title: Ventral approach to the rat middle ear for otologic research.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe a simple approach to the rat middle ear because there are few clear descriptions of this technique with minimal morbidity and mortality.
  
  
  METHODS
  Six male Long-Evans rats were used in this study. We designed a cervical approach to the middle ear with the purpose of creating an experimental model of ossiculoplasty that permits the postoperative survival of the animal.
  
  
  RESULTS
  It was possible in all cases to visualize the majority of structures of the tympanic cavity: promontory, round window, stapedial artery, stapes, incus, and tympanic membrane. There were no cases of postoperative infection or facial paralysis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The ventral approach to the rat middle ear is a rapid and simple technique that makes the rat the animal of choice for many otologic investigations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Clínica Puerta de Hierro, Universidad Autónoma, Madrid, Spain. mpinilla@hpth.insalud.es
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pinilla
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ramírez-Camacho
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Jorge
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Trinidad
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vergara
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004432:Ear, Middle / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D023421:Models, Animal; D013506:Otologic Surgical Procedures; D051381:Rats; D020318:Rats, Long-Evans