title: Long term improvement in the treatment of canine leishmaniosis using an antimony liposomal formulation.
abstract: Pharmacokinetic and clinical effectiveness of liposome-encapsulated N-methylglucamine antimoniate (LMA) was performed in dogs suffering from experimental leishmaniosis. LMA was compared with N-methylglucamine antimoniate (MGA), the same drug in its free form. Sb plasma concentrations for LMA were always higher than those for MGA. Mean residence time (MRT), half-life time (t(1/2)) and clearance (Cl) showed that Sb was eliminated slower after liposome administration. The high volume of distribution (Vd) obtained with LMA suggests that Sb could achieve therapeutic concentrations in parasite-infected tissues. Average plasma concentration at steady state (Css(ave)) shows that Sb body concentrations after LMA treatment (9.8 mg/kg Sb, each 24h) would be effective in Leishmania infantum canine infection. Comparing LMA with MGA in a 1-year follow-up we observed no relapses for LMA and total protein and gammaglobulin concentrations were within normal range, while for MGA both began to rise 3 months after treatment. Use of antimonial liposomal formulations may restore effectiveness to an existing drug and reduce toxicity.
authors.affiliation: Departament de Farmacologia i Terapèutica, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Valladares
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Riera
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: González-Ensenyat
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Díez-Cascón
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ramos
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Solano-Gallego
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gállego
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Portús
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Arboix
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Alberola
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000965:Antimony / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy*; D004285:Dogs; D007896:Leishmaniasis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000662:veterinary*; D008081:Liposomes; D008297:Male
chemical_list: D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D008081:Liposomes; D000965:Antimony