title: Multicomponent treatment for blood-injury-injection phobia in a young man with mental retardation.
abstract: Blood-Injury-Injection Phobia (BIIP) is a subtype of specific phobia, characterized by fear and avoidance of seeing blood, an injury, or receiving an injection. In the current case report, we describe the treatment of BIIP in a young man with mental retardation. The multicomponent treatment consisted of fading (graduated exposure), modeling, noncontingent and differential reinforcement, presession anxiolytic medication, and topical analgesic cream.
authors.affiliation: The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA. Hagopian@kennedykrieger.org
authors.forename: L P
authors.initials: LP
authors.lastname: Hagopian
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Crockett
authors.forename: K M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Keeney
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001769:Blood; D005108:Extinction, Psychological / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007267:Injections; D008607:Intellectual Disability / Q000150:complications*; D008297:Male; D010698:Phobic Disorders / Q000150:complications* / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D014040:Token Economy; D014947:Wounds and Injuries