title: Toe transfer in congenital hand malformations.
abstract: Fifty-eight patients with congenital hand abnormalities underwent 65 toe-to-hand transfers. Symbrachydactyly (51 cases) was the most frequent indication. Forty-seven second toe-to-hand transfers were performed in 44 patients. The mean follow-up time was 5.2 years. Two failures occurred in cases in which only one artery was anastomosed; no failures were noted when more than one artery fed the transfer. Two patients with a single second-toe transfer presented with lateral instability of the transferred metatarsophalangeal joint. The mean active range of motion was 38 degrees, with a mean extension lag of 25 degrees. The mean two-point discrimination was 5 mm. Forty-one patients used the transferred toe well, when performing activities of daily living and playing games. Toe-to-hand transfer, prior to the establishment of the grip pattern, facilitates integration of the transfer.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Foucher
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Medina
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Navarro
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Nagel
mesh_terms: D002675:Child, Preschool; D006228:Hand Deformities, Congenital / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008866:Microsurgery; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014034:Toes / Q000637:transplantation*; D014182:Transplantation, Autologous; D016896:Treatment Outcome