title: Subcellular localization of angiotensin II in kidney and adrenal.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate whether tissue angiotensin II generation occurs intra- or extracellularly, we studied the subcellular localization of angiotensin II in kidney and adrenal, two organs with high endogenous angiotensin II concentrations.
  
  
  METHODS
  Tissues were obtained, following a 1 h infusion of 125I-angiotensin I or 125I-angiotensin II to simultaneously determine the localization of plasma-derived angiotensin II, from five control pigs and four pigs that had been pretreated with the AT1 receptor antagonist eprosartan. Subcellular organelles, prepared by differential centrifugation from homogenized tissue, were characterized using organelle-specific markers.
  
  
  RESULTS
  125I-angiotensin II and angiotensin II were present in all organelles, with identical distribution profiles. In mitochondria-enriched fractions the relative specific activities [RSAs = (concentration per mg protein in fraction)/(concentration per mg protein in homogenate)] of the two peptides were similar to those in homogenate, whereas in cytosol-enriched fractions their RSAs were five- to 10-fold lower (P< 0.05 versus homogenate). In microsome- as well as in lysosome-enriched fractions the RSAs of 125I-angiotensin II and angiotensin II were two- to four-fold higher than in homogenate (P < 0.05), and their RSAs were also higher in renal nuclei-enriched fractions (P< 0.05). Eprosartan increased plasma angiotensin II to a larger degree than tissue angiotensin II and greatly reduced tissue 125I-angiotensin II. This led to similar decreases in the tissue/plasma concentration ratios of 125I-angiotensin II and angiotensin II. The subcellular distribution of both angiotensin II peptides was not affected by eprosartan.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Local angiotensin II synthesis in adrenal and kidney occurs predominantly extracellularly, and is followed by rapid AT1 receptor-mediated endocytosis, thereby leading to high intracellular angiotensin II levels.
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Research Institute Erasmus University Rotterdam (COEUR), Department of Internal Medicine I, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: van Kats
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: van Meegen
authors.forename: P D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Verdouw
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Duncker
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Schalekamp
authors.forename: A H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Danser
mesh_terms: D000179:Acrylates / Q000494:pharmacology; D000311:Adrenal Glands / Q000378:metabolism*; D000804:Angiotensin II / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D057911:Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists; D000818:Animals; D005260:Female; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D007668:Kidney / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D013347:Subcellular Fractions / Q000378:metabolism*; D013552:Swine; D013876:Thiophenes; D014018:Tissue Distribution
chemical_list: D000179:Acrylates; D057911:Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists; D007093:Imidazoles; D013876:Thiophenes; D000804:Angiotensin II; C068373:eprosartan