title: Hormone replacement therapy after treatment of breast cancer: effects on postmenopausal symptoms, bone mineral density and recurrence rates.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Breast cancer (BC) is the most frequent female carcinoma and the major cause of death in women aged 35--50 years. The total number of patients surviving BC and especially the morbidity rate of patients below the age of 55 years has increased significantly in the last several years. As a consequence, the number of BC patients suffering from the long-term effects of estrogen deficiency due to adjuvant treatment is increasing. At present, hormone replacement therapy (HRT) following BC treatment is applied individually and mainly depends on the severity of postmenopausal symptoms (PMS) experienced by these patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a retrospective study (total n = 185 BC patients, 64 with and 121 without HRT), the effect of HRT during or after adjuvant therapy [chemotherapy and/ or (anti-) hormonotherapy] has been investigated. The surveillance period was up to 60 months. Evaluated were HRT effects on (1) PMS measured by a comprehensive life quality questionnaire, (2) bone mineral density (BMD) measured by osteodensitometry and (3) morbidity as well as mortality rates.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both groups did not differ with regard to tumor stage, lymph node involvement, metastasis, grading, and steroid hormone receptor status. A reduction in PMS was significant in women taking HRT (p < 0.001), especially in the subgroup of women < or =50 years (p < 0.0001). For both age groups, the median reduction in BMD (z-score) was less in women receiving HRT (< or =50 years: without HRT -1.99 vs. with HRT -0.95, p < 0.05; >50 years: without HRT -2.29 vs. with HRT -1.19, p < 0.01). There were no statistically significant differences regarding morbidity and mortality (p = 0.29).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this study of BC patients, the use of HRT shows positive effects on PMS and BMD. There was no significant influence on morbidity or mortality. However, a reevaluation of HRT in the routine management of BC patients should await the results of prospective randomized trials.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Friedrich Alexander University, Erlangen, Germany.
authors.forename: M W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Beckmann
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Jap
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Djahansouzi
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Nestle-Krämling
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kuschel
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Dall
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Brumm
authors.forename: H G
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Bender
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015519:Bone Density / Q000187:drug effects*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D015914:Estrogen Replacement Therapy / Q000009:adverse effects; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; D017698:Postmenopause; D012189:Retrospective Studies