title: Calcium-channel antagonists and nitrates in coronary artery bypass patients receiving radial artery grafts.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To review the literature assessing the role of vasodilators for the prevention of vasospasm leading to graft failure in patients receiving the radial artery (RA) as a conduit in coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG).
  
  
  METHODS
  A MEDLINE search (January 1966-May 2000) was performed using calcium-channel antagonists, nitrates, radial artery, and coronary artery bypass as key words. English-language articles were identified, and the references of these articles were used to further identify pertinent articles.
  
  
  RESULTS
  RAs can be used as conduits in CABG. It has been suggested that failure of these grafts may be due to vasospasm, leading to occlusion observed angiographically. Calcium-channel antagonists and nitrates have been proposed as a means of preventing vasospasm and subsequent graft failure.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Currently published data on the use of calcium-channel antagonist or nitrate therapy as prophylaxis against vasospasm in patients receiving RA grafts are inconclusive. Systematic evaluations of currently available pharmacologic agents are needed to guide clinical practice in this area.
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmacy, University of Toledo, OH, USA. kalusjs@musc.edu
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Kalus
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Lober
mesh_terms: D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001026:Coronary Artery Bypass; D004110:Diltiazem / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006084:Graft Rejection / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006801:Humans; D009566:Nitrates / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017534:Radial Artery
chemical_list: D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers; D009566:Nitrates; D004110:Diltiazem