title: Increased expression of gamma-aminobutyric acid transporters GAT-1 and GAT-3 in the spinal trigeminal nucleus after facial carrageenan injections.
abstract: The present study aimed to elucidate the distribution of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) transporters in the spinal trigeminal nucleus after carrageenan injections. Dense GAT-1 and GAT-3 but very little GAT-2 immunoreactivity was observed in the normal rat spinal trigeminal nucleus. The GAT-1-positive glial cells in the normal rat spinal trigeminal nucleus contained dense bundles of glial filaments and had features of astrocytes. Some GAT-3-positive cells contained dense bundles of glial filaments and had features of astrocytes, whilst others lacked glial filaments, and contained dense marginated heterochromatin, and had features of oligodendrocyte precursor cells. An increase in immunoreactivity to both transporters was observed on the injected but not the contralateral side 3 days after facial carrageenan injections. In rats given three further weekly injections of carrageenan and killed 3 days after the fourth injection, further increases in GAT-1 and GAT-3 immunoreactivities were observed. Electron microscopy showed that transporter immunoreactivity in the spinal trigeminal nucleus of carrageenan-injected rats was predominantly present in glial processes, showing that the increase in the number of processes observed at light microscopy was due to increased immunoreactivity in glial processes. An increased expression of GABA transporters in the carrageenan-injected spinal trigeminal nucleus could therefore result in a faster removal of GABA from the synaptic cleft of GABAergic axon terminals compared to normal rats. This could result in reduced inhibition/increased activity of the trigeminothalamic neurons in the spinal trigeminal nucleus, and could contribute to hyperalgesia after carrageenan injections.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, National University of Singapore, 119260, Singapore, Singapore.
authors.forename: C H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Ng
authors.forename: W Y
authors.initials: WY
authors.lastname: Ong
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001253:Astrocytes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure; D002351:Carrageenan; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005145:Face; D050485:GABA Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins; D006930:Hyperalgesia / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000378:metabolism*; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins; D008854:Microscopy, Electron; D027361:Organic Anion Transporters; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D014277:Trigeminal Neuralgia / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000378:metabolism; D014279:Trigeminal Nucleus, Spinal / Q000737:chemistry / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D002352:Carrier Proteins; D050485:GABA Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins; D027361:Organic Anion Transporters; C493415:Slc6a1 protein, rat; C092004:Slc6a13 protein, rat; D002351:Carrageenan