title: The effect of short-term prophylactic methylprednisolone on the incidence and severity of postpericardiotomy syndrome in children undergoing cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to determine the effect of prophylactic immune suppression on the incidence and severity ofpostpericardiotomy syndrome (PPS) in children after cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB).
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Prophylactic suppression of the inflammatory response has an unknown effect on the incidence and severity of PPS in children undergoing surgery with CPB.
  
  
  METHODS
  This randomized double-blind placebo controlled trial included two study groups. Group A received pre-CPB intravenous methylprednisolone (1 mg/kg) plus four additional intravenous doses over 24 h, and Group B received intravenous saline placebo at identical intervals. Data included patient demographics, cardiac diagnosis/operation, CPB time, incidence and severity of PPS. Noncomplicated PPS--temperature >100.5 degrees F, pericardial friction rub, patient irritability, small pericardial +/- pleural effusion. Complicated PPS--noncomplicated PPS plus hospital readmission +/- pericardiocentesis or thoracentesis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We randomized 266 children: 20 exclusions (6 perioperative deaths, 14 reasons unrelated to treatment) leaving Group A (n = 126) and Group B (n = 120). There were no significant group differences in gender, cardiac diagnosis or CPB time. Group mean age differed (p = 0.05) and was treated as a covariate with no substantive outcome effect. In total, 39/246 children (16%) developed PPS (noncomplicated: n = 30, complicated: n = 9). There was no inter-group difference in overall PPS incidence (p = 0.73). However, Group A had a marginally significant increase in complicated PPS (p = 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Intravenous methylprednisolone at a standard anti-inflammatory dose administered pre-CPB and early post-CPB neither prevents nor attenuates PPS in children. Short-term pre-CPB and post-CPB methylprednisolone treatment may complicate PPS.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA. AMott@bcm.tmc.edu
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Mott
authors.forename: C D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Fraser
authors.forename: A V
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Kusnoor
authors.forename: N M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Giesecke
authors.forename: G J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Reul
authors.forename: K L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Drescher
authors.forename: C H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Watrin
authors.forename: E O
authors.initials: EO
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: T F
authors.initials: TF
authors.lastname: Feltes
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006348:Cardiac Surgical Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002315:Cardiopulmonary Bypass / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007165:Immunosuppression Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D007249:Inflammation; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008775:Methylprednisolone / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D020519:Pericardiocentesis; D011185:Postpericardiotomy Syndrome / Q000145:classification / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011292:Premedication / Q000379:methods*; D012720:Severity of Illness Index
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D008775:Methylprednisolone