title: Normalization of ventricular repolarization with flecainide in long QT syndrome patients with SCN5A:DeltaKPQ mutation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The Long QT Syndrome (LQTS) is a genetic channelopathy with life-threatening implications. The LQT3 form of this disease is caused by mutations of the SCN5A sodium-channel gene. A specific mutation, SCN5A:DeltaKPQ, is associated with repetitive reopenings of the sodium channel and prolonged inward current. This dominant inward current is manifest on the electrocardiogram as QT prolongation. Flecainide is a potent blocker of the open sodium channel.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The effect of flecainide on the duration of the QT-interval and the T-wave morphology was systematically evaluated in five male patients age 2-64 years having the SCN5A:DeltaKPQ mutation. After baseline electrocardiograms were obtained, low-dose oral flecainide was administered for 48 hours. Serial electrocardiograms and blood flecainide levels were obtained during flecainide therapy. The QTc interval decreased on average by 104 ms, from a baseline value of 565 +/- 60 ms to 461 +/- 23 ms (P < 0.04) at a mean flecainide level of 0.28 +/- 0.08 mg/L, with shortening of the QTonset interval (P < 0.003) and normalization of T-wave morphology. The effects of flecainide were compared with oral mexiletine in two patients, with flecainide showing greater QTc shortening and more complete normalization of repolarization. No adverse side effects or proarrhythmia were observed with flecainide in this study.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Low-dose, oral flecainide consistently shortened the QTc interval and normalized the repolarization T-wave pattern in five LQT3 patients with SCN5A:DeltaKPQ mutation. This preliminary study indicates that low-dose flecainide is a promising therapeutic agent for LQTS patients with the SCN5A:DeltaKPQ sodium channel mutation.
authors.affiliation: University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA. jrwindle@unmc.edu
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Windle
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Geletka
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Moss
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zareba
authors.forename: D L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Atkins
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000889:Anti-Arrhythmia Agents / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D016903:Drug Monitoring; D004562:Electrocardiography; D005424:Flecainide / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D008133:Long QT Syndrome / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D008801:Mexiletine / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008875:Middle Aged; D009154:Mutation / Q000235:genetics; D062554:NAV1.5 Voltage-Gated Sodium Channel; D010865:Pilot Projects; D015222:Sodium Channels / Q000235:genetics; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D016276:Ventricular Function / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D000889:Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; D062554:NAV1.5 Voltage-Gated Sodium Channel; C568320:SCN5A protein, human; D015222:Sodium Channels; D008801:Mexiletine; D005424:Flecainide