Intrauterine transmission of cytomegalovirus to infants of women with preconceptional immunity.
BACKGROUND
Preconceptional immunity against cytomegalovirus (CMV) provides only partial protection against intrauterine transmission of the virus. Whether congenital CMV infection in the offspring of women who are seropositive for CMV can occur after maternal reinfection with a different strain of CMV is unknown.


METHODS
Serum specimens from 46 women with preconceptional immunity against CMV that were obtained during the previous pregnancy and the current pregnancy were analyzed for antibodies against the strain-specific epitopes of CMV glycoprotein H. Virus-neutralizing activity in maternal serum samples was measured against the AD169 laboratory strain of CMV and the CMV isolates available from seven infected infants. In addition, the nucleotide sequences of the glycoprotein H gene from the seven CMV isolates were determined.


RESULTS
Eleven of the 16 mothers with infected infants (69 percent) had antibodies against the glycoprotein H epitopes present on two laboratory strains of CMV, AD169 and Towne. Ten of the 16 mothers with infected children (62 percent) acquired new antibody specificities against glycoprotein H, as compared with only 4 of the 30 mothers of uninfected infants (13 percent, P<0.001). The samples obtained at the time of the current delivery from four of the seven mothers contained at least twice as many neutralizing antibodies against the CMV isolated from their infants as were present in the samples obtained at the previous delivery. The specificity of the newly acquired maternal antibodies reflected the amino acid sequence of the glycoprotein H epitope of CMV from these four infants.


CONCLUSIONS
In women who are seropositive for CMV, reinfection with a different strain of CMV can lead to intrauterine transmission and symptomatic congenital infection.
Boppana
S B
SB
Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 35233, USA. sboppana@peds.uab.edu
Rivera
L B
LB
Fowler
K B
KB
Mach
M
M
Britt
W J
WJ
D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood*; D003587:Cytomegalovirus / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D003586:Cytomegalovirus Infections / Q000151:congenital / Q000276:immunology / Q000635:transmission* / Q000821:virology; D000939:Epitopes / Q000276:immunology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000097:blood; D018445:Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D011247:Pregnancy; D014759:Viral Envelope Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology
D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D000939:Epitopes; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D014759:Viral Envelope Proteins; C071440:glycoprotein H, Cytomegalovirus; C499358:glycoprotein H, Human cytomegalovirus