Q000523:psychology; D009147:Music Therapy / Q000266:history