title: Color/power Doppler sonographic differential diagnosis of superficial lymphadenopathy: metastasis, malignant lymphoma, and benign process.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Differentiation of lymph nodes as metastasis, malignant lymphoma, and benign lesions by gray scale and color/power Doppler ultrasonography has been reported. In this study we sought to determine patterns of abnormal vascularity, the relationship between diagnostic criteria and node size, and which vessel in the node was best suited for Doppler spectral analysis. Extrahilar vessels, defined as vessels entering through the lymphatic surface and not through the hilus, were also investigated.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred twenty-nine nodes were examined by color/power Doppler ultrasonography.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Extrahilar vessels were seen in 85.4% of metastatic, 40.5% of lymphomatous, and 7.7% of benign nodes regardless of node size. The mean pulsatility index and resistive index values of metastatic nodes were higher than those of benign nodes regardless of their size. Those of lymphoma were intermediate compared with the others.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A pulsatility index greater then 1.3 and a resistive index greater than 0.72 suggested malignancy as measured from any vessel.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, JR Tokyo General Hospital, Japan.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shirakawa
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Miyamoto
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yamagishi
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fukuda
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tada
mesh_terms: D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D008223:Lymphoma / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011673:Pulsatile Flow; D018615:Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color; D014655:Vascular Resistance