title: Maize endosperm secretes a novel antifungal protein into adjacent maternal tissue.
abstract: A series of endosperm transfer layer-specific transcripts has been identified in maize by differential screening of a cDNA library of transcripts at 10 days after pollination. Sequence comparisons revealed among this class of cDNAs a novel, small gene family of highly diverged sequences encoding basal layer antifungal proteins (BAPs). The bap genes mapped to two loci on chromosomes 4 and 10. So far, bap-homologous sequences have been detected only in maize, teosinte and sorghum, and are not present in grasses outside the Andropogoneae tribe. BAP2 is synthesized as a pre-proprotein, and is processed by successive removal of a signal peptide and a 29-residue prodomain. The proprotein can be detected exclusively in microsomal membrane-containing fractions of kernel extracts. Immunolocalization reveals BAP2 to be predominantly located in the placentochalazal cells of the pedicel, adjacent to the basal endosperm transfer layer (BETL) cells, although the BAP2 transcript is found only in the BETL cells. The biological roles of BAP2 propeptide and mature peptide have been investigated by heterologous expression of the proprotein in Escherichia coli, and by tests of its fungistatic activity and that of the fully processed form in vitro. The mature BAP2 peptide exhibits potent broad-range activity against a range of filamentous fungi, including several plant pathogens.
authors.affiliation: MPI für Züchtungsforschung, Carl-von-Linné Weg 10, D-50829 Köln, Germany.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Serna
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Maitz
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: O'Connell
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Santandrea
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Thevissen
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tienens
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hueros
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Faleri
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cai
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Lottspeich
authors.forename: R D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Thompson
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D001692:Biological Transport / Q000235:genetics; D018076:DNA, Complementary; D018744:DNA, Plant; D005658:Fungi / Q000187:drug effects; D017343:Genes, Plant; D017403:In Situ Hybridization; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D012639:Seeds / Q000166:cytology / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D015398:Signal Transduction; D014018:Tissue Distribution; D014157:Transcription Factors; D003313:Zea mays / Q000166:cytology / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000935:Antifungal Agents; C437089:BAP protein, Zea mays; C095309:BET1 protein, Zea mays; D018076:DNA, Complementary; D018744:DNA, Plant; D010940:Plant Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors