title: Positive and negative roles of the trans-acting T cell factor-1 for the acquisition of distinct Ly-49 MHC class I receptors by NK cells.
abstract: Members of the Ly-49 gene family code for class I MHC-specific receptors that regulate NK cell function. Due to a combinatorial distribution of Ly-49 receptors, NK cells display considerable clonal heterogeneity. The acquisition of one Ly-49 receptor, Ly-49A is strictly dependent on the transcriptional trans-acting factor T cell-specific factor-1 (TCF-1). Indeed, TCF-1 binds to two sites in the Ly-49a promoter and regulates its activity, suggesting that the Ly-49a gene is a direct TCF-1 target. TCF-1 deficiency resulted in the altered usage of additional Ly-49 receptors. We show in this study, using TCF-1 beta(2)-microglobulin double-deficient mice, that these repertoire alterations are not due to Ly-49/MHC class I interactions. Our findings rather suggest a TCF-1-dependent, cell autonomous effect on the acquisition of multiple Ly-49 receptors. Besides reduced receptor usage (Ly-49A and D), we also observed no effect (Ly-49C) and significantly expanded (Ly-49G and I) receptor usage in the absence of TCF-1. These effects did not in all cases correlate with the presence of TCF binding sites in the respective proximal promoter. Therefore, besides TCF-1 binding to the proximal promoter, Ly-49 acquisition may also be regulated by TCF-1 binding to more distant cis-acting elements and/or by regulating the expression of additional trans-acting factors. Consistent with the observed differential, positive or negative role of TCF-1 for Ly-49 receptor acquisition, reporter gene assays revealed the presence of an inducing as well as a repressing TCF site in certain proximal Ly-49 promoters. These findings reveal an important role of TCF-1 for the formation of the NK cell receptor repertoire.
authors.affiliation: Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kunz
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Held
mesh_terms: D020121:5' Untranslated Regions / Q000032:analysis / Q000302:isolation & purification; D000818:Animals; D000950:Antigens, Ly; D001483:Base Sequence; D001665:Binding Sites / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000172:deficiency / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D051538:Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 1-alpha; D015395:Histocompatibility Antigens Class I / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D007694:Killer Cells, Natural / Q000378:metabolism*; D037181:Lectins, C-Type; D051821:Lymphoid Enhancer-Binding Factor 1; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000276:immunology; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D055630:Receptors, NK Cell Lectin-Like; D051822:T Cell Transcription Factor 1; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000172:deficiency / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D020121:5' Untranslated Regions; D000950:Antigens, Ly; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D051538:Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 1-alpha; D015395:Histocompatibility Antigens Class I; C496488:Hnf1a protein, mouse; D037181:Lectins, C-Type; D051821:Lymphoid Enhancer-Binding Factor 1; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic; D055630:Receptors, NK Cell Lectin-Like; D051822:T Cell Transcription Factor 1; D014157:Transcription Factors