title: Copper toxicosis in the Bedlington terrier: a diagnostic dilemma.
abstract: Diagnosis of copper toxicosis (CT) in Bedlington terriers by the quantitative and qualitative assessment of copper (Cu) in, and pathology of, biopsies has been largely superseded by a DNA-based assay which uses a microsatellite marker (C04107) linked to the CT disease allele. A retrospective study was conducted comprising 154 liver biopsies from Bedlington terriers with 22 matched DNA markers to compare the two methods in the diagnosis of CT. For the biopsy method, three categories (phenotypes) were identified based on analytical and morphological criteria: 'unaffected' in 83 samples (54 per cent), where Cu was much less than 400 microg/g, and there was an absence of visual Cu or liver damage; 'intermediate' in 18 samples (12 per cent), where Cu was less than 400 microg/g, and there was limited histochemical Cu and no/equivocal damage; and 'affected' in 53 samples (34 per cent), where Cu was greater than 400 microg/g, there was histochemical Cu and liver damage was poorly related to Cu content. In the DNA assay, which was used alone on unrelated individuals, the microsatellite marker failed to identify the CT status of any of the groups. Liver biopsy remains a reliable indicator of Cu accumulation and progressive liver disease in individual dogs. The microsatellite marker C04107 has a predictive value only when supported by a pedigree.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Pathology, University of Liverpool.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Haywood
authors.forename: I C
authors.initials: IC
authors.lastname: Fuentealba
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Kemp
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Trafford
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001706:Biopsy / Q000662:veterinary; D003300:Copper / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000506:poisoning*; D004247:DNA / Q000032:analysis; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics*; D004285:Dogs; D005260:Female; D005819:Genetic Markers; D005838:Genotype; D008099:Liver / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008107:Liver Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics / Q000662:veterinary*; D008297:Male; D018895:Microsatellite Repeats; D010641:Phenotype; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012189:Retrospective Studies
chemical_list: D005819:Genetic Markers; D003300:Copper; D004247:DNA