title: Extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy in patients treated with antithrombotic agents.
abstract: METHODS
  Between January 1996 and December 1999, 749 patients underwent electromagnetic SWL. Among them, 23 patients, 19 with renal and 4 with ureteral stones, were receiving antithrombotic drugs (aspirin, ticlopidine, dipyridamole). According to the cardiologist and hematologist, we divided these patients into two groups: Group 1 had a low thromboembolic risk (previous myocardial infarction), and Group 2 had a high thromboembolic risk (aortocoronary bypass, atrial fibrillation, cerebrovascular disease, peripheral occlusive arterial disease). Group 1 patients discontinued their antiplatelet therapy 8 days prior to SWL to permit a sufficient number of functioning platelets to remain. Group 2 patients suspended antiplatelet therapy, and unfractioned heparin 5000 IU tid (8 a.m., 4 p.m., and 12 p.m.) was administered for the 8 days prior to SWL. On the ninth day of withdrawal, SWL was performed in all patients. Close follow-up was performed during the postoperative period (hemoglobin, hematocrit, kidney ultrasonography, plain abdominal film). The antithrombotic therapy was restored in all patients within 10 to 14 days of withdrawal.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Hematomas and thromboembolic events were not observed. At 3 months' follow-up, 14 patients (61%) were stone free, 3 (13%) had <4-mm fragments, and 6 (26%) had >4-mm residual fragments.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our schedules for the suspension or substitution of antithrombotic therapy, although tested in a small number of patients, allowed us to perform SWL without hemorrhagic or thromboembolic complications.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Urology, Angelo Bianchi Bonomi Haemophilia Thrombosis Centre, Ospedale Maggiore, Italy. gp.zanett@tiscalinet.it
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zanetti
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kartalas-Goumas
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Montanari
authors.forename: A B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Federici
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Trinchieri
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Rovera
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Pisani
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006493:Heparin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D008096:Lithotripsy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012307:Risk Factors; D013923:Thromboembolism / Q000209:etiology; D014545:Urinary Calculi / Q000628:therapy*
chemical_list: D000925:Anticoagulants; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; D006493:Heparin