title: Associations of symptoms and health-related quality of life: findings from a national study of persons with HIV infection.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Health-related quality of life refers to how well people are able to perform daily activities (functioning) and how they feel about their lives (well-being). The relationship between symptoms and health-related quality of life has not been fully explored.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To estimate the association of HIV symptoms with health-related quality of life and with disability days.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective cohort study.
  
  
  METHODS
  HIV providers in 28 urban and 24 rural randomly selected sites throughout the United States.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nationally representative sample of 2267 adults with known HIV infection who were interviewed in 1996 and again between 1997 and 1998.
  
  
  METHODS
  Symptoms, two single-item global measures of health-related quality of life (perceived health and perceived quality of life), and disability days.
  
  
  RESULTS
  White patches in the mouth; nausea or loss of appetite; persistent cough, difficulty breathing, or difficulty catching one's breath; and weight loss were associated with more disability days and worse scores on both health-related quality-of-life measures. Headache; pain in the mouth, lips, or gums; dry mouth; and sinus infection, pain, or discharge were associated with worse perceived health. Pain in the mouth, lips, or gums; trouble with eyes; pain, numbness, or tingling of hands or feet; and diarrhea or loose or watery stools were associated with worse perceived quality of life. Headache and fever, sweats, or chills were associated with more disability days.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Several symptoms are associated with worse health-related quality of life and more disability days in persons with HIV infection. In such patients, targeting specific symptoms may improve health-related quality of life and reduce disability.
authors.affiliation: Division of General Internal Medicine, Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, 11303 Wilshire Boulevard, Code 111-G, Los Angeles, CA 90073, USA. klorenz@ucla.edu
authors.forename: K A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Lorenz
authors.forename: M F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Shapiro
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Asch
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Bozzette
authors.forename: R D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Hays
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010465:Perception; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011788:Quality of Life; D012044:Regression Analysis; D014481:United States