title: Intraperitoneal hyaluronan administration in conscious rats: absorption, metabolism, and effects on peritoneal fluid dynamics.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Hyaluronan (HA) is a major component of interstitial tissue that participates in fluid homeostasis, response to inflammation, and wound healing. Previous studies have shown that intraperitoneal administration of HA can affect peritoneal fluid transport during short peritoneal dialysis exchanges in anesthetized rats. We sought to investigate the effect of high molecular weight HA on peritoneal permeability in conscious rats during dialysis exchanges up to 8 hours in duration. In addition, we sought to investigate the absorption of HA from the peritoneal cavity, its accumulation in peritoneal tissues, and its metabolism in normal and uremic rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Experiments were performed on male Wistar rats infused with 30 mL peritoneal dialysis solution (Dianeal, Baxter Healthcare; Castelbar, Ireland) containing 10 mg/dL HA or with Dianeal alone (control). Peritoneal fluid removal (net ultrafiltration), permeability to glucose, creatinine, and total proteins, and tissue and blood levels of HA were determined in separate groups of rats at 1,2, 4, 6, and 8 hours after intraperitoneal infusion. Hyaluronan appearance and disappearance from plasma were also studied for 24 hours in separate groups of normal and uremic rats.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Net ultrafiltration was significantly greater (27%) in rats infused with HA at 4, 6, and 8 hours (p < 0.01) compared to controls. Transperitoneal equilibration of protein was reduced by 27% (p < 0.001) at 4 hours and by 30% (p < 0.01) at 8 hours. During the 8-hour exchange, peritoneal clearance of creatinine increased by 27% (p < 0.01), whereas the clearance of total protein decreased by 27% (p < 0.005). After 8 hours, 25.7% +/- 3.1% of the administered HA was absorbed from the peritoneal cavity, peritoneal tissue HA concentration was increased by 117% (p < 0.001), and plasma HA levels increased by 435% (p < 0.001). Plasma HA levels returned to normal within 24 hours after intraperitoneal administration in both healthy and uremic rats.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hyaluronan added to dialysis fluid is absorbed from the peritoneal cavity and accumulates in peritoneal tissues. Hyaluronan supplementation produces changes in peritoneal permeability, leading to higher net ultrafiltration and peritoneal creatinine clearance, whereas total protein clearance decreases. The HA that is absorbed from the peritoneal cavity appears to be rapidly metabolized in both healthy and uremic rats.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathophysiology, Poznan Medical School, Poland. abreb@usoms.poznan.pl
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Breborowicz
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Polubinska
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Pawlaczyk
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kuzlan-Pawlaczyk
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Moberly
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Martis
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Oreopoulos
mesh_terms: D000042:Absorption; D000818:Animals; D001202:Ascitic Fluid / Q000378:metabolism*; D003404:Creatinine / Q000378:metabolism; D015314:Dialysis Solutions / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D006820:Hyaluronic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007263:Infusions, Parenteral; D008297:Male; D010530:Peritoneal Dialysis; D010537:Peritoneum / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D010539:Permeability; D011506:Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D014511:Uremia / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D015314:Dialysis Solutions; D011506:Proteins; D006820:Hyaluronic Acid; D003404:Creatinine; D005947:Glucose