Health effects of fluoride pollution caused by coal burning.
Recently a huge amount of fluoride in coal has been released into indoor environments by the combustion of coal and fluoride pollution seems to be increasing in some rural areas in China. Combustion of coal and coal bricks is the primary source of gaseous and aerosol fluoride and these forms of fluoride can easily enter exposed food products and the human respiratory tract. Major human fluoride exposure was caused by consumption of fluoride contaminated food, such as corn, chilies and potatoes. For each diagnostic syndrome of dental fluorosis, a log-normal distribution was observed on the logarithm of urinary fluoride concentration in students in China. Urinary fluoride content was found to be a primary health indicator of the prevalence of dental fluorosis in the community. In the fluorosis areas, osteosclerosis in skeletal fluorosis patients was observed with a high prevalence. A biochemical marker of bone resorption, urinary deoxypyridinoline content was much higher in residents in China than in residents in Japan. It was suggested that bone resorption was stimulated to a greater extent in residents in China and fluoride may stimulate both bone resorption and bone formation. Renal function especially glomerular filtration rate was very sensitive to fluoride exposure. Inorganic phosphate concentrations in urine were significantly lower in the residents in fluorosis areas in China than in non-fluorosis area in China and Japan. Since airborne fluoride from the combustion of coal pollutes extensively both the living environment and food, it is necessary to reduce fluoride pollution caused by coal burning.
Ando
M
M
Regional Environment Division, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. mando@nies.go.jp
Tadano
M
M
Yamamoto
S
S
Tamura
K
K
Asanuma
S
S
Watanabe
T
T
Kondo
T
T
Sakurai
S
S
Ji
R
R
Liang
C
C
Chen
X
X
Hong
Z
Z
Cao
S
S
D000328:Adult; D016902:Air Pollution, Indoor / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000032:analysis; D000596:Amino Acids / Q000652:urine; D001862:Bone Resorption / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000473:pathology; D002681:China; D003031:Coal; D003296:Cooking; D005260:Female; D005459:Fluorides / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000032:analysis; D009050:Fluorosis, Dental / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D017745:Incineration; D008297:Male
D000596:Amino Acids; D003031:Coal; C036020:deoxypyridinoline; D005459:Fluorides