title: Relationship of suicide rates to social factors and availability of lethal methods: comparison of suicide in Newcastle upon Tyne 1961-1965 and 1985-1994.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The UK Government's White Paper Saving Lives: Our Healthier Nation included among its targets a reduction in suicide.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To study causes of change in suicide rate over a 30-year period in Newcastle upon Tyne.
  
  
  METHODS
  Suicide rates and methods, based on coroners' inquest records, were compared over two periods (1961-1965 and 1985-1994) and differences were related to changes in exposure to poisions and prescribed drugs, and to socio-demographic changes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Demographic and social changes had taken place which would adversely affect suicide rates. However, a dramatic fall was found in the rate for women, and a modest decline in that for men. Reduced exposure to carbon monoxide and to barbiturates coincided with the fall in rates.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Reduced exposure to lethal methods was responsible for the fall in rate in both genders, while the gender difference in favour of women may be related to their preference for non-violent methods or to their being less affected by the social changes.
authors.affiliation: University of Newcastle upon Tyne, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK. kurt.schapira@ncl.ac.uk
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Schapira
authors.forename: K R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Linsley
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Linsley
authors.forename: T P
authors.initials: TP
authors.lastname: Kelly
authors.forename: D W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Kay
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D002249:Carbon Monoxide Poisoning / Q000401:mortality; D002423:Cause of Death; D004739:England / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D017533:Marital Status; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000523:psychology; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D011041:Poisoning / Q000401:mortality*; D012111:Residence Characteristics; D012179:Retirement / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012307:Risk Factors; D017678:Sex Distribution; D013405:Suicide / Q000706:statistics & numerical data* / Q000639:trends; D014478:Unemployment / Q000706:statistics & numerical data