title: Hopelessness depression as a distinct dimension of depressive symptoms among clinical and non-clinical samples.
abstract: Subtyping depression has been an interest of theorists and clinicians for at least four centuries. In this paper, we examined the validity of the symptom cluster component of the hopelessness theory of depression. We used structural equation modeling analyses on large samples of psychiatric outpatients (N=1604, 844, and 680) and Air Force cadets (N=1404) who completed the items of the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). Findings were supportive of the hopelessness depression cluster as a distinct depressive syndrome. Implications for the nosology of depression and for depression theory were discussed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee 32306-1270, USA. joiner@psy.fsu.edu
authors.forename: T E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Joiner
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Steer
authors.forename: L Y
authors.initials: LY
authors.lastname: Abramson
authors.forename: L B
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: Alloy
authors.forename: G I
authors.initials: GI
authors.lastname: Metalsky
authors.forename: N B
authors.initials: NB
authors.lastname: Schmidt
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003863:Depression / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000145:classification / Q000523:psychology; D004644:Emotions; D005163:Factor Analysis, Statistical; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008961:Models, Structural; D010045:Outpatients; D013577:Syndrome