title: Nephrotic edema.
abstract: This article starts with a concise synopsis of the history of edema. The role of underfilling, overflow, antidiuretic hormone, and acquaporins is subsequently discussed. Emphasis is given to the use of diuretics in edematous patients. The role and risks of albumin infusion are illustrated. The new hypothesis of pulse reverse osmosis is discussed. The final section deals with the measurement of colloid osmotic pressure in the clinical setting.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy. nataleg.desanto@unina2.it
authors.forename: N G
authors.initials: NG
authors.lastname: De Santo
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Pollastro
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Saviano
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pascale
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Di Stasio
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Chiricone
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Cirillo
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Molino
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Stellato
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Frangiosa
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Favazzi
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Capodicasa
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bellini
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Anastasio
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Perna
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sepe
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cirillo
mesh_terms: D004487:Edema / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000503:physiopathology; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy*; D009404:Nephrotic Syndrome / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy