title: Observation of psychoactive substance consumption: methods and results of the French OPPIDUM programme.
abstract: This study presents a French programme designed to observe and evaluate psychoactive substance dependence and abuse. Annual surveys lasting 4 weeks are performed with drug users in drug centres. Its usefulness is discussed using examples from the study: potential for antidepressant dependence (amineptine), monitoring benzodiazepine use and consumption associated with maintenance treatments. Flunitrazepam is the most consumed benzodiazepine and often got by deal (29%). There are important differences between buprenorphine consumption in a maintenance treatment context (9/10) and beyond this context (1/10). The main methodology problems encountered are representativeness and validity of data. The limits of the programme and its role in the French health care system are discussed.
authors.affiliation: CEIP de Marseille (centre associé) et Laboratoire de Santé Publique, Faculté de Médecine, Marseille, France. oppidum@medecine.univ-mrs.fr
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Thirion
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Micallef
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Barrau
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Djezzar
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Sanmarco
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lagier
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D014151:Anti-Anxiety Agents; D001569:Benzodiazepines; D002047:Buprenorphine; D003625:Data Collection; D005260:Female; D005602:France / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008691:Methadone; D009294:Narcotics; D015397:Program Evaluation; D011619:Psychotropic Drugs; D016320:Substance Abuse Treatment Centers / Q000379:methods* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000628:therapy
chemical_list: D014151:Anti-Anxiety Agents; D009294:Narcotics; D011619:Psychotropic Drugs; D001569:Benzodiazepines; D002047:Buprenorphine; D008691:Methadone