title: Clinical stage IEA-IIEA orbital lymphomas: outcomes in the era of modern staging and treatment.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The present study examines outcomes in patients with primary orbital lymphomas who underwent complete staging.
  
  
  METHODS
  From 1978 to 1997, 21 adult patients at the M.D. Anderson Cancer Center had stage IEA-IIEA orbital non-Hodgkin's lymphomas based on staging that included computed tomography scans. Sixteen (76%) patients had working formulation low-grade lymphomas, and five (24%) had aggressive lymphomas. Fourteen of 16 (88%) patients with low-grade lymphomas were treated with radiotherapy alone, and four of five (80%) patients with aggressive lymphomas were treated using combination chemotherapy with or without radiotherapy. Total radiotherapy doses ranged from 30.0 to 40.0 Gy using daily 1.5-2.0 Gy fractions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The median follow-up was 84 months. For the low-grade lymphomas, the 5-year local control, progression-free survival, and overall survival rates were 100, 100, and 92%, respectively. For the seven low-grade lymphomas treated with radiotherapy alone to 30.0 Gy in 20 fractions, the 5-year local control, progression-free, and overall survival rates were 100, 100, and 75%, respectively. The 5-year incidence of complications, which were typically mild, in eyes irradiated to 30 Gy in 20 fractions versus higher biologically effective doses were 25 and 38%, respectively (P = 0.62). Of the five patients with aggressive lymphomas, none of the four who underwent chemotherapy with or without radiotherapy relapsed (all four remain alive), whereas the one treated with radiotherapy alone for stage IEA disease experienced a distant relapse.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In patients with low-grade lymphomas, a good therapeutic ratio was obtained with low-dose radiotherapy alone. In patients with aggressive lymphomas, chemotherapy with or without radiotherapy resulted in excellent local control, progression-free survival, and overall survival; however, the statistical power was limited.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030-4009, USA.
authors.forename: C E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Pelloski
authors.forename: R B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Wilder
authors.forename: C S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Ha
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Hess
authors.forename: F F
authors.initials: FF
authors.lastname: Cabanillas
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Cox
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008228:Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000401:mortality / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D009918:Orbital Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000401:mortality / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D011878:Radiotherapy / Q000009:adverse effects; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016019:Survival Analysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome