title: Health and ill-health in the older population in England and Wales. The Medical Research Council Cognitive Function and Ageing Study (MRC CFAS).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  to provide a profile of disorders and disabilities in the older population.
  
  
  METHODS
  the MRC CFAS drew population samples of people aged 64 years and over from Family Health Service Authority lists at five sites and asked participants about sociodemographic variables, physical and cognitive health and activities of daily living, We calculated the prevalence of co-morbidity from the number of different types of complaint or disability (physical, functional and cognitive), and calculated healthy life expectancies in each of these co-morbid states.
  
  
  METHODS
  three urban (Newcastle, Nottingham and Oxford) and two rural sites (Cambridgeshire and Gwynedd).
  
  
  RESULTS
  the prevalence of morbidity is low at the youngest ages, as is co-morbidity. Women have consistently greater morbidity than men. Morbidity increases sharply with age, with a more dramatic rise in women. Life expectancy without any morbidity is short at all ages over 64, with the number of years expected with two or more areas affected virtually constant up to 90 years. As a proportion of remaining life expectancy, the period of time spent with two or more areas affected rises by the age of 90 to 30% in men and 60% in women.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  preventive programmes for the older population should take into account the large differences between the young old, the middle old and the old old. Our study provides a baseline against which to compare future changes in health in older populations, as well as benchmark expectancies for the UK population.
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Institute of Public Health, UK. carol.brayne@medschl.cam.ac.uk
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Brayne
authors.forename: F E
authors.initials: FE
authors.lastname: Matthews
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: McGee
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Jagger
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living / Q000145:classification; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002908:Chronic Disease / Q000453:epidemiology*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D004739:England / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D016330:Frail Elderly / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D015577:Geriatric Assessment / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D012737:Sex Factors; D016019:Survival Analysis; D014852:Wales / Q000453:epidemiology