title: Effects of fluoride varnish on color of esthetic restorative material.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study determined the color stability of a compomer, hybrid ionomer, and composite after staining with three fluoride varnishes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Five disks (10 mm in diameter, 2 mm thick) of each material were prepared in a mold and incubated at 100% relative humidity at 37 degrees C for 24 hours. Duraphat, Duraflor, FluorProtector, and water (control) were applied to the disks, which were subsequently brushed with a soft toothbrush and dentifrice. Color was measured at baseline, after staining, and after brushing using CIE L*a*b* (source C) against white background on a reflection spectrophotometer, and color change (delta E*) was calculated. Means (n = 5) and standard deviations were calculated and compared using a repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA). Tukey-Kramer intervals (p = .05) were calculated to compare means.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Varnishes Duraflor and Duraphat caused perceptible color changes (delta E* > 3.3) in compomer, hybrid ionomer, and composite after application; however, FluorProtector did not affect the color of the materials. After brushing, none of the materials exhibited perceptible values of delta E*, except the composite with Duraflor (delta E* = 5.4).
authors.affiliation: University of Texas-Houston Dental Branch, Houston, Texas, USA.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Debner
authors.forename: D P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Warren
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Powers
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D003116:Color; D020770:Compomers / Q000737:chemistry*; D003188:Composite Resins / Q000737:chemistry*; D004338:Drug Combinations; D005460:Fluorides, Topical / Q000737:chemistry*; D005899:Glass Ionomer Cements / Q000737:chemistry*; D007764:Lacquer; D008422:Materials Testing; D008689:Methacrylates / Q000737:chemistry; D011140:Polyurethanes / Q000737:chemistry; D017797:Prosthesis Coloring; D012117:Resins, Synthetic / Q000737:chemistry; D012821:Silanes / Q000737:chemistry; D017640:Silicates / Q000737:chemistry; D012969:Sodium Fluoride / Q000737:chemistry; D013053:Spectrophotometry; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric
chemical_list: D020770:Compomers; D003188:Composite Resins; D004338:Drug Combinations; C120870:Duraflor; C088486:Dyract; D005460:Fluorides, Topical; C079765:Fuji II LC cement; D005899:Glass Ionomer Cements; D008689:Methacrylates; D011140:Polyurethanes; D012117:Resins, Synthetic; D012821:Silanes; D017640:Silicates; C113300:TPH hybrid; C023807:sodium fluoride topical preparation; C022599:Fluor Protector; D012969:Sodium Fluoride