title: Left ventricular function and hemodynamic features of inappropriate left ventricular hypertrophy in patients with systemic hypertension: the LIFE study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Predicted left ventricular (LV) mass for sex, height (2.7), and hemodynamic load can be used as an intrapatient reference for the observed LV mass. The ratio of observed/predicted LV mass may allow more physiologically correct comparisons of LV geometry, systolic and diastolic functions, and hemodynamics among hypertensive patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied 659 participants in the LIFE (Losartan Intervention for Endpoint Reduction in Hypertension) study with both electrocardiographic and echocardiographic LV hypertrophy (68% of the echocardiographic cohort) without previous myocardial infarction. LV mass was predicted by an equation including sex, stroke work, and height (2.7). Observed/predicted LV mass > 128% defined inappropriate LV hypertrophy (iLVH). Relative wall thickness > or = 0.43 defined concentric LV geometry. Systolic myocardial dysfunction was assessed by midwall mechanics and abnormal LV relaxation by isovolumic relaxation time (IVRT).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with patients with appropriate LV hypertrophy (aLVH), those with iLVH had higher body mass index, LV mass index, relative wall thickness, prevalences of systolic myocardial dysfunction and prolonged IVRT and lower end-systolic stress and cardiac index. Patients with eccentric iLVH had the highest wall stress and lowest ejection fraction; 43% had systolic myocardial dysfunction. Of patients with concentric iLVH, 79% had systolic myocardial dysfunction but normal ejection fraction and the lowest wall stress. Systolic myocardial dysfunction was present in 12% with concentric aLVH and none with eccentric aLVH. Prevalence of prolonged IVRT was high in all 4 groups (65% to 77%). Cardiac index was similarly lower with concentric or eccentric iLVH than with aLVH.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Among hypertensives with LV hypertrophy, iLVH identified cardiac phenotypes with a high prevalence of myocardial systolic dysfunction.
authors.affiliation: Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, USA. vpalmier@med.cornell.edu
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Palmieri
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wachtell
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Gerdts
authors.forename: J N
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Bella
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Papademetriou
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tuxen
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Nieminen
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Dahlöf
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: de Simone
authors.forename: R B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Devereux
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018450:Disease Progression; D015150:Echocardiography, Doppler; D004562:Electrocardiography; D005260:Female; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000187:drug effects / Q000503:physiopathology; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology*; D017379:Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D019808:Losartan / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D016277:Ventricular Function, Left / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D019808:Losartan