title: Single ventricle with systemic obstruction in early life: comparison of initial pulmonary artery banding versus the Norwood operation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The outcomes of initial pulmonary artery banding (PAB)+/-coarctation repair are compared with the Norwood operation in newborns with single ventricle (SV) and systemic obstruction (SO).
  
  
  METHODS
  Between January 1987 and July 2000, 22 patients (median age, 12 days) with SV and aortic arch obstruction (AAO), subaortic stenosis (SAS), or both underwent surgery. Two initial surgical approaches were used: PAB+/-coarctation repair (group I, seven patients); Norwood type operation (group II, 15 patients).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The overall mortality was 32% (seven of 22 patients). There was no late mortality. The mortality in group I was 43% versus 27% in group II. Recently, there has been no mortality following the Norwood operation in the last eight patients operated since 1995. Of the survivors, nine patients have undergone the Fontan operation and four patients have had the bidirectional Glenn (BDG) with no deaths. There was one repair of supravalvar aortic stenosis at the time of BDG in group II as opposed to eight reinterventions for SAS and/or AAO in four patients in group I (P=0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PAB+/-coarctation repair for SV and SO is associated with a high mortality and a high reoperation rate for SAS or recurrent AAO. Although the Norwood operation was also associated with a high mortality early on, it can now be performed with excellent outcome. This improvement, combined with a low reintervention rate for SAS or AAO, suggests that the Norwood operation is likely to emerge as the procedure of choice for SV and SO.
authors.affiliation: The Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. christo.tchervenkov@muhc.mcgill.ca
authors.forename: C I
authors.initials: CI
authors.lastname: Tchervenkov
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Shum-Tim
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Béland
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Jutras
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Platt
mesh_terms: D001017:Aortic Coarctation / Q000601:surgery; D001024:Aortic Valve Stenosis / Q000601:surgery*; D006348:Cardiac Surgical Procedures; D005260:Female; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000002:abnormalities*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D011651:Pulmonary Artery / Q000601:surgery*