title: Long-chain versus medium-chain lipids in acute pancreatitis complicated by acute respiratory distress syndrome: effects on pulmonary hemodynamics and gas exchange.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In order to assess the effects of fat emulsions in patients with acute pancreatitis and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) before the pancreatic injury was complicated by infection, pulmonary hemodynamics and gas exchange were investigated during the administration of long-(LCTs) or medium-chain triacylglycerols (MCTs).
  
  
  METHODS
  This prospective trial included nine patients with acute pancreatitis and ARDS; each patient was used as his/her own control. In all cases, the needle aspiration culture of the pancreas was negative. Fat emulsion provided 50% of the energy expenditure. The patients were infused, in random order, with pure LCTs and a 1:1 mixture of LCTs/MCTs on days 1 and 2, over an 8 h period.
  
  
  RESULTS
  LCT infusion increased the mean pulmonary artery pressure (MPAP) from 28+/-5 to 35+/-3 mmHg, pulmonary venous admixture (Qva/Qt) from 26+/-5% to 36+/-5% and decreased arterial PO2(PaO2)/fractional inspired oxygen (FIO2) from 210+/-20 to 170+/-20 (P<0.05). The infusion of LCT/MCT 1:1 emulsions increased oxygen consumption (VO2) from 340+/-10 to 398+/-15 ml/min, cardiac output (CO) from 8.8+/-0.2 to 9.5+/-0.5 L/min and CO2 production (VCO2) from 247+/-12 to 282+/-14 mL/min (P<0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  LCT/MCT 1:1 mixtures are recommended in cases of acute pancreatitis and ARDS, even though infusion over a short period increases the metabolic demand.
authors.affiliation: 2nd Department of Surgery, Athens University, Athens, Greece. vsmyrniotis@hotmail.com
authors.forename: V E
authors.initials: VE
authors.lastname: Smyrniotis
authors.forename: G G
authors.initials: GG
authors.lastname: Kostopanagiotou
authors.forename: N F
authors.initials: NF
authors.lastname: Arkadopoulos
authors.forename: K A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Theodoraki
authors.forename: T E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Kotsis
authors.forename: A T
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Lambrou
authors.forename: J G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Vassiliou
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001784:Blood Gas Analysis; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005217:Fat Emulsions, Intravenous / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D008168:Lung / Q000098:blood supply / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010101:Oxygen Consumption / Q000187:drug effects; D010195:Pancreatitis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011659:Pulmonary Gas Exchange / Q000187:drug effects*; D011669:Pulmonary Wedge Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D012128:Respiratory Distress Syndrome / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D005217:Fat Emulsions, Intravenous; D014280:Triglycerides