title: Control of chemical risks during the treatment of soil contaminated with chlorophenol, creosote and copper-chrome-arsenic-wood preservatives.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Exposure to chemicals in polluted soil was studied during the remediation of four polluted sites. They are sawmill areas contaminated with chlorophenols and polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and furanes (PCDD/F), wood impregnating plants contaminated with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) from creosote oil, old gas works area contaminated with PAH, and a wood impregnation plant contaminated with copper-chromium-arsenic (CCA) preservative.
  
  
  METHODS
  The exposure levels were determined by both air and biological monitoring.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Air monitoring showed that the exposure levels were generally well below the current occupational exposure limits. The calculations indicated, however, that the lowest acceptable daily intake value recommended for PCDD/F by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency was exceeded. Chlorophenol exposure was generally low. Exposure to volatile PAH was 0.038-0.884 mg/m(3) and that to particulate PAH was 0.004-0.183 mg/m(3). The biomonitoring results (urinary 1-pyrenol) suggested that some exposure occurs, probably through the contamination of hands or skin absorption. At the sites contaminated with CCA salts, no exposure limits were exceeded.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results generally suggest that the exposure of cleanup workers is generally below the current occupational exposure limits but that short-term high exposure cannot be excluded. There was also some indication of poor skin protection, which should be improved when soil contaminated with PAH and creosote oil is handled.
authors.affiliation: Tampere Regional Institute of Occupational Health, PO Box 486, FIN 33101 Tampere, Finland. eero.priha@vyh.fi
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Priha
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Ahonen
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Oksa
mesh_terms: D001151:Arsenic / Q000032:analysis / Q000652:urine; D002733:Chlorophenols / Q000032:analysis / Q000652:urine; D003300:Copper / Q000032:analysis / Q000652:urine; D003407:Creosote / Q000032:analysis / Q000652:urine; D003666:Decontamination / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008452:Maximum Allowable Concentration; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000032:analysis*; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000032:analysis* / Q000652:urine
chemical_list: D002733:Chlorophenols; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D003300:Copper; D003407:Creosote; D001151:Arsenic