title: Systematic transperineal ultrasound guided template biopsy of the prostate in patients at high risk.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A negative biopsy result does not necessarily equate with cancer in specific high risk groups. We describe an alternative systematic biopsy technique for evaluating this subgroup of patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  From March 1997 to May 1999 a total of 88 men underwent systematic ultrasound guided biopsy using the transperineal template technique. All patients had undergone at least 1 and 75 (85%) had undergone 2 or more previous sets of biopsies. In addition, study inclusion required high risk parameters, including prostate specific antigen (PSA) velocity greater than 0.75 ng./ml., PSA greater than 10 ng./ml. or previous prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia on biopsy, and/or atypical small cell acinar proliferation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cancer was identified in 38 of the 88 men (43%) in this high risk subgroup undergoing repeat biopsy. A mean of 15.1 previous biopsy cores had been obtained. The most common biopsy grade was 6 (range 4 to 9). Adenocarcinoma was identified in the transition zone area in 29 of 38 cases (76%), including 15 (39%) in which disease was detected in the transition zone only. Persistent PSA acceleration greater than 0.75 ng./ml. was the major indicator for transperineal template biopsy in 83 of the 88 patients (94%). The only significant independent variable predictive of positive biopsy was prostate volume. Mean prostate volume in the positive and negative biopsy groups was 48 and 73 gm., respectively (p <0.001). Complications were rare and self-limiting, consisting primarily of hematuria and urinary retention requiring overnight catheterization in 2 patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Systematic transperineal template biopsy of the prostate is a safe and precise repeat biopsy technique in patients who remain at high risk for adenocarcinoma.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Mayo Clinic Jacksonville, Jacksonville, Florida, USA.
authors.forename: T C
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Igel
authors.forename: M K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Knight
authors.forename: P R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Young
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Wehle
authors.forename: S P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Petrou
authors.forename: G A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Broderick
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Marino
authors.forename: R O
authors.initials: RO
authors.lastname: Parra
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000175:diagnosis; D000368:Aged; D001706:Biopsy / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011467:Prostate / Q000473:pathology*; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000032:analysis; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis*; D012307:Risk Factors; D018084:Ultrasonography, Interventional
chemical_list: D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen