title: The pitfalls of transthoracic echocardiography. A case of eustachian valve endocarditis.
abstract: A case of infective endocarditis involving the vestigial eustachian valve is presented and the available English medical literature is reviewed. Only 5 prior cases have been reported: 4 of those required transesophageal echocardiography for diagnosis, and the other was found at autopsy. This clinical entity is routinely missed on transthoracic echocardiography. Injection drug use is a common predisposing factor, and Staphylococcus aureus is the most commonly identified organism. This report broadens the differential diagnosis of endovascular infections in injection drug users and highlights the importance of transesophageal echocardiography for diagnosis in selected patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Sinai Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland 21215, USA.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bowers
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Krimsky
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Gradon
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017548:Echocardiography, Transesophageal / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004697:Endocarditis, Bacterial / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology* / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D006330:Heart Defects, Congenital / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery; D019918:Heart Valve Prosthesis Implantation; D006351:Heart Valves / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery; D012086:Reoperation; D013203:Staphylococcal Infections / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology* / Q000601:surgery; D014262:Tricuspid Valve Insufficiency / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery