Epileptic seizures may begin hours in advance of clinical onset: a report of five patients.
Mechanisms underlying seizure generation are traditionally thought to act over seconds to minutes before clinical seizure onset. We analyzed continuous 3- to 14-day intracranial EEG recordings from five patients with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy obtained during evaluation for epilepsy surgery. We found localized quantitative EEG changes identifying prolonged bursts of complex epileptiform discharges that became more prevalent 7 hr before seizures and highly localized subclinical seizure-like activity that became more frequent 2 hr prior to seizure onset. Accumulated energy increased in the 50 min before seizure onset, compared to baseline. These observations, from a small number of patients, suggest that epileptic seizures may begin as a cascade of electrophysiological events that evolve over hours and that quantitative measures of preseizure electrical activity could possibly be used to predict seizures far in advance of clinical onset.
Litt
B
B
Department of Neurology and Bioengineering, 3 West Gates, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. littb@mail.med.upenn.edu
Esteller
R
R
Echauz
J
J
D'Alessandro
M
M
Shor
R
R
Henry
T
T
Pennell
P
P
Epstein
C
C
Bakay
R
R
Dichter
M
M
Vachtsevanos
G
G
D000200:Action Potentials / Q000502:physiology; D000328:Adult; D000679:Amygdala / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D015984:Causality; D004566:Electrodes; D004569:Electroencephalography; D004833:Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D013702:Temporal Lobe / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D013997:Time Factors