title: Impact of chemotherapy dose-density on radiotherapy dose-intensity after breast conserving surgery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate if chemotherapy (CT) dose-intensification jeopardizes radiotherapy (RT) dose-intensity (DI).
  
  
  METHODS
  From 1992 to 1997, 247 stage I-II breast cancer patients, treated with conserving surgery, were treated at the National Cancer Institute of Genoa in a randomized study comparing the same CEF regimen delivered every two weeks (CEF14) or three weeks (CEF21). RT was applied to the residual breast at a total dose of 50 Gy in five weeks. Allowance was made for treatment at 2.3 Gy per fraction in order to compensate for gaps (hypofractionation). Radiotherapy DI was expressed as the average total dose received each week, i.e., 'weekly dose-rate' (WDR). The effect of various tumour, treatment and patient-related factors on the endpoint (a delivered WDR of RT < 9.5 Gy) was investigated by univariate analysis. Factors found to have P-value < or = 0.20 were entered in multivariate analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All but three patients (244 of 247, 98.8%) received a cumulative total dose of RT within +/- 10% of that planned. Moreover, most of them (197 of 247, 79.8%) received an average WDR of > or = 9.5 Gy/wk. With univariate analysis the probability of WDR < 9.5 Gy/wk significantly correlated with age, menopausal status, concomitant administration of RT and CT, and white blood cell toxicity. Moreover, a positive effect on WDR was found in patients treated at 2.3 Gy per fraction. The type of treatment (CEF14 vs. CEF21) did not affect the probability of WDR < 9.5 Gy/wk. With multivariate analysis, age (< or = 55 vs. > 55 years, RR = 3.99, 95% CI: 1.89-8.42, P = 0.0003), RT fractionation (conventional vs. hypofractionation, RR = 0.32, 95% CI: 0.15-0.68, P = 0.017) and WBC toxicity (none vs. some, RR = 1.54, 95% CI: 1.06-2.22, P = 0.027) were independent predictors of WDR < 9.5 Gy. Regarding the CT-RT overlap, patients receiving more than two cycles of chemotherapy during radiotherapy had an increased risk of RT delay compared to other patients (RR = 3.74, 95% CI: 1.44-9.48, P = 0.0063).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is no evidence of a direct effect of CT dose-density on dose-intensity of RT. However, the concomitant use of CT and RT reduces the possibility of giving a full dose-intensity of RT.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Research Institute of Genoa, Italy.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sanguineti
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Del Mastro
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Guenzi
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ricci
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cavallari
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Canavese
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Stevani
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Venturini
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality / Q000532:radiotherapy* / Q000601:surgery; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D003520:Cyclophosphamide / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D003561:Cytarabine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D015251:Epirubicin / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005260:Female; D006410:Hematopoiesis / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D015412:Mastectomy, Segmental; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011379:Prognosis; D011879:Radiotherapy Dosage; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D003561:Cytarabine; D015251:Epirubicin; D003520:Cyclophosphamide