title: TGF-beta-induced repression of CBFA1 by Smad3 decreases cbfa1 and osteocalcin expression and inhibits osteoblast differentiation.
abstract: Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta), a secreted factor present at high levels in bone, inhibits osteoblast differentiation in culture; yet, the mechanism of this inhibition remains unclear. We studied the effects of TGF-beta and its effectors, the Smads, on the expression and function of the osteoblast transcription factor CBFA1. TGF-beta inhibited the expression of the cbfa1 and osteocalcin genes, whose expression is controlled by CBFA1 in osteoblast-like cell lines. This inhibition was mediated by Smad3, which interacts physically with CBFA1 and represses its transcriptional activity at the CBFA1-binding OSE2 promoter sequence. The repression of CBFA1 function by Smad3 contrasts with previous observations that Smads function as transcription activators. This repression occurred in mesenchymal but not epithelial cells, and depended on the promoter sequence. Smad3-mediated repression of CBFA1 provides a central regulatory mechanism for the inhibition of osteoblast differentiation by TGF-beta, since it inhibits both cbfa1 transcription and transcriptional activation of osteoblast differentiation genes by CBFA1. Altering Smad3 signaling influenced osteoblast differentiation in the presence or absence of TGF-beta, implicating Smad3/TGF-beta-mediated repression in autocrine regulation of osteoblast differentiation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Growth and Development, Program in Cell Biology, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143-0640, USA.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Alliston
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Choy
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ducy
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Karsenty
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Derynck
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D050659:Core Binding Factor Alpha 1 Subunit; D004247:DNA / Q000378:metabolism; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D008648:Mesoderm / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D015675:Osteocalcin / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D011485:Protein Binding / Q000502:physiology; D051381:Rats; D051899:Smad2 Protein; D051900:Smad3 Protein; D015534:Trans-Activators / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D014158:Transcription, Genetic / Q000187:drug effects; D015533:Transcriptional Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D050659:Core Binding Factor Alpha 1 Subunit; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; C497782:SMAD2 protein, human; C497790:SMAD3 protein, human; D051899:Smad2 Protein; C497783:Smad2 protein, mouse; C497784:Smad2 protein, rat; D051900:Smad3 Protein; C497791:Smad3 protein, mouse; C497787:Smad3 protein, rat; D015534:Trans-Activators; D014157:Transcription Factors; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D015675:Osteocalcin; D004247:DNA