title: A novel microplate agglutination method for blood grouping and reverse typing without the need for centrifugation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Current agglutination tests and solid-phase adherence methods, employed as the techniques for RBC typing and antibody screening, require centrifugation and washing steps. This report describes a novel agglutination method for forward and reverse grouping that is based on the formation of an RBC monolayer on a microplate without the need for centrifugation and washing.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a comparative study, 2225 samples from healthy regular blood donors were tested for ABO, Rh (D, C, c, E, and e), K, and reverse grouping, in parallel, by the new microplate agglutination method and a commercially available blood testing system, which served as a reference method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the case of forward grouping, 0.37 percent of samples tested were false negative in the new method and 1.35 percent tested false negative in the reference blood testing system. In addition, the reverse grouping reference method showed 0.4 percent false-positive and 2.6 percent false-negative results. In contrast, the new method gave false-positive results in only 0.09 percent and false-negative results in 0.67 percent of the cases tested.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results, as well as the possibility of adapting this method to a fully automated system, suggest that our novel agglutination method could be an important contribution to the field of immunohematology.
authors.affiliation: Red Cross Blood Service of Baden-Württemberg, Mannheim, Germany.
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Spindler
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Klüter
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kerowgan
mesh_terms: D001788:Blood Grouping and Crossmatching / Q000379:methods*; D002448:Cell Adhesion; D002498:Centrifugation; D006384:Hemagglutination; D006801:Humans