title: Attention processes in children with shunted hydrocephalus versus attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder.
abstract: Children with congenital hydrocephalus, children with attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder, and normal controls were evaluated with measures of focused attention (Visual Orienting and Detection Task), sustained attention (continuous performance test), and attention shifting (Wisconsin Card Sorting Test). Components from these tasks have been linked to attention systems mediated by anterior or posterior brain networks. Children with congenital hydrocephalus showed an inability to focus and shift attention, which specifically implicated impairment of the disengage and move components of the posterior brain attention system. Children with attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder displayed the expected performance patterns on measures of focused attention once their difficulties with sustained attention were taken into account. However, they showed problems with shifting and sustaining attention, which are commonly associated with the anterior brain attention system.
authors.affiliation: Center for Pediatric Neuropsychology, Le Bonheur Children's Hospital and University of Tennessee, Memphis, USA.
authors.forename: V R
authors.initials: VR
authors.lastname: Brewer
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Fletcher
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hiscock
authors.forename: K C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Davidson
mesh_terms: D000124:Achievement; D000293:Adolescent; D001288:Attention / Q000502:physiology*; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001921:Brain / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000601:surgery; D002557:Cerebrospinal Fluid Shunts; D002648:Child; D003463:Cues; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006849:Hydrocephalus / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D011930:Reaction Time; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D014794:Visual Fields / Q000502:physiology; D014888:Wechsler Scales