title: Oscillatory flow and gas transport through a symmetrical bifurcation.
abstract: Axial gas transport due to the interaction between radial mixing and radially nonuniform axial velocities is responsible for gas transport in thick airways during High-frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFO). Because the airways can be characterized by a bifurcating tube network, the secondary flow in the curved portion of a bifurcating tube contributes to cross-stream mixing. In this study the oscillatory flow and concentration fields through a single symmetrical airway bifurcating tube model were numerically analyzed by solving three-dimensional Navier-Stokes and mass concentration equations with the SIMPLER algorithm. The simulation conditions were for a Womersley number, alpha = 9.1 and Reynolds numbers in the parent tube between 200 and 1000, corresponding to Dn2/alpha 4 in the curved portion between 2 and 80, where Dn is Dean number. For comparison with the results from the bifurcating tube, we calculated the velocity and concentration fields for fully developed oscillatory flow through a curved tube with a curvature rate of 1/10, which is identical to the curved portion of the bifurcating tube. For Dn2/alpha 4 < or = 10 in the curved portion of the bifurcating tube, the flow divider and area changes dominate the axial gas transport, because the effective diffusivity is greater than in either a straight or curved tube, in spite of low secondary velocities. However, for Dn2/alpha 4 > or = 20, the gas transport characteristics in a bifurcation are similar to a curved tube because of the significant effect of secondary flow.
authors.affiliation: Department of System Design Engineering, KEIO University, 3-14-1, Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, 223, Japan.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Fujioka
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Oka
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tanishita
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D001980:Bronchi / Q000502:physiology; D006612:High-Frequency Ventilation; D008954:Models, Biological; D011312:Pressure; D011659:Pulmonary Gas Exchange / Q000502:physiology*; D012123:Pulmonary Ventilation / Q000502:physiology*; D012212:Rheology; D013990:Tidal Volume; D014132:Trachea / Q000502:physiology