title: Snapping plicae associated with radiocapitellar chondromalacia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Painful snapping of the elbow joint is usually attributed to intra-articular loose bodies, instability, or medial dislocation of the triceps muscle over the medial epicondyle. We report our experience with 14 patients who were treated arthroscopically for snapping elbow that was found to be caused by hypertrophic synovial folds associated with radiocapitellar chondromalacia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Case series.
  
  
  METHODS
  The records of 14 patients who were treated arthroscopically for painful snapping elbows caused by intra-articular plicae were reviewed. There were 6 women and 8 men with an average age of 36 years (range, 27 to 48 years). Nine patients had had some type of trauma to the joint. Four patients had been previously diagnosed with lateral epicondylitis and 5 with intra-articular loose bodies. The average time from initial onset of symptoms to treatment was 13 months (range, 8 to 36 months). Average follow-up was 24 months (range, 6 to 66 months).
  
  
  RESULTS
  All patients complained of painful snapping in the posterolateral or anterolateral aspect of the elbow. The snapping occurred between 90 degrees and 110 degrees of flexion with the forearm in pronation. In 7 patients, the snapping was reproducible by passively flexing the pronated elbow, which we refer to as the flexion-pronation test. At the time of arthroscopic surgery, all patients had a thickened synovial plica that would snap back and forward over the radial head, usually associated with a chondromalacic area on the radial head. Twelve patients had complete relief of their snapping after surgery. One patient in whom there was associated posterolateral rotatory elbow instability did not improve. One patient became asymptomatic for 4 years but then had recurrence of her symptoms, which persisted despite 2 subsequent arthroscopies.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The presence of synovial plicae in the radiocapitellar joint must be considered in the differential diagnosis of painful snapping elbow. Arthroscopy confirms the diagnosis and allows excision of the plica.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, U.S.A.
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Antuna
authors.forename: S W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: O'Driscoll
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001182:Arthroscopy; D002357:Cartilage Diseases / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D004551:Elbow Joint / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D006984:Hypertrophy; D007593:Joint Instability / Q000209:etiology* / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D000074402:Synovectomy; D013583:Synovial Membrane / Q000473:pathology*; D013585:Synovitis / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis; D016896:Treatment Outcome