title: A single dose of methadone inhibits cytochrome P-4503A activity in healthy volunteers as assessed by the urinary cortisol ratio.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the effect of a single oral dose of methadone on cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A activity using the urinary 6beta-hydroxycortisol to cortisol ratio (UCR) as a marker of CYP3A activity.
  
  
  METHODS
  A single oral dose (0.2 mg kg-1) of rac-methadone was administered to eight healthy female volunteers. Frequent blood samples and all urine over seven time periods was collected for 96 h following dosing. The UCR and the concentration of the major CYP3A metabolite of methadone, EDDP, were measured in urine. Methadone enantiomer concentrations were determined in plasma and urine. All quantifications were performed by validated high performance liquid chromatography assays.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In all volunteers a significant decline of the UCR from immediately predose values was observed at the 4-8 and 8-12 h collection periods (P < 0.05, 95% CI for the differences: 0.4,16 and 0.6,16, respectively) with a return to immediately predose values after 2-3 days, suggesting methadone was an inhibitor of CYP3A. The UCR was found to be significantly correlated with the amount of EDDP excreted in the urine and with the area under the plasma concentration vs time profile for total (R + S) methadone, supporting in vitro data that CYP3A is primarily responsible for EDDP formation and has a significant influence on methadone disposition.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Methadone appears to be a CYP3A inhibitor in vivo following a single oral dose and measurements of the urinary cortisol ratio appear to be a useful index to follow this inhibition.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Drug Disposition and Pharmacogenetics, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Sciences and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston 29425, USA.
authors.forename: D W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Boulton
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Arnaud
authors.forename: C L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: DeVane
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D019540:Area Under Curve; D001189:Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D051544:Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A; D065607:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme Inhibitors; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000652:urine*; D008691:Methadone / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009294:Narcotics / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010089:Oxidoreductases, N-Demethylating / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism; D011759:Pyrrolidines / Q000652:urine
chemical_list: D065607:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme Inhibitors; D009294:Narcotics; D011759:Pyrrolidines; C001380:6 beta-hydroxycortisol; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System; D001189:Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases; D051544:Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A; D010089:Oxidoreductases, N-Demethylating; D008691:Methadone; D006854:Hydrocortisone; C010724:2-ethylidene-1,5-dimethyl-3,3-diphenylpyrrolidine