title: Lack of effect of psychosocial stress on maternal corticotropin-releasing factor and catecholamine levels at 28 weeks' gestation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) and catecholamines are among the major hormones activated during the adaptive response to stressful stimuli. In pregnant women, serum CRF and catecholamines levels increase during labor and preterm delivery. The aim of the present study was to evaluate whether psychosocial stress measures are correlated with serum CRF or urinary catecholamine [ie, epinephrine, norepinephrine (NE), dopamine (DA)] levels in healthy midtrimester pregnant women.
  
  
  METHODS
  A large group of white pregnant women (n = 382) participated in the present study. The Work Conditions Questionnaire and the Psychiatric Epidemiology Research Interview were administered to measure job stress and general life stress, respectively. Urine and blood specimens were collected at 28 weeks of gestation at the time of psychosocial evaluation. Epinephrine, NE, and DA were quantified in the urine by a highly sensitive method based on an amperometric detector. Serum CRF and cortisol levels were measured in blood specimens by using specific radioimmunoassays.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Serum CRF and cortisol levels did not vary between patients with high and low scores on psychological tests, and no correlation was found between CRF and cortisol levels. One job stress measure, low job latitude, was significantly associated with a mild increase in NE and DA levels in the afternoon and night (P < .05, analysis of variance). Serum cortisol levels were inversely correlated with NE in the morning (r = -0.447; P =.002) and night segments (r = -0.391; P = .007) and with DA in the night period (r = -0.367; P = .013).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The absence of a significant relationship between CRF/cortisol and psychosocial stress measures in pregnant women suggests that the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal response to psychosocial stress may be masked at midtrimester by the constantly high levels of placental CRF, whose control is beyond the influence of environmental stressors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Siena, Siena, Italy. petraglia@unisi.it
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Petraglia
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Hatch
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lapinski
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Stomati
authors.forename: F M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Reis
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cobellis
authors.forename: G S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Berkowitz
mesh_terms: D002395:Catecholamines / Q000652:urine*; D002940:Circadian Rhythm; D003346:Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone / Q000097:blood*; D004298:Dopamine / Q000652:urine; D004837:Epinephrine / Q000652:urine; D005260:Female; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000097:blood; D009638:Norepinephrine / Q000652:urine; D009790:Occupations; D011247:Pregnancy; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000097:blood*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D002395:Catecholamines; D003346:Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone; D004298:Dopamine; D006854:Hydrocortisone; D009638:Norepinephrine; D004837:Epinephrine