Nutrient digestibility and intestinal viscosities in broiler chickens fed on wheat diets, as compared to maize diets with added guar gum.
1. Three maize diets containing 0, 1 or 3 g of guar gum per kg and 2 wheat diets were given to male broiler chickens for measurements of growth performance and nutrient digestibility. 2. The intestinal viscosities found with wheat diets were within the range of those observed with the 3 maize diets. The correlations between in vivo and in vitro viscosities were higher with real than with potential applied viscosity. 3. The gain:food ratio decreased (P < 0.05) with the addition of 3 g guar gum/kg. The mean gain:food ratio observed for wheat diets was lower (P = 0.007) than the mean value found for the 3 maize diets. 4. The negative effects of increased intestinal viscosity due to guar gum addition on nutrient digestibility were highest for lipids and lowest for starch. 5. Wheat diets resulted in much lower (P < 0.001) starch apparent digestibility compared to maize diets with added guar gum despite similar mean intestinal viscosities in the 2 groups of diets. Apparent lipid digestibility with wheat diets was lower (P < 0.01) than the value predicted from intestinal viscosity, the predictive model having been calculated with the guar gum added maize diets. Apparent protein digestibility did not differ between wheat diets and guar gum added maize diets. 6. It was concluded that the low apparent digestibilities of starch and lipid observed with wheats could not be attributed only to intestinal viscosity and that other factors appear to be implicated in the low digestibilities observed with the wheat samples tested in the present experiment.
Maisonnier
S
S
Station de Recherches Avicoles, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, 37380 Nouzilly, France.
Gomez
J
J
Carré
B
B
D000821:Animal Feed; D000818:Animals; D001835:Body Weight; D002645:Chickens / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism; D004032:Diet / Q000662:veterinary; D004063:Digestion; D004734:Energy Metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D005685:Galactans / Q000494:pharmacology; D007422:Intestines / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D008351:Mannans / Q000494:pharmacology; D009753:Nutritive Value; D053149:Plant Gums; D014908:Triticum / Q000378:metabolism*; D014783:Viscosity / Q000187:drug effects; D003313:Zea mays / Q000378:metabolism*
D005685:Galactans; D008351:Mannans; D053149:Plant Gums; C007894:guar gum