title: Frontal sinus malignancies.
abstract: Frontal sinus malignancies comprise 2% to 3% of those occurring in the paranasal region. Patients commonly present with forehead pain and swelling, orbital disturbances, epistaxis, and nasal purulence. A combination of CT and MR imaging delineate the tumor and its relationship with the adjacent dura and periorbita. Low-grade malignancies are addressed with en bloc extirpation, with lower frontal sinus and adjacent ethmoid lesions approached through a superior rhinotomy, and more extensive lesions through a combination of a bicoronal flap and rhinotomy. Postoperative irradiation is appropriate for medium- to high-grade lesions. Small to medium defects are closed with local rotation flaps and larger defects with free flaps. Bony reconstruction can range from a split calvarial bone graft to mini plates and wire mesh.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology and Communicative Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, 150 Ashley Avenue, Charleston, SC 29425, USA.
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Osguthorpe
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Richardson
mesh_terms: D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D005626:Frontal Sinus / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D013517:Otorhinolaryngologic Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods; D010255:Paranasal Sinus Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed