title: Ridogrel enemas in distal ulcerative colitis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effect of Ridogrel enemas (Janssen Research Foundation, Beerse, Belgium) on disease activity and mucosal inflammatory mediators in patients with active left-sided ulcerative colitis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eleven patients with active left-sided ulcerative colitis were evaluated in an open non-placebo-controlled pilot study. All patients were treated with Ridogrel enemas (300 mg/40 ml once daily) over four weeks. A disease activity score based on clinical, endoscopic and histological criteria was obtained before and after treatment with Ridogrel. The concentrations of thromboxane B2 (TxB2), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) were measured in mucosal biopsies before and after treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One patient discontinued treatment because of progression of disease, the other ten patients tolerated the Ridogrel enemas well. Mucosal TxB2 concentration decreased significantly in all patients. The mucosal concentrations of the other inflammatory mediators (PGE2, IL-6 and TNF-alpha) were unaltered. The disease score decreased in five patients. However, clinical improvement was not always associated with a decrease in endoscopic and/or histological scores.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This pilot study shows that Ridogrel enemas selectively reduce mucosal TxB2 concentration.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine and Pathology, Ikazia Hospital, Montessoriweg 1, 3083 AN Rotterdam, The Netherlands. auwerda@mdl.azr.nl
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Auwerda
authors.forename: F J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Zijlstra
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Tak
authors.forename: H F
authors.initials: HF
authors.lastname: van den Ingh
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Ouwendijk
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003093:Colitis, Ulcerative / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D015232:Dinoprostone / Q000032:analysis; D004733:Enema; D005260:Female; D005753:Gastric Mucosa / Q000737:chemistry / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000032:analysis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010421:Pentanoic Acids / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011725:Pyridines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D013930:Thromboxane-A Synthase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D015850:Interleukin-6; D010421:Pentanoic Acids; D011725:Pyridines; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D013930:Thromboxane-A Synthase; D015232:Dinoprostone; C060219:ridogrel