title: Combination of Trichoderma harzianum endochitinase and a membrane-affecting fungicide on control of Alternaria leaf spot in transgenic broccoli plants.
abstract: Progeny from transgenic broccoli (cv. Green Comet) expressing a Trichoderma harzianum endochitinase gene were used to assess the interaction between endochitinase and the fungicide Bayleton in the control of Alternaria brassicicola. In vitro assays have shown synergistic effects of endochitinase and fungicides on fungal pathogens. Our study examined the in planta effects of endochitinase and Bayleton, individually and in combination. Two month old transgenic and non-transgenic plants were sprayed with ED50 levels of Bayleton and/or inoculated with an A. brassicicola spore suspension. Disease levels in non-sprayed transgenic plants were not statistically different from sprayed transgenic plants nor from sprayed non-transgenic controls. Thus endochitinase-transgenic plants alone provided a significant reduction of disease severity, comparable to the protection by fungicide on non-transgenic plants. Comparison of the expected additive and observed effects revealed no synergism between endochitinase and Bayleton (at ED50 level), and usually less than an additive effect. Some transgenic lines sprayed with fungicide at doses higher than ED50 showed resistance similar to the non-sprayed transgenic lines, again suggesting no synergistic effect. Lack of synergism may be due to incomplete digestion of the cell wall by endochitinase, so that the effect of Bayleton at the cell membrane is not enhanced.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Breeding, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-1901, USA.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mora
authors.forename: E D
authors.initials: ED
authors.lastname: Earle
mesh_terms: D000528:Alternaria / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000472:pathogenicity; D001937:Brassica / Q000235:genetics / Q000382:microbiology*; D002688:Chitinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005659:Fungicides, Industrial / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000382:microbiology*; D030821:Plants, Genetically Modified / Q000382:microbiology; D014162:Transfection; D014230:Triazoles / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014242:Trichoderma / Q000201:enzymology
chemical_list: D005659:Fungicides, Industrial; D014230:Triazoles; C032910:triadimefon; D002688:Chitinases