title: Diagnostic value of effluent endotoxin level in gram-negative peritonitis in CAPD patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the diagnostic usefulness of effluent endotoxin by Limulus amoebocyte lysate (LAL) assay in gram-negative peritonitis patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) therapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective study with patients serving as their own controls. Standard microbiologic work up and endotoxin analysis of effluents (night dwell) were done during the pre- and posttreatment phases.
  
  
  METHODS
  Specimens from three teaching hospitals were processed and tested at a common center. Patients were left for treatment at their respective centers without intervention.
  
  
  METHODS
  32 clinical peritonitis and 40 infection-free CAPD patients were studied.
  
  
  RESULTS
  75% (n = 24) of cultures were positive: 41.6% (n = 10) gram-negative and 58.4% (n = 14) gram-positive bacteria. Effluents of pre- and posttreated gram-negative cultures had endotoxin levels of 1.53 +/- 0.169 and 0.214 +/- 0.085 endotoxin units (EU)/mL, respectively (p < 0.0001); pre- and posttreated gram-positive levels of 0.102 +/- 0.06 and 0.122 +/- 0.052 EU/mL, respectively (p > 0.05); pre- and posttreated culture-negative peritonitis levels of 0.110 +/- 6.025 and 0.087 +/- 0.031 EU/mL, respectively (p > 0.05); peritonitis-free effluents contained 0.117 +/- 0.079 EU/mL. The diagnostic specificity and the sensitivity of LAL assay were 100% and 98.2% respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Where initial microbiological work-up cannot demonstrate a pathogen, effluent endotoxin determined by quantitative LAL assay is a useful marker for diagnosis and management, within safe time limits, of gram-negative peritonitis in CAPD patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Marmara University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey. drkom@hotmail.com
authors.forename: K O
authors.initials: KO
authors.lastname: Muhammed
authors.forename: Q
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Ozener
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Akoglu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001202:Ascitic Fluid / Q000737:chemistry*; D004731:Endotoxins / Q000032:analysis*; D005260:Female; D016905:Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology; D016908:Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections / Q000175:diagnosis; D006801:Humans; D008033:Limulus Test; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010531:Peritoneal Dialysis, Continuous Ambulatory / Q000009:adverse effects*; D010538:Peritonitis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology / Q000382:microbiology; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012372:ROC Curve; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
chemical_list: D004731:Endotoxins