title: [Dependence of "amplitude modulation following response" on attention].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Amplitude modulation following responses (AMFR) allows good estimation of the hearing threshold due to the very narrow band excitation of the cochlea. Audiological use of AMFR requires knowledge of the relationship of these responses to the state of vigilance. The few studies published compared only qualitatively the amplitude of AMFR recorded in awake subjects to that recorded in sleeping subjects. A quantitative determination of the level of vigilance on the basis of recorded physiological parameters has not yet been carried out. In the present study, the relationship between the amplitude of AMFR and the level of vigilance was investigated quantitatively.
  
  
  METHODS
  In eight adults with normal hearing, the relationship between the AMFR amplitude and EEG amplitude in the delta- and theta-band was determined. The amplitude in both frequency bands was used to indicate the state of vigilance. The subjects were studied during natural and drug-induced sleep. A 1-kHz carrier tone with a sinusoidally modulated amplitude of 40 Hz or 80 Hz was used as stimulus.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At 40-Hz modulation frequency, the AMFR amplitude correlates with the EEG amplitude both in natural and drug-induced sleep. An increase in EEG activity is paralleled by a significant reduction of AMFR amplitude. At 80-Hz modulation frequency, no relationship between AMFR amplitude and EEG activity could be detected. Under all conditions, the amplitudes of AMFR evoked by a modulation frequency of 80 Hz were significantly lower than those evoked by 40 Hz.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that for an audiological use of the 40-Hz AMFR the state of vigilance should be stabilised at a constantly high level. In spite of the lower influence of vigilance on the 80-Hz AMFR, this response appears less ideal for threshold estimation in adults due to the significantly smaller amplitudes.
authors.affiliation: Abteilung Experimentelle Audiologie, Universitäts-HNO-Klinik Magdeburg, Leipziger Strasse 44, 39120 Magdeburg. joachim.pethe@medizin.uni-magdeburg.de
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pethe
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mühler
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: von Specht
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001288:Attention / Q000502:physiology*; D001309:Auditory Threshold / Q000502:physiology*; D003056:Cochlear Nerve / Q000502:physiology; D003700:Delta Rhythm; D004569:Electroencephalography; D005072:Evoked Potentials, Auditory / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010898:Pitch Perception / Q000502:physiology*; D012016:Reference Values; D012815:Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted; D012894:Sleep Stages / Q000502:physiology*; D013826:Theta Rhythm; D014851:Wakefulness / Q000502:physiology*