[Thoracic epidural analgesia (TEA) in clinical practice: effects, technique, complications and suggestions during anticoagulant treatment].
The effects of thoracic peridural analgesia (TEA) on the neuroendocrine response to surgery are well known, but, at the present this technique is not widely used especially in Italy. The aim of this paper is to give information and suggestions on thoracic epidural analgesia in thoracic and cardiac surgery, and to discuss how anticoagulant therapy may interfere on this technique.
Passarani
S
S
U.O. Anestesia e Unità di Cure Intensive Cardiotoracica, Dipartimento Cardiologico A. De Gasperis, Azienda Ospedaliera Niguarda, Milan, Italy.
Pedrazzini
G
G
Paino
R
R
Paleari
G
G
D000368:Aged; D015360:Analgesia, Epidural / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D000700:Analgesics / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology; D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000145:classification / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001777:Blood Coagulation / Q000187:drug effects; D006348:Cardiac Surgical Procedures; D004347:Drug Interactions; D004388:Dura Mater / Q000293:injuries; D005260:Female; D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006406:Hematoma / Q000209:etiology; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D007111:Immunity, Cellular / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000188:drug therapy*; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000209:etiology; D012119:Respiration / Q000187:drug effects; D013312:Stress, Physiological / Q000209:etiology / Q000276:immunology; D019616:Thoracic Surgical Procedures; D015912:Thrombolytic Therapy
D000700:Analgesics; D000925:Anticoagulants; D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors